@article {pmid35618306,
year = {2022},
author = {Bardosh, K and de Figueiredo, A and Gur-Arie, R and Jamrozik, E and Doidge, J and Lemmens, T and Keshavjee, S and Graham, JE and Baral, S},
title = {The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008684},
pmid = {35618306},
issn = {2059-7908},
abstract = {Vaccination policies have shifted dramatically during COVID-19 with the rapid emergence of population-wide vaccine mandates, domestic vaccine passports and differential restrictions based on vaccination status. While these policies have prompted ethical, scientific, practical, legal and political debate, there has been limited evaluation of their potential unintended consequences. Here, we outline a comprehensive set of hypotheses for why these policies may ultimately be counterproductive and harmful. Our framework considers four domains: (1) behavioural psychology, (2) politics and law, (3) socioeconomics, and (4) the integrity of science and public health. While current vaccines appear to have had a significant impact on decreasing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality burdens, we argue that current mandatory vaccine policies are scientifically questionable and are likely to cause more societal harm than good. Restricting people's access to work, education, public transport and social life based on COVID-19 vaccination status impinges on human rights, promotes stigma and social polarisation, and adversely affects health and well-being. Current policies may lead to a widening of health and economic inequalities, detrimental long-term impacts on trust in government and scientific institutions, and reduce the uptake of future public health measures, including COVID-19 vaccines as well as routine immunisations. Mandating vaccination is one of the most powerful interventions in public health and should be used sparingly and carefully to uphold ethical norms and trust in institutions. We argue that current COVID-19 vaccine policies should be re-evaluated in light of the negative consequences that we outline. Leveraging empowering strategies based on trust and public consultation, and improving healthcare services and infrastructure, represent a more sustainable approach to optimising COVID-19 vaccination programmes and, more broadly, the health and well-being of the public.},
}

@article {pmid35618037,
year = {2022},
author = {Khorramdelazad, H and Kazemi, MH and Azimi, M and Aghamajidi, A and Mehrabadi, AZ and Shahba, F and Aghamohammadi, N and Falak, R and Faraji, F and Jafari, R},
title = {Type-I interferons in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175051},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175051},
pmid = {35618037},
issn = {1879-0712},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is currently the major global health problem. Still, it continues to infect people globally and up to the end of February 2022, over 436 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5.95 million deaths, were reported to the world health organization (WHO). No specific treatment is currently available for COVID-19, and the discovery of effective therapeutics requires understanding the effective immunologic and immunopathologic mechanisms behind this infection. Type-I interferons (IFN-Is), as the critical elements of the immediate immune response against viral infections, can inhibit the replication and spread of the viruses. However, the available evidence shows that the antiviral IFN-I response is impaired in patients with the severe form of COVID-19. Moreover, the administration of exogenous IFN-I in different phases of the disease can lead to various outcomes. Therefore, understanding the role of IFN-I molecules in COVID-19 development and its severity can provide valuable information for better management of this disease. This review summarizes the role of IFN-Is in the pathogenesis of COIVD-19 and discusses the importance of autoantibodies against this cytokine in the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and control of the subsequent excessive inflammation.},
}

@article {pmid35617829,
year = {2022},
author = {Dzinamarira, T and Murewanhema, G and Chitungo, I and Ngara, B and Nkambule, SJ and Madziva, R and Herrera, H and Mukwenha, S and Cuadros, DF and Iradukunda, PG and Mashora, M and Tungwarara, N and Rwibasira, GN and Musuka, G},
title = {Risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {654-661},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.006},
pmid = {35617829},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19 clinical outcomes remains a significant public health research problem. We aimed to determine the association of HIV comorbidity with COVID-19 mortality.

METHODS: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and World Health Organization library databases for relevant studies. All searches were conducted from 1st to 7th December 2021. Title, abstract and full text screening was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The relative risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients was computed using a random-effects model. All analyses were performed using Meta and Metasens statistical packages available in R version 4.2.1 software package. The quality of included studies was assessed using the GRADE approach, Egger's test was employed to determine the risk of bias.

RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Among the COVID-19 patients with HIV infection, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 7.97% (4 287/53,801), and among the COVID-19 patients without HIV infection, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 0.69% (127, 961/18, 513, 747). In the random effects model, we found no statistically significant relative risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86-1.32). The between-studies heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 91%, P < 0.01), while the risk of publication bias was not significant.

CONCLUSION: Findings did not link HIV infection with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Our results add to the conflicting data on the relationship between COVID-19 and HIV infection.},
}

@article {pmid35616701,
year = {2022},
author = {Kurian, J and Blumfield, E and Levin, TL and Liszewski, MC},
title = {Imaging findings in acute pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).},
journal = {Pediatric radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35616701},
issn = {1432-1998},
abstract = {The two primary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). While most pediatric cases of acute COVID-19 disease are mild or asymptomatic, some children are at risk for developing severe pneumonia. In MIS-C, children present a few weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure with a febrile illness that can rapidly progress to shock and multiorgan dysfunction. In both diseases, the clinical and laboratory findings can be nonspecific and present a diagnostic challenge. Thoracic imaging is commonly obtained to assist with initial workup, assessment of disease progression, and guidance of therapy. This paper reviews the radiologic findings of acute COVID-19 pneumonia and MIS-C, highlights the key distinctions between the entities, and summarizes our understanding of the role of imaging in managing SARS-CoV-2-related illness in children.},
}

@article {pmid35615657,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, J and Han, Y and Zhang, Y and Dong, D and Cao, Y and Chen, X and Li, H},
title = {Considerations for the Surgical Management of Thoracic Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rational Strategies for Thoracic Surgeons.},
journal = {Frontiers in surgery},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {742007},
doi = {10.3389/fsurg.2022.742007},
pmid = {35615657},
issn = {2296-875X},
abstract = {Objective: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis since first case was identified in December 2019. As the pandemic continues to strain global public health systems, elective surgeries for thoracic cancer, such as early-stage lung cancer and esophageal cancer (EC), have been postponed due to a shortage of medical resources and the risk of nosocomial transmission. This review is aimed to discuss the influence of COVID-19 on thoracic surgical practice, prevention of nosocomial transmission during the pandemic, and propose modifications to the standard practices in the surgical management of different thoracic cancer.

Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar was performed for articles focusing on COVID-19, early-stage lung cancer, and EC prior to 1 July 2021. The evidence from articles was combined with our data and experience.

Results: We review the challenges in the management of different thoracic cancer from the perspectives of thoracic surgeons and propose rational strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer and EC during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the optimization of hospital systems and medical resources is to fight against COVID-19. Indolent early lung cancers, such as pure ground-glass nodules/opacities (GGOs), can be postponed with a lower risk of progression, while selective surgeries of more biologically aggressive tumors should be prioritized. As for EC, we recommend immediate or prioritized surgeries for patients with stage Ib or more advanced stage and patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Routine COVID-19 screening should be performed preoperatively before thoracic surgeries. Prevention of nosocomial transmission by providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as N-95 respirator masks with eye protection to healthcare workers, is necessary.},
}

@article {pmid35615461,
year = {2022},
author = {Solís-Cordero, K and Duarte, LS and Fujimori, E},
title = {Effectiveness of Remotely Delivered Parenting Programs on Caregiver-child Interaction and Child Development: a Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of child and family studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1007/s10826-022-02328-8},
pmid = {35615461},
issn = {1062-1024},
abstract = {Remotely delivered parenting interventions are suitable to promote child well-being and development, in a context of social isolation, as our society faced due to COVID-19. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions for typically developing children on caregiver-child interaction and child development. We carried out a systematic search to find studies from the inception of the database to September 2021 on six electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Regional Portal Information and Knowledge for Health (BVS), and gray literature. Eligible study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental studies. We included parenting interventions as long as they were remotely delivered and focused on typically developing children. Two outcomes were considered: caregiver-child interaction and child development. Three randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one quasi-experimental study met the inclusion criteria. Results from two RCT revealed positive, small-to-medium effects on child development. One study showed that the new intervention had a not inferior effect compared to the results achieved by the traditional support. Children who participated in the quasi-experimental study showed significant elevations in language ability. One study reported positive caregiver-child interaction results. There is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions on child development due to the heterogeneity of participant profiles, mode of delivery, and assessment tools. The results suggest the need to develop future methodologically rigorous studies assessing the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions for typically developing children on caregiver-child interaction and child development.},
}

@article {pmid35615420,
year = {2022},
author = {Meldrum, OW and Belchamber, KBR and Chichirelo-Konstantynovych, KD and Horton, KL and Konstantynovych, TV and Long, MB and McDonnell, MJ and Perea, L and Garcia-Basteiro, AL and Loebinger, MR and Duarte, R and Keir, HR},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Respiratory Infections Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00642-2021},
pmid = {35615420},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {The European Respiratory Society International Congress 2021 took place virtually for the second year running due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Congress programme featured more than 400 sessions and 3000 abstract presentations, covering the entire field of respiratory science and medicine. In this article, early career members of the Respiratory Infections Assembly summarise a selection of sessions across a broad range of topics, including presentations on bronchiectasis, non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis and COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid35615416,
year = {2022},
author = {Ardura-Garcia, C and Abellan, A and Cuevas-Ocaña, S and Freitag, N and Lam, YT and Makrinioti, H and Slaats, M and Storti, M and Williams, EE and Dassios, T and Duijts, L and Ersu, RH and Fustik, S and Morty, RE and Proesmans, M and Schramm, D and Saglani, S and Moeller, A and Pijnenburg, MW},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Paediatric Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00643-2021},
pmid = {35615416},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {In this review, Early Career Members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Chairs of the ERS Assembly 7: Paediatrics present the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine from the ERS International Congress 2021. The eight scientific Groups of this Assembly cover respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis (CF), respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology, bronchology, and lung and airway development. We here describe new developments in lung function testing and sleep-disordered breathing diagnosis, early life exposures affecting pulmonary function in children and effect of COVID-19 on sleep and lung function. In paediatric asthma, we present the important role of the exposome in asthma development, and how biologics can provide better outcomes. We discuss new methods to assess distal airways in children with CF, as some details remain blind when using the lung clearance index. Moreover, we summarise the new ERS guidelines for bronchiectasis management in children and adolescents. We present interventions to reduce morbidity and monitor pulmonary function in newborns at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term chronic respiratory morbidity of this disease. In respiratory epidemiology, we characterise primary ciliary dyskinesia, identify early life determinants of respiratory health and describe the effect of COVID-19 preventive measures on respiratory symptoms. Also, we describe the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases, possible consequences of tracheomalacia and a classification of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in children. Finally, we highlight that the characterisation of genes and pathways involved in the development of a disease is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.},
}

@article {pmid35615415,
year = {2022},
author = {Robertson, L and Machado, F and Rutkowski, S and Silva, L and Miranda, S and Farver-Vestergaard, I and Janssens, T and Sylvester, KP and Burtin, C and Šajnić, A and Cruz, J},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Allied Respiratory Professionals assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00674-2021},
pmid = {35615415},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {This paper provides an overview of some of the most memorable sessions that were (co)organised by the Allied Respiratory Professionals Assembly during the 2021 European Respiratory Society International Congress, which was held online for the second consecutive year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Early Career Members from Assembly 9 summarised the content of the sessions (three oral communication sessions, two symposia and one Expert View) with the support of the chairs from the four Assembly groups: Respiratory Function Technologists and Scientists (Group 9.01); Physiotherapists (Group 9.02); Nurses (Group 9.03); and Psychologists and Behavioural Scientists (Group 9.04). The sessions covered the following topics: impact of COVID-19 on lung function and healthcare services, and the importance of quality assurance and technology in lung function assessment; diagnosis and management of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory disease; maintenance of the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation; solutions outside the hospital for the management of patients with COVID-19 in need of health care; the nursing perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic; and psychological and behavioural issues in respiratory care. This highlights article provides valuable insight into the latest scientific data and emerging areas affecting clinical practice of allied respiratory professionals.},
}

@article {pmid35615412,
year = {2022},
author = {Lichtblau, M and Piccari, L and Ramjug, S and Bokan, A and Lechartier, B and Jutant, EM and Barata, M and Garcia, AR and Howard, LS and Adir, Y and Delcroix, M and Jara-Palomares, L and Bertoletti, L and Sitbon, O and Ulrich, S and Vonk Noordegraaf, A},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00665-2021},
pmid = {35615412},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {This article aims to summarise the latest research presented at the virtual 2021 European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress in the field of pulmonary vascular disease. In light of the current guidelines and proceedings, knowledge gaps are addressed and the newest findings of the various forms of pulmonary hypertension as well as key points on pulmonary embolism are discussed. Despite the comprehensive coverage of the guidelines for pulmonary embolism at previous conferences, discussions about controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in specific cases were debated and are addressed in the first section of this article. We then report on an interesting pro-con debate about the current classification of pulmonary hypertension. We further report on presentations on Group 3 pulmonary hypertension, with research exploring pathogenesis, phenotyping, diagnosis and treatment; important contributions on the diagnosis of post-capillary pulmonary hypertension are also included. Finally, we summarise the latest evidence presented on pulmonary vascular disease and COVID-19 and a statement on the new imaging guidelines for pulmonary vascular disease from the Fleischner Society.},
}

@article {pmid35615410,
year = {2022},
author = {Firouzkouhi, M and Abdollahimohammad, A and Rezaie-Kheikhaie, K and Mortazavi, H and Farzi, J and Masinaienezhad, N and Hashemi-Bonjar, Z},
title = {Nurses' Caring Experiences in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.},
journal = {Health sciences review (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100030},
doi = {10.1016/j.hsr.2022.100030},
pmid = {35615410},
issn = {2772-6320},
abstract = {Nurses, as front-line care providers, strive to offer adequate care to their clients. They have acquired valuable experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic that enhance the nursing profession. This study aimed to explore nurses' caring experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative meta-aggregative systematic review. Electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL) in English were searched to find out the meaningful subjective data on the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria were studies published in English related to nurses' caring experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventeen qualitative studies with several approaches were included. Three key themes were identified from the studies: Weaknesses and strengths of nursing at the beginning of the pandemic, Nursing beyond challenges related to the pandemic, and Family and career challenges. Nurses face different challenges in caring for patients with COVID-19 that benefit the health and nursing professions. Governments, policymakers, and managers have to support nurses during and after the pandemic. Without enough support, nurses are likely to experience significant psychological issues that can lead to burnout and frustration.},
}

@article {pmid35615369,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhao, M and Tian, C and Cong, S and Di, X and Wang, K},
title = {From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {877303},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.877303},
pmid = {35615369},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, exacerbates inflammatory responses, and even causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe disease. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous multisystem disease characterized by dense epithelioid non-necrotizing lesions with varying degrees of lymphocytic inflammation. These two diseases have similar clinical manifestations and may also influence each other and affect their clinical courses. In this study, we analyzed some possible connections between sarcoidosis and COVID-19, including the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the respiratory system, immune response, and cell death pathways, to understand the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, predisposing patients to severe forms of COVID-19. This review will provide a new prospect for the treatment of COVID-19 and an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and development of sarcoidosis.},
}

@article {pmid35615359,
year = {2022},
author = {Silberberg, E and Filep, JG and Ariel, A},
title = {Weathering the Storm: Harnessing the Resolution of Inflammation to Limit COVID-19 Pathogenesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {863449},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.863449},
pmid = {35615359},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The resolution of inflammation is a temporally and spatially coordinated process that in its innate manifestations, primarily involves neutrophils and macrophages. The shutdown of infection or injury-induced acute inflammation requires termination of neutrophil accumulation within the affected sites, neutrophil demise, and clearance by phagocytes (efferocytosis), such as tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages. This must be followed by macrophage reprogramming from the inflammatory to reparative and consequently resolution-promoting phenotypes and the production of resolution-promoting lipid and protein mediators that limit responses in various cell types and promote tissue repair and return to homeostatic architecture and function. Recent studies suggest that these events, and macrophage reprogramming to pro-resolving phenotypes in particular, are not only important in the acute setting, but might be paramount in limiting chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and various uncontrolled cytokine-driven pathologies. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide health and economic crisis. Severe COVID-19 cases that lead to high morbidity are tightly associated with an exuberant cytokine storm that seems to trigger shock-like pathologies, leading to vascular and multiorgan failures. In other cases, the cytokine storm can lead to diffuse alveolar damage that results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure. Here, we address recent advances on effectors in the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pro-resolution mechanisms with particular emphasis on macrophage reprogramming, might be harnessed to limit the universal COVID-19 health threat.},
}

@article {pmid35615063,
year = {2022},
author = {Löscher, W and Howe, CL},
title = {Molecular Mechanisms in the Genesis of Seizures and Epilepsy Associated With Viral Infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular neuroscience},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {870868},
doi = {10.3389/fnmol.2022.870868},
pmid = {35615063},
issn = {1662-5099},
abstract = {Seizures are a common presenting symptom during viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and can occur during the initial phase of infection ("early" or acute symptomatic seizures), after recovery ("late" or spontaneous seizures, indicating the development of acquired epilepsy), or both. The development of acute and delayed seizures may have shared as well as unique pathogenic mechanisms and prognostic implications. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we present an overview of viruses that are associated with early and late seizures in humans. We then describe potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, including routes of neuroinvasion, viral control and clearance, systemic inflammation, alterations of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and inflammation-induced molecular reorganization of synapses and neural circuits. We provide clinical and animal model findings to highlight commonalities and differences in these processes across various neurotropic or neuropathogenic viruses, including herpesviruses, SARS-CoV-2, flaviviruses, and picornaviruses. In addition, we extensively review the literature regarding Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). This picornavirus, although not pathogenic for humans, is possibly the best-characterized model for understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive seizures, epilepsy, and hippocampal damage during viral infection. An enhanced understanding of these mechanisms derived from the TMEV model may lead to novel therapeutic interventions that interfere with ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, even within non-infectious contexts.},
}

@article {pmid35614299,
year = {2022},
author = {Napuri, NI and Curcio, D and Swerdlow, DL and Srivastava, A},
title = {Immune Response to COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Individuals: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35614299},
issn = {2193-8229},
abstract = {Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and demonstrate a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, including to the novel mRNA vaccines that have been shown to elicit high neutralizing antibody levels. This review synthesized available data on the immune response to COVID-19 and critically assessed mRNA COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in this vulnerable subpopulation. Patients with various immunocompromising conditions exhibit diverse responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 severity and mortality, and available vaccines elicit lower immune responses, particularly in solid organ transplant recipients. Strategies to improve vaccine responses in immunocompromised individuals are being implemented in vaccine recommendations, including the use of a third and fourth vaccine dose beyond the two-dose series. Additional doses may enhance vaccine effectiveness and help provide broad coverage against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Continued investigation of vaccines and dosing regimens will help refine approaches to help protect this vulnerable subpopulation from COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid35613979,
year = {2022},
author = {Lam, SM and Huang, X and Shui, G},
title = {Neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: lipoproteins and exosomes as Trojan horses.},
journal = {Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.011},
pmid = {35613979},
issn = {1879-3061},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets lipid-producing cells for viral tropism. In this review, we connect systemic lipid couriers, particularly high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and exosomes, with the neurological facets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss how SARS-CoV-2 preferentially targets lipid-secreting cells and usurps host cell lipid metabolism for efficient replication and systemic spreading. Besides providing natural veils for viral materials against host immunity, the inherent properties of some of these endogenous lipid particles to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) also offer alternative routes for SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. Importantly, virus-driven neurological aberrations mediated by HDLs and exosomes are fueled by lipid rafts, which are implicated in the production and transmigration of these lipid particles across the BBB. Finally, we discuss how repurposing existing drugs targeting lipid rafts and cholesterol homeostasis may be beneficial toward alleviating the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease burden.},
}

@article {pmid35611902,
year = {2022},
author = {Shishkova, VN and Imamgayazova, KE and Kapustina, LA},
title = {[Correction of psychoemotional disorders and short-term prognosis in patients with COVID-19].},
journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova},
volume = {122},
number = {5},
pages = {63-68},
doi = {10.17116/jnevro202212205163},
pmid = {35611902},
issn = {1997-7298},
mesh = {Anxiety/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Depression/drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pandemics ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {This review discusses the importance of the main psychosocial risk factors in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The current data on the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are presented. The article summarizes information about the relationship between the development of psychoemotional disorders and CVD, discusses the prospects for the management of such patients in the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of complications, including damage to the central nervous system during infection with a new coronavirus infection, are considered. The significance of the choice of pathogenetic therapy for patients with comorbid somatic and mental diseases in the conditions of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection is assessed. The results of multicenter placebo-controlled studies on the use of fluvoxamine in patients with a new coronavirus infection of varying severity are discussed.},
}

Anxiety/drug therapy/epidemiology
Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
*COVID-19
*Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology
Depression/drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology
Humans
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Pandemics
Prognosis

@article {pmid35608434,
year = {2022},
author = {Siddiqi, AR and Khan, T and Tahir, MJ and Asghar, MS and Islam, MS and Yousaf, Z},
title = {Miller Fisher syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination: Case report and review of literature.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {101},
number = {20},
pages = {e29333},
pmid = {35608434},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Ataxia/complications ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Miller Fisher Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome, classically diagnosed based on the clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. MFS is usually preceded by viral infections and febrile illness; however, only a few cases have been reported after vaccinations.

PATIENT CONCERNS: A 53-year-old hypertensive male presented with a 2-day history of progressive ascending paralysis of the lower limbs along with diplopia and ataxia, 8 days after the first dose of the Sinovac-Coronavac coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, with no prior history of any predisposing infections or triggers.

DIAGNOSES: Physical examination showed moderate motor and sensory loss with areflexia in the lower limbs bilaterally. Routine blood investigations and radiological investigations were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytologic dissociation and nerve conduction studies revealed prolonged latencies with reduced conduction velocities. The diagnosis of MFS was established based on the findings of physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and nerve conduction studies.

INTERVENTIONS: A management plan was devised based on intravenous immunoglobulins, pregabalin, and physiotherapy. However, due to certain socioeconomic factors, the patient was managed conservatively with regular physiotherapy sessions.

OUTCOMES: Follow-up after 6 weeks showed remarkable improvement, with complete resolution of symptoms 10 weeks after the discharge.

LESSONS: This case suggests that MFS is a rare adverse effect after COVID-19 vaccination and additional research is required to substantiate a temporal association. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology behind such complications to enhance the safety of COVID-19 vaccinations in the future.},
}

Ataxia/complications
*COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
*Miller Fisher Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology
Vaccination/adverse effects

@article {pmid35584459,
year = {2022},
author = {Marques, LLM and Beneti, SC and Pinzon, C and Cardoso, FAR},
title = {Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e258325},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.258325},
pmid = {35584459},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brazil ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Ivermectin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.},
}

Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Brazil
*COVID-19/drug therapy
Humans
*Ivermectin/pharmacology/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35232337,
year = {2022},
author = {Beeraka, NM and Tulimilli, SV and Greeshma, MV and Dallavalasa, S and Zhang, Y and Xiao, W and Fan, R and Zhao, D and Bettadapura, ADS and Nataraj, SM and Madhunapantula, SV and Liu, J},
title = {COVID-19 Effects on Geriatric Population and Failures of Aminoquinoline Therapy: Compilation of Studies from EU, USA, and China; Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {20},
pages = {3601-3621},
doi = {10.2174/0929867329666220301113146},
pmid = {35232337},
issn = {1875-533X},
support = {81703158//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mortality of the older adult population suffering from COVID-19 has been increasing at an alarming rate, and people older than 76 years of age reported 18% mortality. Mainly, the EU and USA exhibited a greater fatality rate due to lack of selective immunization and anti-SARS Co-V-2 therapeutics. Very limited reports are available to delineate the impact of COVID-19 on the geriatric population and the failures of aminoquinoline therapy.

METHODS: We performed a substantial literature review in the PubMed/Medline databases to extract the information pertaining to the COVID-19 impact on the geriatric population and recent failures of aminoquinoline therapy in COVID-19 patients of EU, China, USA and the requirement of vaccination.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Both parental strains and mutant variants of SARS Co-V-2 can induce severe respiratory complications, multiorgan failure, and clotting abnormalities in older adults due to low immunocompetence. Aminoquinoline derivatives, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are preferred primarily for COVID-19 treatment, but several controversies are being reported for its usage worldwide. In this review, we have provided the effects of COVID-19 on the geriatric population of EU and an overview of the mechanism of action of aminoquinolines. Furthermore, CQ and HCQ are not the preferred choice of drugs if the COVID-19 patients already have existing co-morbid conditions viz., diabetes mellitus and hypertension.

CONCLUSION: A new advent of COVID-19 vaccines, such as nucleic acid-based (DNA/mRNA) vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and inactivated vaccines, have been developed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection after the failure of aminoquinoline therapy in EU, China, and USA patients. However, some of the vaccines are yet to be examined against mutant strains of SARS CoV-2 that originated in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa, Brazil, and India.},
}

Aged
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/drug therapy/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccines

@article {pmid35175016,
year = {2022},
author = {Sguanci, M and Mandolfino, F},
title = {Standardized perioperative practice in surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review of the evidence.},
journal = {Minerva surgery},
volume = {77},
number = {3},
pages = {263-271},
doi = {10.23736/S2724-5691.22.09417-5},
pmid = {35175016},
issn = {2724-5438},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Operating Rooms ; Pandemics ; Personal Protective Equipment ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic activated a global health crisis. The best practice in operating room (OR) is a discussed argument. This review was performed to clarify the importance and effectiveness of standardized clinical practice (procedure, organization, guidance), identifying contemporary evidence deduced from some international experience. We decided to make a narrative review that analyses the most current shared guidelines and procedures in management of COVID-19 patients in perioperative theatre.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline was searched using PubMed (from 1 April 2020 to 22 December 2020) for relevant study according with Prisma Guidelines. The studies were assessed and classified for levels of evidence and recommendation. Three factors were extracted: OR organization, personnel safety and procedures.

EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 44 articles were identified: eleven met eligibility criteria: of these, four articles are expert opinion/experience/descriptive study, one is a multicenter/descriptive study and six are review/systematic review. 33 articles were excluded because did not meet inclusion criteria. The studies selection is focused on clinical processes in the operating theatre, guidelines for the OR safety, correct procedures for personal protective equipment use, experience and recommendations related to COVID-19 context.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the modest number of studies and high evidence, all the publications show agreement about many aspects of OR practice. Global experiences selection confirms the role and the importance of a standardized practice in operating theatre instead personal interpretation; this study aims to provide a guidelines qualitative synthesis for all surgical staff, enclosing basic behaviors for the staff and patient safety in a complex assistant approach on a pandemic time.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
Global Health
Humans
Multicenter Studies as Topic
Operating Rooms
Pandemics
Personal Protective Equipment

@article {pmid34086552,
year = {2022},
author = {Patel, P and Yadav, BK and Patel, G},
title = {State-of-the-Art and Projected Developments of Nanofiber Filter Material for Face Mask Against COVID-19.},
journal = {Recent patents on nanotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {262-270},
doi = {10.2174/1872210515666210604110946},
pmid = {34086552},
issn = {2212-4020},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Masks ; *Nanofibers ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 epidemic was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It is difficult to foresee the future length and severity; it may extend to weeks, months, or even years to deplete the energy and resources of the health care facilities and the providers as there is marginal to no pharmacological medication available to treat the Covid-19. Unless an effective pharmacological treatment such as medicines and vaccines is developed and released publicly, wearing protective face masks and protecting personal health and hygiene is merely a choice to avoid the Covid-19 spread. This review summarizes the background knowledge on the Covid-19 disease and currently available face masks for highly infectious disease primary prevention. According to recent studies of Covid-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, nanotechnologists have provided a revolutionary approach that involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological steps, one of which is the use of nanofibers in facemasks and respirators.

METHODS: Various researches carried out in the field of nanomask and patented reports based on the application of nanomask were reviewed.

CONCLUSION: The most recent developments of nanofibers, including research publications, patents and commercial products in Covid-19 prevention, are extensively reviewed from scientific literature and appropriately represented in this study.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Humans
Masks
*Nanofibers
Pandemics/prevention & control
Patents as Topic
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35613644,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, T and Wang, Z and Wang, C and Huang, J and Zhou, M},
title = {Chlorination in the pandemic times: The current state of the art for monitoring chlorine residual in water and chlorine exposure in air.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {156193},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156193},
pmid = {35613644},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of chlorine-based disinfectants has surged due to their excellent performance and cost-effectiveness in intercepting the spread of the virus and bacteria in water and air. Many authorities have demanded strict chlorine dosage for disinfection to ensure sufficient chlorine residual for inactivating viruses and bacteria while not posing harmful effects to humans as well as the environment. Reliable chlorine sensing techniques have therefore become the keys to ensure a balance between chlorine disinfection efficiency and disinfection safety. Up to now, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that collates and appraises the recently available techniques from a practical point of view. In this work, we intend to present a detailed overview of the recent advances in monitoring chlorine in both dissolved and gaseous forms aiming to present valuable information in terms of method accuracy, sensitivity, stability, reliability, and applicability, which in turn guides future sensor development. Data on the analytical performance of different techniques and environmental impacts associated with the dominated chemical-based techniques are thus discussed. Finally, this study concluded with highlights of gaps in knowledge and trends for future chlorine sensing development. Due to the increasing use of chlorine in disinfection and chemical synthesis, we believe the information present in this review is a relevant and timely resource for the water treatment industry, healthcare sector, and environmental organizations.},
}

@article {pmid35612967,
year = {2022},
author = {Samimisedeh, P and Jafari Afshar, E and Shafiabadi Hassani, N and Rastad, H},
title = {Cardiac MRI Findings in COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis: A Pooled Analysis of 468 Patients.},
journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmri.28268},
pmid = {35612967},
issn = {1522-2586},
abstract = {Understanding the pattern and severity of myocarditis caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is imperative for improving the care of the patients, and cardiac evaluation by MRI plays a key role in this regard. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize cardiac MRI findings in COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using key terms covering COVID-19 vaccine, myocarditis, and cardiac MRI. Individual-level patient data (IPD) and aggregated-level data (AD) studies were pooled through a two-stage analysis method. For this purpose, all IPD were first gathered into a single data set and reduced to AD, and then this AD (from IPD studies) was pooled with existing AD (from the AD studies) using fixed/random effect models. I2 was used to assess the degree of heterogeneity, and the prespecified level of statistical significance (P value for heterogeneity) was <0.1. Based on meta-analysis of 102 studies (n = 468 patients), 79% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54%-97%) of patients fulfilled Lake Louise criteria (LLC) for diagnosis of myocarditis. Cardiac MRI abnormalities included elevated T2 in 72% (95% CI: 50%-90%), myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 93% (95% CI: 83%-99%; nearly all with a subepicardial and/or midwall pattern), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<50%) in 4% (95% CI: 1.0%-9.0%). Moreover, elevated T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (>30), reported only by some IPD studies, were detected in 74.5% (76/102) and 32% (16/50) of patients, respectively. In conclusion, our findings may suggest that over two-thirds of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination meet the LLC. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis may show a similar pattern compared to other acute myocarditis entities. Notably, preserved LVEF is probably a common finding in these patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.},
}

@article {pmid35612311,
year = {2022},
author = {Fernandes, GFS and Thompson, AM and Castagnolo, D and Denny, WA and Dos Santos, JL},
title = {Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons.},
journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00227},
pmid = {35612311},
issn = {1520-4804},
abstract = {Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has claimed more lives than any other infectious disease. In 2020 alone, TB was responsible for 1.5 million deaths worldwide, comparable to the 1.8 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that new TB drugs must be developed to end this pandemic. After decades of neglect in this field, a renaissance era of TB drug discovery has arrived, in which many novel candidates have entered clinical trials. However, while hundreds of molecules are reported annually as promising anti-TB agents, very few successfully progress to clinical development. In this Perspective, we critically review those anti-TB compounds published in the last 6 years that demonstrate good in vivo efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, we highlight the main challenges and strategies for developing new TB drugs and the current global pipeline of drug candidates in clinical studies to foment fresh research perspectives.},
}

@article {pmid35611385,
year = {2022},
author = {Möhnle, P and Humpe, A and Boeck, M and Gruetzner, S and Hackstein, H and Offner, R and Hildebrandt, M},
title = {Emergency Use of Convalescent Plasma: Perception of the Regulatory Framework from a Clinical Perspective.},
journal = {Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {119-124},
doi = {10.1159/000519841},
pmid = {35611385},
issn = {1660-3796},
abstract = {The pandemic spread of an infectious disease poses a plethora of challenges to society, clinicians, health care providers and regulating authorities. In order to mount a rapid response and to provide hope in a potentially catastrophic situation as the current COVID-19 pandemic, emergency plans, regulations and funding strategies have to be developed on regional, national and international levels. The speed needed to establish rapid response programs is challenged by the dynamics of the spread of the disease, the concurrent and competing development of different and potentially more effective treatment options, and not the least by regulatory uncertainty. Convalescent plasma, that is plasma collected from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infections, has emerged as one of the first potential treatment options in the absence of drugs or vaccines with proven efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The societal aspects of convalescent plasma and the public awareness gave an additional boost to the rapid employment of convalescent plasma donation platforms immediately after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. At the same time, uncertainty remains as to the efficacy of convalescent plasma. With evidence mostly limited to empirical reports, convalescent plasma has been used for decades for the prophylaxis and treatment of various infectious diseases. Clinical trials have addressed different infectious agents, stages of disease, target groups of patients and yielded sometimes inconclusive results. The aim of this short review is to delineate the regulatory background for the emergency use of convalescent plasma in the USA, in the European Union and in Germany, and the transition to the setting of clinical trials. In addition, we describe observations made in the process of collecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma (herein referred to as CCP), and formulate proposals to further improve the framework for rapid responses in future emergency situations.},
}

@article {pmid35611351,
year = {2022},
author = {Alibeik, N and Pishgar, E and Bozorgmehr, R and Aghaaliakbari, F and Rahimian, N},
title = {Potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19, its relationship with lung axis, central nervous system (CNS) axis, and improvement with probiotic therapy.},
journal = {Iranian journal of microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.18502/ijm.v14i1.8794},
pmid = {35611351},
issn = {2008-3289},
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a new corona virus. COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. COVID-19 could affect the gastrointestinal system via gut microbiota impairment. Gut microbiota could affect lung health through a relationship between gut and lung microbiota, which is named gut-lung axis. Gut microbiota impairment plays a role in pathogenesis of various pulmonary disease states, so GI diseases were found to be associated with respiratory diseases. Moreover, most infected people will develop mild to moderate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomachache, which is caused by impairment in gut microbiota. Therefore, the current study aimed to review potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19, its relation with lung axis, Central Nervous System (CNS) axis and improvement with probiotic therapy. Also, this review can be a guide for potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid35611346,
year = {2022},
author = {Higdon, MM and Wahl, B and Jones, CB and Rosen, JG and Truelove, SA and Baidya, A and Nande, AA and ShamaeiZadeh, PA and Walter, KK and Feikin, DR and Patel, MK and Deloria Knoll, M and Hill, AL},
title = {A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {ofac138},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofac138},
pmid = {35611346},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Billions of doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest vaccines provide a high degree of protection against infection and disease, but precise estimates vary and studies differ in design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, and circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of COVID-19 vaccines through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 vaccines undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation and real-world effectiveness for 8 vaccines with observational studies meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include protection against asymptomatic infection, any infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe outcomes including hospitalization and death, for partial or complete vaccination, and against variants of concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. We additionally review the epidemiological principles behind the design and interpretation of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness studies, including important sources of heterogeneity.},
}

@article {pmid35611340,
year = {2022},
author = {Sena, CM and Gonçalves, L and Seiça, R},
title = {Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine.},
journal = {The EPMA journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-27},
doi = {10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7},
pmid = {35611340},
issn = {1878-5077},
abstract = {Endothelium, the gatekeeper of our blood vessels, is highly heterogeneous and a crucial physical barrier with the ability to produce vasoactive and protective mediators under physiological conditions. It regulates vascular tone, haemostasis, vascular inflammation, remodelling, and angiogenesis. Several cardio-, reno-, and cerebrovascular diseases begin with the dysfunction of endothelial cells, and more recently, COVID-19 was also associated with endothelial disease highlighting the need to monitor its function towards prevention and reduction of vascular dysfunction. Endothelial cells are an important therapeutic target in predictive, preventive, and personalised (3P) medicine with upmost importance in vascular diseases. The development of novel non-invasive techniques to access endothelial dysfunction for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity to reduce the burden of vascular disease. This review summarises recent advances in the principles of endothelial function measurements. This article presents an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques to determine vascular function and their major advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the article describes mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular function and dysfunction and potential new biomarkers of endothelial damage. Recognising these biomarkers is fundamental towards a shift from reactive to 3P medicine in the vascular field. Identifying vascular dysfunction earlier with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques adds value to predictive diagnostics and targeted prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary care). In addition, vascular dysfunction is a potential target for treatments tailored to the person.},
}

@article {pmid35611320,
year = {2022},
author = {Robson, B},
title = {Towards faster response against emerging epidemics and prediction of variants of concern.},
journal = {Informatics in medicine unlocked},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100966},
doi = {10.1016/j.imu.2022.100966},
pmid = {35611320},
issn = {2352-9148},
abstract = {The author, the journal, Computers in Biology and Medicine (CBM), and Elsevier Press more generally, played a helpful very early role in responding to COVID-19. Within a few days of the appearance of the "Wuhan Seafood isolate" genome on GenBank, a bioinformatics study was posted by the present author in ResearchGate in January 2020, "Preliminary Bioinformatics Studies on the Design of Synthetic Vaccines and Preventative Peptidomimetic Antagonists against the Wuhan Seafood Market Coronavirus. Possible Importance of the KRSFIEDLLFNKV Motif" DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18275.09761. On February 2nd, 2020, a more thorough analysis was submitted to CBM, e-published on February 26, and formally published in April 2020, at about the same time as the virus named as 2019n-CoV was identified as essentially SARS and renames SARS-COV-2. This was followed by four further papers describing in more detail some previously unreported aspects of the early investigation. The speed of research and writing of the papers was made possible by knowledge gathering tools. Based on this and earlier experiences with fast responses to emerging epidemics such as HIV and Mad Cow Disease, it is possible to envisage the nature of a speedier response to emerging epidemics and new variants of concern in established epidemics.},
}

@article {pmid35611316,
year = {2022},
author = {Babaei, A and Pouremamali, A and Rafiee, N and Sohrabi, H and Mokhtarzadeh, A and de la Guardia, M},
title = {Genosensors as an alternative diagnostic sensing approaches for specific detection of various certain viruses: a review of common techniques and outcomes.},
journal = {Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {116686},
doi = {10.1016/j.trac.2022.116686},
pmid = {35611316},
issn = {0165-9936},
abstract = {Viral infections are responsible for the deaths of millions of people throughout the world. Since outbreak of highly contagious and mutant viruses such as contemporary sars-cov-2 pandemic, has challenged the conventional diagnostic methods, the entity of a thoroughly sensitive, specific, rapid and inexpensive detecting technique with minimum level of false-positivity or -negativity, is desperately needed more than any time in the past decades. Biosensors as minimized devices could detect viruses in simple formats. So far, various nucleic acid, immune- and protein-based biosensors were designed and tested for recognizing the genome, antigen, or protein level of viruses, respectively; however, nucleic acid-based sensing techniques, which is the foundation of constructing genosensors, are preferred not only because of their ultra-sensitivity and applicability in the early stages of infections but also for their ability to differentiate various strains of the same virus. To date, the review articles related to genosensors are just confined to particular pathogenic diseases; In this regard, the present review covers comprehensive information of the research progress of the electrochemical, optical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) genosensors that applied for human viruses' diseases detection and also provides a well description of viruses' clinical importance, the conventional diagnosis approaches of viruses and their disadvantages. This review would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.},
}

@article {pmid35611257,
year = {2022},
author = {Hariyanto, TI and Jodhinata, C and Halim, DA and Kurniawan, A},
title = {Association between viral hepatitis and increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9-14},
pmid = {35611257},
issn = {2008-2258},
abstract = {Aim: The purpose of the current study is to analyze the potential association between viral hepatitis and the severity of COVID-19.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide concern that has created major issues with many aspects. It is important to identify the risk factors for severe outcomes of this disease. To date, no association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 has not been established.

Methods: Through November 5th, 2020, the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and medRxiv were systematically searched using specific keywords related to the focus of the study. All articles published on COVID-19 and viral hepatitis were retrieved. The Mantel-Haenszel formula with random-effects models was used to obtain the risk ratio (RR) along with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables. The two-tailed p-value was set with a value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Restricted-maximum likelihood meta-regression was done for several variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and other liver disease.

Results: Analysis results included a total of 16 studies with a total of 14,682 patients. Meta-analysis showed that viral hepatitis increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19 (RR 1.68 (95% CI 1.26 - 2.22), p = 0.0003, I 2 = 21%, random-effect modeling). According to the meta-regression analysis, the association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 was not influenced by age (p = 0.067), diabetes (p = 0.057), or other liver disease (p = 0.646).

Conclusion: An increase of severe COVID-19 risk is associated with viral hepatitis. To reduce the risk of COVID-19, patients with viral hepatitis should be monitored carefully.},
}

@article {pmid35611161,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, LG and Wang, L},
title = {Current Strategies in Treating Cytokine Release Syndrome Triggered by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {ImmunoTargets and therapy},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {23-35},
doi = {10.2147/ITT.S360151},
pmid = {35611161},
issn = {2253-1556},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the treatments and management of the deadly COVID-19 disease have made great progress. The strategies for developing novel treatments against COVID-19 include antiviral small molecule drugs, cell and gene therapies, immunomodulators, neutralizing antibodies, and combination therapies. Among them, immunomodulators are the most studied treatments. The small molecule antiviral drugs and immunoregulators are expected to be effective against viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 as these drugs target either conservative parts of the virus or common pathways of inflammation. Although the immunoregulators have shown benefits in reducing mortality of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infections, extensive investigations on this class of treatment to launch novel therapies that substantially improve efficacy and reduce side effects are still warranted. Moreover, great challenges have emerged as the SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly, frequently, and continuously evolved. This review provides an update and summarizes the recent advances in the treatment of COVID-19 and in particular emphasized the strategies in managing CRS triggered by SARS-CoV-2. A brief perspective in the battle against the deadly disease was also provided.},
}

@article {pmid35611115,
year = {2022},
author = {Rudrapati, R},
title = {Using industrial 4.0 technologies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103811},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103811},
pmid = {35611115},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The COVID 19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has led to a surge in the demand for healthcare devices, pre-cautions, or medicines along with advanced information technology. It has become a global mission to control the Coronavirus to prevent the death of innocent people. The fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) is a new approach to thinking that is proposed across a wide range of industries and services to achieve greater success and quality of life. Several initiatives associated with industry 4.0 are expected to make a difference in the fight against COVID-19. Implementing I4.0 components effectively could lead to a reduction in barriers between patients and healthcare workers and could result in improved communication between them. The present study aims to review the components of I4.0 and related tools used to combat the Coronavirus. This article highlights the benefits of each component of the I4.0, which is useful in controlling the spread of COVID-19. From the present study, it is stated that I4.0 technologies could provide an effective solution to deal with local as well as global medical crises in an innovative way.},
}

@article {pmid35610645,
year = {2022},
author = {Badalov, E and Blackler, L and Scharf, AE and Matsoukas, K and Chawla, S and Voigt, LP and Kuflik, A},
title = {COVID-19 double jeopardy: the overwhelming impact of the social determinants of health.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {76},
pmid = {35610645},
issn = {1475-9276},
support = {P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems by creating a tragic imbalance between needs and resources. Governments and healthcare organizations have adapted to this pronounced scarcity by applying allocation guidelines to facilitate life-or-death decision-making, reduce bias, and save as many lives as possible. However, we argue that in societies beset by longstanding inequities, these approaches fall short as mortality patterns for historically discriminated against communities have been disturbingly higher than in the general population.

METHODS: We review attack and fatality rates; survey allocation protocols designed to deal with the extreme scarcity characteristic of the earliest phases of the pandemic; and highlight the larger ethical perspectives (Utilitarianism, non-Utilitarian Rawlsian justice) that might justify such allocation practices.

RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically amplified the dire effects of disparities with respect to the social determinants of health. Patients in historically marginalized groups not only have significantly poorer health prospects but also lower prospects of accessing high quality medical care and benefitting from it even when available. Thus, mortality among minority groups has ranged from 1.9 to 2.4 times greater than the rest of the population. Standard allocation schemas, that prioritize those most likely to benefit, perpetuate and may even exacerbate preexisting systemic injustices.

CONCLUSIONS: To be better prepared for the inevitable next pandemic, we must urgently begin the monumental project of addressing and reforming the structural inequities in US society that account for the strikingly disparate mortality rates we have witnessed over the course of the current pandemic.},
}

@article {pmid35610479,
year = {2022},
author = {Hernández-Vásquez, A and Barrenechea-Pulache, A and Comandé, D and Azañedo, D},
title = {Mouthrinses and SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: a living systematic review.},
journal = {Evidence-based dentistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41432-022-0253-z},
pmid = {35610479},
issn = {1476-5446},
abstract = {Objective To conduct a living systematic review of the clinical evidence about the effect of different mouthrinses on the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected patients.Methods This study was reported using the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases and preprint repositories. We included human clinical trials that evaluated the effect of mouthrinses with antiseptic substances on the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of children or adults, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021240561.Results Five studies were included (n = 66 participants). Study participants underwent oral rinses with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 1%, povidone-iodine (PI) at 0.5% or 1%, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) at 0.2% or 0.12%, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at 0.075%, and Linolasept. Only one study included a control group with sterile water. Three of the studies identified a reduction in viral load in saliva after the use of mouthrinses with PI (up to three hours), CHX (up to four hours), or Linolasept mouthwash (up to six hours). One study reported a statistically significant reduction after the use of mouthrinses with CPC or PI vs water (up to six hours) and one study reported a non-significant reduction in viral load after the use of H2O2 rinses.Conclusions According to the present systematic review, the effect of mouthrinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva of COVID-19 patients remains uncertain. Evidence from well-designed randomised clinical trials is required for further and more objective evaluation of this effect.},
}

@article {pmid35610165,
year = {2022},
author = {Drosos, AA and Pelechas, E and Voulgari, PV},
title = {Treatment strategies of COVID-19: A rheumatology perspective.},
journal = {European journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2022.05.014},
pmid = {35610165},
issn = {1879-0828},
abstract = {The clinical progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to critical illness is associated with a systemic and uncontrolled inflammatory response of the innate and adaptive immunity with the release of a plethora of proinflammatory cytokines termed "cytokine storm". In the absence of an effective treatment, many off-label agents from the armamentarium of rheumatology are used. Here, from the perspective of a rheumatologist, we will discuss the current therapeutic strategies in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Thus, we will discuss the agents that aim to target viral entry and its replication into the host cell and those focusing and targeting the inflammatory response. In this setting, many agents have been used with promising results but, not all have been approved by the International Authorities and Institutions. In the first step (viral entry), SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and remdesivir have been approved to be used and, in the second step, corticosteroids along with interleukin-6 inhibitors, or Janus Kinase inhibitors are currently used.},
}

@article {pmid35610123,
year = {2022},
author = {Nunes, MC and Madhi, SA},
title = {COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy.},
journal = {Trends in molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.012},
pmid = {35610123},
issn = {1471-499X},
abstract = {COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been associated with severe illness in pregnant women. Furthermore, COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including preterm labor. Pregnant women were largely excluded from initial clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines; however, they have since been included as part of the routine roll-out of these vaccines. This narrative review synthesizes the evidence on the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness predominantly of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines which have been most widely used in pregnant women.},
}

@article {pmid35430265,
year = {2022},
author = {Ong, SQ and Pauzi, MBM and Gan, KH},
title = {Text mining in mosquito-borne disease: A systematic review.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {231},
number = {},
pages = {106447},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106447},
pmid = {35430265},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19 ; Data Mining ; *Dengue/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mosquito Vectors ; *Vector Borne Diseases ; *Zika Virus ; *Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Mosquito-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging across the globe, especially after the COVID19 pandemic. The recent advances in text mining in infectious diseases hold the potential of providing timely access to explicit and implicit associations among information in the text. In the past few years, the availability of online text data in the form of unstructured or semi-structured text with rich content of information from this domain enables many studies to provide solutions in this area, e.g., disease-related knowledge discovery, disease surveillance, early detection system, etc. However, a recent review of text mining in the domain of mosquito-borne disease was not available to the best of our knowledge. In this review, we survey the recent works in the text mining techniques used in combating mosquito-borne diseases. We highlight the corpus sources, technologies, applications, and the challenges faced by the studies, followed by the possible future directions that can be taken further in this domain. We present a bibliometric analysis of the 294 scientific articles that have been published in Scopus and PubMed in the domain of text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, from the year 2016 to 2021. The papers were further filtered and reviewed based on the techniques used to analyze the text related to mosquito-borne diseases. Based on the corpus of 158 selected articles, we found 27 of the articles were relevant and used text mining in mosquito-borne diseases. These articles covered the majority of Zika (38.70%), Dengue (32.26%), and Malaria (29.03%), with extremely low numbers or none of the other crucial mosquito-borne diseases like chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile fever. Twitter was the dominant corpus resource to perform text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, followed by PubMed and LexisNexis databases. Sentiment analysis was the most popular technique of text mining to understand the discourse of the disease and followed by information extraction, which dependency relation and co-occurrence-based approach to extract relations and events. Surveillance was the main usage of most of the reviewed studies and followed by treatment, which focused on the drug-disease or symptom-disease association. The advance in text mining could improve the management of mosquito-borne diseases. However, the technique and application posed many limitations and challenges, including biases like user authentication and language, real-world implementation, etc. We discussed the future direction which can be useful to expand this area and domain. This review paper contributes mainly as a library for text mining in mosquito-borne diseases and could further explore the system for other neglected diseases.},
}

Animals
*COVID-19
Data Mining
*Dengue/epidemiology
Humans
Mosquito Vectors
*Vector Borne Diseases
*Zika Virus
*Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology

@article {pmid35040405,
year = {2022},
author = {Sahoo, BM and Bhattamisra, SK and Das, S and Tiwari, A and Tiwari, V and Kumar, M and Singh, S},
title = {Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging Tools for Accelerating Drug Research.},
journal = {Current drug discovery technologies},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {40-53},
doi = {10.2174/1570163819666220117161308},
pmid = {35040405},
issn = {1875-6220},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, complex, timeconsuming, and risky. There are different techniques involved in the process of drug development, including random screening, computational approaches, molecular manipulation, and serendipitous research. Among these methods, the computational approach is considered an efficient strategy to accelerate and economize the drug discovery process.

OBJECTIVE: This approach is mainly applied in various phases of the drug discovery process, including target identification, target validation, lead identification, and lead optimization. Due to the increase in the availability of information regarding various biological targets of different disease states, computational approaches such as molecular docking, de novo design, molecular similarity calculation, virtual screening, pharmacophore-based modeling, and pharmacophore mapping have been applied extensively.

METHODS: Various drug molecules can be designed by applying computational tools to explore the drug candidates for the treatment of Coronavirus infection. The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease as COVID-19 and declared it a global pandemic on 11 February 2020. Therefore, it is thought of interest to the scientific community to apply computational methods to design and optimize the pharmacological properties of various clinically available and FDA-approved drugs such as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ritonavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, carfilzomib, baraticinib, prulifloxacin, etc., for effective treatment of COVID-19 infection.

RESULTS: Further, various survey reports suggest that extensive studies are carried out by various research communities to find out the safety and efficacy profile of these drug candidates.

CONCLUSION: This review is focused on the study of various aspects of these drugs related to their target sites on the virus, binding interactions, physicochemical properties, etc.},
}

Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/drug therapy
Drug Repositioning
Humans
Molecular Docking Simulation
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid34994337,
year = {2022},
author = {Bakkari, MA and Moni, SS and Sultan, MH and Madkhali, OA},
title = {Monoclonal Antibodies and their Target Specificity Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Perspectives and Challenges.},
journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {64-78},
doi = {10.2174/1872208316666220106110014},
pmid = {34994337},
issn = {2212-4012},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics ; },
abstract = {The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antigenic systems. The virus enters via nasopharynx, oral and infects cells by the expression of the spike protein, and enters the lungs using the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. The spectrum of specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is increasingly challenging as frequent mutations have been reported and their antigen specificity varies accordingly. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will have a more significant advantage in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity. Recently, mAbs have been developed to target included specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of the therapeutic index of mAbs that can elicit neutralization by binding to the viral spike protein and suppress the cytokine network is a classic therapeutic approach for a potential cure. The development of mAbs against B-cell function as well as inhibition of the cytokine network has also been a focus in recent research. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mAbs as antibody cocktail preparations against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Target specific therapeutic accomplishment with mAbs, a milestone in the modern therapeutic age, can be used to achieve a specific therapeutic strategy to suppress SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the cytokine network and antibody formation to better understand the development of mAbs against SARS- CoV-2 infection along with recent patents.},
}

Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
*Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological
*COVID-19/drug therapy
Cytokines
Humans
Patents as Topic
SARS-CoV-2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics

@article {pmid34488601,
year = {2022},
author = {Selvaraj, C and Dinesh, DC and Krafcikova, P and Boura, E and Aarthy, M and Pravin, MA and Singh, SK},
title = {Structural Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Targets, Active Site Contour Map Analysis and COVID-19 Therapeutics.},
journal = {Current molecular pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {418-433},
doi = {10.2174/1874467214666210906125959},
pmid = {34488601},
issn = {1874-4702},
support = {117/2021//Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education (TANSCHE)/ ; 61388963, L200551951//Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic/ ; },
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Catalytic Domain ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2), is responsible for multiple worldwide lockdowns, an economic crisis, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations for viral pneumonia along with respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunctions. Recently, the first few vaccines were approved by World Health Organization (WHO) and can eventually save millions of lives. Even though, few drugs are used in emergency like Remdesivir and several other repurposed drugs, still there is no approved drug for COVID-19. The coronaviral encoded proteins involved in host-cell entry, replication, and host-cell invading mechanism are potential therapeutic targets. This perspective review provides the molecular overview of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle for summarizing potential drug targets, structural insights, active site contour map analyses of those selected SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for drug discovery, immunology, and pathogenesis.},
}

Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/drug therapy
Catalytic Domain
Communicable Disease Control
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid34353275,
year = {2022},
author = {Sushma, DS and Jaiswal, V and Kumar, A and Asha, S and Pal, T},
title = {Insights into Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current Understanding, Research, and Therapeutic Updates.},
journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {35-63},
doi = {10.2174/1872208315666210805152122},
pmid = {34353275},
issn = {2212-4012},
support = {LSI- 576/2013//Department of Science and Technology, DST- FIST/ ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Testing ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Humans can be infected with various coronaviruses that can cause serious illness and death. One such pandemic strain of coronavirus was recently identified in December 2019, and it led to a devastating outbreak in Wuhan city of China. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). It is highly contagious and causes symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to highlight the current understanding, research, and therapeutic updates of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted for research papers and patents in the context of COVID-19. All the related articles were extracted from various public repositories such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Springer, Web of Science, etc. Results: The present analysis revealed that the key areas of the inventions were vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from developing the treatment of CoV. It was also observed that no specific vaccine treatments were available for the treatment of 2019-nCov; therefore, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention, and disease management is the primary governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. The current focus of the researches has turned towards developing four potential treatments, including the development of candidate vaccines, development of novel potential drugs, repurposing of existing drugs, and development of convalescent plasma therapy. The PCR based diagnosis is the gold standard for the COVID-19 testing, but it requires resource time, expertise, and high associated cost; hence researchers are also developing different diagnostic methods for the COVID-19. Although vaccines are being developed by various companies and have passed the pre-clinical stages but there still exists no guarantee for these to come into effect. The current treatments that are being used for COVID-19 patients are not well established and have shown limited success.

CONCLUSION: The pandemic has challenged the medical, economic, and public health infrastructure across the globe. There is an urgent need to explore all available and possible methods/ approaches to study this disease for drug and vaccine development at the earliest.},
}

*COVID-19/therapy
COVID-19 Testing
Humans
Immunization, Passive
Patents as Topic
SARS-CoV-2
*Vaccines

@article {pmid35609781,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, MK and Nimarko, A and Bruno, J and Anand, KJS and Singh, SP},
title = {Can Translational Social Neuroscience Research offer Insights to Mitigate Structural Racism in America?.},
journal = {Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.05.005},
pmid = {35609781},
issn = {2451-9030},
abstract = {Social isolation and conflict due to structural racism may result in human suffering and loneliness across the lifespan. Given the rising prevalence of these problems in America, combined with disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the neurobiology of affiliative behaviors may offer practical solutions to the pressing challenges associated with structural racism. Controlled experiments across species demonstrate that social connections are critical to survival, although strengthening individual resilience is insufficient to address the magnitude and impact of structural racism. In contrast, the multi-level construct of social resilience, defined by the power of groups to cultivate, engage in, and sustain positive relationships that endure and recuperate from social adversities, offers unique insights that may have greater impact, reach, and durability than individual-level interventions. Here, we review the putative social resilience-enhancing interventions and, when available, their biological mediators, with the hope to stimulate discovery of novel approaches to mitigate structural racism. We will first explore the social neuroscience principles underlying psychotherapy and other psychiatric interventions. Then, we will explore translational efforts across species to tailor treatments that increase social resilience, with context and cultural sensitivity in mind. Finally, we will conclude with some practical future directions for understudied areas that may be essential for progress in biological psychiatry, including ethical ways to increase representation in research and developing social paradigms that inform dynamics toward or away from socially resilient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid35609743,
year = {2022},
author = {Han, J and Kyu Lee, M and Jang, Y and Cho, WJ and Kim, M},
title = {Repurposing of cyclophilin A inhibitors as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.},
journal = {Drug discovery today},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.016},
pmid = {35609743},
issn = {1878-5832},
abstract = {Cyclophilin A (CypA) is linked to diverse human diseases including viral infections. With the worldwide emergence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drug repurposing has been highlighted as a strategy with the potential to speed up antiviral development. Because CypA acts as a proviral component in hepatitis C virus, coronavirus and HIV, its inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for these infections. Here, we review the structure of cyclosporin A and sanglifehrin A analogs as well as synthetic micromolecules inhibiting CypA; and we discuss their broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy in the context of the virus lifecycle.},
}

@article {pmid35609530,
year = {2022},
author = {Saavedra, JM},
title = {The Changing Landscape of Children's Diet and Nutrition: New Threats, New Opportunities.},
journal = {Annals of nutrition & metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1159/000524328},
pmid = {35609530},
issn = {1421-9697},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the last 30-40 years, we have seen an improvement in global child undernutrition, with major reductions in wasting and stunting. Meanwhile, childhood obesity has dramatically increased, initially in high-income populations and subsequently in the more economically vulnerable. These trends are related to significant changes in diet and external factors, including new environmental threats.

SUMMARY: Obesity rates first increased in older children, then gradually in infants. And in the next couple of years, there will be more overweight and obese than moderately or severely underweight children in the world. The changes in childhood nutritional landscape are a result of poor diets. Today, almost 50% of the world's population consumes either too many or too few calories. Dietary disparities between countries result in disparities of under- and overnutrition and impact the global health landscape. Most children with obesity, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies live in lower income countries and in lower income families within any country. High energy-low nutrient diets are contributing to the increase in non-communicable diseases, which will manifest later in this generation of children. In 1990, child wasting was the #1 leading risk factor for mortality for all ages, and high BMI was #16; today, they are #11 and #5, respectively. COVID-19 and climate change are new major threats to global nutrition. Current and future efforts to improve the state of child nutrition require multisectoral approaches to reprioritize actions which address current trends and emerging threats.},
}

@article {pmid35608994,
year = {2022},
author = {Jörgensen, E and Koller, D and Raman, S and Olatunya, O and Asemota, O and Ekpenyong, BN and Gunnlaugsson, G and Okolo, A},
title = {The voices of children and young people during COVID-19: A critical review of methods.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apa.16422},
pmid = {35608994},
issn = {1651-2227},
abstract = {AIM: Critically review research methods used to elicit children and young people's views and experiences in the first year of COVID-19, using an ethical and child rights lens.

METHODS: Systematic search of peer-reviewed literature on children and young people's perspectives and experiences of COVID-19. LEGEND (Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision) tools were applied to assess the quality of included studies. The critical review methodology addressed four ethical parameters: 1) Duty of care; 2) Children and young people's consent; 3) Communication of findings; and 4) Reflexivity.

RESULTS: Two phases of searches identified 8,131 studies; 27 studies were included for final analysis, representing 43,877 children and young people's views. Most studies were from high-income countries. Three major themes emerged: a) Whose voices are heard; b) How are children and young people heard, and c) How do researchers engage in reflexivity and ethical practice? Online surveys of children and young people from middle-class backgrounds dominated the research during COVID-19. Three studies actively involved children and young people in the research process; two documented a rights-based framework. There was limited attention paid to some ethical issues, particularly the lack of inclusion of children and young people in research processes.

CONCLUSION: There are equity gaps in accessing the experiences of children and young people from disadvantaged settings. Most children and young people were not involved in shaping research methods by soliciting their voices.},
}

@article {pmid35608740,
year = {2022},
author = {Burtchell, J and Clemmons, D and Clemmons, J and Sabutis, T and Rosenberg, A and Graves, J and Sweeney, ML and Kramer, J and Ziehn, M and Brown, B and Weiss, JL and Obeidat, AZ},
title = {A Targeted Literature Search and Phenomenological Review of Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthcare Professionals of the Immunology of Disease-Modifying Therapies.},
journal = {Neurology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35608740},
issn = {2193-8253},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex and involve an interplay of immune system components. People with MS (PwMS) may lack a clear understanding of the immunological pathways involved in MS and its treatment; effective communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PwMS is needed to facilitate shared decision-making when discussing the disease and selecting DMTs and is particularly important in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.

METHODS: In this patient-authored two-part review, we performed a targeted literature search to assess the need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS regarding treatment selection, and also conducted a qualitative survey of four patient and care-partner authors to obtain insights regarding their understanding of and preferences for the treatment and management of MS.

RESULTS: Following a search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases using Ovid in June 2020, an analysis of 40 journal articles and conference abstracts relating to patient empowerment and decision-making in DMT selection for MS showed a preference for safety and efficacy of treatments, followed by autonomy and convenience of administration. A need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS during treatment selection to improve patient satisfaction was also identified. The open survey responses from the patient authors revealed a need for greater involvement in decision-making processes and desire for improved communication and information tools.

CONCLUSIONS: This targeted literature search and phenomenological review confirms PwMS preferences for empowered decision-making in disease management and treatment selection, to optimize independence, safety, and efficacy. It also identifies an unmet need for improved communication and information tools that convey MS information in a relatable manner. Furthermore, this review seeks to address this unmet need by providing plain language figures and descriptions of MS immune mechanisms that can be used to facilitate discussions between HCPs and PwMS.},
}

@article {pmid35608715,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and El-Bouseary, MM and Sonbol, FI and Batiha, GE},
title = {Hyperviscosity syndrome in COVID-19 and related vaccines: exploring of uncertainties.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35608715},
issn = {1591-9528},
abstract = {Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) recently emerged as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the objectives of this critical review are to establish the association between COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines with the development of HVS. HVS may develop in various viral infections due to impairment of humoral and cellular immunity with elevation of immunoglobulins. COVID-19 can increase blood viscosity (BV) through modulation of fibrinogen, albumin, lipoproteins, and red blood cell (RBC) indices. HVS can cause cardiovascular and neurological complications in COVID-19 like myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. HVS with or without abnormal RBCs function in COVID-19 participates in the reduction of tissue oxygenation with the development of cardio-metabolic complications and long COVID-19. Besides, HVS may develop in vaccine recipients with previous COVID-19 due to higher underlying Ig concentrations and rarely without previous COVID-19. Similarly, patients with metabolic syndrome are at the highest risk for propagation of HVS after COVID-19 vaccination. In conclusion, COVID-19 and related vaccines are linked with the development of HVS, mainly in patients with previous COVID-19 and underlying metabolic derangements. The possible mechanism of HVS in COVID-19 and related vaccines is increasing levels of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. However, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions are regarded as additional contributing factors in the pathogenesis of HVS in COVID-19. However, this critical review cannot determine the final causal relationship between COVID-19 and related vaccines and the development of HVS. Prospective and retrospective studies are warranted in this field.},
}

@article {pmid35608704,
year = {2022},
author = {Sezer, A and Halilović-Alihodžić, M and Vanwieren, AR and Smajkan, A and Karić, A and Djedović, H and Šutković, J},
title = {A review on drug repurposing in COVID-19: from antiviral drugs to herbal alternatives.},
journal = {Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {35608704},
issn = {2090-5920},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Due to its rapid spread, in March 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared pandemic. Since the outbreak of pandemic many governments, scientists, and institutions started to work on new vaccines and finding of new and repurposing drugs. Drug repurposing is an excellent option for discovery of already used drugs, effective against COVID-19, lowering the cost of production, and shortening the period of delivery, especially when preclinical safety studies have already been performed. There are many approved drugs that showed significant results against COVID-19, like ivermectin and hydrochloroquine, including alternative treatment options against COVID-19, utilizing herbal medicine.

SHORT CONCLUSION: This article summarized 11 repurposing drugs, their positive and negative health implications, along with traditional herbal alternatives, that harvest strong potential in efficient treatments options against COVID-19, with small or no significant side effects. Out of 11 repurposing drugs, four drugs are in status of emergency approval, most of them being in phase IV clinical trials. The first repurposing drug approved for clinical usage is remdesivir, whereas chloroquine and hydrochloroquine approval for emergency use was revoked by FDA for COVID-19 treatment in June 2020.},
}

@article {pmid35607835,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, Y and Jiang, L and Liu, Y and Liu, L and Wang, J and Shi, L},
title = {Long non-coding RNAs in virus-related cancers.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2364},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2364},
pmid = {35607835},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {//Lanzhou University is bounded by Central Double First-Class Universities Construction Fund Reference 561121202./ ; },
abstract = {Some viral infections lead to tumourigenesis explained by a variety of underlying molecular mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the potential to be added to this list due to their diverse mechanisms in biological functions and disease processes via gene alternation, transcriptional regulation, protein modification, microRNA sponging and interaction with RNA/DNA/proteins. In this review, we summarise the dysregulation and mechanism of lncRNAs in virus-related cancers focussing on Hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Human Papillomavirus. We will also discuss the potential implications of lncRNAs in COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid35607591,
year = {2022},
author = {Tyrväinen, O and Karjaluoto, H},
title = {Online grocery shopping before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analytical review.},
journal = {Telematics and informatics},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {101839},
doi = {10.1016/j.tele.2022.101839},
pmid = {35607591},
issn = {1879-324X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to limit their physical interactions, which has led to explosive growth in online grocery shopping. However, there is no clear consensus in the retailing literature on whether consumers prefer to buy groceries online. The objective of this current study is to synthesize research about online grocery shopping published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop a conceptual framework about online grocery purchase intentions and their determinants, the mediation effects of consumers' attitudes, the moderating effects of COVID-19, and control variables. The meta-analysis presents data derived from 50 independent samples with a sample size of 20,538 respondents. Selected determinants were identified as triggers for online grocery purchase intentions, and perceived usefulness and consumer attitude were identified as important mediators between determinants and intentions. The findings clarify the mechanisms behind the increase in online grocery shopping during the pandemic by presenting a decrease in the importance of its strongest determinants (i.e., perceived usefulness and attitude). Based on these findings, we present contributions to theory, managerial implications, and future research directions.},
}

@article {pmid35607586,
year = {2022},
author = {Satnarine, T and Lee Kin, CM},
title = {A Review of Virtual Medical Student Rotations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Their Role, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Future Prospects.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e24280},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24280},
pmid = {35607586},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the pause of medical clinical rotations. As a result, virtual rotations were implemented. These are a form of remote learning that seeks to mimic the clinical learning environment that students were already accustomed to. This article seeks to review the published literature to explore which specialties adapted this format, what are the advantages and disadvantages observed, determine what were the responsibilities and involvements of students participating in these rotations, how well these rotations substituted for in-person rotations, and to evaluate if there is a continued role for them after, outside of COVID-19. Virtual rotations have been developed in almost every specialty. These rotations have been developed from small centers to large universities, and are widespread throughout the United States, and in other countries as well. These rotations are targeted toward medical students, medical residents, and physician assistants and range in length from one to four weeks. Responsibilities and scope of interaction varied according to rotation; some rotations allowed patient interaction, and observation of procedures and surgeries, whereas some were purely didactic. A mixture of inpatient and outpatient involvements was seen. Advantages included saving money and time, more flexibility, increased diversity, and participation of international medical graduates. Virtual rotations participants have been invited for interviews at the participating institution's residency programs and have matched there. Disadvantages included lack of assessment of practical skills, inability to receive credit, and inability to obtain a letter of recommendation. Virtual rotations have proven to be a good substitute for in-person rotations, with most medical students seeing a need for the rotations in the future. Due to widespread development and acceptance of these rotations, it is likely that these rotations will continue.},
}

@article {pmid35607407,
year = {2022},
author = {Federico, M},
title = {Biological and Immune Responses to Current Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines beyond Anti-Spike Antibody Production.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {4028577},
doi = {10.1155/2022/4028577},
pmid = {35607407},
issn = {2314-7156},
abstract = {Several vaccine strategies are now available to fight the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Those based on the administration of lipid-complexed messenger(m)RNA molecules represent the last frontiers in terms of technology innovation. mRNA molecules coding for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein are intramuscularly injected, thereby entering cells by virtue of their encapsulation into synthetic lipid nanovesicles. mRNA-targeted cells express the Spike protein on their plasma membrane in a way that it can be sensed by the immune system, which reacts generating anti-Spike antibodies. Although this class of vaccines appears as the most effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, their safety and efficiency are challenged by several factors included, but not limited to the following: emergence of viral variants, lack of adequate pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies, inability to protect oral mucosa from infection, and antibody waning. Emergence of viral variants can be a consequence of mass vaccination carried out in a pandemic time using suboptimal vaccines against an RNA virus. On the other hand, understanding the remainder flaws could be of some help in designing next generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this commentary, issues regarding the fate of injected mRNA, the tissue distribution of the induced antiviral antibodies, and the generation of memory B cells are discussed. Careful evaluation of both experimental and clinical observations on these key aspects should be taken into account before planning booster administration, vaccination to non-at-risk population, and social restrictions.},
}

@article {pmid35607386,
year = {2022},
author = {ElSawi, HA and Elborollosy, A},
title = {Immune-mediated adverse events post-COVID vaccination and types of vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Egyptian journal of internal medicine},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
doi = {10.1186/s43162-022-00129-5},
pmid = {35607386},
issn = {1110-7782},
abstract = {Background: In late 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 has been declared as a global emergency by World Health Organization. Hopefully, recent reports of effective and safe vaccines were welcomed, and approved on emergency base. Millions of recipients had received one of the approved COVID 19 vaccines, with lots of adverse events recorded global wide.

Objective: To assess post-COVID vaccination immune-mediated adverse events and evaluate its association to specific type of vaccine global wide.

Methods: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of published reports (since December 2020 till December 2021) on immune-mediated adverse events post-COVID vaccination.

Results: We evaluated 34 published studies; 460 cases with various adverse events post-COVID vaccination. Studies in current literature are primarily retrospective case series, isolated case reports or narrative studies. Different COVID vaccines were involved. Results' data was subcategorized according to associated vaccine. Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccinations included thrombotic, neurological, myocarditis, ocular, dermatological, renal, hematological events timely linked to inoculation. Each vaccine type was linked to adverse profile that differ from others.

Conclusion: High suspicion of post-vaccination adverse events is mandatory to provoke earlier detection, better understanding, optimum prevention, and management. Specific vaccine/patient risk profile is needed to selectively categorize target population to reduce morbidity and mortality post-vaccination.},
}

@article {pmid35606656,
year = {2022},
author = {Hellwig, S and Domschke, K},
title = {[Post-COVID syndrome-Focus fatigue].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606656},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {The World Health Organization (WHO) defines post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a condition which occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, lasts for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Core symptoms of post-COVID syndrome are fatigue, dyspnea and cognitive dysfunction, which have an impact on everyday functional level. Neuropsychiatric late sequelae are common in COVID-19 patients, with incidence rates over 30%. Beside the abovementioned core symptoms, sleep disorders, depression and anxiety show increased incidences. According to current opinion, associated neuropsychiatric symptoms are subsumed under the term post-COVID syndrome but are also interpreted as comorbidities, which can promote the manifestation of a post-COVID syndrome. The key symptom fatigue shows symptom overlapping and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate an organic correlate of fatigue in post-COVID patients. Furthermore, psychosocial aspects and psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety disorders as modulating and therefore potentially treatable factors were identified. Treatment of fatigue consists of pharmacological management with stimulants and antidepressants as well as nonpharmacological strategies, most notably cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise-focused interventions. The evidence for this comes from meta-analyses of tumor-associated or post-viral fatigue.},
}

@article {pmid35606652,
year = {2022},
author = {Jt, S and M, H and Wam, B and Ac, B and Sa, N},
title = {Adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy applications: a clinical and industry perspective.},
journal = {Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606652},
issn = {1432-1440},
support = {PG/17/17/32877/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; RE/18/6/34217/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Despite the development of novel pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality remain high indicating an unmet clinical need. Viral gene therapy enables targeted delivery of therapeutic transgenes and represents an attractive platform for tackling acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases in the future. Current cardiovascular gene therapy trials in humans mainly focus on improving cardiac angiogenesis and function. Encouragingly, local delivery of therapeutic transgenes utilising first-generation human adenovirus serotype (HAd)-5 is safe in the short term and has shown some efficacy in drug refractory angina pectoris and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite this success, systemic delivery of therapeutic HAd-5 vectors targeting cardiovascular tissues and internal organs is limited by negligible gene transfer to target cells, elimination by the immune system, liver sequestration, off-target effects, and episomal degradation. To circumvent these barriers, cardiovascular gene therapy research has focused on determining the safety and efficacy of rare alternative serotypes and/or genetically engineered adenoviral capsid protein-modified vectors following local or systemic delivery. Pre-clinical studies have identified several vectors including HAd-11, HAd-35, and HAd-20-42-42 as promising platforms for local and systemic targeting of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the past, clinical gene therapy trials were often restricted by limited scale-up capabilities of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) and lack of regulatory guidance. However, significant improvement of industrial GTMP scale-up and purification, development of novel producer cell lines, and issuing of GTMP regulatory guidance by national regulatory health agencies have addressed many of these challenges, creating a more robust framework for future adenoviral-based cardiovascular gene therapy. In addition, this has enabled the mass roll out of adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. KEY MESSAGES: First-generation HAd-5 vectors are widely used in cardiovascular gene therapy. HAd-5-based gene therapy was shown to lead to cardiac angiogenesis and improved function. Novel HAd vectors may represent promising transgene carriers for systemic delivery. Novel methods allow industrial scale-up of rare/genetically altered Ad serotypes. National regulatory health agencies have issued guidance on GMP for GTMPs.},
}

@article {pmid35606604,
year = {2022},
author = {Mabrouk, DM},
title = {Antimicrobial peptides: features, applications and the potential use against covid-19.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606604},
issn = {1573-4978},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of molecules that represent a vital part of innate immunity. AMPs are evolutionarily conserved molecules that exhibit structural and functional diversity. They provide a possible solution to the antibiotic-resistance crisis.

MAIN TEXT: These small cationic peptides can target bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as cancer cells. Their unique action mechanisms, rare antibiotic-resistant variants, broad-spectrum activity, low toxicity, and high specificity encourage pharmaceutical industries to conduct clinical trials to develop them as therapeutic drugs. The rapid development of computer-assisted strategies accelerated the identification of AMPs. The Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) so far contains 3324 AMPs from different sources. In addition to their applications in different fields, some AMPs demonstrated the potential to combat COVID-19, and hinder viral infectivity in diverse ways.

CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a brief history of AMPs and their features, including classification, evolution, sources and mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathway, and identification techniques. Furthermore, their different applications, challenges to clinical applications, and their potential use against COVID-19 are presented.},
}

@article {pmid35603256,
year = {2021},
author = {Ghotbi, T and Salami, J and Kalteh, EA and Ghelichi-Ghojogh, M},
title = {Self-management of patients with chronic diseases during COVID19: a narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {E814-E821},
pmid = {35603256},
issn = {2421-4248},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Self-Management ; },
abstract = {Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the self-management of patients with chronic disease all over the world. The present study COVID-19 is a review to investigate the chronic patient self-management challenges during the corona epidemic, and providing solutions to solve this problem.

Methods: The relevant literature on chronic patient self-management is investigated (from March 2019 to Jan 2021). Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer were used to search articles from the Latin articles. Also, keywords in this study included self-management, chronic disease, COVID-19. Finally, 26 relevant articles were used in this study.

Results: Studies assessed the effective role of self-management in control and prevention of complications of chronic diseases and the challenges related to self-management programs during COVID-19, in addition the role of the health team in patients' self-management during the corona epidemics.

Conclusion: the main challenges for chronic patients during the COVID-19 include decreased healthcare service and regular follow-ups because of physical restrictions; economic problems, change in lifestyle, and lack of rapid compliance with the changes. In this regard, the health team should provide the best healthcare services using the available resources to reduce suffer and pain of the patients.},
}

*COVID-19
Chronic Disease
Humans
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Self-Management

@article {pmid35598032,
year = {2022},
author = {Floridia, M and Giuliano, M and Monaco, M and Palmieri, L and Lo Noce, C and Palamara, AT and Pantosti, A and Brusaferro, S and Onder, G and , },
title = {Microbiologically confirmed infections and antibiotic-resistance in a national surveillance study of hospitalised patients who died with COVID-19, Italy 2020-2021.},
journal = {Antimicrobial resistance and infection control},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {74},
pmid = {35598032},
issn = {2047-2994},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacteria ; *COVID-19 ; Carbapenems ; *Coinfection/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalised for COVID-19 may present with or acquire bacterial or fungal infections that can affect the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed infections in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19.

METHODS: We reviewed the hospital charts of a sample of patients deceased with COVID-19 from the Italian National COVID-19 Surveillance, who had laboratory-confirmed bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI) or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), evaluating the pathogens responsible for the infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.

RESULTS: Among 157 patients with infections hospitalised from February 2020 to April 2021, 28 (17.8%) had co-infections (≤ 48 h from admission) and 138 (87.9%) had secondary infections (> 48 h). Most infections were bacterial; LRTI were more frequent than BSI. The most common co-infection was pneumococcal LRTI. In secondary infections, Enterococci were the most frequently recovered pathogens in BSI (21.7% of patients), followed by Enterobacterales, mainly K. pneumoniae, while LRTI were mostly associated with Gram-negative bacteria, firstly Enterobacterales (27.4% of patients, K. pneumoniae 15.3%), followed by A. baumannii (19.1%). Fungal infections, both BSI and LRTI, were mostly due to C. albicans. Antibiotic resistance rates were extremely high in Gram-negative bacteria, with almost all A. baumannii isolates resistant to carbapenems (95.5%), and K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa showing carbapenem resistance rates of 59.5% and 34.6%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19, secondary infections are considerably more common than co-infections, and are mostly due to Gram-negative bacterial pathogens showing a very high rate of antibiotic resistance.},
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Bacteria
*COVID-19
Carbapenems
*Coinfection/drug therapy/epidemiology
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Humans
Klebsiella pneumoniae
*Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy

@article {pmid35596571,
year = {2022},
author = {Healey, Q and Sheikh, A and Daines, L and Vasileiou, E},
title = {Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {05014},
doi = {10.7189/jogh.12.05014},
pmid = {35596571},
issn = {2047-2986},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/complications ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Background: Long COVID is defined as symptoms and signs related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that are present at least four weeks following acute infection. These symptoms and signs are poorly characterised but may be associated with significant morbidity. We sought to synthesise the evidence on their incidence to guide future research, policy and practice.

Methods: We searched Medline and Embase for longitudinal cohort studies from January 2020 to July 2021 that investigated adults with long COVID at least four weeks after acute infection. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with subgroup analysis by follow-up time (4-12 vs more than 12 weeks).

Results: 19 studies were included, 13 of which included patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The total sample size was 10 643 and the follow-up time ranged from 30 to 340 days. Risk of bias was assessed as high in one study, moderate in two studies and low in the remaining 16 studies. The most common symptoms and signs seen at any time point in long COVID were fatigue (37%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-55), dyspnoea (21%; 95% CI = 14-30), olfactory dysfunction (17%; 95% CI = 9-29), myalgia (12%; 95% CI = 5-25), cough (11%; 95% CI = 6-20) and gustatory dysfunction (10%; 95% CI = 7-17). High heterogeneity was seen for all meta-analyses and the presence of some funnel plot asymmetry may indicate reporting bias. No effect of follow-up time was found for any symptom or sign included in the subgroup analysis.

Conclusions: We have summarised evidence from longitudinal cohort studies on the most common symptoms and signs associated with long COVID. High heterogeneity seen in the meta-analysis means pooled incidence estimates should be interpreted with caution. This heterogeneity may be attributable to studies including patients from different health care settings and countries.},
}

Adult
*COVID-19/complications
Cohort Studies
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35594288,
year = {2022},
author = {Kim, H and Hughes, E and Cavanagh, A and Norris, E and Gao, A and Bondy, SJ and McLeod, KE and Kanagalingam, T and Kouyoumdjian, FG},
title = {The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e0268866},
pmid = {35594288},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prisons ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment.

DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021. We reviewed reference lists for included studies.

STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Original research conducted in or after December 2019 on health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults in prisons or within three months of release.

We used the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data for quantitative studies. We qualitized quantitative data and extracted qualitative data, coded data, and collated similar data into categories.

RESULTS: We identified 62 studies. People in prisons had disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mortality. During the pandemic, all-cause mortality worsened, access to health care and other services worsened, and there were major impacts on mental wellbeing and on relationships with family and staff. There was limited evidence regarding key primary and secondary prevention strategies.

LIMITATIONS: Our search was limited to databases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, more evidence will emerge.

CONCLUSIONS: Prisons and people who experience imprisonment should be prioritized for COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, and an explicit focus on prisons is needed for ongoing public health work including emergency preparedness.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: 239324.},
}

Adult
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Humans
Pandemics
Prisons
Qualitative Research

@article {pmid35594025,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, X and Zhang, R and Li, X and Dadashova, B and Zhu, L and Zhang, K and Li, Y and Shen, B},
title = {Health-Based Geographic Information Systems for Mapping and Risk Modeling of Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 to Support Spatial Decision-Making.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1368},
number = {},
pages = {167-188},
pmid = {35594025},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Infectious diseases remain an essential global challenge in public health. For instance, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in significant negative impacts on public health, infecting more than 214 million people and causing 4.47 million deaths worldwide as of August 2021. Geographic Information Systems have played an essential role in managing, storing, analyzing, and mapping disease and related risk information. This article provides an overview of a broad topic on applications of GIS into infectious disease research. Our review follows the framework of human-environment interactions, focusing on the environmental and social factors that cause the disease outbreak and the role of humans in disease control, including public health policies and interventions such as social distancing/face covering practice and mobility modeling. The work identifies key spatial decision-making issues where GIS becomes valued in the agenda for infectious disease research and highlights the importance of adopting science-based policies to protect the public during the current and future pandemics.},
}

*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology
Geographic Information Systems
Humans
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35592082,
year = {2022},
author = {Gadermann, A and Thomson, K and Gill, R and Schonert-Reichl, KA and Gagné Petteni, M and Guhn, M and Warren, MT and Oberle, E},
title = {Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {823303},
pmid = {35592082},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; },
abstract = {Background: Early adolescence is a time of psychological and social change that can coincide with declines in mental health and well-being. This study investigated the psychological and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of students who responded to a survey in Grades 7 and 8 (ages 12-14) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide an overview on early adolescents' experiences and social-emotional well-being during the pandemic; and (ii) to examine whether changes in social experiences as well as feeling safe from getting COVID-19 at school were associated with changes in well-being outcomes over the course of a year.

Methods: A sample of n = 1,755 students from a large public school district self-reported on their life satisfaction, optimism, and symptoms of sadness across two time points: First, in their Grade 7 year (pre-pandemic; January to March, 2020) and then 1 year later in their Grade 8 year (during the pandemic; January to March, 2021). In Grade 8, students also reported on pandemic-specific experiences, including changes in mental health, social relationships, and activities, as well as coping strategies and positive changes since the pandemic. Data were collected online using the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI), a population-based self-report tool that assesses children's social-emotional development and well-being in the context of their home, school, and neighborhood. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between pandemic-related changes in relationships and perceived safety from getting COVID-19 at school with changes in well-being outcomes.

Results: Students reported a range of experiences, with a large proportion reporting moderate concerns and impacts of the pandemic, including worries about their mental health and missing school activities. Students reported significantly lower optimism, lower life satisfaction, and higher sadness compared to the previous year. Within the sample, improvements in relationships with parents and other adults at home was associated with higher well-being during the pandemic.

Implications: Results from this study can inform decision making of policy-makers, educators, and practitioners working with youth, by providing information on students' experiences during the pandemic and identifying factors that may be protective for students' mental health during and beyond the pandemic.},
}

Adolescent
Adult
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Child
Humans
Mental Health
Pandemics
Schools
Students/psychology

@article {pmid35588440,
year = {2022},
author = {Ferrari, E and Gargani, L and Barbieri, G and Ghiadoni, L and Faita, F and Bacciu, D},
title = {A causal learning framework for the analysis and interpretation of COVID-19 clinical data.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e0268327},
pmid = {35588440},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; *COVID-19 ; Causality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; },
abstract = {We present a workflow for clinical data analysis that relies on Bayesian Structure Learning (BSL), an unsupervised learning approach, robust to noise and biases, that allows to incorporate prior medical knowledge into the learning process and that provides explainable results in the form of a graph showing the causal connections among the analyzed features. The workflow consists in a multi-step approach that goes from identifying the main causes of patient's outcome through BSL, to the realization of a tool suitable for clinical practice, based on a Binary Decision Tree (BDT), to recognize patients at high-risk with information available already at hospital admission time. We evaluate our approach on a feature-rich dataset of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), showing that the proposed framework provides a schematic overview of the multi-factorial processes that jointly contribute to the outcome. We compare our findings with current literature on COVID-19, showing that this approach allows to re-discover established cause-effect relationships about the disease. Further, our approach yields to a highly interpretable tool correctly predicting the outcome of 85% of subjects based exclusively on 3 features: age, a previous history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the time of arrival to the hospital. The inclusion of additional information from 4 routine blood tests (Creatinine, Glucose, pO2 and Sodium) increases predictive accuracy to 94.5%.},
}

Bayes Theorem
*COVID-19
Causality
Hospitalization
Humans

@article {pmid35427282,
year = {2022},
author = {Lotan, I and Lydston, M and Levy, M},
title = {Neuro-Ophthalmological Complications of the COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {154-162},
doi = {10.1097/WNO.0000000000001537},
pmid = {35427282},
issn = {1536-5166},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A worldwide mass vaccination campaign against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently underway. Although the safety data of the clinical trials did not report specific concerns regarding neuro-ophthalmological adverse events, they involved a limited number of individuals and were conducted over a relatively short time. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available postmarketing data regarding the occurrence of neuro-ophthalmological and other ocular complications of the COVID-19 vaccines.

EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Electronic searches for published literature were conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search strategy incorporated controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for the concepts of COVID, vaccines, and visual and neuro-ophthalmologic diseases and symptoms.

RESULTS: A total of 14 case reports and 2 case series have been selected for inclusion in the final report, reporting 76 cases of post-COVID-vaccination adverse events. The most common adverse event was optic neuritis (n = 61), followed by uveitis (n = 3), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (n = 2), acute macular neuroretinopathy (n = 2), optic disc edema as an atypical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), (arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; n = 1), abducens nerve palsy (n = 1), oculomotor nerve palsy (n = 1), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (n = 1), central serous retinopathy (n = 1), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (n = 1), and bilateral choroiditis (n = 1). Most cases were treated with high-dose steroids and had a favorable clinical outcome.

CONCLUSION: Since the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the past year, several post-COVID-vaccination neuro-ophthalmological complications have been described. However, considering the number of individuals that have been exposed to the vaccines, the risk seems very low, and the clinical outcome in most cases is favorable. Therefore, on a population level, the benefits of the vaccines far outweigh the risk of neuro-ophthalmological complications.},
}

*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus
Humans
Pandemics
Systematic Reviews as Topic

@article {pmid35367477,
year = {2022},
author = {Kim, D and Han, S and Ji, Y and Moon, S and Nam, H and Lee, JB},
title = {Multimeric RNAs for efficient RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {770-785},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.052},
pmid = {35367477},
issn = {1873-4995},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; RNA/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {There has been a growing interest in RNA therapeutics globally, and much progress has been made in this area, which has been further accelerated by the clinical applications of RNA-based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following these successful clinical trials, various technologies have been developed to improve the efficacy of RNA-based drugs. Multimerization of RNA therapeutics is one of the most attractive approaches to ensure high stability, high efficacy, and prolonged action of RNA-based drugs. In this review, we offer an overview of the representative approaches for generating repetitive functional RNAs by chemical conjugation, structural self-assembly, enzymatic elongation, and self-amplification. The therapeutic and vaccine applications of engineered multimeric RNAs in various diseases have also been summarized. By outlining the current status of multimeric RNAs, the potential of multimeric RNA as a promising treatment strategy is highlighted.},
}

*COVID-19/prevention & control
Humans
RNA/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
*Vaccines

@article {pmid35337940,
year = {2022},
author = {Shi, J and Huang, MW and Lu, ZD and Du, XJ and Shen, S and Xu, CF and Wang, J},
title = {Delivery of mRNA for regulating functions of immune cells.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {494-511},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.033},
pmid = {35337940},
issn = {1873-4995},
mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Liposomes ; *Nanoparticles ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {Abnormal immune cell functions are commonly related to various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy can regulate the functions of immune cells or assign new functions to immune cells, thereby generating therapeutic immune responses to treat these diseases. However, mRNA is unstable in physiological environments and can hardly enter the cytoplasm of target cells; thus, effective mRNA delivery systems are critical for developing mRNA therapy. The two mRNA vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have demonstrated that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can deliver mRNA into dendritic cells (DCs) to induce immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which opened the floodgates to the development of mRNA therapy. Apart from DCs, other immune cells are promising targets for mRNA therapy. This review summarized the barriers to mRNA delivery and advances in mRNA delivery for regulating the functions of different immune cells.},
}

*COVID-19/therapy
COVID-19 Vaccines
Humans
Liposomes
*Nanoparticles
RNA, Messenger/genetics
SARS-CoV-2/genetics

@article {pmid35169400,
year = {2022},
author = {Vitte, J and Gonzalez, C and Klingebiel, C and Michel, M},
title = {Tryptase and anaphylaxis: The case for systematic paired samples in all settings, from the playground to the COVID-19 vaccination center.},
journal = {Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009)},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {287-288},
doi = {10.1016/j.reval.2022.02.218},
pmid = {35169400},
issn = {1877-0312},
}

@article {pmid35130194,
year = {2022},
author = {Nwokolo, OO and Coombs, AAT and Eltzschig, HK and Butterworth, JF},
title = {Diversity and Inclusion in Anesthesiology.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {134},
number = {6},
pages = {1166-1174},
doi = {10.1213/ANE.0000000000005941},
pmid = {35130194},
issn = {1526-7598},
mesh = {*Anesthesiology ; *COVID-19 ; Cultural Diversity ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {In today's world, departments of anesthesiology and professional organizations are rightfully expected to have racial, ethnic, and gender diversity. Diversity and inclusiveness are considered important contributors to an effective and collaborative work environment by promoting excellence in patient care, education, and research. This has been re-emphasized in the racial reckoning in the summer of 2020, and the ongoing health care disparities manifested by the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, the negative consequences of a lack of diversity and inclusion in health care have been shown to impact recruitment, retention, and the economic well-being of academic departments. In the present article, we review the current state of diversity in anesthesiology departments and professional organizations in the United States. We discuss strategies and important approaches to further enhance diversity to promote an inclusive perioperative work environment.},
}

*Anesthesiology
*COVID-19
Cultural Diversity
Healthcare Disparities
Humans
Minority Groups
United States/epidemiology

@article {pmid35063599,
year = {2022},
author = {Spigaglia, P},
title = {Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Anaerobe},
volume = {74},
number = {},
pages = {102518},
doi = {10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102518},
pmid = {35063599},
issn = {1095-8274},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Clostridioides difficile ; *Clostridium Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically tested healthcare systems around the world, with serious repercussions on the measures of prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Among HAIs, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents one of the most important global public health threats. Although the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CDI remains undetermined, depending on the development of the pandemic in the coming months, in this review literature studies of the last three years have been considered in order to depict the current situation, and make some considerations about possible future developments. If on the one hand, a general reduction in CDI incidence has been reported in several settings, mainly due to the extraordinary reinforcement of infection prevention measures, on the other hand, the critical circumstances experienced in many hospitals have limited the effectiveness of these measures, particularly in the intensive care units (ICUs), increasing the possibility of the occurrence of hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI). New concerns have arisen from the decrease in C. difficile testing and the increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics reported during the pandemic. In particular, overuse of antibiotics and disinfectants may lead to a selection of resistant C. difficile strains not only in hospitals but also in the community. Furthermore, patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patients that have survived COVID-19 may represent a new group of frail patients potentially at a higher risk of CDI, a group that could potentially increase in size due to SARS-CoV-2 evolution. In the dramatic COVID-19 era, the multifactorial nature of CDI has emerged more clearly than before, highlighting the necessity of a strong refocus on efforts to improve prevention strategies and to integrate CDI surveillance in a One Health prospective in order to curtail the public health threat posed by this infection in the next future.},
}

Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Clostridioides difficile
*Clostridium Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control
Humans
Pandemics
Prospective Studies
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35061080,
year = {2022},
author = {Grishina, A and Link, F and Arend, A and Kleemann, F and Tober-Lau, P and Andree, D and Münn, F and Gruendl, M and Quante, M and Lederhuber, H and Albertsmeier, M and Struller, F and Grützmann, R and Königsrainer, A and Löffler, MW},
title = {A survey among physicians in surgery and anesthesiology departments after the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany : Preparing for further challenges ahead.},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {134},
number = {9-10},
pages = {361-370},
pmid = {35061080},
issn = {1613-7671},
mesh = {*Anesthesiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Physicians ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic has extensively challenged healthcare systems all over the world. Many elective operations were postponed or cancelled, changing priorities and workflows in surgery departments.

AIMS: The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the workload and psychosocial burden of surgeons and anesthesiologists, working in German hospitals during the first wave of SARS-CoV‑2 infections in 2020.

METHODS: Quantitative online survey on the workplace situation including psychosocial and work-related stress factors among resident and board-certified surgeons and anesthesiologists. Physicians in German hospitals across all levels of healthcare were contacted via departments, professional associations and social media posts.

RESULTS: Among 154 total study participants, 54% of respondents stated a lack of personal protective equipment in their own wards and 56% reported increased staff shortages since the onset of the pandemic. While routine practice was reported as fully resumed in 71% of surgery departments at the time of the survey, work-related dissatisfaction among responding surgeons and anesthesiologists increased from 24% before the pandemic to 36% after the first wave of infections. As a countermeasure, 94% of participants deemed the establishment of action plans to increase pandemic preparedness and strengthening German public health systems a useful measure to respond to current challenges.

CONCLUSION: The aftermath of the first wave of SARS-CoV‑2 infections in Germany has left the surgical staff strained, despite temporarily decreased workloads. Overall, a critical review of the altered conditions is indispensable to identify and promote effective solutions and prudent action plans required to address imminent challenges.},
}

*Anesthesiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Germany/epidemiology
Humans
*Physicians
SARS-CoV-2
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid34974339,
year = {2022},
author = {Spiliopoulou, A and Kolonitsiou, F and Vrioni, G and Tsoupra, S and Lekkou, A and Paliogianni, F},
title = {Invasive Candida kefyr infection presenting as pyelonephritis in an ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patient: Case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal de mycologie medicale},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {101236},
doi = {10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101236},
pmid = {34974339},
issn = {1773-0449},
mesh = {Adult ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; Candida ; Candidiasis ; *Candidiasis, Invasive/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Fluconazole/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Kluyveromyces ; *Pyelonephritis/diagnosis/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Candida kefyr (Kluyveromyces marxianus), an ascomycetous environmental yeast, occasionally isolated from dairy products, represents an uncommon but emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we present a case of C. kefyr pyelonephritis in a 41-year-old, previously immunocompetent, patient who was hospitalized in an COVID-19 ICU. Pyelonephritis was associated with caliectasis and obstruction due to possible fungus ball formation. Predisposing factors included ICU stay, use of broad spectrum antibiotics and steroids, central venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation and urologic manipulation. Susceptibility testing revealed high MIC values to amphotericin B. Infection was effectively controlled by prolonged administration of fluconazole without further surgical intervention. COVID-19 complicated with invasive candidiasis is an increasingly observed clinical situation that warrants high suspicion index and careful evaluation of laboratory data.},
}

Adult
Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications
Candida
Candidiasis
*Candidiasis, Invasive/diagnosis/drug therapy
Fluconazole/therapeutic use
Humans
Intensive Care Units
Kluyveromyces
*Pyelonephritis/diagnosis/drug therapy

@article {pmid34735713,
year = {2022},
author = {Arjmand, B and Alavi-Moghadam, S and Parhizkar-Roudsari, P and Rezaei-Tavirani, M and Tayanloo-Beik, A and Goodarzi, P and Mehrdad, N and Mohamadi-Jahani, F and Larijani, B},
title = {Metabolomics Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1376},
number = {},
pages = {45-59},
pmid = {34735713},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Viruses ; },
abstract = {For a very long time, viral infections have been considered as one of the most important causes of death and disability around the world. Through the viral infection, viruses as small pathogens enter the host cells and use hosts' biosynthesis machinery to replicate and collect infectious lineages. Moreover, they can modify hosts' metabolic pathways in order to their own purposes. Nowadays (in 2019-2020), the most famous type of viral infection which was caused by a novel type of coronavirus is called COVID-19 disease. It has claimed the lives of many people around the world and is a very serious threat to health. Since investigations of the effects of viruses on host metabolism using metabolomics tools may have given focuses on novel appropriate treatments, in the current review the authors highlighted the virus-host metabolic interactions and metabolomics perspective in COVID-19.},
}

*COVID-19
*Communicable Diseases
Humans
Metabolomics
SARS-CoV-2
*Viruses

@article {pmid34735712,
year = {2022},
author = {Groppa, SA and Ciolac, D and Duarte, C and Garcia, C and Gasnaș, D and Leahu, P and Efremova, D and Gasnaș, A and Bălănuță, T and Mîrzac, D and Movila, A},
title = {Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pathogenicity on the Central Nervous System: Bridging Experimental Probes to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Interventions.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1376},
number = {},
pages = {1-27},
pmid = {34735712},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; *Nervous System Diseases ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virulence ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has dramatically impacted the global healthcare systems, constantly challenging both research and clinical practice. Although it was initially believed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited merely to the respiratory system, emerging evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects multiple other systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, most of the published clinical studies indicate that the confirmed CNS inflammatory manifestations in COVID-19 patients are meningitis, encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In addition, the neuroinflammation along with accelerated neurosenescence and susceptible genetic signatures in COVID-19 patients might prime the CNS to neurodegeneration and precipitate the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing published preclinical as well as clinical studies on the key molecular mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration induced by the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the essential age- and gender-dependent impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS of COVID-19 patients are also discussed.},
}

*COVID-19
Central Nervous System
Humans
*Nervous System Diseases
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
Virulence

@article {pmid34525908,
year = {2022},
author = {Zanza, C and Romenskaya, T and Thangathurai, D and Ojetti, V and Saviano, A and Abenavoli, L and Robba, C and Cammarota, G and Franceschi, F and Piccioni, A and Longhitano, Y},
title = {Microbiome in Critical Care: An Unconventional and Unknown Ally.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {18},
pages = {3179-3188},
doi = {10.2174/0929867328666210915115056},
pmid = {34525908},
issn = {1875-533X},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Dysbiosis ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The digestive tract represents an interface between the external environment and the body where the interaction of a complex polymicrobial ecology has an important influence on health and disease. The physiological mechanisms that are altered during hospitalization and in the intensive care unit (ICU) contribute to the pathobiota's growth. Intestinal dysbiosis occurs within hours of being admitted to ICU. This may be due to different factors, such as alterations of normal intestinal transit, administration of various medications, or alterations in the intestinal wall, which causes a cascade of events that will lead to the increase of nitrates and decrease of oxygen concentration, and the liberation of free radicals.

OBJECTIVE: This work aims to report the latest updates on the microbiota's contribution to developing sepsis in patients in the ICU department. In this short review, the latest scientific findings on the mechanisms of intestinal immune defenses performed both locally and systemically have been reviewed. Additionally, we considered it necessary to review the literature on the basis of the many studies carried out on the microbiota in the critically ill as a prevention to the spread of the infection in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review has been written to answer four main questions: 1- What are the main intestinal flora's defense mechanisms that help us to prevent the risk of developing systemic diseases? 2- What are the main Systemic Abnormalities of Dysbiosis? 3- What are the Modern Strategies Used in ICU to Prevent the Infection Spreading? 4- What is the Relationship between COVID-19 and Microbiota? We reviewed 72 articles using the combination of following keywords: "microbiota" and "microbiota" and "intensive care", "intensive care" and "gut", "critical illness", "microbiota" and "critical care", "microbiota" and "sepsis", "microbiota" and "infection", and "gastrointestinal immunity" in: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, Medline and Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid/Wiley. Moreover, we also consulted the site ClinicalTrials.com to find out studies that have been recently conducted or are currently ongoing.

RESULTS: The critical illness can alter intestinal bacterial flora leading to homeostasis disequilibrium. Despite numerous mechanisms, such as epithelial cells with calciform cells that together build a mechanical barrier for pathogenic bacteria, the presence of mucous associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which stimulates an immune response through the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and THN-a or or from the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes Thelper 2. But these defenses can be altered following hospitalization in ICU and lead to serious complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), health care associated pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), systemic infection and multiple organ failure (MOF), but also to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, the microbiota has a significant impact on the development of intestinal complications and the severity of the SARS-COVID-19 patients.

CONCLUSION: The microbiota is recognized as one of the important factors that can worsen the clinical conditions of patients who are already very frail in the intensive care unit. At the same time, the microbiota also plays a crucial role in the prevention of ICU-associated complications. By using the resources that are available, such as probiotics, synbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we can preserve the integrity of the microbiota and the GUT, which will later help maintain homeostasis in ICU patients.},
}

*COVID-19
Critical Care
Critical Illness
Dysbiosis
Humans
*Microbiota

@article {pmid34473613,
year = {2022},
author = {Damasceno, DHP and Amaral, AA and Silva, CA and Simões E Silva, AC},
title = {The Impact of Vaccination Worldwide on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Review on Vaccine Mechanisms, Results of Clinical Trials, Vaccinal Coverage and Interactions with Novel Variants.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {15},
pages = {2673-2690},
doi = {10.2174/0929867328666210902094254},
pmid = {34473613},
issn = {1875-533X},
support = {302153/2019-5//National Council of Research Development (CNPq)/ ; 002345/2019//Coordination of High Education Level Personnel (CAPES)/ ; FAPEMIG-CDS-APQ-02541-17//Foundation of Research of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG - CDS)/ ; },
mesh = {Ad26COVS1 ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global effort towards quickly developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.

OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to discuss the main vaccines available, their mechanisms of action, results of clinical trials, and epidemiological behavior. The implications of viral variants were also debated.

METHODS: A non-systematic literature review was performed between February and March 2021 by searching the Pubmed, Scopus, and SciELO databases, using different combinations of the following terms: "vaccines", "clinical trials" , "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19", "mechanisms of action". Data regarding clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and epidemiological information were also searched.

RESULTS: The mechanisms of action included vector-virus, mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines showed positive results in phases 2/3 clinical trials. The efficacy of the mRNA 1273 and of mRNA BNT 162b2 vaccines were 94.1% and 95%, respectively. The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine varied according to the scheme, with an overall value of 70.4%. The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6%. Regarding the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, 99% or more of seroconversion was observed in all subgroups 29 days after vaccination. The CoronaVac vaccine induced an immune response in 92% of the volunteers receiving 3ug and in 98% with 6ug, in comparison to 3% in the placebo group.

CONCLUSION: Global efforts have resulted in vaccines being available in record time, with good safety and immunogenicity profile. However, only long-term studies can provide more information on the duration of immunity and the need for additional doses.},
}

Ad26COVS1
*COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19
Humans
Pandemics
RNA, Messenger
SARS-CoV-2
Vaccination
Vaccines, Synthetic

@article {pmid34468301,
year = {2022},
author = {Kushkestani, M and Parvani, M and Kazemzadeh, Y},
title = {SARS-COV-2 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Possible Roles of Exercise Training as a Medicine.},
journal = {Current diabetes reviews},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.2174/1573399817666210901121824},
pmid = {34468301},
issn = {1875-6417},
mesh = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/therapy ; Exercise ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {SARS-COV-2 is the novel type of beta coronavirus that was first evolved in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. People with type 2 diabetes are the most vulnerable group to SARS-COV-2 and its associated complications. Many factors such as medication, pathophysiologic-induced compensatory mechanisms, and alterations in protein expression and immune system function can all contribute to severe outcomes in diabetics. In this review article, we first described the possible mechanisms of increased risk and more severe complications rate of SARS-COV-2 in diabetic patients. Secondly, we discussed the crucial role of exercise in diabetic patients in balancing the RAS system (ACE2/ACE). Finally, we examine the possible roles of acute and chronic exercise in reducing SARS-COV-2 severe outcomes in people with diabetes in accordance with the latest evidence. We concluded that regular exercise (especially moderate-intensity exercise) can play a role in immune- enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities and can balance the ACE2/ACE ratio (decreasing ANG2 levels) in diabetic subjects.},
}

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
*COVID-19/therapy
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/therapy
Exercise
Humans
Renin-Angiotensin System
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid34412526,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, MP and Rai, SN and Dubey, SK and Pandey, AT and Tabassum, N and Chaturvedi, VK and Singh, NB},
title = {Biomolecules of mushroom: a recipe of human wellness.},
journal = {Critical reviews in biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {913-930},
doi = {10.1080/07388551.2021.1964431},
pmid = {34412526},
issn = {1549-7801},
mesh = {*Agaricales/chemistry ; Antioxidants ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; *Malnutrition ; },
abstract = {The Indian system of medicine - Ayurveda says "When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no use". In this context, mushroom constitutes one of the major resources for nutraceuticals. Biomolecules of mushrooms have attracted the attention of researchers around the globe due to their proven healthy attributes. They have a plenitude of health-giving properties and these range from immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticholesterolic to antiarthritic activities.Mushrooms contain both primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites provide energy while the secondary metabolite exhibits medicinal properties. Hence, the mushroom can be a recipe for human wellness and will play a significant role in fighting COVID-19 pandemics and other infectious diseases.The key findings suggested in this paper refer to the exploration of health and the healing traits of biomolecules of mushrooms. This article reviews the current status of the medicinal attributes of mushrooms and their biomolecules in different diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, reproductive diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The global malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality among children under five and lactating women presents a frightening picture and also a black spot on the human face. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. Mushrooms as a rich source of bioactive compounds can be claimed as "Best from the Waste" since they grow on the most abundant organic wastes of the Earth, the lignocellulosic substrate, and 'Best of the Rest' because they are excellent nutraceutical resources.},
}

*Agaricales/chemistry
Antioxidants
*COVID-19
Child
Female
Humans
Lactation
*Malnutrition

@article {pmid34382513,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhavaniramya, S and Ramar, V and Vishnupriya, S and Palaniappan, R and Sibiya, A and Vaseeharan, B},
title = {Comprehensive Analysis of SARS-COV-2 Drug Targets and Pharmacological Aspects in Treating the COVID-19.},
journal = {Current molecular pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {393-417},
doi = {10.2174/1874467214666210811120635},
pmid = {34382513},
issn = {1874-4702},
support = {F.24-51/2014-U//RUSA-Phase 2.0 Policy (TNmulti-Gen), Dept. of Edn, Govt. of India/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Corona viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA (Ribonucleic acid) viruses, and they cause pandemic diseases having a devastating effect on both human healthcare and the global economy. To date, six corona viruses have been identified as pathogenic organisms, which are significantly responsible for the infection and cause severe respiratory diseases. Among them, the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) caused a major outbreak of coronavirus diseases in 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviridae family members can affect both humans and animals. In humans, coronaviruses cause a severe acute respiratory syndrome with mild to severe outcomes. Several structural and genomics aspects have been investigated, and the genome encodes about 30 proteins most of them with unknown function though they share remarkable sequence identity with other proteins. There are no potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and several trials are underway to investigate the possible therapeutic agents against viral infection. However, some of the antiviral drugs that have been investigated against SARS-CoV-2 are under clinical trials. In the current review, we comparatively emphasize the emergence and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 and their infection, and discuss the various putative drug targets of both viral and host receptors for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to overcome the viral outbreak.},
}

Animals
Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/drug therapy
Pandemics/prevention & control
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid34274225,
year = {2022},
author = {Allali, S and Beddok, A and Kirova, Y},
title = {Is cancer a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19, especially for breast cancer patients?.},
journal = {Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {491-493},
doi = {10.1016/j.canrad.2021.06.015},
pmid = {34274225},
issn = {1769-6658},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global upheaval in our health care system. Our hospital facilities have been subjected to a major influx of patients and the prevention of cross-contamination has been a key issue in the spread of the virus. New recommendations for good hygiene practice and new recommendations for disease management have emerged to limit the spread of the virus and reorganize the provision of care in key services. Many studies have attempted to identify factors that contribute to poor prognosis for COVID-19 infection. Among them, cancer patients, were considered more at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. In this article, we provide an overview of the current state of the pandemic as well as new recommendations for disease management that have emerged in oncology and radiation therapy in particular. In this article, we will try to provide some answers through a review of the literature to the question: is cancer a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19?},
}

*Breast Neoplasms/therapy
*COVID-19
Female
Humans
Pandemics/prevention & control
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid34117360,
year = {2022},
author = {Roversi, M and Raucci, U and Pontrelli, G and Ranno, S and Ambrosi, M and Torelli, A and Pisani, M and Coltella, L and Piccioni, L and Colagrossi, L and Agosta, M and Scialanga, B and Reale, A and Perno, CF and Rossi, P and Villani, A},
title = {Diagnosis of COVID-19 in children guided by lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Pediatric research},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {1196-1202},
pmid = {34117360},
issn = {1530-0447},
mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; Child ; Cough/diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fever/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to test how certain signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 in children predict the positivity or negativity of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in children.

METHODS: We review the data of children who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 for a suspected infection. We compared the clinical characteristics of the subjects who tested positive and negative, including the sensibility, positive and negative predictive value of different combination of signs and symptoms.

RESULTS: Of all the suspected infected, 2596 tested negative (96.2%) and 103 tested positive (3.8%). The median age was 7.0 and 5.3 years for the positive and negative ones, respectively. The female to male ratio was ~1:1.3. Fever and respiratory symptoms were mostly reported. Most positive children had a prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects (59.2%). A total of 99.3% of patients without fever nor exposure to the virus proved negative to the SARS-CoV-2 test.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a child without fever or contact with infected subjects is SARS-CoV-2 negative. If this were to be confirmed, many resources would be spared, with improved care of both COVID-19 and not COVID-19-affected children.

IMPACT: Key message: lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected people highly predicts a negative results of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in the paediatric population. Added value to the current literature: this is the first article to prove this point.

IMPACT: reduction of emergency department accesses of children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection; increased outpatient management of children with cough or other common respiratory symptoms of infancy; sparing of many human and material health resources.},
}

*COVID-19/diagnosis
Child
Cough/diagnosis
Emergency Service, Hospital
Female
Fever/diagnosis
Humans
Male
*SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid35606003,
year = {2022},
author = {E Culbreth, R and J Brandenberger, K and Battey-Muse, CM and Gardenhire, DS},
title = {2021 Year in Review: E-Cigarettes, Hookah Use, and Vaping Lung Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Respiratory care},
volume = {67},
number = {6},
pages = {709-714},
doi = {10.4187/respcare.09919},
pmid = {35606003},
issn = {1943-3654},
abstract = {Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and hookah smoking have gained tremendous popularity over the past decade. With the constantly evolving e-cigarette market and potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on users of these tobacco products, research is needed to assess the prevalence and safety of these devices as well as potential public health implications and cessation tools. For this year in review, PubMed was searched from January 2021-December 14, 2021, for articles related to e-cigarettes, vaping-related lung injury, and hookah smoking. Relevant articles addressing the objectives were included in this review. This review focused primarily on articles based on United States populations. Gray literature and nonpublished articles were not included in this review. The 2020 pandemic resulted in a decline in e-cigarette usage among youth (potentially due to the COVID-19 pandemic); however, recent research in 2021 suggests that e-cigarette usage is increasing again among youth. Conflicting evidence exists for e-cigarettes and the risk of COVID-19 infection, but biological plausibility suggests that e-cigarette users are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and more severe COVID-19 infection compared to non-e-cigarette users. Hookah smoking has remained stable across the past several years and remains a primarily social activity among youth. New e-cigarette devices are constantly emerging, resulting in an increased demand to understand the safety of these devices. Additionally, hookah smoking continues to be a concerning public health issue with the increase in hookah bars and venues coupled with lack of policy regulations for hookah smoking.},
}

@article {pmid35605699,
year = {2022},
author = {Lin, Q and Lu, C and Hong, Y and Li, R and Chen, J and Chen, W and Chen, J},
title = {Animal models for studying coronavirus infections and developing antiviral agents and vaccines.},
journal = {Antiviral research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105345},
doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105345},
pmid = {35605699},
issn = {1872-9096},
abstract = {In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has become the third deadly coronavirus that infects humans and causes the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has already caused more than six million deaths worldwide and it is likely the biggest pandemic of this century faced by mankind. Although many studies on SARS-CoV-2 have been conducted, a detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is still lacking. Animal models are indispensable for studying its pathogenesis and developing vaccines and antivirals. In this review, we analyze animal models of coronavirus infections and explore their applications on antivirals and vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid35605680,
year = {2022},
author = {Alaeddini, M and Etemad-Moghadam, S},
title = {SARS-Cov-2 infection in cancer patients, susceptibility, outcome and care.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.017},
pmid = {35605680},
issn = {1538-2990},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many problems in cancer patients, which in part are due to insufficient knowledge of the exact implications of the virus on these individuals. Perceptions based on known facts about previous pandemics and coronaviruses might not agree with actual real-life experience and objective findings. We present a compilation of scientific facts and actual observations on different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. These patients are at increased risk of viral contraction and have higher chances of severe disease/mortality. The latter is impacted by other factors and is still debated. In contrast to preliminary impressions, the benefits of anti-cancer treatments outweigh their risks and should be continued. Cancer patients generate antibodies in response to vaccination but in lower amounts than healthy people, especially those with hematologic cancers. Boosters, including third doses, have shown increased immune-responses in most patients. Vaccination should be prioritized in these individuals.},
}

@article {pmid35605431,
year = {2022},
author = {Epton, T and Ghio, D and Ballard, LM and Allen, SF and Kassianos, AP and Hewitt, R and Swainston, K and Fynn, WI and Rowland, V and Westbrook, J and Jenkinson, E and Morrow, A and McGeechan, GJ and Stanescu, S and Yousuf, AA and Sharma, N and Begum, S and Karasouli, E and Scanlan, D and Shorter, GW and Arden, MA and Armitage, CJ and O'Connor, DB and Kamal, A and McBride, E and Swanson, V and Hart, J and Byrne-Davis, L and Chater, A and Drury, J},
title = {Interventions to promote physical distancing behaviour during infectious disease pandemics or epidemics: A systematic review.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {114946},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114946},
pmid = {35605431},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Physical distancing, defined as keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs).

METHODS: Six databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomized controlled trial), and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behavior. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention.

RESULTS: Six articles (with seven studies and 19 comparisons) indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behavior. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behavior (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities), and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems, and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS: The evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights gaps that should be the focus of future research.},
}

@article {pmid35604493,
year = {2022},
author = {Liana, P and Liberty, IA and Murti, K and Hafy, Z and Salim, EM and Zulkarnain, M and Umar, TP},
title = {A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Immunologic research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35604493},
issn = {1559-0755},
abstract = {Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis.},
}

@article {pmid35604464,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, E and Fang, M and Jones, C and Minze, LJ and Xing, J and Zhang, Z},
title = {Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS},
volume = {79},
number = {6},
pages = {313},
pmid = {35604464},
issn = {1420-9071},
support = {R01AI155488//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; 20CDA35260116//American Heart Association/ ; },
abstract = {Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many viruses, especially RNA viruses are the most common cause of enteritis. Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against enteric RNA viruses and virus-induced intestinal inflammation. The first layer of defense against enteric RNA viruses in the intestinal tract is intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), dendritic cells and macrophages under the intestinal epithelium. These innate immune cells express pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) for recognizing enteric RNA viruses through sensing viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a result of this recognition type I interferon (IFN), type III IFN and inflammasome activation occurs, which function cooperatively to clear infection and reduce viral-induced intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent findings about mechanisms involved in enteric RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. We will provide an overview of the enteric RNA viruses, their RNA sensing mechanisms by host PRRs, and signaling pathways triggered by host PRRs, which shape the intestinal immune response to maintain intestinal homeostasis.},
}

@article {pmid35603763,
year = {2022},
author = {Sil, A and Das, A and Datta, D},
title = {Mucocutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A): an update.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ced.15271},
pmid = {35603763},
issn = {1365-2230},
abstract = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple extrapulmonary organ systems (cardiac, gastrointestinal tract, dermatological and/or neurological), attributed to a post-infectious and atypical complication occurring weeks to months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The diagnosis is primarily based on findings encompassing persistent fever, elevated inflammatory markers, multi-organ involvement, and a temporal relationship with coronavirus 2019 infection. The existing literature on MIS-A, although growing, is limited to case reports and small cases series. It is imperative that dermatologists be aware of this entity and aid the critical care team to ensure timely diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention. In this review, we concisely highlight the varied presentations, pathogenesis, and treatment options in MIS-A.},
}

@article {pmid35603328,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, JA and Hartanti, IR and Colin, MN and Pitaloka, DA},
title = {Telemedicine and artificial intelligence to support self-isolation of COVID-19 patients: Recent updates and challenges.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {20552076221100634},
doi = {10.1177/20552076221100634},
pmid = {35603328},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {Background: Asymptomatic and high-risk COVID-19 patients are advised to self-isolate at home. However, patients may not realize that the condition is deteriorating until too late.

Objective: This study aims to review various artificial intelligence-based telemedicine research during the COVID-19 outbreak and proposes a framework for developing telemedicine powered by artificial intelligence to monitor progression in COVID-19 patients during isolation at home. It also aims to map challenges using artificial intelligence-based telemedicine in the community.

Methods: A systematic review was performed for the related articles published in 2019-2021 and conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect database using the keywords "telemedicine," "artificial intelligence," and "COVID-19". The inclusion criteria were full-text articles and original research written in the English language.

Results: Thirteen articles were included in this review to describe the current application of artificial intelligence-based telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various current applications have been implemented, such as for early diagnosis and tracing of contact for the users, to monitor symptoms and decision-making treatment, clinical management, and virtual and remote treatment. We also proposed the framework of telemedicine powered by artificial intelligence for support the self-isolation of COVID-19 patients based on the recent update in technology. However, we identified some challenges for using digital health technologies because of the ethical and practical use, the policy and regulation, and device use both for healthcare workers and patients.

Conclusion: Artificial intelligence promises to improve the practice of medicine in various ways. However, practical applications still need to be explored, and medical professionals also need to adapt to these advances for better healthcare delivery to the public.},
}

@article {pmid35603319,
year = {2022},
author = {Regalado, J and Timmer, A and Jawaid, A},
title = {Crime and deviance during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Sociology compass},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e12974},
doi = {10.1111/soc4.12974},
pmid = {35603319},
issn = {1751-9020},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world and inevitably influenced people's behaviors including the likelihood of crime and deviance. Emerging empirical evidence suggests a decline in certain crimes (e.g., theft, robbery, and assault) but also proliferation of different violent behaviors and cybercriminal activity during the pandemic. To explain those trends, we draw on existent theories and elaborate on how crime and violence have been affected by the changes in people's daily routines and accumulated stressful conditions. However, as recent crime trends appear to be largely inconsistent and vary across social groups and contexts, we argue that social scientists need to pay particular attention to the differential experiences related to crime and violence during this global crisis. Specifically, because of the disproportionate experience of violence by vulnerable groups including minorities and women as well as the unique cross-national variations in deviance, more nuanced approaches to understanding causes of crime are warranted. We also discuss the limitations of present research and provide recommendations for the development of comparative and multi-disciplinary studies on criminal and deviant behaviors that are influenced by human crisis situations.},
}

@article {pmid35603215,
year = {2022},
author = {Hensen, L and Illing, PT and Rowntree, LC and Davies, J and Miller, A and Tong, SYC and Habel, JR and van de Sandt, CE and Flanagan, KL and Purcell, AW and Kedzierska, K and Clemens, EB},
title = {T Cell Epitope Discovery in the Context of Distinct and Unique Indigenous HLA Profiles.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {812393},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.812393},
pmid = {35603215},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {CD8+ T cells are a pivotal part of the immune response to viruses, playing a key role in disease outcome and providing long-lasting immunity to conserved pathogen epitopes. Understanding CD8+ T cell immunity in humans is complex due to CD8+ T cell restriction by highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins, requiring T cell epitopes to be defined for different HLA allotypes across different ethnicities. Here we evaluate strategies that have been developed to facilitate epitope identification and study immunogenic T cell responses. We describe an immunopeptidomics approach to sequence HLA-bound peptides presented on virus-infected cells by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using antigen presenting cell lines that stably express the HLA alleles characteristic of Indigenous Australians, this approach has been successfully used to comprehensively identify influenza-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA allotypes predominant in Indigenous Australians, including HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*11:01. This is an essential step in ensuring high vaccine coverage and efficacy in Indigenous populations globally, known to be at high risk from influenza disease and other respiratory infections.},
}

@article {pmid35603213,
year = {2022},
author = {Ladak, RJ and He, AJ and Huang, YH and Ding, Y},
title = {The Current Landscape of mRNA Vaccines Against Viruses and Cancer-A Mini Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {885371},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.885371},
pmid = {35603213},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Both infectious viral diseases and cancer have historically been some of the most common causes of death worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic is a decidedly relevant example of the former. Despite progress having been made over past decades, new and improved techniques are still needed to address the limitations faced by current treatment standards, with mRNA-based therapy emerging as a promising solution. Highly flexible, scalable and cost-effective, mRNA therapy is proving to be a compelling vaccine platform against viruses. Likewise, mRNA vaccines show similar promise against cancer as a platform capable of encoding multiple antigens for a diverse array of cancers, including those that are patient specific as a novel form of personalized medicine. In this review, the molecular mechanisms, biotechnological aspects, and clinical developments of mRNA vaccines against viral infections and cancer are discussed to provide an informative update on the current state of mRNA therapy research.},
}

@article {pmid35603211,
year = {2022},
author = {Primorac, D and Vrdoljak, K and Brlek, P and Pavelić, E and Molnar, V and Matišić, V and Erceg Ivkošić, I and Parčina, M},
title = {Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {848582},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.848582},
pmid = {35603211},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it to the population of the whole world in record time. Following the infection with the viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by viral particle encounters with the antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions to defend the host against the virus. After the infection has been warded off, the immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity has been shown to persist even 17 years after the infection, despite the undetectable humoral component. Similar has been demonstrated for the SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory in a shorter period by assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood is stimulated with the virus-specific peptides. T cells also play an irreplaceable part in a humoral immune reaction as the backbone of a cellular immune response. They both provide the signals for B cell activation and the maturation, competence, and memory of the humoral response. B cell production of IgA was shown to be of significant influence in mediating mucosal immunity as the first part of the defense mechanism and in the development of nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret the recent SARS-CoV-2 available research, which encompasses the significance and the current understanding of adaptive immune activity, and compare it among naive, exposed, and vaccinated blood donors. Our recent data showed that those who recovered from COVID-19 and those who are vaccinated with EMA-approved vaccines had a long-lasting cellular immunity. Additionally, we analyze the humoral responses in immunocompromised patients and memory mediated by cellular immunity and the impact of clonality in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regarding breakthrough infections and variants of concern, both B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.},
}

@article {pmid35603203,
year = {2022},
author = {Gonçalves, JIB and Borges, TJ and de Souza, APD},
title = {Microbiota and the Response to Vaccines Against Respiratory Virus.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {889945},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.889945},
pmid = {35603203},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota during respiratory viral infection and discusses the implication of the microbiota composition on the immune responses generated by the vaccines designed to protect against these pathogens. This is a growing field and recent evidence supports that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate the immune response of vaccination against respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted that molecules derived from the microbiome can have systemic effects, acting in distant organs. These molecules are recognized by the immune cells from the host and can trigger or modulate different responses, interfering with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition has been suggested as an approach to achieving more efficient protective immune responses. Studies in humans have reported associations between a better vaccine response and specific bacterial taxa. These associations vary among different vaccine strategies and are likely to be context-dependent. The use of prebiotics and probiotics in conjunction with vaccination demonstrated that bacterial components could act as adjuvants. Future microbiota-based interventions may potentially improve and optimize the responses of respiratory virus vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid35603097,
year = {2022},
author = {Jatoi, HN and Abbas, S and Abbasi, MS and Tauni, MA and Ghazanfar, S and Zafar Malick, MD and Umar, MF and Tahir, MJ and Asghar, MS and Ahmed, A},
title = {BNT162b2 vaccine considerations for immunocompromised individuals: A global perspective.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103796},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103796},
pmid = {35603097},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, individuals with comorbidities and immunosuppression require particular attention and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, the majority of vaccine clinical trials excluded people with comorbidities, resulting in a lack of data regarding vaccine efficacy in this demographic. Along with more inclusivity in clinical trials, reaching a definitive conclusion regarding vaccine efficacy in these patients is also crucial. In our review, we highlight the BNT162b2 vaccine safety and efficacy based on the limited number of clinical trials which included this demographic. We also provide vaccine considerations for individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, HIV, obesity, diabetes, organ transplant recipients and those undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to help them govern their decision regarding vaccine administration. In conclusion, further studies are required to alleviate any insecurities in patients with comorbidities regarding vaccination and it is recommended that patients are monitored post-vaccination to make sure sufficient immunity is achieved.},
}

@article {pmid35603040,
year = {2022},
author = {Matta, G and Kumar, P and Uniyal, DP and Joshi, DU},
title = {Communicating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene under Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, and 6 as the Panacea for Epidemics and Pandemics Referencing the Succession of COVID-19 Surges.},
journal = {ACS ES&T water},
volume = {2},
number = {5},
pages = {667-689},
doi = {10.1021/acsestwater.1c00366},
pmid = {35603040},
issn = {2690-0637},
abstract = {WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) has become the most crucial amenity in the past decade for every individual on the planet. In the UN agenda for 2030, which created 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDGs 3, 4, and 6 directly correlate with WASH practices and management for creating a good health hygiene environment for all. The dearth of WASH facilities has created barriers for averting the transmission of COVID-19, motivating the concept of WASH as the primary step of precaution and prevention, which includes WASH practices, communication for literacy, and positive behavioral changes primarily in developing and low-income countries. This Review deals with the complex concept of correlation of WASH and SDGs 3, 4, and 6 while defining elaborate WASH practices, including the prominence of clean water, the need for sanitation facilities, and health hygiene for good health and immunity for preparedness for and during epidemics and pandemics. Certain risk factors explain the sectors in which the gaps exist, creating a gap for implementation of WASH practices in epidemics and pandemics across the globe. Further, COVID-19 surge succession is presented along with data of different variants that have occurred. The need of WASH understanding is required using different tools (audio-visual, social media, print media, and mass media) and strategies (communication, advocacy, and positive behavioral changes) for every individual as an act to counter consequences during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and as a routine practice for future preparedness. This Review gives a detailed concept of WASH understanding for every sector from community to government agencies and research professionals to act immediately for the sustainable future of humanity.},
}

@article {pmid35603036,
year = {2022},
author = {Yuan, Y and Miao, W and Yuan, X and Dai, Y and Yuan, Y and Gong, Y},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture in China and recommended strategies for mitigating the impact.},
journal = {Journal of the World Aquaculture Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jwas.12886},
pmid = {35603036},
issn = {0893-8849},
abstract = {We carried out a preliminary investigation to study the impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture in China and identify the strategies and measures that have been taken by the Chinese Government. The investigation involved questionnaire surveys designed for all stakeholders along the industrial chain, including grow-out farmers, seed producers, fish processors, fish traders, and feed companies engaged in the catfish sector in Hubei Province and the tilapia sector in Guangdong Province during the strict period of control and after these control measures were lifted. We also attempted to summarize the government interventions and measures taken by different stakeholders along the value chain to minimize the damage caused by COVID-19 and support the recovery of different sectors in the aquaculture industry. We found that due to delayed harvesting, fish stocks were held-up in ponds and normal farming was interrupted. Farmers and traders were more severely impacted by the pandemic than other sectors. Furthermore, a series of strategies and measures are recommended to cope with the pandemic and other similar risks in the future. We expect that this study will provide good evidence for international societies to support the aquaculture industry in minimizing the impact of the pandemic and the rapid recovery of the industry in the post-pandemic period.},
}

@article {pmid35602927,
year = {2022},
author = {Rolin, S and Chakales, A and Verduzco-Gutierrez, M},
title = {Rehabilitation Strategies for Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19.},
journal = {Current physical medicine and rehabilitation reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1007/s40141-022-00352-9},
pmid = {35602927},
issn = {2167-4833},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 are abundant, including after recovery of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review seeks to explore the cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including Long COVID syndromes. Furthermore, the review will discuss rehabilitation strategies for the emerging neurological consequences of COVID-19 to help those experiencing long-term effects of COVID-19.

Recent Findings: There is emerging evidence depicting the neural involvement of COVID-19. Health priorities have shifted from understanding pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary symptoms to targeting the acute and chronic sequelae of COVID-19, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The sequelae of COVID-19 often co-occur with other medical problems and is best managed by assessment and care across multiple disciplines. Symptoms following infection are similar to those found by other syndromes and disorders that disrupt the central nervous system.

Summary: The acute and chronic sequelae of COVID-19 have become major targets of current health care providers given its significant public health impact, inclusive of cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae. Assessment and referral to rehabilitation based on each individual's needs and symptoms can decrease morbidity and improve quality of life.},
}

@article {pmid35602853,
year = {2022},
author = {Kendall-Tackett, K and Beck, CT},
title = {Secondary Traumatic Stress and Moral Injury in Maternity Care Providers: A Narrative and Exploratory Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in global women's health},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {835811},
doi = {10.3389/fgwh.2022.835811},
pmid = {35602853},
issn = {2673-5059},
abstract = {Introduction: A significant percentage of maternity providers have experienced secondary traumatic stress following a traumatic birth. Previous studies identified it as an issue, but this literature review is 5-9 years old. In addition, the construct of moral injury has significantly increased our understanding of secondary trauma for military veterans. In the wake of COVID-19, this construct also applies to healthcare providers.

Objectives: The present article updates these reviews and compares findings for three groups: labor and delivery nurses, midwives, and obstetricians. The second portion of this review re-examines previously published qualitative research to determine whether moral injury might more accurately describe the experiences of maternity personnel.

Methods: A comprehensive review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and CINAHL was conducted in June 2021 using search terms such as compassion fatigue, secondary trauma, moral injury, labor and delivery, nurses, midwives, and obstetricians. Forty articles were identified, but only 16 focused on secondary trauma or moral injury.

Results: Secondary trauma is a significant concern affecting at least 25% of maternity staff. However, some countries have very low rates, which correspond to low rates in childbirth-related trauma in mothers. Secondary trauma can lead to several symptoms, including re-experiencing, avoidance, negative changes in mood and cognitions, and hyperarousal, which can cause significant impairment. As a result, many providers decide to leave the field in the wake of a traumatic birth. The incidence of moral injury is unknown, but a re-examination of previously published qualitative data suggests that this construct, generally used to describe combat veterans, does describe some of what providers have reported. Acts of omission, i.e., failure to stop the harmful acts of others had long-term negative effects on labor and delivery nurses, consistent with data from military samples. Two possible mediators were proposed: hierarchical and gendered relationships in hospitals and agency of care.

Conclusion: The effects of traumatic birth on providers can be severe, including possible psychological sequelae, impaired job performance, and leaving the field. Moral injury expands upon the construct of secondary traumatic stress. This construct better describes the experiences of maternity staff in non-primary roles who witness traumatic births and are often haunted by events that they could not prevent, but often question whether they should have.},
}