@article {pmid35618306,
year = {2022},
author = {Bardosh, K and de Figueiredo, A and Gur-Arie, R and Jamrozik, E and Doidge, J and Lemmens, T and Keshavjee, S and Graham, JE and Baral, S},
title = {The unintended consequences of COVID-19 vaccine policy: why mandates, passports and restrictions may cause more harm than good.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008684},
pmid = {35618306},
issn = {2059-7908},
abstract = {Vaccination policies have shifted dramatically during COVID-19 with the rapid emergence of population-wide vaccine mandates, domestic vaccine passports and differential restrictions based on vaccination status. While these policies have prompted ethical, scientific, practical, legal and political debate, there has been limited evaluation of their potential unintended consequences. Here, we outline a comprehensive set of hypotheses for why these policies may ultimately be counterproductive and harmful. Our framework considers four domains: (1) behavioural psychology, (2) politics and law, (3) socioeconomics, and (4) the integrity of science and public health. While current vaccines appear to have had a significant impact on decreasing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality burdens, we argue that current mandatory vaccine policies are scientifically questionable and are likely to cause more societal harm than good. Restricting people's access to work, education, public transport and social life based on COVID-19 vaccination status impinges on human rights, promotes stigma and social polarisation, and adversely affects health and well-being. Current policies may lead to a widening of health and economic inequalities, detrimental long-term impacts on trust in government and scientific institutions, and reduce the uptake of future public health measures, including COVID-19 vaccines as well as routine immunisations. Mandating vaccination is one of the most powerful interventions in public health and should be used sparingly and carefully to uphold ethical norms and trust in institutions. We argue that current COVID-19 vaccine policies should be re-evaluated in light of the negative consequences that we outline. Leveraging empowering strategies based on trust and public consultation, and improving healthcare services and infrastructure, represent a more sustainable approach to optimising COVID-19 vaccination programmes and, more broadly, the health and well-being of the public.},
}
@article {pmid35618037,
year = {2022},
author = {Khorramdelazad, H and Kazemi, MH and Azimi, M and Aghamajidi, A and Mehrabadi, AZ and Shahba, F and Aghamohammadi, N and Falak, R and Faraji, F and Jafari, R},
title = {Type-I interferons in the immunopathogenesis and treatment of Coronavirus disease 2019.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {175051},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175051},
pmid = {35618037},
issn = {1879-0712},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is currently the major global health problem. Still, it continues to infect people globally and up to the end of February 2022, over 436 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 5.95 million deaths, were reported to the world health organization (WHO). No specific treatment is currently available for COVID-19, and the discovery of effective therapeutics requires understanding the effective immunologic and immunopathologic mechanisms behind this infection. Type-I interferons (IFN-Is), as the critical elements of the immediate immune response against viral infections, can inhibit the replication and spread of the viruses. However, the available evidence shows that the antiviral IFN-I response is impaired in patients with the severe form of COVID-19. Moreover, the administration of exogenous IFN-I in different phases of the disease can lead to various outcomes. Therefore, understanding the role of IFN-I molecules in COVID-19 development and its severity can provide valuable information for better management of this disease. This review summarizes the role of IFN-Is in the pathogenesis of COIVD-19 and discusses the importance of autoantibodies against this cytokine in the spreading of SARS-CoV-2 and control of the subsequent excessive inflammation.},
}
@article {pmid35617829,
year = {2022},
author = {Dzinamarira, T and Murewanhema, G and Chitungo, I and Ngara, B and Nkambule, SJ and Madziva, R and Herrera, H and Mukwenha, S and Cuadros, DF and Iradukunda, PG and Mashora, M and Tungwarara, N and Rwibasira, GN and Musuka, G},
title = {Risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {654-661},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.006},
pmid = {35617829},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The relationship between HIV infection and COVID-19 clinical outcomes remains a significant public health research problem. We aimed to determine the association of HIV comorbidity with COVID-19 mortality.
METHODS: We searched PubMed, Google Scholar and World Health Organization library databases for relevant studies. All searches were conducted from 1st to 7th December 2021. Title, abstract and full text screening was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The relative risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients was computed using a random-effects model. All analyses were performed using Meta and Metasens statistical packages available in R version 4.2.1 software package. The quality of included studies was assessed using the GRADE approach, Egger's test was employed to determine the risk of bias.
RESULTS: A total of 16 studies were included in this review. Among the COVID-19 patients with HIV infection, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 7.97% (4 287/53,801), and among the COVID-19 patients without HIV infection, the mortality rate due to COVID-19 was 0.69% (127, 961/18, 513, 747). In the random effects model, we found no statistically significant relative risk of mortality in HIV-infected COVID-19 patients (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.86-1.32). The between-studies heterogeneity was substantial (I2 = 91%, P < 0.01), while the risk of publication bias was not significant.
CONCLUSION: Findings did not link HIV infection with an increased risk of COVID-19 mortality. Our results add to the conflicting data on the relationship between COVID-19 and HIV infection.},
}
@article {pmid35616701,
year = {2022},
author = {Kurian, J and Blumfield, E and Levin, TL and Liszewski, MC},
title = {Imaging findings in acute pediatric coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C).},
journal = {Pediatric radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35616701},
issn = {1432-1998},
abstract = {The two primary manifestations of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in children are acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C). While most pediatric cases of acute COVID-19 disease are mild or asymptomatic, some children are at risk for developing severe pneumonia. In MIS-C, children present a few weeks after SARS-CoV-2 exposure with a febrile illness that can rapidly progress to shock and multiorgan dysfunction. In both diseases, the clinical and laboratory findings can be nonspecific and present a diagnostic challenge. Thoracic imaging is commonly obtained to assist with initial workup, assessment of disease progression, and guidance of therapy. This paper reviews the radiologic findings of acute COVID-19 pneumonia and MIS-C, highlights the key distinctions between the entities, and summarizes our understanding of the role of imaging in managing SARS-CoV-2-related illness in children.},
}
@article {pmid35615657,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, J and Han, Y and Zhang, Y and Dong, D and Cao, Y and Chen, X and Li, H},
title = {Considerations for the Surgical Management of Thoracic Cancers During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Rational Strategies for Thoracic Surgeons.},
journal = {Frontiers in surgery},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {742007},
doi = {10.3389/fsurg.2022.742007},
pmid = {35615657},
issn = {2296-875X},
abstract = {Objective: The novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in a global health crisis since first case was identified in December 2019. As the pandemic continues to strain global public health systems, elective surgeries for thoracic cancer, such as early-stage lung cancer and esophageal cancer (EC), have been postponed due to a shortage of medical resources and the risk of nosocomial transmission. This review is aimed to discuss the influence of COVID-19 on thoracic surgical practice, prevention of nosocomial transmission during the pandemic, and propose modifications to the standard practices in the surgical management of different thoracic cancer.
Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar was performed for articles focusing on COVID-19, early-stage lung cancer, and EC prior to 1 July 2021. The evidence from articles was combined with our data and experience.
Results: We review the challenges in the management of different thoracic cancer from the perspectives of thoracic surgeons and propose rational strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of early-stage lung cancer and EC during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the optimization of hospital systems and medical resources is to fight against COVID-19. Indolent early lung cancers, such as pure ground-glass nodules/opacities (GGOs), can be postponed with a lower risk of progression, while selective surgeries of more biologically aggressive tumors should be prioritized. As for EC, we recommend immediate or prioritized surgeries for patients with stage Ib or more advanced stage and patients after neoadjuvant therapy. Routine COVID-19 screening should be performed preoperatively before thoracic surgeries. Prevention of nosocomial transmission by providing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), such as N-95 respirator masks with eye protection to healthcare workers, is necessary.},
}
@article {pmid35615461,
year = {2022},
author = {Solís-Cordero, K and Duarte, LS and Fujimori, E},
title = {Effectiveness of Remotely Delivered Parenting Programs on Caregiver-child Interaction and Child Development: a Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of child and family studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1007/s10826-022-02328-8},
pmid = {35615461},
issn = {1062-1024},
abstract = {Remotely delivered parenting interventions are suitable to promote child well-being and development, in a context of social isolation, as our society faced due to COVID-19. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions for typically developing children on caregiver-child interaction and child development. We carried out a systematic search to find studies from the inception of the database to September 2021 on six electronic databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection and Regional Portal Information and Knowledge for Health (BVS), and gray literature. Eligible study designs were experimental and quasi-experimental studies. We included parenting interventions as long as they were remotely delivered and focused on typically developing children. Two outcomes were considered: caregiver-child interaction and child development. Three randomized controlled trials (RCT) and one quasi-experimental study met the inclusion criteria. Results from two RCT revealed positive, small-to-medium effects on child development. One study showed that the new intervention had a not inferior effect compared to the results achieved by the traditional support. Children who participated in the quasi-experimental study showed significant elevations in language ability. One study reported positive caregiver-child interaction results. There is insufficient evidence to draw definitive conclusions regarding the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions on child development due to the heterogeneity of participant profiles, mode of delivery, and assessment tools. The results suggest the need to develop future methodologically rigorous studies assessing the effectiveness of remotely delivered parenting interventions for typically developing children on caregiver-child interaction and child development.},
}
@article {pmid35615420,
year = {2022},
author = {Meldrum, OW and Belchamber, KBR and Chichirelo-Konstantynovych, KD and Horton, KL and Konstantynovych, TV and Long, MB and McDonnell, MJ and Perea, L and Garcia-Basteiro, AL and Loebinger, MR and Duarte, R and Keir, HR},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Respiratory Infections Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00642-2021},
pmid = {35615420},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {The European Respiratory Society International Congress 2021 took place virtually for the second year running due to the coronavirus pandemic. The Congress programme featured more than 400 sessions and 3000 abstract presentations, covering the entire field of respiratory science and medicine. In this article, early career members of the Respiratory Infections Assembly summarise a selection of sessions across a broad range of topics, including presentations on bronchiectasis, non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis and COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35615416,
year = {2022},
author = {Ardura-Garcia, C and Abellan, A and Cuevas-Ocaña, S and Freitag, N and Lam, YT and Makrinioti, H and Slaats, M and Storti, M and Williams, EE and Dassios, T and Duijts, L and Ersu, RH and Fustik, S and Morty, RE and Proesmans, M and Schramm, D and Saglani, S and Moeller, A and Pijnenburg, MW},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Paediatric Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00643-2021},
pmid = {35615416},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {In this review, Early Career Members of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and the Chairs of the ERS Assembly 7: Paediatrics present the highlights in paediatric respiratory medicine from the ERS International Congress 2021. The eight scientific Groups of this Assembly cover respiratory physiology and sleep, asthma and allergy, cystic fibrosis (CF), respiratory infection and immunology, neonatology and intensive care, respiratory epidemiology, bronchology, and lung and airway development. We here describe new developments in lung function testing and sleep-disordered breathing diagnosis, early life exposures affecting pulmonary function in children and effect of COVID-19 on sleep and lung function. In paediatric asthma, we present the important role of the exposome in asthma development, and how biologics can provide better outcomes. We discuss new methods to assess distal airways in children with CF, as some details remain blind when using the lung clearance index. Moreover, we summarise the new ERS guidelines for bronchiectasis management in children and adolescents. We present interventions to reduce morbidity and monitor pulmonary function in newborns at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and long-term chronic respiratory morbidity of this disease. In respiratory epidemiology, we characterise primary ciliary dyskinesia, identify early life determinants of respiratory health and describe the effect of COVID-19 preventive measures on respiratory symptoms. Also, we describe the epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases, possible consequences of tracheomalacia and a classification of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage in children. Finally, we highlight that the characterisation of genes and pathways involved in the development of a disease is essential to identify new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.},
}
@article {pmid35615415,
year = {2022},
author = {Robertson, L and Machado, F and Rutkowski, S and Silva, L and Miranda, S and Farver-Vestergaard, I and Janssens, T and Sylvester, KP and Burtin, C and Šajnić, A and Cruz, J},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Allied Respiratory Professionals assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00674-2021},
pmid = {35615415},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {This paper provides an overview of some of the most memorable sessions that were (co)organised by the Allied Respiratory Professionals Assembly during the 2021 European Respiratory Society International Congress, which was held online for the second consecutive year due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Early Career Members from Assembly 9 summarised the content of the sessions (three oral communication sessions, two symposia and one Expert View) with the support of the chairs from the four Assembly groups: Respiratory Function Technologists and Scientists (Group 9.01); Physiotherapists (Group 9.02); Nurses (Group 9.03); and Psychologists and Behavioural Scientists (Group 9.04). The sessions covered the following topics: impact of COVID-19 on lung function and healthcare services, and the importance of quality assurance and technology in lung function assessment; diagnosis and management of sarcopenia in patients with chronic respiratory disease; maintenance of the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation; solutions outside the hospital for the management of patients with COVID-19 in need of health care; the nursing perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic; and psychological and behavioural issues in respiratory care. This highlights article provides valuable insight into the latest scientific data and emerging areas affecting clinical practice of allied respiratory professionals.},
}
@article {pmid35615412,
year = {2022},
author = {Lichtblau, M and Piccari, L and Ramjug, S and Bokan, A and Lechartier, B and Jutant, EM and Barata, M and Garcia, AR and Howard, LS and Adir, Y and Delcroix, M and Jara-Palomares, L and Bertoletti, L and Sitbon, O and Ulrich, S and Vonk Noordegraaf, A},
title = {ERS International Congress 2021: highlights from the Pulmonary Vascular Diseases Assembly.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/23120541.00665-2021},
pmid = {35615412},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {This article aims to summarise the latest research presented at the virtual 2021 European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Congress in the field of pulmonary vascular disease. In light of the current guidelines and proceedings, knowledge gaps are addressed and the newest findings of the various forms of pulmonary hypertension as well as key points on pulmonary embolism are discussed. Despite the comprehensive coverage of the guidelines for pulmonary embolism at previous conferences, discussions about controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition in specific cases were debated and are addressed in the first section of this article. We then report on an interesting pro-con debate about the current classification of pulmonary hypertension. We further report on presentations on Group 3 pulmonary hypertension, with research exploring pathogenesis, phenotyping, diagnosis and treatment; important contributions on the diagnosis of post-capillary pulmonary hypertension are also included. Finally, we summarise the latest evidence presented on pulmonary vascular disease and COVID-19 and a statement on the new imaging guidelines for pulmonary vascular disease from the Fleischner Society.},
}
@article {pmid35615410,
year = {2022},
author = {Firouzkouhi, M and Abdollahimohammad, A and Rezaie-Kheikhaie, K and Mortazavi, H and Farzi, J and Masinaienezhad, N and Hashemi-Bonjar, Z},
title = {Nurses' Caring Experiences in COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research.},
journal = {Health sciences review (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100030},
doi = {10.1016/j.hsr.2022.100030},
pmid = {35615410},
issn = {2772-6320},
abstract = {Nurses, as front-line care providers, strive to offer adequate care to their clients. They have acquired valuable experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic that enhance the nursing profession. This study aimed to explore nurses' caring experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a qualitative meta-aggregative systematic review. Electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CINHAL) in English were searched to find out the meaningful subjective data on the COVID-19 pandemic. The inclusion criteria were studies published in English related to nurses' caring experiences in the COVID-19 pandemic. Seventeen qualitative studies with several approaches were included. Three key themes were identified from the studies: Weaknesses and strengths of nursing at the beginning of the pandemic, Nursing beyond challenges related to the pandemic, and Family and career challenges. Nurses face different challenges in caring for patients with COVID-19 that benefit the health and nursing professions. Governments, policymakers, and managers have to support nurses during and after the pandemic. Without enough support, nurses are likely to experience significant psychological issues that can lead to burnout and frustration.},
}
@article {pmid35615369,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhao, M and Tian, C and Cong, S and Di, X and Wang, K},
title = {From COVID-19 to Sarcoidosis: How Similar Are These Two Diseases?.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {877303},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.877303},
pmid = {35615369},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leads to the dysregulation of the immune system, exacerbates inflammatory responses, and even causes multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with severe disease. Sarcoidosis is an idiopathic granulomatous multisystem disease characterized by dense epithelioid non-necrotizing lesions with varying degrees of lymphocytic inflammation. These two diseases have similar clinical manifestations and may also influence each other and affect their clinical courses. In this study, we analyzed some possible connections between sarcoidosis and COVID-19, including the role of the renin-angiotensin system in the respiratory system, immune response, and cell death pathways, to understand the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection, predisposing patients to severe forms of COVID-19. This review will provide a new prospect for the treatment of COVID-19 and an opportunity to explore the pathogenesis and development of sarcoidosis.},
}
@article {pmid35615359,
year = {2022},
author = {Silberberg, E and Filep, JG and Ariel, A},
title = {Weathering the Storm: Harnessing the Resolution of Inflammation to Limit COVID-19 Pathogenesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {863449},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.863449},
pmid = {35615359},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The resolution of inflammation is a temporally and spatially coordinated process that in its innate manifestations, primarily involves neutrophils and macrophages. The shutdown of infection or injury-induced acute inflammation requires termination of neutrophil accumulation within the affected sites, neutrophil demise, and clearance by phagocytes (efferocytosis), such as tissue-resident and monocyte-derived macrophages. This must be followed by macrophage reprogramming from the inflammatory to reparative and consequently resolution-promoting phenotypes and the production of resolution-promoting lipid and protein mediators that limit responses in various cell types and promote tissue repair and return to homeostatic architecture and function. Recent studies suggest that these events, and macrophage reprogramming to pro-resolving phenotypes in particular, are not only important in the acute setting, but might be paramount in limiting chronic inflammation, autoimmunity, and various uncontrolled cytokine-driven pathologies. The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a worldwide health and economic crisis. Severe COVID-19 cases that lead to high morbidity are tightly associated with an exuberant cytokine storm that seems to trigger shock-like pathologies, leading to vascular and multiorgan failures. In other cases, the cytokine storm can lead to diffuse alveolar damage that results in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and lung failure. Here, we address recent advances on effectors in the resolution of inflammation and discuss how pro-resolution mechanisms with particular emphasis on macrophage reprogramming, might be harnessed to limit the universal COVID-19 health threat.},
}
@article {pmid35615063,
year = {2022},
author = {Löscher, W and Howe, CL},
title = {Molecular Mechanisms in the Genesis of Seizures and Epilepsy Associated With Viral Infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular neuroscience},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {870868},
doi = {10.3389/fnmol.2022.870868},
pmid = {35615063},
issn = {1662-5099},
abstract = {Seizures are a common presenting symptom during viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and can occur during the initial phase of infection ("early" or acute symptomatic seizures), after recovery ("late" or spontaneous seizures, indicating the development of acquired epilepsy), or both. The development of acute and delayed seizures may have shared as well as unique pathogenic mechanisms and prognostic implications. Based on an extensive review of the literature, we present an overview of viruses that are associated with early and late seizures in humans. We then describe potential pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, including routes of neuroinvasion, viral control and clearance, systemic inflammation, alterations of the blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, and inflammation-induced molecular reorganization of synapses and neural circuits. We provide clinical and animal model findings to highlight commonalities and differences in these processes across various neurotropic or neuropathogenic viruses, including herpesviruses, SARS-CoV-2, flaviviruses, and picornaviruses. In addition, we extensively review the literature regarding Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV). This picornavirus, although not pathogenic for humans, is possibly the best-characterized model for understanding the molecular mechanisms that drive seizures, epilepsy, and hippocampal damage during viral infection. An enhanced understanding of these mechanisms derived from the TMEV model may lead to novel therapeutic interventions that interfere with ictogenesis and epileptogenesis, even within non-infectious contexts.},
}
@article {pmid35614299,
year = {2022},
author = {Napuri, NI and Curcio, D and Swerdlow, DL and Srivastava, A},
title = {Immune Response to COVID-19 and mRNA Vaccination in Immunocompromised Individuals: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35614299},
issn = {2193-8229},
abstract = {Immunocompromised individuals are at high risk of poor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes and demonstrate a lower immune response to COVID-19 vaccines, including to the novel mRNA vaccines that have been shown to elicit high neutralizing antibody levels. This review synthesized available data on the immune response to COVID-19 and critically assessed mRNA COVID-19 vaccine immunogenicity in this vulnerable subpopulation. Patients with various immunocompromising conditions exhibit diverse responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and COVID-19 severity and mortality, and available vaccines elicit lower immune responses, particularly in solid organ transplant recipients. Strategies to improve vaccine responses in immunocompromised individuals are being implemented in vaccine recommendations, including the use of a third and fourth vaccine dose beyond the two-dose series. Additional doses may enhance vaccine effectiveness and help provide broad coverage against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Continued investigation of vaccines and dosing regimens will help refine approaches to help protect this vulnerable subpopulation from COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35613979,
year = {2022},
author = {Lam, SM and Huang, X and Shui, G},
title = {Neurological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection: lipoproteins and exosomes as Trojan horses.},
journal = {Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tem.2022.04.011},
pmid = {35613979},
issn = {1879-3061},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily targets lipid-producing cells for viral tropism. In this review, we connect systemic lipid couriers, particularly high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and exosomes, with the neurological facets of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We discuss how SARS-CoV-2 preferentially targets lipid-secreting cells and usurps host cell lipid metabolism for efficient replication and systemic spreading. Besides providing natural veils for viral materials against host immunity, the inherent properties of some of these endogenous lipid particles to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) also offer alternative routes for SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. Importantly, virus-driven neurological aberrations mediated by HDLs and exosomes are fueled by lipid rafts, which are implicated in the production and transmigration of these lipid particles across the BBB. Finally, we discuss how repurposing existing drugs targeting lipid rafts and cholesterol homeostasis may be beneficial toward alleviating the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease burden.},
}
@article {pmid35611902,
year = {2022},
author = {Shishkova, VN and Imamgayazova, KE and Kapustina, LA},
title = {[Correction of psychoemotional disorders and short-term prognosis in patients with COVID-19].},
journal = {Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova},
volume = {122},
number = {5},
pages = {63-68},
doi = {10.17116/jnevro202212205163},
pmid = {35611902},
issn = {1997-7298},
mesh = {Anxiety/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Depression/drug therapy/epidemiology/etiology ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pandemics ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {This review discusses the importance of the main psychosocial risk factors in the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. The current data on the prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are presented. The article summarizes information about the relationship between the development of psychoemotional disorders and CVD, discusses the prospects for the management of such patients in the framework of interdisciplinary cooperation. The main pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of complications, including damage to the central nervous system during infection with a new coronavirus infection, are considered. The significance of the choice of pathogenetic therapy for patients with comorbid somatic and mental diseases in the conditions of a pandemic of a new coronavirus infection is assessed. The results of multicenter placebo-controlled studies on the use of fluvoxamine in patients with a new coronavirus infection of varying severity are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid35608434,
year = {2022},
author = {Siddiqi, AR and Khan, T and Tahir, MJ and Asghar, MS and Islam, MS and Yousaf, Z},
title = {Miller Fisher syndrome after COVID-19 vaccination: Case report and review of literature.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {101},
number = {20},
pages = {e29333},
pmid = {35608434},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {Ataxia/complications ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Guillain-Barre Syndrome/complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Miller Fisher Syndrome/diagnosis/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of Guillain-Barre syndrome, classically diagnosed based on the clinical triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia. MFS is usually preceded by viral infections and febrile illness; however, only a few cases have been reported after vaccinations.
PATIENT CONCERNS: A 53-year-old hypertensive male presented with a 2-day history of progressive ascending paralysis of the lower limbs along with diplopia and ataxia, 8 days after the first dose of the Sinovac-Coronavac coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, with no prior history of any predisposing infections or triggers.
DIAGNOSES: Physical examination showed moderate motor and sensory loss with areflexia in the lower limbs bilaterally. Routine blood investigations and radiological investigations were unremarkable. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytologic dissociation and nerve conduction studies revealed prolonged latencies with reduced conduction velocities. The diagnosis of MFS was established based on the findings of physical examination, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and nerve conduction studies.
INTERVENTIONS: A management plan was devised based on intravenous immunoglobulins, pregabalin, and physiotherapy. However, due to certain socioeconomic factors, the patient was managed conservatively with regular physiotherapy sessions.
OUTCOMES: Follow-up after 6 weeks showed remarkable improvement, with complete resolution of symptoms 10 weeks after the discharge.
LESSONS: This case suggests that MFS is a rare adverse effect after COVID-19 vaccination and additional research is required to substantiate a temporal association. Further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology behind such complications to enhance the safety of COVID-19 vaccinations in the future.},
}
@article {pmid35584459,
year = {2022},
author = {Marques, LLM and Beneti, SC and Pinzon, C and Cardoso, FAR},
title = {Ivermectin as a possible treatment for COVID-19: a review of the 2022 protocols.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of biology = Revista brasleira de biologia},
volume = {84},
number = {},
pages = {e258325},
doi = {10.1590/1519-6984.258325},
pmid = {35584459},
issn = {1678-4375},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Brazil ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Ivermectin/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Ivermectin is a safe and effective drug in humans and has been approved for use in numerous parasitic infections for over 50 years. In addition, many studies have already shown its antiviral activity. Ivermectin is generally well tolerated, with no indication of central nervous system-associated toxicity at doses up to 10 times the highest FDA-approved dose of 200 µg/kg. The in vitro results of ivermectin for reducing SARS-CoV-2 viral load are promising and show that Ivermectin kills SARS-CoV-2 within 48 hours. A hypothesized mechanism of action for this drug is a likely inhibition of IMPα/β1-mediated nuclear import of viral proteins as demonstrated for other RNA viruses. However, controlled and randomized studies are needed to prove its effectiveness in COVID-19 in humans. In a single in vivo study with published results, patients confirmed to be infected with SARS-CoV-2 received at least one dose of ivermectin at any time during hospitalization. The use of ivermectin was associated with lower mortality during treatment with COVID-19, especially in patients who required increased inspired oxygen or ventilatory support. Additionally, 81 studies with the clinical use of ivermectin in humans are being carried out worldwide according to ClinicalTrials.gov. However, none of these data has been published so far. However, private and public entities in Brazil have been adopting this drug in their protocols as prophylaxis and in the initial phase of the disease. In addition, ivermectin has been used in mass treatment to prevent onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis in sub-Saharan Africa for many years. Surprisingly, this region has the lowest proportional mortality rate among the continents, despite the increasing numbers of infected people released by the World Health Organization.},
}
@article {pmid35232337,
year = {2022},
author = {Beeraka, NM and Tulimilli, SV and Greeshma, MV and Dallavalasa, S and Zhang, Y and Xiao, W and Fan, R and Zhao, D and Bettadapura, ADS and Nataraj, SM and Madhunapantula, SV and Liu, J},
title = {COVID-19 Effects on Geriatric Population and Failures of Aminoquinoline Therapy: Compilation of Studies from EU, USA, and China; Safety and Efficacy of Vaccines in the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {20},
pages = {3601-3621},
doi = {10.2174/0929867329666220301113146},
pmid = {35232337},
issn = {1875-533X},
support = {81703158//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Aged ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Chloroquine/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mortality of the older adult population suffering from COVID-19 has been increasing at an alarming rate, and people older than 76 years of age reported 18% mortality. Mainly, the EU and USA exhibited a greater fatality rate due to lack of selective immunization and anti-SARS Co-V-2 therapeutics. Very limited reports are available to delineate the impact of COVID-19 on the geriatric population and the failures of aminoquinoline therapy.
METHODS: We performed a substantial literature review in the PubMed/Medline databases to extract the information pertaining to the COVID-19 impact on the geriatric population and recent failures of aminoquinoline therapy in COVID-19 patients of EU, China, USA and the requirement of vaccination.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: Both parental strains and mutant variants of SARS Co-V-2 can induce severe respiratory complications, multiorgan failure, and clotting abnormalities in older adults due to low immunocompetence. Aminoquinoline derivatives, such as chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), are preferred primarily for COVID-19 treatment, but several controversies are being reported for its usage worldwide. In this review, we have provided the effects of COVID-19 on the geriatric population of EU and an overview of the mechanism of action of aminoquinolines. Furthermore, CQ and HCQ are not the preferred choice of drugs if the COVID-19 patients already have existing co-morbid conditions viz., diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
CONCLUSION: A new advent of COVID-19 vaccines, such as nucleic acid-based (DNA/mRNA) vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and inactivated vaccines, have been developed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection after the failure of aminoquinoline therapy in EU, China, and USA patients. However, some of the vaccines are yet to be examined against mutant strains of SARS CoV-2 that originated in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa, Brazil, and India.},
}
@article {pmid35175016,
year = {2022},
author = {Sguanci, M and Mandolfino, F},
title = {Standardized perioperative practice in surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review of the evidence.},
journal = {Minerva surgery},
volume = {77},
number = {3},
pages = {263-271},
doi = {10.23736/S2724-5691.22.09417-5},
pmid = {35175016},
issn = {2724-5438},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Global Health ; Humans ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Operating Rooms ; Pandemics ; Personal Protective Equipment ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic activated a global health crisis. The best practice in operating room (OR) is a discussed argument. This review was performed to clarify the importance and effectiveness of standardized clinical practice (procedure, organization, guidance), identifying contemporary evidence deduced from some international experience. We decided to make a narrative review that analyses the most current shared guidelines and procedures in management of COVID-19 patients in perioperative theatre.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Medline was searched using PubMed (from 1 April 2020 to 22 December 2020) for relevant study according with Prisma Guidelines. The studies were assessed and classified for levels of evidence and recommendation. Three factors were extracted: OR organization, personnel safety and procedures.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: 44 articles were identified: eleven met eligibility criteria: of these, four articles are expert opinion/experience/descriptive study, one is a multicenter/descriptive study and six are review/systematic review. 33 articles were excluded because did not meet inclusion criteria. The studies selection is focused on clinical processes in the operating theatre, guidelines for the OR safety, correct procedures for personal protective equipment use, experience and recommendations related to COVID-19 context.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the modest number of studies and high evidence, all the publications show agreement about many aspects of OR practice. Global experiences selection confirms the role and the importance of a standardized practice in operating theatre instead personal interpretation; this study aims to provide a guidelines qualitative synthesis for all surgical staff, enclosing basic behaviors for the staff and patient safety in a complex assistant approach on a pandemic time.},
}
@article {pmid34086552,
year = {2022},
author = {Patel, P and Yadav, BK and Patel, G},
title = {State-of-the-Art and Projected Developments of Nanofiber Filter Material for Face Mask Against COVID-19.},
journal = {Recent patents on nanotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {262-270},
doi = {10.2174/1872210515666210604110946},
pmid = {34086552},
issn = {2212-4020},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Masks ; *Nanofibers ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 epidemic was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. It is difficult to foresee the future length and severity; it may extend to weeks, months, or even years to deplete the energy and resources of the health care facilities and the providers as there is marginal to no pharmacological medication available to treat the Covid-19. Unless an effective pharmacological treatment such as medicines and vaccines is developed and released publicly, wearing protective face masks and protecting personal health and hygiene is merely a choice to avoid the Covid-19 spread. This review summarizes the background knowledge on the Covid-19 disease and currently available face masks for highly infectious disease primary prevention. According to recent studies of Covid-19 prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, nanotechnologists have provided a revolutionary approach that involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological steps, one of which is the use of nanofibers in facemasks and respirators.
METHODS: Various researches carried out in the field of nanomask and patented reports based on the application of nanomask were reviewed.
CONCLUSION: The most recent developments of nanofibers, including research publications, patents and commercial products in Covid-19 prevention, are extensively reviewed from scientific literature and appropriately represented in this study.},
}
@article {pmid35613644,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, T and Wang, Z and Wang, C and Huang, J and Zhou, M},
title = {Chlorination in the pandemic times: The current state of the art for monitoring chlorine residual in water and chlorine exposure in air.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {156193},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156193},
pmid = {35613644},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of chlorine-based disinfectants has surged due to their excellent performance and cost-effectiveness in intercepting the spread of the virus and bacteria in water and air. Many authorities have demanded strict chlorine dosage for disinfection to ensure sufficient chlorine residual for inactivating viruses and bacteria while not posing harmful effects to humans as well as the environment. Reliable chlorine sensing techniques have therefore become the keys to ensure a balance between chlorine disinfection efficiency and disinfection safety. Up to now, there is still a lack of comprehensive review that collates and appraises the recently available techniques from a practical point of view. In this work, we intend to present a detailed overview of the recent advances in monitoring chlorine in both dissolved and gaseous forms aiming to present valuable information in terms of method accuracy, sensitivity, stability, reliability, and applicability, which in turn guides future sensor development. Data on the analytical performance of different techniques and environmental impacts associated with the dominated chemical-based techniques are thus discussed. Finally, this study concluded with highlights of gaps in knowledge and trends for future chlorine sensing development. Due to the increasing use of chlorine in disinfection and chemical synthesis, we believe the information present in this review is a relevant and timely resource for the water treatment industry, healthcare sector, and environmental organizations.},
}
@article {pmid35612967,
year = {2022},
author = {Samimisedeh, P and Jafari Afshar, E and Shafiabadi Hassani, N and Rastad, H},
title = {Cardiac MRI Findings in COVID-19 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis: A Pooled Analysis of 468 Patients.},
journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmri.28268},
pmid = {35612967},
issn = {1522-2586},
abstract = {Understanding the pattern and severity of myocarditis caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is imperative for improving the care of the patients, and cardiac evaluation by MRI plays a key role in this regard. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize cardiac MRI findings in COVID-19 vaccine-related myocarditis. We performed a comprehensive systematic review of literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using key terms covering COVID-19 vaccine, myocarditis, and cardiac MRI. Individual-level patient data (IPD) and aggregated-level data (AD) studies were pooled through a two-stage analysis method. For this purpose, all IPD were first gathered into a single data set and reduced to AD, and then this AD (from IPD studies) was pooled with existing AD (from the AD studies) using fixed/random effect models. I2 was used to assess the degree of heterogeneity, and the prespecified level of statistical significance (P value for heterogeneity) was <0.1. Based on meta-analysis of 102 studies (n = 468 patients), 79% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54%-97%) of patients fulfilled Lake Louise criteria (LLC) for diagnosis of myocarditis. Cardiac MRI abnormalities included elevated T2 in 72% (95% CI: 50%-90%), myocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in 93% (95% CI: 83%-99%; nearly all with a subepicardial and/or midwall pattern), impaired left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<50%) in 4% (95% CI: 1.0%-9.0%). Moreover, elevated T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) (>30), reported only by some IPD studies, were detected in 74.5% (76/102) and 32% (16/50) of patients, respectively. In conclusion, our findings may suggest that over two-thirds of patients with clinically suspected myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination meet the LLC. COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis may show a similar pattern compared to other acute myocarditis entities. Notably, preserved LVEF is probably a common finding in these patients. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 4 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.},
}
@article {pmid35612311,
year = {2022},
author = {Fernandes, GFS and Thompson, AM and Castagnolo, D and Denny, WA and Dos Santos, JL},
title = {Tuberculosis Drug Discovery: Challenges and New Horizons.},
journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00227},
pmid = {35612311},
issn = {1520-4804},
abstract = {Over the past 2000 years, tuberculosis (TB) has claimed more lives than any other infectious disease. In 2020 alone, TB was responsible for 1.5 million deaths worldwide, comparable to the 1.8 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The World Health Organization has stated that new TB drugs must be developed to end this pandemic. After decades of neglect in this field, a renaissance era of TB drug discovery has arrived, in which many novel candidates have entered clinical trials. However, while hundreds of molecules are reported annually as promising anti-TB agents, very few successfully progress to clinical development. In this Perspective, we critically review those anti-TB compounds published in the last 6 years that demonstrate good in vivo efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additionally, we highlight the main challenges and strategies for developing new TB drugs and the current global pipeline of drug candidates in clinical studies to foment fresh research perspectives.},
}
@article {pmid35611385,
year = {2022},
author = {Möhnle, P and Humpe, A and Boeck, M and Gruetzner, S and Hackstein, H and Offner, R and Hildebrandt, M},
title = {Emergency Use of Convalescent Plasma: Perception of the Regulatory Framework from a Clinical Perspective.},
journal = {Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie},
volume = {49},
number = {2},
pages = {119-124},
doi = {10.1159/000519841},
pmid = {35611385},
issn = {1660-3796},
abstract = {The pandemic spread of an infectious disease poses a plethora of challenges to society, clinicians, health care providers and regulating authorities. In order to mount a rapid response and to provide hope in a potentially catastrophic situation as the current COVID-19 pandemic, emergency plans, regulations and funding strategies have to be developed on regional, national and international levels. The speed needed to establish rapid response programs is challenged by the dynamics of the spread of the disease, the concurrent and competing development of different and potentially more effective treatment options, and not the least by regulatory uncertainty. Convalescent plasma, that is plasma collected from patients who have recovered from COVID-19 infections, has emerged as one of the first potential treatment options in the absence of drugs or vaccines with proven efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The societal aspects of convalescent plasma and the public awareness gave an additional boost to the rapid employment of convalescent plasma donation platforms immediately after the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. At the same time, uncertainty remains as to the efficacy of convalescent plasma. With evidence mostly limited to empirical reports, convalescent plasma has been used for decades for the prophylaxis and treatment of various infectious diseases. Clinical trials have addressed different infectious agents, stages of disease, target groups of patients and yielded sometimes inconclusive results. The aim of this short review is to delineate the regulatory background for the emergency use of convalescent plasma in the USA, in the European Union and in Germany, and the transition to the setting of clinical trials. In addition, we describe observations made in the process of collecting COVID-19 convalescent plasma (herein referred to as CCP), and formulate proposals to further improve the framework for rapid responses in future emergency situations.},
}
@article {pmid35611351,
year = {2022},
author = {Alibeik, N and Pishgar, E and Bozorgmehr, R and Aghaaliakbari, F and Rahimian, N},
title = {Potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19, its relationship with lung axis, central nervous system (CNS) axis, and improvement with probiotic therapy.},
journal = {Iranian journal of microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.18502/ijm.v14i1.8794},
pmid = {35611351},
issn = {2008-3289},
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease caused by a new corona virus. COVID-19 affects different people in different ways. COVID-19 could affect the gastrointestinal system via gut microbiota impairment. Gut microbiota could affect lung health through a relationship between gut and lung microbiota, which is named gut-lung axis. Gut microbiota impairment plays a role in pathogenesis of various pulmonary disease states, so GI diseases were found to be associated with respiratory diseases. Moreover, most infected people will develop mild to moderate gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomachache, which is caused by impairment in gut microbiota. Therefore, the current study aimed to review potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19, its relation with lung axis, Central Nervous System (CNS) axis and improvement with probiotic therapy. Also, this review can be a guide for potential role of gut microbiota in patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35611346,
year = {2022},
author = {Higdon, MM and Wahl, B and Jones, CB and Rosen, JG and Truelove, SA and Baidya, A and Nande, AA and ShamaeiZadeh, PA and Walter, KK and Feikin, DR and Patel, MK and Deloria Knoll, M and Hill, AL},
title = {A Systematic Review of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine Efficacy and Effectiveness Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection and Disease.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {ofac138},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofac138},
pmid = {35611346},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Billions of doses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been administered globally, dramatically reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incidence and severity in some settings. Many studies suggest vaccines provide a high degree of protection against infection and disease, but precise estimates vary and studies differ in design, outcomes measured, dosing regime, location, and circulating virus strains. In this study, we conduct a systematic review of COVID-19 vaccines through February 2022. We included efficacy data from Phase 3 clinical trials for 15 vaccines undergoing World Health Organization Emergency Use Listing evaluation and real-world effectiveness for 8 vaccines with observational studies meeting inclusion criteria. Vaccine metrics collected include protection against asymptomatic infection, any infection, symptomatic COVID-19, and severe outcomes including hospitalization and death, for partial or complete vaccination, and against variants of concern Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. We additionally review the epidemiological principles behind the design and interpretation of vaccine efficacy and effectiveness studies, including important sources of heterogeneity.},
}
@article {pmid35611340,
year = {2022},
author = {Sena, CM and Gonçalves, L and Seiça, R},
title = {Methods to evaluate vascular function: a crucial approach towards predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine.},
journal = {The EPMA journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-27},
doi = {10.1007/s13167-022-00280-7},
pmid = {35611340},
issn = {1878-5077},
abstract = {Endothelium, the gatekeeper of our blood vessels, is highly heterogeneous and a crucial physical barrier with the ability to produce vasoactive and protective mediators under physiological conditions. It regulates vascular tone, haemostasis, vascular inflammation, remodelling, and angiogenesis. Several cardio-, reno-, and cerebrovascular diseases begin with the dysfunction of endothelial cells, and more recently, COVID-19 was also associated with endothelial disease highlighting the need to monitor its function towards prevention and reduction of vascular dysfunction. Endothelial cells are an important therapeutic target in predictive, preventive, and personalised (3P) medicine with upmost importance in vascular diseases. The development of novel non-invasive techniques to access endothelial dysfunction for use in combination with existing clinical imaging modalities provides a feasible opportunity to reduce the burden of vascular disease. This review summarises recent advances in the principles of endothelial function measurements. This article presents an overview of invasive and non-invasive techniques to determine vascular function and their major advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the article describes mechanisms underlying the regulation of vascular function and dysfunction and potential new biomarkers of endothelial damage. Recognising these biomarkers is fundamental towards a shift from reactive to 3P medicine in the vascular field. Identifying vascular dysfunction earlier with non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques adds value to predictive diagnostics and targeted prevention (primary, secondary, tertiary care). In addition, vascular dysfunction is a potential target for treatments tailored to the person.},
}
@article {pmid35611320,
year = {2022},
author = {Robson, B},
title = {Towards faster response against emerging epidemics and prediction of variants of concern.},
journal = {Informatics in medicine unlocked},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100966},
doi = {10.1016/j.imu.2022.100966},
pmid = {35611320},
issn = {2352-9148},
abstract = {The author, the journal, Computers in Biology and Medicine (CBM), and Elsevier Press more generally, played a helpful very early role in responding to COVID-19. Within a few days of the appearance of the "Wuhan Seafood isolate" genome on GenBank, a bioinformatics study was posted by the present author in ResearchGate in January 2020, "Preliminary Bioinformatics Studies on the Design of Synthetic Vaccines and Preventative Peptidomimetic Antagonists against the Wuhan Seafood Market Coronavirus. Possible Importance of the KRSFIEDLLFNKV Motif" DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18275.09761. On February 2nd, 2020, a more thorough analysis was submitted to CBM, e-published on February 26, and formally published in April 2020, at about the same time as the virus named as 2019n-CoV was identified as essentially SARS and renames SARS-COV-2. This was followed by four further papers describing in more detail some previously unreported aspects of the early investigation. The speed of research and writing of the papers was made possible by knowledge gathering tools. Based on this and earlier experiences with fast responses to emerging epidemics such as HIV and Mad Cow Disease, it is possible to envisage the nature of a speedier response to emerging epidemics and new variants of concern in established epidemics.},
}
@article {pmid35611316,
year = {2022},
author = {Babaei, A and Pouremamali, A and Rafiee, N and Sohrabi, H and Mokhtarzadeh, A and de la Guardia, M},
title = {Genosensors as an alternative diagnostic sensing approaches for specific detection of various certain viruses: a review of common techniques and outcomes.},
journal = {Trends in analytical chemistry : TRAC},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {116686},
doi = {10.1016/j.trac.2022.116686},
pmid = {35611316},
issn = {0165-9936},
abstract = {Viral infections are responsible for the deaths of millions of people throughout the world. Since outbreak of highly contagious and mutant viruses such as contemporary sars-cov-2 pandemic, has challenged the conventional diagnostic methods, the entity of a thoroughly sensitive, specific, rapid and inexpensive detecting technique with minimum level of false-positivity or -negativity, is desperately needed more than any time in the past decades. Biosensors as minimized devices could detect viruses in simple formats. So far, various nucleic acid, immune- and protein-based biosensors were designed and tested for recognizing the genome, antigen, or protein level of viruses, respectively; however, nucleic acid-based sensing techniques, which is the foundation of constructing genosensors, are preferred not only because of their ultra-sensitivity and applicability in the early stages of infections but also for their ability to differentiate various strains of the same virus. To date, the review articles related to genosensors are just confined to particular pathogenic diseases; In this regard, the present review covers comprehensive information of the research progress of the electrochemical, optical, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) genosensors that applied for human viruses' diseases detection and also provides a well description of viruses' clinical importance, the conventional diagnosis approaches of viruses and their disadvantages. This review would address the limitations in the current developments as well as the future challenges involved in the successful construction of sensing approaches with the functionalized nanomaterials and also allow exploring into core-research works regarding this area.},
}
@article {pmid35611257,
year = {2022},
author = {Hariyanto, TI and Jodhinata, C and Halim, DA and Kurniawan, A},
title = {Association between viral hepatitis and increased risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Gastroenterology and hepatology from bed to bench},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {9-14},
pmid = {35611257},
issn = {2008-2258},
abstract = {Aim: The purpose of the current study is to analyze the potential association between viral hepatitis and the severity of COVID-19.
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide concern that has created major issues with many aspects. It is important to identify the risk factors for severe outcomes of this disease. To date, no association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 has not been established.
Methods: Through November 5th, 2020, the databases of PubMed, Google Scholar, and medRxiv were systematically searched using specific keywords related to the focus of the study. All articles published on COVID-19 and viral hepatitis were retrieved. The Mantel-Haenszel formula with random-effects models was used to obtain the risk ratio (RR) along with its 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous variables. The two-tailed p-value was set with a value ≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Restricted-maximum likelihood meta-regression was done for several variables, such as age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, and other liver disease.
Results: Analysis results included a total of 16 studies with a total of 14,682 patients. Meta-analysis showed that viral hepatitis increases the risk of developing severe COVID-19 (RR 1.68 (95% CI 1.26 - 2.22), p = 0.0003, I 2 = 21%, random-effect modeling). According to the meta-regression analysis, the association between viral hepatitis and severe COVID-19 was not influenced by age (p = 0.067), diabetes (p = 0.057), or other liver disease (p = 0.646).
Conclusion: An increase of severe COVID-19 risk is associated with viral hepatitis. To reduce the risk of COVID-19, patients with viral hepatitis should be monitored carefully.},
}
@article {pmid35611161,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, LG and Wang, L},
title = {Current Strategies in Treating Cytokine Release Syndrome Triggered by Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {ImmunoTargets and therapy},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {23-35},
doi = {10.2147/ITT.S360151},
pmid = {35611161},
issn = {2253-1556},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the treatments and management of the deadly COVID-19 disease have made great progress. The strategies for developing novel treatments against COVID-19 include antiviral small molecule drugs, cell and gene therapies, immunomodulators, neutralizing antibodies, and combination therapies. Among them, immunomodulators are the most studied treatments. The small molecule antiviral drugs and immunoregulators are expected to be effective against viral variants of SARS-CoV-2 as these drugs target either conservative parts of the virus or common pathways of inflammation. Although the immunoregulators have shown benefits in reducing mortality of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) triggered by SARS-CoV-2 infections, extensive investigations on this class of treatment to launch novel therapies that substantially improve efficacy and reduce side effects are still warranted. Moreover, great challenges have emerged as the SARS-CoV-2 virus quickly, frequently, and continuously evolved. This review provides an update and summarizes the recent advances in the treatment of COVID-19 and in particular emphasized the strategies in managing CRS triggered by SARS-CoV-2. A brief perspective in the battle against the deadly disease was also provided.},
}
@article {pmid35611115,
year = {2022},
author = {Rudrapati, R},
title = {Using industrial 4.0 technologies to combat the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103811},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103811},
pmid = {35611115},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The COVID 19 (Coronavirus) pandemic has led to a surge in the demand for healthcare devices, pre-cautions, or medicines along with advanced information technology. It has become a global mission to control the Coronavirus to prevent the death of innocent people. The fourth industrial revolution (I4.0) is a new approach to thinking that is proposed across a wide range of industries and services to achieve greater success and quality of life. Several initiatives associated with industry 4.0 are expected to make a difference in the fight against COVID-19. Implementing I4.0 components effectively could lead to a reduction in barriers between patients and healthcare workers and could result in improved communication between them. The present study aims to review the components of I4.0 and related tools used to combat the Coronavirus. This article highlights the benefits of each component of the I4.0, which is useful in controlling the spread of COVID-19. From the present study, it is stated that I4.0 technologies could provide an effective solution to deal with local as well as global medical crises in an innovative way.},
}
@article {pmid35610645,
year = {2022},
author = {Badalov, E and Blackler, L and Scharf, AE and Matsoukas, K and Chawla, S and Voigt, LP and Kuflik, A},
title = {COVID-19 double jeopardy: the overwhelming impact of the social determinants of health.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {76},
pmid = {35610645},
issn = {1475-9276},
support = {P30 CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has strained healthcare systems by creating a tragic imbalance between needs and resources. Governments and healthcare organizations have adapted to this pronounced scarcity by applying allocation guidelines to facilitate life-or-death decision-making, reduce bias, and save as many lives as possible. However, we argue that in societies beset by longstanding inequities, these approaches fall short as mortality patterns for historically discriminated against communities have been disturbingly higher than in the general population.
METHODS: We review attack and fatality rates; survey allocation protocols designed to deal with the extreme scarcity characteristic of the earliest phases of the pandemic; and highlight the larger ethical perspectives (Utilitarianism, non-Utilitarian Rawlsian justice) that might justify such allocation practices.
RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically amplified the dire effects of disparities with respect to the social determinants of health. Patients in historically marginalized groups not only have significantly poorer health prospects but also lower prospects of accessing high quality medical care and benefitting from it even when available. Thus, mortality among minority groups has ranged from 1.9 to 2.4 times greater than the rest of the population. Standard allocation schemas, that prioritize those most likely to benefit, perpetuate and may even exacerbate preexisting systemic injustices.
CONCLUSIONS: To be better prepared for the inevitable next pandemic, we must urgently begin the monumental project of addressing and reforming the structural inequities in US society that account for the strikingly disparate mortality rates we have witnessed over the course of the current pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35610479,
year = {2022},
author = {Hernández-Vásquez, A and Barrenechea-Pulache, A and Comandé, D and Azañedo, D},
title = {Mouthrinses and SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva: a living systematic review.},
journal = {Evidence-based dentistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41432-022-0253-z},
pmid = {35610479},
issn = {1476-5446},
abstract = {Objective To conduct a living systematic review of the clinical evidence about the effect of different mouthrinses on the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of infected patients.Methods This study was reported using the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases and preprint repositories. We included human clinical trials that evaluated the effect of mouthrinses with antiseptic substances on the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in the saliva of children or adults, who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021240561.Results Five studies were included (n = 66 participants). Study participants underwent oral rinses with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at 1%, povidone-iodine (PI) at 0.5% or 1%, chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) at 0.2% or 0.12%, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) at 0.075%, and Linolasept. Only one study included a control group with sterile water. Three of the studies identified a reduction in viral load in saliva after the use of mouthrinses with PI (up to three hours), CHX (up to four hours), or Linolasept mouthwash (up to six hours). One study reported a statistically significant reduction after the use of mouthrinses with CPC or PI vs water (up to six hours) and one study reported a non-significant reduction in viral load after the use of H2O2 rinses.Conclusions According to the present systematic review, the effect of mouthrinses on SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the saliva of COVID-19 patients remains uncertain. Evidence from well-designed randomised clinical trials is required for further and more objective evaluation of this effect.},
}
@article {pmid35610165,
year = {2022},
author = {Drosos, AA and Pelechas, E and Voulgari, PV},
title = {Treatment strategies of COVID-19: A rheumatology perspective.},
journal = {European journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2022.05.014},
pmid = {35610165},
issn = {1879-0828},
abstract = {The clinical progression of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to critical illness is associated with a systemic and uncontrolled inflammatory response of the innate and adaptive immunity with the release of a plethora of proinflammatory cytokines termed "cytokine storm". In the absence of an effective treatment, many off-label agents from the armamentarium of rheumatology are used. Here, from the perspective of a rheumatologist, we will discuss the current therapeutic strategies in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Thus, we will discuss the agents that aim to target viral entry and its replication into the host cell and those focusing and targeting the inflammatory response. In this setting, many agents have been used with promising results but, not all have been approved by the International Authorities and Institutions. In the first step (viral entry), SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and remdesivir have been approved to be used and, in the second step, corticosteroids along with interleukin-6 inhibitors, or Janus Kinase inhibitors are currently used.},
}
@article {pmid35610123,
year = {2022},
author = {Nunes, MC and Madhi, SA},
title = {COVID-19 vaccines in pregnancy.},
journal = {Trends in molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.012},
pmid = {35610123},
issn = {1471-499X},
abstract = {COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has been associated with severe illness in pregnant women. Furthermore, COVID-19 during pregnancy is associated with adverse fetal outcomes including preterm labor. Pregnant women were largely excluded from initial clinical trials investigating the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines; however, they have since been included as part of the routine roll-out of these vaccines. This narrative review synthesizes the evidence on the safety, immunogenicity, and effectiveness predominantly of the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines which have been most widely used in pregnant women.},
}
@article {pmid35430265,
year = {2022},
author = {Ong, SQ and Pauzi, MBM and Gan, KH},
title = {Text mining in mosquito-borne disease: A systematic review.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {231},
number = {},
pages = {106447},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106447},
pmid = {35430265},
issn = {1873-6254},
mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19 ; Data Mining ; *Dengue/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mosquito Vectors ; *Vector Borne Diseases ; *Zika Virus ; *Zika Virus Infection/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Mosquito-borne diseases are emerging and re-emerging across the globe, especially after the COVID19 pandemic. The recent advances in text mining in infectious diseases hold the potential of providing timely access to explicit and implicit associations among information in the text. In the past few years, the availability of online text data in the form of unstructured or semi-structured text with rich content of information from this domain enables many studies to provide solutions in this area, e.g., disease-related knowledge discovery, disease surveillance, early detection system, etc. However, a recent review of text mining in the domain of mosquito-borne disease was not available to the best of our knowledge. In this review, we survey the recent works in the text mining techniques used in combating mosquito-borne diseases. We highlight the corpus sources, technologies, applications, and the challenges faced by the studies, followed by the possible future directions that can be taken further in this domain. We present a bibliometric analysis of the 294 scientific articles that have been published in Scopus and PubMed in the domain of text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, from the year 2016 to 2021. The papers were further filtered and reviewed based on the techniques used to analyze the text related to mosquito-borne diseases. Based on the corpus of 158 selected articles, we found 27 of the articles were relevant and used text mining in mosquito-borne diseases. These articles covered the majority of Zika (38.70%), Dengue (32.26%), and Malaria (29.03%), with extremely low numbers or none of the other crucial mosquito-borne diseases like chikungunya, yellow fever, West Nile fever. Twitter was the dominant corpus resource to perform text mining in mosquito-borne diseases, followed by PubMed and LexisNexis databases. Sentiment analysis was the most popular technique of text mining to understand the discourse of the disease and followed by information extraction, which dependency relation and co-occurrence-based approach to extract relations and events. Surveillance was the main usage of most of the reviewed studies and followed by treatment, which focused on the drug-disease or symptom-disease association. The advance in text mining could improve the management of mosquito-borne diseases. However, the technique and application posed many limitations and challenges, including biases like user authentication and language, real-world implementation, etc. We discussed the future direction which can be useful to expand this area and domain. This review paper contributes mainly as a library for text mining in mosquito-borne diseases and could further explore the system for other neglected diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35040405,
year = {2022},
author = {Sahoo, BM and Bhattamisra, SK and Das, S and Tiwari, A and Tiwari, V and Kumar, M and Singh, S},
title = {Computational Approach to Combat COVID-19 Infection: Emerging Tools for Accelerating Drug Research.},
journal = {Current drug discovery technologies},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {40-53},
doi = {10.2174/1570163819666220117161308},
pmid = {35040405},
issn = {1875-6220},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The process of drug discovery and development is expensive, complex, timeconsuming, and risky. There are different techniques involved in the process of drug development, including random screening, computational approaches, molecular manipulation, and serendipitous research. Among these methods, the computational approach is considered an efficient strategy to accelerate and economize the drug discovery process.
OBJECTIVE: This approach is mainly applied in various phases of the drug discovery process, including target identification, target validation, lead identification, and lead optimization. Due to the increase in the availability of information regarding various biological targets of different disease states, computational approaches such as molecular docking, de novo design, molecular similarity calculation, virtual screening, pharmacophore-based modeling, and pharmacophore mapping have been applied extensively.
METHODS: Various drug molecules can be designed by applying computational tools to explore the drug candidates for the treatment of Coronavirus infection. The World Health Organization announced the coronavirus disease as COVID-19 and declared it a global pandemic on 11 February 2020. Therefore, it is thought of interest to the scientific community to apply computational methods to design and optimize the pharmacological properties of various clinically available and FDA-approved drugs such as remdesivir, ribavirin, favipiravir, oseltamivir, ritonavir, arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, carfilzomib, baraticinib, prulifloxacin, etc., for effective treatment of COVID-19 infection.
RESULTS: Further, various survey reports suggest that extensive studies are carried out by various research communities to find out the safety and efficacy profile of these drug candidates.
CONCLUSION: This review is focused on the study of various aspects of these drugs related to their target sites on the virus, binding interactions, physicochemical properties, etc.},
}
@article {pmid34994337,
year = {2022},
author = {Bakkari, MA and Moni, SS and Sultan, MH and Madkhali, OA},
title = {Monoclonal Antibodies and their Target Specificity Against SARS-CoV-2 Infections: Perspectives and Challenges.},
journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {64-78},
doi = {10.2174/1872208316666220106110014},
pmid = {34994337},
issn = {2212-4012},
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Cytokines ; Humans ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry/genetics ; },
abstract = {The world continues to be in the midst of a distressing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus with multiple antigenic systems. The virus enters via nasopharynx, oral and infects cells by the expression of the spike protein, and enters the lungs using the angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 receptor. The spectrum of specific immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is increasingly challenging as frequent mutations have been reported and their antigen specificity varies accordingly. The development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) will have a more significant advantage in suppressing SARS-CoV-2 virus infectivity. Recently, mAbs have been developed to target included specific neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The use of the therapeutic index of mAbs that can elicit neutralization by binding to the viral spike protein and suppress the cytokine network is a classic therapeutic approach for a potential cure. The development of mAbs against B-cell function as well as inhibition of the cytokine network has also been a focus in recent research. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mAbs as antibody cocktail preparations against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Target specific therapeutic accomplishment with mAbs, a milestone in the modern therapeutic age, can be used to achieve a specific therapeutic strategy to suppress SARS-CoV-2 virus infection. This review focuses on the molecular aspects of the cytokine network and antibody formation to better understand the development of mAbs against SARS- CoV-2 infection along with recent patents.},
}
@article {pmid34488601,
year = {2022},
author = {Selvaraj, C and Dinesh, DC and Krafcikova, P and Boura, E and Aarthy, M and Pravin, MA and Singh, SK},
title = {Structural Understanding of SARS-CoV-2 Drug Targets, Active Site Contour Map Analysis and COVID-19 Therapeutics.},
journal = {Current molecular pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {418-433},
doi = {10.2174/1874467214666210906125959},
pmid = {34488601},
issn = {1874-4702},
support = {117/2021//Tamil Nadu State Council for Higher Education (TANSCHE)/ ; 61388963, L200551951//Academy of Sciences of Czech Republic/ ; },
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Catalytic Domain ; Communicable Disease Control ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The pandemic, caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2), is responsible for multiple worldwide lockdowns, an economic crisis, and a substantial increase in hospitalizations for viral pneumonia along with respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunctions. Recently, the first few vaccines were approved by World Health Organization (WHO) and can eventually save millions of lives. Even though, few drugs are used in emergency like Remdesivir and several other repurposed drugs, still there is no approved drug for COVID-19. The coronaviral encoded proteins involved in host-cell entry, replication, and host-cell invading mechanism are potential therapeutic targets. This perspective review provides the molecular overview of SARS-CoV-2 life cycle for summarizing potential drug targets, structural insights, active site contour map analyses of those selected SARS-CoV-2 protein targets for drug discovery, immunology, and pathogenesis.},
}
@article {pmid34353275,
year = {2022},
author = {Sushma, DS and Jaiswal, V and Kumar, A and Asha, S and Pal, T},
title = {Insights into Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Current Understanding, Research, and Therapeutic Updates.},
journal = {Recent patents on biotechnology},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {35-63},
doi = {10.2174/1872208315666210805152122},
pmid = {34353275},
issn = {2212-4012},
support = {LSI- 576/2013//Department of Science and Technology, DST- FIST/ ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Testing ; Humans ; Immunization, Passive ; Patents as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Humans can be infected with various coronaviruses that can cause serious illness and death. One such pandemic strain of coronavirus was recently identified in December 2019, and it led to a devastating outbreak in Wuhan city of China. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2). It is highly contagious and causes symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to highlight the current understanding, research, and therapeutic updates of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
METHODS: A thorough literature search was conducted for research papers and patents in the context of COVID-19. All the related articles were extracted from various public repositories such as Google Scholar, Pubmed, ScienceDirect (Elsevier), Springer, Web of Science, etc. Results: The present analysis revealed that the key areas of the inventions were vaccines and diagnostic kits apart from developing the treatment of CoV. It was also observed that no specific vaccine treatments were available for the treatment of 2019-nCov; therefore, developing novel chemical or biological drugs and kits for early diagnosis, prevention, and disease management is the primary governing topic among the patented inventions. The present study also indicates potential research opportunities for the future, particularly to combat 2019-nCoV. The current focus of the researches has turned towards developing four potential treatments, including the development of candidate vaccines, development of novel potential drugs, repurposing of existing drugs, and development of convalescent plasma therapy. The PCR based diagnosis is the gold standard for the COVID-19 testing, but it requires resource time, expertise, and high associated cost; hence researchers are also developing different diagnostic methods for the COVID-19. Although vaccines are being developed by various companies and have passed the pre-clinical stages but there still exists no guarantee for these to come into effect. The current treatments that are being used for COVID-19 patients are not well established and have shown limited success.
CONCLUSION: The pandemic has challenged the medical, economic, and public health infrastructure across the globe. There is an urgent need to explore all available and possible methods/ approaches to study this disease for drug and vaccine development at the earliest.},
}
@article {pmid35609781,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, MK and Nimarko, A and Bruno, J and Anand, KJS and Singh, SP},
title = {Can Translational Social Neuroscience Research offer Insights to Mitigate Structural Racism in America?.},
journal = {Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.05.005},
pmid = {35609781},
issn = {2451-9030},
abstract = {Social isolation and conflict due to structural racism may result in human suffering and loneliness across the lifespan. Given the rising prevalence of these problems in America, combined with disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic, the neurobiology of affiliative behaviors may offer practical solutions to the pressing challenges associated with structural racism. Controlled experiments across species demonstrate that social connections are critical to survival, although strengthening individual resilience is insufficient to address the magnitude and impact of structural racism. In contrast, the multi-level construct of social resilience, defined by the power of groups to cultivate, engage in, and sustain positive relationships that endure and recuperate from social adversities, offers unique insights that may have greater impact, reach, and durability than individual-level interventions. Here, we review the putative social resilience-enhancing interventions and, when available, their biological mediators, with the hope to stimulate discovery of novel approaches to mitigate structural racism. We will first explore the social neuroscience principles underlying psychotherapy and other psychiatric interventions. Then, we will explore translational efforts across species to tailor treatments that increase social resilience, with context and cultural sensitivity in mind. Finally, we will conclude with some practical future directions for understudied areas that may be essential for progress in biological psychiatry, including ethical ways to increase representation in research and developing social paradigms that inform dynamics toward or away from socially resilient outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid35609743,
year = {2022},
author = {Han, J and Kyu Lee, M and Jang, Y and Cho, WJ and Kim, M},
title = {Repurposing of cyclophilin A inhibitors as broad-spectrum antiviral agents.},
journal = {Drug discovery today},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.drudis.2022.05.016},
pmid = {35609743},
issn = {1878-5832},
abstract = {Cyclophilin A (CypA) is linked to diverse human diseases including viral infections. With the worldwide emergence of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), drug repurposing has been highlighted as a strategy with the potential to speed up antiviral development. Because CypA acts as a proviral component in hepatitis C virus, coronavirus and HIV, its inhibitors have been suggested as potential treatments for these infections. Here, we review the structure of cyclosporin A and sanglifehrin A analogs as well as synthetic micromolecules inhibiting CypA; and we discuss their broad-spectrum antiviral efficacy in the context of the virus lifecycle.},
}
@article {pmid35609530,
year = {2022},
author = {Saavedra, JM},
title = {The Changing Landscape of Children's Diet and Nutrition: New Threats, New Opportunities.},
journal = {Annals of nutrition & metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1159/000524328},
pmid = {35609530},
issn = {1421-9697},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Over the last 30-40 years, we have seen an improvement in global child undernutrition, with major reductions in wasting and stunting. Meanwhile, childhood obesity has dramatically increased, initially in high-income populations and subsequently in the more economically vulnerable. These trends are related to significant changes in diet and external factors, including new environmental threats.
SUMMARY: Obesity rates first increased in older children, then gradually in infants. And in the next couple of years, there will be more overweight and obese than moderately or severely underweight children in the world. The changes in childhood nutritional landscape are a result of poor diets. Today, almost 50% of the world's population consumes either too many or too few calories. Dietary disparities between countries result in disparities of under- and overnutrition and impact the global health landscape. Most children with obesity, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies live in lower income countries and in lower income families within any country. High energy-low nutrient diets are contributing to the increase in non-communicable diseases, which will manifest later in this generation of children. In 1990, child wasting was the #1 leading risk factor for mortality for all ages, and high BMI was #16; today, they are #11 and #5, respectively. COVID-19 and climate change are new major threats to global nutrition. Current and future efforts to improve the state of child nutrition require multisectoral approaches to reprioritize actions which address current trends and emerging threats.},
}
@article {pmid35608994,
year = {2022},
author = {Jörgensen, E and Koller, D and Raman, S and Olatunya, O and Asemota, O and Ekpenyong, BN and Gunnlaugsson, G and Okolo, A},
title = {The voices of children and young people during COVID-19: A critical review of methods.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apa.16422},
pmid = {35608994},
issn = {1651-2227},
abstract = {AIM: Critically review research methods used to elicit children and young people's views and experiences in the first year of COVID-19, using an ethical and child rights lens.
METHODS: Systematic search of peer-reviewed literature on children and young people's perspectives and experiences of COVID-19. LEGEND (Let Evidence Guide Every New Decision) tools were applied to assess the quality of included studies. The critical review methodology addressed four ethical parameters: 1) Duty of care; 2) Children and young people's consent; 3) Communication of findings; and 4) Reflexivity.
RESULTS: Two phases of searches identified 8,131 studies; 27 studies were included for final analysis, representing 43,877 children and young people's views. Most studies were from high-income countries. Three major themes emerged: a) Whose voices are heard; b) How are children and young people heard, and c) How do researchers engage in reflexivity and ethical practice? Online surveys of children and young people from middle-class backgrounds dominated the research during COVID-19. Three studies actively involved children and young people in the research process; two documented a rights-based framework. There was limited attention paid to some ethical issues, particularly the lack of inclusion of children and young people in research processes.
CONCLUSION: There are equity gaps in accessing the experiences of children and young people from disadvantaged settings. Most children and young people were not involved in shaping research methods by soliciting their voices.},
}
@article {pmid35608740,
year = {2022},
author = {Burtchell, J and Clemmons, D and Clemmons, J and Sabutis, T and Rosenberg, A and Graves, J and Sweeney, ML and Kramer, J and Ziehn, M and Brown, B and Weiss, JL and Obeidat, AZ},
title = {A Targeted Literature Search and Phenomenological Review of Perspectives of People with Multiple Sclerosis and Healthcare Professionals of the Immunology of Disease-Modifying Therapies.},
journal = {Neurology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35608740},
issn = {2193-8253},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The mechanisms of action of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are complex and involve an interplay of immune system components. People with MS (PwMS) may lack a clear understanding of the immunological pathways involved in MS and its treatment; effective communication between healthcare professionals (HCPs) and PwMS is needed to facilitate shared decision-making when discussing the disease and selecting DMTs and is particularly important in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.
METHODS: In this patient-authored two-part review, we performed a targeted literature search to assess the need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS regarding treatment selection, and also conducted a qualitative survey of four patient and care-partner authors to obtain insights regarding their understanding of and preferences for the treatment and management of MS.
RESULTS: Following a search of the Embase and MEDLINE databases using Ovid in June 2020, an analysis of 40 journal articles and conference abstracts relating to patient empowerment and decision-making in DMT selection for MS showed a preference for safety and efficacy of treatments, followed by autonomy and convenience of administration. A need for better communication between HCPs and PwMS during treatment selection to improve patient satisfaction was also identified. The open survey responses from the patient authors revealed a need for greater involvement in decision-making processes and desire for improved communication and information tools.
CONCLUSIONS: This targeted literature search and phenomenological review confirms PwMS preferences for empowered decision-making in disease management and treatment selection, to optimize independence, safety, and efficacy. It also identifies an unmet need for improved communication and information tools that convey MS information in a relatable manner. Furthermore, this review seeks to address this unmet need by providing plain language figures and descriptions of MS immune mechanisms that can be used to facilitate discussions between HCPs and PwMS.},
}
@article {pmid35608715,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and El-Bouseary, MM and Sonbol, FI and Batiha, GE},
title = {Hyperviscosity syndrome in COVID-19 and related vaccines: exploring of uncertainties.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35608715},
issn = {1591-9528},
abstract = {Hyperviscosity syndrome (HVS) recently emerged as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 vaccines. Therefore, the objectives of this critical review are to establish the association between COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines with the development of HVS. HVS may develop in various viral infections due to impairment of humoral and cellular immunity with elevation of immunoglobulins. COVID-19 can increase blood viscosity (BV) through modulation of fibrinogen, albumin, lipoproteins, and red blood cell (RBC) indices. HVS can cause cardiovascular and neurological complications in COVID-19 like myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. HVS with or without abnormal RBCs function in COVID-19 participates in the reduction of tissue oxygenation with the development of cardio-metabolic complications and long COVID-19. Besides, HVS may develop in vaccine recipients with previous COVID-19 due to higher underlying Ig concentrations and rarely without previous COVID-19. Similarly, patients with metabolic syndrome are at the highest risk for propagation of HVS after COVID-19 vaccination. In conclusion, COVID-19 and related vaccines are linked with the development of HVS, mainly in patients with previous COVID-19 and underlying metabolic derangements. The possible mechanism of HVS in COVID-19 and related vaccines is increasing levels of fibrinogen and immunoglobulins. However, dehydration, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions are regarded as additional contributing factors in the pathogenesis of HVS in COVID-19. However, this critical review cannot determine the final causal relationship between COVID-19 and related vaccines and the development of HVS. Prospective and retrospective studies are warranted in this field.},
}
@article {pmid35608704,
year = {2022},
author = {Sezer, A and Halilović-Alihodžić, M and Vanwieren, AR and Smajkan, A and Karić, A and Djedović, H and Šutković, J},
title = {A review on drug repurposing in COVID-19: from antiviral drugs to herbal alternatives.},
journal = {Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {78},
pmid = {35608704},
issn = {2090-5920},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an illness caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Due to its rapid spread, in March 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared pandemic. Since the outbreak of pandemic many governments, scientists, and institutions started to work on new vaccines and finding of new and repurposing drugs. Drug repurposing is an excellent option for discovery of already used drugs, effective against COVID-19, lowering the cost of production, and shortening the period of delivery, especially when preclinical safety studies have already been performed. There are many approved drugs that showed significant results against COVID-19, like ivermectin and hydrochloroquine, including alternative treatment options against COVID-19, utilizing herbal medicine.
SHORT CONCLUSION: This article summarized 11 repurposing drugs, their positive and negative health implications, along with traditional herbal alternatives, that harvest strong potential in efficient treatments options against COVID-19, with small or no significant side effects. Out of 11 repurposing drugs, four drugs are in status of emergency approval, most of them being in phase IV clinical trials. The first repurposing drug approved for clinical usage is remdesivir, whereas chloroquine and hydrochloroquine approval for emergency use was revoked by FDA for COVID-19 treatment in June 2020.},
}
@article {pmid35607835,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, Y and Jiang, L and Liu, Y and Liu, L and Wang, J and Shi, L},
title = {Long non-coding RNAs in virus-related cancers.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2364},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2364},
pmid = {35607835},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {//Lanzhou University is bounded by Central Double First-Class Universities Construction Fund Reference 561121202./ ; },
abstract = {Some viral infections lead to tumourigenesis explained by a variety of underlying molecular mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have the potential to be added to this list due to their diverse mechanisms in biological functions and disease processes via gene alternation, transcriptional regulation, protein modification, microRNA sponging and interaction with RNA/DNA/proteins. In this review, we summarise the dysregulation and mechanism of lncRNAs in virus-related cancers focussing on Hepatitis B virus, Epstein-Barr virus, Human Papillomavirus. We will also discuss the potential implications of lncRNAs in COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35607591,
year = {2022},
author = {Tyrväinen, O and Karjaluoto, H},
title = {Online grocery shopping before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analytical review.},
journal = {Telematics and informatics},
volume = {71},
number = {},
pages = {101839},
doi = {10.1016/j.tele.2022.101839},
pmid = {35607591},
issn = {1879-324X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has forced people to limit their physical interactions, which has led to explosive growth in online grocery shopping. However, there is no clear consensus in the retailing literature on whether consumers prefer to buy groceries online. The objective of this current study is to synthesize research about online grocery shopping published before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and to develop a conceptual framework about online grocery purchase intentions and their determinants, the mediation effects of consumers' attitudes, the moderating effects of COVID-19, and control variables. The meta-analysis presents data derived from 50 independent samples with a sample size of 20,538 respondents. Selected determinants were identified as triggers for online grocery purchase intentions, and perceived usefulness and consumer attitude were identified as important mediators between determinants and intentions. The findings clarify the mechanisms behind the increase in online grocery shopping during the pandemic by presenting a decrease in the importance of its strongest determinants (i.e., perceived usefulness and attitude). Based on these findings, we present contributions to theory, managerial implications, and future research directions.},
}
@article {pmid35607586,
year = {2022},
author = {Satnarine, T and Lee Kin, CM},
title = {A Review of Virtual Medical Student Rotations During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Their Role, Advantages, Disadvantages, and Future Prospects.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e24280},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24280},
pmid = {35607586},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the pause of medical clinical rotations. As a result, virtual rotations were implemented. These are a form of remote learning that seeks to mimic the clinical learning environment that students were already accustomed to. This article seeks to review the published literature to explore which specialties adapted this format, what are the advantages and disadvantages observed, determine what were the responsibilities and involvements of students participating in these rotations, how well these rotations substituted for in-person rotations, and to evaluate if there is a continued role for them after, outside of COVID-19. Virtual rotations have been developed in almost every specialty. These rotations have been developed from small centers to large universities, and are widespread throughout the United States, and in other countries as well. These rotations are targeted toward medical students, medical residents, and physician assistants and range in length from one to four weeks. Responsibilities and scope of interaction varied according to rotation; some rotations allowed patient interaction, and observation of procedures and surgeries, whereas some were purely didactic. A mixture of inpatient and outpatient involvements was seen. Advantages included saving money and time, more flexibility, increased diversity, and participation of international medical graduates. Virtual rotations participants have been invited for interviews at the participating institution's residency programs and have matched there. Disadvantages included lack of assessment of practical skills, inability to receive credit, and inability to obtain a letter of recommendation. Virtual rotations have proven to be a good substitute for in-person rotations, with most medical students seeing a need for the rotations in the future. Due to widespread development and acceptance of these rotations, it is likely that these rotations will continue.},
}
@article {pmid35607407,
year = {2022},
author = {Federico, M},
title = {Biological and Immune Responses to Current Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines beyond Anti-Spike Antibody Production.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {4028577},
doi = {10.1155/2022/4028577},
pmid = {35607407},
issn = {2314-7156},
abstract = {Several vaccine strategies are now available to fight the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Those based on the administration of lipid-complexed messenger(m)RNA molecules represent the last frontiers in terms of technology innovation. mRNA molecules coding for the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein are intramuscularly injected, thereby entering cells by virtue of their encapsulation into synthetic lipid nanovesicles. mRNA-targeted cells express the Spike protein on their plasma membrane in a way that it can be sensed by the immune system, which reacts generating anti-Spike antibodies. Although this class of vaccines appears as the most effective against SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease, their safety and efficiency are challenged by several factors included, but not limited to the following: emergence of viral variants, lack of adequate pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics studies, inability to protect oral mucosa from infection, and antibody waning. Emergence of viral variants can be a consequence of mass vaccination carried out in a pandemic time using suboptimal vaccines against an RNA virus. On the other hand, understanding the remainder flaws could be of some help in designing next generation anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this commentary, issues regarding the fate of injected mRNA, the tissue distribution of the induced antiviral antibodies, and the generation of memory B cells are discussed. Careful evaluation of both experimental and clinical observations on these key aspects should be taken into account before planning booster administration, vaccination to non-at-risk population, and social restrictions.},
}
@article {pmid35607386,
year = {2022},
author = {ElSawi, HA and Elborollosy, A},
title = {Immune-mediated adverse events post-COVID vaccination and types of vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {The Egyptian journal of internal medicine},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {44},
doi = {10.1186/s43162-022-00129-5},
pmid = {35607386},
issn = {1110-7782},
abstract = {Background: In late 2019, Coronavirus disease 2019 has been declared as a global emergency by World Health Organization. Hopefully, recent reports of effective and safe vaccines were welcomed, and approved on emergency base. Millions of recipients had received one of the approved COVID 19 vaccines, with lots of adverse events recorded global wide.
Objective: To assess post-COVID vaccination immune-mediated adverse events and evaluate its association to specific type of vaccine global wide.
Methods: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis of published reports (since December 2020 till December 2021) on immune-mediated adverse events post-COVID vaccination.
Results: We evaluated 34 published studies; 460 cases with various adverse events post-COVID vaccination. Studies in current literature are primarily retrospective case series, isolated case reports or narrative studies. Different COVID vaccines were involved. Results' data was subcategorized according to associated vaccine. Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccinations included thrombotic, neurological, myocarditis, ocular, dermatological, renal, hematological events timely linked to inoculation. Each vaccine type was linked to adverse profile that differ from others.
Conclusion: High suspicion of post-vaccination adverse events is mandatory to provoke earlier detection, better understanding, optimum prevention, and management. Specific vaccine/patient risk profile is needed to selectively categorize target population to reduce morbidity and mortality post-vaccination.},
}
@article {pmid35606656,
year = {2022},
author = {Hellwig, S and Domschke, K},
title = {[Post-COVID syndrome-Focus fatigue].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606656},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {The World Health Organization (WHO) defines post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a condition which occurs in individuals with a history of probable or confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection 3 months after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms, lasts for at least 2 months and cannot be explained by an alternative diagnosis. Core symptoms of post-COVID syndrome are fatigue, dyspnea and cognitive dysfunction, which have an impact on everyday functional level. Neuropsychiatric late sequelae are common in COVID-19 patients, with incidence rates over 30%. Beside the abovementioned core symptoms, sleep disorders, depression and anxiety show increased incidences. According to current opinion, associated neuropsychiatric symptoms are subsumed under the term post-COVID syndrome but are also interpreted as comorbidities, which can promote the manifestation of a post-COVID syndrome. The key symptom fatigue shows symptom overlapping and comorbidity with psychiatric disorders. Imaging studies indicate an organic correlate of fatigue in post-COVID patients. Furthermore, psychosocial aspects and psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression and anxiety disorders as modulating and therefore potentially treatable factors were identified. Treatment of fatigue consists of pharmacological management with stimulants and antidepressants as well as nonpharmacological strategies, most notably cognitive behavioral therapy and exercise-focused interventions. The evidence for this comes from meta-analyses of tumor-associated or post-viral fatigue.},
}
@article {pmid35606652,
year = {2022},
author = {Jt, S and M, H and Wam, B and Ac, B and Sa, N},
title = {Adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy applications: a clinical and industry perspective.},
journal = {Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606652},
issn = {1432-1440},
support = {PG/17/17/32877/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; RE/18/6/34217/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Despite the development of novel pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality remain high indicating an unmet clinical need. Viral gene therapy enables targeted delivery of therapeutic transgenes and represents an attractive platform for tackling acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases in the future. Current cardiovascular gene therapy trials in humans mainly focus on improving cardiac angiogenesis and function. Encouragingly, local delivery of therapeutic transgenes utilising first-generation human adenovirus serotype (HAd)-5 is safe in the short term and has shown some efficacy in drug refractory angina pectoris and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite this success, systemic delivery of therapeutic HAd-5 vectors targeting cardiovascular tissues and internal organs is limited by negligible gene transfer to target cells, elimination by the immune system, liver sequestration, off-target effects, and episomal degradation. To circumvent these barriers, cardiovascular gene therapy research has focused on determining the safety and efficacy of rare alternative serotypes and/or genetically engineered adenoviral capsid protein-modified vectors following local or systemic delivery. Pre-clinical studies have identified several vectors including HAd-11, HAd-35, and HAd-20-42-42 as promising platforms for local and systemic targeting of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the past, clinical gene therapy trials were often restricted by limited scale-up capabilities of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) and lack of regulatory guidance. However, significant improvement of industrial GTMP scale-up and purification, development of novel producer cell lines, and issuing of GTMP regulatory guidance by national regulatory health agencies have addressed many of these challenges, creating a more robust framework for future adenoviral-based cardiovascular gene therapy. In addition, this has enabled the mass roll out of adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. KEY MESSAGES: First-generation HAd-5 vectors are widely used in cardiovascular gene therapy. HAd-5-based gene therapy was shown to lead to cardiac angiogenesis and improved function. Novel HAd vectors may represent promising transgene carriers for systemic delivery. Novel methods allow industrial scale-up of rare/genetically altered Ad serotypes. National regulatory health agencies have issued guidance on GMP for GTMPs.},
}
@article {pmid35606604,
year = {2022},
author = {Mabrouk, DM},
title = {Antimicrobial peptides: features, applications and the potential use against covid-19.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35606604},
issn = {1573-4978},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a diverse class of molecules that represent a vital part of innate immunity. AMPs are evolutionarily conserved molecules that exhibit structural and functional diversity. They provide a possible solution to the antibiotic-resistance crisis.
MAIN TEXT: These small cationic peptides can target bacteria, fungi, and viruses, as well as cancer cells. Their unique action mechanisms, rare antibiotic-resistant variants, broad-spectrum activity, low toxicity, and high specificity encourage pharmaceutical industries to conduct clinical trials to develop them as therapeutic drugs. The rapid development of computer-assisted strategies accelerated the identification of AMPs. The Antimicrobial Peptide Database (APD) so far contains 3324 AMPs from different sources. In addition to their applications in different fields, some AMPs demonstrated the potential to combat COVID-19, and hinder viral infectivity in diverse ways.
CONCLUSIONS: This review provides a brief history of AMPs and their features, including classification, evolution, sources and mechanisms of action, biosynthesis pathway, and identification techniques. Furthermore, their different applications, challenges to clinical applications, and their potential use against COVID-19 are presented.},
}
@article {pmid35603256,
year = {2021},
author = {Ghotbi, T and Salami, J and Kalteh, EA and Ghelichi-Ghojogh, M},
title = {Self-management of patients with chronic diseases during COVID19: a narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {E814-E821},
pmid = {35603256},
issn = {2421-4248},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Self-Management ; },
abstract = {Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has affected the self-management of patients with chronic disease all over the world. The present study COVID-19 is a review to investigate the chronic patient self-management challenges during the corona epidemic, and providing solutions to solve this problem.
Methods: The relevant literature on chronic patient self-management is investigated (from March 2019 to Jan 2021). Databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer were used to search articles from the Latin articles. Also, keywords in this study included self-management, chronic disease, COVID-19. Finally, 26 relevant articles were used in this study.
Results: Studies assessed the effective role of self-management in control and prevention of complications of chronic diseases and the challenges related to self-management programs during COVID-19, in addition the role of the health team in patients' self-management during the corona epidemics.
Conclusion: the main challenges for chronic patients during the COVID-19 include decreased healthcare service and regular follow-ups because of physical restrictions; economic problems, change in lifestyle, and lack of rapid compliance with the changes. In this regard, the health team should provide the best healthcare services using the available resources to reduce suffer and pain of the patients.},
}
@article {pmid35598032,
year = {2022},
author = {Floridia, M and Giuliano, M and Monaco, M and Palmieri, L and Lo Noce, C and Palamara, AT and Pantosti, A and Brusaferro, S and Onder, G and , },
title = {Microbiologically confirmed infections and antibiotic-resistance in a national surveillance study of hospitalised patients who died with COVID-19, Italy 2020-2021.},
journal = {Antimicrobial resistance and infection control},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {74},
pmid = {35598032},
issn = {2047-2994},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Bacteria ; *COVID-19 ; Carbapenems ; *Coinfection/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; Humans ; Klebsiella pneumoniae ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients hospitalised for COVID-19 may present with or acquire bacterial or fungal infections that can affect the course of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe the microbiological characteristics of laboratory-confirmed infections in hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19.
METHODS: We reviewed the hospital charts of a sample of patients deceased with COVID-19 from the Italian National COVID-19 Surveillance, who had laboratory-confirmed bacterial or fungal bloodstream infections (BSI) or lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), evaluating the pathogens responsible for the infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility.
RESULTS: Among 157 patients with infections hospitalised from February 2020 to April 2021, 28 (17.8%) had co-infections (≤ 48 h from admission) and 138 (87.9%) had secondary infections (> 48 h). Most infections were bacterial; LRTI were more frequent than BSI. The most common co-infection was pneumococcal LRTI. In secondary infections, Enterococci were the most frequently recovered pathogens in BSI (21.7% of patients), followed by Enterobacterales, mainly K. pneumoniae, while LRTI were mostly associated with Gram-negative bacteria, firstly Enterobacterales (27.4% of patients, K. pneumoniae 15.3%), followed by A. baumannii (19.1%). Fungal infections, both BSI and LRTI, were mostly due to C. albicans. Antibiotic resistance rates were extremely high in Gram-negative bacteria, with almost all A. baumannii isolates resistant to carbapenems (95.5%), and K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa showing carbapenem resistance rates of 59.5% and 34.6%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: In hospitalised patients with severe COVID-19, secondary infections are considerably more common than co-infections, and are mostly due to Gram-negative bacterial pathogens showing a very high rate of antibiotic resistance.},
}
@article {pmid35596571,
year = {2022},
author = {Healey, Q and Sheikh, A and Daines, L and Vasileiou, E},
title = {Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {05014},
doi = {10.7189/jogh.12.05014},
pmid = {35596571},
issn = {2047-2986},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/complications ; Cohort Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Background: Long COVID is defined as symptoms and signs related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that are present at least four weeks following acute infection. These symptoms and signs are poorly characterised but may be associated with significant morbidity. We sought to synthesise the evidence on their incidence to guide future research, policy and practice.
Methods: We searched Medline and Embase for longitudinal cohort studies from January 2020 to July 2021 that investigated adults with long COVID at least four weeks after acute infection. Risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for cohort studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed with subgroup analysis by follow-up time (4-12 vs more than 12 weeks).
Results: 19 studies were included, 13 of which included patients hospitalised with COVID-19. The total sample size was 10 643 and the follow-up time ranged from 30 to 340 days. Risk of bias was assessed as high in one study, moderate in two studies and low in the remaining 16 studies. The most common symptoms and signs seen at any time point in long COVID were fatigue (37%; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 23-55), dyspnoea (21%; 95% CI = 14-30), olfactory dysfunction (17%; 95% CI = 9-29), myalgia (12%; 95% CI = 5-25), cough (11%; 95% CI = 6-20) and gustatory dysfunction (10%; 95% CI = 7-17). High heterogeneity was seen for all meta-analyses and the presence of some funnel plot asymmetry may indicate reporting bias. No effect of follow-up time was found for any symptom or sign included in the subgroup analysis.
Conclusions: We have summarised evidence from longitudinal cohort studies on the most common symptoms and signs associated with long COVID. High heterogeneity seen in the meta-analysis means pooled incidence estimates should be interpreted with caution. This heterogeneity may be attributable to studies including patients from different health care settings and countries.},
}
@article {pmid35594288,
year = {2022},
author = {Kim, H and Hughes, E and Cavanagh, A and Norris, E and Gao, A and Bondy, SJ and McLeod, KE and Kanagalingam, T and Kouyoumdjian, FG},
title = {The health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults who experience imprisonment globally: A mixed methods systematic review.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e0268866},
pmid = {35594288},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prisons ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The prison setting and health status of people who experience imprisonment increase the risks of COVID-19 infection and sequelae, and other health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
OBJECTIVES: To conduct a mixed methods systematic review on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health of people who experience imprisonment.
DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Social Sciences Abstracts, CINAHL, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts, Sociology Database, Coronavirus Research Database, ERIC, Proquest Dissertations and Theses, Web of Science, and Scopus in October 2021. We reviewed reference lists for included studies.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Original research conducted in or after December 2019 on health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on adults in prisons or within three months of release.
We used the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research for qualitative studies and the Joanna Briggs Institute's Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data for quantitative studies. We qualitized quantitative data and extracted qualitative data, coded data, and collated similar data into categories.
RESULTS: We identified 62 studies. People in prisons had disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection and COVID-19 mortality. During the pandemic, all-cause mortality worsened, access to health care and other services worsened, and there were major impacts on mental wellbeing and on relationships with family and staff. There was limited evidence regarding key primary and secondary prevention strategies.
LIMITATIONS: Our search was limited to databases. As the COVID-19 pandemic is ongoing, more evidence will emerge.
CONCLUSIONS: Prisons and people who experience imprisonment should be prioritized for COVID-19 response and recovery efforts, and an explicit focus on prisons is needed for ongoing public health work including emergency preparedness.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: 239324.},
}
@article {pmid35594025,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, X and Zhang, R and Li, X and Dadashova, B and Zhu, L and Zhang, K and Li, Y and Shen, B},
title = {Health-Based Geographic Information Systems for Mapping and Risk Modeling of Infectious Diseases and COVID-19 to Support Spatial Decision-Making.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1368},
number = {},
pages = {167-188},
pmid = {35594025},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology ; Geographic Information Systems ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Infectious diseases remain an essential global challenge in public health. For instance, novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has resulted in significant negative impacts on public health, infecting more than 214 million people and causing 4.47 million deaths worldwide as of August 2021. Geographic Information Systems have played an essential role in managing, storing, analyzing, and mapping disease and related risk information. This article provides an overview of a broad topic on applications of GIS into infectious disease research. Our review follows the framework of human-environment interactions, focusing on the environmental and social factors that cause the disease outbreak and the role of humans in disease control, including public health policies and interventions such as social distancing/face covering practice and mobility modeling. The work identifies key spatial decision-making issues where GIS becomes valued in the agenda for infectious disease research and highlights the importance of adopting science-based policies to protect the public during the current and future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid35592082,
year = {2022},
author = {Gadermann, A and Thomson, K and Gill, R and Schonert-Reichl, KA and Gagné Petteni, M and Guhn, M and Warren, MT and Oberle, E},
title = {Early Adolescents' Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Changes in Their Well-Being.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {823303},
pmid = {35592082},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Humans ; Mental Health ; Pandemics ; Schools ; Students/psychology ; },
abstract = {Background: Early adolescence is a time of psychological and social change that can coincide with declines in mental health and well-being. This study investigated the psychological and social impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of students who responded to a survey in Grades 7 and 8 (ages 12-14) in British Columbia (BC), Canada. The objectives of this study were (i) to provide an overview on early adolescents' experiences and social-emotional well-being during the pandemic; and (ii) to examine whether changes in social experiences as well as feeling safe from getting COVID-19 at school were associated with changes in well-being outcomes over the course of a year.
Methods: A sample of n = 1,755 students from a large public school district self-reported on their life satisfaction, optimism, and symptoms of sadness across two time points: First, in their Grade 7 year (pre-pandemic; January to March, 2020) and then 1 year later in their Grade 8 year (during the pandemic; January to March, 2021). In Grade 8, students also reported on pandemic-specific experiences, including changes in mental health, social relationships, and activities, as well as coping strategies and positive changes since the pandemic. Data were collected online using the Middle Years Development Instrument (MDI), a population-based self-report tool that assesses children's social-emotional development and well-being in the context of their home, school, and neighborhood. Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to examine associations between pandemic-related changes in relationships and perceived safety from getting COVID-19 at school with changes in well-being outcomes.
Results: Students reported a range of experiences, with a large proportion reporting moderate concerns and impacts of the pandemic, including worries about their mental health and missing school activities. Students reported significantly lower optimism, lower life satisfaction, and higher sadness compared to the previous year. Within the sample, improvements in relationships with parents and other adults at home was associated with higher well-being during the pandemic.
Implications: Results from this study can inform decision making of policy-makers, educators, and practitioners working with youth, by providing information on students' experiences during the pandemic and identifying factors that may be protective for students' mental health during and beyond the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35588440,
year = {2022},
author = {Ferrari, E and Gargani, L and Barbieri, G and Ghiadoni, L and Faita, F and Bacciu, D},
title = {A causal learning framework for the analysis and interpretation of COVID-19 clinical data.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e0268327},
pmid = {35588440},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Bayes Theorem ; *COVID-19 ; Causality ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; },
abstract = {We present a workflow for clinical data analysis that relies on Bayesian Structure Learning (BSL), an unsupervised learning approach, robust to noise and biases, that allows to incorporate prior medical knowledge into the learning process and that provides explainable results in the form of a graph showing the causal connections among the analyzed features. The workflow consists in a multi-step approach that goes from identifying the main causes of patient's outcome through BSL, to the realization of a tool suitable for clinical practice, based on a Binary Decision Tree (BDT), to recognize patients at high-risk with information available already at hospital admission time. We evaluate our approach on a feature-rich dataset of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), showing that the proposed framework provides a schematic overview of the multi-factorial processes that jointly contribute to the outcome. We compare our findings with current literature on COVID-19, showing that this approach allows to re-discover established cause-effect relationships about the disease. Further, our approach yields to a highly interpretable tool correctly predicting the outcome of 85% of subjects based exclusively on 3 features: age, a previous history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the time of arrival to the hospital. The inclusion of additional information from 4 routine blood tests (Creatinine, Glucose, pO2 and Sodium) increases predictive accuracy to 94.5%.},
}
@article {pmid35427282,
year = {2022},
author = {Lotan, I and Lydston, M and Levy, M},
title = {Neuro-Ophthalmological Complications of the COVID-19 Vaccines: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {154-162},
doi = {10.1097/WNO.0000000000001537},
pmid = {35427282},
issn = {1536-5166},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A worldwide mass vaccination campaign against the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is currently underway. Although the safety data of the clinical trials did not report specific concerns regarding neuro-ophthalmological adverse events, they involved a limited number of individuals and were conducted over a relatively short time. The aim of the current review is to summarize the available postmarketing data regarding the occurrence of neuro-ophthalmological and other ocular complications of the COVID-19 vaccines.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Electronic searches for published literature were conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The search strategy incorporated controlled vocabulary and free-text synonyms for the concepts of COVID, vaccines, and visual and neuro-ophthalmologic diseases and symptoms.
RESULTS: A total of 14 case reports and 2 case series have been selected for inclusion in the final report, reporting 76 cases of post-COVID-vaccination adverse events. The most common adverse event was optic neuritis (n = 61), followed by uveitis (n = 3), herpes zoster ophthalmicus (n = 2), acute macular neuroretinopathy (n = 2), optic disc edema as an atypical presentation of Guillain-Barré syndrome (n = 1), (arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy; n = 1), abducens nerve palsy (n = 1), oculomotor nerve palsy (n = 1), Tolosa-Hunt syndrome (n = 1), central serous retinopathy (n = 1), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (n = 1), and bilateral choroiditis (n = 1). Most cases were treated with high-dose steroids and had a favorable clinical outcome.
CONCLUSION: Since the implementation of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign in the past year, several post-COVID-vaccination neuro-ophthalmological complications have been described. However, considering the number of individuals that have been exposed to the vaccines, the risk seems very low, and the clinical outcome in most cases is favorable. Therefore, on a population level, the benefits of the vaccines far outweigh the risk of neuro-ophthalmological complications.},
}
@article {pmid35367477,
year = {2022},
author = {Kim, D and Han, S and Ji, Y and Moon, S and Nam, H and Lee, JB},
title = {Multimeric RNAs for efficient RNA-based therapeutics and vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {770-785},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.052},
pmid = {35367477},
issn = {1873-4995},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; RNA/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {There has been a growing interest in RNA therapeutics globally, and much progress has been made in this area, which has been further accelerated by the clinical applications of RNA-based vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Following these successful clinical trials, various technologies have been developed to improve the efficacy of RNA-based drugs. Multimerization of RNA therapeutics is one of the most attractive approaches to ensure high stability, high efficacy, and prolonged action of RNA-based drugs. In this review, we offer an overview of the representative approaches for generating repetitive functional RNAs by chemical conjugation, structural self-assembly, enzymatic elongation, and self-amplification. The therapeutic and vaccine applications of engineered multimeric RNAs in various diseases have also been summarized. By outlining the current status of multimeric RNAs, the potential of multimeric RNA as a promising treatment strategy is highlighted.},
}
@article {pmid35337940,
year = {2022},
author = {Shi, J and Huang, MW and Lu, ZD and Du, XJ and Shen, S and Xu, CF and Wang, J},
title = {Delivery of mRNA for regulating functions of immune cells.},
journal = {Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society},
volume = {345},
number = {},
pages = {494-511},
doi = {10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.033},
pmid = {35337940},
issn = {1873-4995},
mesh = {*COVID-19/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Liposomes ; *Nanoparticles ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {Abnormal immune cell functions are commonly related to various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Messenger RNA (mRNA)-based therapy can regulate the functions of immune cells or assign new functions to immune cells, thereby generating therapeutic immune responses to treat these diseases. However, mRNA is unstable in physiological environments and can hardly enter the cytoplasm of target cells; thus, effective mRNA delivery systems are critical for developing mRNA therapy. The two mRNA vaccines of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna have demonstrated that lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) can deliver mRNA into dendritic cells (DCs) to induce immunization against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which opened the floodgates to the development of mRNA therapy. Apart from DCs, other immune cells are promising targets for mRNA therapy. This review summarized the barriers to mRNA delivery and advances in mRNA delivery for regulating the functions of different immune cells.},
}
@article {pmid35169400,
year = {2022},
author = {Vitte, J and Gonzalez, C and Klingebiel, C and Michel, M},
title = {Tryptase and anaphylaxis: The case for systematic paired samples in all settings, from the playground to the COVID-19 vaccination center.},
journal = {Revue francaise d'allergologie (2009)},
volume = {62},
number = {3},
pages = {287-288},
doi = {10.1016/j.reval.2022.02.218},
pmid = {35169400},
issn = {1877-0312},
}
@article {pmid35130194,
year = {2022},
author = {Nwokolo, OO and Coombs, AAT and Eltzschig, HK and Butterworth, JF},
title = {Diversity and Inclusion in Anesthesiology.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {134},
number = {6},
pages = {1166-1174},
doi = {10.1213/ANE.0000000000005941},
pmid = {35130194},
issn = {1526-7598},
mesh = {*Anesthesiology ; *COVID-19 ; Cultural Diversity ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Minority Groups ; United States/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {In today's world, departments of anesthesiology and professional organizations are rightfully expected to have racial, ethnic, and gender diversity. Diversity and inclusiveness are considered important contributors to an effective and collaborative work environment by promoting excellence in patient care, education, and research. This has been re-emphasized in the racial reckoning in the summer of 2020, and the ongoing health care disparities manifested by the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Moreover, the negative consequences of a lack of diversity and inclusion in health care have been shown to impact recruitment, retention, and the economic well-being of academic departments. In the present article, we review the current state of diversity in anesthesiology departments and professional organizations in the United States. We discuss strategies and important approaches to further enhance diversity to promote an inclusive perioperative work environment.},
}
@article {pmid35063599,
year = {2022},
author = {Spigaglia, P},
title = {Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Anaerobe},
volume = {74},
number = {},
pages = {102518},
doi = {10.1016/j.anaerobe.2022.102518},
pmid = {35063599},
issn = {1095-8274},
mesh = {Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Clostridioides difficile ; *Clostridium Infections/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Cross Infection/drug therapy/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically tested healthcare systems around the world, with serious repercussions on the measures of prevention and control of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs). Among HAIs, Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) represents one of the most important global public health threats. Although the full impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CDI remains undetermined, depending on the development of the pandemic in the coming months, in this review literature studies of the last three years have been considered in order to depict the current situation, and make some considerations about possible future developments. If on the one hand, a general reduction in CDI incidence has been reported in several settings, mainly due to the extraordinary reinforcement of infection prevention measures, on the other hand, the critical circumstances experienced in many hospitals have limited the effectiveness of these measures, particularly in the intensive care units (ICUs), increasing the possibility of the occurrence of hospital-acquired CDI (HA-CDI). New concerns have arisen from the decrease in C. difficile testing and the increased use of broad-spectrum antibiotics reported during the pandemic. In particular, overuse of antibiotics and disinfectants may lead to a selection of resistant C. difficile strains not only in hospitals but also in the community. Furthermore, patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and patients that have survived COVID-19 may represent a new group of frail patients potentially at a higher risk of CDI, a group that could potentially increase in size due to SARS-CoV-2 evolution. In the dramatic COVID-19 era, the multifactorial nature of CDI has emerged more clearly than before, highlighting the necessity of a strong refocus on efforts to improve prevention strategies and to integrate CDI surveillance in a One Health prospective in order to curtail the public health threat posed by this infection in the next future.},
}
@article {pmid35061080,
year = {2022},
author = {Grishina, A and Link, F and Arend, A and Kleemann, F and Tober-Lau, P and Andree, D and Münn, F and Gruendl, M and Quante, M and Lederhuber, H and Albertsmeier, M and Struller, F and Grützmann, R and Königsrainer, A and Löffler, MW},
title = {A survey among physicians in surgery and anesthesiology departments after the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Germany : Preparing for further challenges ahead.},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {134},
number = {9-10},
pages = {361-370},
pmid = {35061080},
issn = {1613-7671},
mesh = {*Anesthesiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Physicians ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The SARS-CoV‑2 pandemic has extensively challenged healthcare systems all over the world. Many elective operations were postponed or cancelled, changing priorities and workflows in surgery departments.
AIMS: The primary aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the workload and psychosocial burden of surgeons and anesthesiologists, working in German hospitals during the first wave of SARS-CoV‑2 infections in 2020.
METHODS: Quantitative online survey on the workplace situation including psychosocial and work-related stress factors among resident and board-certified surgeons and anesthesiologists. Physicians in German hospitals across all levels of healthcare were contacted via departments, professional associations and social media posts.
RESULTS: Among 154 total study participants, 54% of respondents stated a lack of personal protective equipment in their own wards and 56% reported increased staff shortages since the onset of the pandemic. While routine practice was reported as fully resumed in 71% of surgery departments at the time of the survey, work-related dissatisfaction among responding surgeons and anesthesiologists increased from 24% before the pandemic to 36% after the first wave of infections. As a countermeasure, 94% of participants deemed the establishment of action plans to increase pandemic preparedness and strengthening German public health systems a useful measure to respond to current challenges.
CONCLUSION: The aftermath of the first wave of SARS-CoV‑2 infections in Germany has left the surgical staff strained, despite temporarily decreased workloads. Overall, a critical review of the altered conditions is indispensable to identify and promote effective solutions and prudent action plans required to address imminent challenges.},
}
@article {pmid34974339,
year = {2022},
author = {Spiliopoulou, A and Kolonitsiou, F and Vrioni, G and Tsoupra, S and Lekkou, A and Paliogianni, F},
title = {Invasive Candida kefyr infection presenting as pyelonephritis in an ICU hospitalized COVID-19 patient: Case report and review of the literature.},
journal = {Journal de mycologie medicale},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {101236},
doi = {10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101236},
pmid = {34974339},
issn = {1773-0449},
mesh = {Adult ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; Candida ; Candidiasis ; *Candidiasis, Invasive/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Fluconazole/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Kluyveromyces ; *Pyelonephritis/diagnosis/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {Candida kefyr (Kluyveromyces marxianus), an ascomycetous environmental yeast, occasionally isolated from dairy products, represents an uncommon but emerging pathogen in immunocompromised patients. Herein, we present a case of C. kefyr pyelonephritis in a 41-year-old, previously immunocompetent, patient who was hospitalized in an COVID-19 ICU. Pyelonephritis was associated with caliectasis and obstruction due to possible fungus ball formation. Predisposing factors included ICU stay, use of broad spectrum antibiotics and steroids, central venous catheterization, mechanical ventilation and urologic manipulation. Susceptibility testing revealed high MIC values to amphotericin B. Infection was effectively controlled by prolonged administration of fluconazole without further surgical intervention. COVID-19 complicated with invasive candidiasis is an increasingly observed clinical situation that warrants high suspicion index and careful evaluation of laboratory data.},
}
@article {pmid34735713,
year = {2022},
author = {Arjmand, B and Alavi-Moghadam, S and Parhizkar-Roudsari, P and Rezaei-Tavirani, M and Tayanloo-Beik, A and Goodarzi, P and Mehrdad, N and Mohamadi-Jahani, F and Larijani, B},
title = {Metabolomics Signatures of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1376},
number = {},
pages = {45-59},
pmid = {34735713},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Metabolomics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Viruses ; },
abstract = {For a very long time, viral infections have been considered as one of the most important causes of death and disability around the world. Through the viral infection, viruses as small pathogens enter the host cells and use hosts' biosynthesis machinery to replicate and collect infectious lineages. Moreover, they can modify hosts' metabolic pathways in order to their own purposes. Nowadays (in 2019-2020), the most famous type of viral infection which was caused by a novel type of coronavirus is called COVID-19 disease. It has claimed the lives of many people around the world and is a very serious threat to health. Since investigations of the effects of viruses on host metabolism using metabolomics tools may have given focuses on novel appropriate treatments, in the current review the authors highlighted the virus-host metabolic interactions and metabolomics perspective in COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid34735712,
year = {2022},
author = {Groppa, SA and Ciolac, D and Duarte, C and Garcia, C and Gasnaș, D and Leahu, P and Efremova, D and Gasnaș, A and Bălănuță, T and Mîrzac, D and Movila, A},
title = {Molecular Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pathogenicity on the Central Nervous System: Bridging Experimental Probes to Clinical Evidence and Therapeutic Interventions.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1376},
number = {},
pages = {1-27},
pmid = {34735712},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Central Nervous System ; Humans ; *Nervous System Diseases ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Virulence ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has dramatically impacted the global healthcare systems, constantly challenging both research and clinical practice. Although it was initially believed that the SARS-CoV-2 infection is limited merely to the respiratory system, emerging evidence indicates that COVID-19 affects multiple other systems including the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, most of the published clinical studies indicate that the confirmed CNS inflammatory manifestations in COVID-19 patients are meningitis, encephalitis, acute necrotizing encephalopathy, acute transverse myelitis, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. In addition, the neuroinflammation along with accelerated neurosenescence and susceptible genetic signatures in COVID-19 patients might prime the CNS to neurodegeneration and precipitate the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing published preclinical as well as clinical studies on the key molecular mechanisms modulating neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration induced by the SARS-CoV-2. In addition, the essential age- and gender-dependent impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on the CNS of COVID-19 patients are also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid34525908,
year = {2022},
author = {Zanza, C and Romenskaya, T and Thangathurai, D and Ojetti, V and Saviano, A and Abenavoli, L and Robba, C and Cammarota, G and Franceschi, F and Piccioni, A and Longhitano, Y},
title = {Microbiome in Critical Care: An Unconventional and Unknown Ally.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {18},
pages = {3179-3188},
doi = {10.2174/0929867328666210915115056},
pmid = {34525908},
issn = {1875-533X},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness ; Dysbiosis ; Humans ; *Microbiota ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The digestive tract represents an interface between the external environment and the body where the interaction of a complex polymicrobial ecology has an important influence on health and disease. The physiological mechanisms that are altered during hospitalization and in the intensive care unit (ICU) contribute to the pathobiota's growth. Intestinal dysbiosis occurs within hours of being admitted to ICU. This may be due to different factors, such as alterations of normal intestinal transit, administration of various medications, or alterations in the intestinal wall, which causes a cascade of events that will lead to the increase of nitrates and decrease of oxygen concentration, and the liberation of free radicals.
OBJECTIVE: This work aims to report the latest updates on the microbiota's contribution to developing sepsis in patients in the ICU department. In this short review, the latest scientific findings on the mechanisms of intestinal immune defenses performed both locally and systemically have been reviewed. Additionally, we considered it necessary to review the literature on the basis of the many studies carried out on the microbiota in the critically ill as a prevention to the spread of the infection in these patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This review has been written to answer four main questions: 1- What are the main intestinal flora's defense mechanisms that help us to prevent the risk of developing systemic diseases? 2- What are the main Systemic Abnormalities of Dysbiosis? 3- What are the Modern Strategies Used in ICU to Prevent the Infection Spreading? 4- What is the Relationship between COVID-19 and Microbiota? We reviewed 72 articles using the combination of following keywords: "microbiota" and "microbiota" and "intensive care", "intensive care" and "gut", "critical illness", "microbiota" and "critical care", "microbiota" and "sepsis", "microbiota" and "infection", and "gastrointestinal immunity" in: Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Cochrane Library, Medline and Pubmed, Google Scholar, Ovid/Wiley. Moreover, we also consulted the site ClinicalTrials.com to find out studies that have been recently conducted or are currently ongoing.
RESULTS: The critical illness can alter intestinal bacterial flora leading to homeostasis disequilibrium. Despite numerous mechanisms, such as epithelial cells with calciform cells that together build a mechanical barrier for pathogenic bacteria, the presence of mucous associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) which stimulates an immune response through the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-y) and THN-a or or from the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines produced by lymphocytes Thelper 2. But these defenses can be altered following hospitalization in ICU and lead to serious complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), health care associated pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), systemic infection and multiple organ failure (MOF), but also to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). In addition, the microbiota has a significant impact on the development of intestinal complications and the severity of the SARS-COVID-19 patients.
CONCLUSION: The microbiota is recognized as one of the important factors that can worsen the clinical conditions of patients who are already very frail in the intensive care unit. At the same time, the microbiota also plays a crucial role in the prevention of ICU-associated complications. By using the resources that are available, such as probiotics, synbiotics or fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), we can preserve the integrity of the microbiota and the GUT, which will later help maintain homeostasis in ICU patients.},
}
@article {pmid34473613,
year = {2022},
author = {Damasceno, DHP and Amaral, AA and Silva, CA and Simões E Silva, AC},
title = {The Impact of Vaccination Worldwide on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Review on Vaccine Mechanisms, Results of Clinical Trials, Vaccinal Coverage and Interactions with Novel Variants.},
journal = {Current medicinal chemistry},
volume = {29},
number = {15},
pages = {2673-2690},
doi = {10.2174/0929867328666210902094254},
pmid = {34473613},
issn = {1875-533X},
support = {302153/2019-5//National Council of Research Development (CNPq)/ ; 002345/2019//Coordination of High Education Level Personnel (CAPES)/ ; FAPEMIG-CDS-APQ-02541-17//Foundation of Research of Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG - CDS)/ ; },
mesh = {Ad26COVS1 ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; RNA, Messenger ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic demanded a global effort towards quickly developing safe and effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2.
OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to discuss the main vaccines available, their mechanisms of action, results of clinical trials, and epidemiological behavior. The implications of viral variants were also debated.
METHODS: A non-systematic literature review was performed between February and March 2021 by searching the Pubmed, Scopus, and SciELO databases, using different combinations of the following terms: "vaccines", "clinical trials" , "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronavirus", "COVID-19", "mechanisms of action". Data regarding clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and epidemiological information were also searched.
RESULTS: The mechanisms of action included vector-virus, mRNA and inactivated virus vaccines. The vaccines showed positive results in phases 2/3 clinical trials. The efficacy of the mRNA 1273 and of mRNA BNT 162b2 vaccines were 94.1% and 95%, respectively. The effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine varied according to the scheme, with an overall value of 70.4%. The Gam-COVID-Vac vaccine had an efficacy of 91.6%. Regarding the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, 99% or more of seroconversion was observed in all subgroups 29 days after vaccination. The CoronaVac vaccine induced an immune response in 92% of the volunteers receiving 3ug and in 98% with 6ug, in comparison to 3% in the placebo group.
CONCLUSION: Global efforts have resulted in vaccines being available in record time, with good safety and immunogenicity profile. However, only long-term studies can provide more information on the duration of immunity and the need for additional doses.},
}
@article {pmid34468301,
year = {2022},
author = {Kushkestani, M and Parvani, M and Kazemzadeh, Y},
title = {SARS-COV-2 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients: Possible Roles of Exercise Training as a Medicine.},
journal = {Current diabetes reviews},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.2174/1573399817666210901121824},
pmid = {34468301},
issn = {1875-6417},
mesh = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; *COVID-19/therapy ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/therapy ; Exercise ; Humans ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {SARS-COV-2 is the novel type of beta coronavirus that was first evolved in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. People with type 2 diabetes are the most vulnerable group to SARS-COV-2 and its associated complications. Many factors such as medication, pathophysiologic-induced compensatory mechanisms, and alterations in protein expression and immune system function can all contribute to severe outcomes in diabetics. In this review article, we first described the possible mechanisms of increased risk and more severe complications rate of SARS-COV-2 in diabetic patients. Secondly, we discussed the crucial role of exercise in diabetic patients in balancing the RAS system (ACE2/ACE). Finally, we examine the possible roles of acute and chronic exercise in reducing SARS-COV-2 severe outcomes in people with diabetes in accordance with the latest evidence. We concluded that regular exercise (especially moderate-intensity exercise) can play a role in immune- enhancing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activities and can balance the ACE2/ACE ratio (decreasing ANG2 levels) in diabetic subjects.},
}
@article {pmid34412526,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, MP and Rai, SN and Dubey, SK and Pandey, AT and Tabassum, N and Chaturvedi, VK and Singh, NB},
title = {Biomolecules of mushroom: a recipe of human wellness.},
journal = {Critical reviews in biotechnology},
volume = {42},
number = {6},
pages = {913-930},
doi = {10.1080/07388551.2021.1964431},
pmid = {34412526},
issn = {1549-7801},
mesh = {*Agaricales/chemistry ; Antioxidants ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Lactation ; *Malnutrition ; },
abstract = {The Indian system of medicine - Ayurveda says "When diet is wrong, medicine is of no use. When diet is correct, medicine is of no use". In this context, mushroom constitutes one of the major resources for nutraceuticals. Biomolecules of mushrooms have attracted the attention of researchers around the globe due to their proven healthy attributes. They have a plenitude of health-giving properties and these range from immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anticancer, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, anticholesterolic to antiarthritic activities.Mushrooms contain both primary and secondary metabolites. The primary metabolites provide energy while the secondary metabolite exhibits medicinal properties. Hence, the mushroom can be a recipe for human wellness and will play a significant role in fighting COVID-19 pandemics and other infectious diseases.The key findings suggested in this paper refer to the exploration of health and the healing traits of biomolecules of mushrooms. This article reviews the current status of the medicinal attributes of mushrooms and their biomolecules in different diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, reproductive diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The global malnutrition-related morbidity and mortality among children under five and lactating women presents a frightening picture and also a black spot on the human face. Malnutrition is responsible for more ill-health than any other cause. Mushrooms as a rich source of bioactive compounds can be claimed as "Best from the Waste" since they grow on the most abundant organic wastes of the Earth, the lignocellulosic substrate, and 'Best of the Rest' because they are excellent nutraceutical resources.},
}
@article {pmid34382513,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhavaniramya, S and Ramar, V and Vishnupriya, S and Palaniappan, R and Sibiya, A and Vaseeharan, B},
title = {Comprehensive Analysis of SARS-COV-2 Drug Targets and Pharmacological Aspects in Treating the COVID-19.},
journal = {Current molecular pharmacology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {393-417},
doi = {10.2174/1874467214666210811120635},
pmid = {34382513},
issn = {1874-4702},
support = {F.24-51/2014-U//RUSA-Phase 2.0 Policy (TNmulti-Gen), Dept. of Edn, Govt. of India/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Corona viruses are enveloped, single-stranded RNA (Ribonucleic acid) viruses, and they cause pandemic diseases having a devastating effect on both human healthcare and the global economy. To date, six corona viruses have been identified as pathogenic organisms, which are significantly responsible for the infection and cause severe respiratory diseases. Among them, the novel SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2) caused a major outbreak of coronavirus diseases in 2019 (COVID-19). Coronaviridae family members can affect both humans and animals. In humans, coronaviruses cause a severe acute respiratory syndrome with mild to severe outcomes. Several structural and genomics aspects have been investigated, and the genome encodes about 30 proteins most of them with unknown function though they share remarkable sequence identity with other proteins. There are no potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 and several trials are underway to investigate the possible therapeutic agents against viral infection. However, some of the antiviral drugs that have been investigated against SARS-CoV-2 are under clinical trials. In the current review, we comparatively emphasize the emergence and pathogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 and their infection, and discuss the various putative drug targets of both viral and host receptors for developing effective vaccines and therapeutic combinations to overcome the viral outbreak.},
}
@article {pmid34274225,
year = {2022},
author = {Allali, S and Beddok, A and Kirova, Y},
title = {Is cancer a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19, especially for breast cancer patients?.},
journal = {Cancer radiotherapie : journal de la Societe francaise de radiotherapie oncologique},
volume = {26},
number = {3},
pages = {491-493},
doi = {10.1016/j.canrad.2021.06.015},
pmid = {34274225},
issn = {1769-6658},
mesh = {*Breast Neoplasms/therapy ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Prognosis ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused a global upheaval in our health care system. Our hospital facilities have been subjected to a major influx of patients and the prevention of cross-contamination has been a key issue in the spread of the virus. New recommendations for good hygiene practice and new recommendations for disease management have emerged to limit the spread of the virus and reorganize the provision of care in key services. Many studies have attempted to identify factors that contribute to poor prognosis for COVID-19 infection. Among them, cancer patients, were considered more at risk of developing severe forms of COVID-19. In this article, we provide an overview of the current state of the pandemic as well as new recommendations for disease management that have emerged in oncology and radiation therapy in particular. In this article, we will try to provide some answers through a review of the literature to the question: is cancer a prognostic factor for severe COVID-19?},
}
@article {pmid34117360,
year = {2022},
author = {Roversi, M and Raucci, U and Pontrelli, G and Ranno, S and Ambrosi, M and Torelli, A and Pisani, M and Coltella, L and Piccioni, L and Colagrossi, L and Agosta, M and Scialanga, B and Reale, A and Perno, CF and Rossi, P and Villani, A},
title = {Diagnosis of COVID-19 in children guided by lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Pediatric research},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {1196-1202},
pmid = {34117360},
issn = {1530-0447},
mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; Child ; Cough/diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Fever/diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to test how certain signs and symptoms related to COVID-19 in children predict the positivity or negativity of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in children.
METHODS: We review the data of children who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 for a suspected infection. We compared the clinical characteristics of the subjects who tested positive and negative, including the sensibility, positive and negative predictive value of different combination of signs and symptoms.
RESULTS: Of all the suspected infected, 2596 tested negative (96.2%) and 103 tested positive (3.8%). The median age was 7.0 and 5.3 years for the positive and negative ones, respectively. The female to male ratio was ~1:1.3. Fever and respiratory symptoms were mostly reported. Most positive children had a prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects (59.2%). A total of 99.3% of patients without fever nor exposure to the virus proved negative to the SARS-CoV-2 test.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that a child without fever or contact with infected subjects is SARS-CoV-2 negative. If this were to be confirmed, many resources would be spared, with improved care of both COVID-19 and not COVID-19-affected children.
IMPACT: Key message: lack of fever and exposure to SARS-CoV-2-infected people highly predicts a negative results of the SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab in the paediatric population. Added value to the current literature: this is the first article to prove this point.
IMPACT: reduction of emergency department accesses of children with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection; increased outpatient management of children with cough or other common respiratory symptoms of infancy; sparing of many human and material health resources.},
}
@article {pmid35606003,
year = {2022},
author = {E Culbreth, R and J Brandenberger, K and Battey-Muse, CM and Gardenhire, DS},
title = {2021 Year in Review: E-Cigarettes, Hookah Use, and Vaping Lung Injuries During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Respiratory care},
volume = {67},
number = {6},
pages = {709-714},
doi = {10.4187/respcare.09919},
pmid = {35606003},
issn = {1943-3654},
abstract = {Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and hookah smoking have gained tremendous popularity over the past decade. With the constantly evolving e-cigarette market and potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on users of these tobacco products, research is needed to assess the prevalence and safety of these devices as well as potential public health implications and cessation tools. For this year in review, PubMed was searched from January 2021-December 14, 2021, for articles related to e-cigarettes, vaping-related lung injury, and hookah smoking. Relevant articles addressing the objectives were included in this review. This review focused primarily on articles based on United States populations. Gray literature and nonpublished articles were not included in this review. The 2020 pandemic resulted in a decline in e-cigarette usage among youth (potentially due to the COVID-19 pandemic); however, recent research in 2021 suggests that e-cigarette usage is increasing again among youth. Conflicting evidence exists for e-cigarettes and the risk of COVID-19 infection, but biological plausibility suggests that e-cigarette users are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection and more severe COVID-19 infection compared to non-e-cigarette users. Hookah smoking has remained stable across the past several years and remains a primarily social activity among youth. New e-cigarette devices are constantly emerging, resulting in an increased demand to understand the safety of these devices. Additionally, hookah smoking continues to be a concerning public health issue with the increase in hookah bars and venues coupled with lack of policy regulations for hookah smoking.},
}
@article {pmid35605699,
year = {2022},
author = {Lin, Q and Lu, C and Hong, Y and Li, R and Chen, J and Chen, W and Chen, J},
title = {Animal models for studying coronavirus infections and developing antiviral agents and vaccines.},
journal = {Antiviral research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105345},
doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105345},
pmid = {35605699},
issn = {1872-9096},
abstract = {In addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), SARS-CoV-2 has become the third deadly coronavirus that infects humans and causes the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 has already caused more than six million deaths worldwide and it is likely the biggest pandemic of this century faced by mankind. Although many studies on SARS-CoV-2 have been conducted, a detailed understanding of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 is still lacking. Animal models are indispensable for studying its pathogenesis and developing vaccines and antivirals. In this review, we analyze animal models of coronavirus infections and explore their applications on antivirals and vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35605680,
year = {2022},
author = {Alaeddini, M and Etemad-Moghadam, S},
title = {SARS-Cov-2 infection in cancer patients, susceptibility, outcome and care.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.017},
pmid = {35605680},
issn = {1538-2990},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to many problems in cancer patients, which in part are due to insufficient knowledge of the exact implications of the virus on these individuals. Perceptions based on known facts about previous pandemics and coronaviruses might not agree with actual real-life experience and objective findings. We present a compilation of scientific facts and actual observations on different aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cancer patients. These patients are at increased risk of viral contraction and have higher chances of severe disease/mortality. The latter is impacted by other factors and is still debated. In contrast to preliminary impressions, the benefits of anti-cancer treatments outweigh their risks and should be continued. Cancer patients generate antibodies in response to vaccination but in lower amounts than healthy people, especially those with hematologic cancers. Boosters, including third doses, have shown increased immune-responses in most patients. Vaccination should be prioritized in these individuals.},
}
@article {pmid35605431,
year = {2022},
author = {Epton, T and Ghio, D and Ballard, LM and Allen, SF and Kassianos, AP and Hewitt, R and Swainston, K and Fynn, WI and Rowland, V and Westbrook, J and Jenkinson, E and Morrow, A and McGeechan, GJ and Stanescu, S and Yousuf, AA and Sharma, N and Begum, S and Karasouli, E and Scanlan, D and Shorter, GW and Arden, MA and Armitage, CJ and O'Connor, DB and Kamal, A and McBride, E and Swanson, V and Hart, J and Byrne-Davis, L and Chater, A and Drury, J},
title = {Interventions to promote physical distancing behaviour during infectious disease pandemics or epidemics: A systematic review.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {303},
number = {},
pages = {114946},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.114946},
pmid = {35605431},
issn = {1873-5347},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Physical distancing, defined as keeping 1-2m apart when co-located, can prevent cases of droplet or aerosol transmitted infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV2. During the COVID-19 pandemic, distancing was a recommendation or a requirement in many countries. This systematic review aimed to determine which interventions and behavior change techniques (BCTs) are effective in promoting adherence to distancing and through which potential mechanisms of action (MOAs).
METHODS: Six databases were searched. The review included studies that were (a) conducted on humans, (b) reported physical distancing interventions, (c) included any comparator (e.g., pre-intervention versus post-intervention; randomized controlled trial), and (d) reported actual distancing or predictors of distancing behavior. Risk of bias was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. BCTs and potential MoAs were identified in each intervention.
RESULTS: Six articles (with seven studies and 19 comparisons) indicated that distancing interventions could successfully change MoAs and behavior. Successful BCTs (MoAs) included feedback on behavior (e.g., motivation); information about health consequences, salience of health consequences (e.g., beliefs about consequences), demonstration (e.g., beliefs about capabilities), and restructuring the physical environment (e.g., environmental context and resources). The most promising interventions were proximity buzzers, directional systems, and posters with loss-framed messages that demonstrated the behaviors.
CONCLUSIONS: The evidence indicates several BCTs and potential MoAs that should be targeted in interventions and highlights gaps that should be the focus of future research.},
}
@article {pmid35604493,
year = {2022},
author = {Liana, P and Liberty, IA and Murti, K and Hafy, Z and Salim, EM and Zulkarnain, M and Umar, TP},
title = {A systematic review on neutrophil extracellular traps and its prognostication role in COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Immunologic research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35604493},
issn = {1559-0755},
abstract = {Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are extracellular webs composed of neutrophil granular and nuclear elements. Because of the potentially dangerous amplification circuit between inflammation and tissue damage, NETs are becoming one of the investigated components in the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize studies on the role of NETs in determining the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. The study used six databases: PubMed, Science Direct, EBSCOHost, Europe PMC, ProQuest, and Scopus. This literature search was implemented until October 31, 2021. The search terms were determined specifically for each databases, generally included the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps, COVID-19, and prognosis. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS) was then used to assess the risk of bias. Ten studies with a total of 810 participants were chosen based on the attainment of the prerequisite. Two were of high quality, seven were of moderate quality, and the rest were of low quality. The majority of studies compared COVID-19 to healthy control. Thrombosis was observed in three studies, while four studies recorded the need for mechanical ventilation. In COVID-19 patients, the early NETs concentration or the evolving NETs degradations can predict patient mortality. Based on their interactions with inflammatory and organ dysfunction markers, it is concluded that NETs play a significant role in navigating the severity of COVID-19 patients and thus impacting their prognosis.},
}
@article {pmid35604464,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, E and Fang, M and Jones, C and Minze, LJ and Xing, J and Zhang, Z},
title = {Mechanisms involved in controlling RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS},
volume = {79},
number = {6},
pages = {313},
pmid = {35604464},
issn = {1420-9071},
support = {R01AI155488//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; 20CDA35260116//American Heart Association/ ; },
abstract = {Gastroenteritis is inflammation of the lining of stomach and intestines and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Many viruses, especially RNA viruses are the most common cause of enteritis. Innate immunity is the first line of host defense against enteric RNA viruses and virus-induced intestinal inflammation. The first layer of defense against enteric RNA viruses in the intestinal tract is intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), dendritic cells and macrophages under the intestinal epithelium. These innate immune cells express pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) for recognizing enteric RNA viruses through sensing viral pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). As a result of this recognition type I interferon (IFN), type III IFN and inflammasome activation occurs, which function cooperatively to clear infection and reduce viral-induced intestinal inflammation. In this review, we summarize recent findings about mechanisms involved in enteric RNA virus-induced intestinal inflammation. We will provide an overview of the enteric RNA viruses, their RNA sensing mechanisms by host PRRs, and signaling pathways triggered by host PRRs, which shape the intestinal immune response to maintain intestinal homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid35603763,
year = {2022},
author = {Sil, A and Das, A and Datta, D},
title = {Mucocutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 related multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A): an update.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ced.15271},
pmid = {35603763},
issn = {1365-2230},
abstract = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is an inflammatory condition affecting multiple extrapulmonary organ systems (cardiac, gastrointestinal tract, dermatological and/or neurological), attributed to a post-infectious and atypical complication occurring weeks to months after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The diagnosis is primarily based on findings encompassing persistent fever, elevated inflammatory markers, multi-organ involvement, and a temporal relationship with coronavirus 2019 infection. The existing literature on MIS-A, although growing, is limited to case reports and small cases series. It is imperative that dermatologists be aware of this entity and aid the critical care team to ensure timely diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention. In this review, we concisely highlight the varied presentations, pathogenesis, and treatment options in MIS-A.},
}
@article {pmid35603328,
year = {2022},
author = {Huang, JA and Hartanti, IR and Colin, MN and Pitaloka, DA},
title = {Telemedicine and artificial intelligence to support self-isolation of COVID-19 patients: Recent updates and challenges.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {20552076221100634},
doi = {10.1177/20552076221100634},
pmid = {35603328},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {Background: Asymptomatic and high-risk COVID-19 patients are advised to self-isolate at home. However, patients may not realize that the condition is deteriorating until too late.
Objective: This study aims to review various artificial intelligence-based telemedicine research during the COVID-19 outbreak and proposes a framework for developing telemedicine powered by artificial intelligence to monitor progression in COVID-19 patients during isolation at home. It also aims to map challenges using artificial intelligence-based telemedicine in the community.
Methods: A systematic review was performed for the related articles published in 2019-2021 and conducted in the PubMed and ScienceDirect database using the keywords "telemedicine," "artificial intelligence," and "COVID-19". The inclusion criteria were full-text articles and original research written in the English language.
Results: Thirteen articles were included in this review to describe the current application of artificial intelligence-based telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Various current applications have been implemented, such as for early diagnosis and tracing of contact for the users, to monitor symptoms and decision-making treatment, clinical management, and virtual and remote treatment. We also proposed the framework of telemedicine powered by artificial intelligence for support the self-isolation of COVID-19 patients based on the recent update in technology. However, we identified some challenges for using digital health technologies because of the ethical and practical use, the policy and regulation, and device use both for healthcare workers and patients.
Conclusion: Artificial intelligence promises to improve the practice of medicine in various ways. However, practical applications still need to be explored, and medical professionals also need to adapt to these advances for better healthcare delivery to the public.},
}
@article {pmid35603319,
year = {2022},
author = {Regalado, J and Timmer, A and Jawaid, A},
title = {Crime and deviance during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Sociology compass},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {e12974},
doi = {10.1111/soc4.12974},
pmid = {35603319},
issn = {1751-9020},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world and inevitably influenced people's behaviors including the likelihood of crime and deviance. Emerging empirical evidence suggests a decline in certain crimes (e.g., theft, robbery, and assault) but also proliferation of different violent behaviors and cybercriminal activity during the pandemic. To explain those trends, we draw on existent theories and elaborate on how crime and violence have been affected by the changes in people's daily routines and accumulated stressful conditions. However, as recent crime trends appear to be largely inconsistent and vary across social groups and contexts, we argue that social scientists need to pay particular attention to the differential experiences related to crime and violence during this global crisis. Specifically, because of the disproportionate experience of violence by vulnerable groups including minorities and women as well as the unique cross-national variations in deviance, more nuanced approaches to understanding causes of crime are warranted. We also discuss the limitations of present research and provide recommendations for the development of comparative and multi-disciplinary studies on criminal and deviant behaviors that are influenced by human crisis situations.},
}
@article {pmid35603215,
year = {2022},
author = {Hensen, L and Illing, PT and Rowntree, LC and Davies, J and Miller, A and Tong, SYC and Habel, JR and van de Sandt, CE and Flanagan, KL and Purcell, AW and Kedzierska, K and Clemens, EB},
title = {T Cell Epitope Discovery in the Context of Distinct and Unique Indigenous HLA Profiles.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {812393},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.812393},
pmid = {35603215},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {CD8+ T cells are a pivotal part of the immune response to viruses, playing a key role in disease outcome and providing long-lasting immunity to conserved pathogen epitopes. Understanding CD8+ T cell immunity in humans is complex due to CD8+ T cell restriction by highly polymorphic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) proteins, requiring T cell epitopes to be defined for different HLA allotypes across different ethnicities. Here we evaluate strategies that have been developed to facilitate epitope identification and study immunogenic T cell responses. We describe an immunopeptidomics approach to sequence HLA-bound peptides presented on virus-infected cells by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Using antigen presenting cell lines that stably express the HLA alleles characteristic of Indigenous Australians, this approach has been successfully used to comprehensively identify influenza-specific CD8+ T cell epitopes restricted by HLA allotypes predominant in Indigenous Australians, including HLA-A*24:02 and HLA-A*11:01. This is an essential step in ensuring high vaccine coverage and efficacy in Indigenous populations globally, known to be at high risk from influenza disease and other respiratory infections.},
}
@article {pmid35603213,
year = {2022},
author = {Ladak, RJ and He, AJ and Huang, YH and Ding, Y},
title = {The Current Landscape of mRNA Vaccines Against Viruses and Cancer-A Mini Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {885371},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.885371},
pmid = {35603213},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Both infectious viral diseases and cancer have historically been some of the most common causes of death worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic is a decidedly relevant example of the former. Despite progress having been made over past decades, new and improved techniques are still needed to address the limitations faced by current treatment standards, with mRNA-based therapy emerging as a promising solution. Highly flexible, scalable and cost-effective, mRNA therapy is proving to be a compelling vaccine platform against viruses. Likewise, mRNA vaccines show similar promise against cancer as a platform capable of encoding multiple antigens for a diverse array of cancers, including those that are patient specific as a novel form of personalized medicine. In this review, the molecular mechanisms, biotechnological aspects, and clinical developments of mRNA vaccines against viral infections and cancer are discussed to provide an informative update on the current state of mRNA therapy research.},
}
@article {pmid35603211,
year = {2022},
author = {Primorac, D and Vrdoljak, K and Brlek, P and Pavelić, E and Molnar, V and Matišić, V and Erceg Ivkošić, I and Parčina, M},
title = {Adaptive Immune Responses and Immunity to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {848582},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.848582},
pmid = {35603211},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the medical field has been forced to apply the basic knowledge of immunology with the most up-to-date SARS-CoV-2 findings and translate it to the population of the whole world in record time. Following the infection with the viral antigen, adaptive immune responses are activated mainly by viral particle encounters with the antigen-presenting cells or B cell receptors, which induce further biological interactions to defend the host against the virus. After the infection has been warded off, the immunological memory is developed. The SARS-CoV cellular immunity has been shown to persist even 17 years after the infection, despite the undetectable humoral component. Similar has been demonstrated for the SARS-CoV-2 T cell memory in a shorter period by assessing interferon-gamma levels when heparinized blood is stimulated with the virus-specific peptides. T cells also play an irreplaceable part in a humoral immune reaction as the backbone of a cellular immune response. They both provide the signals for B cell activation and the maturation, competence, and memory of the humoral response. B cell production of IgA was shown to be of significant influence in mediating mucosal immunity as the first part of the defense mechanism and in the development of nasal vaccines. Here, we interpret the recent SARS-CoV-2 available research, which encompasses the significance and the current understanding of adaptive immune activity, and compare it among naive, exposed, and vaccinated blood donors. Our recent data showed that those who recovered from COVID-19 and those who are vaccinated with EMA-approved vaccines had a long-lasting cellular immunity. Additionally, we analyze the humoral responses in immunocompromised patients and memory mediated by cellular immunity and the impact of clonality in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic regarding breakthrough infections and variants of concern, both B.1.617.2 (Delta) and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variants.},
}
@article {pmid35603203,
year = {2022},
author = {Gonçalves, JIB and Borges, TJ and de Souza, APD},
title = {Microbiota and the Response to Vaccines Against Respiratory Virus.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {889945},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.889945},
pmid = {35603203},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {This mini review describes the role of gut and lung microbiota during respiratory viral infection and discusses the implication of the microbiota composition on the immune responses generated by the vaccines designed to protect against these pathogens. This is a growing field and recent evidence supports that the composition and function of the microbiota can modulate the immune response of vaccination against respiratory viruses such as influenza and SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have highlighted that molecules derived from the microbiome can have systemic effects, acting in distant organs. These molecules are recognized by the immune cells from the host and can trigger or modulate different responses, interfering with vaccination protection. Modulating the microbiota composition has been suggested as an approach to achieving more efficient protective immune responses. Studies in humans have reported associations between a better vaccine response and specific bacterial taxa. These associations vary among different vaccine strategies and are likely to be context-dependent. The use of prebiotics and probiotics in conjunction with vaccination demonstrated that bacterial components could act as adjuvants. Future microbiota-based interventions may potentially improve and optimize the responses of respiratory virus vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35603097,
year = {2022},
author = {Jatoi, HN and Abbas, S and Abbasi, MS and Tauni, MA and Ghazanfar, S and Zafar Malick, MD and Umar, MF and Tahir, MJ and Asghar, MS and Ahmed, A},
title = {BNT162b2 vaccine considerations for immunocompromised individuals: A global perspective.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103796},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103796},
pmid = {35603097},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {With the emergence of COVID-19 vaccines, individuals with comorbidities and immunosuppression require particular attention and should be prioritized for vaccination. However, the majority of vaccine clinical trials excluded people with comorbidities, resulting in a lack of data regarding vaccine efficacy in this demographic. Along with more inclusivity in clinical trials, reaching a definitive conclusion regarding vaccine efficacy in these patients is also crucial. In our review, we highlight the BNT162b2 vaccine safety and efficacy based on the limited number of clinical trials which included this demographic. We also provide vaccine considerations for individuals with cancer, autoimmune diseases, HIV, obesity, diabetes, organ transplant recipients and those undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to help them govern their decision regarding vaccine administration. In conclusion, further studies are required to alleviate any insecurities in patients with comorbidities regarding vaccination and it is recommended that patients are monitored post-vaccination to make sure sufficient immunity is achieved.},
}
@article {pmid35603040,
year = {2022},
author = {Matta, G and Kumar, P and Uniyal, DP and Joshi, DU},
title = {Communicating Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene under Sustainable Development Goals 3, 4, and 6 as the Panacea for Epidemics and Pandemics Referencing the Succession of COVID-19 Surges.},
journal = {ACS ES&T water},
volume = {2},
number = {5},
pages = {667-689},
doi = {10.1021/acsestwater.1c00366},
pmid = {35603040},
issn = {2690-0637},
abstract = {WASH (water, sanitation, and hygiene) has become the most crucial amenity in the past decade for every individual on the planet. In the UN agenda for 2030, which created 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SDGs 3, 4, and 6 directly correlate with WASH practices and management for creating a good health hygiene environment for all. The dearth of WASH facilities has created barriers for averting the transmission of COVID-19, motivating the concept of WASH as the primary step of precaution and prevention, which includes WASH practices, communication for literacy, and positive behavioral changes primarily in developing and low-income countries. This Review deals with the complex concept of correlation of WASH and SDGs 3, 4, and 6 while defining elaborate WASH practices, including the prominence of clean water, the need for sanitation facilities, and health hygiene for good health and immunity for preparedness for and during epidemics and pandemics. Certain risk factors explain the sectors in which the gaps exist, creating a gap for implementation of WASH practices in epidemics and pandemics across the globe. Further, COVID-19 surge succession is presented along with data of different variants that have occurred. The need of WASH understanding is required using different tools (audio-visual, social media, print media, and mass media) and strategies (communication, advocacy, and positive behavioral changes) for every individual as an act to counter consequences during and after the COVID-19 pandemic and as a routine practice for future preparedness. This Review gives a detailed concept of WASH understanding for every sector from community to government agencies and research professionals to act immediately for the sustainable future of humanity.},
}
@article {pmid35603036,
year = {2022},
author = {Yuan, Y and Miao, W and Yuan, X and Dai, Y and Yuan, Y and Gong, Y},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture in China and recommended strategies for mitigating the impact.},
journal = {Journal of the World Aquaculture Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jwas.12886},
pmid = {35603036},
issn = {0893-8849},
abstract = {We carried out a preliminary investigation to study the impact of COVID-19 on aquaculture in China and identify the strategies and measures that have been taken by the Chinese Government. The investigation involved questionnaire surveys designed for all stakeholders along the industrial chain, including grow-out farmers, seed producers, fish processors, fish traders, and feed companies engaged in the catfish sector in Hubei Province and the tilapia sector in Guangdong Province during the strict period of control and after these control measures were lifted. We also attempted to summarize the government interventions and measures taken by different stakeholders along the value chain to minimize the damage caused by COVID-19 and support the recovery of different sectors in the aquaculture industry. We found that due to delayed harvesting, fish stocks were held-up in ponds and normal farming was interrupted. Farmers and traders were more severely impacted by the pandemic than other sectors. Furthermore, a series of strategies and measures are recommended to cope with the pandemic and other similar risks in the future. We expect that this study will provide good evidence for international societies to support the aquaculture industry in minimizing the impact of the pandemic and the rapid recovery of the industry in the post-pandemic period.},
}
@article {pmid35602927,
year = {2022},
author = {Rolin, S and Chakales, A and Verduzco-Gutierrez, M},
title = {Rehabilitation Strategies for Cognitive and Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of COVID-19.},
journal = {Current physical medicine and rehabilitation reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1007/s40141-022-00352-9},
pmid = {35602927},
issn = {2167-4833},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 are abundant, including after recovery of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review seeks to explore the cognitive and neuropsychiatric manifestations of COVID-19 and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), including Long COVID syndromes. Furthermore, the review will discuss rehabilitation strategies for the emerging neurological consequences of COVID-19 to help those experiencing long-term effects of COVID-19.
Recent Findings: There is emerging evidence depicting the neural involvement of COVID-19. Health priorities have shifted from understanding pathogenesis and treatment of pulmonary symptoms to targeting the acute and chronic sequelae of COVID-19, including cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The sequelae of COVID-19 often co-occur with other medical problems and is best managed by assessment and care across multiple disciplines. Symptoms following infection are similar to those found by other syndromes and disorders that disrupt the central nervous system.
Summary: The acute and chronic sequelae of COVID-19 have become major targets of current health care providers given its significant public health impact, inclusive of cognitive and neuropsychiatric sequelae. Assessment and referral to rehabilitation based on each individual's needs and symptoms can decrease morbidity and improve quality of life.},
}
@article {pmid35602853,
year = {2022},
author = {Kendall-Tackett, K and Beck, CT},
title = {Secondary Traumatic Stress and Moral Injury in Maternity Care Providers: A Narrative and Exploratory Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in global women's health},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {835811},
doi = {10.3389/fgwh.2022.835811},
pmid = {35602853},
issn = {2673-5059},
abstract = {Introduction: A significant percentage of maternity providers have experienced secondary traumatic stress following a traumatic birth. Previous studies identified it as an issue, but this literature review is 5-9 years old. In addition, the construct of moral injury has significantly increased our understanding of secondary trauma for military veterans. In the wake of COVID-19, this construct also applies to healthcare providers.
Objectives: The present article updates these reviews and compares findings for three groups: labor and delivery nurses, midwives, and obstetricians. The second portion of this review re-examines previously published qualitative research to determine whether moral injury might more accurately describe the experiences of maternity personnel.
Methods: A comprehensive review of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, PsychINFO, and CINAHL was conducted in June 2021 using search terms such as compassion fatigue, secondary trauma, moral injury, labor and delivery, nurses, midwives, and obstetricians. Forty articles were identified, but only 16 focused on secondary trauma or moral injury.
Results: Secondary trauma is a significant concern affecting at least 25% of maternity staff. However, some countries have very low rates, which correspond to low rates in childbirth-related trauma in mothers. Secondary trauma can lead to several symptoms, including re-experiencing, avoidance, negative changes in mood and cognitions, and hyperarousal, which can cause significant impairment. As a result, many providers decide to leave the field in the wake of a traumatic birth. The incidence of moral injury is unknown, but a re-examination of previously published qualitative data suggests that this construct, generally used to describe combat veterans, does describe some of what providers have reported. Acts of omission, i.e., failure to stop the harmful acts of others had long-term negative effects on labor and delivery nurses, consistent with data from military samples. Two possible mediators were proposed: hierarchical and gendered relationships in hospitals and agency of care.
Conclusion: The effects of traumatic birth on providers can be severe, including possible psychological sequelae, impaired job performance, and leaving the field. Moral injury expands upon the construct of secondary traumatic stress. This construct better describes the experiences of maternity staff in non-primary roles who witness traumatic births and are often haunted by events that they could not prevent, but often question whether they should have.},
}
@article {pmid35602477,
year = {2022},
author = {Biswas, S and Mahmud, S and Mita, MA and Afrose, S and Hasan, MR and Paul, GK and Shimu, MSS and Uddin, MS and Zaman, S and Park, MN and Siyadatpanah, A and Obaidullah, AJ and Saleh, MA and Simal-Gandara, J and Kim, B},
title = {The Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 Variants With a Lower Antibody Response: A Genomic and Clinical Perspective.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {825245},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.825245},
pmid = {35602477},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The emergence of several novel SARS-CoV-2 variants regarded as variants of concern (VOCs) has exacerbated pathogenic and immunologic prominences, as well as reduced diagnostic sensitivity due to phenotype modification-capable mutations. Furthermore, latent and more virulent strains that have arisen as a result of unique mutations with increased evolutionary potential represent a threat to vaccine effectiveness in terms of incoming and existing variants. As a result, resisting natural immunity, which leads to higher reinfection rates, and avoiding vaccination-induced immunization, which leads to a lack of vaccine effectiveness, has become a crucial problem for public health around the world. This study attempts to review the genomic variation and pandemic impact of emerging variations of concern based on clinical characteristics management and immunization effectiveness. The goal of this study is to gain a better understanding of the link between genome level polymorphism, clinical symptom manifestation, and current vaccination in the instance of VOCs.},
}
@article {pmid35602467,
year = {2022},
author = {Leap, B and Stalp, MC and Kelly, K},
title = {Reorganizations of Gendered Labor During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review and Suggestions for Further Research.},
journal = {Sociological inquiry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/soin.12488},
pmid = {35602467},
issn = {0038-0245},
abstract = {Across a range of countries, analysts have found that adaptations to the COVID-19 pandemic often exacerbated previously existing labor inequalities between men and women in formal employment markets and households. This has been especially true for mothers with children in their households. Drawing on decades of sociological and feminist scholarship on labor, we suggest the following three strategies to strengthen ongoing research concerning pandemic-induced reorganizations of gendered labor. First, ongoing research should expand considerations of gendered labor to account for more types of work and workers. Second, initial findings should be extended through the continued utilization of diverse methodologies to better account for the ambivalent experiences and meanings associated with emergent reorganizations of gendered work during the pandemic. Finally, ongoing research should pursue intersectional analyses of gendered labor that are sensitive to the complex dynamics of place and time. By expanding and strengthening considerations of gendered labor in these manners, ongoing analyses could generate more comprehensive, precise findings that better guide policy interventions meant to address the gendered inequities being sharpened by the pandemic. Foundational theoretical understandings of gendered labor and its associated inequalities could also be extended.},
}
@article {pmid35602265,
year = {2022},
author = {Joshi, N and Shukla, S and Narayan, RJ},
title = {Novel photonic methods for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Translational biophotonics},
volume = {4},
number = {1-2},
pages = {e202200001},
doi = {10.1002/tbio.202200001},
pmid = {35602265},
issn = {2627-1850},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic that began in March 2020 continues in many countries. The ongoing pandemic makes early diagnosis a crucial part of efforts to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections. As such, the development of a rapid, reliable, and low-cost technique with increased sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is an important priority of the scientific community. At present, nucleic acid-based techniques are primarily used as the reference approach for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, in several cases, false positive results have been observed with these techniques. Due to the drawbacks associated with existing techniques, the development of new techniques for the diagnosis of COVID-19 is an important research activity. We provide an overview of novel diagnostic methods for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis that integrate photonic technology with artificial intelligence. Recent developments in emerging diagnostic techniques based on the principles of advanced molecular spectroscopy and microscopy are considered.},
}
@article {pmid35602161,
year = {2022},
author = {Siddiqui, S and Alhamdi, HWS and Alghamdi, HA},
title = {Recent Chronology of COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {778037},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.778037},
pmid = {35602161},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {COVID-19 is highly contagious and is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. It spreads by means of respiratory droplets and close contact with infected persons. With the progression of disease, numerous complications develop, particularly among persons with chronic illnesses. Pathological investigations indicate that it affects multiple organs and can induce acute respiratory distress syndrome. Prevention is vital and self-isolation is the best means of containing this virus. Good community health practices like maintaining sufficient distance from other people, wearing protective face masks and regular hand washing should be adopted. Convalescent plasma transfusion and the administration of the antiviral Remdesivir have been found to be effective. Vaccines offer lifesaving protecting against COVID-19 which has killed millions and our best bet for staying safe. Screening, suppression/containment as well as mitigation are the strategies implemented for controlling COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccination is essential to end the COVID-19 pandemic and everyone should have an access to them. The current COVID-19 pandemic brought the global economy to a standstill and has exacted an enormous human and financial toll.},
}
@article {pmid35601770,
year = {2022},
author = {Gao, Y and Wong, SL and Md Khambari, MN and Noordin, N},
title = {A bibliometric analysis of online faculty professional development in higher education.},
journal = {Research and practice in technology enhanced learning},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
doi = {10.1186/s41039-022-00196-w},
pmid = {35601770},
issn = {1793-7078},
abstract = {Research on online faculty professional development (OFPD) in higher education has increased in recent years. As there is, nevertheless, a scarcity of quantitative investigations on research publications in this area, a bibliometric analysis of 248 publications collected from the Scopus database was conducted. Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software tools were used for descriptive and network analyses. The research results showed that the overall trend of publication in this domain increased steadily at an annual growth rate of 14.11% during the past 25 years. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Network and Computers and Education ranked the highest among journals with regard to publication number and citation number, respectively. With a total of 298 citations to his paper, Peter Shea was ranked the most impactful author while Maria Northcote, with five publications, was the most productive. In terms of geographical location of research activity, America played the leading role, with Asia emerging in this field. The publication entitled "A Research Agenda for Online Teacher Professional Development" by Dede et al. topped the list for both total citations and average yearly citations. As to recent trends, teacher professional development through online teaching was emergent partly due to the outbreak of Covid-19. Pedagogy training, online community building, and facilitating online teachers were the themes that researchers favored. The study will contribute toward better understanding of the existing literary landscape of research on OFPD given the potential of OFPD in enhancing faculty's effectiveness in their classrooms and over the course of their teaching careers.},
}
@article {pmid35601673,
year = {2022},
author = {Sarkar, G and Suthindhiran, K},
title = {Diversity and Biotechnological Potential of Marine Actinomycetes from India.},
journal = {Indian journal of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-19},
doi = {10.1007/s12088-022-01024-x},
pmid = {35601673},
issn = {0046-8991},
abstract = {Actinomycetes are potential antibiotic producers that have been isolated from various terrestrial ecosystems and are exploited for their bioactive compounds. On the contrary, the marine environments were less explored and the research on marine actinomycetes had gained momentum only for the past three decades. Marine actinomycetes are one of the most significant producers of diverse groups of secondary metabolites and provide a huge scope for pharmaceutical and other industries. These organisms are proved to be important, both biotechnologically and economically considering their global presence. The marine ecosystem in India is less explored for the isolation of actinomycetes and several ecological niches are left unattended. Compared to the global scenario, the contribution from Indian researchers towards the isolation and exploitation of marine actinomycetes from the Indian sub-continent is noteworthy. Exploration of actinomycetes from these ecosystems will certainly yield new species and metabolites. Considering the declining rate of drug discovery from terrestrial actinomycetes, the marine counterparts, especially from unexplored regions from the Indian coast will hold a promising way ahead. Apart from drugs, these organisms are reported for the production of different industrially important enzymes like cellulase, amylase, protease, lipase, etc. They are also used in environmental applications, agriculture, and aquacultures sectors. With the rapid advancement in the study of actinomycetes from different marine sources in India, new metabolites are being discovered which have an important role from the economic and industrial point of view. As the world is witnessing newer diseases such as Sars-Cov 2 and the pandemic due to its demands drugs and other metabolites are increasing day by day. Therefore, the necessity for the quest for unique and rare marine actinomycetes is enhancing too. This review highlights the research on marine actinomycetes in India and also the challenges associated with its research.},
}
@article {pmid35601632,
year = {2020},
author = {Prados, IG and Del Amo, MB and Román, RR and Santos, FJG},
title = {Gynecological Surgery and Its Five Steps Towards Resilience: Minimally Invasive Approach in the COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {Journal of minimally invasive surgery},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {153-158},
doi = {10.7602/jmis.2020.23.4.153},
pmid = {35601632},
issn = {2234-5248},
abstract = {After the declaration of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, gynecological surgery joins the readjustment process that this great global health crisis implies. In the light of current literature, the five steps towards its resilience are described as below; (1) Dynamic prioritization of surgical indications and reintroduction of elective surgeries: Diverse surgical prioritization lists are published including the most common gynecological pathologies. (2) Minimally invasive surgery through laparoscopy and robotic assistance: Some authors suggest a theoretical but unproven risk of viral transmission during these approaches because of the aerosol generation. These theories are opposed to the well-proven advantages of these approaches compared to open surgery. (3) Optimization of surgical procedures, according to the recommendations of different societies aimed at reducing the dispersion of aerosols and surgical smoke. (4) Clinical, epidemiological and microbiological screening of all patients awaiting prompt surgery: This screening should be adapted to the local alert state. (5) Protection through the reduction of number of persons present in the operating room, and the use of adapted personal protective equipment according to physical proximity to the patient.},
}
@article {pmid35601476,
year = {2022},
author = {Pacheco, JA and Molena, KF and Martins, CROG and Corona, SAM and Borsatto, MC},
title = {Photobiomodulation (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in oral manifestations of patients infected by Sars-CoV-2: systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Bulletin of the National Research Centre},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {140},
doi = {10.1186/s42269-022-00830-z},
pmid = {35601476},
issn = {2522-8307},
abstract = {Background: In 2019, a viral and respiratory pathology called COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, and spread to other continents. Its main symptoms include fever, cough, dyspnea, myalgia, anorexia and respiratory distress in the most severe cases, which can lead to death. Furthermore, manifestations in the oral cavity such as ageusia and dysgeusia, as well as lesions in other regions of the oral cavity, can be observed.
Main body: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to critically assess the clinical evidence on the use of photobiomodulation (PBMT) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of oral lesions in patients infected with Sars-Cov-2. The literature extracted from electronic databases such as PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, and Google Scholar was screened for eligibility, and relevant articles were included. The review is limited to manuscripts published in English, Spanish and Portuguese language between December 2019 and October 2021. A total of 5 articles with 11 cases retracting PBMT and aPDT as therapeutic strategies for the regression of oral lesions and painful symptoms. The results show favoring the associated use of PBMT with aPDT (P = 0.004), and the isolated use of PBMT with the result of significant "P = 0.005" and good confidence interval (7.18, 39.20) in ulcerative lesions, herpetic, aphthous, erythematous, petechiae and necrotic areas.
Conclusions: PBMT and aPDT could be effective in the treatment of oral lesions of patients infected with Sars-Cov-2 in a short period of time; however, more long-term randomized clinical trials studies are needed to define the therapeutic strategy.},
}
@article {pmid35601440,
year = {2022},
author = {Dhaliwal, M and Tyagi, R and Malhotra, P and Barman, P and Loganathan, SK and Sharma, J and Sharma, K and Mondal, S and Rawat, A and Singh, S},
title = {Mechanisms of Immune Dysregulation in COVID-19 Are Different From SARS and MERS: A Perspective in Context of Kawasaki Disease and MIS-C.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {790273},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2022.790273},
pmid = {35601440},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {Coronaviruses have led to three major outbreaks to date-Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS; 2002), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS; 2012) and the ongoing pandemic, Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19; 2019). Coronavirus infections are usually mild in children. However, a few children with MERS had presented with a severe phenotype in the acute phase resulting in progressive pneumonic changes with increasing oxygen dependency and acute respiratory distress requiring ventilatory support. A subset of children with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection develops a multisystem hyper-inflammatory phenotype known as Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C). This syndrome occurs 4-6 weeks after infection with SARS-CoV-2 and has been reported more often from areas with high community transmission. Children with MIS-C present with high fever and often have involvement of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and hematologic systems leading to multiorgan failure. This is accompanied by elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-10. MIS-C has several similarities with Kawasaki disease (KD) considering children with both conditions present with fever, rash, conjunctival injection, mucosal symptoms and swelling of hands and feet. For reasons that are still not clear, both KD and MIS-C were not reported during the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV outbreaks. As SARS-CoV-2 differs from SARS-CoV by 19.5% and MERS by 50% in terms of sequence identity, differences in genomic and proteomic profiles may explain the varied disease immunopathology and host responses. Left untreated, MIS-C may lead to severe abdominal pain, ventricular dysfunction and shock. Immunological investigations reveal reduced numbers of follicular B cells, increased numbers of terminally differentiated CD4+T lymphocytes, and decreased IL-17A. There is still ambiguity about the clinical and immunologic risk factors that predispose some children to development of MIS-C while sparing others. Host-pathogen interactions in SARS, MERS and COVID-19 are likely to play a crucial role in the clinical phenotypes that manifest. This narrative review focuses on the immunological basis for development of MIS-C syndrome in the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. To the best of our knowledge, these aspects have not been reviewed before.},
}
@article {pmid35601363,
year = {2022},
author = {Lishchynskyi, O and Shymborska, Y and Stetsyshyn, Y and Raczkowska, J and Skirtach, AG and Peretiatko, T and Budkowski, A},
title = {Passive antifouling and active self-disinfecting antiviral surfaces.},
journal = {Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {137048},
doi = {10.1016/j.cej.2022.137048},
pmid = {35601363},
issn = {1385-8947},
abstract = {Viruses pose a serious threat to human health and society in general, as virus infections are one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Till May 2022, over 513 million people around the world have been confirmed to be infected and more than 6.2 million have died due to SARS-CoV-2. Although the COVID-19 pandemic will be defeated in the near future, we are likely to face new viral threats in the coming years. One of the important instruments to protect from viruses are antiviral surfaces, which are essentially capable of limiting their spread. The formulation of the concept of antiviral surfaces is relatively new. In general, five types of mechanism directed against virus spread can be proposed for antiviral surfaces; involving: direct and indirect actions, receptor inactivation, photothermal effect, and antifouling behavior. All antiviral surfaces can be classified into two main types - passive and active. Passive antiviral surfaces are based on superhydrophobic coatings that are able to repel virus contaminated droplets. In turn, viruses can become biologically inert (e.g., blocked or destroyed) upon contact with active antiviral surfaces, as they contain antiviral agents: metal atoms, synthetic or natural polymers, and small molecules. The functionality of antiviral surfaces can be significantly improved with additional properties, such as temperature- or pH-responsivity, multifunctionality, non-specific action on different virus types, long-term application, high antiviral efficiency and self-cleaning.},
}
@article {pmid35601277,
year = {2021},
author = {Lee, SH},
title = {Does surgical smoke matter?.},
journal = {Journal of minimally invasive surgery},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.7602/jmis.2021.24.1.1},
pmid = {35601277},
issn = {2234-5248},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has dramatically changed our daily lives and medical practices since it was first reported in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Unlike the usual transmission patterns of other viral diseases, the asymptomatic or presymptomatic transmission of COVID-19 has caused difficulties in disease control around the globe. Surgical smoke or fumes may carry viruses. However, there is no evidence that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which causes COVID-19, is transmitted via surgical smoke or fumes. Laparoscopic surgeries should be continued to ensure optimal patient care. This review article aimed to investigate the current evidence relating to COVID-19 in surgical care and to discuss future remedies as the COVID-19 pandemic continues.},
}
@article {pmid35601258,
year = {2022},
author = {Boura, I and Chaudhuri, KR},
title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Related Parkinsonism: The Clinical Evidence Thus Far.},
journal = {Movement disorders clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/mdc3.13461},
pmid = {35601258},
issn = {2330-1619},
abstract = {Background: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has fueled both research and speculation, as to whether it could be a "perfect storm" for a post-Covid emergence of parkinsonism in some susceptible individuals, analogous to the post-encephalitic parkinsonism reported after the 1918 influenza epidemic. This theory is further augmented by reports of a pathogenic effect of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on the central nervous system with specific impact on the dopaminergic pathway, as well as the possibility of the virus to selectively bind to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2); these molecules are expressed abundantly in the midbrain dopamine neurons and, are likely involved in several cellular mechanisms cited in Parkinson's Disease (PD) pathophysiology.
Objectives—Methods: Therefore, we performed a review of the literature up to February 2022 to explore the current landscape considering published cases of new-onset parkinsonism after a SARS-CoV-2 infection in otherwise healthy individuals. We summarized their clinical features, diagnostic and treatment approaches, discussing potential underlying mechanisms in light of PD pathogenesis theories.
Results: Twenty cases that developed parkinsonian features simultaneously or shortly after a reported SARS-CoV-2 infection were reviewed. In 11 of them, parkinsonism appeared in the context of encephalopathy, while four patients developed post-infectious parkinsonism without encephalopathy, and four bore similarities to idiopathic PD. Nine patients exhibited a good response to dopaminergic therapy, while four responded to immunomodulatory treatment.
Conclusions: Available data does not yet justify a clear association between the Covid-19 pandemic and a parkinsonism wave. However, vigilance is necessary, as long-term effects might have not been revealed.},
}
@article {pmid35601228,
year = {2022},
author = {Emmanuel Sunday, O and Chinasa Valerie, O and Ndidi Ethel, N and Charles Obinwanne, O and Chidiebele Emmanuel Ikechukwu, N and Chisom Joshua, O},
title = {Microbial Ecology and Evolution is key to Pandemics: using the Coronavirus model to mitigate future Public Health Challenges.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e09449},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09449},
pmid = {35601228},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Pandemics are global challenges that lead to total disruption of human activities. From the inception of human existence, all pandemics have resulted in loss of human lives. The coronavirus disease caused by SAR-CoV-2 began in China and is now at the global scale with an increase in mortality and morbidity. Numerous anthropogenic activities have been implicated in the emergence and severity of pandemics, including COVID-19. These activities cause changes in microbial ecology, leading to evolution due to mutation and recombination. This review hypothesized that an understanding of these anthropogenic activities would explain the dynamics of pandemics. We used the recent coronavirus model to study issues leading to microbial evolution, preventing future pandemics. Our review highlighted anthropogenic activities, including deforestation, mining activities, waste treatment, burning of fossil fuel, as well as international travels as drivers of microbial evolution leading to pandemics. Furthermore, human-animal interaction has also been implicated in pandemic incidents. Our study recommends substantial control of such anthropogenic activities as having been highlighted as ways to reduce the frequency of mutation, reduce pathogenic reservoirs, and the emergence of infectious disease.},
}
@article {pmid35601226,
year = {2022},
author = {Ulloque-Badaracco, JR and Mosquera-Rojas, MD and Hernandez-Bustamante, EA and Alarcón-Braga, EA and Herrera-Añazco, P and Benites-Zapata, VA},
title = {Prognostic value of albumin-to-globulin ratio in COVID-19 patients : A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e09457},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09457},
pmid = {35601226},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Background and aims: The albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) has been used to predict severity and mortality in infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of the AGR in COVID-19 patients.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted. We included observational studies assessing the association between the AGR values upon hospital admission and severity or all-cause mortality in COVID-19 patients. In the meta-analyses we used random effect models. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). The effect measures were expressed as mean difference (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). We performed Egger's test and funnel plots to assess the publication bias.
Results: The included studies had a total of 11356 patients corresponding to 31 cohort studies. Severe COVID-19 patients had lower AGR values than non-severe COVID-19 patients (mean difference (MD), -0.27; 95% IC, -0.32 to -0.22; p < 0.001; I2 = 88%). Non-survivor patients with COVID-19 had lower AGR values than survivor patients (MD, -0.29; 95% IC, -0.35 to -0.24; p < 0.001; I2 = 79%). In the sensitivity analysis, we only included studies with low risk of bias, which decreased the heterogeneity for both outcomes (severity, I2 = 20%; mortality, I2 = 5%).
Conclusions: Low AGR values upon hospital admission were found in COVID-19 patients with a worse prognosis.},
}
@article {pmid35601191,
year = {2022},
author = {Powell, L and Powell, V},
title = {Queer dating during social distancing using a text-based app.},
journal = {SN social sciences},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {78},
doi = {10.1007/s43545-022-00345-4},
pmid = {35601191},
issn = {2662-9283},
abstract = {Sex and gender queer people experience feelings of isolation in a vast array of ways. Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, queer people have been forced endure additional isolation not only from people, but also from much needed sources of acceptance for sexualities and genders. As queer-focused dating apps have increased in popularity and acceptance, they have become one way in which otherwise isolated queer people are able to connect, see, and be seen. While queer physical community spaces can no longer be safely accessed due to social distancing, dating apps remain available as an essential opportunity to reach out to other queer people and to access large numbers of fellow queer people. This study reviewed a sample of 1500 Lex personal ads during the summer of 2020 that directly or indirectly reference the COVID-19 pandemic posted by users in the United States. The researchers saved and recorded appropriate text messages. These text-based personals posts were then analyzed to gain a greater understanding of both the isolation that is experienced by queer people who are not cis-men, as well as the attempts to reduce isolation through the app.},
}
@article {pmid35601184,
year = {2022},
author = {Kalkal, A and Allawadhi, P and Kumar, P and Sehgal, A and Verma, A and Pawar, K and Pradhan, R and Paital, B and Packirisamy, G},
title = {Sensing and 3D printing technologies in personalized healthcare for the management of health crises including the COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Sensors international},
volume = {3},
number = {},
pages = {100180},
doi = {10.1016/j.sintl.2022.100180},
pmid = {35601184},
issn = {2666-3511},
abstract = {A major threat that has surrounded human civilization since the beginning of the year 2020 is the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization and significantly affected populations globally, causing medical and economic despair. Healthcare chains across the globe have been under grave stress owing to shortages of medical equipments necessary to address a pandemic. Furthermore, personal protective equipment supplies, mandatory for healthcare staff for treating severely ill patients, have been in short supply. To address the necessary requisites during the pandemic, several researchers, hospitals, and industries collaborated to meet the demand for these medical equipments in an economically viable manner. In this context, 3D printing technologies have provided enormous potential in creating personalized healthcare equipment, including face masks, face shields, rapid detection kits, testing swabs, biosensors, and various ventilator components. This has been made possible by capitalizing on centralized large-scale manufacturing using 3D printing and local distribution of verified and tested computer-aided design files. The primary focus of this study is, "How 3D printing is helpful in developing these equipments, and how it can be helpful in the development and deployment of various sensing and point-of-care-testing (POCTs) devices for the commercialization?" Further, the present study also takes care of patient safety by implementing novel 3D printed health equipment used for COVID-19 patients. Moreover, the study helps identify and highlight the efforts made by various organizations toward the usage of 3D printing technologies, which are helpful in combating the ongoing pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35601074,
year = {2022},
author = {Cojocaru, C and Cojocaru, E and Turcanu, AM and Zaharia, DC},
title = {Clinical challenges of SARS-CoV-2 variants (Review).},
journal = {Experimental and therapeutic medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
pages = {416},
doi = {10.3892/etm.2022.11343},
pmid = {35601074},
issn = {1792-1015},
abstract = {Since the first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, there have been challenges recognizing the clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 and identifying therapeutic options. This has been compounded by viral mutations that affect clinical response and primary epidemiological indicators. Multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been identified and classified on the basis of nomenclature implemented by scientific organizations and the World Health Organisation (WHO). A total of five variants of concern (VOCs) have been identified to date. The present study aimed to analyse clinical and epidemiological features of each variant. Based on these characteristics, predictions were made about potential future evolution. Considering the time and location of SARS-CoV-2 VOC emergence, it was hypothesised that mutations were not due to pressure caused by the vaccines introduced in December 2020 but were dependent on natural characteristics of the virus. In the process of adapting to the human body, SARS-CoV-2 is expected to undergo evolution to become more contagious but less deadly. SARS-CoV-2 was hypothesized to continue spread through isolated epidemic outbreaks due to the unimmunized population, mostly unvaccinated children and adults, and for coronaviruses to continue to present a public health problem.},
}
@article {pmid35601072,
year = {2022},
author = {Leretter, MT and Vulcanescu, DD and Horhat, FG and Matichescu, A and Rivis, M and Rusu, LC and Roi, A and Racea, R and Badea, I and Dehelean, CA and Mocanu, A and Horhat, DI},
title = {COVID-19: Main findings after a year and half of unease and the proper scientific progress (Review).},
journal = {Experimental and therapeutic medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {6},
pages = {424},
doi = {10.3892/etm.2022.11350},
pmid = {35601072},
issn = {1792-1015},
abstract = {Since the emergence of the disease in late December 2019, numerous studies have been published to date regarding clinical, laboratory and treatment aspects associated with COVID-19. The present study attempts to compare and unify the clinical, para-clinical and therapeutic aspects that have come to light regarding coronavirus disease-19 (COVID 19), mainly in adults. Between April 2020 and September 2021, a comprehensive systematic literature review was performed, which we added to from our own medical experiences. The search was performed on the PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, comprising studies with analyzable data that were identified alongside studies and documents containing general scientific data. All published studies were written in English, and were from different countries. A 95% confidence interval (CI95) was also calculated for almost each study using the Wilson formula. When compared with preliminary reports between December 2019 and January 2020, the most frequent symptoms were still identified as being fever (68.6%; CI95: 67.5-69.7) and cough (72.7%; CI95: 71.7-73.8). Nevertheless, asymptomatic cases also increased (by 21.4%; CI95: 16.6-27.1). Severe and critical cases accounted for 10.4% (CI95: 9.6-11.1) of all cases. The mean fatality rate was found to be 4% (CI95: 3.6-4.5). The primary co-morbidity found was hypertension (28.9%; CI95: 27-30.8), followed by other underlying cardiovascular diseases (15.4%; CI95: 13.9-16.9) and diabetes (14.5%; CI95: 13.1-16.1). The majority of studies showed lower white blood cell numbers with neutropenia and lymphopenia, and lower platelet levels. The levels of the biomarkers C-reaction protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were positive in all studied cases alongside other lab tests, such as examining the D-dimer levels and those of other hepatic, cardiac and renal injury markers. The procalcitonin level was also found to be elevated in many cases, resulting in high usage of antibiotics (83.7%; CI95: 81.2-85.9). Approximately 31.6% (CI95: 29.1-34.1) of the patients required non-invasive ventilation, whereas 9.9% (CI95: 8.1-12.1) of the patients were intubated or placed on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The most used antivirals were ribavirin (67.3%; CI95: 63.4-70.9), oseltamivir (52.5%; CI95: 49.4-55.5) and Arbidol™ (34.5%; CI95: 32-37.1). General admittance to the intensive care unit was ~7.2% (CI95: 6.5-7.9) of patients.},
}
@article {pmid35601014,
year = {2022},
author = {Lunsky, Y and Jahoda, A and Navas, P and Campanella, S and Havercamp, SM},
title = {The mental health and well-being of adults with intellectual disability during the COVID-19 pandemic: A narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of policy and practice in intellectual disabilities},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {35-47},
doi = {10.1111/jppi.12412},
pmid = {35601014},
issn = {1741-1122},
abstract = {Prior to the start of the pandemic, adults with intellectual disability (ID) were more likely to experience mental health difficulties and face barriers obtaining mental health care. COVID-related public health restrictions, combined with heightened challenges to obtain timely mental health care, have served to worsen this situation internationally, with a combination of new onset conditions and worsening mental health for those already struggling. In this narrative review, we summarize literature on the mental health of adults with ID during the COVID-19 pandemic to describe what is known based on clinician perceptions, existing administrative health data, family and staff perceptions, and self-report. In addition to noting similarities and differences in findings based on the source of information, we also explored how experiences differed depending on where and when the research was conducted. Based primarily on research conducted during the first six months of the pandemic, there is a consistent finding across sources of increased anxiety, stress, and isolation. This review also explored the delivery of virtual mental health care and the impact of pandemic-based mental health interventions. There have been very few research studies evaluating clinical care during this time but clinicians have managed to provide supports virtually, which has been evaluated positively by some individuals. This narrative review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature and suggests key directions for future mental health research, policy, and practice efforts. Any mental health efforts now and during pandemic recovery need to have an understanding of how the mental health needs and services for adults with ID have evolved over the course of the pandemic. Further research is needed on the impact of both clinical interventions and other nonclinical efforts on the mental health of people with ID.},
}
@article {pmid35601012,
year = {2022},
author = {Trip, H and Northway, R and Perkins, E and Mirfin-Veitch, B and Adams, R},
title = {COVID-19: Evolving challenges and opportunities for residential and vocational intellectual disability service providers.},
journal = {Journal of policy and practice in intellectual disabilities},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {102-115},
doi = {10.1111/jppi.12414},
pmid = {35601012},
issn = {1741-1122},
abstract = {The sustainability of service provision continues to be a challenge in the field of intellectual disability due to changes in delivery as part of intermittent or ongoing lockdown requirements during the COVID-19 global pandemic. There are many facets to this that may have temporary or permanent impacts not only on the sector, but ultimately for service access and outcomes for people with intellectual disability themselves. This narrative literature review identifies both opportunities for, and impacts on, service providers across jurisdictions. These are explored in terms of the effects that suspension, adaptation, continuity or the cessation of service delivery have had, and those that are projected. Such impacts include, but are not limited to, changes in service access and delivery, employment roles and responsibilities, financial sustainability and the need to diversify the services and supports provided and how they are delivered. The relevance of these impacts for family carers and people with intellectual disability is also discussed. Nonetheless, there have also been opportunities which inform the shape of service delivery and pandemic planning into the future.},
}
@article {pmid35601010,
year = {2022},
author = {Sullivan, WF and Björne, P and Heng, J and Northway, R},
title = {Ethics framework and recommendations to support capabilities of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities during pandemics.},
journal = {Journal of policy and practice in intellectual disabilities},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {116-124},
doi = {10.1111/jppi.12413},
pmid = {35601010},
issn = {1741-1122},
abstract = {A growing body of knowledge highlights the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) and their caregivers. The underlying reasons are not only due to biomedical factors but also ethical issues. They stem from longstanding and pervasive structural injustices and negative social attitudes that continue to devalue people with IDD and that underlie certain clinical decisions and frameworks for public-health policies during this pandemic. Unless these fundamental ethical shortcomings are addressed, pandemic responses will continue to undermine the human rights and well-being of people with IDD. This paper proposes an ethics framing for policy and practices regarding clinical care and public health based on Martha Nussbaum's approach to Capability Theory. Such a framework can reorient healthcare professionals and healthcare systems to support the capabilities of people with IDD to protect, recover, and promote health and well-being. It could be applied during this pandemic and in planning for future pandemics. The paper presents some practical recommendations that follow from applying this framework.},
}
@article {pmid35601009,
year = {2022},
author = {Kar, B and Pradhan, D and Mishra, P and Bhuyan, SK and Ghosh, G and Rath, G},
title = {Exploring the Potential of Metal Nanoparticles as a Possible Therapeutic Adjunct for Covid-19 Infection.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India. Section B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1007/s40011-022-01371-1},
pmid = {35601009},
issn = {0369-8211},
abstract = {The WHO has declared the Covid-19 outbreak as a global health emergency with a mortality rate of approximately 3%, across 200 countries. There has been a considerable risk involved with drug repurposing in Covid-19 treatment, particularly in patients with underlying chronic disorders. Intervention of appropriate adjunct to primary drug therapy at subclinical or clinical doses may help to reduce unintended consequences involved in Covid-19 therapy. Metal nanoparticles due to their intrinsic structural and functional properties, not only contribute to anti-viral properties but also help to reduce the risk for associated complications. Although, silver nanoparticles hold great promise as an effective biocidal agent, while other metal nanoparticles also fueled interest against virus infection. The present review discusses the important properties of selected metal nanoparticles, their antiviral principle with possible toxic consequences, provides invaluable information for scientists and clinicians about an appropriate metal nanoparticle as an adjunct for Covid-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid35600857,
year = {2022},
author = {Shao, Q and Liu, T and Wang, W and Liu, T and Jin, X and Chen, Z},
title = {Promising Role of Emodin as Therapeutics to Against Viral Infections.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {902626},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.902626},
pmid = {35600857},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative that is widely present in natural plants and has a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer and so on. Through reviewing studies on antiviral effect of emodin in the past decades, we found that emodin exhibits ability of inhibiting the infection and replication of more than 10 viruses in vitro and in vivo, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), coxsackievirus B (CVB), hepatitis B virus (HBV), influenza A virus (IAV), SARS-CoV, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia rhabdovirus (VHSV), enterovirus 71 (EV71), dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) and Zika virus (ZIKV). Therefore, this review aims to summarize the antiviral effect of emodin, in order to provide reference and hopes to support the further investigations.},
}
@article {pmid35600841,
year = {2022},
author = {Pradhanang, AB and Shrestha, DK and Rajbhandari, B and Sedain, G and Sharma, MR and Shilpakar, SK and Wohns, R},
title = {Virtual Pedagogy in Neurosurgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Perspectives from University Hospital in Nepal.},
journal = {Interdisciplinary neurosurgery : Advanced techniques and case management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101590},
doi = {10.1016/j.inat.2022.101590},
pmid = {35600841},
issn = {2214-7519},
abstract = {Objectives: Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic many large institutions have turned towards virtual education. Neurosurgery in our institute, recognizing its benefits, readily embraced the virtual learning experience using Zoom Inc (San Jose, California) beginning on May 21, 2020. The result of this form of educational experience may not be apparent readily. Hence, nearing the end of one year of monthly Zoom meetings, an effort was undertaken to assess the feasibility and the barriers of effective virtual teaching learning activity in neurosurgery among the participants.
Methods: The participants consisted of neurosurgeons and trainees from department of neurosurgery Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Nepal, neurosurgeons based in Seattle, United States of America and neurosurgeons based in Sweden, who have been regularly attending the monthly virtual education organized by Dr. Wohns. At the end of one-year experience of monthly Zoom teaching and learning activities between the participants a questionnaire comprising objective questions related to their experience of virtual education in neurosurgery was distributed to the participants and answers were collected and analyzed.
Results: A total of 18 persons out of 25 responded to the questionnaire. Majority of participants responded favorably to virtual education. A few responders faced disturbance in internet connectivity affecting the quality of video and sound during the presentations. None of the participants faced inconvenience due to time difference. Most responders preferred to continue virtual education even after the pandemic.
Conclusions: Overall most participants responded favorably to virtual education which has helped them increase their participation and hence broaden their knowledge in the field. Most participants look forward to continuing this form of education even in future. Thus, this form of education may be incorporated at least in part in the future of neurosurgical training.},
}
@article {pmid35600836,
year = {2022},
author = {Rouadi, PW and Idriss, SA and Bousquet, J and Laidlaw, TM and Azar, CR and Al-Ahmad, MS and Yañez, A and Al-Nesf, MAY and Nsouli, TM and Bahna, SL and Abou-Jaoude, E and Zaitoun, FH and Hadi, UM and Hellings, PW and Scadding, GK and Smith, PK and Morais-Almeida, M and Maximiliano Gómez, R and Gonzalez Diaz, SN and Klimek, L and Juvelekian, GS and Riachy, MA and Canonica, GW and Peden, D and Wong, GWK and Sublett, J and Bernstein, JA and Wang, L and Tanno, LK and Chikhladze, M and Levin, M and Chang, YS and Martin, BL and Caraballo, L and Custovic, A and Ortego-Martell, JA and Lesslar, OJL and Jensen-Jarolim, E and Ebisawa, M and Fiocchi, A and Ansotegui, IJ},
title = {WAO-ARIA consensus on chronic cough - Part III: Management strategies in primary and cough-specialty care. Updates in COVID-19.},
journal = {The World Allergy Organization journal},
volume = {15},
number = {5},
pages = {100649},
doi = {10.1016/j.waojou.2022.100649},
pmid = {35600836},
issn = {1939-4551},
abstract = {Background: Chronic cough management necessitates a clear integrated care pathway approach. Primary care physicians initially encounter the majority of chronic cough patients, yet their role in proper management can prove challenging due to limited access to advanced diagnostic testing. A multidisciplinary approach involving otolaryngologists and chest physicians, allergists, and gastroenterologists, among others, is central to the optimal diagnosis and treatment of conditions which underly or worsen cough. These include infectious and inflammatory, upper and lower airway pathologies, or gastro-esophageal reflux. Despite the wide armamentarium of ancillary testing conducted in cough multidisciplinary care, such management can improve cough but seldom resolves it completely. This can be due partly to the limited data on the role of tests (eg, spirometry, exhaled nitric oxide), as well as classical pharmacotherapy conducted in multidisciplinary specialties for chronic cough. Other important factors include presence of multiple concomitant cough trigger mechanisms and the central neuronal complexity of chronic cough. Subsequent management conducted by cough specialists aims at control of cough refractory to prior interventions and includes cough-specific behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy with neuromodulators, among others. Preliminary data on the role of neuromodulators in a proof-of-concept manner are encouraging but lack strong evidence on efficacy and safety.
Objectives: The World Allergy Organization (WAO)/Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Joint Committee on Chronic Cough reviewed the recent literature on management of chronic cough in primary, multidisciplinary, and cough-specialty care. Knowledge gaps in diagnostic testing, classical and neuromodulator pharmacotherapy, in addition to behavioral therapy of chronic cough were also analyzed.
Outcomes: This third part of the WAO/ARIA consensus on chronic cough suggests a management algorithm of chronic cough in an integrated care pathway approach. Insights into the inherent limitations of multidisciplinary cough diagnostic testing, efficacy and safety of currently available antitussive pharmacotherapy, or the recently recognized behavioral therapy, can significantly improve the standards of care in patients with chronic cough.},
}
@article {pmid35600703,
year = {2022},
author = {Kamanga, P},
title = {Impact of government policies on individual choices of food and potential impact on outcomes and nutrition among vulnerable population during COVID-19 pandemic in low- to middle-income country: Literature review.},
journal = {SAGE open medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {20503121221098123},
doi = {10.1177/20503121221098123},
pmid = {35600703},
issn = {2050-3121},
abstract = {Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious disease which has affected almost all countries globally. The disease is caused by the corona virus, transmitted from human to human through droplet infection. The virus was first identified in China in December 2019, and spread worldwide. Despite the virus being highly infectious, there is no cure for coronavirus disease COVID-19. The current global approach in the fight against COVID-19 focuses on travel bans including border closures, restrictions on mass gatherings, and mass vaccination of all adults. However, the travel bans and border closures have shown to negatively affect availability, accessibility, and affordability of basic needs such as food, especially for populations in the low- to middle-income countries. This is so since a good percentage of population in low- to middle-income countries live on hand to mouth, and cannot afford adequate food stock to sustain them for a long period of time. In addition, there is a challenge to afford purchasing storage facilities such as refrigerators for storage of fresh foods. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative literature review is to unveil the impact of government policies on individual choices of food and potential impact on outcomes and nutrition in children, elderly and chronically ill individuals in the COVID-19 pandemic era in low- and middle-income countries from 2020 to 2021.},
}
@article {pmid35600668,
year = {2022},
author = {Bao, Q and Yang, T and Yang, M and Mao, C},
title = {Detection, prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and opportunities for nanobiotechnology.},
journal = {View (Beijing, China)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {20200181},
doi = {10.1002/VIW.20200181},
pmid = {35600668},
issn = {2688-268X},
abstract = {Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the number of confirmed cases and deaths has increased globally at a dramatic speed. In view of the serious health threat to humans, this review discusses the state-of-the-art studies about fighting this disease. It summarizes the current strategies and recent advances in detecting, preventing, and treating COVID-19 and interprets the underlying mechanisms in detail. Detection of COVID-19 can be successfully achieved by multiple techniques such as polymerase chain reaction, computed tomography imaging, and nano-biosensing. Inactivated virus vaccine, nucleic acid vaccine, and different nanoparticles have been employed to effectively prevent COVID-19. A variety of agents such as antiviral agents, neutralizing antibodies, and nanotherapeutics have been developed to treat COVID-19 with exciting efficacy. Although nanobiotechnology has shown great potential in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of COVID-19, efforts should be made to explore new biocompatible nano-biomaterials to advance this field to clinical applications. Hence, nanobiotechnology paves a new way to detect, prevent, and treat COVID-19 effectively.},
}
@article {pmid35600591,
year = {2022},
author = {Qu, N and Hui, Z and Shen, Z and Kan, C and Hou, N and Sun, X and Han, F},
title = {Thyroid Cancer and COVID-19: Prospects for Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Development.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {873027},
doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.873027},
pmid = {35600591},
issn = {1664-2392},
abstract = {Thyroid cancer is the most prevalent endocrine malignancy and the reported incidence of thyroid cancer has continued to increase in recent years. Since 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading worldwide in a global pandemic. COVID-19 aggravates primary illnesses and affects disease management; relevant changes include delayed diagnosis and treatment. The thyroid is an endocrine organ that is susceptible to autoimmune attack; thus, thyroid cancer after COVID-19 has gradually attracted attention. Whether COVID-19 affects the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer has also attracted the attention of many researchers. This review examines the literature regarding the influence of COVID-19 on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer; it also focuses on drug therapies to promote research into strategies for improving therapy and management in thyroid cancer patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35600498,
year = {2022},
author = {Altneu, E and Mishkin, A},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccination in Lung Transplant Recipients.},
journal = {Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1007/s12055-022-01364-9},
pmid = {35600498},
issn = {0970-9134},
abstract = {Lung transplant patients are at increased risk of infection due to immunosuppression. Vaccination is a key source of protection; however, after transplant, patients tend to have diminished host response. This is an important concern given the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Less is known about how transplant patients respond to COVID-19 vaccination and how best to approach immunization in the setting of a global pandemic. Lung transplant patients, and solid organ transplant patients as whole, have a less robust immune response after COVID-19 vaccination. This article reviews the literature on vaccine immune response in transplant patients with a focus on COVID-19 vaccination and international society guidelines.},
}
@article {pmid35600485,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, Y and Yan, M},
title = {Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Injury Induced by COVID-19 in Elderly Patients With Cardiovascular History.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {859505},
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.859505},
pmid = {35600485},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), represents a great threat to healthcare and socioeconomics worldwide. In addition to respiratory manifestations, COVID-19 promotes cardiac injuries, particularly in elderly patients with cardiovascular history, leading to a higher risk of progression to critical conditions. The SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated as virus binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is highly expressed in the heart, resulting in direct infection and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). Meanwhile, immune response and hyper-inflammation, as well as endothelial dysfunction and thrombosis implicate in COVID-19 infection. Herein, we provide an overview of the proposed mechanisms of cardiovascular injuries in COVID-19, particularly in elderly patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, aiming to set appropriate management and improve their clinical outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid35600443,
year = {2022},
author = {Fauzi, MA},
title = {E-learning in higher education institutions during COVID-19 pandemic: current and future trends through bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {8},
number = {5},
pages = {e09433},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09433},
pmid = {35600443},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive review of e-learning in higher education institutions (HEIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study presents current research issues and future progress in HEIs e-learning in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic from 2019 to 2020 through the Web of Science (WOS) database. The analysis comprises citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and co-occurrence of keyword analysis. This bibliometric review provides essential insight for researchers to identify the most influential publications and determine the fundamental structure. Furthermore, this review facilitates future studies on the influential research trends and emerging topics. Findings present several streams of discussion based on the clusters identified from the three analyses. Subsequently, the theoretical and methodological implications on the emergence of new sub-fields and interesting future works in connection with e-learning in HEIs are presented. The outcome would aid scholars and practitioners in advancing the technology and aid towards e-learning in HEIs to ensure students' education can be sustained in the state of emergency.},
}
@article {pmid35600420,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, L and Carter, RA and Qian, X and Yang, S and Rujimora, J and Wen, S},
title = {Academia's responses to crisis: A bibliometric analysis of literature on online learning in higher education during COVID-19.},
journal = {British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {620-646},
doi = {10.1111/bjet.13191},
pmid = {35600420},
issn = {0007-1013},
abstract = {This paper aimed to provide a holistic view of research that investigated online learning in higher education around the globe during COVID-19 utilizing a bibliometric analysis. The researchers used co-citation analysis and text mining afforded by VOSviewer to document and analyze research patterns and topics reported in peer-reviewed documents published between January 2020 and August 2021. Findings of this study indicated that scholars from 103 countries or regions from the Global North and Global South investigated a wide array of topics, such as use of various technologies and strategies, redesigned curriculum, student perceptions and psychological impacts of the pandemic-imposed online learning. Many researchers applied technology acceptance theories and structural equation modeling to investigate factors associated with adoption and impacts of the pandemic-imposed online learning. Of the large quantity of research, medical education and chemical education were the most investigated disciplines. Inquiry-based learning, discovery learning, hands-on learning and collaborative learning emerged as instructional approaches frequently discussed or utilized across the target studies. This paper discussed (a) ongoing and emerging challenges to online higher education, (b) placing innovative pedagogies at the forefront of online learning, and (c) rapid, but imbalanced distribution of evolving literature based on the findings.},
}
@article {pmid35600418,
year = {2022},
author = {Salas-Pilco, SZ and Yang, Y and Zhang, Z},
title = {Student engagement in online learning in Latin American higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.},
journal = {British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology},
volume = {53},
number = {3},
pages = {593-619},
doi = {10.1111/bjet.13190},
pmid = {35600418},
issn = {0007-1013},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has forced higher education institutions to implement online learning activities based on virtual platforms, allowing little time to prepare and train faculty members to familiarize students with digital technologies. While previous studies have looked at how students engaged with digital technologies in their learning activities, the characteristics of the student engagement in online learning remain underexplored. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature on student engagement in online learning in higher education is much needed. This article synthesizes the findings on student engagement in Latin American higher education institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. After reviewing the studies on online learning activities, this review examines student engagement from behavioural, cognitive and affective dimensions and identifies the main characteristics of student engagement from these tripartite dimensions. The implications of the findings for online learning in Latin American higher education are as follows: (a) to transform higher education, (b) to provide adequate professional training, (c) to improve Internet connectivity, (d) to ensure quality online learning in higher education and (e) to provide emotional support. These findings will provide valuable guidance for teachers, educational authorities and policy makers and help them make informed decisions to use effective strategies to support online learning in higher education institutions.},
}
@article {pmid35600358,
year = {2022},
author = {Sartorius, K and Antwi, SO and Chuturgoon, A and Roberts, LR and Kramvis, A},
title = {RNA Therapeutic Options to Manage Aberrant Signaling Pathways in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Dream or Reality?.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {891812},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2022.891812},
pmid = {35600358},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Despite the early promise of RNA therapeutics as a magic bullet to modulate aberrant signaling in cancer, this field remains a work-in-progress. Nevertheless, RNA therapeutics is now a reality for the treatment of viral diseases (COVID-19) and offers great promise for cancer. This review paper specifically investigates RNAi as a therapeutic option for HCC and discusses a range of RNAi technology including anti-sense oligonucleotides (ASOs), Aptamers, small interfering RNA (siRNA), ribozymes, riboswitches and CRISPR/Cas9 technology. The use of these RNAi based interventions is specifically outlined in three primary strategies, namely, repressing angiogenesis, the suppression of cell proliferation and the promotion of apoptosis. We also discuss some of the inherent chemical and delivery problems, as well as targeting issues and immunogenic reaction to RNAi interventions.},
}
@article {pmid35600312,
year = {2022},
author = {Sessa, R and Anastasi, E and Brandolino, G and Brunelli, R and Di Pietro, M and Filardo, S and Masciullo, L and Terrin, G and Viscardi, MF and Porpora, MG},
title = {What is the Hidden Biological Mechanism Underlying the Possible SARS-CoV-2 Vertical Transmission? A Mini Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {875806},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.875806},
pmid = {35600312},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) represents an emerging infection that is spreading around the world. Among susceptible patients, pregnant women are more likely to develop serious complications and negative obstetric outcomes. Vertical transmission constitutes a debating issue which has not been completely understood. This review aims at describing the currently available evidence on SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission. We carried out a computerized literature search in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, selecting the most relevant studies on vertical transmission from the outbreak onset until February 2022. The analysis of the available literature identifies the presence of SARS-CoV2 genome in different biological specimens, confirming the hypothesis that a transplacental infection can occur. In spite of the high number of infected people around the world, mother-to-child infections have been infrequently reported but it can be observed under certain biologic conditions. A deep knowledge of the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV2 vertical transmission is of paramount importance for planning an adequate management for the affected mothers and newborns.},
}
@article {pmid35600239,
year = {2022},
author = {Delgado-Zegarra, J and Alvarez-Risco, A and Cárdenas, C and Donoso, M and Moscoso, S and Rojas Román, B and Del-Aguila-Arcentales, S and Davies, NM and Yáñez, JA},
title = {Labeling of Genetically Modified (GM) Foods in Peru: Current Dogma and Insights of the Regulatory and Legal Statutes.},
journal = {International journal of food science},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {3489785},
doi = {10.1155/2022/3489785},
pmid = {35600239},
issn = {2314-5765},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has affected and afflicted human lives and been a transformative catalyst leading to closure of many companies, disrupting mental health, and reducing access to food and exacerbating food insecurity. This presents an opportunity to reflect on and examine genetically modified (GM) foods and their effective legislative regulation for the benefit of consumers. This review presents a detailed analysis of GM foods' regulation in Peru and the analysis of certain specific cases that show the need for greater regulation of the industry.},
}
@article {pmid35600204,
year = {2022},
author = {Aborode, AT and Olotu, TM and Oyetunde, OB and Ajagbe, AO and Mustapha, MA and Karra-Aly, A and Oko, CI},
title = {COVID-19 outcomes in HIV patients: A review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {103768},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103768},
pmid = {35600204},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The effect of COVID-19 is enormous, and high-risk COVID-19 case arises when underlying infections like diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, or cardiomyopathy are present, and an immunocompromised state such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). People living with HIV(PLHIV) may be exposed to severe COVID-19, mostly in areas with poor access to proper care and complex intervention for HIV infection. During the lockdown, those with medical appointments will not access health facilities, which may be detrimental to people living with HIV. Emerging evidence suggests COVID-19 pandemic fear may lead to adverse mental health outcomes and affect preventive behavior. In addition to the stigma and discrimination associated with HIV, COVID-19 is also causing concerns. People with HIV tend to have mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress (PTSD), which can be both a cause and a harmful impact of HIV. Discussed in this research is the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV patients, their similarities, differences, and urgent attention from healthcare centers to take charge and respond to patients with HIV and other immunosuppressed conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35600188,
year = {2022},
author = {González-Ruiz, FJ and Lazcano-Díaz, EA and Baeza Herrera, LA and Villalobos-Pedroza, M and Toledo Alemán, EL and Zuñiga-Salcedo, MG and Cruz-Rodríguez, C and López-Polanco, A and Torres-Pulido, A and Sierra-González de Cossio, A and Cota Apodaca, LA and Manzur-Sandoval, D},
title = {Endotheliitis, Shunts, and Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Literature Review of Disease Mechanisms.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {103820},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103820},
pmid = {35600188},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has continued to impact global health. However, while immunity acquired by vaccines has been developed, 40% of the world's population has still not been vaccinated. Economic problems associated with acquiring novel therapies, misinformation, and differences in treatment protocols have generated catastrophic results, especially in low-resource countries. Understanding the pathophysiological aspects of coronavirus disease and the therapeutic strategies that have been validated to date is essential for successful medical care. In this review, I summarize the historical aspects of the virus, molecules involved in infecting the host, and consequences of viral interactions with and in tissues.},
}
@article {pmid35600151,
year = {2022},
author = {Pituch-Noworolska, AM},
title = {NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Central-European journal of immunology},
volume = {47},
number = {1},
pages = {95-101},
doi = {10.5114/ceji.2022.113078},
pmid = {35600151},
issn = {1426-3912},
abstract = {In the SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic, the questions about specific activity of this virus in induction and/or inhibition of the innate and adaptive immune response are still open. Clinical observations of the severe and critical course of infection showed the hyperinflammation and cytokine storm. In organs and tissues that are a target for viral entry the lymphocytes and monocytes are dominant cells in tissue infiltration. There are different ways and different mechanisms leading to immune response disorders. In peripheral blood in the severe and fatal course of disease lymphopenia is frequent as a poor prognosis factor. Reduced numbers of lymphocytes, mainly T cells and NK cells, are noted in the majority of these patients. The NK cells belonging to the innate immunity system are dedicated to the antiviral response due to production of interferon (IFN) and direct lysis of virus infected cells. In SARS-CoV-2 infection NK cells' activity against this pathogen is impaired based on inhibition of IFN production and functional exhaustion. The restoration of NK cell number and function might support elimination of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, increasing chances of recovery. The use of activated NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 therapy is under clinical trials.},
}
@article {pmid35600135,
year = {2022},
author = {Hajiasgharzadeh, K and Jafarlou, M and Mansoori, B and Dastmalchi, N and Baradaran, B and Khabbazi, A},
title = {Inflammatory reflex disruption in COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical & experimental neuroimmunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cen3.12703},
pmid = {35600135},
issn = {1759-1961},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is still a global pandemic. In most infected people, SARS-CoV-2 can only cause moderate symptoms, while in other patients, it leads to severe illness and eventually death. Although the main clinical manifestation of COVID-19 is often seen in the lungs, this disease affects almost all body organs. The excessive and prolonged release of inflammatory cytokines that may occur in COVID-19 patients, known as cytokine storms, stimulates undesired immune responses and can cause various tissues damage. In the current review article, we focus on the potential advantages of the intrinsic cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) as the efferent arm of inflammatory reflex in COVID-19 management. Considering this endogenous protective mechanism against chronic inflammation, we focused on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the destruction of this anti-inflammatory system. Several studies indicated the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with the alpha7 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as the effector molecule of the inflammatory reflex. On the other hand, neurological manifestations have increasingly been identified as significant extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. The rational connection between these findings and COVID-19 pathogenesis may be an important issue in both our understanding and dealing with this disease. COVID-19 is deeply rooted in our daily life and requires an urgent need for the establishment of effective therapeutic options, and all the possible treatments must be considered for the control of such inflammatory conditions.},
}
@article {pmid35600000,
year = {2022},
author = {Venturelli, M and Mancini, A and Di Cagno, A and Fiorilli, G and Paneroni, M and Roggio, F and Musumeci, G and Buono, P and Schena, F and Paoli, A},
title = {Adapted physical activity in subjects and athletes recovering from covid-19: a position statement of the Società Italiana Scienze Motorie e Sportive.},
journal = {Sport sciences for health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1007/s11332-022-00951-y},
pmid = {35600000},
issn = {1824-7490},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide pandemic illness that is impacting the cardiovascular, pulmonary, musculoskeletal, and cognitive function of a large spectrum of the worldwide population. The available pharmacological countermeasures of these long-term effects of COVID-19 are minimal, while myriads of non-specific non-pharmacological treatments are emerging in the literature. In this complicated scenario, particular emphasis should be dedicated to specific exercise interventions tailored for subjects and athletes recovering from COVID-19. Specific guidelines on adapted physical activity in this critical population are unavailable so far, therefore, in this position statement of the Società Italiana di Scienze Motorie e Sportive (SISMeS) the members of the steering committee of the research group Attività Motoria Adattata, Alimentazione, Salute e Fitness have indicated the adapted physical activity approaches to counteract the long-term effects of the COVID-19, both in good health people and athletes.},
}
@article {pmid35599988,
year = {2022},
author = {Article, R and Potdar, VA and Cherian, SS},
title = {Evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in India.},
journal = {Medical journal, Armed Forces India},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.mjafi.2022.05.006},
pmid = {35599988},
issn = {0377-1237},
}
@article {pmid35599970,
year = {2022},
author = {Mili, M and Hada, V and Mallick, T and Singhwane, A and Tilwari, A and Hashmi, SAR and Srivastava, AK and Sagiri, SS and Verma, S},
title = {Advances in Nanoarchitectonics of Antimicrobial Tiles and a Quest for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Tiles.},
journal = {Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1007/s10904-022-02325-w},
pmid = {35599970},
issn = {1574-1443},
abstract = {Design of antimicrobial tiles seems necessary to combat against contagious diseases, especially COVID-19. In addition to personal hygiene, this technology facilitates public hygiene as antimicrobial tiles can be installed at hospitals, schools, banks, offices, lobbies, railway stations, etc. This review is primarily focused on preparing antimicrobial tiles using an antimicrobial layer or coatings that fight against germs. The salient features and working mechanisms of antimicrobial tiles are highlighted. This challenge is a component of the exploratory nature of nanoarchitectonics, that also extends farther than the realm of nanotechnology. This nanoarchitectonics has been successful at the laboratory scale as antimicrobial metal nanoparticles are mainly used as additives in preparing tiles. A detailed description of various materials for developing unique antimicrobial tiles is reported here. Pure metal (Ag, Zn) nanoparticles and a mixture of nanoparticles with other inorganic materials (SiO2,, TiO2, anatase, nepheline) have been predominantly used to combat microbes. The developed antimicrobial tiles have shown excellent activity against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The last section discussed a hypothetical overview of utilizing the antimicrobial tiles against SARS-CoV-2. Overall, this review gives descriptive knowledge about the importance of antimicrobial tiles to create a clean and sustainable environment.},
}
@article {pmid35599837,
year = {2022},
author = {Ong, KMC and Cruz, TLG},
title = {Otologic and vestibular symptoms in COVID-19: A scoping review.},
journal = {World journal of otorhinolaryngology - head and neck surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/wjo2.57},
pmid = {35599837},
issn = {2589-1081},
abstract = {Background: Otologic and vestibular symptoms have been seen in patients confirmed to have COVID-19 disease. Further discussion of these symptoms may provide insight into short- and long-term management for these patients.
Objective: The aim of this review was to describe the otologic and vestibular symptoms that present in patients with COVID-19. The primary outcomes of this review were onset, duration and clinical outcomes of these symptoms.
Sources of Evidence: Pub Med, APAMed Central, Herdin, CINAHL, Scopus, Springer Link, ProQuest Coronavirus Research Database, and Google Scholar were searched for the articles to be included.
Eligibility Criteria: Studies included were those involving adult patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who experienced hearing loss, ear pain, ear discharge, otitis media, vertigo, or tinnitus. Studies were eligible for inclusion if there was a description of the otologic dysfunction, specifically onset, duration, or clinical outcomes.
Results: The majority of patients who experienced hearing loss (68%), tinnitus (88%), vertigo/dizziness (30%), ear pain (8%), and discharge (100%) did so within a month of experiencing the typical symptoms of COVID-19. A majority also experienced complete resolution of their symptoms within 2 weeks. Standard treatment for COVID-19 was usually provided but when specific diagnoses are made for these symptoms (e.g., sudden sensorineural hearing loss, otitis media, vestibular neuritis), they are treated in the same manner as one would for non-COVID-19 cases, in addition to the management for COVID-19. In certain cases, there may be a need for additional work-up to rule out other causes.
Conclusions: Otologic and vestibular symptoms were present in COVID-19 patients, majority as part of the systemic nature of the disease. The onset, duration, and course were consistent with the natural history of a systemic viral infection. COVID-19 should be considered in any patient with a new-onset hearing loss, tinnitus, or vertigo/dizziness, even in the absence of infectious or respiratory symptoms.},
}
@article {pmid35599794,
year = {2022},
author = {Bunch, CM and Moore, EE and Moore, HB and Neal, MD and Thomas, AV and Zackariya, N and Zhao, J and Zackariya, S and Brenner, TJ and Berquist, M and Buckner, H and Wiarda, G and Fulkerson, D and Huff, W and Kwaan, HC and Lankowicz, G and Laubscher, GJ and Lourens, PJ and Pretorius, E and Kotze, MJ and Moolla, MS and Sithole, S and Maponga, TG and Kell, DB and Fox, MD and Gillespie, L and Khan, RZ and Mamczak, CN and March, R and Macias, R and Bull, BS and Walsh, MM},
title = {Immuno-Thrombotic Complications of COVID-19: Implications for Timing of Surgery and Anticoagulation.},
journal = {Frontiers in surgery},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {889999},
doi = {10.3389/fsurg.2022.889999},
pmid = {35599794},
issn = {2296-875X},
abstract = {Early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, global governing bodies prioritized transmissibility-based precautions and hospital capacity as the foundation for delay of elective procedures. As elective surgical volumes increased, convalescent COVID-19 patients faced increased postoperative morbidity and mortality and clinicians had limited evidence for stratifying individual risk in this population. Clear evidence now demonstrates that those recovering from COVID-19 have increased postoperative morbidity and mortality. These data-in conjunction with the recent American Society of Anesthesiologists guidelines-offer the evidence necessary to expand the early pandemic guidelines and guide the surgeon's preoperative risk assessment. Here, we argue elective surgeries should still be delayed on a personalized basis to maximize postoperative outcomes. We outline a framework for stratifying the individual COVID-19 patient's fitness for surgery based on the symptoms and severity of acute or convalescent COVID-19 illness, coagulopathy assessment, and acuity of the surgical procedure. Although the most common manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is COVID-19 pneumonitis, every system in the body is potentially afflicted by an endotheliitis. This endothelial derangement most often manifests as a hypercoagulable state on admission with associated occult and symptomatic venous and arterial thromboembolisms. The delicate balance between hyper and hypocoagulable states is defined by the local immune-thrombotic crosstalk that results commonly in a hemostatic derangement known as fibrinolytic shutdown. In tandem, the hemostatic derangements that occur during acute COVID-19 infection affect not only the timing of surgical procedures, but also the incidence of postoperative hemostatic complications related to COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC). Traditional methods of thromboprophylaxis and treatment of thromboses after surgery require a tailored approach guided by an understanding of the pathophysiologic underpinnings of the COVID-19 patient. Likewise, a prolonged period of risk for developing hemostatic complications following hospitalization due to COVID-19 has resulted in guidelines from differing societies that recommend varying periods of delay following SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, we propose the perioperative, personalized assessment of COVID-19 patients' CAC using viscoelastic hemostatic assays and fluorescent microclot analysis.},
}
@article {pmid35599642,
year = {2022},
author = {Naikoo, GA and Arshad, F and Hassan, IU and Awan, T and Salim, H and Pedram, MZ and Ahmed, W and Patel, V and Karakoti, AS and Vinu, A},
title = {Nanomaterials-based sensors for the detection of COVID-19: A review.},
journal = {Bioengineering & translational medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e10305},
doi = {10.1002/btm2.10305},
pmid = {35599642},
issn = {2380-6761},
abstract = {With the threat of increasing SARS-CoV-2 cases looming in front of us and no effective and safest vaccine available to curb this pandemic disease due to its sprouting variants, many countries have undergone a lockdown 2.0 or planning a lockdown 3.0. This has upstretched an unprecedented demand to develop rapid, sensitive, and highly selective diagnostic devices that can quickly detect coronavirus (COVID-19). Traditional techniques like polymerase chain reaction have proven to be time-inefficient, expensive, labor intensive, and impracticable in remote settings. This shifts the attention to alternative biosensing devices that can be successfully used to sense the COVID-19 infection and curb the spread of coronavirus cases. Among these, nanomaterial-based biosensors hold immense potential for rapid coronavirus detection because of their noninvasive and susceptible, as well as selective properties that have the potential to give real-time results at an economical cost. These diagnostic devices can be used for mass COVID-19 detection to understand the rapid progression of the infection and give better-suited therapies. This review provides an overview of existing and potential nanomaterial-based biosensors that can be used for rapid SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Novel biosensors employing different detection mechanisms are also highlighted in different sections of this review. Practical tools and techniques required to develop such biosensors to make them reliable and portable have also been discussed in the article. Finally, the review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of nanomaterial-based biosensors in SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics.},
}
@article {pmid35599524,
year = {2022},
author = {Wütschert, MS and Romano-Pereira, D and Suter, L and Schulze, H and Elfering, A},
title = {A systematic review of working conditions and occupational health in home office.},
journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3233/WOR-205239},
pmid = {35599524},
issn = {1875-9270},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In times of the COVID-19 pandemic, employees around the world may be practicing part-time telework at home. Little is known about the working conditions at home and its impact on the employee's occupational health.
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review examines the working conditions at employees' homes, the work-related disorders associated with working from home, organizations' perceptions of ergonomics at home and how they support their teleworkers.
METHODS: A search of electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, Open Grey, Pedro, PsychInfo, PubPsych, Scopus and Web of Science) was performed. Twelve studies were included in this review.
RESULTS: The findings highlight the lack of ergonomic working conditions for home-based teleworkers. Furthermore, the results underline organizations' lack of awareness regarding home-based policies, ergonomics programs and the health-related consequences associated with the absence of ergonomic support.
CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that home-based teleworkers have increased health risks. This assumption is substantiated by the fact that most of the included studies reported teleworkers who have experienced musculoskeletal issues. These results underline the necessity for implementing ergonomic design recommendations, especially for working at home. Further research is needed to understand the impact of ergonomics programs and workplace design for working at home.},
}
@article {pmid35599487,
year = {2022},
author = {Baazaoui, N and Iqbal, K},
title = {COVID-19 and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Prion-Like Spread and Long-Term Consequences.},
journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3233/JAD-220105},
pmid = {35599487},
issn = {1875-8908},
abstract = {COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic starting from Wuhan in China and spread at a lightning speed to the rest of the world. One of the potential long-term outcomes that we speculate is the development of neurodegenerative diseases as a long-term consequence of SARS-CoV-2 especially in people that have developed severe neurological symptoms. Severe inflammatory reactions and aging are two very strong common links between neurodegenerative diseases and COVID-19. Thus, patients that have very high viral load may be at high risk of developing long-term adverse neurological consequences such as dementia. We hypothesize that people with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and aged people are at higher risk of getting the COVID-19 than normal adults. The basis of this hypothesis is the fact that SARS-CoV-2 uses as a receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to enter the host cell and that this interaction is calcium-dependent. This could then suggest a direct relationship between neurodegenerative diseases, ACE-2 expression, and the susceptibility to COVID-19. The analysis of the available literature showed that COVID-19 virus is neurotropic and was found in the brains of patients infected with this virus. Furthermore, that the risk of having the infection increases with dementia and that infected people with severe symptoms could develop dementia as a long-term consequence. Dementia could be developed following the acceleration of the spread of prion-like proteins. In the present review we discuss current reports concerning the prevalence of COVID-19 in dementia patients, the individuals that are at high risk of suffering from dementia and the potential acceleration of prion-like proteins spread following SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid35599332,
year = {2022},
author = {Tabatabaeizadeh, SA},
title = {Zinc supplementation and COVID-19 mortality: a meta-analysis.},
journal = {European journal of medical research},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {70},
pmid = {35599332},
issn = {2047-783X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the agent of a pneumonia outbreak and was called 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 emerged in December 2019 and now considered a pandemic. Zinc supplementation can reduce mortality in patients with severe pneumonia. This study aimed at meta-analysis of the results of related studies and evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on COVID-19 mortality.
METHODS: A systematic search has conducted for manuscripts through PUBMED/Medline and Google Scholar (Cochrane guideline has considered it as the gray literature) up to September 2021. This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) Guideline for evaluation of the effect zinc supplementation on COVID-19 mortality. Based on the heterogeneity a fixed-effect or random-effect model, the OR and 95% CI were used to assess the combined risk.
RESULTS: After assessment, five studies with 1506 participants in case and control groups were included in meta-analysis. The OR for one study was not estimable, and the pool OR was estimated for other studies with 1398 participants. The meta-analysis showed that zinc supplementation in cases led to a significant lower risk of mortality when it was compared with the control group; pooled OR (95% CI) was 0.57 [0.43, 0.77] (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis has suggested that zinc supplementation is associated with a lower mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Zinc supplementation could be considered as a simple way and cost benefit approach for reduction of mortality in COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid35599324,
year = {2022},
author = {Bhiman, JN and Moore, PL},
title = {Leveraging South African HIV research to define SARS-CoV-2 immunity triggered by sequential variants of concern.},
journal = {Immunological reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imr.13086},
pmid = {35599324},
issn = {1600-065X},
support = {na//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shifted our paradigms about B cell immunity and the goals of vaccination for respiratory viruses. The development of population immunity, through responses directed to highly immunogenic regions of this virus, has been a strong driving force in the emergence of progressively mutated variants. This review highlights how the strength of the existing global virology and immunology networks built for HIV vaccine research enabled rapid adaptation of techniques, assays, and skill sets, to expeditiously respond to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Allying real-time genomic surveillance to immunological platforms enabled the characterization of immune responses elicited by infection with distinct variants, in sequential epidemic waves, as well as studies of vaccination and hybrid immunity (combination of infection- and vaccination-induced immunity). These studies have shown that consecutive variants of concern have steadily diminished the ability of vaccines to prevent infection, but that increasing levels of hybrid immunity result in higher frequencies of cross-reactive responses. Ultimately, this rapid pivot from HIV to SARS-CoV-2 enabled a depth of understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 antigenic vulnerabilities as population immunity expanded and diversified, providing key insights for future responses to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35599305,
year = {2022},
author = {Liu, H and Wilson, IA},
title = {Protective neutralizing epitopes in SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Immunological reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imr.13084},
pmid = {35599305},
issn = {1600-065X},
support = {INV-004923//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an unprecedented health crisis and economic burden worldwide. Its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, a new virus in the coronavirus family, has infected hundreds of millions of people worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 has evolved over the past 2 years to increase its transmissibility as well as to evade the immunity established by previous infection and vaccination. Nevertheless, strong immune responses can be elicited by viral infection and vaccination, which have proved to be protective against the emergence of variants, particularly with respect to hospitalization or severe disease. Here, we review our current understanding of how the virus enters the host cell and how our immune system is able to defend against cell entry and infection. Neutralizing antibodies are a major component of our immune defense and have been extensively studied for SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Structures of these neutralizing antibodies have provided valuable insights into epitopes that are protective against the original ancestral virus and the variants that have emerged. The molecular characterization of neutralizing epitopes as well as epitope conservation and resistance are important for design of next-generation vaccines and antibody therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid35598856,
year = {2022},
author = {Lee, TC and Murthy, S and Del Corpo, O and Senécal, J and Butler-Laporte, G and Sohani, ZN and Brophy, JM and McDonald, EG},
title = {Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.018},
pmid = {35598856},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The benefits of remdesivir in the treatment of hospitalized patients with Covid-19 remain debated with the National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization providing contradictory recommendations for and against use.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of remdesivir for hospitalized inpatients as a function of oxygen requirements.
DATA SOURCES: Beginning with our prior systematic review, we searched MEDLINE using PubMed from January 15, 2021, through January 22, 2022.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials; all languages.
PARTICIPANTS: All hospitalized adults with Covid-19.
INTERVENTIONS: Remdesivir, in comparison to either placebo, or standard of care.
ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS: We used the ROB-2 criteria.
METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS: The primary outcome was mortality, stratified by oxygen use (none, supplemental oxygen without mechanical ventilation, and mechanical ventilation). We conducted a frequentist random effects meta-analysis on the risk ratio (RR) scale and, to contextualize the probabilistic benefits, we also performed a Bayesian random effects meta-analysis on the risk difference scale. A ≥1% absolute risk reduction was considered clinically important.
RESULTS: We identified 8 randomized trials, totaling 9157 participants. The RR for mortality comparing remdesivir versus control was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.42-1.22) in the patients who did not require supplemental oxygen; 0.83 (95%CI 0.73-0.95) for nonventilated patients requiring oxygen; and 1.19 (95%CI 0.98-1.44) in the setting of mechanical ventilation. Using neutral priors, the probabilities that remdesivir reduces mortality were 74.7%, 96.9% and 8.9%, respectively. The probability that remdesivir reduced mortality by ≥1% was 88.1% for nonventilated patients requiring oxygen.
CONCLUSIONS: Based on this meta-analysis, there is a high probability that remdesivir reduces mortality for nonventilated patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen therapy. Treatment guidelines should be re-evaluated.},
}
@article {pmid35598822,
year = {2022},
author = {Costa, CFS and Barbosa, AJM and Dias, AMGC and Roque, ACA},
title = {Native, engineered and de novo designed ligands targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.},
journal = {Biotechnology advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107986},
doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107986},
pmid = {35598822},
issn = {1873-1899},
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) and is a concerning hazard to public health. This virus infects cells by establishing a contact between its spike protein (S-protein) and host human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) receptor, subsequently initiating viral fusion. The inhibition of the interaction between the S-protein and hACE2 has immediately drawn attention amongst the scientific community, and the S-protein was considered the prime target to design vaccines and to develop affinity ligands for diagnostics and therapy. Several S-protein binders have been reported at a fast pace, ranging from antibodies isolated from immunised patients to de novo designed ligands, with some binders already yielded promising in vivo results in protecting against SARS-CoV-2. Natural, engineered and designed affinity ligands targeting the S-protein are herein summarised, focusing on molecular recognition aspects, whilst identifying preferred hot spots for ligand binding. This review serves as inspiration for the improvement of already existing ligands or for the design of new affinity ligands towards SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Lessons learnt from the Covid-19 pandemic are also important to consolidate tools and processes in protein engineering to enable the fast discovery, production and delivery of diagnostic, prophylactic, and therapeutic solutions in future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid35598629,
year = {2022},
author = {Bajaj, JS and Nagy, LE},
title = {NATURAL HISTORY OF ALCOHOL-ASSOCIATED LIVER DISEASE: UNDERSTANDING THE CHANGING LANDSCAPE OF PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PATIENT CARE.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2022.05.031},
pmid = {35598629},
issn = {1528-0012},
abstract = {Alcohol and consequent liver disease are a major burden, which has worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. There are several facets to the pathophysiology and clinical consequences of alcohol-use disorder (AUD) and progression to alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), which needs a concerted effort by clinicians, translational and basic science investigators. Several recent advances from bedside to bench and bench to bedside have been made in ALD. We focus this review on a case-based approach that gives a human context to these important questions across the spectrum of ALD.},
}
@article {pmid35598255,
year = {2022},
author = {Deodhar, A and Bhana, S and Winthrop, K and Gensler, LS},
title = {COVID-19 Outcomes and Vaccination in Patients with Spondyloarthritis.},
journal = {Rheumatology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35598255},
issn = {2198-6576},
abstract = {The rapid transmission of the highly infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), led to widespread infection throughout the world. Concerns and challenges regarding COVID-19 illness have emerged for patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, such as spondyloarthritis (SpA), who receive treatment with biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), because this population is vulnerable to infections and has a high prevalence of risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 illness. Available data on COVID-19 indicate that patients with SpA who are treated with DMARDs have SARS-CoV-2 infection rates comparable with those in the general population, with similar increased risk associated with older age and comorbidities. Novel vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are approved or authorized for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration, and others are in development to prevent infection and serious illness. This review provides an overview of SpA, the mechanism of action for the SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical course of COVID-19, and the vaccines approved for, or in development against, SARS-CoV-2. Detailed information on the use of established vaccines in patients with SpA receiving DMARDs is provided, along with recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination. Available evidence has shown COVID-19 vaccination in patients with SpA, among other rheumatic diseases, to be safe and effective with most DMARD use; however, there is evidence of potential interference with some therapies used in SpA. Healthcare providers should educate patients to provide the knowledge and confidence to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, since the potential benefit outweighs the low risk of vaccine-related adverse events.},
}
@article {pmid35592339,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, D and Wang, X and Liao, Y and Wang, S and Shan, J and Ji, J},
title = {Insights Gained Into the Treatment of COVID19 by Pulmonary Surfactant and Its Components.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {842453},
pmid = {35592339},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lung ; *Pulmonary Surfactants/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Respiration, Artificial/methods ; Surface-Active Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Pulmonary surfactant constitutes an important barrier that pathogens must cross to gain access to the rest of the organism via the respiratory surface. The presence of pulmonary surfactant prevents the dissemination of pathogens, modulates immune responses, and optimizes lung biophysical activity. Thus, the application of pulmonary surfactant for the treatment of respiratory diseases provides an effective strategy. Currently, several clinical trials are investigating the use of surfactant preparations to treat patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Some factors have been considered in the application of pulmonary surfactant for the treatment COVID-19, such as mechanical ventilation strategy, timing of treatment, dose delivered, method of delivery, and preparation utilized. This review supplements this list with two additional factors: accurate measurement of surfactants in patients and proper selection of pulmonary surfactant components. This review provides a reference for ongoing exogenous surfactant trials involving patients with COVID-19 and provides insight for the development of surfactant preparations for the treatment of viral respiratory infections.},
}
@article {pmid35483212,
year = {2022},
author = {Vitiello, A and Ferrara, F and Zovi, A and Trama, U and Boccellino, M},
title = {Pregnancy and COVID-19, focus on vaccine and pharmacological treatment.},
journal = {Journal of reproductive immunology},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {103630},
doi = {10.1016/j.jri.2022.103630},
pmid = {35483212},
issn = {1872-7603},
mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {The global pandemic of COVID-19 is currently ongoing. Clinical evidence shows that specific population groups such as the elderly, individuals with comorbidities, and pregnant women may be at increased risk for infection and serious complications. In particular, physiologic changes during pregnancy may be significant on the immune and respiratory systems and progression of COVID-19 disease. Pregnant women are routinely excluded from pre-registration clinical trials, this potentially limits their access to therapies through off-label or compassionate use. Vaccination remains an important pillar of the response to COVID-19, particularly as variants of the virus continue to spread across countries. Growing evidence indicates that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines do not cause pregnancy complications for expectant mothers and their infants. In this brief review, we explore current knowledge about COVID-19 in pregnancy by highlighting current recommendations for vaccination and drug treatments.},
}
@article {pmid35437577,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, R and Ghosh, S and Pal, R},
title = {Predicting binding affinities of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 using spike protein sequencing data: observations, caveats and recommendations.},
journal = {Briefings in bioinformatics},
volume = {23},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bib/bbac128},
pmid = {35437577},
issn = {1477-4054},
support = {2007903//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Amino Acid Sequence ; *COVID-19/genetics ; Humans ; Protein Binding ; Proteomics ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sequence Analysis, Protein ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Predicting protein properties from amino acid sequences is an important problem in biology and pharmacology. Protein-protein interactions among SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, human receptors and antibodies are key determinants of the potency of this virus and its ability to evade the human immune response. As a rapidly evolving virus, SARS-CoV-2 has already developed into many variants with considerable variation in virulence among these variants. Utilizing the proteomic data of SARS-CoV-2 to predict its viral characteristics will, therefore, greatly aid in disease control and prevention. In this paper, we review and compare recent successful prediction methods based on long short-term memory (LSTM), transformer, convolutional neural network (CNN) and a similarity-based topological regression (TR) model and offer recommendations about appropriate predictive methodology depending on the similarity between training and test datasets. We compare the effectiveness of these models in predicting the binding affinity and expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequences. We also explore how effective these predictive methods are when trained on laboratory-created data and are tasked with predicting the binding affinity of the in-the-wild SARS-CoV-2 spike protein sequences obtained from the GISAID datasets. We observe that TR is a better method when the sample size is small and test protein sequences are sufficiently similar to the training sequence. However, when the training sample size is sufficiently large and prediction requires extrapolation, LSTM embedding and CNN-based predictive model show superior performance.},
}
@article {pmid35081557,
year = {2022},
author = {Ko, CH and Yen, JY and Lin, PC},
title = {Association between urbanization and Internet addiction.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {219-225},
doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000780},
pmid = {35081557},
issn = {1473-6578},
mesh = {*Behavior, Addictive/epidemiology/psychology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Internet ; Internet Addiction Disorder ; Pandemics ; Prospective Studies ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Understanding the association between urbanization and Internet addiction is essential to the design and implementation of Internet addiction prevention measures in urban areas. This epidemiological review explores the urbanization-Internet addiction association and its potential underlying factors.
RECENT FINDINGS: Nine studies have reported that Internet addiction prevalence is higher in urban areas, but three studies have noted the opposite. Psychiatric disorders and stress are the most commonly mentioned factors underlying the association. The effects of urbanization on Internet availability, Internet cafes, online gaming, outdoor or interactive activities, and family regulation and monitoring have been suggested to lead to higher Internet addiction risk. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, obesity, sleep problems, and the migration of parents to urban areas in search of work have strengthened the effect of urbanization on Internet addiction.
SUMMARY: Early assessment and treatment provided by mental health services are crucial for mitigating the effect of urbanization on Internet addiction risk. Cities should be designed to provide adequate space for physical and interactive activities. To promote outdoor activities, air pollution, traffic congestion, and crime should be controlled. Prospective face-to-face studies involving analysis of data on pollution, traffic, and Internet addiction could provide evidence to elucidate the urbanization- Internet addiction association.},
}
@article {pmid35075575,
year = {2022},
author = {Spina, E and Tedeschi, G and Russo, A and Trojsi, F and Iodice, R and Tozza, S and Iovino, A and Iodice, F and Abbadessa, G and di Lorenzo, F and Miele, G and Maida, E and Cerullo, G and Sparaco, M and Silvestro, M and Leocani, L and Bonavita, S and Manganelli, F and Lavorgna, L and , },
title = {Telemedicine application to headache: a critical review.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {43},
number = {6},
pages = {3795-3801},
pmid = {35075575},
issn = {1590-3478},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Child ; Headache ; Humans ; *Migraine Disorders/diagnosis/therapy ; Pandemics ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Migraine affects more than a billion people all over the world and requires critical employment of healthcare resources. Telemedicine could be a reasonable tool to manage people suffering from headaches, and it received a big push from the COVID-19 pandemic.
OBJECTIVE: This review aims to propose a practical approach for the virtual management of these patients.
METHODS: To do this, we conducted a literature search, including 32 articles relevant to the topic treated in this review.
RESULTS: The most challenging step in telemedicine applied to practical neurology remains the clinical assessment, but through a careful headache history and a recently proposed entirely virtual neurological assessment, this hitch can be easily overcome. Electronic diary compilations and virtual administration of disability-measuring scales, conversely, are the key features of effective long-term follow-up although we do not have apps that met the criteria of scientific reliability. Furthermore, tele-rehabilitation seems to be effective and has demonstrated to be a solution to alternatively treat chronic patients at home, and can be considered part of the remote management of headache patients. Moreover, virtual management of headaches finds an application in specific communities of patients, as pediatric patients and for rural communities of low- and middle-income countries suffer from health disparities, with inadequate resources and knowledge gaps.
CONCLUSION: Telemedicine could be promising for patients with no regular or convenient access to headache specialists and seems to be a priority in managing migraine patients to avoid non-urgent hospitalizations.},
}
@article {pmid35597998,
year = {2022},
author = {Kesheh, MM and Shavandi, S and Haeri Moghaddam, N and Ramezani, M and Ramezani, F},
title = {Effect of herbal compounds on coronavirus; a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {87},
pmid = {35597998},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {P89-F80-U0-N546583//Iran University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been transmitted exponentially. Numerous studies have been performed in recent years that have shown the inhibitory effect of plant extracts or plant-derived compounds on the coronavirus family. In this study, we want to use systematic review and meta-analysis to answer the question, which herbal compound has been more effective?
MAIN BODY: The present study is based on the guidelines for conducting meta-analyzes. An extensive search was conducted in the electronic database, and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, articles were selected and data screening was done. Quality control of articles was performed. Data analysis was carried out in STATA software.
CONCLUSION: Due to the variety of study methods, definitive conclusions are not possible. However, in this study, we attempted to gather all the available evidence on the effect of plant compounds on SARS-COV-2 to be used for the development and use of promising antiviral agents against this virus and other coronaviruses. Trypthantrin, Sambucus extract, S. cusia extract, Boceprevir and Indigole B, dioica agglutinin urtica had a good effect on reducing the virus titer. Also among the compounds that had the greatest effect on virus inhibition, Saikosaponins B2, SaikosaponinsD, SaikosaponinsA and Phillyrin, had an acceptable selectivity index greater than 10. Andrographolide showed the highest selectivity index on SARS-COV-2. Our study confirmed insufficient data to support alkaloid compounds against SARS-COV-2, and the small number of studies that used alkaloid compounds was a limitation. It is recommended to investigate the effect of more alkaloid compounds against Corona virus.},
}
@article {pmid35597779,
year = {2022},
author = {Qin, S and Tang, X and Chen, Y and Chen, K and Fan, N and Xiao, W and Zheng, Q and Li, G and Teng, Y and Wu, M and Song, X},
title = {mRNA-based therapeutics: powerful and versatile tools to combat diseases.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {166},
pmid = {35597779},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {2021YFSY008//Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology)/ ; 2020YFH0065//Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology)/ ; 2020YJ0238//Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province (Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology)/ ; },
abstract = {The therapeutic use of messenger RNA (mRNA) has fueled great hope to combat a wide range of incurable diseases. Recent rapid advances in biotechnology and molecular medicine have enabled the production of almost any functional protein/peptide in the human body by introducing mRNA as a vaccine or therapeutic agent. This represents a rising precision medicine field with great promise for preventing and treating many intractable or genetic diseases. In addition, in vitro transcribed mRNA has achieved programmed production, which is more effective, faster in design and production, as well as more flexible and cost-effective than conventional approaches that may offer. Based on these extraordinary advantages, mRNA vaccines have the characteristics of the swiftest response to large-scale outbreaks of infectious diseases, such as the currently devastating pandemic COVID-19. It has always been the scientists' desire to improve the stability, immunogenicity, translation efficiency, and delivery system to achieve efficient and safe delivery of mRNA. Excitingly, these scientific dreams have gradually been realized with the rapid, amazing achievements of molecular biology, RNA technology, vaccinology, and nanotechnology. In this review, we comprehensively describe mRNA-based therapeutics, including their principles, manufacture, application, effects, and shortcomings. We also highlight the importance of mRNA optimization and delivery systems in successful mRNA therapeutics and discuss the key challenges and opportunities in developing these tools into powerful and versatile tools to combat many genetic, infectious, cancer, and other refractory diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35597119,
year = {2022},
author = {Gong, W and Mao, Y and Li, Y and Qi, Y},
title = {BCG Vaccination: A potential tool against COVID-19 and COVID-19-like Black Swan incidents.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {108},
number = {},
pages = {108870},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108870},
pmid = {35597119},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its variants have brought unprecedented impacts to the global public health system, politics, economy, and other fields. Although more than ten COVID-19 specific vaccines have been approved for emergency use, COVID-19 prevention and control still face many challenges. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the only authorized vaccine used to fight against tuberculosis (TB), it has been hypothesized that BCG may prevent and control COVID-19 based on BCG-induced nonspecific immune responses. Herein, we summarized: 1) The nonspecific protection effects of BCG, such as prophylactic protection effects of BCG on nonmycobacterial infections, immunotherapy effects of BCG vaccine, and enhancement effect of BCG vaccine on unrelated vaccines; 2) Recent evidence of BCG's efficacy against SARS-COV-2 infection from ecological studies, analytical analyses, clinical trials, and animal studies; 3) Three possible mechanisms of BCG vaccine and their effects on COVID-19 control including heterologous immunity, trained immunity, and anti-inflammatory effect. We hope that this review will encourage more scientists to investigate further BCG induced non-specific immune responses and explore their mechanisms, which could be a potential tool for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic and COVID-19-like "Black Swan" events to reduce the impacts of infectious disease outbreaks on public health, politics, and economy.},
}
@article {pmid35596912,
year = {2022},
author = {Watkins, RR},
title = {Using Precision Medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Viral Pneumonia.},
journal = {Advances in therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35596912},
issn = {1865-8652},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has drawn considerable attention to viral pneumonia from clinicians, public health authorities, and the general public. With dozens of viruses able to cause pneumonia in humans, differentiating viral from bacterial pneumonia can be very challenging in clinical practice using traditional diagnostic methods. Precision medicine is a medical model in which decisions, practices, interventions, and therapies are adapted to the individual patient on the basis of their predicted response or risk of disease. Precision medicine approaches hold promise as a way to improve outcomes for patients with viral pneumonia. This review describes the latest advances in the use of precision medicine for diagnosing and treating viral pneumonia in adults and discusses areas where further research is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid35596115,
year = {2022},
author = {Aggarwal, V and Sunder, S and Verma, SR},
title = {Disease-associated dysbiosis and potential therapeutic role of Akkermansia muciniphila, a mucus degrading bacteria of gut microbiome.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35596115},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {The unique functionality of Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiota indicates it to be an indispensable microbe for human welfare. The importance of A. muciniphila lies in its potential to convert mucin into beneficial by-products, regulate intestinal homeostasis and maintain gut barrier integrity. It is also known to competitively inhibit other mucin-degrading bacteria and improve metabolic functions and immunity responses in the host. It finds a pivotal perspective in various diseases and their treatment. It has future as a promising probiotic, disease biomarker and therapeutic agent for chronic diseases. Disease-associated dysbiosis of A. muciniphila in the gut microbiome makes it a potential candidate as a biomarker for some diseases and can provide future theranostics by suggesting ways of diagnosis for the patients and best treatment method based on the screening results. Manipulation of A. muciniphila in gut microbiome may help in developing a novel personalized therapeutic action and can be a suitable next generation medicine. However, the actual pathway governing A. muciniphila interaction with hosts remains to be investigated. Also, due to the limited availability of products containing A. muciniphila, it is not exploited to its full potential. The present review aims at highlighting the potential of A. muciniphila in mucin degradation, contribution towards the gut health and host immunity and management of metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis and COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35596094,
year = {2022},
author = {Takechi-Haraya, Y and Ohgita, T and Demizu, Y and Saito, H and Izutsu, KI and Sakai-Kato, K},
title = {Current Status and Challenges of Analytical Methods for Evaluation of Size and Surface Modification of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Formulations.},
journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {150},
pmid = {35596094},
issn = {1530-9932},
abstract = {The present review discusses the current status and difficulties of the analytical methods used to evaluate size and surface modifications of nanoparticle-based pharmaceutical products (NPs) such as liposomal drugs and new SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. We identified the challenges in the development of methods for (1) measurement of a wide range of solid-state NPs, (2) evaluation of the sizes of polydisperse NPs, and (3) measurement of non-spherical NPs. Although a few methods have been established to analyze surface modifications of NPs, the feasibility of their application to NPs is unknown. The present review also examined the trends in standardization required to validate the size and surface measurements of NPs. It was determined that there is a lack of available reference materials and it is difficult to select appropriate ones for modified NP surface characterization. Research and development are in progress on innovative surface-modified NP-based cancer and gene therapies targeting cells, tissues, and organs. Next-generation nanomedicine should compile studies on the practice and standardization of the measurement methods for NPs to design surface modifications and ensure the quality of NPs.},
}
@article {pmid35596055,
year = {2022},
author = {Rex, DAB and Vaid, N and Deepak, K and Dagamajalu, S and Prasad, TSK},
title = {A comprehensive review on current understanding of bradykinin in COVID-19 and inflammatory diseases.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35596055},
issn = {1573-4978},
abstract = {Bradykinin, a member of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), is a potent, short-lived vasoactive peptide that acts as a vasodilator and an inflammatory mediator in a number of signaling mechanisms. Bradykinin induced signaling is mediated through kinin B1 (BDKRB1) and B2 (BDKRB2) transmembrane receptors coupled with different subunits of G proteins (Gαi/Gα0, Gαq and Gβ1γ2). The bradykinin-mediated signaling mechanism activates excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and IL-2. Upregulation of these cytokines has implications in a wide range of clinical conditions such as inflammation leading to fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, and most recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In SARS-CoV-2 infection, bradykinin is found to be at raised levels and is reported to trigger a diverse array of symptoms. All of this brings bradykinin to the core point as a molecule of immense therapeutic value. Our understanding of its involvement in various pathways has expanded with time. Therefore, there is a need to look at the overall picture that emerges from the developments made by deciphering the bradykinin mediated signaling mechanisms involved in the pathological conditions. It will help devise strategies for developing better treatment modalities in the implicated diseases. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on bradykinin mediated signaling in the diverse conditions described above, with a marked emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting the bradykinin receptor.},
}
@article {pmid35595949,
year = {2022},
author = {Lazarou, E and Tsioufis, P and Vlachopoulos, C and Tsioufis, C and Lazaros, G},
title = {Acute Pericarditis: Update.},
journal = {Current cardiology reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35595949},
issn = {1534-3170},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since 2015, when ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases were published, ongoing research has enhanced the current state of knowledge on acute pericarditis. This review is an update on the latest developments in this field.
RECENT FINDINGS: In recurrent acute pericarditis, autoinflammation has been included among causative mechanisms restricting the vague diagnoses of "idiopathic" pericarditis. Cardiac magnetic resonance that detects ongoing pericardial inflammation may guide treatment in difficult-to-treat patients. Development of risk scores may assist identification of patients at high risk for complicated pericarditis, who should be closely monitored and aggressively treated. Treatment with IL-1 inhibitors has been proven efficacious in recurrent forms with a good safety profile. Finally, acute pericarditis has recently attracted great interest as it has been reported among side effects post COVID-19 vaccination and may also complicate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Recent advancements in acute pericarditis have contributed to a better understanding of the disease allowing a tailored to the individual patient approach. However, there are still unsolved questions that require further research.},
}
@article {pmid35595916,
year = {2022},
author = {McCarthy, G and Shore, S and Ozdenerol, E and Stewart, A and Shaban-Nejad, A and Schwartz, DL},
title = {History Repeating-How Pandemics Collide with Health Disparities in the United States.},
journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35595916},
issn = {2196-8837},
abstract = {Across the United States, public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have fallen short. COVID-19 has exacerbated longstanding public health shortfalls in disadvantaged communities. Was this predestined? Understanding where we are today requires reflection on our longer journey. Disparities cataloged during COVID-19 reflect the same unequal host exposure and susceptibility risks that shaped previous pandemics. In this review, we provide historical context to better understand current events and to showcase forgotten lessons which may motivate future action to protect our most vulnerable citizens.},
}
@article {pmid35595423,
year = {2022},
author = {Hong, SJ and Galati, J and Katz, S},
title = {Crohn's Disease of the Elderly: Unique Biology and Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety.},
journal = {Gastroenterology clinics of North America},
volume = {51},
number = {2},
pages = {425-440},
doi = {10.1016/j.gtc.2021.12.014},
pmid = {35595423},
issn = {1558-1942},
abstract = {The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing in the elderly population. Compared with patients with onset during younger years, patients with elderly-onset IBD have a distinct clinical presentation, disease phenotype, and natural history. Genetics contribute less to pathogenesis of disease, whereas aging-related biological changes, such as immunosenescence and dysbiosis, are associated with elderly-onset IBD. Frailty is an increasingly recognized predictor of adverse outcomes. As an increasingly wider array of biologic and small molecule therapeutic options becomes available, data regarding efficacy and safety of these agents in patients are paramount given the unique characteristics of this population.},
}
@article {pmid35595144,
year = {2022},
author = {Rai, PK and Sonne, C and Song, H and Kim, KH},
title = {The effects of COVID-19 transmission on environmental sustainability and human health: Paving the way to ensure its sustainable management.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {156039},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156039},
pmid = {35595144},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The transmission dynamics and health risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are inextricably linked to ineract with environment, climate, air pollution, and meteorological conditions. The spread of COVID-19 infection can thus perturb the 'planetary health' and livelihood by exerting impacts on the temporal and spatial variabilities of environmental pollution. Prioritization of COVID-19 by the health-care sector has been posing a serious threat to economic progress and undermines efforts to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for environmental sustainability and mitigating the effects on climate. Here, we review the multifaceted effects of COVID-19 with respect to environmental quality, climatic variables, SDGs, energy resilience, and sustainability programs. It is well perceived that COVID-19 may have long-lasting and profound effects on socio-economic systems, food security, livelihoods, and the 'nexus' indicators. To seek for the solution of these problems consensus can be drawn to establish and ensure a sound health-care system, a sustainable environment, and a circular bioeconomy. A holistic analysis of COVID-19's effects on multiple sectors should help develop nature-based solutions, cleaner technologies, and green economic recovery plans to help maintain environmental sustainability, ecosystem resilience, and planetary health.},
}
@article {pmid35595050,
year = {2022},
author = {Ruscitti, P and Di Cola, I and Di Muzio, C and Italiano, N and Ursini, F and Giacomelli, R and Cipriani, P},
title = {Expanding the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome, from pathogenic mechanisms to clinical observations, and therapeutic implications.},
journal = {Autoimmunity reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103114},
doi = {10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103114},
pmid = {35595050},
issn = {1873-0183},
abstract = {From the introduction of hyperferritinemic syndrome concept, a growing body of evidence has suggested the role of ferritin as a pathogenic mediator and a relevant clinical feature in the management of patients with inflammatory diseases. From a pathogenic point of view, ferritin may directly stimulate the aberrant immune response by triggering the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in inducing a vicious pathogenic loop and contributing to the occurrence of cytokine storm syndrome. The latter has been recently defined as a clinical picture characterised by elevated circulating cytokine levels, acute systemic inflammatory symptoms, and secondary organ dysfunction beyond that which could be attributed to a normal response to a pathogen It is noteworthy that the occurrence of hyperferritinemia may be correlated with the development of the cytokine storm syndrome in the context of an inflammatory disease. In addition to adult onset Still's disease, macrophage activation syndrome, catastrophic anti-phospholipids syndrome, and septic shock, recent evidence has suggested this association between ferritin and life-threatening evolution in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, with anti-MDA5 antibodies in the context of poly-dermatomyositis, with severe COVID-19, and with multisystem inflammatory syndrome. The possible underlying common inflammatory mechanisms, associated with hyperferritinemia, may led to the similar clinical picture observed in these patients. Furthermore, similar therapeutic strategies could be suggested inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving long-term outcomes in these disorders. Thus, it could be possible to expand the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome to those diseases burdened by a dreadful clinical picture correlated with hyperferritinemia and the occurrence of the cytokine storm syndrome. In addition, the assessment of ferritin may provide useful information to the physicians in clinical practice to manage these patients. Therefore, ferritin may be considered a relevant clinical feature to be used as biomarker in dissecting the unmet needs in the management of these disorders. Novel evidence may thus support an expansion of the spectrum of the hyperferritinemic syndrome to these diseases burdened by a life-threatening clinical picture correlated with hyperferritinemia and the occurrence of the cytokine storm syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid35594877,
year = {2022},
author = {Kickbusch, I and Liu, A},
title = {Global health diplomacy-reconstructing power and governance.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00583-9},
pmid = {35594877},
issn = {1474-547X},
abstract = {Over the past two decades, global health diplomacy, foreign policy for health, and global health policy have changed substantially. Diplomacy is a constitutive part of the system of global health governance. COVID-19 hit the world when multilateral cooperation was subject to major challenges, and global health has since become integral to geopolitics. The importance of global health diplomacy, especially at WHO, in keeping countries jointly committed to improving health for everyone, has once again been shown. Through a systematic review, this Series paper explores how international relations concepts and theories have been applied to better understand the role of power in shaping positions, negotiations, and outcomes in global health diplomacy. We apply an international relations perspective to reflect on the effect that those concepts and theories have had on global health diplomacy over the past two decades. This Series paper argues that a more central role of international relations concepts and theories in analysing global health diplomacy would help develop a more nuanced understanding of global health policy making. However, the world has changed to an extent that was not envisioned in academic discourse. This shift calls for new international relations concepts and theories to inform global health diplomacy.},
}
@article {pmid35594810,
year = {2022},
author = {Kuo, KM and Talley, PC and Chang, CS},
title = {The accuracy of machine learning approaches using non-image data for the prediction of COVID-19: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {International journal of medical informatics},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {104791},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2022.104791},
pmid = {35594810},
issn = {1872-8243},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 is a novel, severely contagious disease with enormous negative impact on humanity as well as the world economy. An expeditious, feasible tool for detecting COVID-19 remains yet elusive. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in applying machine learning techniques to predict COVID-19 using non-image data. We have therefore undertaken a meta-analysis to quantify the diagnostic performance of machine learning models facilitating the prediction of COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A comprehensive electronic database search for the period between January 1st, 2021 and December 3rd, 2021 was undertaken in order to identify eligible studies relevant to this meta-analysis. Summary sensitivity, specificity, and the area under receiver operating characteristic curves were used to assess potential diagnostic accuracy. Risk of bias was assessed by means of a revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Studies.
RESULTS: A total of 30 studies, including 34 models, met all of the inclusion criteria. Summary sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic curves were 0.86, 0.86, and 0.91, respectively. The purpose of machine learning models, class imbalance, and feature selection are significant covariates useful in explaining the between-study heterogeneity, in terms of both sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings show that non-image data can be used to predict COVID-19 with an acceptable performance. Further, class imbalance and feature selection are suggested to be incorporated whenever building models for the prediction of COVID-19, thus improving further diagnostic performance.},
}
@article {pmid35594808,
year = {2022},
author = {Caiazzo, V and Witkoski Stimpfel, A},
title = {Vaccine hesitancy in American healthcare workers during the COVID-19 vaccine roll out: an integrative review.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {207},
number = {},
pages = {94-104},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2022.03.017},
pmid = {35594808},
issn = {1476-5616},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this integrative review is to examine the literature on vaccine hesitancy among American healthcare workers during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout.
METHODS: A review of quantitative literature on acceptance, intention, refusal, or hesitation to accept the COVID-19 vaccine was conducted, searching in PubMed, Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Because of the immediacy of the topic, research letters were included in addition to articles. The 18 publications were appraised for quality using the Critical Appraisal Checklist for Cross-Sectional Studies by the Center for Evidence-Based Management.
RESULTS: Estimates of vaccine hesitancy among healthcare workers were similar to the general population. The literature indicates demographic characteristics associated with vaccine hesitancy, including being younger, female, Black, Hispanic, or Latinx. However, examination of the demographic data also points to gaps in the understanding and implications of those characteristics. The newness or perceived rush of vaccine development and implementation were the most cited sources for hesitancy.
CONCLUSION: The studies in this review give clear areas of need for translational research on dissemination and implementation relating to the correlational data, including in areas of comorbid, diasporic, and reproductive health concerns. However, with the gravity of the pandemic and quick arrival of the COVID-19 vaccine happening in the midst of an infodemic, adjunctive interventions could be warranted to combat hesitancy.},
}
@article {pmid35594701,
year = {2022},
author = {Moeinafshar, A and Yazdanpanah, N and Rezaei, N},
title = {Immune-based therapeutic approaches in COVID-19.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {113107},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113107},
pmid = {35594701},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Coronaviridae family. On March 11, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) has named the newly emerged rapidly-spreading epidemic as a pandemic. Besides the risk-reduction measures such as physical and social distancing and vaccination, a wide range of treatment modalities have been developed; aiming to fight the disease. The immune system is known as a double-edged sword in COVID-19 pathogenesis, with respect to its role in eliminating the pathogen and in inducing complications such as cytokine storm syndrome. Hence, immune-based therapeutic approaches have become an interesting field of COVID-19 research, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), interferon therapy, and more COVID-19-specific approaches such as anti-SARS-CoV-2-monoclonal antibodies. Herein, we did a comprehensive review on immune-based therapeutic approaches for COVID-19. DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT: Not applicable.},
}
@article {pmid35594492,
year = {2022},
author = {Cavalcante, FP and Abdala, E and Weissmann, L and Ferreira, CEDS and Amorim, G and de Oliveira, VM and Guilgen, G and Landeiro, L and Pinho, JRR and Pulchinelli, Á and Ribeiro, H and Souza, R and Rosa, DD},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 Disease in Early Breast Cancer Management: A Summary of the Current Evidence.},
journal = {JCO global oncology},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e2100357},
doi = {10.1200/GO.21.00357},
pmid = {35594492},
issn = {2687-8941},
abstract = {PURPOSE: An expert panel on breast cancer and COVID-19 disease was convened to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic for early breast cancer (eBC) management.
METHODS: To ensure that the most clinically relevant information was addressed, essential information was drawn from several of the latest national and international guidelines and another technical document. The expert panel met in five virtual closed sessions from November 2020 to May 2021 to consult on the relevant data from evidence-based results. The data gathered were discussed on an online platform.
RESULTS: This article reports the expert panel's highlights of these meetings' discussions. In addition, it provides practical recommendations covering topics regarding diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with eBC in clinical settings routinely encountered by health care professionals amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSION: This article provided guidance on several topics regarding eBC management amid the COVID-19 pandemics to inform safer care practices.},
}
@article {pmid35594413,
year = {2022},
author = {Gao, K and Wang, R and Chen, J and Cheng, L and Frishcosy, J and Huzumi, Y and Qiu, Y and Schluckbier, T and Wei, X and Wei, GW},
title = {Methodology-Centered Review of Molecular Modeling, Simulation, and Prediction of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Chemical reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00965},
pmid = {35594413},
issn = {1520-6890},
abstract = {Despite tremendous efforts in the past two years, our understanding of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), virus-host interactions, immune response, virulence, transmission, and evolution is still very limited. This limitation calls for further in-depth investigation. Computational studies have become an indispensable component in combating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to their low cost, their efficiency, and the fact that they are free from safety and ethical constraints. Additionally, the mechanism that governs the global evolution and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 cannot be revealed from individual experiments and was discovered by integrating genotyping of massive viral sequences, biophysical modeling of protein-protein interactions, deep mutational data, deep learning, and advanced mathematics. There exists a tsunami of literature on the molecular modeling, simulations, and predictions of SARS-CoV-2 and related developments of drugs, vaccines, antibodies, and diagnostics. To provide readers with a quick update about this literature, we present a comprehensive and systematic methodology-centered review. Aspects such as molecular biophysics, bioinformatics, cheminformatics, machine learning, and mathematics are discussed. This review will be beneficial to researchers who are looking for ways to contribute to SARS-CoV-2 studies and those who are interested in the status of the field.},
}
@article {pmid35594336,
year = {2022},
author = {Castanares-Zapatero, D and Chalon, P and Kohn, L and Dauvrin, M and Detollenaere, J and Maertens de Noordhout, C and Primus-de Jong, C and Cleemput, I and Van den Heede, K},
title = {Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {1473-1487},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2022.2076901},
pmid = {35594336},
issn = {1365-2060},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: After almost 2 years of fighting against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the number of patients enduring persistent symptoms long after acute infection is a matter of concern. This set of symptoms was referred to as "long COVID", and it was defined more recently as "Post COVID-19 condition" by the World health Organization (WHO). Although studies have revealed that long COVID can manifest whatever the severity of inaugural illness, the underlying pathophysiology is still enigmatic.
AIM: To conduct a comprehensive review to address the putative pathophysiology underlying the persisting symptoms of long COVID.
METHOD: We searched 11 bibliographic databases (Cochrane Library, JBI EBP Database, Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, CINHAL, Ovid Nursing Database, Journals@Ovid, SciLit, EuropePMC, and CoronaCentral). We selected studies that put forward hypotheses on the pathophysiology, as well as those that encompassed long COVID patients in their research investigation.
RESULTS: A total of 98 articles were included in the systematic review, 54 of which exclusively addressed hypotheses on pathophysiology, while 44 involved COVID patients. Studies that included patients displayed heterogeneity with respect to the severity of initial illness, timing of analysis, or presence of a control group. Although long COVID likely results from long-term organ damage due to acute-phase infection, specific mechanisms following the initial illness could contribute to the later symptoms possibly affecting many organs. As such, autonomic nervous system damage could account for many symptoms without clear evidence of organ damage. Immune dysregulation, auto-immunity, endothelial dysfunction, occult viral persistence, as well as coagulation activation are the main underlying pathophysiological mechanisms so far.
CONCLUSION: Evidence on why persistent symptoms occur is still limited, and available studies are heterogeneous. Apart from long-term organ damage, many hints suggest that specific mechanisms following acute illness could be involved in long COVID symptoms. KEY MESSAGESLong-COVID is a multisystem disease that develops regardless of the initial disease severity. Its clinical spectrum comprises a wide range of symptoms.The mechanisms underlying its pathophysiology are still unclear. Although organ damage from the acute infection phase likely accounts for symptoms, specific long-lasting inflammatory mechanisms have been proposed, as well.Existing studies involving Long-COVID patients are highly heterogeneous, as they include patients with various COVID-19 severity levels and different time frame analysis, as well.},
}
@article {pmid35594333,
year = {2022},
author = {Lim, NA and Teng, O and Ng, CYH and Bao, LXY and Tambyah, PA and Quek, AML and Seet, RCS},
title = {Repurposing povidone-iodine to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission: a narrative review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {1488-1499},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2022.2076902},
pmid = {35594333},
issn = {1365-2060},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Accumulating data suggest antiviral effects of povidone-iodine against the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. This narrative review aims to examine the antiviral mechanisms of povidone-iodine, efficacy of povidone-iodine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and safety of povidone-iodine to human epithelial cells and thyroid function.
METHODS: We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov and World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for articles containing the keywords "povidone-iodine", "SARS-CoV-2" and "COVID-19" from database inception till 3 June 2021.
RESULTS: Despite in vitro data supporting the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effects of povidone-iodine, findings from clinical studies revealed differences in treatment response depending on study settings (healthy vs. hospitalized individuals), treatment target (nasal vs. oral vs. pharynx), method of administration (oral rinse vs. gargle vs. throat spray) and choice of samples used to measure study endpoints (nasopharyngeal vs. saliva). One large-scale clinical trial demonstrated reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among participants who administered povidone-iodine 3 times daily during an active outbreak. Povidone-iodine is also used to disinfect the oro-pharyngeal space prior to dental or otolaryngology procedures. Although existing data suggest minimal impact of povidone-iodine on thyroid function, high-quality safety data are presently lacking.
CONCLUSIONS: Povidone-iodine application to the oropharyngeal space could complement existing non-pharmacological interventions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection especially in high exposure settings.Key messagesAccumulating data suggest antiviral effects of povidone-iodine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Findings from clinical studies reveal differences in treatment response depending on study settings, treatment target, method of administration and choice of samples used to measure study endpoints. One large-scale clinical trial observed reduction in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection among participants who administered povidone-iodine 3 times daily during an active outbreak.Povidone-iodine application to the oropharyngeal space could complement existing non-pharmacological interventions to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infection especially in high exposure settings.},
}
@article {pmid35593963,
year = {2022},
author = {Yang, S and Tong, Y and Chen, L and Yu, W},
title = {Human Identical Sequences, hyaluronan, and hymecromone ─ the new mechanism and management of COVID-19.},
journal = {Molecular biomedicine},
volume = {3},
number = {1},
pages = {15},
pmid = {35593963},
issn = {2662-8651},
support = {2018YFC1005004//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; 18JC1411101//Major Special Projects of Basic Research of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission/ ; 31872814//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has created formidable damage to public health and market economy. Currently, SARS-CoV-2 variants has exacerbated the transmission from person-to-person. Even after a great deal of investigation on COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 is still rampaging globally, emphasizing the urgent need to reformulate effective prevention and treatment strategies. Here, we review the latest research progress of COVID-19 and provide distinct perspectives on the mechanism and management of COVID-19. Specially, we highlight the significance of Human Identical Sequences (HIS), hyaluronan, and hymecromone ("Three-H") for the understanding and intervention of COVID-19. Firstly, HIS activate inflammation-related genes to influence COVID-19 progress through NamiRNA-Enhancer network. Accumulation of hyaluronan induced by HIS-mediated HAS2 upregulation is a substantial basis for clinical manifestations of COVID-19, especially in lymphocytopenia and pulmonary ground-glass opacity. Secondly, detection of plasma hyaluronan can be effective for evaluating the progression and severity of COVID-19. Thirdly, spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 may bind to hyaluronan and further serve as an allergen to stimulate allergic reaction, causing sudden adverse effects after vaccination or the aggravation of COVID-19. Finally, antisense oligonucleotides of HIS or inhibitors of hyaluronan synthesis (hymecromone) or antiallergic agents could be promising therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Collectively, Three-H could hold the key to understand the pathogenic mechanism and create effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35593707,
year = {2021},
author = {Codd, AS and Hanna, SJ and Compeer, EB and Richter, FC and Pring, EJ and Gea-Mallorquí, E and Borsa, M and Moon, OR and Scourfield, DO and , and Gallimore, AM and Milicic, A},
title = {Neutrophilia, lymphopenia and myeloid dysfunction: a living review of the quantitative changes to innate and adaptive immune cells which define COVID-19 pathology.},
journal = {Oxford open immunology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {iqab016},
doi = {10.1093/oxfimm/iqab016},
pmid = {35593707},
issn = {2633-6960},
abstract = {Destabilization of balanced immune cell numbers and frequencies is a common feature of viral infections. This occurs due to, and further enhances, viral immune evasion and survival. Since the discovery of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which manifests in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a great number of studies have described the association between this virus and pathologically increased or decreased immune cell counts. In this review, we consider the absolute and relative changes to innate and adaptive immune cell numbers, in COVID-19. In severe disease particularly, neutrophils are increased, which can lead to inflammation and tissue damage. Dysregulation of other granulocytes, basophils and eosinophils represents an unusual COVID-19 phenomenon. Contrastingly, the impact on the different types of monocytes leans more strongly to an altered phenotype, e.g. HLA-DR expression, rather than numerical changes. However, it is the adaptive immune response that bears the most profound impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. T cell lymphopenia correlates with increased risk of intensive care unit admission and death; therefore, this parameter is particularly important for clinical decision-making. Mild and severe diseases differ in the rate of immune cell counts returning to normal levels post disease. Tracking the recovery trajectories of various immune cell counts may also have implications for long-term COVID-19 monitoring. This review represents a snapshot of our current knowledge, showing that much has been achieved in a short period of time. Alterations in counts of distinct immune cells represent an accessible metric to inform patient care decisions or predict disease outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid35593186,
year = {2022},
author = {Struyf, T and Deeks, JJ and Dinnes, J and Takwoingi, Y and Davenport, C and Leeflang, MM and Spijker, R and Hooft, L and Emperador, D and Domen, J and Tans, A and Janssens, S and Wickramasinghe, D and Lannoy, V and Horn, SRA and Van den Bruel, A and , },
title = {Signs and symptoms to determine if a patient presenting in primary care or hospital outpatient settings has COVID-19.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {CD013665},
doi = {10.1002/14651858.CD013665.pub3},
pmid = {35593186},
issn = {1469-493X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 illness is highly variable, ranging from infection with no symptoms through to pneumonia and life-threatening consequences. Symptoms such as fever, cough, or loss of sense of smell (anosmia) or taste (ageusia), can help flag early on if the disease is present. Such information could be used either to rule out COVID-19 disease, or to identify people who need to go for COVID-19 diagnostic tests. This is the second update of this review, which was first published in 2020.
OBJECTIVES: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of signs and symptoms to determine if a person presenting in primary care or to hospital outpatient settings, such as the emergency department or dedicated COVID-19 clinics, has COVID-19.
SEARCH METHODS: We undertook electronic searches up to 10 June 2021 in the University of Bern living search database. In addition, we checked repositories of COVID-19 publications. We used artificial intelligence text analysis to conduct an initial classification of documents. We did not apply any language restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies were eligible if they included people with clinically suspected COVID-19, or recruited known cases with COVID-19 and also controls without COVID-19 from a single-gate cohort. Studies were eligible when they recruited people presenting to primary care or hospital outpatient settings. Studies that included people who contracted SARS-CoV-2 infection while admitted to hospital were not eligible. The minimum eligible sample size of studies was 10 participants. All signs and symptoms were eligible for this review, including individual signs and symptoms or combinations. We accepted a range of reference standards.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Pairs of review authors independently selected all studies, at both title and abstract, and full-text stage. They resolved any disagreements by discussion with a third review author. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the QUADAS-2 checklist, and resolved disagreements by discussion with a third review author. Analyses were restricted to prospective studies only. We presented sensitivity and specificity in paired forest plots, in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space and in dumbbell plots. We estimated summary parameters using a bivariate random-effects meta-analysis whenever five or more primary prospective studies were available, and whenever heterogeneity across studies was deemed acceptable.
MAIN RESULTS: We identified 90 studies; for this update we focused on the results of 42 prospective studies with 52,608 participants. Prevalence of COVID-19 disease varied from 3.7% to 60.6% with a median of 27.4%. Thirty-five studies were set in emergency departments or outpatient test centres (46,878 participants), three in primary care settings (1230 participants), two in a mixed population of in- and outpatients in a paediatric hospital setting (493 participants), and two overlapping studies in nursing homes (4007 participants). The studies did not clearly distinguish mild COVID-19 disease from COVID-19 pneumonia, so we present the results for both conditions together. Twelve studies had a high risk of bias for selection of participants because they used a high level of preselection to decide whether reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was needed, or because they enrolled a non-consecutive sample, or because they excluded individuals while they were part of the study base. We rated 36 of the 42 studies as high risk of bias for the index tests because there was little or no detail on how, by whom and when, the symptoms were measured. For most studies, eligibility for testing was dependent on the local case definition and testing criteria that were in effect at the time of the study, meaning most people who were included in studies had already been referred to health services based on the symptoms that we are evaluating in this review. The applicability of the results of this review iteration improved in comparison with the previous reviews. This version has more studies of people presenting to ambulatory settings, which is where the majority of assessments for COVID-19 take place. Only three studies presented any data on children separately, and only one focused specifically on older adults. We found data on 96 symptoms or combinations of signs and symptoms. Evidence on individual signs as diagnostic tests was rarely reported, so this review reports mainly on the diagnostic value of symptoms. Results were highly variable across studies. Most had very low sensitivity and high specificity. RT-PCR was the most often used reference standard (40/42 studies). Only cough (11 studies) had a summary sensitivity above 50% (62.4%, 95% CI 50.6% to 72.9%)); its specificity was low (45.4%, 95% CI 33.5% to 57.9%)). Presence of fever had a sensitivity of 37.6% (95% CI 23.4% to 54.3%) and a specificity of 75.2% (95% CI 56.3% to 87.8%). The summary positive likelihood ratio of cough was 1.14 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.25) and that of fever 1.52 (95% CI 1.10 to 2.10). Sore throat had a summary positive likelihood ratio of 0.814 (95% CI 0.714 to 0.929), which means that its presence increases the probability of having an infectious disease other than COVID-19. Dyspnoea (12 studies) and fatigue (8 studies) had a sensitivity of 23.3% (95% CI 16.4% to 31.9%) and 40.2% (95% CI 19.4% to 65.1%) respectively. Their specificity was 75.7% (95% CI 65.2% to 83.9%) and 73.6% (95% CI 48.4% to 89.3%). The summary positive likelihood ratio of dyspnoea was 0.96 (95% CI 0.83 to 1.11) and that of fatigue 1.52 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.91), which means that the presence of fatigue slightly increases the probability of having COVID-19. Anosmia alone (7 studies), ageusia alone (5 studies), and anosmia or ageusia (6 studies) had summary sensitivities below 50% but summary specificities over 90%. Anosmia had a summary sensitivity of 26.4% (95% CI 13.8% to 44.6%) and a specificity of 94.2% (95% CI 90.6% to 96.5%). Ageusia had a summary sensitivity of 23.2% (95% CI 10.6% to 43.3%) and a specificity of 92.6% (95% CI 83.1% to 97.0%). Anosmia or ageusia had a summary sensitivity of 39.2% (95% CI 26.5% to 53.6%) and a specificity of 92.1% (95% CI 84.5% to 96.2%). The summary positive likelihood ratios of anosmia alone and anosmia or ageusia were 4.55 (95% CI 3.46 to 5.97) and 4.99 (95% CI 3.22 to 7.75) respectively, which is just below our arbitrary definition of a 'red flag', that is, a positive likelihood ratio of at least 5. The summary positive likelihood ratio of ageusia alone was 3.14 (95% CI 1.79 to 5.51). Twenty-four studies assessed combinations of different signs and symptoms, mostly combining olfactory symptoms. By combining symptoms with other information such as contact or travel history, age, gender, and a local recent case detection rate, some multivariable prediction scores reached a sensitivity as high as 90%.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Most individual symptoms included in this review have poor diagnostic accuracy. Neither absence nor presence of symptoms are accurate enough to rule in or rule out the disease. The presence of anosmia or ageusia may be useful as a red flag for the presence of COVID-19. The presence of cough also supports further testing. There is currently no evidence to support further testing with PCR in any individuals presenting only with upper respiratory symptoms such as sore throat, coryza or rhinorrhoea. Combinations of symptoms with other readily available information such as contact or travel history, or the local recent case detection rate may prove more useful and should be further investigated in an unselected population presenting to primary care or hospital outpatient settings. The diagnostic accuracy of symptoms for COVID-19 is moderate to low and any testing strategy using symptoms as selection mechanism will result in both large numbers of missed cases and large numbers of people requiring testing. Which one of these is minimised, is determined by the goal of COVID-19 testing strategies, that is, controlling the epidemic by isolating every possible case versus identifying those with clinically important disease so that they can be monitored or treated to optimise their prognosis. The former will require a testing strategy that uses very few symptoms as entry criterion for testing, the latter could focus on more specific symptoms such as fever and anosmia.},
}
@article {pmid35592814,
year = {2022},
author = {Talukder, A and Razu, SR and Alif, SM and Rahman, MA and Islam, SMS},
title = {Association Between Symptoms and Severity of Disease in Hospitalised Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1101-1110},
doi = {10.2147/JMDH.S357867},
pmid = {35592814},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {Background: Symptoms of the novel coronavirus disease (COVD-19) are well known, although asymptomatic cases were also reported due to this rapidly evolving viral disease. However, there has been limited research with inconsistent findings on symptoms of COVID-19 and disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms and severity of disease in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis.
Methods: We conducted this study by searching four online databases (Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library) of published studies that included symptoms of COVID-19 cases and severity of the disease between January 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed, and only articles published in English were selected. We performed meta-analysis using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Note that we included peer-reviewed studies conducted in Wuhan and published in the English language that reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, particularly the symptoms of novel coronavirus patients with their prevalence and distribution of patients based on the severity of the disease.
Results: Out of 255 articles identified, a total of twenty articles, including 5390 participants, met the inclusion criteria and were included. Among the participants, 2997 (55.60%) were males, and 974 (18.07%) reported severe conditions. Fever was the most commonly reported symptom in the reported COVID-19 confirmed cases (88.47%, 95% CI: 80.74-93.35%), which was followed by cough, fatigue, and less proportionally dyspnea and myalgia. Dyspnea was the only symptom, which was associated with severity of COVID-19 (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.52-3.89).
Conclusion: Dyspnoea was found to be associated with severity of COVID-19. People with existing respiratory illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases need to be careful about the onset of such symptom and should seek medical attention.},
}
@article {pmid35592777,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, SC and Zhang, F and Zhu, H and Yang, H and Liu, Y and Wang, P and Parpura, V and Wang, YF},
title = {Potential of Endogenous Oxytocin in Endocrine Treatment and Prevention of COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {799521},
doi = {10.3389/fendo.2022.799521},
pmid = {35592777},
issn = {1664-2392},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 or COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a significant threat to the health of human beings. While wearing mask, maintaining social distance and performing self-quarantine can reduce virus spreading passively, vaccination actively enhances immune defense against COVID-19. However, mutations of SARS-CoV-2 and presence of asymptomatic carriers frustrate the effort of completely conquering COVID-19. A strategy that can reduce the susceptibility and thus prevent COVID-19 while blocking viral invasion and pathogenesis independent of viral antigen stability is highly desirable. In the pathogenesis of COVID-19, endocrine disorders have been implicated. Correspondingly, many hormones have been identified to possess therapeutic potential of treating COVID-19, such as estrogen, melatonin, corticosteroids, thyroid hormone and oxytocin. Among them, oxytocin has the potential of both treatment and prevention of COVID-19. This is based on oxytocin promotion of immune-metabolic homeostasis, suppression of inflammation and pre-existing comorbidities, acceleration of damage repair, and reduction of individuals' susceptibility to pathogen infection. Oxytocin may specifically inactivate SARS-COV-2 spike protein and block viral entry into cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 by suppressing serine protease and increasing interferon levels and number of T-lymphocytes. In addition, oxytocin can promote parasympathetic outflow and the secretion of body fluids that could dilute and even inactivate SARS-CoV-2 on the surface of cornea, oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. What we need to do now is clinical trials. Such trials should fully balance the advantages and disadvantages of oxytocin application, consider the time- and dose-dependency of oxytocin effects, optimize the dosage form and administration approach, combine oxytocin with inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication, apply specific passive immunization, and timely utilize efficient vaccines. Meanwhile, blocking COVID-19 transmission chain and developing other efficient anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs are also important. In addition, relative to the complex issues with drug applications over a long term, oxytocin can be mobilized through many physiological stimuli, and thus used as a general prevention measure. In this review, we explore the potential of oxytocin for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 and perhaps other similar pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid35592762,
year = {2022},
author = {Stettler, MEJ and Nishida, RT and de Oliveira, PM and Mesquita, LCC and Johnson, TJ and Galea, ER and Grandison, A and Ewer, J and Carruthers, D and Sykes, D and Kumar, P and Avital, E and Obeysekara, AIB and Doorly, D and Hardalupas, Y and Green, DC and Coldrick, S and Parker, S and Boies, AM},
title = {Source terms for benchmarking models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission via aerosols and droplets.},
journal = {Royal Society open science},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {212022},
doi = {10.1098/rsos.212022},
pmid = {35592762},
issn = {2054-5703},
abstract = {There is ongoing and rapid advancement in approaches to modelling the fate of exhaled particles in different environments relevant to disease transmission. It is important that models are verified by comparison with each other using a common set of input parameters to ensure that model differences can be interpreted in terms of model physics rather than unspecified differences in model input parameters. In this paper, we define parameters necessary for such benchmarking of models of airborne particles exhaled by humans and transported in the environment during breathing and speaking.},
}
@article {pmid35592728,
year = {2021},
author = {Cervantes-Avilés, P and Moreno-Andrade, I and Carrillo-Reyes, J},
title = {Approaches applied to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and perspectives post-COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of water process engineering},
volume = {40},
number = {},
pages = {101947},
doi = {10.1016/j.jwpe.2021.101947},
pmid = {35592728},
issn = {2214-7144},
abstract = {Currently, SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in the influent of wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), pumping stations, manholes, sewer networks and sludge of WWTP and facilities of countries as France, Spain, Italy, Netherlands, United States, Australia, Ecuador, Brazil and Japan. Although this virus has been detected in the wastewater streams, there is no robust method for its detection and quantification in wastewater. This review compiled and analyzed the virus concentration approaches applied to detect the SARS-CoV-2, besides to provide insights about the methodology for viral concentration, limit of detection, occurrence, persistence, and perspectives post-COVID-19 related with the implications of the virus presence in wastewater. The SARS-COV-2 detection in wastewater has been related to virus concentration methods, which present different recovery rates of the virus. The most used viral concentration methods have been the polyethylene glycol (PEG) for precipitation of viral material and the ultrafiltration at molecular weight level. After viral concentration, the detection and quantification of SARS-COV-2 in wastewater are mainly via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), which is the clinical assay adapted for environmental purposes. Although in some experiments the positive control during RT-qPCR is running a surrogated virus (e.g., Mengovirus or Dengue virus), RT-qPCR or reverse transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) targeting the gene encoding nucleocapsid (N1, N2 and N3) of SARS-COV-2 are highly recommended to calculate the limit of detection in wastewater samples. Current results suggest that a rigorous methodology to elucidate the positive cases in a region from genomic copies in wastewater is needed.},
}
@article {pmid35592553,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Y and Chai, Y and Hu, Z and Xu, Z and Li, M and Chen, X and Yang, C and Liu, J},
title = {Recent Progress on Rapid Lateral Flow Assay-Based Early Diagnosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {866368},
doi = {10.3389/fbioe.2022.866368},
pmid = {35592553},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {The outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in enormous losses worldwide. Through effective control measures and vaccination, prevention and curbing have proven significantly effective; however, the disease has still not been eliminated. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a simple, convenient, and rapid detection strategy for controlling disease recurrence and transmission. Taking advantage of their low-cost and simple operation, point-of-care test (POCT) kits for COVID-19 based on the lateral flow assay (LFA) chemistry have become one of the most convenient and widely used screening tools for pathogens in hospitals and at home. In this review, we introduce essential features of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, compare existing detection methods, and focus on the principles, merits and limitations of the LFAs based on viral nucleic acids, antigens, and corresponding antibodies. A systematic comparison was realized through summarization and analyses, providing a comprehensive demonstration of the LFA technology and insights into preventing and curbing the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35592539,
year = {2022},
author = {Omer, AK and Khorshidi, S and Mortazavi, N and Rahman, HS},
title = {A Review on the Antiviral Activity of Functional Foods Against COVID-19 and Viral Respiratory Tract Infections.},
journal = {International journal of general medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {4817-4835},
doi = {10.2147/IJGM.S361001},
pmid = {35592539},
issn = {1178-7074},
abstract = {Due to the absence of successful therapy, vaccines for protection are continuously being developed. Since vaccines must be thoroughly tested, viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs), mainly coronaviruses, have seriously affected human health worldwide in recent years. In this review, we presented the relevant data which originated from trusted publishers regarding the practical benefits of functional foods (FFs) and their dietary sources, in addition to natural plant products, in viral respiratory and COVID-19 prevention and immune-boosting activities. As a result, FFs were confirmed to be functionally active ingredients for preventing COVID-19 and VRTIs. Furthermore, the antiviral activity and immunological effects of FFs against VRTIs and COVID-19 and their potential main mechanisms of action are also being reviewed. Therefore, to prevent COVID-19 and VRTIs, it is critical to identify controlling the activities and immune-enhancing functional food constituents as early as possible. We further aimed to summarize functional food constituents as a dietary supplement that aids in immune system boosting and may effectively reduce VRTIs and COVID-19 and promote therapeutic efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid35592460,
year = {2022},
author = {Doyen, S and Dadario, NB},
title = {12 Plagues of AI in Healthcare: A Practical Guide to Current Issues With Using Machine Learning in a Medical Context.},
journal = {Frontiers in digital health},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {765406},
doi = {10.3389/fdgth.2022.765406},
pmid = {35592460},
issn = {2673-253X},
abstract = {The healthcare field has long been promised a number of exciting and powerful applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to improve the quality and delivery of health care services. AI techniques, such as machine learning (ML), have proven the ability to model enormous amounts of complex data and biological phenomena in ways only imaginable with human abilities alone. As such, medical professionals, data scientists, and Big Tech companies alike have all invested substantial time, effort, and funding into these technologies with hopes that AI systems will provide rigorous and systematic interpretations of large amounts of data that can be leveraged to augment clinical judgments in real time. However, despite not being newly introduced, AI-based medical devices have more than often been limited in their true clinical impact that was originally promised or that which is likely capable, such as during the current COVID-19 pandemic. There are several common pitfalls for these technologies that if not prospectively managed or adjusted in real-time, will continue to hinder their performance in high stakes environments outside of the lab in which they were created. To address these concerns, we outline and discuss many of the problems that future developers will likely face that contribute to these failures. Specifically, we examine the field under four lenses: approach, data, method and operation. If we continue to prospectively address and manage these concerns with reliable solutions and appropriate system processes in place, then we as a field may further optimize the clinical applicability and adoption of medical based AI technology moving forward.},
}
@article {pmid35592371,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {Nirmatrelvir and ritonavir for COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {61},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2022.015},
pmid = {35592371},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid35592370,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {Molnupiravir for COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {60},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2022.014},
pmid = {35592370},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid35592369,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {Casirivimab and imdevimab for COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {58-59},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2022.013},
pmid = {35592369},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid35592366,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 rS (NVX-CoV-2373) vaccine for prevention of COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {45},
number = {2},
pages = {62},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2022.012},
pmid = {35592366},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid35592330,
year = {2022},
author = {Jawalagatti, V and Kirthika, P and Lee, JH},
title = {Oral mRNA Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases- A Bacterial Perspective [Invited].},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {884862},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.884862},
pmid = {35592330},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The mRNA vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna were granted emergency approval in record time in the history of vaccinology and played an instrumental role in limiting the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. The success of these vaccines resulted from over 3 decades of research from many scientists. However, the development of orally administrable mRNA vaccine development is surprisingly underexplored. Our group specializing in Salmonella-based vaccines explored the possibility of oral mRNA vaccine development. Oral delivery was made possible by the exploitation of the Semliki Forest viral replicon and Salmonella vehicle for transgene amplification and gene delivery, respectively. Herein we highlight the prospect of developing oral replicon-based mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases based on our recent primary studies on SARS-CoV-2. Further, we discuss the potential advantages and limitations of bacterial gene delivery.},
}
@article {pmid35592266,
year = {2022},
author = {Silva, J and Patricio, F and Patricio-Martínez, A and Santos-López, G and Cedillo, L and Tizabi, Y and Limón, ID},
title = {Neuropathological Aspects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Significance for Both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease.},
journal = {Frontiers in neuroscience},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {867825},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2022.867825},
pmid = {35592266},
issn = {1662-4548},
abstract = {Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 entry into the central nervous system can result in neurological and/or neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, routes of SARS-Cov-2 entry into the brain via neuroinvasive pathways such as transcribrial, ocular surface or hematogenous system are discussed. It is argued that SARS-Cov-2-induced cytokine storm, neuroinflammation and oxidative stress increase the risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Further studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants on protein aggregation, glia or microglia activation, and blood-brain barrier are warranted.},
}
@article {pmid35591965,
year = {2022},
author = {Crocerossa, F and Visser, W and Carbonara, U and Falagario, UG and Pandolfo, SD and Loizzo, D and Imbimbo, C and Klausner, AP and Porpiglia, F and Damiano, R and Cantiello, F and Autorino, R},
title = {The impact the COVID-19 pandemic on urology literature: a bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Central European journal of urology},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {102-109},
doi = {10.5173/ceju.2021.291},
pmid = {35591965},
issn = {2080-4806},
abstract = {Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused wide-reaching change to many aspects of life on a worldwide scale. The impact of these changes on peer-reviewed research journals, including those dedicated to urology, is still unknown.
Material and methods: The Web of Science database was queried to retrieve all COVID-19 urological articles written in English language and published between January 1st, 2020 and December 10th, 2021. Only original and review articles were considered. A bibliometric analysis of the total number of papers, citations, institutions and publishing journals was performed. Non-COVID-19 publications were also retrieved to compare the duration of publication stages.
Results: A total of 428 COVID-19 articles and 14,874 non-COVID-19 articles were collected. Significant differences in the duration of all the publication stages were found between COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 articles (all p <0.001). The most productive countries were the USA (100 articles), Italy (59 articles) and the United Kingdom (55 articles). The published literature has focused on four topics: COVID-19 genitourinary manifestations, management of urological diseases during the pandemic, repercussions on quality of life and impact on healthcare providers.
Conclusions: A significant reduction in peer review time for COVID-19 articles might raise concerns regarding the quality of peer review itself. USA, Italy and UK published the highest number of COVID-19 related articles. Restrictive measures taken by governments to reduce the spread of infection had a strong impact on mental stress and anxiety of patients and healthcare professionals. A coerced deferral of diagnosis and treatment of emergencies and uro-oncological cases represented the most challenging task from a clinical standpoint.},
}
@article {pmid35591884,
year = {2022},
author = {Peghin, M and Vena, A and Graziano, E and Giacobbe, DR and Tascini, C and Bassetti, M},
title = {Improving management and antimicrobial stewardship for bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in infectious disease},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {20499361221095732},
doi = {10.1177/20499361221095732},
pmid = {35591884},
issn = {2049-9361},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) infection is being one of the most significant challenges of health care systems worldwide. Bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are uncommon but consumption of antibiotics and antifungals has increased dramatically during the ongoing pandemic resulting in increased selective pressure for global antimicrobial resistance. Nosocomial bacterial superinfections appear to be more frequent than community-acquired coinfections, particularly among patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) and those receiving immunosuppressive treatment. Fungal infections associated with COVID-19 might be missed or misdiagnosed. Existing and new antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programmes can be utilized directly in COVID-19 pandemic and are urgently needed to contain the high rates of misdiagnosis and antimicrobial prescription. The aim of this review is to describe the role of bacterial and fungal infections and possible strategies of AMS to use in daily practice for optimal management of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35591287,
year = {2022},
author = {Murphy, A and Kirby, A and Lawlor, A and Drummond, FJ and Heavin, C},
title = {Mitigating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Adult Cancer Patients through Telehealth Adoption: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/s22093598},
pmid = {35591287},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {NA//MSD Global Oncology Policy grant/ ; },
abstract = {During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the delivery of life-saving and life-prolonging health services for oncology care and supporting services was delayed and, in some cases, completely halted, as national health services globally shifted their attention and resources towards the pandemic response. Prior to March 2020, telehealth was starting to change access to health services. However, the onset of the global pandemic may mark a tipping point for telehealth adoption in healthcare delivery. We conducted a systematic review of literature published between January 2020 and March 2021 examining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adult cancer patients. The review's inclusion criteria focused on the economic, social, health, and psychological implications of COVID-19 on cancer patients and the availability of telehealth services emerged as a key theme. The studies reviewed revealed that the introduction of new telehealth services or the expansion of existing telehealth occurred to support and enable the continuity of oncology and related services during this extraordinary period. Our analysis points to several strengths and weaknesses associated with telehealth adoption and use amongst this cohort. Evidence indicates that while telehealth is not a panacea, it can offer a "bolstering" solution during a time of disruption to patients' access to essential cancer diagnostic, treatment, and aftercare services. The innovative use of telehealth has created opportunities to reimagine the delivery of healthcare services beyond COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35591092,
year = {2022},
author = {Cabanas, AM and Fuentes-Guajardo, M and Latorre, K and León, D and Martín-Escudero, P},
title = {Skin Pigmentation Influence on Pulse Oximetry Accuracy: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/s22093402},
pmid = {35591092},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {UTA-Mayor Project 7721-20//University of Tarapacá/ ; },
abstract = {Nowadays, pulse oximetry has become the standard in primary and intensive care units, especially as a triage tool during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, a deeper understanding of the measurement errors that can affect precise readings is a key element in clinical decision-making. Several factors may influence the accuracy of pulse oximetry, such as skin color, body temperature, altitude, or patient movement. The skin pigmentation effect on pulse oximetry accuracy has long been studied reporting some contradictory conclusions. Recent studies have shown a positive bias in oxygen saturation measurements in patients with darkly pigmented skin, particularly under low saturation conditions. This review aims to study the literature that assesses the influence of skin pigmentation on the accuracy of these devices. We employed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement to conduct a systematic review retrospectively since February 2022 using WOS, PubMed, and Scopus databases. We found 99 unique references, of which only 41 satisfied the established inclusion criteria. A bibliometric and scientometrics approach was performed to examine the outcomes of an exhaustive survey of the thematic content and trending topics.},
}
@article {pmid35589534,
year = {2021},
author = {Dos Santos, T and Galipeau, M and Schukarucha Gomes, A and Greenberg, M and Larsen, M and Lee, D and Maghera, J and Mulchandani, CM and Patton, M and Perera, I and Polishevska, K and Ramdass, S and Shayeganpour, K and Vafaeian, K and Van Allen, K and Wang, Y and Weisz, T and Estall, JL and Mulvihill, EE and Screaton, RA and , },
title = {Islet Biology During COVID-19: Progress and Perspectives.},
journal = {Canadian journal of diabetes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.11.002},
pmid = {35589534},
issn = {2352-3840},
abstract = {The coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had significant impact on research directions and productivity in the past 2 years. Despite these challenges, since 2020, more than 2,500 peer-reviewed articles have been published on pancreatic islet biology. These include updates on the roles of isocitrate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase and incretin hormones in insulin secretion, as well as the discovery of inceptor and signalling by circulating RNAs. 2020 also brought advancements in in vivo and in vitro models, including a new transgenic mouse for assessing beta-cell proliferation, a "pancreas-on-a-chip" to study glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and successful genetic editing of primary human islet cells. Islet biologists evaluated the functionality of stem-cell-derived islet-like cells coated with semipermeable biomaterials to prevent autoimmune attack, revealing the importance of cell maturation after transplantation. Prompted by observations that COVID-19 symptoms can worsen for people with obesity or diabetes, researchers examined how islets are directly affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Herein, we highlight novel functional insights, technologies and therapeutic approaches that emerged between March 2020 and July 2021, written for both scientific and lay audiences. We also include a response to these advancements from patient stakeholders, to help lend a broader perspective to developments and challenges in islet research.},
}
@article {pmid35587142,
year = {2022},
author = {Sarfraz, Z and Sarfraz, A and Jaiswal, V and Poudel, S and Bano, S and Hanif, M and Singh Shrestha, P and Sarfraz, M and Michel, G and Cherrez-Ojeda, I},
title = {The Past, Present and Future of COVID-19 Associated Mucormycosis: A Rapid Review.},
journal = {Journal of primary care & community health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {21501319221099476},
doi = {10.1177/21501319221099476},
pmid = {35587142},
issn = {2150-1327},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/therapy ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; *Mucormycosis/complications/epidemiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is known for the multiple mutations and forms that have rapidly spread across the world. With the imminent challenges faced by low- and middle-income countries in curbing the public health fallbacks due to limited resources, mucormycosis emerged as a fungal infection associated with high mortality. In this rapid review, we explored MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science, WHO Global Database, and the search engine-Google Scholar for articles listed until July 2021 and presented a narrative synthesis of findings from 39 articles. The epidemiology, causative factors, incidence parameters, pharmacological treatment, and recommendations for low- and middle-income countries are enlisted. This study concludes that a majority of the globally reported COVID-19 associated mucormycosis cases stemmed from India. Individuals receiving systemic corticosteroids or who have a history of diabetes mellitus are more prone to contracting the disease. Public health authorities in LMIC are recommended to strengthen antifungal therapies for COVID-19 associated mucormycosis and to strategize reduction in diabetes mellitus prevalence.},
}
@article {pmid35587093,
year = {2022},
author = {Basilicata, M and Zarone, F and Leone, R and Guerriero, C and Di Lauro, M and Franco, R and Bernardini, S and Noce, A and Bollero, P and Sorrentino, R},
title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 on dentistry: a review of literature.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {9},
pages = {3386-3398},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202205_28760},
pmid = {35587093},
issn = {2284-0729},
mesh = {Aerosols ; *COVID-19 ; Dentistry ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 is a new Coronavirus identified as the cause of Coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19). The epidemic spread in China and beyond its borders, involving 114 countries with more than 5 million dead. On March 11, the WHO declared the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to be a pandemic and encouraged nations to adopt harsh restrictive measures. Therefore, patients more and more often turn to dental offices only for emergencies. Healthcare professionals, including dentists, are at high infectious risk. In fact, the closeness to the oral cavity and nasopharynx and the use of drills or ultrasonic devices that cause aerosol release, make dental professions at high risk of bacterial and viral infections. The way patients are treated has changed. In fact, it should be mandatory to carry out a pre-treatment telephone triage and the use of mouthwashes to reduce bacterial load. In the current pandemic, it is necessary to adopt specific safety protocols that can protect dental operators as well as limit the spread of the virus. The purpose of this review is to present an overview on ways to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 contagion in dentistry by focusing on the immediate situation as well as by looking towards the future.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: To reach the review purpose, we selected a series of studies using keywords "COVID-19" OR "SARS-CoV-2" in association with "dentistry" AND "safety protocols" AND "healthcare procedures" AND "individual protection dispositive" AND "air transmission" AND "droplet". We selected papers exclusively in English language, up to 1st January 2022.
RESULTS: During future phases of the pandemic, everywhere in the World, it is necessary to impose all dentistry team both a serological screening and the vaccination, as already established for all health staff in Italy.
CONCLUSIONS: For own safety, it is an important for the whole dentistry category constantly update the devices and the protocols adopted, as well as monitoring the real infectious threats, which may occur.},
}
@article {pmid35585497,
year = {2022},
author = {Damjanovic, D and Pooth, JS and Steger, R and Boeker, M and Steger, M and Ganter, J and Hack, T and Baldas, K and Biever, PM and Schmitz, D and Busch, HJ and Müller, MP and Trummer, G and Schmid, B},
title = {Observational study on implications of the COVID-19-pandemic for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: qualitative and quantitative insights from a model region in Germany.},
journal = {BMC emergency medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {85},
pmid = {35585497},
issn = {1471-227X},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; *Emergency Medical Services ; Germany/epidemiology ; Humans ; Observational Studies as Topic ; *Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/epidemiology/therapy ; Pandemics ; Registries ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The city of Freiburg has been among the most affected regions by the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany. In out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care, all parts of the rescue system were exposed to profound infrastructural changes. We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of these changes in the resuscitation landscape in the Freiburg region.
METHODS: Utstein-style quantitative data on OHCA with CPR initiated, occurring in the first pandemic wave between February 27th, 2020 and April 30th, 2020 were compared to the same time periods between 2016 and 2019. Additionally, qualitative changes in the entire rescue system were analyzed and described.
RESULTS: Incidence of OHCA with attempted CPR did not significantly increase during the pandemic period (11.1/100.000 inhabitants/63 days vs 10.4/100.000 inhabitants/63 days, p = 1.000). In witnessed cases, bystander-CPR decreased significantly from 57.7% (30/52) to 25% (4/16) (p = 0.043). A severe pre-existing condition (PEC) was documented more often, 66.7% (16/24) vs 38.2% (39/102) there were longer emergency medical services (EMS) response times, more resuscitation attempts terminated on scene, 62.5% (15/24) vs. 34.3% (35/102) and less patients transported to hospital (p = 0.019). Public basic life support courses, an app-based first-responder alarm system, Kids Save Lives activities and a prehospital extracorporeal CPR (eCPR) service were paused during the peak of the pandemic.
CONCLUSION: In our region, bystander CPR in witnessed OHCA cases as well as the number of patients transported to hospital significantly decreased during the first pandemic wave. Several important parts of the resuscitation landscape were paused. The COVID-19 pandemic impedes OHCA care, which leads to additional casualties. Countermeasures should be taken.},
}
@article {pmid35585397,
year = {2022},
author = {Silber, S},
title = {.},
journal = {MMW Fortschritte der Medizin},
volume = {164},
number = {10},
pages = {20-22},
doi = {10.1007/s15006-022-1029-2},
pmid = {35585397},
issn = {1613-3560},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases ; Heart Disease Risk Factors ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; },
}
@article {pmid35585149,
year = {2022},
author = {Belval, EJ and Bayham, J and Thompson, MP and Dilliott, J and Buchwald, AG},
title = {Modeling the systemic risks of COVID-19 on the wildland firefighting workforce.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {8320},
pmid = {35585149},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {18-JV-11221636-099//Colorado State University (CSU)/ ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Fires ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Wildfires ; Workforce ; },
abstract = {Wildfire management in the US relies on a complex nationwide network of shared resources that are allocated based on regional need. While this network bolsters firefighting capacity, it may also provide pathways for transmission of infectious diseases between fire sites. In this manuscript, we review a first attempt at building an epidemiological model adapted to the interconnected fire system, with the aims of supporting prevention and mitigation efforts along with understanding potential impacts to workforce capacity. Specifically, we developed an agent-based model of COVID-19 built on historical wildland fire assignments using detailed dispatch data from 2016-2018, which form a network of firefighters dispersed spatially and temporally across the US. We used this model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 transmission under several intervention scenarios including vaccination and social distancing. We found vaccination and social distancing are effective at reducing transmission at fire incidents. Under a scenario assuming High Compliance with recommended mitigations (including vaccination), infection rates, number of outbreaks, and worker days missed are effectively negligible, suggesting the recommended interventions could successfully mitigate the risk of cascading infections between fires. Under a contrasting Low Compliance scenario, it is possible for cascading outbreaks to emerge leading to relatively high numbers of worker days missed. As the model was built in 2021 before the emergence of the Delta and Omicron variants, the modeled viral parameters and isolation/quarantine policies may have less relevance to 2022, but nevertheless underscore the importance of following basic prevention and mitigation guidance. This work could set the foundation for future modeling efforts focused on mitigating spread of infectious disease at wildland fire incidents to manage both the health of fire personnel and system capacity.},
}
@article {pmid35584986,
year = {2022},
author = {Cheng, S and Zhao, Y and Kaminga, AC and Wang, X and Zhang, X and Xu, H},
title = {COVID-19 Containment: Comparisons and Suggestions for Global Response.},
journal = {Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {469580221086142},
doi = {10.1177/00469580221086142},
pmid = {35584986},
issn = {1945-7243},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control ; China/epidemiology ; Government ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Public Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The 2019-nCoV (COVID-19) is spreading at an alarming rate worldwide. Therefore, it is currently one of the biggest global health challenges. This research review describes the differences in response to the coronavirus epidemic between countries across the world. In addition, an opinion that the experience of China in response against the epidemic would play an important role globally in the battle against the novel coronavirus has been discussed as well as the insufficient and delayed response by other countries.
OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of China's experience in the control and prevention of the COVID-19, and compare it to that of other countries.
METHODS: Relevant literature for this review was obtained from the Chinese government website; the World Health Organization website; Johns Hopkins University website; the European Centre for Disease Prevention website; and the PubMed databases. In addition, related news channels were used to obtain information.
RESULTS: China's experience in the fight against COVID-19 provides valuable insight into the handling of this epidemic, and suggests that promoting cooperation between countries is imperative for effective control and prevention measures against this global virus pandemic.
CONCLUSIONS: China's experience suggests that the following measures were effective in the fight against COVID-19: "social isolation," "medical observation," "social distancing" or "limited contact with people," "self-protection," and combined modern public health intervention measures. These findings could help control outbreaks in other countries and regions across the world.},
}
@article {pmid35583528,
year = {2022},
author = {Mohsin, M and Mahmud, S},
title = {Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern: A review on its transmissibility, immune evasion, reinfection, and severity.},
journal = {Medicine},
volume = {101},
number = {19},
pages = {e29165},
pmid = {35583528},
issn = {1536-5964},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Reinfection ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {ABSTRACT: Omicron, the new Covid-19 variant, has already become dominant in many countries and is spreading at an unprecedented speed. The objective of this study was to review the existing literature on Omicron's transmissibility, immune evasion, reinfection, and severity.A literature search was performed using "PubMed," "Web of Science," "Scopus," "ScienceDirect," "Google Scholar," "medRxiv," and "bioRxiv." Data were extracted from articles that reported at least one of the following: transmissibility, immune evasion, reinfection, and severity related to Omicron.We found that Omicron spread faster than any other variant. This higher transmissibility can be ascribed to its extraordinary ability to evade the immunity developed by both vaccination and previous infections. However, we found that infections by Omicron were significantly less severe than those caused by Delta and other previous variants. We observed a significantly lower incidence of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, and mechanical ventilator use in Omicron infections than in Delta or other variants. A substantially shorter median hospital stay and lower fatality rate were also observed in the Omicron infections. Despite Omicron's higher potential to evade immunity, vaccines and booster shots were found to be still significantly effective in protecting against severe Covid-19 infections.Omicrons may be less severe than other variants of concern. However, its immune evasiveness and rapid spread pose an enormous threat to the global healthcare system.},
}
@article {pmid35324269,
year = {2022},
author = {Vardhana, S and Baldo, L and Morice, WG and Wherry, EJ},
title = {Understanding T cell responses to COVID-19 is essential for informing public health strategies.},
journal = {Science immunology},
volume = {7},
number = {71},
pages = {eabo1303},
doi = {10.1126/sciimmunol.abo1303},
pmid = {35324269},
issn = {2470-9468},
abstract = {Durable T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens after infection or vaccination improve immune-mediated viral clearance. To date, population-based surveys of COVID-19 adaptive immunity have focused on testing for IgG antibodies that bind spike protein and/or neutralize the virus. Deployment of existing methods for measuring T cell immunity could provide a more complete profile of immune status, informing public health policies and interventions.},
}
@article {pmid35274321,
year = {2022},
author = {Xiao, F and Wan, P and Wei, Q and Wei, G and Yu, Y},
title = {Prolonged fecal shedding of SARS-CoV-2 in a young immunocompetent COVID-19 patient: A case report and literature overview.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {94},
number = {7},
pages = {3133-3137},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.27694},
pmid = {35274321},
issn = {1096-9071},
support = {//Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province/ ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/diagnosis ; Feces ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Virus Shedding ; },
abstract = {Clinicians are facing several challenges in tackling coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); one issue is prolonged detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Here, we describe a case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a young immunocompetent patient with a virological course lasting for 71 days. Following antiviral treatment, but no additional glucocorticoid or interferon therapy, the patient recovered from COVID-19 pneumonia (moderate). Detection of viral RNA via throat swabs showed negative results. However, the viral RNA reappeared and persisted in stool samples for an additional 27 days, while the patient remained asymptomatic and exhibited no abnormal signs. This case indicates that SARS-CoV-2 can result in a prolonged fecal RNA shedding, even in an immunocompetent patient with zero exposure to immunosuppressive therapies.},
}
@article {pmid35100631,
year = {2022},
author = {Salvador-Pinos, CA and Martinez, EZ and Dueñas-Matute, SE and Aguinaga, RR and Jácome, JC and Michelena-Tupiza, S and Cárdenas-Morales, V},
title = {Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review.},
journal = {Revista brasileira de ginecologia e obstetricia : revista da Federacao Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetricia},
volume = {44},
number = {3},
pages = {311-318},
doi = {10.1055/s-0041-1741449},
pmid = {35100631},
issn = {1806-9339},
mesh = {Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present article presents a literature review concerning the microbiota of breast milk and the influence of epigenetics in the susceptibility to COVID-19.
METHODS: A literature review.
RESULTS: Breastfeeding transfers microbiota, nutrients, diverse white blood cells, prebiotics, hormones, and antibodies to the baby, which provide short- and long-term immunological protection against several infectious, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. The little evidence available shows that breast milk very rarely carries the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and even in those cases, it has been discarded as the source of contagion.
CONCLUSION: The reviewed studies show evidence of a beneficial effect of breastfeeding and highlights its importance on the current pandemic due to the immune reinforcement that it provides. Breastfed individuals showed better clinical response due to the influence on the microbiota and to the nutritional and immune contribution provided by breast milk, compared with those who were not breastfed.},
}
@article {pmid35589144,
year = {2022},
author = {Asamani, JA and Ismaila, H and Okoroafor, SC and Frimpong, KA and Oduro-Mensah, E and Chebere, M and Ahmat, A and Nabyonga-Orem, J and Christmals, CD and Nyoni, J and Kuma-Aboagye, P},
title = {Cost analysis of health workforce investments for COVID-19 response in Ghana.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {7},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2022-008941},
pmid = {35589144},
issn = {2059-7908},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic had multiple adverse impacts on the health workforce that constrained their capacity to contain and combat the disease. To mitigate the impact of the pandemic on the Ghanaian health workforce, the government implemented a strategy to recruit qualified but unemployed health workers to fill staffing gaps and incentivise all public sector health workers. This paper estimated the cost of the new recruitments and incentives given to health workers and presented lessons for health workforce planning in future health emergencies towards health systems resilience. Between March and November 2020, 45 107 health workers were recruited, representing a 35% boost in the public sector health workforce capacity, and an increase in the recurrent public health sector wage bill by about GHS103 229 420 (US$17 798 176) per month, and about GHS1.24 billion (US$213.58 million) per annum. To incentivise the health workforce, the government announced a waiver of personal income taxes for all health workers in the public sector from April to December 2020 and offered a 50% additional allowance to some health workers. We estimate that the Government of Ghana spent about GH¢16.93 million (equivalent to US$2.92 million) monthly as COVID-19 response incentives, which translates into US$35 million by the end of 2020. Ghana invested considerably in health workforce recruitment and incentives to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an almost 37% increase in the public sector wage bill. Strengthening investments in decent employment, protection and safety for the health workforce using the various resources are helpful in addressing future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid35588952,
year = {2022},
author = {Debbi, L and Guo, S and Shulamit, DS and Levenberg, },
title = {Boosting extracellular vesicle secretion.},
journal = {Biotechnology advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107983},
doi = {10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107983},
pmid = {35588952},
issn = {1873-1899},
abstract = {In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, have emerged as a promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of pathologies, such as cancer and COVID-19, as well as promoting tissue regeneration in various conditions, including cardiomyopathies and spinal cord injuries. Despite the great potential of EV-based therapies, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain big challenges to overcome to translate these types of treatment to clinical practices. Here, we review different strategies for enhancing EV yield by physical, biological or chemical means. Some of these novel approaches can lead to about 100-fold increase in EV production yield, thus bringing closer the clinical translation with regard to scalability and efficiency.},
}
@article {pmid35588767,
year = {2022},
author = {Mañón, VA and Balandran, S and Young, S and Wong, M and Melville, JC},
title = {COVID-Associated Avascular Necrosis of the Maxilla-A Rare, New Side Effect of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2022.04.015},
pmid = {35588767},
issn = {1531-5053},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to present an interesting, rare case of a patient who experienced avascular necrosis of the maxilla associated with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS AND RESULTS: Our team retrospectively evaluated this patient's chart after completion of surgical management. The patient is a 72-year-old male who presented to the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston for surgical management of his infarcted maxilla, which developed as a sequela of infection with COVID-19. A literature review was completed using PubMed. Twenty-five articles are reviewed and discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: Infection with COVID-19 confers a hypercoagulable state in patients, leading to various complications in the head and neck region. In our case report, we present a patient who developed avascular necrosis of the maxilla secondary to infection with COVID-19. Thromboembolic prophylaxis is imperative in COVID-19 patients due to the high rate of potential systemic complications.},
}
@article {pmid35588340,
year = {2022},
author = {Gupta, GS},
title = {The Lactate and the Lactate Dehydrogenase in Inflammatory Diseases and Major Risk Factors in COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {Inflammation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35588340},
issn = {1573-2576},
abstract = {Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a terminating enzyme in the metabolic pathway of anaerobic glycolysis with end product of lactate from glucose. The lactate formation is crucial in the metabolism of glucose when oxygen is in inadequate supply. Lactate can also be formed and utilised by different cell types under fully aerobic conditions. Blood LDH is the marker enzyme, which predicts mortality in many conditions such as ARDS, serious COVID-19 and cancer patients. Lactate plays a critical role in normal physiology of humans including an energy source, a signaling molecule and a pH regulator. Depending on the pH, lactate exists as the protonated acidic form (lactic acid) at low pH or as sodium salt (sodium lactate) at basic pH. Lactate can affect the immune system and act as a signaling molecule, which can provide a "danger" signal for life. Several reports provide evidence that the serum lactate represents a chemical marker of severity of disease similar to LDH under inflammatory conditions. Since the mortality rate is much higher among COVID-19 patients, associated with high serum LDH, this article is aimed to review the LDH as a therapeutic target and lactate as potential marker for monitoring treatment response of inflammatory diseases. Finally, the review summarises various LDH inhibitors, which offer potential applications as therapeutic agents for inflammatory diseases, associated with high blood LDH. Both blood LDH and blood lactate are suggested as risk factors for the mortality of patients in serious inflammatory diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35588043,
year = {2022},
author = {Trifan, G and Testai, FD},
title = {Neurological Manifestations of Myocarditis.},
journal = {Current neurology and neuroscience reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35588043},
issn = {1534-6293},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review discusses the neurological complications associated with myocarditis of different etiologies.
RECENT FINDINGS: Myocarditis can be idiopathic or caused by different conditions, including toxins, infections, or inflammatory diseases. Clinical findings are variable and range from mild self-limited shortness of breath or chest pain to hemodynamic instability which may result in cardiogenic shock and death. Several neurologic manifestations can be seen in association with myocarditis. Tissue remodeling, fibrosis, and myocyte dysfunction can result in heart failure and arrhythmias leading to intracardiac thrombus formation and cardioembolism. In addition, peripheral neuropathies, status epilepticus, or myasthenia gravis have been reported in association with specific types of myocarditis. Multiple studies suggest the increasing risk of neurologic complications in patients with myocarditis. Neurologists should maintain a high suspicion of myocarditis in cases presenting with both cardiovascular and neurological dysfunction without a clear etiology.},
}
@article {pmid35587228,
year = {2022},
author = {Grist, TM and Canon, CL and Fishman, EK and Kohi, MP and Mossa-Basha, M},
title = {Short-, Mid-, and Long-Term Strategies to Manage the Shortage of Iohexol.},
journal = {Radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {221183},
doi = {10.1148/radiol.221183},
pmid = {35587228},
issn = {1527-1315},
abstract = {Recent disruptions in a pharmaceutical supply chain critical to radiologic imaging has impacted the global availability of iohexol iodinated contrast media (ICM). The shortage of iohexol has created a national crisis in the ability of radiology departments to provide health care to patients needing contrast-enhanced exams. Radiology departments are familiar with crisis management after more than two years of clinical and operational disruptions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The implications of this shortage has near-term (weeks), mid-term (months), and long term (years) impact. The purpose of this report is to provide the reader with strategies for dealing with the shortage of ICM in the near term and discuss long-term issues and potential solutions to supply chain problems impacting radiology departments.},
}
@article {pmid35587190,
year = {2022},
author = {Basavaraju, S and Mishra, S and Jindal, R and Kesavardhana, S},
title = {Emerging Role of ZBP1 in Z-RNA Sensing, Influenza Virus-Induced Cell Death, and Pulmonary Inflammation.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0040122},
doi = {10.1128/mbio.00401-22},
pmid = {35587190},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {Influenza viruses cause respiratory tract infections, which lead to human disease outbreaks and pandemics. Influenza A virus (IAV) circulates in diverse animal species, predominantly aquatic birds. This often results in the emergence of novel viral strains causing severe human disease upon zoonotic transmission. Innate immune sensing of the IAV infection promotes host cell death and inflammatory responses to confer antiviral host defense. Dysregulated respiratory epithelial cell death and excessive proinflammatory responses drive immunopathology in highly pathogenic influenza infections. Here, we discuss the critical mechanisms regulating IAV-induced cell death and proinflammatory responses. We further describe the essential role of the Z-form nucleic acid sensor ZBP1/DAI and RIPK3 in triggering apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis during IAV infection and their impact on host defense and pathogenicity in vivo. We also discuss the functional importance of ZBP1-RIPK3 signaling in recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other viral infections. Understanding these mechanisms of RNA virus-induced cytopathic and pathogenic inflammatory responses is crucial for targeting pathogenic lung infections and human respiratory illness.},
}
@article {pmid35587031,
year = {2022},
author = {Juneja, M and Suthar, T and Pardhi, VP and Ahmad, J and Jain, K},
title = {Emerging trends and promises of nanoemulsions in therapeutics of infectious diseases.},
journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2217/nnm-2022-0006},
pmid = {35587031},
issn = {1748-6963},
abstract = {Infectious diseases are prevalent and have contributed to high morbidity rates by creating havoc like the COVID-19, 1918 influenza and Black Death (the plague) pandemics. Antimicrobial resistance, adverse effects, the emergence of co-infections and the high cost of antimicrobial therapies are major threats to the health of people worldwide while impacting overall healthcare and socioeconomic development. One of the most common ways to address this issue lies in improving existing antimicrobial drug-delivery systems. Nanoemulsions and their modified forms have been successfully employed for the delivery of antimicrobials to treat infectious diseases. In this article, the authors comprehensively reviewed how nanoemulsion-based formulation systems are shifting the paradigm for therapeutics and diagnosis of infectious diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35586973,
year = {2022},
author = {Sanchez-Lastra, MA and López-Valenciano, A and Suárez-Iglesias, D and Ayán, C},
title = {[Estimación del aumento global del tiempo de sedentarismo durante los confinamientos de la COVID-19: una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis.].},
journal = {Revista espanola de salud publica},
volume = {96},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35586973},
issn = {2173-9110},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Las estrategias restrictivas de movilidad derivadas de la pandemia por COVID-19 podrían afectar negativamente al estado de salud de la población debido a la disminución de los niveles de actividad física. El objetivo de este estudio es estimar el aumento del tiempo de sedentarismo durante los confinamientos en comparación con la situación anterior al brote de COVID-19 en muestras de población adulta de diferentes países del mundo.
METHODS: Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en tres bases de datos electrónicas, hasta el 27 de febrero de 2021, de estudios que informaran sobre el tiempo total de sedentarismo antes y durante los confinamientos por COVID-19 utilizando una herramienta validada. Se realizó un metanálisis utilizando modelos de efectos aleatorios para calcular las diferencias de medias ponderadas en el tiempo sedentario diario total antes y durante los confinamientos. El análisis se repitió estratificado y comparando por sexo.
RESULTS: Se incluyeron 20 estudios, con una calidad metodológica buena (n=15) y regular (n=5). Para el metanálisis se agruparon los datos de 18 estudios, con 47.245 participantes. Los confinamientos por COVID-19 en todo el mundo condujeron a un aumento medio ponderado de 2,40 horas diarias en el tiempo total de comportamiento sedentario (intervalo de confianza del 95%: 1,95; 2,85). El análisis estratificado y comparativo por sexo en 8 estudios indicó un aumento similar para mujeres (n=20.455) y hombres (n=11.825).
CONCLUSIONS: El tiempo total de sedentarismo diario aumentó en 2,40 horas en todo el mundo durante los confinamientos en comparación con la situación anterior al brote de COVID-19, sin diferencias significativas entre sexos.},
}
@article {pmid35586794,
year = {2022},
author = {Geraldi, A and Puspaningsih, NNT and Khairunnisa, F},
title = {Update on the Development of Toehold Switch-Based Approach for Molecular Diagnostic Tests of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of nucleic acids},
volume = {2022},
number = {},
pages = {7130061},
doi = {10.1155/2022/7130061},
pmid = {35586794},
issn = {2090-0201},
abstract = {A high volume of diagnostic tests is needed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to obtain representative results. These results can help to design and implement effective policies to prevent the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Diagnosis using current gold standard methods, i.e., real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), is challenging, especially in areas with limited trained personnel and health-related infrastructure. The toehold switch-based diagnostic system is a promising alternative method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 that has advantages such as inexpensive cost per testing, rapid, and highly sensitive and specific analysis. Moreover, the system can be applied to paper-based platforms, simplifying the distribution and utilization in low-resource settings. This review provides insight into the development of toehold switch-based diagnostic devices as the most recent methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid35586771,
year = {2022},
author = {Akashi, H and Kodoi, H and Noda, S and Tamura, T and Baba, H and Chinda, E and Thandar, MM and Naito, K and Watanabe, Y and Suzuki, Y and Narita, T and Shimazu, T},
title = {Reporting on the implementation to set up a "care and isolation facility" for mild COVID-19 cases in Tokyo.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {71-77},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01022},
pmid = {35586771},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {The increasing number of COVID-19 cases has placed pressure on medical facilities. Against this backdrop, the Tokyo Metropolitan Government established a facility for mild and asymptomatic COVID-19 cases by using existing hotels. These kinds of facilities were established in several countries, and represented a spectrum from hotel-like to hospital-like care. In this article, we focused on implementation and related strategies for establishing such a facility in Tokyo as implementation research, while ensuring patient and staff safety. This facility had three functions: care, isolation, and buffering. For the implementation strategy, we used several strategies from the Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) to implement functions similar to an ordinary hospital, but using fewer inputs. This experience can be applied to other resource-limited settings such as that in less developed countries.},
}
@article {pmid35586766,
year = {2022},
author = {Machida, M and Wada, K},
title = {Public health responses to COVID-19 in Japan.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {78-82},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01025},
pmid = {35586766},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {Two years have passed since the confirmation of the first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Japan. The aim of this article was to review the public health responses to COVID-19 in Japan. As of January 31, 2022, COVID-19-positive cases have cumulatively totaled 2,669,638 and deaths cases have cumulatively totaled 18,784. To deter COVID-19 transmission in the community, the government declared a state of emergency to minimize the impact on people's livelihoods and the economy. The prefectural (province) governor of an area under a "State of Emergency" may request special action to prevent the spread of infection among residents. A nationwide campaign, Avoid the "3 Cs" (Closed spaces, Crowded spaces, and Close-contact settings), has been widely acknowledged to have controlled infection in high-risk areas. In Japan, COVID-19 vaccines were supplied by Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca. Pfizer's vaccine received regulatory approval in Japan in February 2021, and Moderna and AstraZeneca's did so in May 2021. Public health centers (PHCs) under the jurisdiction of local governments are responsible for conducting Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing, coordinating the treatment of COVID-19-positive patients, and identifying persons in close contact with COVID-19 patients through an epidemiological study of each positive case. These public health responses have been implemented based on the assessment of the impact of each variant and support from a government panel of experts. Further studies may be need to be conducted develop more flexible and efficient public health responses.},
}
@article {pmid35586765,
year = {2022},
author = {Tomidokoro, D and Hiroi, Y},
title = {Cardiovascular considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic: A focused review for practice in Japan.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {101-107},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01006},
pmid = {35586765},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is continuing to have drastic consequences for patients, healthcare workers, and the health system. Its cardiovascular implications have been well described in previous studies, but original reports from Japan are sparse. Validating overseas findings in the Japanese clinical settings is crucial to improve local COVID-19 care and to clarify the pandemic's impacts in the country. This review of available literature demonstrates that in Japanese patients and clinical settings too, there is a close relationship between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system including cardiovascular complications. On the contrary, secondary effects on cardiovascular practice including service disruptions, telemedicine, and epidemiological changes in Japan have been relatively small.},
}
@article {pmid35586763,
year = {2022},
author = {Ohmagari, N},
title = {How did the Tokyo Metropolitan Government respond to COVID-19?.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {67-70},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01017},
pmid = {35586763},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {Tokyo Metropolitan Area is the most populous metropolitan area in the world. While cities around the world are struggling to cope with COVID-19, the number of new positives and deaths in Tokyo has so far been relatively contained compared to other large metropolitan areas. In Japan, infection control measures do not prohibit people from moving around during a COVID-19 outbreak. However, people are not only refraining from travel and social activities at the request of the government, but are also using their own judgment to avoid risk based on information about the infectious disease. This plays an extremely important role in Japans infection control measures. Expectations are high in Japan for maintaining the health care system and minimizing deaths. It is necessary to steadily respond to these expectations while normalizing social functions.},
}
@article {pmid35586759,
year = {2022},
author = {Matsunaga, A and Tsuzuki, S and Morioka, S and Ohmagari, N and Ishizaka, Y},
title = {Long COVID: current status in Japan and knowledge about its molecular background.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {83-93},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01013},
pmid = {35586759},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {Even after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), patients can experience prolonged complaints, referred to as "long COVID". Similar to reports in Caucasians, a follow-up study in Japan revealed that fatigue, dyspnea, cough, anosmia/dysgeusia, and dyssomnia are common symptoms. Although the precise mode of long COVID remains elusive, multiple etiologies such as direct organ damage by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), autoimmunity, prolonged inflammatory reactions, and psychiatric impairment seem to be involved. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 is neurotropic, and viral RNA and proteins are continuously detectable in multiple organs, including the brain. Viral proteins exert a number of different toxic effects on cells, suggesting that persistent infection is a key element for understanding long COVID. Here, we first reviewed the current status of long COVID in Japan, and then summarized literature that help us understand the molecular background of the symptoms. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of vaccination as a treatment for patients with long COVID.},
}
@article {pmid35586758,
year = {2022},
author = {Katagiri, D},
title = {For safe and adequate blood purification therapy in severe COVID-19 ‒ what we have learned so far.},
journal = {Global health & medicine},
volume = {4},
number = {2},
pages = {94-100},
doi = {10.35772/ghm.2022.01004},
pmid = {35586758},
issn = {2434-9194},
abstract = {Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as an increase in serum creatinine within 48 h or 1 week, or a decrease in urine output within 6-24 h. Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) plays an important role in patients with severe AKI. In addition to direct cytotoxicity caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience endothelial cell damage, increased thrombogenic inflammation, and impaired immune responses. It has been reported that the more severe the case, the greater overproduction of cytokines and the more advanced the multiorgan failure. The kidney is widely recognized as one of the primary target organs; and COVID-19 positive AKI has been reported to have a greater rate of subsequent decline in renal function than COVID-19 negative AKI. Blood purification therapy has been used to prevent or alleviate organ damage in patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Cytokine regulation is one of the primary therapeutic goals for these patients. Even with the widespread use of vaccines and antibody therapy, a certain percentage of patients develop moderate-to-severe diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35586712,
year = {2022},
author = {Barbas, CSV},
title = {Thoracic Computed Tomography to Assess ARDS and COVID-19 Lungs.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {829534},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2022.829534},
pmid = {35586712},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {This review was designed to discuss the role of thoracic-computed tomography (CT) in the evaluation and treatment of patients with ARDS and COVID-19 lung disease. Non-aerated lungs characterize the ARDS lungs, compared to normal lungs in the lowermost lung regions, compressive atelectasis. Heterogenous ARDS lungs have a tomographic vertical gradient characterized by progressively more aerated lung tissues from the gravity-dependent to gravity-independent lungs levels. The application of positive pressure ventilation to these heterogeneous ARDS lungs provides some areas of high shear stress, others of tidal hyperdistension or tidal recruitment that increases the chances of appearance and perpetuation of ventilator-induced lung injury. Other than helping to the correct diagnosis of ARDS, thoracic-computed tomography can help to the adjustments of PEEP, ideal tidal volume, and a better choice of patient position during invasive mechanical ventilation. Thoracic tomography can also help detect possible intra-thoracic complications and in the follow-up of the ARDS patients' evolution during their hospital stay. In COVID-19 patients, thoracic-computed tomography was the most sensitive imaging technique for diagnosing pulmonary involvement. The most common finding is diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, ranging from ground-glass opacities to parenchymal consolidations, especially in the lower portions of the lungs' periphery. Tomographic lung volume loss was associated with an increased risk for oxygenation support and patient intubation and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary dual-energy angio-tomography in COVID-19 patients showed a significant number of pulmonary ischemic areas even in the absence of visible pulmonary arterial thrombosis, which may reflect micro-thrombosis associated with COVID-19 pneumonia. A greater thoracic tomography severity score in ARDS was independently related to poor outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid35586196,
year = {2022},
author = {Olga, J and Regina, H and Alena, S and David, P and Michaela, L and Malinska, HA and Jan, M},
title = {Conventional and Nonconventional Sources of Exosomes-Isolation Methods and Influence on Their Downstream Biomedical Application.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {846650},
doi = {10.3389/fmolb.2022.846650},
pmid = {35586196},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Despite extensive study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes (EXs) as biomarkers, important modulators of physiological or pathological processes, or therapeutic agents, relatively little is known about nonconventional sources of EXs, such as invertebrate or plant EXs, and their uses. Likewise, there is no clear information on the overview of storage conditions and currently used isolation methods, including new ones, such as microfluidics, which fundamentally affect the characterization of EXs and their other biomedical applications. The purpose of this review is to briefly summarize conventional and nonconventional sources of EXs, storage conditions and typical isolation methods, widely used kits and new "smart" technologies with emphasis on the influence of isolation techniques on EX content, protein detection, RNA, mRNA and others. At the same time, attention is paid to a brief overview of the direction of biomedical application of EXs, especially in diagnostics, therapy, senescence and aging and, with regard to the current situation, in issues related to Covid-19.},
}
@article {pmid35586072,
year = {2022},
author = {Torres-Sangiao, E and Giddey, AD and Leal Rodriguez, C and Tang, Z and Liu, X and Soares, NC},
title = {Proteomic Approaches to Unravel Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and Immune Evasion of Bacterial Pathogens.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {850374},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.850374},
pmid = {35586072},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The profound effects of and distress caused by the global COVID-19 pandemic highlighted what has been known in the health sciences a long time ago: that bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites continue to present a major threat to human health. Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death worldwide, with antibiotic resistance increasing exponentially due to a lack of new treatments. In addition to this, many pathogens share the common trait of having the ability to modulate, and escape from, the host immune response. The challenge in medical microbiology is to develop and apply new experimental approaches that allow for the identification of both the microbe and its drug susceptibility profile in a time-sensitive manner, as well as to elucidate their molecular mechanisms of survival and immunomodulation. Over the last three decades, proteomics has contributed to a better understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial drug resistance and pathogenicity. Proteomics has gained new momentum as a result of recent advances in mass spectrometry. Indeed, mass spectrometry-based biomedical research has been made possible thanks to technological advances in instrumentation capability and the continuous improvement of sample processing and workflows. For example, high-throughput applications such as SWATH or Trapped ion mobility enable the identification of thousands of proteins in a matter of minutes. This type of rapid, in-depth analysis, combined with other advanced, supportive applications such as data processing and artificial intelligence, presents a unique opportunity to translate knowledge-based findings into measurable impacts like new antimicrobial biomarkers and drug targets. In relation to the Research Topic "Proteomic Approaches to Unravel Mechanisms of Resistance and Immune Evasion of Bacterial Pathogens," this review specifically seeks to highlight the synergies between the powerful fields of modern proteomics and microbiology, as well as bridging translational opportunities from biomedical research to clinical practice.},
}
@article {pmid35585196,
year = {2022},
author = {Choutka, J and Jansari, V and Hornig, M and Iwasaki, A},
title = {Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {911-923},
pmid = {35585196},
issn = {1546-170X},
support = {N/A//Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI)/ ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is not unique in its ability to cause post-acute sequelae; certain acute infections have long been associated with an unexplained chronic disability in a minority of patients. These post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs) represent a substantial healthcare burden, but there is a lack of understanding of the underlying mechanisms, representing a significant blind spot in the field of medicine. The relatively similar symptom profiles of individual PAISs, irrespective of the infectious agent, as well as the overlap of clinical features with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), suggest the potential involvement of a common etiopathogenesis. In this Review, we summarize what is known about unexplained PAISs, provide context for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), and delineate the need for basic biomedical research into the underlying mechanisms behind this group of enigmatic chronic illnesses.},
}
@article {pmid35579874,
year = {2022},
author = {Marchionatti, LE and Caye, A and Kieling, C},
title = {The mental health of children and young people living in big cities in a revolving postpandemic world.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {200-206},
pmid = {35579874},
issn = {1473-6578},
mesh = {Adolescent ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Cities ; Humans ; *Mental Health ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Urbanization ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The world's population is increasingly urban, with most children and young people growing up and living in cities. Evidence suggests that urbanicity is linked to an increased risk for the development of mental health disorders. Rather than an accumulation of risk factors, urbanization is a complex process that profoundly structures living conditions. In this sense, it is timely to discuss what are the social and structural determinants of mental health of children and young people in such settings.
RECENT FINDINGS: Three domains of determinants of mental health were selected for discussion: economics and living conditions, crime and violence, and urban layouts. For each, we debated realities faced by urban children and young people, providing an overview of recent evidence on implications for mental disorders and well being. We also discuss the potential impacts of the covid-19 pandemic on each domain, as well as recommendations for future action.
SUMMARY: Structural factors are of major relevance for the mental health of children and young people living in cities. The agenda of mental health promotion and prevention must include whole-of-society interventions aimed at improving living conditions, including economic and social capital, violence prevention and urbanistic planning.},
}
@article {pmid35579557,
year = {2022},
author = {Anderson, M and Pitchforth, E and Edwards, N and Alderwick, H and McGuire, A and Mossialos, E},
title = {United Kingdom: Health System Review.},
journal = {Health systems in transition},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {1-194},
pmid = {35579557},
issn = {1817-6127},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; European Union ; Humans ; Quality of Health Care ; *State Medicine ; United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {This analysis provides a review of developments in financing, governance, organisation and delivery, health reforms and performance of the health systems in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom has enjoyed a national health service with access based on clinical need, and not ability to pay for over 70 years. This has provided several important benefits including protection against the financial consequences of ill-health, redistribution of wealth from rich to poor, and relatively low administrative costs. Despite this, the United Kingdom continues to lag behind many other comparable high-income countries in key measures including life expectancy, infant mortality and cancer survival. Total health spending in the United Kingdom is slightly above the average for Europe, but it is below many other comparable high-income countries such as Germany, France and Canada. The United Kingdom also has relatively lower levels of doctors, nurses, hospital beds and equipment than many other comparable high-income countries. Wider social determinants of health also contribute to poor outcomes, and the United Kingdom has one of the highest levels of income inequality in Europe. Devolution of responsibility for health care services since the late 1990s to Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland has resulted in divergence in policies between countries, including in prescription charges, and eligibility for publicly funded social care services. However, more commonalities than differences remain between these health care systems. The United Kingdom initially experienced one of the highest death rates associated with COVID-19; however, the success and speed of the United Kingdom's vaccination programme has since improved the United Kingdom's performance in this respect. Principal health reforms in each country are focusing on facilitating cross-sectoral partnerships and promoting integration of services in a manner that improves the health and well-being of local populations. These include the establishment of integrated care systems in England, integrated joint boards in Scotland, regional partnership boards in Wales and integrated partnership boards in Northern Ireland. Policies are also being developed to align the social care funding model closer to the National Health Service funding model. These include a cap on costs over an individual's lifetime in England, and a national care service free at the point of need in Scotland and Wales. Currently, and for the future, significant investment is needed to address major challenges including a growing backlog of elective care, and staffing shortfalls exacerbated by Brexit.},
}
@article {pmid35576302,
year = {2022},
author = {Anvekar, P and Lohana, P and Kalaiger, AM and Ali, SR and , },
title = {Covid-19 Induced Catatonia: A Review Of This Rare Phenomenon.},
journal = {Journal of Ayub Medical College, Abbottabad : JAMC},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {357-359},
doi = {10.55519/JAMC-02-9899},
pmid = {35576302},
issn = {1819-2718},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; *Catatonia/diagnosis/etiology/psychology ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome characterized by numerous clinical features, a few being stupors which is the most common sign, posturing, forced grasping, echopraxia, etc. There have been cases documented in the literature of Catatonia occurring with COVID-19. This article will focus on the complete and brief overview of catatonia observed in patients with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: We outline the evidence of the pathophysiology of COVID-19 in the CNS system, the effect of the virus in inducing catatonia, and its outcome. The literature used in the article is mostly case reports from different parts of the world thus; we have generalized our review taking into consideration multiple factors.
RESULTS: In patients with COVID-19, neuropsychiatric manifestations are very commonly appreciated. Catatonia has been documented in many patients along with respiratory symptoms such as fever, shortness of breath, and cough. There are multiple etiologies associated with this presentation which have been discussed in detail in this article. In many patients, there was no history of any psychiatric illness. The timing of presenting with catatonic features was also different for different individuals.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has been believed to contribute to the presentation of catatonia. There is no specific timeline between the onset of symptoms and the presence of COVID-19 infection. However, coronavirus can be responsible in a few ways for inducing catatonia in patients with or without any previous psychiatric illness. Therefore, COVID-19 should be considered as one of the major factors in this complex psychiatric disease, catatonia.},
}
@article {pmid35572514,
year = {2022},
author = {MacDougall, M and El-Hajj Sleiman, J and Beauchemin, P and Rangachari, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 and Multiple Sclerosis: Potential for Disease Exacerbation.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {871276},
pmid = {35572514},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19 ; Central Nervous System ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Mice ; *Multiple Sclerosis/etiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {While the respiratory tract is the primary route of entry for SARS-CoV-2, evidence shows that the virus also impacts the central nervous system. Intriguingly, case reports have documented SARS-CoV-2 patients presenting with demyelinating lesions in the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerve, suggesting possible implications in neuroimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and other related neuroimmune disorders. However, the cellular mechanisms underpinning these observations remain poorly defined. The goal of this paper was to review the literature to date regarding possible links between SARS-CoV-2 infection and neuroimmune demyelinating diseases such as MS and its related disorders, with the aim of positing a hypothesis for disease exacerbation. The literature suggests that SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and orthologous murine coronaviruses invade the CNS via the olfactory bulb, spreading to connected structures via retrograde transport. We hypothesize that a glial inflammatory response may contribute to damaged oligodendrocytes and blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, allowing a second route for CNS invasion and lymphocyte infiltration. Potential for molecular mimicry and the stimulation of autoreactive T cells against myelin is also described. It is imperative that further studies on SARS-CoV-2 neuroinvasion address the adverse effects of the virus on myelin and exacerbation of MS symptoms, as nearly 3 million people suffer from MS worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid35570269,
year = {2022},
author = {Brown, GW and Bridge, G and Martini, J and Um, J and Williams, OD and Choupe, LBT and Rhodes, N and Ho, ZJM and Chungong, S and Kandel, N},
title = {The role of health systems for health security: a scoping review revealing the need for improved conceptual and practical linkages.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {51},
pmid = {35570269},
issn = {1744-8603},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Government Programs ; Humans ; Medical Assistance ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Practical links between health systems and health security are historically prevalent, but the conceptual links between these fields remain under explored, with little on health system strengthening. The need to address this gap gains relevance in light of the COVID-19 pandemic as it demonstrated a crucial relationship between health system capacities and effective health security response. Acknowledging the importance of developing stronger and more resilient health systems globally for health emergency preparedness, the WHO developed a Health Systems for Health Security framework that aims to promote a common understanding of what health systems for health security entails whilst identifying key capacities required.
METHODS/ RESULTS: To further explore and analyse the conceptual and practical links between health systems and health security within the peer reviewed literature, a rapid scoping review was carried out to provide an overview of the type, extent and quantity of research available. Studies were included if they had been peer-reviewed and were published in English (seven databases 2000 to 2020). 343 articles were identified, of those 204 discussed health systems and health security (high and medium relevance), 101 discussed just health systems and 47 discussed only health security (low relevance). Within the high and medium relevance articles, several concepts emerged, including the prioritization of health security over health systems, the tendency to treat health security as exceptionalism focusing on acute health emergencies, and a conceptualisation of security as 'state security' not 'human security' or population health.
CONCLUSION: Examples of literature exploring links between health systems and health security are provided. We also present recommendations for further research, offering several investments and/or programmes that could reliably lead to maximal gains from both a health system and a health security perspective, and why these should be explored further. This paper could help researchers and funders when deciding upon the scope, nature and design of future research in this area. Additionally, the paper legitimises the necessity of the Health Systems for Health Security framework, with the findings of this paper providing useful insights and evidentiary examples for effective implementation of the framework.},
}
@article {pmid35567582,
year = {2022},
author = {Lee, B and Ashcroft, T and Agyei-Manu, E and Farfan de los Godos, E and Leow, A and Krishan, P and Kulkarni, D and Nundy, M and Hartnup, K and Shi, T and McSwiggan, E and Nair, H and Theodoratou, E and McQuillan, R and , },
title = {Clinical features of COVID-19 for integration of COVID-19 into influenza surveillance: A systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of global health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {05012},
doi = {10.7189/jogh.12.05012},
pmid = {35567582},
issn = {2047-2986},
support = {C31250/A22804//Cancer Research UK Career Development Fellowship/ ; ISSF3//Wellcome Trust's Institutional Strategic Support Fund/ ; PTAS//Data-Driven Innovation and the Principal's Teaching Awards Scheme/ ; },
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Cough ; Humans ; *Influenza, Human/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Meta-Analysis as Topic ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; *Virus Diseases ; },
abstract = {Background: In November 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) created interim guidance on how to integrate testing for SARS-CoV-2 into existing influenza surveillance systems. Influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) case definitions have been used to specify the case definition of COVID-19 for surveillance purposes. This review aims to assess whether the common clinical features of COVID-19 have changed to the point that the criteria used to identify both COVID-19 and influenza in surveillance programs needs to be altered.
Methods: A systematic review of reviews following PRISMA-P guidelines was conducted using the "COVID-19 evidence review" database from August 19, 2020, to August 19, 2021. Reviews providing pooled estimates of the prevalence of clinical features of COVID-19 within the general population, diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction or rapid diagnostic test, were included. These were critically appraised and sensitivity analysis was undertaken to examine potential causes of bias.
Results: Fourteen reviews were identified, including three on adults only and three on children only. For all reviews, combined fever (median prevalence = 73.0%, IQR = 58.3-78.7) and cough (45.1%, IQR = 28.9-54.0) were the most common features. These were followed by loss of taste or smell (45.1%, IQR = 28.9-54.0), hypoxemia (33%, one review), fatigue (26.4%, IQR = 9.0-39.4) and expectoration (23.9%, IQR = 23.3-25.5). Fever and cough continued to be the most prevalent features for adults and children, with subsequent symptoms being similar for adults only. However, the pattern differed for children, with headache (34.3%, IQR = 18-50.7) and nasal congestion (20%, one review) being the third and fourth commonest symptoms.
Conclusions: The prevalent features found in this recent review were the same as the ones identified at the beginning of the pandemic. Therefore, the current approach of using the ILI and SARI criteria which incorporate fever and cough will identify COVID-19 cases in addition to influenza. Interestingly, children may present with different features, as headaches and nasal congestion were more common in this group. Future research could examine this further and investigate whether symptomology changes with new variants of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35558527,
year = {2022},
author = {Andalib, E and Faghani, M and Zia Ziabari, SM and Shenagari, M and Salehiniya, H and Keivanlou, MH and Rafat, Z},
title = {The Effectiveness of the Anteroom (Vestibule) Area on Hospital Infection Control and Health Staff Safety: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {828845},
pmid = {35558527},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Communicable Diseases ; *Cross Infection/prevention & control ; Humans ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV2 in 2019 showed again that the world's healthcare system is not fully equipped and well-designed for preventing the transmission of nosocomial respiratory infections. One of the great tools for preventing the spread of infectious organisms in hospitals is the anteroom. Several articles have investigated the role of the anteroom in disease control but the lack of a comprehensive study in this field prompted us to provide more in-depth information to fill this gap. Also, this study aimed to assess the necessity to construct an anteroom area for hospital staff members at the entrance of each ward of the hospital, and specify the equipment and facilities which make the anteroom more efficient. Articles were identified through searches of Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, and Embase for studies published in English until May 2020 reporting data on the effect of the anteroom (vestibule) area in controlling hospital infections. Data from eligible articles were extracted and presented according to PRISMA's evidence-based data evaluation search strategy. Also, details around the review aims and methods were registered with the PROSPERO. From the database, 209 articles were identified, of which 25 studies met the study criteria. Most studies demonstrated that an anteroom significantly enhances practical system efficiency. The results showed that the equipment such as ventilation system, high-efficiency particulate absorption filter, hand dispensers, alcohol-based disinfection, sink, mirror, transparent panel, UVC disinfection, and zone for PPE change, and parameters like temperature, door type, pressure, and size of the anteroom are factors that are effective on the safety of the hospital environment. Studies demonstrated that providing an anteroom for changing clothing and storing equipment may be useful in reducing the transmission of airborne infections in hospitals. Since the transmission route of SARS-CoV2 is common with other respiratory infectious agents, it can be concluded that a well-designed anteroom could potentially decrease the risk of SARS-CoV2 transmission during hospitalization as well.},
}
@article {pmid35549576,
year = {2022},
author = {Roque Mazoni, S and Andrade, J and da Silva Antonio, P and Baraldi, S and Frates Cauduro, FL and Fernandes Dos Santos, PH and Ribeiro de Sousa, P and Moura Pinho, DL},
title = {Triage Strategies for COVID-19 Cases: A Scope Review.},
journal = {Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financing},
volume = {59},
number = {},
pages = {469580221095824},
pmid = {35549576},
issn = {1945-7243},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Triage ; },
abstract = {In the midst of the pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), researchers and governmental and non-governmental institutions are mobilizing to implement strategies to face cases of COVID-19. Aim: This study aimed to map the triage strategies for cases of COVID-19, with the purpose of identifying sources in the literature that make it possible to explore the understanding of the strategies in different contexts. A scope review was conducted with searches in the CINAHL Database, PubMed, LILACS and hand-search, considering studies carried out with users of health services and documents published by governmental and non-governmental institutions, between the years 2019 and 2020, resulting in 40 articles for full reading. To explore the key concept, thematic analysis was carried out at two levels: (1) triage strategies, (2) forms and experiences of triage. Five triage strategies were mapped: health services triage; digital triage by remote use of technologies; community triage; home visit triage and airport and port triage. The forms and experiences of mapped triages involved risk classification, diagnosis and definition of conducts or combined. The use of strategies with remote technological resources stands out, as well as the adaptation of existing scales with simple algorithms as a tendency.},
}
@article {pmid35546469,
year = {2022},
author = {Swain, S and Ray, A and Wig, N and Trikha, A},
title = {Desensitization to liposomal amphotericin B after anaphylaxis in a patient with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis - A case with review of literature.},
journal = {Indian journal of pharmacology},
volume = {54},
number = {2},
pages = {150-152},
doi = {10.4103/ijp.ijp_883_21},
pmid = {35546469},
issn = {1998-3751},
mesh = {Amphotericin B/therapeutic use ; *Anaphylaxis/drug therapy/etiology ; Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; Humans ; *Mucormycosis/complications/drug therapy ; },
}
@article {pmid35546013,
year = {2022},
author = {Adiban Afkham, S and Hessami, A and Saghazadeh, A and Rezaei, N},
title = {An overview of possible solutions putting an end to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis},
volume = {93},
number = {2},
pages = {e2022202},
doi = {10.23750/abm.v93i2.12130},
pmid = {35546013},
issn = {2531-6745},
mesh = {Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; RNA, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {In early 2020, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV2, started to spread throughout the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a pandemic on March 5, 2020. This 2020's pandemic has to date caused about 200,000 deaths and is still affecting the lives of people worldwide. No solitary solution can overcome the multidimensional challenges associated with the problem of COVID-19. Here, we provide a rapid overview of possible solutions offered by the epidemiological, pharmacological, immunological, and artificial intelligence fields of science on the COVID-19 pandemic. The simultaneous application of all these solutions might bring the world close to an end to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35462303,
year = {2022},
author = {Domingo, RA and Ramos-Fresnedo, A and Perez-Vega, C and Tripathi, S and Pullen, MW and Martinez, JL and Erben, YM and Meschia, J and Tawk, RG},
title = {Cerebral venous thrombosis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A multi-center experience.},
journal = {Clinical neurology and neurosurgery},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {107256},
doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107256},
pmid = {35462303},
issn = {1872-6968},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; *Intracranial Thrombosis/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Pandemics ; *Vaccines ; *Venous Thrombosis/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of CVT in patients with history of recent COVID-19 infection or vaccination.
METHODS: We reviewed demographic, clinical, and radiographic characteristics of non-pyrogenic, non-traumatic CVT cases at our multi-center institution between March 2020 and December 2021. Patients were grouped according to their history of recent COVID-19 infection or vaccination into group-I (+COVID-19 association) and group-II (-COVID-19 association).
RESULTS: Fifty-one patients with CVT were included, of which 14 (27.4%) had a positive COVID-19 association: 10 with infection and 4 with mRNA-COVID-vaccine. Nine patients in group-I had COVID-19 infection or vaccine within 30 days of CVT diagnosis, including 3 patients with active infection at the time of CVT diagnosis. Half of the patients in group-I (n = 7,50.0%) and 32.4% (n = 12) of group-II were male, and mean age was 52.6 years in group-I and 51.4 years in group-II. Fever at presentation was noted in one patient who had active COVID infection (I=1 (7.1%), II= 0 (0%)). Higher rates of comorbidities were observed in group-II: hypertension (I= 2 (14.3%), II= 13 (35.1%)), deep venous thrombosis(I=1(7.1%), II= 10 (27.0%)), pulmonary emboli (I=1(7.1%), II= 8(21.6%)), or stroke(I=0(0%), II= 6(16.4%)). Three patients had thrombocytopenia at the time of CVT diagnosis (5.4%) and most patients (n = 37, 72.5%) were treated medically with anticoagulation. Complication rate during hospitalization was 17.6% (n = 6), and no mortality was noted.
CONCLUSION: Twenty-seven percent of CVT patients were associated with COVID-19 infection or vaccination, and the majority presented within 30 days of infection/vaccination.},
}
@article {pmid35421266,
year = {2022},
author = {Khoshnood, S and Arshadi, M and Akrami, S and Koupaei, M and Ghahramanpour, H and Shariati, A and Sadeghifard, N and Heidary, M},
title = {An overview on inactivated and live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of clinical laboratory analysis},
volume = {36},
number = {5},
pages = {e24418},
pmid = {35421266},
issn = {1098-2825},
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {After about 2 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first infections were detected in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which was followed by a worldwide pandemic with a record of 5.41 million deaths. Due to urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attempts for producing efficient vaccines are inexhaustibly continuing. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) on COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, there are 149 vaccine candidates all over the world. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as a conventional vaccine platform consist of whole virus particles grown in cell culture and inactivated by chemicals. Because of benefits such as antigenic similarity to real virion inducing humoral and cellular immune responses and ease for transport and storage, these vaccines, including the vaccines produced by Bharat Biotech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac, are in use at large scales. In this study, we have a review on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, population which was included in the trials, vaccine producers, the efficiency, adverse effects, and components of vaccines, and other vaccine features.},
}
@article {pmid35397704,
year = {2022},
author = {Levin, AT and Jylhävä, J and Religa, D and Shallcross, L},
title = {COVID-19 prevalence and mortality in longer-term care facilities.},
journal = {European journal of epidemiology},
volume = {37},
number = {3},
pages = {227-234},
pmid = {35397704},
issn = {1573-7284},
mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {This essay considers the factors that have contributed to very high COVID-19 mortality in longer-term care facilities (LTCFs). We compare the demographic characteristics of LTCF residents with those of community-dwelling older adults, and then we review the evidence regarding prevalence and infection fatality rates (IFRs), including links to frailty and some comorbidities. Finally, we discuss policy measures that could foster the physical and mental health and well-being of LTCF residents in the present context and in potential future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid35279642,
year = {2022},
author = {Mukhopadhyay, S and Mahmood, T},
title = {Healthcare inequalities in antenatal care in the European Region: EBCOG Scientific review.},
journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology},
volume = {272},
number = {},
pages = {55-57},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2022.03.010},
pmid = {35279642},
issn = {1872-7654},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Female ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; *Maternal Health Services ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Care ; },
abstract = {It is now well recognized that unacceptable inequalities in maternity care that exist due to a woman's ethnicity, socio-economic deprivation, age, residential social status within a country can have adverse effects on the outcomes of their pregnancies. Perceived attitudes can lead to dismissal of concerns, breakdown of trust and can affect interactions with maternity services. Women from black and Asian ethnicity are at 2-4 times higher risk of maternal mortality. Similarly women with underlying mental health issues and those with undocumented status are also at higher risk of adverse outcomes during pregnancy and within the first postnatal year. There is need for research, to understand why these different practices exist and how we can more effectively understand and overcome the barriers and factors which can lead to inequality in access to uniform standard of care. Covid-19 pandemic created challenges for the provision of maternity services. Each country responded by their own creative and pragmatic solutions. It is important that individualized care based on a woman's individual social and medical needs must remain a priority to improve maternity care. It is proposed that EU funding should be made available to set up large scale European wide research to inform future policies.},
}
@article {pmid35247374,
year = {2022},
author = {Dean, D},
title = {Virtual article collection on infectious diseases.},
journal = {Progress in biophysics and molecular biology},
volume = {171},
number = {},
pages = {2-3},
doi = {10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.03.001},
pmid = {35247374},
issn = {1873-1732},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Communicable Diseases/diagnosis ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Specifically for COVID-19, we have had several recent articles on SARS-CoV-2. Sohail and Nutini reported on models working to predict the incubation period for SARS-CoV-2 and disease progression. Güler et al. wrote a review of the biophysical and biochemical properties of SARS-CoV-2 which highlighted how the virus's molecular structure allows it to interact and infect cells. These structures are also potential targets for diagnostic and treatment strategies. Lalitha Guruprasad's review on how the various human coronavirus spike proteins interact with human cell proteins and carbohydrate receptors provides further insight on coronavirus-cell interactions as well, and reviews successfully repurposed drugs to combat coronavirus-based diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35235663,
year = {2022},
author = {Chee, YJ and Liew, H and Hoi, WH and Lee, Y and Lim, B and Chin, HX and Lai, RTR and Koh, Y and Tham, M and Seow, CJ and Quek, ZH and Chen, AW and Quek, TPL and Tan, AWK and Dalan, R},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination and Graves' Disease: A Report of 12 Cases and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {e2324-e2330},
doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgac119},
pmid = {35235663},
issn = {1945-7197},
support = {MOH-000014//Ministry of Health, Clinician Scientist/ ; },
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Female ; *Graves Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; Recurrence ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; Young Adult ; mRNA Vaccines ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Thyroid autoimmunity has been reported to be associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination recently. We report a series of patients who presented with new onset or relapse of Graves' disease-related hyperthyroidism shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine at a single tertiary institution in Singapore.
METHODS AND RESULTS: We describe 12 patients who developed hyperthyroidism within a relatively short interval (median onset, 17 [range, 5-63] days) after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The majority were females (11/12) with median age of 35.5 (range, 22-74) years. Six patients had new-onset hyperthyroidism, whereas the other 6 had relapse of previously well-controlled Graves' disease. TSH receptor antibody concentrations ranged from 2.4 to 32 IU/L. The majority of the patients were able to go for the second dose of the vaccine without any further exacerbations. Literature review revealed 21 other similar cases reported from across the world.
CONCLUSION: Our case series provides insight into the characteristics of individuals in whom Graves' disease was triggered by the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Clinicians need to be vigilant of precipitation or exacerbation of autoimmune thyroid disorders in predisposed individuals after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Further epidemiological and mechanistic studies are required to elucidate the possible associations between the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the development of thyroid autoimmunity.},
}
@article {pmid35125397,
year = {2022},
author = {Tan, EJ and Neill, E and Rossell, SL},
title = {Psychotic disorders amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a consideration of risks and impacts.},
journal = {Current opinion in psychiatry},
volume = {35},
number = {3},
pages = {140-145},
pmid = {35125397},
issn = {1473-6578},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a severe and widespread global impact but particularly for those with psychosis. This review summarizes recent evidence on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychotic disorders, highlighting the risks faced by these individuals including the negative impacts on treatment services, complications from contracting COVID-19, and the acceptability of digital interventions.
RECENT FINDINGS: Mortality, morbidity, and infection outcomes are among the worst for individuals with psychotic disorders. Presentation rates for psychotic disorders are elevated at emergency departments compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic; demand for inpatient services has increased, and there have been complications in access because of pandemic restrictions. COVID-19 related stressors have led to the exacerbation and incidence of psychotic symptoms among individuals with and without preexisting psychotic diagnoses. Digital interventions may be an acceptable method for maintaining patient contact and treatment during extended isolation.
SUMMARY: More data is needed on the longitudinal trajectory for psychotic symptoms post-COVID-19 infection and pandemic restrictions to better support individuals with psychotic disorders. Development of a long-term pandemic management plan is needed to monitor and support psychiatric health across the population.},
}
@article {pmid35584583,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Y and Yan, R and Zhou, Q},
title = {ACE2, B0AT1, and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: Structural and functional implications.},
journal = {Current opinion in structural biology},
volume = {74},
number = {},
pages = {102388},
doi = {10.1016/j.sbi.2022.102388},
pmid = {35584583},
issn = {1879-033X},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emerged as a public health crisis and led to tremendous economic devastation. The spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 hijacks the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for virus entry, representing the initial step of viral infection. S is one of the major targets for development of the antiviral drugs, antibodies, and vaccines. ACE2 is a peptidase that plays a physiologically important role in the renin-angiotensin system. Concurrently, it also forms dimer of heterodimer with the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1 to regulate intestinal amino acid metabolism. The symptoms of COVID-19 are closely correlated with the physiological functions of ACE2. In this review, we summarize the functional and structural studies on ACE2, B0AT1, and their complex with S of SARS-CoV-2, providing insights into the various symptoms caused by viral infection and the development of therapeutic strategies.},
}
@article {pmid35584307,
year = {2022},
author = {Tronick, LN and Amendolara, B and Morris, NP and Longley, J and Kois, LE and Canada, KE and Augustine, D and Zaller, N},
title = {Decarceration of older adults with mental illness in the USA - beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of prisoner health},
volume = {ahead-of-print},
number = {ahead-of-print},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1108/IJPH-06-2021-0049},
pmid = {35584307},
issn = {1744-9219},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Aging and mental illness both represent significant public health challenges for incarcerated people in the USA. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the vulnerabilities of incarcerated people because of the risks of infectious disease transmission in correctional facilities. Focusing on older adults with mental illness, this paper aims to examine efforts to decarcerate US correctional facilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and whether these approaches may lead to sustainable reforms beyond the pandemic.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A narrative literature review was conducted using numerous online resources, including PubMed, Google Scholar and LexisNexis. Search terms used included "decarceration pandemic," "COVID-19 decarceration," "aging mental illness decarceration," "jails prisons decarceration," "early release COVID-19" and "correctional decarceration pandemic," among others. Given the rapidly changing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, this narrative literature review included content from not only scholarly articles and federal and state government publications but also relevant media articles and policy-related reports. The authors reviewed these sources collaboratively to synthesize a review of existing evidence and opinions on these topics and generate conclusions and policy recommendations moving forward.
FINDINGS: To mitigate the risks of COVID-19, policymakers have pursued various decarceration strategies across the USA. Some efforts have focused on reducing inflow into correctional systems, including advising police to reduce numbers of arrests and limiting use of pretrial detention. Other policies have sought to increase outflow from correctional systems, such as facilitating early release of people convicted of nonviolent offenses or those nearing the end of their sentences. Given the well-known risks of COVID-19 among older individuals, age was commonly cited as a reason for diverting or expediting release of people from incarceration. In contrast, despite their vulnerability to complications from COVID-19, people with serious mental illness (SMI), particularly those with acute treatment needs, may have been less likely in some instances to be diverted or released early from incarceration.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Although much has been written about decarceration during the COVID-19 pandemic, little attention has been paid to the relevance of these efforts for older adults with mental illness. This paper synthesizes existing proposals and evidence while drawing attention to the public health implications of aging and SMI in US correctional settings and explores opportunities for decarceration of older adults with SMI beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35584273,
year = {2022},
author = {Ning, T and Liu, S and Xu, J and Yang, Y and Zhang, N and Xie, S and Min, L and Zhang, S and Zhu, S and Wang, Y},
title = {Potential intestinal infection and faecal-oral transmission of human coronaviruses.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2363},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2363},
pmid = {35584273},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; //Beijing Friendship Hospital/ ; //Capital Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) were first described in 1960s for patients experiencing common cold. Since then, increasing number of HCoVs have been discovered, including those causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), and the circulating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which can cause fatal respiratory disease in humans on infection. HCoVs are believed to spread mainly through respiratory droplets and close contact. However, studies have shown that a large proportion of patients with HCoV infection develop gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and many patients with confirmed HCoV infection have shown detectable viral RNA in their faecal samples. Furthermore, multiple in vitro and in vivo animal studies have provided direct evidence of intestinal HCoV infection. These data highlight the nature of HCoV GI infection and its potential faecal-oral transmission. Here, we summarise the current findings on GI manifestations of HCoVs. We also discuss how HCoV GI infection might occur and the current evidence to establish the occurrence of faecal-oral transmission.},
}
@article {pmid35583460,
year = {2022},
author = {Mahmud, N and Anik, MI and Hossain, MK and Khan, MI and Uddin, S and Ashrafuzzaman, M and Rahaman, MM},
title = {Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Platforms to Combat COVID-19: Diagnostics, Preventions, Therapeutics, and Vaccine Developments.},
journal = {ACS applied bio materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsabm.2c00123},
pmid = {35583460},
issn = {2576-6422},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2, a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that emerged less than two years ago but has caused nearly 6.1 million deaths to date. Recently developed variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus have been shown to be more potent and expanded at a faster rate. Until now, there is no specific and effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of reliable and sustainable recovery. Precaution, prevention, and vaccinations are the only ways to keep the pandemic situation under control. Medical and scientific professionals are now focusing on the repurposing of previous technology and trying to develop more fruitful methodologies to detect the presence of viruses, treat the patients, precautionary items, and vaccine developments. Nanomedicine or nanobased platforms can play a crucial role in these fronts. Researchers are working on many effective approaches by nanosized particles to combat SARS-CoV-2. The role of a nanobased platform to combat SARS-CoV-2 is extremely diverse (i.e., mark to personal protective suit, rapid diagnostic tool to targeted treatment, and vaccine developments). Although there are many theoretical possibilities of a nanobased platform to combat SARS-CoV-2, until now there is an inadequate number of research targeting SARS-CoV-2 to explore such scenarios. This unique mini-review aims to compile and elaborate on the recent advances of nanobased approaches from prevention, diagnostics, treatment to vaccine developments against SARS-CoV-2, and associated challenges.},
}
@article {pmid35582628,
year = {2022},
author = {Lin, CH and Cerrone, DA},
title = {Shifts in Asthma Evaluation and Management During COVID-19.},
journal = {Current treatment options in allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1007/s40521-022-00304-7},
pmid = {35582628},
issn = {2196-3053},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: The comprehensive management of asthma has historically relied on in-person visits to obtain a detailed history, thorough physical exam, and diagnostic and monitoring tools such as pulmonary function testing. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed numerous challenges to adequately utilizing these strategies. Despite these limitations, telemedicine has provided an important means to deliver asthma care. In this review, we discuss how these challenges have created paradigm shifts in not only the clinical aspects of asthma management, but also in patient attitudes and physician-patient relationships.
Recent Findings: Different strategies have been suggested to address asthma during COVID-19. Telemedicine has taken on an important role during the pandemic. The emphasis on asthma questionnaire use, education regarding lapsed asthma control, and as-needed oral corticosteroid courses have proven to be important instruments in the remote management of asthma. Overall, asthma exacerbations have decreased during this time. This is thought to be due to a variety of factors such as decreased exposure to common triggers.
Summary: Although the COVID-19 pandemic significantly limited an allergist's ability to provide conventional comprehensive asthma management, we also found that patient outcomes have actually improved. In addition to the decreased exposure to asthma triggers, this may also be an effect of increased patient ownership of their asthma, and subsequent improved therapeutic alliance.},
}
@article {pmid35582622,
year = {2022},
author = {Atyabi, SMH and Rommasi, F and Ramezani, MH and Ghane Ezabadi, MF and Arani, MA and Sadeghi, MH and Ahmed, MM and Rajabi, A and Dehghan, N and Sohrabi, A and Seifi, M and Nasiri, MJ},
title = {Relationship between blood clots and COVID-19 vaccines: A literature review.},
journal = {Open life sciences},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {401-415},
doi = {10.1515/biol-2022-0035},
pmid = {35582622},
issn = {2391-5412},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is one of the most critical pandemics during human civilization. Several therapeutic strategies for COVID-19 management have been offered; nonetheless, none of them seems to be sufficiently beneficial. In effect, vaccines have been proffered as a viable option. The critical issue now is to concentrate on protecting individuals against illness through immunization. One of the causes for concern among the researchers, physicians, and generally the whole community from the onset of vaccination has been the adverse effects (specifically blood clots) that may be observed after the injection of the COVID-19 vaccine. In some countries, such concerns have even resulted in the temporary or permanent discontinuation or abandonment of the application of some vaccines (especially AstraZeneca and Janssen). By evaluating rigorous studies published on this subject, the present article is aimed at identifying the association between blood clot incidence and COVID-19 vaccination. Various methods for producing the COVID-19 vaccines are analyzed, along with their possible pros and cons as well as common and rare side effects, especially VITT and blood clots. Finally, the differences of various vaccines on thrombotic events, WHO recommendations for VITT treatment, and blood clots statics are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid35582506,
year = {2022},
author = {Birinci, S and Ulgu, MM and Aydin, S and Ozcan, E},
title = {Conducting risk assessments and case detection in online environments in the scope of fight with COVID-19: A good practice example diabetes: A cross-sectional study.},
journal = {Northern clinics of Istanbul},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {183-187},
doi = {10.14744/nci.2022.92979},
pmid = {35582506},
issn = {2536-4553},
abstract = {Turkey's Corona Precaution Application, a web-based and mobile service, has been actively used by the citizens of the Republic of Turkey and foreigners coming to Turkey since March 19, 2020. This article examines the Corona Precaution Application in terms of its success in detecting risky and positive cases among users. In this informative process analysis study, which is conducted in the lights of Ministry of Health of Turkey data, the efficiency of Corona Precaution Application in March 2020-August 2020 has been measured through the usage statistics from specific provinces and the effect of the application has been proved. The application was used by a total of 2.159.903 people on mobile and web platforms and risk assessments were made. As a result, 135.277 people who were scored as high risk were referred to health-care facilities, and 12.067 people were hospitalized with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19 in PCR tests or isolated at home. When evaluated cumulatively, Corona Precaution Application is used as an effective tool of the health system in the fight against COVID-19. 12.067 people were found to be positive with the referrals to the healthcare facility made through the application; thus, it has been one of the most effective tools in controlling the spread of the disease.},
}
@article {pmid35582465,
year = {2022},
author = {Nguyen Nguyen, N and Assad, JG and Femia, G and Schuster, A and Otton, J and Nguyen, TL},
title = {Role of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in troponinemia syndromes.},
journal = {World journal of cardiology},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {190-205},
doi = {10.4330/wjc.v14.i4.190},
pmid = {35582465},
issn = {1949-8462},
abstract = {Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an evolving technology, proving to be a highly accurate tool for quantitative assessment. Most recently, it has been increasingly used in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of conditions involving an elevation in troponin or troponinemia. Although an elevation in troponin is a nonspecific marker of myocardial tissue damage, it is a frequently ordered investigation leaving many patients without a specific diagnosis. Fortunately, the advent of newer cardiac MRI protocols can provide additional information. In this review, we discuss several conditions associated with an elevation in troponin such as myocardial infarction, myocarditis, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy, coronavirus disease 2019 related cardiac dysfunction and athlete's heart syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid35582132,
year = {2022},
author = {Wang, MK and Yu, XL and Zhou, LY and Si, HM and Hui, JF and Hou, DY and Li, WP and Yang, JS},
title = {COVID-19 and liver dysfunction: What nutritionists need to know.},
journal = {World journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {28},
number = {15},
pages = {1526-1535},
doi = {10.3748/wjg.v28.i15.1526},
pmid = {35582132},
issn = {2219-2840},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has brought serious challenges for the medical field. Patients with COVID-19 usually have respiratory symptoms. However, liver dysfunction is not an uncommon presentation. Additionally, the degree of liver dysfunction is associated with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of malnutrition should be routinely recommended in the management of patients with COVID-19, especially in those with liver dysfunction. Recently, a large number of studies have reported that nutrition therapy measures, including natural dietary supplements, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, and probiotics, might have potential hepatoprotective effects against COVID-19-related liver dysfunction via their antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and positive immunomodulatory effects. This review mainly focuses on the possible relationship between COVID-19 and liver dysfunction, nutritional and metabolic characteristics, nutritional status assessment, and nutrition therapy to provide a reference for the nutritionists while making evidence-based nutritional decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35582019,
year = {2022},
author = {Yadav, R and Pradhan, M and Yadav, K and Mahalvar, A and Yadav, H},
title = {Present scenarios and future prospects of herbal nanomedicine for antifungal therapy.},
journal = {Journal of drug delivery science and technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103430},
doi = {10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103430},
pmid = {35582019},
issn = {1773-2247},
abstract = {The current COVID-19 epidemic is a sobering reminder that human susceptibility to infectious diseases remains even in our modern civilization. After all, infectious diseases are still the major reason of death globally. Healthcare authorities have often underestimated and ignored the threat posed by "microbial dangers," although they put millions of lives at risk every year. Overlooked developing diseases including fungal infections (FIs) contribute to roughly 1.7 million fatalities per year. As many as 150 million cases of severe and potentially life-threatening FIs are reported each year. In the last few years, the number of instances has steadily increased. Most of them are invasive fungal infections that require specialized treatment and hospital care. In recent years herbal antifungal compounds have been explored to acquire effective and safe therapy against fungal infections. However, potential therapeutic effects are hampered by the poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability of these important chemicals as well as the gastric degradation that occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. To get around this issue, researchers have turned to novel drug delivery systems such as nanoemulsions, ethosomes, metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, transferosomes, etc by improving their limits, nanocarriers can enhance the medicinal effects of herbal oils and extracts. The present review article focuses on the available antifungal agents and their characteristics, mechanism of antifungal drugs resistance, herbal oils and extract as antifungal agents, challenges in the delivery of herbal drugs, and application of nano-drug delivery systems for effective delivery of antifungal herbal compounds.},
}
@article {pmid35581995,
year = {2022},
author = {Vismara, M and Varinelli, A and Pellegrini, L and Enara, A and Fineberg, NA},
title = {New challenges in facing Cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Current opinion in behavioral sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101156},
doi = {10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101156},
pmid = {35581995},
issn = {2352-1546},
abstract = {Cyberchondria (CYB) is characterized by excessive online searching for medical information and is associated with increasing levels of distress, anxiety and interference with daily activities. As the use of digital devices and the Internet as a source of everyday information has increased, particularly during the current COVID-19 pandemic, so has CYB, becoming an object of interest to clinicians and researchers. The present review will provide an overview of the latest updates in CYB research. Emerging evidence draws attention to various vulnerability factors for developing CYB, including personal characteristics such as female gender, younger age, or a history of mental disorder, as well as engagement in particular forms of online behaviour such as increased use of social media, increased acceptance of online information, information overload. Additionally, recent studies suggest CYB may itself act as a mediating factor for increased COVID-19-related psychological burden. However, the data is still very sparse. Knowledge gaps include a universally accepted definition of CYB, severity thresholds to help differentiate non-pathological online health searches from CYB, as well as robustly evidence-based interventions.},
}
@article {pmid35581532,
year = {2022},
author = {Stone, E and Leong, TL},
title = {Contemporary Concise Review 2021: Pulmonary nodules from detection to intervention.},
journal = {Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/resp.14296},
pmid = {35581532},
issn = {1440-1843},
abstract = {The US Preventive Task Force (USPSTF) has updated screening criteria by expanding age range and reducing smoking history required for eligibility; the International Lung Screen Trial (ILST) data have shown that PLCOM2012 performs better for eligibility than USPSTF criteria. Screening adherence is low (4%-6% of potential eligible candidates in the United States) and depends upon multiple system and patient/candidate-related factors. Smoking cessation in lung cancer improves survival (past prospective trial data, updated meta-analysis data); smoking cessation is an essential component of lung cancer screening. Circulating biomarkers are emerging to optimize screening and early diagnosis. COVID-19 continues to affect lung cancer treatment and screening through delays and disruptions; specific operational challenges need to be met. Over 70% of suspected malignant lesions develop in the periphery of the lungs. Bronchoscopic navigational techniques have been steadily improving to allow greater accuracy with target lesion approximation and therefore diagnostic yield. Fibre-based imaging techniques provide real-time microscopic tumour visualization, with potential diagnostic benefits. With significant advances in peripheral lung cancer localization, bronchoscopically delivered ablative therapies are an emerging field in limited stage primary and oligometastatic disease. In advanced stage lung cancer, small-volume samples acquired through bronchoscopic techniques yield material of sufficient quantity and quality to support clinically relevant biomarker assessment.},
}
@article {pmid35581498,
year = {2022},
author = {Matsuzawa, Y and Kimura, K and Ogawa, H and Tamura, K},
title = {Impact of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors on COVID-19.},
journal = {Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35581498},
issn = {1348-4214},
abstract = {Since the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the possible roles of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors in COVID-19 have been debated as favorable, harmful, or neutral. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) not only is the entry route of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection but also triggers a major mechanism of COVID-19 aggravation by promoting tissue RAS dysregulation, which induces a hyperinflammatory state in several organs, leading to lung injury, hematological alterations, and immunological dysregulation. ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II type-1 receptor blockers (ARBs) inhibit the detrimental hyperactivation of the RAS by SARS-CoV-2 and increase the expression of ACE2, which is a counter-regulator of the RAS. Several studies have investigated the beneficial profile of RAS inhibitors in COVID-19; however, this finding remains unclear. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm the role of RAS inhibitors in COVID-19. In this review, we summarize the potential effects of RAS inhibitors that have come to light thus far and review the impact of RAS inhibitors on COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35581387,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, Q and Wang, Y and Sun, Q and Knopf, J and Herrmann, M and Lin, L and Jiang, J and Shao, C and Li, P and He, X and Hua, F and Niu, Z and Ma, C and Zhu, Y and Ippolito, G and Piacentini, M and Estaquier, J and Melino, S and Weiss, FD and Andreano, E and Latz, E and Schultze, JL and Rappuoli, R and Mantovani, A and Mak, TW and Melino, G and Shi, Y},
title = {Immune response in COVID-19: what is next?.},
journal = {Cell death and differentiation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35581387},
issn = {1476-5403},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a global pandemic for more than 2 years and it still impacts our daily lifestyle and quality in unprecedented ways. A better understanding of immunity and its regulation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is urgently needed. Based on the current literature, we review here the various virus mutations and the evolving disease manifestations along with the alterations of immune responses with specific focuses on the innate immune response, neutrophil extracellular traps, humoral immunity, and cellular immunity. Different types of vaccines were compared and analyzed based on their unique properties to elicit specific immunity. Various therapeutic strategies such as antibody, anti-viral medications and inflammation control were discussed. We predict that with the available and continuously emerging new technologies, more powerful vaccines and administration schedules, more effective medications and better public health measures, the COVID-19 pandemic will be under control in the near future.},
}
@article {pmid35580449,
year = {2022},
author = {Luciano, PQ and Binatti, R and Sodré, AR and Zajac, SR and Marson, FAL and Ortega, MM},
title = {Vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in an older patient: Minireview and a case report.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {15},
number = {6},
pages = {638-642},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2022.04.008},
pmid = {35580449},
issn = {1876-035X},
abstract = {Rare cases of unusual thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca) have been reported. The unusual symptoms are called vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). In the present study, a brief background about cases of unusual thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after administration of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 was provided. In addition, a description of a case of a 66-year-old woman who had received this vaccine and developed VITT was done. She presented to the hospital complaining of hematomas in the right upper limb 14 days after the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, without a history of trauma (Glasgow coma scale of 14) and thrombocytopenia even though signs of thrombosis were absent. Cranium computed tomography scan indicated intraparenchymal hematoma and cerebral thrombosis, besides anastomotic Labbé vein thrombosis. The woman received platelets transfusion, dexamethasone, and neuroprotection measures, but even so, on the twelfth postoperative day, she died of cerebral rebleeding. In conclusion, it is crucial to point out the immuno-hypersensitivity mechanisms associated with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine reactions, helping to reduce their occurrences and reinforcing confidence in vaccine administration.},
}
@article {pmid35580380,
year = {2022},
author = {Pondé, RAA},
title = {Physicochemical effect of the N501Y, E484K/Q, K417N/T, L452R and T478K mutations on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein RBD and its influence on agent fitness and on attributes developed by emerging variants of concern.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {572},
number = {},
pages = {44-54},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2022.05.003},
pmid = {35580380},
issn = {1096-0341},
abstract = {The spike protein comprises one of the main structural components of SARS-CoV-2 because it is directly involved in the infection process and viral transmission, and also because of its immunogenic properties, as an inducer of the protective antibodies production and as a vaccine component. The occurrence of mutations in this region or in other the virus genome regions, comprises a natural phenomenon in its evolution. However, they also occur due to the selective immune pressure, to which the agent is continuously subjected, especially in the spike protein immunodominant regions, such as the RBD. Mutations in the spike protein can change the virus' fitness, increasing its affinity for target cells, its transmissibility and its virulence. In addition, these mutations can giving it the potential ability to evade the protective antibodies action obtained from convalescent sera or vaccine origin, as well as those used in therapy, which may favor the virus expansion and compromise the infection control. Five mutations N501Y, E484K/Q, K417N/T, L452R and T478K, located in the spike protein RBD, have had a greater impact because they are associated with new attributes developed by the virus, which characterize the emerging variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-Cov-2 identified so far. The occurrence of these mutations induces complex physicochemical effects that can alter the spike protein's structure and its function, which in turn, lead to changes in the agents' fitness. This manuscript discusses the attributes of VOCs associated with the physicochemical effects caused by the aforementioned mutations.},
}
@article {pmid35580323,
year = {2022},
author = {Barahona, M and Martínez, Á and Barahona, M and Ramírez, M and Barrientos, C and Infante, C},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in knee arthroplasty in Chile: a cross-sectional, national registry-based analysis.},
journal = {Medwave},
volume = {22},
number = {4},
pages = {e8731},
doi = {10.5867/medwave.2022.04.002511},
pmid = {35580323},
issn = {0717-6384},
abstract = {Introduction: The need for beds and health personnel to treat coronavirus (COVID- 19) patients has led to the suspension of many elective sur-geries in Chile, including knee arthroplasties. This study aims to determine the incidence of knee arthroplasty in 2020, reflecting the effect of the COVID- 19 pandemic, and estimate the cost and time it would take to recover the waiting list prior to March 2020.
Methods: A cross- sectional study was designed. We analyzed databases from The Department of Statistics and Health Information databases from Chile for 2019 and 2020, identifying patients with surgical discharges associated with knee arthroplasty codes. We estimated the time it would take to recover the surgeries unperformed in 2020 by simulating a monthly workload increase from the 2019 baseline. The costs of knee arthroplasty paid by the National Health Fund to institutions were estimated by diagnosis-related groups.
Results: We found that the incidence rate of knee arthroplasty in 2020 decreased by 64% compared with 2019. The impact was higher in the public system (68%) and the National Health Found (63%). A simulated increase in knee arthroplasty productivity by 30% would allow recovering the postponed knee arthroplasty surgeries in 27 months, at a monthly cost to the public system of 318 million Chilean pesos (378 thousand US dollars).
Conclusions: The incidence rate of knee arthroplasty during 2020 decreased by 64%, revealing the extensive waiting line for people with knee osteoarthritis. An increase between 20- 40% in productivity compared with 2019 would allow recovering the unperformed surgeries in 20 to 41 months, at a monthly cost to the public network between 210 and 425 million Chilean pesos (250 to 506 thousand US dollars).},
}
@article {pmid35580151,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Taie, A and Denkdemir, FR and Sharief, Z and Buyuk, AS and Şardaş, S},
title = {The Long View on COVID-19 Theranostics and Oral Antivirals: Living with Endemic Disease and Lessons from Molnupiravir.},
journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/omi.2022.0045},
pmid = {35580151},
issn = {1557-8100},
abstract = {The long view on living with COVID-19 as an endemic disease calls for expanding the planetary health intervention toolbox. We will need a battery of vaccines, small molecule oral antiviral drugs, and biomarkers to forecast antiviral drug efficacy and safety. In this context, theranostics refers to fusion of therapeutics and diagnostics. We examine here emerging pathways to theranostics innovation for COVID-19 oral antiviral drugs, with molnupiravir as a case study. With new virus variants (1) variations in the molnupiravir efficacy target, viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, (2) variability in pharmacokinetics and exposure to molnupiravir active moiety in fluids on virus entry points to the host (e.g., saliva, tears, and nasal secretions), (3) variability in transformation from prodrug molnupiravir to its active form, and (4) variability in putative adverse effects on human/host cells, all warrant attention for prospects and challenges vis à vis theranostics innovation for COVID-19 oral antivirals. The emerging lessons from molnupiravar are of interest to future design of COVID-19 theranostic research with other oral antiviral medications. Regulatory agencies, the pharmaceutical industry, research funders, governments, and ministries of health around the world have important stewardship roles to advance the subpopulation level analyses of clinical trial data on oral antiviral drugs for COVID-19. This would remedy the current lag in clinically relevant multiomics theranostics for oral antivirals in the battle against COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35579955,
year = {2022},
author = {Viswanathan, VS and Toro, P and Corredor, G and Mukhopadhyay, S and Madabhushi, A},
title = {The state of the art for artificial intelligence in lung digital pathology.},
journal = {The Journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/path.5966},
pmid = {35579955},
issn = {1096-9896},
abstract = {Lung diseases carry a significant burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The advent of digital pathology (DP) and an increase in computational power have led to the development of artificial intelligence (AI) based tools that can assist pathologists and pulmonologists in improving clinical workflow and patient management. While previous works have explored the advances in computational approaches for breast, prostate, and head and neck cancers, there has been a growing interest in applying these technologies to lung diseases as well. The application of AI tools on radiology images for better characterization of indeterminate lung nodules, fibrotic lung disease, and lung cancer risk stratification has been well documented. In this article, we discuss methodologies used to build AI tools in lung digital pathology, describing the various hand-crafted and deep learning-based unsupervised feature approaches. Next, we review AI tools across a wide spectrum of lung diseases including cancer, tuberculosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and COVID-19. We discuss the utility of novel imaging biomarkers for different types of clinical problems including quantification of biomarkers like PD-L1, lung disease diagnosis, risk stratification, and prediction of response to treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. We also look briefly at some emerging applications of AI tools in lung digital pathology such as multimodal data analysis, 3D pathology, and transplant rejection. Lastly, we discuss the future of DP-based AI tools, describing the challenges with regulatory approval, developing reimbursement models, planning clinical deployment, and addressing AI biases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid35579849,
year = {2022},
author = {de Kreutzenberg, SV},
title = {Telemedicine for the Clinical Management of Diabetes; Implications and Considerations After COVID-19 Experience.},
journal = {High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35579849},
issn = {1179-1985},
abstract = {Telemedicine is a clinical approach that was seldom used in the day-to-day practice, if not only in certain settings, before the COVID-19 pandemic. As stated by the WHO, telemedicine is: the delivery of health care services, where distance is a critical factor, by all health care professionals using information and communication technologies (ICT) for the exchange of valid information for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease and injuries, …. Telemedicine has actually represented the most useful and employed tool to maintain contacts between patients and physicians during the period of physical distance imposed by the pandemic, especially during the lockdown. Diabetes in particular, a chronic disease that often needs frequent confronting between patient and health professionals has taken advantage of the telehealth approach. Nowadays, technological tools are more and more widely used for the management of diabetes. In this review results obtained by telemendicine application in type 1 and type 2 diabetic individuals during COVID-19 are revised, and future perspectives for telemedicine use to manage diabetes are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid35579740,
year = {2022},
author = {Ahmad Mohd Zain, MR and Abdul Kari, Z and Dawood, MAO and Nik Ahmad Ariff, NS and Salmuna, ZN and Ismail, N and Ibrahim, AH and Thevan Krishnan, K and Che Mat, NF and Edinur, HA and Abdul Razab, MKA and Mohammed, A and Mohamed Salam, SKN and Rao, PV and Mohamad, S and Hamat, B and Zainal Abidin, S and Seong Wei, L and Ahmed Shokri, A},
title = {Bioactivity and Pharmacological Potential of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Against Pandemic COVID-19: a Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Applied biochemistry and biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35579740},
issn = {1559-0291},
support = {203.PPSP.6171317//Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia/ ; FRGS/1/2021/SKK0/USM/03/7//Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia/ ; },
abstract = {A novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) or severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transmitted from person to person, has quickly emerged as the pandemic responsible for the current global health crisis. This infection has been declared a global pandemic, resulting in a concerning number of deaths as well as complications post-infection, primarily among vulnerable groups particularly older people and those with multiple comorbidities. In this article, we review the most recent research on the role of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits (DPFs) to prevent or treat COVID-19 infection. The mechanisms underlying this preventive or therapeutic effect are also discussed in terms of bioactivity potentials in date palm, e.g., antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and hemolytic potential, as well as prospect against COVID-19 disease and the potential product development. Therefore, it can be concluded that regular consumption of DPFs may be associated with a lower risk of some chronic diseases. Indeed, DPFs have been widely used in folk medicine since ancient times to treat a variety of health conditions, demonstrating the importance of DPFs as a nutraceutical and source of functional nourishment. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the majority of the research on DPFs in terms of nutrient content and biologically active components such as phenolic compounds, with an emphasis on their roles in improving overall health as well as the potential product development to ensure consumers' satisfaction in a current pandemic situation. In conclusion, DPFs can be given to COVID-19 patients as a safe and effective add-on medication or supplement in addition to routine treatments.},
}
@article {pmid35578891,
year = {2022},
author = {Ghosh, A and Joseph, B and Anil, S},
title = {Does periodontitis influence the risk of COVID-19? A scoping review.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cre2.584},
pmid = {35578891},
issn = {2057-4347},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Research has shown that the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) significantly influences the oral microbiome to expedite systemic diseases by invading harmful oral pathogens near and distant organs. To identify, explore, and map the possible mechanisms underlying periodontitis in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Relevant articles published from December 2019 to February 2022 were identified and screened using keywords and inclusion criteria from various databases.
RESULTS: This review sheds light on multiple pathways of periodontitis, the spread of periodontal infection and microbial metabolites to the lungs, and the dysregulated immune system with elevated cytokines, reactive oxygen species generation, nuclear DNA damage, and senescence, which have the potential to promote stronger viral attachment to host cells and the onset of COVID-19 manifestation with increased severity and risk of mortality. In addition, the cytokine connection to SARS-CoV-2, T-cell responses against periodontitis, its connection with COVID-19, the role of host factors, and periodontal therapy have been discussed.
CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between COVID-19 and periodontitis needs further investigation along with the development of alternative therapies to prevent periodontitis for better management and control of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35578716,
year = {2021},
author = {Cheok, T and Jennings, M and Aprato, A and Jayasekera, N and Jaarsma, RL},
title = {Safety of intraarticular corticosteroid injection preceding hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis amid resolving COVID-19 arthroplasty restrictions.},
journal = {Journal of hip preservation surgery},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {215-224},
doi = {10.1093/jhps/hnab064},
pmid = {35578716},
issn = {2054-8397},
abstract = {Intraarticular corticosteroid injection (ICSI) is a widely practiced management for hip and knee osteoarthritis. Imposed delays to arthroplasty during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have led us to postulate that many patients have opted for recent ICSI. We compared the odds of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients who were or were not administered ICSI within 12 months prior to hip or knee arthroplasty. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science was performed in February 2021, with studies assessing the effect of ICS on PJI rates identified. All studies, which included patients that received ICSI in the 12 months prior to primary hip and knee arthroplasty, were included. In total 12 studies were included: four studies with 209 353 hips and eight studies with 438 440 knees. ICSI administered in the 12 months prior to hip arthroplasty increased the odds of PJI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.17, P = 0.04]. This was not the case for knees. Subgroup analysis showed significantly higher odds of PJI in both hip [OR = 1.45, P = 0.002] and knee arthroplasty [OR = 2.04; P = 0.04] when ICSI was within the preceding 3 months of surgery. A significantly higher odds of PJI were seen in patients receiving ICSI within the 12 months prior to hip arthroplasty. Subgroup analysis showed increased odds of PJI in both hip and knee arthroplasty, in patients receiving ICSI within 3 months prior to their arthroplasty. We recommend delaying knee arthroplasty for at least 3 months after ICSI and possibly longer for hip arthroplasty.
Level of Evidence: Level III - Systematic Review of Level II and III Studies.},
}
@article {pmid35578681,
year = {2022},
author = {Lezhnina, A and Lem, V and Blatt, N},
title = {Application of Extracorporeal Apheresis in Treatment of COVID-19: a Rapid Review.},
journal = {BioNanoScience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1007/s12668-022-00987-x},
pmid = {35578681},
issn = {2191-1630},
abstract = {Spread of a novel coronavirus infection in 2019 caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus has become a real threat to public health all around the world. The new pandemic required the mobilization of all resources for effective treatment of COVID-19 patients. Extracorporeal apheresis methods were suggested as an addition to the therapy of severe COVID-19 patients, especially when there is a threat of cytokine storm. Cytokine storm has a complex and not fully understood mechanism, and it can result in the multiple organ failure syndrome, associated with high mortality. The main cytokines that play the key role in the cytokine storm are IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha. Removal of the target pro-inflammatory cytokines from the bloodstream can be beneficial in reducing the risk of complications as well as the mortality rate. We describe and compare different methods of extracorporeal apheresis: hemoadsorption, selective plasma filtration, and plasma exchange therapy in the context of their potential use in COVID-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid35578663,
year = {2022},
author = {Feeney, G and Hannan, E and Fallon, J and Curran, E and Meagher, H and Sheehan, J and Coffey, JC and Kavanagh, EG},
title = {Necrotising fasciitis in the COVID-19 era: A consequence of caution - A case series.},
journal = {International journal of surgery open},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100488},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijso.2022.100488},
pmid = {35578663},
issn = {2405-8572},
abstract = {Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is a severe soft tissue infection that is associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality. During the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic, the population has been actively discouraged from presenting to emergency medical services unless absolutely necessary. While this was an important step in allowing for preservation of limited resources in a time of crisis, it may have resulted in immeasurable 'secondary victims' of the pandemic as patients with time-critical conditions delay hospital presentation. In this case series, we describe three patients that noted symptoms of soft tissue infection, but delayed seeking healthcare advice due to concerns regarding COVID-19 exposure. All three progressed to NF, requiring highly morbid wide surgical debridement and prolonged hospital admission, with a high risk of potential mortality. The findings of this series demonstrate the importance of consistently delivering appropriate and timely healthcare interventions to patients with non-COVID-19-related conditions. While efforts must be made to ensure preservation of valuable healthcare resources in a global pandemic, patients must also be empowered to seek timely care for non-COVID-19-related conditions even in this time of crisis.},
}
@article {pmid35578648,
year = {2022},
author = {Koklesova, L and Mazurakova, A and Samec, M and Kudela, E and Biringer, K and Kubatka, P and Golubnitschaja, O},
title = {Mitochondrial health quality control: measurements and interpretation in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine.},
journal = {The EPMA journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1007/s13167-022-00281-6},
pmid = {35578648},
issn = {1878-5077},
abstract = {Mitochondria are the "gatekeeper" in a wide range of cellular functions, signaling events, cell homeostasis, proliferation, and apoptosis. Consequently, mitochondrial injury is linked to systemic effects compromising multi-organ functionality. Although mitochondrial stress is common for many pathomechanisms, individual outcomes differ significantly comprising a spectrum of associated pathologies and their severity grade. Consequently, a highly ambitious task in the paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM/3PM) is to distinguish between individual disease predisposition and progression under circumstances, resulting in compromised mitochondrial health followed by mitigating measures tailored to the individualized patient profile. For the successful implementation of PPPM concepts, robust parameters are essential to quantify mitochondrial health sustainability. The current article analyses added value of Mitochondrial Health Index (MHI) and Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) as potential systems to quantify mitochondrial health relevant for the disease development and its severity grade. Based on the pathomechanisms related to the compromised mitochondrial health and in the context of primary, secondary, and tertiary care, a broad spectrum of conditions can significantly benefit from robust quantification systems using MHI/BHI as a prototype to be further improved. Following health conditions can benefit from that: planned pregnancies (improved outcomes for mother and offspring health), suboptimal health conditions with reversible health damage, suboptimal life-style patterns and metabolic syndrome(s) predisposition, multi-factorial stress conditions, genotoxic environment, ischemic stroke of unclear aetiology, phenotypic predisposition to aggressive cancer subtypes, pathologies associated with premature aging and neuro/degeneration, acute infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pandemics, among others.},
}
@article {pmid35578294,
year = {2022},
author = {Novembre, E and Tosca, M and Caffarelli, C and Calvani, M and Cardinale, F and Castagnoli, R and Chiappini, E and Cravidi, C and Del Giudice, MM and Duse, M and Licari, A and Manti, S and Martelli, A and Ricci, G and Pingitore, G and Marseglia, GL},
title = {Management of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 5-11 years with allergies, asthma, and immunodeficiency: consensus of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP).},
journal = {Italian journal of pediatrics},
volume = {48},
number = {1},
pages = {76},
pmid = {35578294},
issn = {1824-7288},
abstract = {BNT162b2 vaccine, developed by BioNTech and Pfizer ha recently approved for use in children aged 5 to 11 years. Recent data show evidence of safety on the administration and serious adverse events have been rarely reported. However, allergic systemic reactions could occur. In some cases, a correct allergic evaluation allows identifying patients at risk of developing an anaphylactic reaction. Risk assessment of allergic reactions to COVID-19 vaccines is useful to limit contraindications to vaccination and help to safely vaccinate people supposed to be at risk of allergic reactions.},
}
@article {pmid35577935,
year = {2022},
author = {Jamison, DA and Anand Narayanan, S and Trovão, NS and Guarnieri, JW and Topper, MJ and Moraes-Vieira, PM and Zaksas, V and Singh, KK and Wurtele, ES and Beheshti, A},
title = {A comprehensive SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 review, Part 1: Intracellular overdrive for SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {European journal of human genetics : EJHG},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35577935},
issn = {1476-5438},
support = {80NSSC19K0426//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; NNX16AO69A//National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, has claimed approximately 5 million lives and 257 million cases reported globally. This virus and disease have significantly affected people worldwide, whether directly and/or indirectly, with a virulent pathogen that continues to evolve as we race to learn how to prevent, control, or cure COVID-19. The focus of this review is on the SARS-CoV-2 virus' mechanism of infection and its proclivity at adapting and restructuring the intracellular environment to support viral replication. We highlight current knowledge and how scientific communities with expertize in viral, cellular, and clinical biology have contributed to increase our understanding of SARS-CoV-2, and how these findings may help explain the widely varied clinical observations of COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid35577652,
year = {2022},
author = {Yusuff, H and Zochios, V and Brodie, D},
title = {Thrombosis and coagulopathy in COVID-19 patients rceiving ECMO: A narrative review of current literature.},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2022.03.032},
pmid = {35577652},
issn = {1532-8422},
abstract = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an established part of the treatment algorithm for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related acute respiratory distress syndrome. An intense inflammatory response may cause an imbalance in the coagulation cascade making both thrombosis and bleeding common and notable features of the clinical management of these patients. Large observational and retrospective studies provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology and management of bleeding and thrombosis in COVID-19 patients requiring ECMO. Clinically significant bleeding, including intracerebral hemorrhage, is an independent predictor of mortality, and thrombosis (particularly pulmonary embolism) is associated with mortality, especially if occurring with right ventricular dysfunction. The incidence of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia is higher than the general patient cohort with acute respiratory distress syndrome or other indications for ECMO. The use of laboratory parameters to predict bleeding or thrombosis has a limited role. In this review, the authors discuss the complex pathophysiology of bleeding and thrombosis observed in patients with COVID-19 during ECMO support, and their effects on outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid35577626,
year = {2022},
author = {Nicholson, M and Goubran, H and Chan, N and Siegal, D},
title = {No apparent association between mRNA COVID-19 vaccination and venous thromboembolism.},
journal = {Blood reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100970},
doi = {10.1016/j.blre.2022.100970},
pmid = {35577626},
issn = {1532-1681},
abstract = {By January 2022 over ten billion doses of COVID-19 vaccines had been administered worldwide. Concerns about COVID-19 vaccine-associated thrombosis arose after the characterization of a rare prothrombotic condition associated with adenoviral vector-based COVID-19 vaccines known as vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT). Although mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have not been linked to VITT, concerns about thrombosis after vaccination persist despite safety data from hundreds of millions of recipients of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. With widespread vaccination some VTE will occur shortly after vaccination by chance alone because VTE is a common condition that affects 1 to 2 in 1000 persons each year. Detailed analysis is required to determine whether these VTE events are coincidental or associated when they occur in close proximity to mRNA vaccine administration. This paper will review what is currently known about rates of VTE after mRNA vaccination in adults, discuss the reasons why uncertainty on this topic persists, and briefly review the implications of these findings for clinical practice and health policy.},
}
@article {pmid35577620,
year = {2022},
author = {Ose, SO and Kaspersen, SL and Leinonen, T and Verstappen, S and de Rijk, A and Spasova, S and Hultqvist, S and Nørup, I and Pálsson, JR and Blume, A and Paternoga, M and Kalseth, J},
title = {Follow-up regimes for sick-listed employees: A comparison of nine north-western European countries.},
journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.05.002},
pmid = {35577620},
issn = {1872-6054},
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has revealed the importance of social protection systems, including income security, when health problems arise. The aims of this study are to compare the follow-up regimes for sick-listed employees across nine European countries, and to conduct a qualitative assessment of the differences with respect to burden and responsibility sharing between the social protection system, employers and employees. The tendency highlighted is that countries with shorter employer periods of sick-pay typically have stricter follow-up responsibility for employers because, in practice, they become gatekeepers of the public sickness benefit scheme. In Germany and the UK, employers have few requirements for follow-up compared with the Nordic countries because they bear most of the costs of sickness absence themselves. The same applies in Iceland, where employers carry most of the costs and have no obligation to follow up sick-listed employees. The situation in the Netherlands is paradoxical: employers have strict obligations in the follow-up regime even though they cover all the costs of the sick-leave themselves. During the pandemic, the majority of countries have adjusted their sick-pay system and increased coverage to reduce the risk of spreading Covid-19 because employees are going to work sick or when they should self-quarantine, except for the Netherlands and Belgium, which considered that the current schemes were already sufficient to reduce that risk.},
}
@article {pmid35570307,
year = {2022},
author = {Turner, S and McGann, B and Brockway, M'},
title = {A review of the disruption of breastfeeding supports in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in five Western countries and applications for clinical practice.},
journal = {International breastfeeding journal},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {38},
pmid = {35570307},
issn = {1746-4358},
mesh = {*Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Pandemics ; United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered how breastfeeding support is provided, resulting in mixed breastfeeding outcomes and experiences for mothers. The World Health Organization has consistently supported breastfeeding from the beginning of the pandemic. However, recommendations from obstetrical and gynaecological societies within individual countries have varied in their alignment with this guidance, resulting in inconsistent recommendations. It is unknown how breastfeeding guidelines, maternal breastfeeding experiences, and breastfeeding initiation and duration compared across five Western countries. The current study is comprised of two parts, each with a different objective. Part One objective: to review pandemic-related changes in professional society guidelines on breastfeeding support in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States; and Part Two objective: to conduct a narrative review to summarize the evidence of how the pandemic has changed breastfeeding initiation, duration, and mothers' breastfeeding experiences during the pandemic in these five countries and provide recommendations for clinical lactation support.
METHODS: We searched for indicators that are impactful on breastfeeding outcomes: skin-to-skin contact, rooming in, direct breastfeeding and breast washing, in the five countries mentioned above and compared these to the recommendations from the World Health Organization. Next, we conducted a narrative review of the literature from these five countries to explore how the pandemic altered breastfeeding outcomes and used this information to provide suggestions for clinical practice moving forward.
RESULTS: Recommendations on the four practices above differed by country and were not always in alignment with the World Health Organization recommendations. Mother-infant separation after birth in the United States was associated with a lower prevalence of breastfeeding initiation and duration. While some mothers reported positive breastfeeding experiences during the pandemic, many mothers indicated negative experiences related to decreased social and professional support.
CONCLUSIONS: The pandemic can inform practice recommendations and can be viewed as an opportunity to permanently modify existing methods to support breastfeeding families. The use of virtual care increased during the pandemic and should continue with specific considerations for prioritizing in-person care. This will help to provide more timely and accessible support for breastfeeding mothers.},
}
@article {pmid35566073,
year = {2022},
author = {Rodrigues, L and Bento Cunha, R and Vassilevskaia, T and Viveiros, M and Cunha, C},
title = {Drug Repurposing for COVID-19: A Review and a Novel Strategy to Identify New Targets and Potential Drug Candidates.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {35566073},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {Apoio Especial RESEARCH4COVID-19 project nº 434//Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; UID/04413/2020//Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; },
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Drug Repositioning ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {In December 2019, the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in the province of Wuhan, China. Since then, there have been over 400 million confirmed cases and 5.8 million deaths by COVID-19 reported worldwide. The urgent need for therapies against SARS-CoV-2 led researchers to use drug repurposing approaches. This strategy allows the reduction in risks, time, and costs associated with drug development. In many cases, a repurposed drug can enter directly to preclinical testing and clinical trials, thus accelerating the whole drug discovery process. In this work, we will give a general overview of the main developments in COVID-19 treatment, focusing on the contribution of the drug repurposing paradigm to find effective drugs against this disease. Finally, we will present our findings using a new drug repurposing strategy that identified 11 compounds that may be potentially effective against COVID-19. To our knowledge, seven of these drugs have never been tested against SARS-CoV-2 and are potential candidates for in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate their effectiveness in COVID-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid35564840,
year = {2022},
author = {Haroon, S and Voo, TC and Chua, H and Tan, GL and Lau, T},
title = {Telemedicine and Haemodialysis Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Integrative Review of Patient Safety, Healthcare Quality, Ethics and the Legal Considerations in Singapore Practice.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {35564840},
issn = {1660-4601},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Patient Safety ; Quality of Health Care ; Renal Dialysis ; Singapore/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented health crisis for the general population as well as for patients with chronic illnesses such as those requiring maintenance dialysis. Patients suffering from chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis are considered a high-risk population. Multiple reports have highlighted an increased need for intensive care and higher death rates among this group of patients. Most maintenance dialysis patients are in-centre haemodialysis patients who receive treatment in shared facilities (community dialysis centres). The inability to maintain social distancing in these facilities has led to case clustering among patients and staff. This poses a substantial risk to the patients, their household members, and the wider community. To mitigate the risks of COVID-19 transmission, telemedicine was rapidly adopted in the past year by nephrologists and other allied-health staff to provide care via remote consultations and reviews. Telemedicine poses unique challenges even in an era where so much is performed online with a high degree of success and satisfaction. In applying distant clinical care for maintenance haemodialysis patients via telemedicine, there is a need to ensure adequate protection for the health and safety of patients as well as understand the ethical and legal implications of telemedicine. We discussed, in this article, these three core aspects of patient safety and quality, ethics and legal implications in telemedicine, and how each of these is crucial to the safe and effective delivery of care in general as well as unique aspects of this in Singapore.},
}
@article {pmid35562647,
year = {2022},
author = {Nabi-Afjadi, M and Heydari, M and Zalpoor, H and Arman, I and Sadoughi, A and Sahami, P and Aghazadeh, S},
title = {Lectins and lectibodies: potential promising antiviral agents.},
journal = {Cellular & molecular biology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {37},
pmid = {35562647},
issn = {1689-1392},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Carbohydrates ; Humans ; Lectins/pharmacology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; },
abstract = {In nature, lectins are widely dispersed proteins that selectively recognize and bind to carbohydrates and glycoconjugates via reversible bonds at specific binding sites. Many viral diseases have been treated with lectins due to their wide range of structures, specificity for carbohydrates, and ability to bind carbohydrates. Through hemagglutination assays, these proteins can be detected interacting with various carbohydrates on the surface of cells and viral envelopes. This review discusses the most robust lectins and their rationally engineered versions, such as lectibodies, as antiviral proteins. Fusion of lectin and antibody's crystallizable fragment (Fc) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) produces a molecule called a "lectibody" that can act as a carbohydrate-targeting antibody. Lectibodies can not only bind to the surface glycoproteins via their lectins and neutralize and clear viruses or infected cells by viruses but also perform Fc-mediated antibody effector functions. These functions include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), and antibody-dependent cell-mediated phagocytosis (ADCP). In addition to entering host cells, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein S1 binds to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and downregulates it and type I interferons in a way that may lead to lung disease. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope are heavily glycosylated, which could make them a major target for developing vaccines, diagnostic tests, and therapeutic drugs. Lectibodies can lead to neutralization and clearance of viruses and cells infected by viruses by binding to glycans located on the envelope surface (e.g., the heavily glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein).},
}
@article {pmid35557294,
year = {2022},
author = {Marquez, S and Katz, J and Pagano, AS and Dannenhoffer, R and Smith, M and Laitman, JT and Mtui, EP},
title = {A Community of Medical Educators Coming together to lend an "Anatomical" Hand: Showing the Value of an In-Person Anatomy Lab based Curriculum.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {36 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R6202},
pmid = {35557294},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communicable Disease Control ; Curriculum ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Students, Medical ; },
abstract = {Anatomy education has suffered greatly during the Covid-19 pandemic, forcing medical institutions to switch from in-person to remote learning. This entails sacrifice of the 3D learning component of the laboratory and creates a major experience gap in the curriculum. At the School of Health Professions of SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, anatomy courses were delivered remotely over the past two summers for the physical therapy, physician assistant, and occupational therapy programs. Student evaluations reveal the perception of their respective cohorts having "lost out" on the value of in-person experience in the anatomy lab compared to upper classmen who took this course before the pandemic lockdown. To bridge this gap, medical educators came together as a community to offer an in-person, hands-on anatomy experience to 94 health professional students. Weill Cornell Medicine hosted the event and provided 20 donor dissection bodies with a total of 16 participating faculty that included anatomy directors from SUNY Albany, University at Buffalo, Icahn and NYU Schools of Medicine, in addition to Emergency department and Rehabilitative Medicine Attendings and former students who are now in private practice. A review of the musculoskeletal system was offered in three distinct categories that involved demonstration of movements, the neurovascular elements involved, and clinicopathologies. The follow up survey reveals positive student responses in all three categories. They also credited the event with providing an appreciation of the three-dimensionality of the region, citing that remote learning did not offer a full understanding of contiguous anatomical structures in 3D space. What was not measured in the survey were unexpected losses of corollary benefits to other courses that learning human dissection conferred. Program directors reported that some of these students underperformed in their respective programs which was unexpected based on their admissions profile compared to students who had the in-person anatomy lab experience. What is missing when students do not have a 3-D appreciation for the musculoskeletal system is their understanding of elements such as direction of muscle fibers (parallel vs pennate), line of pull, and eccentric versus concentric contractions. Human gross anatomy in the laboratory, aside from providing 3D learning, lays the foundation for the problem-solving skills and professionalism that will be expected of them throughout their health professional careers. Thus, gross anatomy education is not solely a course to "memorize" the names of soft-tissue structures in 3D space but instead also serves to develop and fortify professional behaviors that will prepare students beyond the laboratory and into the workplace.},
}
@article {pmid35557113,
year = {2022},
author = {DeSumma, JC and Davis, BJ and Cashman, JT and Strawbridge, RR and Amabile, AH},
title = {The Impact of Distance and Social Isolation on Brain Morphology, Neural Coupling, Social Connectedness, and Immediacy: Implications for Online Learning.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {36 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.0R263},
pmid = {35557113},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {Brain ; *COVID-19 ; *Education, Distance/methods ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Social Isolation ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Since the start of the Covid-19 pandemic, a consensus has emerged among students and educators that the connectedness inherent in face-to-face (F2F) learning is beneficial, and that something is lost with online course delivery. Feelings of isolation and estrangement from faculty and peers are common, and the potential impact on learning and on the development of social skills needed for patient care is of concern to health educators. The goal of our research project was, therefore, to perform a review of the neuroscience and pedagogical literature to assess the current state of knowledge on the impact of isolation and distance on brain morphology, neurophysiology, and learning.
METHODOLOGY: Our group chose to divide literature search activities into two broad categories and to work in pairs focusing either on the neuroscience or the pedagogical literature. Our approach was loosely based on Arksey and O'Malley, and while not a formal scoping review, did use a methodology that was rapid, broad, and aimed at identifying the different types of existing evidence related to our research question. Using various scientific databases the group performed searches using keywords such as "immediacy," "face to face," "social isolation," and "brain volume." After screening by title 431 abstracts were reviewed by the team, and 76 articles were chosen for full-text review. Please click the following link to see our final reference list: Reference List.
RESULTS: From the Neuroscience Literature: Both social isolation and loneliness cause brain atrophy, primarily in the medial temporal region. Gene expression decreases and remains low in the hippocampus during periods of prolonged isolation, reflecting decreased ability to consolidate new long-term memories. Significantly more neural coupling takes place between partners during F2F than during back to back or computer mediated dialogue, and natural verbal communication, increased eye contact, and observation of non-verbal facial expressions enhance neural coupling. From the Pedagogical Literature: Interaction, collaboration, and sharing thoughts and feelings F2F all contribute to a sense of community. Students report F2F interactions feel more real, create a feeling of connectedness, and facilitate the formation of relationships. Increased social presence in the classroom can predict actual and perceived cognitive learning. Immediacy that is verbal (e.g. posing questions, discussing personal experience, and informal conversations) and non-verbal (e.g. hand movements, facial expressions, and eye contact) both increase with F2F interactions. Both actual and perceived cognitive learning increase with immediacy.
CONCLUSIONS: With multiple studies showing brain changes with isolation, a student appreciation for immediacy, and the potential impact on cognitive and affective learning of F2F instruction, the evidence presented in this review suggests that caution, and further research, are warranted as educators consider continuation of online course delivery begun during the current pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35556859,
year = {2022},
author = {He, Y and Antony, T and Ravikumaran Nair, R},
title = {Enhancing Cadaveric Prosection Education of Male Urogenital Anatomy with Clinical Vignettes and Problem-Based Learning (PBL).},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {36 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R4255},
pmid = {35556859},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Cadaver ; *Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Problem-Based Learning ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Anatomy education has faced challenges in maintaining a high learning standard in the medical school curriculum. Although approaches including dissection videos and 3D models have been introduced to enhance anatomy education, studies have demonstrated unaffected learning outcomes after their implementation.1 Problem-based learning (PBL), a stark opposite to the traditional lecture-style format, focuses on student-centered learning via application of knowledge to solve problems.2 As it encourages self-directed, active learning, the incorporation of PBLs with traditional use of prosected cadavers can facilitate better retention of male urogenital anatomy concepts.
OBJECTIVES: Incorporating clinical vignettes and PBLs with prosected cadavers will facilitate improved understanding of the male urogenital anatomy compared with using only prosected cadavers.
METHODS: 1st year medical students at Florida International University HWCOM class of 2025 were put into 16 groups of approximately 7 to 10 students (n=137) rotating through four 25-minutes stations. One station was facilitated by a 4th year medical student teaching assistant (TA), using clinical vignettes and PBLs combined with a prosected cadaver to teach male urogenital anatomy. Students also rotated at three other stations (before or after) containing radiologic imaging, self-study, and ureteral catheterization. Prior to the TA station, the students were provided a pre-test (3 questions) to assess knowledge of common male urogenital anatomy concepts. The same questions were provided after completing the station. Both pre- and post-tests used clinical vignettes with multiple choice answers (A through D). Students received 1 point if they answered correctly and 0 points if they answered incorrectly.
RESULTS: The pre- and post-tests answers were analyzed for improved understanding of male urogenital anatomy. For the first question on the pampiniform plexus in relation to varicocele formation, 61% of students answered correctly in the post-test, compared to 23% in the pre-test. For the second question on spermatic cord location in context of testicular torsion, 72% answered correctly in the post-test, compared to 64% in the pre-test. For the third question on clinical significance of the deep dorsal vein, 71% answered correctly in the post-test, compared with 28% in the pre-test.
CONCLUSION/IMPLICATION: The results demonstrated an increase in the knowledge base and improvement in learning outcomes after the lab sessions using clinical vignettes and PBLs in addition to cadaveric prosection. We believe that this novel teaching approach can improve the baseline standards of anatomy education, recall, and model for instruction innovation in the medical school curriculum. 1. Iwanaga J, Loukas M, Dumont AS, Tubbs RS. A review of anatomy education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic: Revisiting traditional and modern methods to achieve future innovation. Clin Anat. 2021 Jan;34(1):108-114. doi: 10.1002/ca.23655. Epub 2020 Aug 24. 2. Faisal R; Khalil-ur-Rehman, Bahadur S, Shinwari L. Problem-based learning in comparison with lecture-based learning among medical students. J Pak Med Assoc. 2016 Jun;66(6):650-3.},
}
@article {pmid35553949,
year = {2022},
author = {Malhotra, A},
title = {Repurposing Immunopharmacology to Inculcate Pharmacist's Professional Identity Formation in a Doctor of Pharmacy Program.},
journal = {FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology},
volume = {36 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R5924},
pmid = {35553949},
issn = {1530-6860},
mesh = {Aged ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Influenza Vaccines ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pharmacists ; *Pharmacy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Students, Pharmacy ; United States ; },
abstract = {Immunology and Immunopharmacology courses offer multiple opportunities to bridge didactic and theoretical exposition to "hands-on" practice and application. In the United States, the Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) is the entry-level degree to practice as a pharmacist. In a majority of the four-year PharmD programs, Immunology is taught in the first two professional years, followed by pharmacotherapeutic applications in the third year, while students are on clinical rotations in the final year. Student readiness for clinical rotations and patient-centered care is critical though difficult to inculcate, especially from the perspective of their ability to integrate foundational science knowledge with practice. However, predictably, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has focused learners' attention on several foundational science-related aspects of Immunology and Immunopharmacology such as vaccine production techniques, immune cell responses to the SARS-CoV-2, the concepts of antigen presentation and processing, and the use of many immunotherapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Here, we leveraged the topical relevancy of COVID-19 to engage pharmacy students in our third-year PharmD Immunology course to devise strategies for overcoming vaccine hesitancy. Using published review articles assigned as pre-reading assignments in our Team Based Learning pedagogy, we introduced 19 third-year student teams composed of 5-6 pharmacy students to complex social-behavioral barriers to vaccination. The specific reasons for vaccine hesitancy included were 1) lack of awareness of vaccines, 2) fear and mistrust of vaccines, 3) distrust of health care professionals, 4) misinformation specific to COVID-19 vaccines, 5) faith-based and personal reasons for vaccine hesitancy, 6) misinformation about COVID-19, and 7) historical reasons such as the Tuskegee experiment for the prevailing mistrust in African American communities. Next, using a design thinking approach, student teams were asked to formulate and present in class a potential solution to alleviate each of these vaccine hesitancy reasons in the setting of a community pharmacy. Following one week of preparation time after the initial posting of the review article, in two three-hour-long class sessions, student teams were divided into "anti-vaxxers" and "pro-vaxxers" and teams debated each of the vaccine hesitancy reasons using specific data and examples from the review articles, also examining the effect of the prevailing state and federal laws in the United States on vaccine outcomes. Student teams offered 1) patient education, 2) counseling, 3) partnership with local community leaders, 4) researching literature on vaccine side effects such as those related to autism or the anaphylaxis due to albumin in older influenza vaccines, and 5) sponsored awareness programs such as "walk for COVID" as novel mechanisms for overcoming barriers to vaccination. Student perception surveys indicated 90% of the students found the activity interesting, engaging, and challenging, while 93% found it an effective use of their time. 98% of students felt that the activity helped them appreciate their professional identity as future pharmacists while allowing them to apply foundational science knowledge to overcome problems encountered in real-life situations.},
}
@article {pmid35552680,
year = {2022},
author = {Seidah, NG and Prat, A},
title = {The Multifaceted Biology of PCSK9.},
journal = {Endocrine reviews},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {558-582},
doi = {10.1210/endrev/bnab035},
pmid = {35552680},
issn = {1945-7189},
support = {148363/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Biology ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Proprotein Convertase 9/genetics/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {This article reviews the discovery of PCSK9, its structure-function characteristics, and its presently known and proposed novel biological functions. The major critical function of PCSK9 deduced from human and mouse studies, as well as cellular and structural analyses, is its role in increasing the levels of circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDLc), via its ability to enhance the sorting and escort of the cell surface LDL receptor (LDLR) to lysosomes. This implicates the binding of the catalytic domain of PCSK9 to the EGF-A domain of the LDLR. This also requires the presence of the C-terminal Cys/His-rich domain, its binding to the secreted cytosolic cyclase associated protein 1, and possibly another membrane-bound "protein X". Curiously, in PCSK9-deficient mice, an alternative to the downregulation of the surface levels of the LDLR by PCSK9 is taking place in the liver of female mice in a 17β-estradiol-dependent manner by still an unknown mechanism. Recent studies have extended our understanding of the biological functions of PCSK9, namely its implication in septic shock, vascular inflammation, viral infections (Dengue; SARS-CoV-2) or immune checkpoint modulation in cancer via the regulation of the cell surface levels of the T-cell receptor and MHC-I, which govern the antitumoral activity of CD8+ T cells. Because PCSK9 inhibition may be advantageous in these processes, the availability of injectable safe PCSK9 inhibitors that reduces by 50% to 60% LDLc above the effect of statins is highly valuable. Indeed, injectable PCSK9 monoclonal antibody or small interfering RNA could be added to current immunotherapies in cancer/metastasis.},
}
@article {pmid35544617,
year = {2022},
author = {Bestetti, RB and Furlan-Daniel, R and Couto, LB},
title = {Nonpharmaceutical public health interventions to curb the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of infection in developing countries},
volume = {16},
number = {4},
pages = {583-591},
doi = {10.3855/jidc.14580},
pmid = {35544617},
issn = {1972-2680},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Public Health ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Nonpharmaceutical Interventions (NPI) consist of compulsory (isolation, quarantine, stay-at-home orders, banning public gatherings, nonessential business closures, school closures), and voluntary (social distancing, handwashing, respiratory etiquette, and universal mask wearing) measures. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the different forms of NPI and their effectiveness in combating the pandemic. Isolation can be indicated for symptomatic and asymptomatic infected people at home or at hospitals depending on the patient's clinical picture. Quarantine is a social distancing intervention in asymptomatic uninfected people who had contact with SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals. Stay-at-home orders refer to statewide mandates imposing nonessential business closures, prohibition of public events and gatherings, and travel restrictions. Studies have suggested that stay-at-home orders may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of COVID-19 in some countries. Mask wearing decreases the risk of COVID-19 in the community, especially when the surgical masks are used for vulnerable people. N-95 respirators protect health workers from COVID-19. NPI may be helpful to curb the COVID-19 pandemic while mass vaccination worldwide is not attainable, and the threat of SARS-COV-2 variants remain on the horizon.},
}
@article {pmid35544545,
year = {2022},
author = {Olu-Abiodun, O and Abiodun, O and Okafor, N},
title = {COVID-19 vaccination in Nigeria: A rapid review of vaccine acceptance rate and the associated factors.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {17},
number = {5},
pages = {e0267691},
pmid = {35544545},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Adult ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Humans ; Nigeria/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {Vaccine acceptance among a large population of people can determine the successful control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to assess the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate and to identify the predicting factors to the non-acceptance of the vaccine in Nigeria up to date. In line with this, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases were searched for relevant articles between January 2020 and November 2021 in this rapid review. Ten articles with 9,287 individuals met the inclusion criteria and formed the basis for the final COVID-19 acceptance estimates. A total of ten peer-reviewed articles were reviewed. The vaccine acceptance rate ranged from 20.0% to 58.2% among adults across the six geopolitical zones of the country. Non-acceptance of the vaccine was found to be a result of propaganda, adverse effect concerns, and conspiracy theories. National, community, and individual-level interventions need to be developed to improve the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate in the country. Greater efforts could be put in place to address the issues of concern leading to the unwillingness of the people to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Also, as the pandemic is unfolding, emerging evidence needs to be synthesized and updated.},
}
@article {pmid35385358,
year = {2022},
author = {Kampouri, E and Walti, CS and Gauthier, J and Hill, JA},
title = {Managing hypogammaglobulinemia in patients treated with CAR-T-cell therapy: key points for clinicians.},
journal = {Expert review of hematology},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {305-320},
doi = {10.1080/17474086.2022.2063833},
pmid = {35385358},
issn = {1747-4094},
mesh = {*Agammaglobulinemia/etiology/therapy ; B-Cell Maturation Antigen ; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy ; Child ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms ; *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The unprecedented success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cell therapy in the management of B-cell malignancies comes with a price of specific side effects. Healthy B-cell depletion is an anticipated 'on-target' 'off-tumor' side effect and can contribute to severe and prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia. Evidence-based guidelines for the use of immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IGRT) for infection prevention are lacking in this population.
AREAS COVERED: This article reviews the mechanisms and epidemiology of hypogammaglobulinemia and antibody deficiency, association with infections, and strategies to address these issues in CD19- and BCMA-CAR-T-cell recipients.
EXPERT OPINION: CD19 and BCMA CAR-T-cell therapy result in unique immune deficits due to depletion of specific B-lineage cells and may require different infection prevention strategies. Hypogammaglobulinemia before and after CAR-T-cell therapy is frequent, but data on the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of IGRT are lacking. Monthly IGRT should be prioritized for patients with severe or recurrent bacterial infections. IGRT may be more broadly necessary to prevent infections in BCMA-CAR-T-cell recipients and children with severe hypogammaglobulinemia irrespective of infection history. Vaccinations are indicated to augment humoral immunity and can be immunogenic despite cytopenias; re-vaccination(s) may be required. Controlled trials are needed to better understand the role of IGRT and vaccines in this population.},
}
@article {pmid35366756,
year = {2022},
author = {Balakrishna Pillai, A and JeanPierre, AR and Mariappan, V and Ranganadin, P and S R, R},
title = {Neutralizing the free radicals could alleviate the disease severity following an infection by positive strand RNA viruses.},
journal = {Cell stress & chaperones},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {189-195},
pmid = {35366756},
issn = {1466-1268},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Free Radicals ; Humans ; Positive-Strand RNA Viruses ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {Free radical release due to oxidative stress is gaining importance in the field of viral pathogenesis. Recent studies suggest the involvement of oxidative stress and ROS levels in regulating disease virulence during RNA virus infection. Most of the RNA virus infections lead to vascular dysfunction and disease severity. However, the biology of free radicals in maintaining vascular endothelium integrity is not completely understood. In the present review, we discuss some of the common features in positive-strand RNA virus infections such as dengue and SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that anti-oxidant therapy could pave the way to develop therapeutic strategies in combating emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses.},
}
@article {pmid35325564,
year = {2022},
author = {Mishra, KP and Singh, M and Saraswat, D and Ganju, L and Varshney, R},
title = {Dysfunctional State of T Cells or Exhaustion During Chronic Viral Infections and COVID-19: A Review.},
journal = {Viral immunology},
volume = {35},
number = {4},
pages = {284-290},
doi = {10.1089/vim.2022.0002},
pmid = {35325564},
issn = {1557-8976},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continuously affecting the lives of millions of people. The virus is spread through the respiratory route to an uninfected person, causing mild-to-moderate respiratory disease-like symptoms that sometimes progress to severe form and can be fatal. When the host is infected with the virus, both innate and adaptive immunity comes into play. The effector T cells act as the master player of adaptive immune response in eradicating the virus from the system. But during cancer and chronic viral infections, the fate of an effector T cell is altered, and the T cell may enters a state of exhaustion, which is marked by loss of effector function, depleted proliferative capacity and cytotoxic effect accomplished by an increased expression of numerous inhibitory receptors such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), lymphocyte-activation protein 3 (LAG-3), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) on their surface. Various other transcriptional and epigenetic changes take place inside the T cell when it enters into an exhausted state. Latest studies point toward the induction of an abnormal immune response such as lymphopenia, cytokine storm, and T cell exhaustion during SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. This review sheds light on the dysfunctional state of T cells during chronic viral infection and COVID-19. Understanding the cause and the effect of T cell exhaustion observed during COVID-19 may help resolve new therapeutic potentials for treating chronic infections and other diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35314552,
year = {2022},
author = {Shonai, T and Kimura, F and Watanabe, J},
title = {Severe Immune Thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 Vaccination: Two Case Reports and a Literature Review.},
journal = {Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)},
volume = {61},
number = {10},
pages = {1581-1585},
doi = {10.2169/internalmedicine.9177-21},
pmid = {35314552},
issn = {1349-7235},
mesh = {Adult ; Aged ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prednisolone/therapeutic use ; *Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology ; *Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {We herein report two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). A 69-year-old Japanese man developed severe thrombocytopenia after COVID-19 vaccination. He had oral bleeding and hemoptysis but no thrombotic symptoms. He improved rapidly with oral prednisolone therapy. A 34-year-old Japanese woman had generalized purpura after COVID-19 vaccination. Her platelet count improved rapidly after treatment with prednisolone and eltrombopag. The occurrence of two cases of ITP after COVID-19 vaccination at a single institution suggests that there could be more such undiagnosed cases, especially cases of mild secondary ITP.},
}
@article {pmid35273132,
year = {2022},
author = {Panda, M and Agarwal, A and Hassanandani, T},
title = {Dermatological Manifestations of COVID-19 in Children.},
journal = {Indian pediatrics},
volume = {59},
number = {5},
pages = {393-399},
pmid = {35273132},
issn = {0974-7559},
mesh = {Adolescent ; Adult ; *COVID-19/complications/diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; *Exanthema/etiology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: The clinical picture of pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection differs from adults as do the cutaneous manifestations. In this review, we summarize the varied morphological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pediatric population.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A comprehensive literature search was conducted (23 September, 2021) across multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and Cochrane) with the relevant keywords. An additional filter of age group between 0-18 years was kept in each of the searches.
RESULTS: Chilblains constitute the most common cutaneous manifestation of pediatric coronavirus disease (covid-19). Other commonly reported manifestations include maculopapular rash, urticaria, erythema multiforme, and papulovesicular eruptions. Majority of children with these manifestations are asymptomatic, highlighting the need to clinically suspect and appropriately manage such patients. A subset of pediatric patients develop severe multisystem involvement termed as multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) that has varied mucocutaneous manifestations.
CONCLUSION: A wide variety of dermatological manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection is reported, and both the pediatrician and dermatologist need to be aware of the same to suspect and diagnose COVID-19 infection in children.},
}
@article {pmid35266905,
year = {2022},
author = {Hui, DSC and Zumla, A},
title = {Advances in the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, clinical management and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {166-173},
pmid = {35266905},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Respiratory Insufficiency ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The current article reviews the latest information on the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnostics, clinical management and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
RECENT FINDINGS: Atypical pneumonia due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 emerged in December 2019 in a market in Wuhan, China and rapidly evolved into a pandemic in March 2020. Viral loads of patients with COVID-19 peak in the first week of illness around day 2-4 and hence there is very high-transmission potential causing community outbreaks. Asymptomatic and presymptomatic transmission is a hallmark of COVID-19. Several variants of concern (VOC) have emerged over the last 2 years and Omicron is the predominant variant in many countries. PCR is the standard diagnostic test while rapid antigen test is a useful supplementary test. Serology tests provide indirect evidence of infection 1 -2 weeks after the onset of symptoms. Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir are oral antiviral agents that may reduce the risk of hospitalization and deaths if administered early to high-risk subjects. Remdesivir, baricitinib, anti-IL-6 tocilizumab and dexamethasone are frequently used for treatment of patients with respiratory failure.
SUMMARY: COVID-19 pandemic progresses relentlessly with substantial morbidity and mortality especially in unvaccinated subjects. Mass COVID-19 vaccinations are the most important measure for control of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35220372,
year = {2022},
author = {Günther, G and Ruswa, N and Keller, PM},
title = {Drug-resistant tuberculosis: advances in diagnosis and management.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {211-217},
doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000000866},
pmid = {35220372},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Child ; Humans ; *Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genetics ; Pandemics ; *Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant/diagnosis/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is undergoing substantial changes, owing availability of new diagnostic tools and drugs, coupled with global underdiagnosis and undertreatment. Recent developments are reviewed.
RECENT FINDINGS: Molecular diagnostics, for Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex detection and prediction of drug resistance, implemented in the last decade, accelerated TB diagnosis with improved case detection. Nevertheless, access and coverage of drug-resistance testing remain insufficient. Genome sequencing-technologies, based on targeted next-generation sequencing show early potential to mitigate some of the challenges in the future. The recommendation to use an all oral, bedaquiline based regimen for treatment of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB is major advancement in DR-TB care. TB regimen using new and repurposed TB drugs demonstrate in recent clinical trials like, NIX-TB, ZeNIX and TB PRACTECAL considerable treatment success, shorten treatment duration and reduce toxicity. Their optimal use is threatened by the rapid occurrence and spread of strains, resistant to new drugs. Children benefit only very slowly from the progress.
SUMMARY: There is notable progress in improved diagnosis and treatment of drug-resistant TB, but complicated by the COVID-19 pandemic the majority of TB patients worldwide don't have (yet) access to the advances.},
}
@article {pmid35200162,
year = {2022},
author = {Rudan, I and Adeloye, D and Sheikh, A},
title = {COVID-19: vaccines, efficacy and effects on variants.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {180-191},
doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000000868},
pmid = {35200162},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Ad26COVS1 ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We reviewed three leading strategies of vaccine development against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19): mRNA vaccines, adenoviral vector vaccines and recombinant nanoparticles. We also considered the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and their impact on the effectiveness of the most widely implemented vaccines.
RECENT FINDINGS: General properties, efficacy, safety and global uptake of Pfizer/BioNTech's Comirnaty (BNT162b2), Moderna's Spikevax (mRNA-1273), Oxford/AstraZeneca's ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, J&J/Janssen's Ad26.COV2.S and Novavax's NVX-CoV2373 vaccines at the end of the year 2021 were presented. We summarized the information on the effectiveness against COVID-19 infection, severe disease and death. We then focused on important missense mutations in the five variants of concern (VoC): Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron. We explored the evidence for the effectiveness of the vaccines against those five VoC.
SUMMARY: It is difficult to predict the further development of the COVID-19 pandemic. The development of vaccines of an increasingly broad spectrum against coronaviruses, more easily deliverable and conferring more durable immune protection is likely. However, the very large number of infections may lead to new mutations with unpredictable impacts. Interventions that would control COVID-19 more effectively and enable a safer coexistence with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and its emerging variants are still needed in early 2022.},
}
@article {pmid35189393,
year = {2022},
author = {Kalita, M and Payne, MM and Bossmann, SH},
title = {Glyco-nanotechnology: A biomedical perspective.},
journal = {Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine},
volume = {42},
number = {},
pages = {102542},
doi = {10.1016/j.nano.2022.102542},
pmid = {35189393},
issn = {1549-9642},
mesh = {Biomarkers ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; Humans ; *Metal Nanoparticles ; Polysaccharides ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; },
abstract = {Glycans govern cellular signaling through glycan-protein and glycan-glycan crosstalk. Disruption in the crosstalk initiates 'rogue' signaling and pathology. Nanomaterials supply platforms for multivalent displays of glycans, mediate 'rogue' signal correction, and provide disease treatment modalities (therapeutics). The decorated glycans also target overexpressed lectins on unhealthy cells and direct metal nanoparticles such as gold, iron oxide, and quantum dots to the site of infection. The nanoparticles inform us about the state of the disease (diagnosis) through their distinct optical, magnetic, and electronic properties. Glyco-nanoparticles can sense disease biomarkers, report changes in protein-glycan interactions, and safeguard quality control (analysis). Here we review the current state of glyco-nanotechnology focusing on diagnosis, therapeutics, and analysis of human diseases. We highlight how glyco-nanotechnology could aid in improving diagnostic methods for the detection of disease biomarkers with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorescence imaging (FLI), enhance therapeutics such as anti-adhesive treatment of cancer and vaccines against pneumonia, and advance analysis such as the rapid detection of pharmaceutical heparin contaminant and recombinant SARS-COV-2 spike protein. We illustrate these progressions and outline future potentials of glyco-nanotechnology in advancing human health.},
}
@article {pmid35152230,
year = {2022},
author = {Martin-Loeches, I and Nseir, S and Rodriguez, A and Azoulay, E},
title = {Disease-specific gaps within fungal respiratory tract infections: clinical features, diagnosis, and management in critically ill patients.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {218-224},
doi = {10.1097/MCP.0000000000000865},
pmid = {35152230},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Critical Illness ; Humans ; *Mycoses/diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We aim to examine the most recent findings in the area of invasive pulmonary fungal infections to determine the appropriate/and or lack of prevention measures and treatment of upper fungal respiratory tract infections in the critically ill.
RECENT FINDINGS: This will be addressed by focusing on the pathogens and prognosis over different bedridden periods in ICU patients, the occurrence of invasive fungal respiratory superinfections in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 which has been recently noted following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Relevant reports referenced within include randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, observational studies, systematic reviews, and international guidelines, where applicable. Of note, it is clear there is a significant gap in our knowledge regarding whether bacterial and fungal infections in coronavirus disease 2019 are directly attributable to SARS-CoV-2 or a consequence of factors such as managing high numbers of critically unwell patients, and the prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation/ICU admission duration of stay.
SUMMARY: An optimal diagnostic algorithm incorporating fungal biomarkers and molecular tools for early and accurate diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia, invasive aspergillosis, candidemia, and endemic mycoses continues to be limited clinically. There is a lack of standardized molecular approach to identify fungal pathogens directly in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and suboptimal diagnostic approaches for mould blood cultures, tissue culture processing for Mucorales, and fungal respiratory cultures (i.e., the routine use of bronchoscopic examination in ICU patients with influenza-associated pulmonary aspergillosis) for fungal point-of-care testing to detect and identify new, emerging or underrecognized, rare, or uncommon fungal pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid35142745,
year = {2022},
author = {Chan, VW and Asif, A and Koe, JS and Ng, A and Ng, CF and Teoh, JY},
title = {Implications and effects of COVID-19 on diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.},
journal = {Current opinion in urology},
volume = {32},
number = {3},
pages = {311-317},
pmid = {35142745},
issn = {1473-6586},
mesh = {Androgen Antagonists ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy/methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; *Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis/pathology/therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to uncertainty on the optimal management for prostate cancer (PCa). This narrative review aims to shed light on the optimal diagnosis and management of patients with or suspected to have PCa.
RECENT FINDINGS: Faecal-oral or aerosol transmission is possible during prostate procedures; caution must be in place when performing digital rectal examinations, transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsies and prostate surgeries requiring general anaesthesia. Patients must also be triaged using preoperative polymerase chain reaction tests for COVID-19. COVID-19 has accelerated the adoption of multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), reducing the need for prostate biopsy unless when absolutely indicated, and the risk of COVID-19 spread can be reduced. Combined with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density, amongst other factors, multiparametric MRI could reduce unnecessary biopsies in patients with little chance of clinically significant PCa. Treatment of PCa should be stratified by the risk level and preferences of the patient. COVID-19 has accelerated the development of telemedicine and clinicians should utilise safe and effective teleconsultations to protect themselves and their patients.
SUMMARY: COVID-19 transmission during prostate procedures is possible. Patients with a Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) of <3 and PSA density <0.15 ng/ml/ml are deemed low-risk and are safe to undergo surveillance without MRI-targeted biopsy. Intermediate- or high-risk patients should be offered definitive treatment within four months or 30days of diagnosis to avoid compromising treatment outcomes; three-month courses of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy can be considered when a delay of surgery is anticipated.},
}
@article {pmid35131989,
year = {2022},
author = {Daines, L and Zheng, B and Pfeffer, P and Hurst, JR and Sheikh, A},
title = {A clinical review of long-COVID with a focus on the respiratory system.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {174-179},
pmid = {35131989},
issn = {1531-6971},
support = {CAF/17/01/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; COV/LTE/20/15/CSO_/Chief Scientist Office/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology ; Cough ; Humans ; Respiratory System ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Persistence of symptoms after acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), often described as long- COVID, is common and debilitating. In this article, we review the epidemiology, clinical features, and research priorities for long-COVID focusing on the respiratory system.
RECENT FINDINGS: Breathlessness, cough and chest pain were the most commonly reported respiratory symptoms associated with long-COVID. In hospitalised patients, abnormalities on lung function testing or chest imaging were observed less commonly at 12 months compared to six months since discharge. Clinical assessment of patients with persisting symptoms after acute COVID-19 requires a comprehensive evaluation to exclude other possible causes for symptoms. With no robust current evidence for interventions to treat long-COVID respiratory symptoms, symptomatic treatment, supported self-management and pulmonary rehabilitation should be considered to help individuals with respiratory symptoms associated with long-COVID.
SUMMARY: Long-COVID is a debilitating syndrome that often includes persisting respiratory symptoms and to a lesser degree, abnormalities in lung physiology or imaging. Respiratory features of long-COVID may reduce over time, yet resolution is not seen in all cases. Future research is needed to understand the natural history of long-COVID, identify factors associated with spontaneous improvement/persistence, investigate mechanisms for persisting symptoms, and test interventions to prevent and treat long-COVID.},
}
@article {pmid35125406,
year = {2022},
author = {Sukhdeo, S and Lee, N},
title = {Influenza: clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {199-204},
pmid = {35125406},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Child ; Humans ; *Influenza Vaccines/therapeutic use ; *Influenza, Human/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Neuraminidase/genetics ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the clinico-epidemiological aspects of influenza in the context of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; the recent advances in point-of-care molecular diagnostics and co-detection of influenza and coronaviruses, and the development of new influenza therapeutics.
RECENT FINDINGS: Rates of influenza have declined globally since the 2020-2021 season; waning population immunity and uncertainty in vaccine strains could pose a risk in its significant resurgence, especially where pandemic public health interventions start being lifted. As symptoms are similar for influenza and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, accurate, rapid diagnostics are needed to guide management. In addition to neuraminidase inhibitors, newer class of antivirals including polymerase inhibitors show promise in treating influenza infections in adults, children, and high-risk individuals.
SUMMARY: This review summarizes the most recent data on rapid molecular diagnostics, including point-of-care tests and co-detection of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. The implications to inform clinical and infection control practices, and detection of antiviral resistance are discussed. The latest clinical trial data on neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors, their efficacy, limitations, and resistance concerns are reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid35102093,
year = {2022},
author = {Ison, MG},
title = {Respiratory viral infections in the immunocompromised.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {205-210},
pmid = {35102093},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; *Influenza, Human/drug therapy ; Pandemics ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: During much of the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory viruses other than SARS-CoV-2 did not infect immunocompromised patients. As mitigation strategies lighten, there has been a rapid resurgence of respiratory viruses globally. This review will summarize our current options for the management of the common respiratory viruses in transplant recipients.
RECENT FINDINGS: Expansion of the availability and increased utilization of multiplex molecular assays have allowed the recognition of the scope of respiratory virus infections in the transplant populations. New antivirals for influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), parainfluenza virus (PIV) and adenovirus show promise to improve outcomes of these important infections.
SUMMARY: Several new antiviral agents, including combination therapy of oseltamivir as well as baloxavir for influenza, fusion and nucleoprotein inhibitors for RSV, DAS181 for PIV and brincidofovir for adenovirus, hold promise to speed clearance of the virus, improve clinical outcomes and reduce the risk of resistance emergence.},
}
@article {pmid35102092,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Tawfiq, JA and El-Kafrawy, SA and McCloskey, B and Azhar, EI},
title = {COVID-19 and other respiratory tract infections at mass gathering religious and sporting events.},
journal = {Current opinion in pulmonary medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {3},
pages = {192-198},
pmid = {35102092},
issn = {1531-6971},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Islam ; Mass Gatherings ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Travel ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Mass gathering (MG) religious events provide ideal conditions for transmission and globalization of respiratory tract infections (RTIs). We review recent literature on COVID-19 and other RTIs at recurring international annual MG religious and sporting events.
RECENT FINDINGS: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic organizers of MG religious and sporting events introduced risk-based infection control measures that limited transmission of RTIs. The 2020 and 2021 Hajj were conducted with limited numbers of pilgrims compared to the annual millions of pilgrims. The Tokyo 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games were cancelled and held in 2021. The success of the COVID-19 countermeasures at the 2021 Hajj and 2021 Tokyo Olympics was based on implementing good public health and social measures alongside a comprehensive testing strategy.
SUMMARY: MG events are associated with transmission of a range of bacterial and viral RTIs. Introducing risk based a multitude of public health interventions can reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other RTIs.},
}
@article {pmid34964805,
year = {2022},
author = {Kennel, PJ and Rosenblum, H and Axsom, KM and Alishetti, S and Brener, M and Horn, E and Kirtane, AJ and Lin, E and Griffin, JM and Maurer, MS and Burkhoff, D and Sayer, G and Uriel, N},
title = {Remote Cardiac Monitoring in Patients With Heart Failure: A Review.},
journal = {JAMA cardiology},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {556-564},
doi = {10.1001/jamacardio.2021.5090},
pmid = {34964805},
issn = {2380-6591},
mesh = {Ambulatory Care ; *COVID-19 ; *Heart Failure/epidemiology ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Importance: Heart failure (HF) is often characterized by an insidious disease course leading to frequent rehospitalizations and a high use of ambulatory care. Remote cardiac monitoring is a promising approach to detect worsening HF early and intervene prior to an overt decompensation.
Observations: Recently, a multitude of novel technologies for remote cardiac monitoring (RCM) in patients with HF have been developed and are undergoing clinical trials. This development has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Conclusions and Relevance: This review summarizes the major clinical trials on RCM in patients with HF and present the most recent developments in noninvasive and invasive RCM technologies.},
}
@article {pmid34961641,
year = {2022},
author = {Khardori, N},
title = {Vaccines and vaccine resistance: Past, present and future.},
journal = {Indian journal of medical microbiology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {187-192},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.12.008},
pmid = {34961641},
issn = {1998-3646},
mesh = {Animals ; *COVID-19 ; Cattle ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Edward Jenner, by any definition would be considered the father of vaccinology. His use of cow pox virus for vaccinating against small pox is the prime example of a live vaccine. Using a virus that has very low virulence for humans and therefore, fits the definition of attenuated. Hesitancy towards a vaccine of this type, much before the science of microbiology and immunology were established, would have been justifiable. In the first half of 20th century, large number of vaccines became available for childhood diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. Around the same time global travel and trade led to escalation in the widespread transmission of diseases caused by microbes.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this narrative is to offer a balanced view of science behind vaccines, their current status and advances expected in the near future. At the same time the various types of reactions from public at large towards vaccines over past decades are reviewed.
CONTENT: This narrative provides a historical perspective of vaccine development, reviews mechanisms of vaccine induced protection, currently available vaccine technologies and vaccines. The focus is on newer vaccines including those utilizing viral vectors and gene based vaccines. Based on the times during which this narrative is being written, messenger RNA vaccines are discussed in detail.
CONCLUSION: The content and review of literature offered in this review makes the impact of vaccines on human life clear. It is also to be accepted that resistance and hesitation towards vaccines is nothing new or limited to vaccines being used during the ongoing pandemic of Covid 19. The continued development of science and products of vaccinology is necessary for further impact on human life. The development of a strong public health infrastructure by nations around the world is the key to improve upon current efforts at public awareness, proactive interventions and appropriate vaccine utilization during all times. Preparedness for epidemics and pandemics would then become more and more efficient than currently in existence.},
}
@article {pmid34931983,
year = {2022},
author = {Rais, N and Ahmad, R and Ved, A and Parveen, K and Ishrat, T and Prakash, O and Shadab, M and Bari, DG and Siddiqui, NA},
title = {Diabetes Mellitus during the Pandemic Covid-19: Prevalence, Pathophysiology, Mechanism, and Management: An updated overview.},
journal = {Current diabetes reviews},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {23-40},
doi = {10.2174/1573399817666210712160651},
pmid = {34931983},
issn = {1875-6417},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology/therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is among the most frequently reported comorbidities in patients tainted with the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). With a high pervasiveness of diabetes mellitus, there is an urgency to understand the special aspects of COVID-19 in hyperglycemic patients. Diabetic patients are at higher risk than the general population of viral or bacterial infections, thus require special attention since diabetes is linked with severe, critical, and lethal modes of COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to focus on epidemiology, pathophysiology, mechanism, and management of DM with COVID-19.
METHODS: The search was carried out on databases portals such as Pubmed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and CINAHL with the keywords, i.e., COVID-19, coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, diabetes, covid-19, etc. Result: DM and COVID-19 disease conditions can impact each other in terms of clinical progression and outcome. Available laboratory/clinical observations suggest that hyperglycemia-induced immune dysfunction, inflated lactate grades, and cytokines storm may play critical roles in the seriousness of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes; however, the exact mechanisms linking diabetes and COVID-19 remain to be further clarified.
CONCLUSION: Standards to constrain the disease spread at the individual and community level are the key to extenuate the speedily rising pandemic, while definitive treatment, like plasma therapy, chemoprophylaxis, or vaccine for COVID-19, has yet to be discovered.},
}
@article {pmid34886756,
year = {2022},
author = {Hansda, A and Biswas, D and Bhatta, A and Chakravorty, N and Mukherjee, G},
title = {Plasma therapy: a passive resistance against the deadliest.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {2006026},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2021.2006026},
pmid = {34886756},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Animals ; Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Viral ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Immunization, Passive ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Convalescent plasma therapy provides a useful therapeutic tool to treat infectious diseases, especially where no specific therapeutic strategies have been identified. The ongoing pandemic puts back the spotlight on this age-old method as a viable treatment option. In this review, we discuss the usage of this therapy in different diseases including COVID-19, and the possible mechanisms of action. The current review also discusses the progress of therapeutic applications of blood-derivatives, from the simple transfer of immunized animal sera, to the more target-specific intravenous administration of human immunoglobulins from a pool of convalescent individuals, in both infectious and non-infectious diseases of various etiologies.},
}
@article {pmid34802405,
year = {2022},
author = {Panteli, AE and Theofilis, P and Vordoni, A and Vlachopanos, G and Koukoulaki, M and Kalaitzidis, RG},
title = {A Narrative Review of Recent Studies on the Role of Vitamin D in the Prevention of Cardiac and Renal Risk and Additional Considerations for COVID-19 Vulnerability.},
journal = {Current vascular pharmacology},
volume = {20},
number = {2},
pages = {168-177},
doi = {10.2174/1570161119666211119142746},
pmid = {34802405},
issn = {1875-6212},
mesh = {Albuminuria ; *COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Vitamin D/therapeutic use ; *Vitamin D Deficiency/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Vitamins/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {The role of vitamin D in maintaining a healthy cardiovascular (CV) and the renal system has received increasing attention. Low vitamin D levels are associated with the incidence of hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and chronic congestive heart failure. Low vitamin D levels also influence renal disease progression and albuminuria deterioration. Moreover, recent research indicates that vitamin D deficiency can be a potential risk factor for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) infection and poorer outcomes. Data are inconclusive as to whether supplementation with vitamin D agents reduces CV disease risk or COVID-19 severity. Conversely, in patients with kidney disease, vitamin D supplementation is associated with an improvement in kidney function and albuminuria. This narrative review considers recent data on the effects of vitamin D on the CV and renal system, as well as its possible role regarding COVID-19 complications.},
}
@article {pmid34773963,
year = {2022},
author = {Saini, N and Lather, V and Gahlawat, SK},
title = {Exploring Phytochemicals from Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Novel Therapeutic Agents.},
journal = {Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry},
volume = {22},
number = {9},
pages = {1674-1698},
doi = {10.2174/1871520621666211015141020},
pmid = {34773963},
issn = {1875-5992},
mesh = {*Biological Products/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Drug Discovery ; Humans ; Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Over-prescription of medicines leads to some crucial health issues like resistance, non-specificity, etc. Therefore, a human consumes various natural foods, therapeutics, and nutritional supplements to combat this problem. Various therapeutic properties of secondary metabolites, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial properties, are important in drug discovery and medicinal application. These natural products have replaced synthetic materials, resulting in a great deal of sustainability, rational use, and preservation of biodiversity. This review described the potential therapeutic applications of secondary plant metabolites found in Himalayan Indian plants. The database contains 45 plants to treat various diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, and microbial infections. Besides authorized ITIS names, it includes Hindi names, family names, and active constituents. The most important information about the molecules can be found in the hyperlinks for the active constituents. It includes structures (two-dimensional and threedimensional), names and identifiers, chemical and physical properties, spectral information, biochemistry, literature and patents. The review also references various phytochemicals responsible for preventing COVID-19. Despite several challenges in manufacturing natural products, researchers may conduct research to produce successful medicines with few side effects.},
}
@article {pmid34529497,
year = {2022},
author = {Almubark, BM and Majrashi, N and Alghusun, N and Alhammad, M and Alhthifi, F and Alyahya, RSW},
title = {Telehealth Clinical Practice Guide for Occupational Therapy, Physical Therapy, and Speech and Language Pathology: A Saudi and Middle Eastern Guide.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {636-642},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2021.0021},
pmid = {34529497},
issn = {1556-3669},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Occupational Therapy ; Physical Therapy Modalities ; Saudi Arabia ; Speech ; Speech Therapy ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {Telehealth refers to the application of telecommunications technology to deliver clinical services at a distance by linking clinician to patient, caregiver, or any person(s) involved in client care for assessment, intervention, consultation, and supervision. Telehealth for occupational therapy (OT), physical therapy (PT), and speech and language pathology (SLP) have produced service delivery venues that are of great benefit during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The concept of telehealth for rehabilitation services is relatively new in the Middle East, and no specialty-specific clinical practice standards or guidelines are published to guide the rehabilitation practitioners. Therefore, a specialty-specific telehealth practice guide for rehabilitation practitioners has been developed by an expert panel in the field of rehabilitation. This guide is documented in this article. Such a guide will be beneficial when providing tele-evaluation, teleintervention/telerehabilitation, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring through communication technologies. The purpose of this guide is to enable understanding of core telehealth clinical principles and aid the provision of OT, PT, and SLP telehealth services in Saudi Arabia. Also, the guide can potentially be implemented in other Middle Eastern countries. The guide is based on key telehealth guidelines involving the American Occupational Therapy Association telehealth resources, American Physical Therapy Association, American Speech and Hearing Association, telemedicine policies in Saudi Arabia by the national health information center at the Saudi Health Council, and a blueprint for telerehabilitation guidelines that are based on the American Telemedicine Association's Core Standards for Telemedicine Operations.},
}
@article {pmid34520854,
year = {2022},
author = {Piña, IL and Allen, LA and Desai, NR},
title = {Policy and Payment Challenges in the Postpandemic Treatment of Heart Failure: Value-Based Care and Telehealth.},
journal = {Journal of cardiac failure},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {835-844},
doi = {10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.08.019},
pmid = {34520854},
issn = {1532-8414},
support = {UL1 TR001863/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Health Policy ; *Heart Failure/epidemiology/therapy ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {Increasing patient and therapeutic complexity have created both challenges and opportunities for heart failure care. Within this background, the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic has disrupted care as usual, accelerating the need for transition from volume-based to value-based care, and demanding a rapid expansion of telehealth and remote care for heart failure. Patients, clinicians, health systems, and payors have by necessity become more invested in these issues. Herein we review recent changes in health care policy related to the movement from volume to value-based payment and from in-person to remote care delivery.},
}
@article {pmid34520277,
year = {2022},
author = {Summers, AI and Kuo, A and Zaback, T and Loh, AR and Brinks, MV and Hribar, MR},
title = {Pediatric Ophthalmology Provider and Staff Attitudes and Patient Satisfaction in Telehealth Implementation During COVID-19.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {675-681},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2021.0189},
pmid = {34520277},
issn = {1556-3669},
mesh = {Attitude of Health Personnel ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Child ; Humans ; *Ophthalmology ; Pandemics ; Patient Satisfaction ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Telemedicine ; },
abstract = {Purpose: Describe a comprehensive overview of a telehealth implementation process that highlights attitudes and satisfaction scores toward telehealth from patients, providers, and staff in an academic pediatric ophthalmology practice during the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: The electronic medical record data for telehealth and in-person visits, as well as a patient experience survey in pediatric ophthalmology were retrospectively reviewed for March 1 to July 31, 2020 and March 1 to July 31, 2019. Patient experience survey results were retrospectively reviewed. All current providers and staff were invited to participate in an anonymous and voluntary survey focused on attitudes at the time of telehealth implementation. Results: During March 1 to July 31, 2020, there was significant increase in telehealth visits (n = 1,006) compared with the same period in 2019 (n = 22). Evaluation and management (E & M) codes (n = 527) were the most commonly used billing codes, and strabismus, nystagmus, and irregular eye movement (n = 496) were the most common telehealth primary diagnoses. The telehealth attitudes survey showed more positive responses from providers than staff. The patient experience survey showed more favorable scores for telehealth visits compared with clinic visits. However, only about 50% of the respondents were satisfied with the technology in terms of ease and quality of connection during their telehealth visits. Conclusions: Telehealth was a satisfactory alternative to clinic visits in our academic pediatric ophthalmology practice during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Providers and staff had largely positive attitudes toward telehealth; however, future efforts should include strategies to increase staff buy in. Patients had high satisfaction scores with telehealth visits despite connection challenges.},
}
@article {pmid34493193,
year = {2022},
author = {Hezam, K and Mo, R and Wang, C and Liu, Y and Li, Z},
title = {Anti-inflammatory Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Secretomes in Pneumonia.},
journal = {Current pharmaceutical biotechnology},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {1153-1167},
doi = {10.2174/1389201022666210907115126},
pmid = {34493193},
issn = {1873-4316},
support = {2017YFA0103200//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; U2004126//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Humans ; *Lung Diseases ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Mesenchymal Stem Cells ; *Pneumonia/therapy ; *Respiratory Distress Syndrome/therapy ; Secretome ; },
abstract = {Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that play crucial roles in the microenvironment of injured tissues. The potential therapeutics of MSCs have attracted extensive attention for several diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. MSC-extracellular vesicles have been isolated from MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) with similar functional effects as parent MSCs. The therapeutic role of MSCs can be achieved through the balance between the inflammatory and regenerative microenvironments. Clinical settings of MSCs and their extracellular vesicles remain promising for many diseases, such as ARDS and pneumonia. However, their clinical applications remain limited due to the cost of growing and storage facilities of MSCs with a lack of standardized MSC-CM. This review highlights the proposed role of MSCs in pulmonary diseases and discusses the recent advances of MSC application for pneumonia and other lung disorders.},
}
@article {pmid34473619,
year = {2022},
author = {Ge, C and Zhang, L and Xie, L and Kong, R and Zhang, H and Chang, S},
title = {COVID-19 Imaging-based AI Research - A Literature Review.},
journal = {Current medical imaging},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {496-508},
doi = {10.2174/1573405617666210902103729},
pmid = {34473619},
issn = {1573-4056},
support = {BK20191032//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; 22003020//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; CJ20200045, CE20205033//Changzhou Sci. & Tech. Program/ ; },
mesh = {Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19 Testing ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly around the world. Artificial Intelligence (AI) assisted identification and detection of diseases is an effective method of medical diagnosis.
OBJECTIVES: To present recent advances in AI-assisted diagnosis of COVID-19, we introduce major aspects of AI in the process of diagnosing COVID-19.
METHODS: In this paper, we firstly cover the latest collection and processing methods of datasets of COVID-19. The processing methods mainly include building public datasets, transfer learning, unsupervised learning and weakly supervised learning, semi-supervised learning methods and so on. Secondly, we introduce the algorithm application and evaluation metrics of AI in medical imaging segmentation and automatic screening. Then, we introduce the quantification and severity assessment of infection in COVID-19 patients based on image segmentation and automatic screening. Finally, we analyze and point out the current AI-assisted diagnosis of COVID-19 problems, which may provide useful clues for future work.
CONCLUSION: AI is critical for COVID-19 diagnosis. Combining chest imaging with AI can not only save time and effort, but also provide more accurate and efficient medical diagnosis results.},
}
@article {pmid34396925,
year = {2022},
author = {Sokou, R and Konstantinidi, A and Boutsikou, T and Iliodromiti, Z and Iacovidou, N},
title = {Breastfeeding in the era of COVID-19. A narrative review.},
journal = {Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology},
volume = {42},
number = {4},
pages = {539-545},
doi = {10.1080/01443615.2021.1929112},
pmid = {34396925},
issn = {1364-6893},
mesh = {Antibodies, Viral ; Breast Feeding ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Human milk is the best possible nutrition for infants, as it supplies them with nutrients, bioactive molecules as well as antibodies, which contribute to immune maturation, organ development, and healthy microbial colonisation. Few situations are considered definitive contraindications for breastfeeding. The disastrous Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic raised many health issues, including the safety of breastfeeding for infants born to affected mothers. To date relevant data are limited. This review will make an account of the published data so far, regarding the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 via human milk; it will also present the current feeding recommendations, issued by several international boards, though not always in agreement, for infants born to mothers suspected or positive for SARS-CoV-2. In most studies existing so far on women with COVID-19, the virus was not detected in breastmilk. Based on currently available data, it seems that breastfeeding and human milk are not contraindicated for infants born to mothers suspected or confirmed with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid34365928,
year = {2022},
author = {Sibiya, N and Mbatha, B and Arineitwe, C and Onyekwuluje, C and Ngubane, P and Khathi, A},
title = {Covid 19 May Limit the Use of Anti-hyperglycemic Agents. Does it Call for the Development of New Anti-hyperglycemic Agents?.},
journal = {Current diabetes reviews},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {77-86},
doi = {10.2174/1573399817666210806114200},
pmid = {34365928},
issn = {1875-6417},
mesh = {*Acidosis, Lactic/chemically induced ; *COVID-19/complications/drug therapy ; *Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; *Hypoglycemia/chemically induced ; Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Diabetes mellitus has been identified as a major risk factor for developing severe COVID 19 complications. In this review article, the efforts were directed to provide insights and the possible extent to which some diabetic pharmacological interventions may exacerbate COVID 19 or may not be idyllic options for COVID 19 patients. Articles reviewed were identified using the Google scholar database, and search was done using the English language. Anti-hyperglycemic is associated with undesirable effects including episodes of hypoglycemia, diarrhea, lactic acidosis, and increased risks of cardiovascular and hepatic hazards. These undesirable effects associated with the anti-hyperglycemic agents possess a threat of developing severe COVID19 complications Therefore, this calls for more studies to understand the extent of the risks these agents possess in diabetic COVID 19 patients. Almost all the anti-hyperglycemic agents have the potential to worsen COVID 19, despite their class. COVID 19 may limit the options in terms of available anti-hyperglycemic agents which may not heighten the risk of developing severe COVID 19 complications. The research towards the discovery and development of new compounds and also new therapeutic targets for hyperglycemia should be encouraged and welcome.},
}
@article {pmid34259613,
year = {2022},
author = {Whaley, KJ and Zeitlin, L},
title = {Emerging antibody-based products for infectious diseases: Planning for metric ton manufacturing.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {1930847},
pmid = {34259613},
issn = {2164-554X},
support = {U19 AI142764/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI142777/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; U19 AI142785/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 ; Commerce ; *Communicable Diseases ; Humans ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {This review focuses on the emerging monoclonal antibody market for infectious diseases and the metric ton scale manufacturing requirements to meet global demand. Increasing access to existing antibody-based products coupled with the unmet need in infectious disease will likely exceed the current existing global manufacturing capacity. Further, the large numbers of individuals infected during epidemics such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic emphasizes the need to plan for metric ton manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies by expanding infrastructure and exploring alternative production systems.},
}
@article {pmid34191682,
year = {2022},
author = {Hickey, AJ and Stewart, IE},
title = {Inhaled antibodies: Quality and performance considerations.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {1940650},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2021.1940650},
pmid = {34191682},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Administration, Inhalation ; Aerosols/therapeutic use ; Antibodies/therapeutic use ; *Asthma ; *COVID-19 ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; Dry Powder Inhalers ; Humans ; },
abstract = {The use of antibodies in the treatment of lung diseases is of increasing interest especially as the search for COVID-19 therapies has unfolded. Historically, the use of antibody therapy was based on multiple targets including receptors involved in local hyper-reactivity in asthma, viruses and micro-organisms involved in a variety of pulmonary infectious disease. Generally, protein therapeutics pose challenges with respect to formulation and delivery to retain activity and assure therapy. The specificity of antibodies amplifies the need for attention to molecular integrity not only in formulation but also during aerosol delivery for pulmonary administration. Drug product development can be viewed from considerations of route of administration, dosage form, quality, and performance measures. Nebulizers and dry powder inhalers have been used to deliver protein therapeutics and each has its advantages that should be matched to the needs of the drug and the disease. This review offers insight into quality and performance barriers and the opportunities that arise from meeting them effectively.},
}
@article {pmid35577156,
year = {2022},
author = {Chow, DY and Jiang, X and You, JHS},
title = {Information technology-based versus face-to-face cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.048},
pmid = {35577156},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We aimed to systematically review the efficacy of information technology-based cognitive behavioural therapy (ICBT) versus face-to-face cognitive behavioural therapy (FCBT) for management of anxiety and depression in adult patients.
METHODS: Systematic literature search for clinical trials comparing ICBT to FCBT in adults diagnosed with anxiety or depression was conducted. Quantitative analyses were performed to examine the efficacy of ICBT versus FCBT. Primacy outcome was change in symptom severity.
RESULTS: A total of 11 publications (10 studies and 896 participants) were included. The pooled effect size of ICBT versus FCBT did not find significant difference for post-treatment anxiety or depressive symptoms severity (Hedges' g = -0.07; 95% CI = -0.20 to 0.06), and ICBT was non-inferior to FCBT (at Cohen's d = 0.3). Maintenance of treatment efficacy also showed no significant difference between ICBT and FCBT at 6 months (g = -0.14, 95% CI = -0.42 to 0.14) and 12 months (g = -0.05, 95% CI = -0.41 to 0.32) post-treatment. Adherence rate was lower in ICBT than FCBT but did not achieve statistically significance (61% vs 88%; RR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.74 to1.00). Results were not affected by study quality.
LIMITATIONS: The examination of study heterogeneity was limited by the small number of studies.
CONCLUSIONS: We found non-inferior performance of ICBT versus FCBT in reducing symptoms in patients diagnosed of anxiety or depressive disorders. With the social-distancing measures amid COVID-19 pandemic, service providers should give serious consideration with great caution in the decision-making process of offering ICBT to patients.},
}
@article {pmid35577079,
year = {2022},
author = {Chatterjee, A and Saha, R and Mishra, A and Shilkar, D and Jayaprakash, V and Sharma, P and Sarkar, B},
title = {Molecular determinants, clinical manifestations and effects of immunization on cardiovascular health during COVID-19 pandemic era - A review.},
journal = {Current problems in cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101250},
doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101250},
pmid = {35577079},
issn = {1535-6280},
abstract = {The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has enveloped the world into an unprecedented pandemic since 2019. Significant damage to multiple organs, such as the lungs and heart, has been extensively reported. Cardiovascular injury by ACE2 downregulation, hypoxia-induced myocardial injury, and systemic inflammatory responses complicate the disease. This virus causes multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with similar symptoms to adult SARS-CoV-2-induced myocarditis. While several treatment strategies and immunization programs have been implemented to control the menace of this disease, the risk of long-term cardiovascular damage associated with the disease has not been adequately assessed. In this review, we surveyed and summarized all the available information on the effects of COVID-19 on cardiovascular health as well as comorbidities. We also examined several case reports on post-immunization cardiovascular complications.},
}
@article {pmid35577077,
year = {2022},
author = {Kazantsev, AN and Korotkikh, AV and Zharova, AS and Chernykh, KP and Bagdavadze, GS and Kharchilava, EU and Lider, RY and Kazantseva, YG and Solotenkova, KN and Zakharova, KL},
title = {CAROTID ENADRTERECTOMY FOR INTERNAL CAROTID THROMBOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH COVID-19.},
journal = {Current problems in cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101252},
doi = {10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101252},
pmid = {35577077},
issn = {1535-6280},
abstract = {GOAL: Analysis of the results of emergency carotid endarterectomy (CEE) against the background of internal carotid artery (ICA) thrombosis in the acute period of acute cerebrovascular accident (ACVI) in patients with COVID-19 MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020 - May 1, 2021), 43 patients with ICA thrombosis and a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result for SARS-CoV-2 were included in this prospective study. In all cases, CEE was performed in the acutest period of ACVA. These patients were included in group 1. The comparison group was represented by 89 patients who underwent CEE in the acute period of stroke, in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2019 - March 1, 2020).
RESULTS: According to laboratory parameters, patients with COVID-19 had severe coagulopathy (with an increase in D-dimer: 3832 ± 627.2 ng / ml, fibrinogen: 12.6 ± 3.1 g / l, prothrombin: 155.7 ± 10, 2%), inflammatory syndrome (increased ferritin: 646.2 ± 56.1 ng / ml, C-reactive protein: 161.3 ± 17.2 mg / L, interleukin-6: 183.3 ± 51.7 pg / ml, leukocytosis: 27.3 ± 1.7 10E9 / l). In the hospital postoperative period, the groups were comparable in terms of the incidence of deaths (group 1: 2.3%, n = 1; group 2: 1.1%, n = 1; p = 0.81; OR = 2.09; 95 % CI = 0.12 - 34.3) myocardial infarction (group 1: 2.3%, n = 1; group 2: 0%; p = 0.7; OR = 6.3; 95% CI = 0, 25 - 158.5), CVA (group 1: 2.3%, n = 1; group 2: 2.2%, n = 2; p = 0.55; OR = 1.03; 95% CI = 0, 09 - 11.7). ICA thrombosis and hemorrhagic transformations were not recorded. However, due to severe coagulopathy with ongoing anticoagulant / antiplatelet therapy, patients with COVID-19 more often developed bleeding in the operation area (group 1: 11.6%, n = 5; group 2: 1.1%, n = 1; p = 0.02; OR = 11.5; 95% CI = 1.3 - 102.5). In all cases, the flow of hemorrhagic discharge came from the drainage localized in the subcutaneous fat. This made it possible to remove skin sutures in a dressing room, suturing the source of bleeding and applying secondary sutures under local anesthesia.
CONCLUSION: Emergency CEE in the acute period of stroke is an effective and safe method of cerebral revascularization in case of ICA thrombosis in conditions of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35576777,
year = {2022},
author = {Wei, J and Hui, AM},
title = {The paradigm shift in treatment from Covid-19 to oncology with mRNA vaccines.},
journal = {Cancer treatment reviews},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {102405},
doi = {10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102405},
pmid = {35576777},
issn = {1532-1967},
abstract = {mRNA vaccines have gained popularity over the last decade as a versatile tool for developing novel therapeutics. The recent success of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) mRNA vaccine has unlocked the potential of mRNA technology as a powerful therapeutic platform. In this review, we apprise the literature on the various types of cancer vaccines, the novel platforms available for delivery of the vaccines, the recent progress in the RNA-based therapies and the evolving role of mRNA vaccines for various cancer indications, along with a future strategy to treat the patients. Literature reveals that despite multifaceted challenges in the development of mRNA vaccines, the promising and durable efficacy of the RNA in pre-clinical and clinical studies deserves consideration. The introduction of mRNA-transfected DC vaccine is an approach that has gained interest for cancer vaccine development due to its ability to circumvent the necessity of DC isolation, ex vivo cultivation and re-infusion. The selection of appropriate antigen of interest remains one of the major challenges for cancer vaccine development. The rapid development and large-scale production of mRNA platform has enabled for the development of both personalized vaccines (mRNA 4157, mRNA 4650 and RO7198457) and tetravalent vaccines (BNT111 and mRNA-5671). In addition, mRNA vaccines combined with checkpoint modulators and other novel medications that reverse immunosuppression show promise, however further research is needed to discover which combinations are most successful and the best dosing schedule for each component. Each delivery route (intradermal, subcutaneous, intra tumoral, intranodal, intranasal, intravenous) has its own set of challenges to overcome, and these challenges will decide the best delivery method. In other words, while developing a vaccine design, the underlying motivation should be a reasonable combination of delivery route and format. Exploring various administration routes and delivery route systems has boosted the development of mRNA vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35576613,
year = {2022},
author = {Diep, PT and Chaudry, M and Dixon, A and Chaudry, F and Kasabri, V},
title = {Oxytocin, the panacea for long-COVID? a review.},
journal = {Hormone molecular biology and clinical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/hmbci-2021-0034},
pmid = {35576613},
issn = {1868-1891},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: In this hypothesis paper we explore the underlying mechanisms for long-COVID and how the oxytocinergic neurones could be infected by SARS-CoV-2 leading to a reduction in plasma oxytocin (OXT). Furthermore, we aim to review the relevance of OXT and hypothalamic function in recovery from long-COVID symptoms and pathology, through exploring the pro-health effects of the OXT neuropeptide.
METHODS: A review of published literature was surveyed using Google Scholar and PubMed.
RESULTS: Numerous experimental data can be shown to correlate with OXT and long-COVID symptoms and conditions, thus providing strong circumstantial evidence to support our hypothesis. It is postulated that the reduction in plasma OXT due to acute and post-viral damage to the hypothalamus and oxytocinergic neurones contributes to the variable multi-system, remitting and relapsing nature of long-COVID. The intranasal route of OXT application was determined to be most appropriate and clinically relevant for the restoration of oxytocinergic function post COVID-19 infection.
CONCLUSIONS: We believe it is imperative to further investigate whether OXT alleviates the prolonged suffering of patients with long-COVID. Succinctly, OXT may be the much-needed post-pandemic panacea.},
}
@article {pmid35576586,
year = {2022},
author = {Assoumou, SA and Peterson, A and Ginman, E and James, T and Pierre, CM and Hamilton, S and Chapman, S and Goldie, J and Koenig, R and Mendez-Escobar, E and Leaver, H and Graham, R and Crichlow, R and Weaver, T and Cotterell, S and Valdez, G and Nueces, DL and Scott, NA and Linas, BP and Martin Cherry, P},
title = {Addressing Inequities in SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Uptake: The Boston Medical Center Health System Experience.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/M22-0028},
pmid = {35576586},
issn = {1539-3704},
abstract = {Academic medical centers could play an important role in increasing access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, especially in Black and Latino communities that have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic. This article describes the vaccination program developed by the Boston Medical Center (BMC) health system (New England's largest safety-net health system), its affiliated community health centers (CHCs), and community partners. The program was based on a conceptual framework for community interventions and aimed to increase equitable access to vaccination in the hardest-hit communities through community-based sites in churches and community centers, mobile vaccination events, and vaccination on the BMC campus. Key strategies included a communication campaign featuring trusted messengers, a focus on health equity, established partnerships with community leaders and CHCs, and strong collaboration with local health departments and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to ensure equitable allocation of the vaccine supply. Process factors involved the use of robust analytics relying on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Social Vulnerability Index (SVI). The vaccination program administered 109 938 first doses, with 94 703 (86%) given at community sites and 2466 (2%) given at mobile sites. Mobile vaccination events were key in reaching younger people living in locations with the highest SVIs. Challenges included the need for a robust operational infrastructure and mistrust of the health system given the long history of economic disinvestment in the surrounding community. The BMC model could serve as a blueprint for other medical centers interested in implementing programs aimed at increasing vaccine uptake during a pandemic and in developing an infrastructure to address other health-related disparities.},
}
@article {pmid35576320,
year = {2022},
author = {Mazahir, FA and Al Qamari, AM},
title = {Personal protective equipment (PPE) and plastic pollution during COVID-19: strategies for a sustainable environment.},
journal = {Reviews on environmental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/reveh-2022-0024},
pmid = {35576320},
issn = {2191-0308},
abstract = {Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, plastic medical waste poses significant threat to our land, aquatic and atmospheric ecosystems via generation of criteria pollutants (micro/nano plastics and greenhouse gas emissions). Global strategic planning is urgently needed for environmental sustainability coupled with integrated efforts by the governments, industries and academia. Rational utilization of single-use plastic-based PPE with efficient recycling and waste disposal methods should be adopted as interim strategies till more sustainable solutions are designed and implemented. Redesigning plastic production decoupled from fossil fuels, such as Bioplastics, is a way towards sustainable plastic alternatives.},
}
@article {pmid35576080,
year = {2022},
author = {Grimmett, E and Al-Share, B and Alkassab, MB and Zhou, RW and Desai, A and Rahim, MMA and Woldie, I},
title = {Cancer vaccines: past, present and future; a review article.},
journal = {Discover. Oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {31},
pmid = {35576080},
issn = {2730-6011},
abstract = {Immunotherapy and vaccines have revolutionized disease treatment and prevention. Vaccines against infectious diseases have been in use for several decades. In contrast, only few cancer vaccines have been approved for human use. These include preventative vaccines against infectious agents associated with cancers, and therapeutic vaccines used as immunotherapy agents to treat cancers. Challenges in developing cancer vaccines include heterogeneity within and between cancer types, screening and identification of appropriate tumour-specific antigens, and the choice of vaccine delivery platforms. Recent advances in all of these areas and the lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccines have significantly boosted interest in cancer vaccines. Further advances in these areas are expected to facilitate development of effective novel cancer vaccines. In this review, we aim to discuss the past, the present, and the future of cancer vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35576054,
year = {2022},
author = {Das, K and Patil, A and Goren, A and Cockerell, CJ and Goldust, M},
title = {Androgens and COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of cosmetic dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jocd.15090},
pmid = {35576054},
issn = {1473-2165},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The humans have been disproportionately affected by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The novel coronavirus or the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV2) causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread across the globe. Androgens have been suggested to have a role in COVID-19 pathogenesis.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review article is to study the link between androgens and COVID-19.
METHODOLOGY: PubMed and Google Scholar search was performed to retrieve literature related to the topic. Review articles, clinical trials, retrospective studies, observational studies and case-control studies were considered for the review.
RESULTS: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected men are more inclined to be hospitalised for intensive care unit (ICU) as compared to women. This difference in the ICU admissions provides some clue for possible influence of androgens in the severity of COVID-19. The contribution of androgen and androgen receptor in COVID-19 disease and its severity, as well as the numerous medications targeting androgen and its receptor for lowering COVID-19 disease severity, are discussed in this review. Available literature suggests the role of androgen in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19. Sensitivity for androgen may be an important factor in regulating the severity of COVID-19 disease.
CONCLUSION: There is a scope for development of COVID-19 treatments based on androgen suppression. Clinical trials may furnish pivotal data and add more evidence-based options for the management of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35576015,
year = {2022},
author = {Schilling, C and Meyer-Lindenberg, A and Schweiger, JI},
title = {[Cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances in long COVID].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35576015},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the last 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, knowledge about the long-term effects of the disease, the so-called long COVID, has rapidly grown; however, many questions remain unanswered, especially regarding the causes of persistent symptoms and their prognosis. Cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances are among the most frequent complaints. Both are associated with severe suffering and significant impairment in everyday functioning.
OBJECTIVE: What is known about the occurrence of cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances in long COVID? What are the influencing factors and what is known about the course over time and possible underlying mechanisms? What treatment options are available?
MATERIAL AND METHOD: In a narrative review, the most important findings on cognitive disorders and sleep disturbances in long COVID are presented. An overview of cohort studies with data on the prevalence and influencing factors of both symptom complexes is given. Current knowledge and hypotheses on pathophysiological mechanisms are presented and an outlook on treatment approaches is given.
RESULTS: About one in five of those affected report cognitive impairment more than 3 months after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and about one third report sleep disturbances. The latter comprise symptoms of insomnia as well as hypersomnia. Cognitive impairment and sleep disturbances occur in patients with all levels of initial disease severity. There are indications of an improvement of cognitive deficits over time but further longitudinal studies are needed.
CONCLUSION: In addition to the prognosis, the underlying disease mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. Furthermore, there is a great need for research on the efficacy and specific effective factors of therapeutic interventions.},
}
@article {pmid35575987,
year = {2022},
author = {Gadó, K and Kovács, AK and Domján, G and Nagy, ZZ and Bednárik, GD},
title = {COVID-19 and the elderly.},
journal = {Physiology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1556/2060.2022.00203},
pmid = {35575987},
issn = {2498-602X},
abstract = {COVID-19 has become a great burden of the world in respect of health care, social, and economical reason. Several million people died worldwide so far and more and more mutants are generated and spread. Older people with co-morbidities and frailty syndrome have a significantly higher risk to get the infection and also higher the risk of a more serious disease process. Mortality of COVID-19 is also higher in case of geriatric patients. In this review we attempted to summarize the factors of the higher susceptibility for more serious disease, what actions need to be taken for defending older patients and also special aspects of clinical presentation including ophthalmic symptoms.},
}
@article {pmid35575986,
year = {2022},
author = {Péterfi, A and Mészáros, Á and Szarvas, Z and Pénzes, M and Fekete, M and Fehér, Á and Lehoczki, A and Csípő, T and Fazekas-Pongor, V},
title = {Comorbidities and increased mortality of COVID-19 among the elderly: A systematic review.},
journal = {Physiology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1556/2060.2022.00206},
pmid = {35575986},
issn = {2498-602X},
abstract = {Purpose: The purpose of current review is to conduct a systematic overview of articles published between 2019 and 2021 on the relationship of comorbidities and mortality due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the elderly population.
Methods: We conducted a systematic search on PubMed for articles published between 2019 and 2021 to identify any cohort and case-control studies that investigated the relationship of comorbidities and COVID-19 mortality among the elderly, defined as 60 years of age and above. Databases were searched independently by two authors. Disagreements were resolved by the inclusion of a third investigator. Reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were excluded from our systematic review.
Results: A total of 15 studies were selected for our systematic review. Of the included studies, 3 were case-control, 3 were prospective cohort studies and 9 were retrospective cohort studies. As for size, 10 studies were conducted on populations of <1000 participants, 3 ranging from 1001 to 10,000, and 2 on populations of >10,000 individuals. The included studies found that the presence of certain conditions, such as cardiovascular, respiratory, renal diseases, malignancies, diseases of the nervous system and diabetes are associated to increased mortality in populations that consisted of elderly patients.
Conclusion: Results of our systematic review suggest that comorbidities contribute to increased COVID-19 mortality among the elderly. The detrimental effect of comorbidities and advanced age on the immune response could lead to a more frequent occurrence of symptomatic and severe infections with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35575286,
year = {2022},
author = {Ebrahimzadeh, S and Islam, N and Dawit, H and Salameh, JP and Kazi, S and Fabiano, N and Treanor, L and Absi, M and Ahmad, F and Rooprai, P and Al Khalil, A and Harper, K and Kamra, N and Leeflang, MM and Hooft, L and van der Pol, CB and Prager, R and Hare, SS and Dennie, C and Spijker, R and Deeks, JJ and Dinnes, J and Jenniskens, K and Korevaar, DA and Cohen, JF and Van den Bruel, A and Takwoingi, Y and van de Wijgert, J and Wang, J and Pena, E and Sabongui, S and McInnes, MD and , },
title = {Thoracic imaging tests for the diagnosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {CD013639},
doi = {10.1002/14651858.CD013639.pub5},
pmid = {35575286},
issn = {1469-493X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Our March 2021 edition of this review showed thoracic imaging computed tomography (CT) to be sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19 pneumonia. This new edition is an update of the review.
OBJECTIVES: Our objectives were to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in people with suspected COVID-19; assess the rate of positive imaging in people who had an initial reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) negative result and a positive RT-PCR result on follow-up; and evaluate the accuracy of thoracic imaging for screening COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals. The secondary objective was to assess threshold effects of index test positivity on accuracy.
SEARCH METHODS: We searched the COVID-19 Living Evidence Database from the University of Bern, the Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, The Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, and repositories of COVID-19 publications through to 17 February 2021. We did not apply any language restrictions.
SELECTION CRITERIA: We included diagnostic accuracy studies of all designs, except for case-control, that recruited participants of any age group suspected to have COVID-19. Studies had to assess chest CT, chest X-ray, or ultrasound of the lungs for the diagnosis of COVID-19, use a reference standard that included RT-PCR, and report estimates of test accuracy or provide data from which we could compute estimates. We excluded studies that used imaging as part of the reference standard and studies that excluded participants with normal index test results.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The review authors independently and in duplicate screened articles, extracted data and assessed risk of bias and applicability concerns using QUADAS-2. We presented sensitivity and specificity per study on paired forest plots, and summarized pooled estimates in tables. We used a bivariate meta-analysis model where appropriate.
MAIN RESULTS: We included 98 studies in this review. Of these, 94 were included for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of thoracic imaging in the evaluation of people with suspected COVID-19. Eight studies were included for assessing the rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results and positive RT-PCR results on follow-up, and 10 studies were included for evaluating the accuracy of thoracic imaging for imagining asymptomatic individuals. For all 98 included studies, risk of bias was high or unclear in 52 (53%) studies with respect to participant selection, in 64 (65%) studies with respect to reference standard, in 46 (47%) studies with respect to index test, and in 48 (49%) studies with respect to flow and timing. Concerns about the applicability of the evidence to: participants were high or unclear in eight (8%) studies; index test were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies; and reference standard were high or unclear in seven (7%) studies. Imaging in people with suspected COVID-19 We included 94 studies. Eighty-seven studies evaluated one imaging modality, and seven studies evaluated two imaging modalities. All studies used RT-PCR alone or in combination with other criteria (for example, clinical signs and symptoms, positive contacts) as the reference standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (69 studies, 28285 participants, 14,342 (51%) cases), sensitivities ranged from 45% to 100%, and specificities from 10% to 99%. The pooled sensitivity of chest CT was 86.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.6 to 89.6), and pooled specificity was 78.3% (95% CI 73.7 to 82.3). Definition for index test positivity was a source of heterogeneity for sensitivity, but not specificity. Reference standard was not a source of heterogeneity. For chest X-ray (17 studies, 8529 participants, 5303 (62%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 44% to 94% and specificity from 24 to 93%. The pooled sensitivity of chest X-ray was 73.1% (95% CI 64. to -80.5), and pooled specificity was 73.3% (95% CI 61.9 to 82.2). Definition for index test positivity was not found to be a source of heterogeneity. Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. For ultrasound of the lungs (15 studies, 2410 participants, 1158 (48%) cases), the sensitivity ranged from 73% to 94% and the specificity ranged from 21% to 98%. The pooled sensitivity of ultrasound was 88.9% (95% CI 84.9 to 92.0), and the pooled specificity was 72.2% (95% CI 58.8 to 82.5). Definition for index test positivity and reference standard were not found to be sources of heterogeneity. Indirect comparisons of modalities evaluated across all 94 studies indicated that chest CT and ultrasound gave higher sensitivity estimates than X-ray (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.001, respectively). Chest CT and ultrasound gave similar sensitivities (P=0.42). All modalities had similar specificities (CT versus X-ray P = 0.36; CT versus ultrasound P = 0.32; X-ray versus ultrasound P = 0.89). Imaging in PCR-negative people who subsequently became positive For rate of positive imaging in individuals with initial RT-PCR negative results, we included 8 studies (7 CT, 1 ultrasound) with a total of 198 participants suspected of having COVID-19, all of whom had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. Most studies (7/8) evaluated CT. Of 177 participants with initially negative RT-PCR who had positive RT-PCR results on follow-up testing, 75.8% (95% CI 45.3 to 92.2) had positive CT findings. Imaging in asymptomatic PCR-positive people For imaging asymptomatic individuals, we included 10 studies (7 CT, 1 X-ray, 2 ultrasound) with a total of 3548 asymptomatic participants, of whom 364 (10%) had a final diagnosis of COVID-19. For chest CT (7 studies, 3134 participants, 315 (10%) cases), the pooled sensitivity was 55.7% (95% CI 35.4 to 74.3) and the pooled specificity was 91.1% (95% CI 82.6 to 95.7).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT and ultrasound of the lungs are sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Chest X-ray is moderately sensitive and moderately specific in diagnosing COVID-19. Thus, chest CT and ultrasound may have more utility for ruling out COVID-19 than for differentiating SARS-CoV-2 infection from other causes of respiratory illness. The uncertainty resulting from high or unclear risk of bias and the heterogeneity of included studies limit our ability to confidently draw conclusions based on our results.},
}
@article {pmid35575011,
year = {2022},
author = {Abdel Moniem, A and Radwan, MA and Yousef, AI},
title = {COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease: Manifestations, pathophysiology, vaccination, and long-term implication.},
journal = {Current medical research and opinion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-23},
doi = {10.1080/03007995.2022.2078081},
pmid = {35575011},
issn = {1473-4877},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a new coronavirus family member, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is linked with many disease manifestations in multiple organ systems on top of pulmonary manifestations. COVID-19 is also accompanied by several cardiovascular pathologies including myocarditis, acute myocardial infarction, stress cardiomyopathy, arterial and venous thromboembolism, pericarditis, and arrhythmias. The pathophysiological mechanisms explaining these clinical symptoms are multifactorial including systemic inflammation (cytokine storm), coagulopathy, direct viral invasion through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, hypoxemia, electrolyte imbalance, and fever. Several case reports have shown the development of an unusual cardiovascular event after receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The current article aimed to review cardiovascular involvement in the COVID-19 pandemic with respect to clinical features, pathogenesis, long-term effects, and the adverse effects of treatments and vaccines based on the latest evidence.},
}
@article {pmid35574567,
year = {2022},
author = {Mak, IL and Wan, EYF and Wong, TKT and Lee, WWJ and Chan, EWY and Choi, EPH and Chui, CSL and Ip, MSM and Lau, WCS and Lau, KK and Lee, SF and Wong, ICK and Yu, EYT and Lam, CLK},
title = {The Spill-Over Impact of the Novel Coronavirus-19 Pandemic on Medical Care and Disease Outcomes in Non-communicable Diseases: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Public health reviews},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {1604121},
doi = {10.3389/phrs.2022.1604121},
pmid = {35574567},
issn = {0301-0422},
abstract = {Objectives: The coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has claimed more than 5 million lives worldwide by November 2021. Implementation of lockdown measures, reallocation of medical resources, compounded by the reluctance to seek help, makes it exceptionally challenging for people with non-communicable diseases (NCD) to manage their diseases. This review evaluates the spill-over impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with NCDs including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory disease, chronic kidney disease, dementia, mental health disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: Literature published in English was identified from PubMed and medRxiv from January 1, 2019 to November 30, 2020. A total of 119 articles were selected from 6,546 publications found. Results: The reduction of in-person care, screening procedures, delays in diagnosis, treatment, and social distancing policies have unanimously led to undesirable impacts on both physical and psychological health of NCD patients. This is projected to contribute to more excess deaths in the future. Conclusion: The spill-over impact of COVID-19 on patients with NCD is just beginning to unravel, extra efforts must be taken for planning the resumption of NCD healthcare services post-pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35574502,
year = {2021},
author = {Sharma, R and Tiwari, S and Dixit, A},
title = {Covaxin: An overview of its immunogenicity and safety trials in India.},
journal = {Bioinformation},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {840-845},
doi = {10.6026/97320630017840},
pmid = {35574502},
issn = {0973-2063},
abstract = {The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to a global coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several vaccine types, such as inactivated, viral vector-, or mRNA-based, have received approval against SARS-CoV-2. The ability to induceT-helper-1 cell (Th1) responses is desirable from an effective vaccine against this virus. Covaxin (BBV152) is a wholevirion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine adjuvanted with Algel-Imidazoquinoline (IMDG) molecule, a toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist. The mRNA-based vaccine use is hindered because of cold storage requirement, whereas covaxin is stored between 2°C and 8°C, making it suitable for countries with limited resources. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) has approved the BBV152 vaccine. Therefore, it is of interest to document known data on BBV152 vaccine phase I, phase II and phase III human clinical trials to evaluate the safety, reactogenicity, tolerance, and immunogenicity of the whole-virion inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152).},
}
@article {pmid35574246,
year = {2022},
author = {Chen, Z and Bai, F and Jonas, SJ and Wirz, RE},
title = {Cold atmospheric plasma for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Plasma processes and polymers (Print)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2200012},
doi = {10.1002/ppap.202200012},
pmid = {35574246},
issn = {1612-8850},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly stressed the global community, exposing vulnerabilities in the supply chains for disinfection materials, personal protective equipment, and medical resources worldwide. Disinfection methods based on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies offer an intriguing solution to many of these challenges because they are easily deployable and do not require resource-constrained consumables or reagents needed for conventional decontamination practices. CAP technologies have shown great promise for a wide range of medical applications from wound healing and cancer treatment to sterilization methods to mitigate airborne and fomite transfer of viruses. This review engages the broader community of scientists and engineers that wish to help the medical community with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by establishing methods to utilize broadly applicable CAP technologies.},
}
@article {pmid35574221,
year = {2022},
author = {González-Ruiz, FJ},
title = {Pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in coronavirus disease 2019: A literature review.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {77},
number = {},
pages = {103709},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103709},
pmid = {35574221},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {The impact on mortality associated with covid-19 today exceeds five million deaths worldwide, and the number of deaths continues to rise. The complications of the survivors, socio-economic implications at a global level, economic limitations in the health systems, and physical and emotional exhaustion of health personnel are detrimental. Therapeutic strategies are required to limit the evolution of the disease, improve the prognosis of critically ill patients, and, in countries with low purchasing power, create affordable alternatives that can help contain the evolution towards the severity of infected people with mild to moderate symptoms. The misinformation and myths that today are more frequent on social networks and the implementation of practices without scientific support is a problem that aggravates the general panorama. This review aims to concentrate on the best evidence for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in a simple and summarized manner, addressing therapies from their bases to the most innovative alternatives available today.},
}
@article {pmid35573944,
year = {2022},
author = {Pietrasanta, C and Ronchi, A and Crippa, BL and Artieri, G and Ballerini, C and Crimi, R and Mosca, F and Pugni, L},
title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: A Review of Evidence and Current Recommendations in Europe, North America, and Australasia.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {883953},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2022.883953},
pmid = {35573944},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {In the late 2020s, less than 1 year into the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines were introduced on a worldwide scale, with a significant positive impact on the consequences of the disease for several high-risk population groups. In the case of most bacterial or viral respiratory infections, pregnant women are at increased risk of complications, however, neither pregnant nor breastfeeding women were included in the first round of randomized clinical trials evaluating the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines, because of safety and ethical concerns. Nevertheless, most anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have not been expressly contraindicated during pregnancy or breastfeeding, and observational data on immune response, adverse effects, and clinical efficacy in pregnant and breastfeeding women have been progressively gathered during 2021. The vast majority of these data is reassuring for what concerns side effects for women and infants and points out the efficacy of vaccines in protecting women against COVID-19-related complications. Despite this, the hesitancy of pregnant and breastfeeding women at being vaccinated is still real. In this mini-review, we resume the available data on the clinical consequences of COVID-19 in pregnant women, as well as adverse effects, systemic and mucosal immune response, and clinical effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Moreover, we offer an updated overview of European, North American, and Australasian recommendations concerning COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant and breastfeeding women, in order to safely ensure the highest protection of women and their infants.},
}
@article {pmid35573820,
year = {2022},
author = {Edwin, M and Nair, MS and Sekhar, SJ},
title = {A comprehensive review on impacts of COVID-19 in food preservation and cold chain: An approach towards implementing green energy technologies.},
journal = {Environmental progress & sustainable energy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13820},
doi = {10.1002/ep.13820},
pmid = {35573820},
issn = {1944-7442},
abstract = {Technology plays a crucial role in fighting COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts all facets of human life, including food preservation and supply chain. The changes in the food processing and preservation brings changes to the global food choice. In the age of the COVID-19 pandemic scare, the present article explores the framework for food security. It offers insights into food security with a focus on renewable energy to help rural farmers, besides, exploring the possibility of the diffusion of COVID-19 via food chain. This article indicates that the implementation of stand-alone and hybrid renewable energy systems is relatively fresh in food processing, preservation, and transportation chain. Green food preservation may be a revolutionary idea to address the challenges of the future to secure both producers and customers, besides, to improve the attractiveness of the ecological, economic, and creative sectors. This study reveals that the transformation can be achieved from a technological and economic point of view with the key steps to fulfill this goal in a cost-effective manner. The observation also shows a suitable methodology to identify the best energy, economic and environmental scenario towards fulfilling the energy needs in isolated areas.},
}
@article {pmid35573806,
year = {2022},
author = {Izadyar, N and Miller, W},
title = {Ventilation strategies and design impacts on indoor airborne transmission: A review.},
journal = {Building and environment},
volume = {218},
number = {},
pages = {109158},
doi = {10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109158},
pmid = {35573806},
issn = {0360-1323},
abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak has brought the indoor airborne transmission issue to the forefront. Although ventilation systems provide clean air and dilute indoor contaminated air, there is strong evidence that airborne transmission is the main route for contamination spread. This review paper aims to critically investigate ventilation impacts on particle spread and identify efficient ventilation strategies in controlling aerosol distribution in clinical and non-clinical environments. This article also examines influential ventilation design features (i.e., exhaust location) affecting ventilation performance in preventing aerosols spread. This paper shortlisted published documents for a review based on identification (keywords), pre-processing, screening, and eligibility of these articles. The literature review emphasizes the importance of ventilation systems' design and demonstrates all strategies (i.e., mechanical ventilation) could efficiently remove particles if appropriately designed. The study highlights the need for occupant-based ventilation systems, such as personalized ventilation instead of central systems, to reduce cross-infections. The literature underlines critical impacts of design features like ventilation rates and the number and location of exhausts and suggests designing systems considering airborne transmission. This review underpins that a higher ventilation rate should not be regarded as a sole indicator for designing ventilation systems because it cannot guarantee reducing risks. Using filtration and decontamination devices based on building functionalities and particle sizes can also increase ventilation performance. This paper suggests future research on optimizing ventilation systems, particularly in high infection risk spaces such as multi-storey hotel quarantine facilities. This review contributes to adjusting ventilation facilities to control indoor aerosol transmission.},
}
@article {pmid35573742,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, B and Tian, J and Zhang, Q and Xie, Y and Wang, K and Qiu, S and Lu, K and Liu, Y},
title = {Comparing the Nucleocapsid Proteins of Human Coronaviruses: Structure, Immunoregulation, Vaccine, and Targeted Drug.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {761173},
doi = {10.3389/fmolb.2022.761173},
pmid = {35573742},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {The seven pathogenic human coronaviruses (HCoVs) include HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1, which usually cause mild upper respiratory tract diseases, and SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, which cause a severe acute respiratory syndrome. The nucleocapsid (N) protein, as the dominant structural protein from coronaviruses that bind to the genomic RNA, participates in various vital activities after virus invasion and will probably become a promising target of antiviral drug design. Therefore, a comprehensive literature review of human coronavirus' pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic strategies is necessary for the control of the pandemic. Here, we give a systematic summary of the structures, immunoregulation, and potential vaccines and targeted drugs of the HCoVs N protein. First, we provide a general introduction to the fundamental structures and molecular function of N protein. Next, we outline the N protein mediated immune regulation and pathogenesis mechanism. Finally, we comprehensively summarize the development of potential N protein-targeted drugs and candidate vaccines to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We believe this review provides insight into the virulence and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 as well as support for further study on epidemic control of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35573622,
year = {2022},
author = {Khlem, R and Kannappan, SR and Choudhury, PP},
title = {Coronavirus disease-2019: Challenges, opportunities, and benefits in India.},
journal = {Journal of education and health promotion},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {104},
doi = {10.4103/jehp.jehp_1397_21},
pmid = {35573622},
issn = {2277-9531},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The human coronavirus was first identified in 1965, belongs to the same family of Viruses as SARS, MERS-Co. The current virus that affected worldwide came into existence in late 2019, recently found in Wuhan, China, and caused a global pandemic called coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). This disease became a quick global pandemic due to the rapid transmission of the virus from one human to another. In the history of humankind, people were inside the four walls for more than a month. The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant problems in a variety of fields. The current pandemic created many changes that are seen as challenges worldwide. However, it created opportunities and benefits for many, extend a helping hand towards the people in need, in the society, community, and the nation. This paper focuses on challenges, opportunities, and benefits during the (COVID-19) pandemic in India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Online search engines like PubMed and Google Scholar were used to conduct the research. The review article's dates were not restricted in any way. A total of 48 articles were chosen. The data was tabulated based on the kind of study and the outcomes. There are just a few papers available that demonstrate the necessity for more study.
RESULTS: COVID-19 caused unforeseen changes in the health care industry, unequal distribution of health care, and consequences on mental health, according to the review studies. Teleconsultation, Internet use, and E-learning have all become more accessible. A period of transitory economic collapse and an increase in the number of migrants left many despondent. Improvement in family bonding, use of a face mask, and hygiene measures to adapt to the current scenario. There was also an impact on water sources, waste management systems, and environmental resource conservation.
CONCLUSION: Difficult conditions can provide both problems and opportunities and advantages to the people during a pandemic outbreak.},
}
@article {pmid35573503,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, A and Chidharla, A and Agarwal, K and Singh, P and Jain, N and Hassen, G and Abdelwahed, S and Bhandari, R and Patel, K and Gupta, S and Koritala, T and Rabbani, R},
title = {Vitamin D: The Missing Nutrient Behind the Two Deadly Pandemics, COVID-19 and Cardiovascular Diseases.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e24133},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24133},
pmid = {35573503},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is claiming millions of lives and creating an additional burden on health care, which is already affected by the rise of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The scientific community, on the other side, is enormously engaged with studies to best identify the characteristics of the virus and minimize its effect while supporting the fight to contain NCDs, mainly cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are contributing hugely to the global death toll. Hence, the roles of vitamin D in COVID-19 immunity and cardiovascular health are gaining traction recently. This literature review will mainly focus on summarizing pertinent studies and scientific publications which highlight the association of vitamin D levels with the various outcomes of COVID-19 and CVDs. It will also address how low vitamin D correlates with the epidemiology of CVDs and the inflammatory mechanisms attributed to COVID-19 severity. We believe that our review may open up hindsight perspectives and further discussions among the physicians in tapping the potential of vitamin D supplementation to tackle the morbidity, mortality, and health care cost of the two deadly diseases, COVID-19 and CVDs.},
}
@article {pmid35573496,
year = {2022},
author = {Cushion, S and Arboleda, V and Hasanain, Y and Demory Beckler, M and Hardigan, P and Kesselman, MM},
title = {Comorbidities and Symptomatology of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2)-Related Myocarditis and SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Related Myocarditis: A Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e24084},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24084},
pmid = {35573496},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart muscle, with manifestations that include myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, and even sudden death. The primary etiology of myocarditis is a viral infection, with studies demonstrating that infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can lead to myocarditis. This enzyme is involved in many body tissues, including the gastrointestinal system and the cardiac system. This enzyme is responsible for converting angiotensin I to angiotensin II in the renin-angiotensin system of our body. This review aims to characterize the symptomatology and comorbidities of males, females, and pediatric patients who developed the SARS-CoV-2-related myocarditis (SARS-CoV-2RM) or the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-related myocarditis (SARS-CoV-2VRM). From July 10 to July 20, 2021, a PubMed database search for "SARS CoV-2 Related Myocarditis" was conducted. From July 21 to July 30, 2021, the search for "SARS CoV-2 Vaccine Related Myocarditis" was conducted. The search completed was specific for title/abstract fields using keywords "Covid-19" AND "Myocarditis" AND "Vaccine" and specifying "Males" or "Females", respectively. Inclusion criteria included articles discussing comorbidities and symptomatology. Exclusion criteria included autopsy/postmortem reports, letters to the editor, retrospective studies, and observational studies. In the end, 49 articles were found and included in this review. We found that 27 of 40 pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2RM presented with gastrointestinal symptoms, and 12 of 40 pediatric patients had no comorbidities. In female cases, eight of 12 patients with SARS-CoV-2RM presented with noncardiac symptoms, and only four of 12 had comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes, and obesity. In male patients with SARS-CoV-2RM, 10 of 12 presented with respiratory and/or cardiac symptoms, and seven of 12 had cardiac and/or diabetic comorbidities. Furthermore, 22 of 31 male patients with SARS-CoV-2VRM presented with chest pain with no previous comorbidities; four of six females with SARS-CoV-2VRM presented with chest pain, and three of six females had no comorbidities; and seven of 11 pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2VRM had no comorbidities, but 11 of 11 pediatric patients presented with chest pain. In conclusion, males, females, and pediatric patients with previous SARS-CoV-2VRM showed mostly chest pain with no comorbidities. Males presenting with SARS-CoV-2RM showed mostly respiratory and cardiac symptoms with cardiac and diabetic comorbidities. Females with SARS-CoV-2RM described various symptoms from flu-like, respiratory, to cardiac and had no previous comorbidities. The bulk of pediatric patients with SARS-CoV-2RM mainly presented with GI symptoms and no past comorbidities. More studies are needed to determine the clinical presentation and risk factors that lead to SARS-CoV-2RM and SARS-CoV-2VRM.},
}
@article {pmid35573320,
year = {2022},
author = {Shinn, J and Kwon, N and Lee, SA and Lee, Y},
title = {Smart pH-responsive nanomedicines for disease therapy.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1007/s40005-022-00573-z},
pmid = {35573320},
issn = {2093-5552},
abstract = {Background: Currently nanomedicines are the focus of attention from researchers and clinicians because of the successes of lipid-nanoparticles-based COVID-19 vaccines. Nanoparticles improve existing treatments by providing a number of advantages including protection of cargo molecules from external stresses, delivery of drugs to target tissues, and sustained drug release. To prevent premature release-related side effects, stable drug loading in nanoformulations is required, but the increased stability of the formulation could also lead to a poor drug-release profile at the target sites. Thus, researchers have exploited differences in a range of properties (e.g., enzyme levels, pH, levels of reduced glutathione, and reactive oxygen species) between non-target and target sites for site-specific release of drugs. Among these environmental stimuli, pH gradients have been widely used to design novel, responsive nanoparticles.
Area covered: In this review, we assess drug delivery based on pH-responsive nanoparticles at the levels of tissues (tumor microenvironment, pH ~ 6.5) and of intracellular compartments (endosome and lysosome, pH 4.5-6.5). Upon exposure to these pH stimuli, pH-responsive nanoparticles respond with physicochemical changes to their material structure and surface characteristics. These changes include swelling, dissociation, or surface charge switching, in a manner that favors drug release at the target site (the tumor microenvironment region and the cytosol followed by endosomal escape) rather than the surrounding tissues.
Expert opinion: Lastly, we consider the challenges involved in the development of pH-responsive nanomedicines.},
}
@article {pmid35573158,
year = {2022},
author = {Sofizan, NMFBN and Rahman, AFBA and Soon, LP and Ly, CK and Abdullah, NZB},
title = {Autopsy findings in COVID-19 infection-related death: a systematic review.},
journal = {Egyptian journal of forensic sciences},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
doi = {10.1186/s41935-022-00280-8},
pmid = {35573158},
issn = {2090-536X},
abstract = {Introduction: Coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) has been declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. As of 28 November 2021, there were more than 260 million cases and nearly 5.2 million deaths caused by COVID-19. The most affected system by COVID-19 infection was the respiratory system although several other studies suggested multi-organ involvement with pathophysiology that was not clearly understood. Autopsy findings were beneficial to researchers to determine the mechanism behind these organ failures. The objective of this review was to summarize the autopsy findings related to COVID-19 death.
Method: Online literature search was conducted via online databases such as Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar. The keywords inputted during the search were "post-mortem", "autopsy" and "COVID-19" in title, abstract and keywords. The inclusion criteria were the topic related with the title of this review, published in 2020-2021, have full text available and in English language. Any articles that were not related, duplicated studies, review articles including systematic review and meta-analysis and in other languages were excluded.
Results: A total of 20 articles were included in this review. The articles reviewed were mostly case reports and case series while others were case-control and cohort study ranging from one to 348 cases. Majority were originated from the United States of America (USA).
Conclusion: The most frequent system described in autopsy findings in COVID-19 death was the respiratory system, with the most common histological finding of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Majority of the findings of other organs were related to chronic diseases.},
}
@article {pmid35572981,
year = {2022},
author = {Paleari, L and Malini, V and Paoli, G and Scillieri, S and Bighin, C and Blobel, B and Giacomini, M},
title = {EU-Funded Telemedicine Projects - Assessment of, and Lessons Learned From, in the Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {849998},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.849998},
pmid = {35572981},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 health emergency has demonstrated the need for developing structured telemedicine systems to protect citizens from the spread of the virus. Thereby, their importance and the necessity to tailor their diffusion at large scale for providing services both at a distance and in time has been shown. For these reasons, the European Union advocates the digital transition of health systems for the next 5 years. The main aim of this work is to revisit the telemedicine research projects financed by European Community during the period 2000-2020 with particular respect to the results derived from their application. The analysis showed that some integration of tele-care and tele-health could be obtained with tele-monitoring systems and the implementation of Electronic Personal Record (EPR). Furthermore, telemedicine allows enhancing health care in critical environments, to protect health and life of the most vulnerable patients, and to encourage cross-border dialogue. The criteria of "from distance" and "timely delivered" are granted, but the effectiveness of the overall offered services highly depends on the availability and the quality of the input data. Unfortunately, this remains a relevant problem in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35572951,
year = {2022},
author = {Shah, A and Shah, M},
title = {Advancement of deep learning in pneumonia/Covid-19 classification and localization: A systematic review with qualitative and quantitative analysis.},
journal = {Chronic diseases and translational medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cdt3.17},
pmid = {35572951},
issn = {2589-0514},
abstract = {Around 450 million people are affected by pneumonia every year, which results in 2.5 million deaths. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) has also affected 181 million people, which led to 3.92 million casualties. The chances of death in both of these diseases can be significantly reduced if they are diagnosed early. However, the current methods of diagnosing pneumonia (complaints + chest X-ray) and Covid-19 (real-time polymerase chain reaction) require the presence of expert radiologists and time, respectively. With the help of deep learning models, pneumonia and Covid-19 can be detected instantly from chest X-rays or computerized tomography (CT) scans. The process of diagnosing pneumonia/Covid-19 can become faster and more widespread. In this paper, we aimed to elicit, explain, and evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively all advancements in deep learning methods aimed at detecting community-acquired pneumonia, viral pneumonia, and Covid-19 from images of chest X-rays and CT scans. Being a systematic review, the focus of this paper lies in explaining various deep learning model architectures, which have either been modified or created from scratch for the task at hand. For each model, this paper answers the question of why the model is designed the way it is, the challenges that a particular model overcomes, and the tradeoffs that come with modifying a model to the required specifications. A grouped quantitative analysis of all models described in the paper is also provided to quantify the effectiveness of different models with a similar goal. Some tradeoffs cannot be quantified and, hence, they are mentioned explicitly in the qualitative analysis, which is done throughout the paper. By compiling and analyzing a large quantum of research details in one place with all the data sets, model architectures, and results, we aimed to provide a one-stop solution to beginners and current researchers interested in this field.},
}
@article {pmid35572950,
year = {2022},
author = {Prabhu, S and Vijayakumar, S and Praseetha, P},
title = {Cyanobacterial metabolites as novel drug candidates in corona viral therapies: A review.},
journal = {Chronic diseases and translational medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cdt3.11},
pmid = {35572950},
issn = {2589-0514},
abstract = {Most of the medical and nonmedical research labs, all around the world, are racing against time to produce an effective vaccine or an antiviral medicine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Conventional medicines and novel nano-materials including chemical and herbal-based compounds are all into positive trials toward coronaviruses and other pandemic infections. Among them, natural immune boosters have attracted physicians because of their longevity and reliability for fewer side effects. This is a review article with a detailed picture of an unexplored antiviral source with maximum potency in curing viral infections. Cyanobacteriae have been known for centuries and are rich in secondary metabolites of proteins, biopeptides, and polysaccharides for prominent antiviral action against chest infections. But detailed exploratory research is required to purify, scale-up, and commercialize the pharmacologically active agents from these drug reserves.},
}
@article {pmid35572880,
year = {2022},
author = {Elkhayat, H and Elsayed, HH and Adel, W and Elkhouly, AG and Abdellateef, A and Amin, WAM and Abd El Hafiez, AI and Beshir, H and Elsayed, YA and Elhamami, MM and Wahby, EAM and Gamil, EE and Elminshawy, A},
title = {Thoracic surgery in Egypt.},
journal = {Journal of thoracic disease},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {1282-1295},
doi = {10.21037/jtd-21-723},
pmid = {35572880},
issn = {2072-1439},
abstract = {General thoracic surgery operations in Egypt are performed mainly by cardiothoracic surgeons and less oftenly by dedicated thoracic surgeons and general surgeons. This is mainly due to the relatively small number of thoracic surgeons in relation to population as only 210 cardiothoracic surgery specialists and 458 consultants are registered with the Egyptian Medical Syndicate (EMS) in a country with a population of more than 100 million people. Thoracic surgeons in Egypt are faced with a number of burdens, including the need to propagate the service to advanced technology infront of the obstacle of limited resources. Other burdens include higher incidence of TB, trauma and foreign body inhalation related to cultural backgrounds. More centres now are major video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) providing centres and others are specialized in more complex surgeries like complicated airway procedures and radical surgery for mesothelioma. As part of the international community, the COVID-19 pandemic has put more burdens on the thoracic surgery service as most centres have reduced their elective surgery workload to less than half of usual. Interestingly, the pandemic has allowed a self-referral screening programme with widespread Computed Tomography (CT) chest being performed among the population allowing thoracic surgeons to operate more on early stage lung cancer. The academic challenges for thoracic surgeons are even more with need for developing national databases. Nevertheless, thoracic surgeons in Egypt are optimistic regarding the future. The rising interest among the younger population will push training programs to meet the interests of enthusiastic junior surgeons. While the ancient history of thoracic surgery in Egypt seems to be extraordinary, the future perspectives promise to be more rewarding.},
}
@article {pmid35572841,
year = {2021},
author = {Hou, Y and Khokhar, M and Zia, S and Sharma, A},
title = {Assessing the Best Supplier Selection Criteria in Supply Chain Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {804954},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2021.804954},
pmid = {35572841},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {In the last 10 years, organizations and researchers have recognized the importance of sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) because of the consumers, -profit and non-profit organizations, laws and regulations, and consumer social and corporate responsibilities. Supplier selection, environmental effects such as social cooperation, and other SSCM programmes, can all help to achieve the "triple bottom line (TBL)" of economic, environmental, and social advantages. Sustainable supplier selection (SSS) and firm performance are important factors in supply chain management (SCM). Organizations will traditionally consider a new framework when evaluating SSS performance to obtain all-encompassing criteria/sub-criteria of the sustainability index by encapsulating sustainability. This paper compiles 12 subcriteria for three sustainability pillars, namely economic, environmental, and social performance. Despite the fact that many articles on SSS and evaluation were published during COVID-19, there seems to be little research on sustainability issues to date. The goal of this study is to suggest a fuzzy multicriteria approach to SSCM planning. Additionally, using the TBL method, the problem of determining a current model for SSS in the supply chain was investigated. The linguistic value of the subjective preference of experts is represented by triangular fuzzy numbers. Fuzzy TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) is proposed to use standard weights to rank SSS for qualitative performance evaluation. COVID-19, on the other hand, has a detrimental impact on SSS and company results. The organization's performance suffers as a result of the COVID-19 shutdown. The proposed method is demonstrated using an example.},
}
@article {pmid35572594,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, C and Guo, Y and Fang, Z and Zhang, H and Zhang, Y and Chen, K},
title = {Analysis of the Protective Efficacy of Approved COVID-19 Vaccines Against Various Mutants.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {804945},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.804945},
pmid = {35572594},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 (caused by SARS-CoV-2) has posed a significant threat to global public health security because of its high pathogenicity and infectivity. To date, the pathogenic mechanism of this novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is still unclear, and there is no effective treatment. As one of the most effective strategies to prevent viral infection, vaccines have become a research hotspot. Based on the current understanding of SARS-CoV-2, the research and development of its vaccines cover almost all forms of current vaccine research, including inactivated vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. Moreover, with the spread of the new mutant virus, it is necessary to evaluate the protection rate of previous administered vaccines. This article reviews the candidate targets, vaccine types, research and development status, progress of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, and the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 mutants (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.1.529) induced by these vaccines, to provide a reference for follow-up research and prevention.},
}
@article {pmid35572592,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Z and Shen, Q and Chang, H},
title = {Vaccines for COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Immunogenicity, Current Development, and Future Prospects.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {843928},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.843928},
pmid = {35572592},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The persistent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterized by severe respiratory syndrome, is caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and it poses a major threat to public health all over the world. Currently, optimal COVID-19 management involves effective vaccination. Vaccination is known to greatly enhance immune response against viral infections and reduce public transmission of COVID-19. However, although current vaccines offer some benefits, viral variations and other factors demand the continuous development of vaccines to eliminate this virus from host. Hence, vaccine research and development is crucial and urgent to the elimination of this pandemic. Herein, we summarized the structural and replicatory features of SARS-CoV-2, and focused on vaccine-mediated disease prevention strategies like vaccine antigen selection, vaccine research, and vaccine application. We also evaluated the latest literature on COVID-19 and extensively reviewed action mechanisms, clinical trial (CT) progresses, advantages, as well as disadvantages of various vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2. Lastly, we discussed the current viral treatment, prevention trends, and future prospects.},
}
@article {pmid35572565,
year = {2022},
author = {Liu, J and Mao, Q and Wu, X and He, Q and Bian, L and Bai, Y and Wang, Z and Wang, Q and Zhang, J and Liang, Z and Xu, M},
title = {Considerations for the Feasibility of Neutralizing Antibodies as a Surrogate Endpoint for COVID-19 Vaccines.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {814365},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.814365},
pmid = {35572565},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {To effectively control and prevent the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), suitable vaccines have been researched and developed rapidly. Currently, 31 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use or authorized for conditional marketing, with more than 9.3 billion doses of vaccines being administered globally. However, the continuous emergence of variants with high transmissibility and an ability to escape the immune responses elicited by vaccines poses severe challenges to the effectiveness of approved vaccines. Hundreds of new COVID-19 vaccines based on different technology platforms are in need of a quick evaluation for their efficiencies. Selection and enrollment of a suitable sample of population for conducting these clinical trials is often challenging because the pandemic so widespread and also due to large scale vaccination. To overcome these hurdles, methods of evaluation of vaccine efficiency based on establishment of surrogate endpoints could expedite the further research and development of vaccines. In this review, we have summarized the studies on neutralizing antibody responses and effectiveness of the various COVID-19 vaccines. Using this data we have analyzed the feasibility of establishing surrogate endpoints for evaluating the efficacy of vaccines based on neutralizing antibody titers. The considerations discussed here open up new avenues for devising novel approaches and strategies for the research and develop as well as application of COVID-19 vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35572561,
year = {2022},
author = {Battaglini, D and Lopes-Pacheco, M and Castro-Faria-Neto, HC and Pelosi, P and Rocco, PRM},
title = {Laboratory Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {857573},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.857573},
pmid = {35572561},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations, with progression to multiorgan failure in the most severe cases. Several biomarkers can be altered in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and they can be associated with diagnosis, prognosis, and outcomes. The most used biomarkers in COVID-19 include several proinflammatory cytokines, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST), neutrophil count, neutrophils-to-lymphocytes ratio, troponins, creatine kinase (MB), myoglobin, D-dimer, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and its N-terminal pro-hormone (NT-proBNP). Some of these biomarkers can be readily used to predict disease severity, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and mortality, while others, such as metabolomic and proteomic analysis, have not yet translated to clinical practice. This narrative review aims to identify laboratory biomarkers that have shown significant diagnostic and prognostic value for risk stratification in COVID-19 and discuss the possible clinical application of novel analytic strategies, like metabolomics and proteomics. Future research should focus on identifying a limited but essential number of laboratory biomarkers to easily predict prognosis and outcome in severe COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35572540,
year = {2022},
author = {Grassi, G and Notari, S and Gili, S and Bordoni, V and Casetti, R and Cimini, E and Tartaglia, E and Mariotti, D and Agrati, C and Sacchi, A},
title = {Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in COVID-19: The Paradox of Good.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {842949},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.842949},
pmid = {35572540},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Viral replication in the respiratory tract induces the death of infected cells and the release of pathogen- associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). PAMPs give rise to local inflammation, increasing the secretion of pro- inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which attract immune cells from the blood into the infected lung. In most individuals, lung-recruited cells clear the infection, and the immune response retreats. However, in some cases, a dysfunctional immune response occurs, which triggers a cytokine storm in the lung, leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Severe COVID-19 is characterized by an impaired innate and adaptive immune response and by a massive expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs function as protective regulators of the immune response, protecting the host from over-immunoreactivity and hyper-inflammation. However, under certain conditions, such as chronic inflammation and cancer, MDSCs could exert a detrimental role. Accordingly, the early expansion of MDSCs in COVID-19 is able to predict the fatal outcome of the infection. Here, we review recent data on MDSCs during COVID-19, discussing how they can influence the course of the disease and whether they could be considered as biomarker and possible targets for new therapeutic approaches.},
}
@article {pmid35572518,
year = {2022},
author = {Guo, Y and Han, J and Zhang, Y and He, J and Yu, W and Zhang, X and Wu, J and Zhang, S and Kong, Y and Guo, Y and Lin, Y and Zhang, J},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: Epidemiological Features, Biological Characteristics, and Clinical Significance.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {877101},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.877101},
pmid = {35572518},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1529) variant was designated as a variant of concern (VOC) by the World Health Organization (WHO) on November 26, 2021. Within two months, it had replaced the Delta variant and had become the dominant circulating variant around the world. The Omicron variant possesses an unprecedented number of mutations, especially in the spike protein, which may be influencing its biological and clinical aspects. Preliminary studies have suggested that increased transmissibility and the reduced protective effects of neutralizing antibodies have contributed to the rapid spread of this variant, posing a significant challenge to control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. There is, however, a silver lining for this wave of the Omicron variant. A lower risk of hospitalization and mortality has been observed in prevailing countries. Booster vaccination also has ameliorated a significant reduction in neutralization. Antiviral drugs are minimally influenced. Moreover, the functions of Fc-mediated and T-cell immunity have been retained to a great extent, both of which play a key role in preventing severe disease.},
}
@article {pmid35572463,
year = {2022},
author = {Ghafoor, H and Abdus Samad, A and Bel Khair, AOM and Ahmed, O and Khan, MNA},
title = {Critical Care Management of Severe COVID-19 in Pregnant Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {5},
pages = {e24885},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.24885},
pmid = {35572463},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Since December 2019, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a disastrous impact worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and was declared a pandemic by the WHO on March 11, 2020. The virus has been linked to a wide range of respiratory illnesses, ranging from mild symptoms to acute pneumonia and severe respiratory distress syndrome. Pregnant women are more vulnerable to COVID-19 complications owing to the physiological and immunological changes caused by pregnancy. According to the CDC, pregnant patients with COVID-19 are commonly hospitalized and often require admission to ICUs and ventilator support. Therefore, it is especially important for pregnant women to adhere to disease prevention measures to lower the risk of contracting the disease. In addition, the guidelines of several clinical societies and local health authorities should be followed when caring for pregnant women with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology of COVID-19 during delivery, its effect on the physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy, the classification of COVID-19 severity, maternal and fetal risks, antenatal care, respiratory management, treatment/medication safety, timing and mode of delivery, anesthetic considerations, and the outcome of critically ill pregnant patients with COVID-19, as well as their post-delivery care and weaning from mechanical ventilation.},
}
@article {pmid35572208,
year = {2022},
author = {Smith, LM and Glauser, JM},
title = {Managing Severe Hypoxic Respiratory Failure in COVID-19.},
journal = {Current emergency and hospital medicine reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1007/s40138-022-00245-0},
pmid = {35572208},
issn = {2167-4884},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: Adult respiratory distress syndrome is a life-threatening complication from severe COVID-19 infection resulting in severe hypoxic respiratory failure. Strategies at improving oxygenation have evolved over the course of the pandemic.
Recent Findings: Although non-invasive respiratory support reduces the need for intubation, a significant number of patients with COVID-19 progress to invasive mechanical ventilation. Once intubated, a lung protective ventilation strategy should be employed that limits tidal volumes to 6 ml/kg of predicted body weight and employs sufficient positive end-expiratory pressure to maximize oxygen delivery while minimizing the fraction of inspired oxygen. Intermittent prone positioning is effective at improving survival, and there is a growing body of evidence that it can be safely performed in spontaneously breathing patients to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators have not been shown to improve survival or cost-effectiveness in COVID-19 and should be used selectively.
Summary: Finally, the best outcomes are likely achieved at centers with experience at severe ARDS management and protocols for escalation of care.},
}
@article {pmid35572096,
year = {2022},
author = {Kunduru, KR and Kutner, N and Nassar-Marjiya, E and Shaheen-Mualim, M and Rizik, L and Farah, S},
title = {Disinfectants role in the prevention of spreading the COVID-19 and other infectious diseases: The need for functional polymers!.},
journal = {Polymers for advanced technologies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/pat.5689},
pmid = {35572096},
issn = {1042-7147},
abstract = {The spreading of coronavirus through droplets and aerosols of an infected person is a well-known mechanism. The main protection methods from this virus are using disinfectants/sanitizers, face masks, keeping social distance, and vaccination. With the rapid mutations of the virus accompanied by its features and contagions changing, new advanced functional materials development is highly needed. The usage of disinfectants/sanitizers in excess generates poisonous effects among the general public. Effective and simultaneously, human-friendly sanitizers or disinfectants are required to prevent the poisoning and the associated issues. They minimize the toxic effects of the currently available materials by rapid action, high potential, long-term stability, and excellent biocompatible nature. Here, we summarize the available antiviral materials, their features, and their limitations. We highlight the need to develop an arsenal of advanced functional antiviral polymers with intrinsic bioactive functionalities or released bioactive moieties in a controlled manner for rapid and long-term actions for current and future anticipated viral outbreaks.},
}
@article {pmid35571870,
year = {2022},
author = {Rahman, MM and Khatun, F and Sami, SI and Uzzaman, A},
title = {The evolving roles and impacts of 5G enabled technologies in healthcare: The world epidemic COVID-19 issues.},
journal = {Array (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100178},
doi = {10.1016/j.array.2022.100178},
pmid = {35571870},
issn = {2590-0056},
abstract = {The latest 5G technology is being introduced the Internet of Things (IoT) Era. The study aims to focus the 5G technology and the current healthcare challenges as well as to highlight 5G based solutions that can handle the COVID-19 issues in different arenas. This paper provides a comprehensive review of 5G technology with the integration of other digital technologies (like AI and machine learning, IoT objects, big data analytics, cloud computing, robotic technology, and other digital platforms) in emerging healthcare applications. From the literature, it is clear that the promising aspects of 5G (such as super-high speed, high throughput, low latency) have a prospect in healthcare advancement. Now healthcare is being adopted 5G-based technologies to aid improved health services, more effective medical research, enhanced quality of life, better experiences of medical professionals and patients in anywhere-anytime. This paper emphasizes the evolving roles of 5G technology for handling the epidemiological challenges. The study also discusses various technological challenges and prospective for developing 5G powered healthcare solutions. Further works will incorporate more study on how to expand 5G-based digital society as well as to resolve the issues of safety-security-privacy and availability-accessibility-integrity in future health crises.},
}
@article {pmid35571678,
year = {2022},
author = {Islam, F and Dhawan, M and Nafady, MH and Emran, TB and Mitra, S and Choudhary, OP and Akter, A},
title = {Understanding the omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2: Mutational impacts, concerns, and the possible solutions.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {103737},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2022.103737},
pmid = {35571678},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {Despite many nations' best efforts to contain the so-called COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (B.1.1.529) has been identified as a serious concern. After more than two years of COVID-19 pandemic and more than a year of worldwide vaccination efforts, the globe will not be free of COVID-19 variants such as Delta and Omicron variants. According to current statistics, the Omicron variant has more than 30 mutations when contrasted to other VOCs such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), and Delta (B.1.617.2). High numbers of changes, particularly in the spike protein (S-Protein), raise worries about the virus's capacity to resist pre-existing immunity acquired by vaccination or spontaneous infection and antibody-based therapy. The Omicron variant raised international concerns, resuming travel bans and coming up with many questions about its severity, transmissibility, testing, detection, and vaccines efficiency against it. Additionally, inadequate health care infrastructures and many immunocompromised individuals increase the infection susceptibility. The current status of low vaccination rates will play a significant role in omicron spreading and create a fertile ground for producing new variants. As a result, this article emphasizes the mutational changes and their consequences. In addition, the potential preventing measures have been examined in detail.},
}
@article {pmid35571302,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, SP and Singh, P and Gupta, OP and Gupta, S},
title = {Coronavirus disease: Dental review.},
journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {16-20},
doi = {10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_288_21},
pmid = {35571302},
issn = {0973-029X},
abstract = {COVID-19 was declared a pandemic outbreak by the World Health Organization, creating a significant impact on health care system. Realizing the high risk associated with this disease and its high rate of transmission, dentists were instructed by health authorities, to stop providing treatment which includes aerosols and droplets and only except emergency complaints. This was mainly for protection of dental healthcare personnel, their families, contacts, and their patients from the transmission of virus. Hence, this review focuses on the life cycle of COVID-19, its clinical symptoms and several issues concerned directly to dental practice in terms of prevention, treatment, and orofacial clinical manifestations.},
}
@article {pmid35571195,
year = {2022},
author = {Redfern, J and Gallagher, R and O'Neil, A and Grace, SL and Bauman, A and Jennings, G and Brieger, D and Briffa, T},
title = {Historical Context of Cardiac Rehabilitation: Learning From the Past to Move to the Future.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {842567},
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.842567},
pmid = {35571195},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {Contemporary myocardial infarction (MI) care and management has evolved dramatically since the 1950's; yet outpatient rehabilitation remains underutilized. Deepening our understanding of the origins and history of cardiac rehabilitation highlights a contemporary shift required for policy and practice related to secondary prevention of coronary disease in light of societal changes as well as medical, digital and surgical advancements. Contemporary "cardiac rehabilitation" began when bed rest and physical inactivity was recommended and commonplace for MI survivors. Today, most patients who survive an MI, undergo reperfusion therapy, a short inpatient stay and are discharged with minimal physical morbidity. Despite this, the majority of modern day programs continue to be structured in the same way they have been for the past 50 years and this model has become incongruent with the contemporary context, especially in the COVID-19 era. This review aims to describe the historical foundations of cardiac rehabilitation to inform solutions and meet the demands of contemporary MI management. Delivering health systems reform to address modernization is current healthcare challenge where a united and interdisciplinary effort is needed.},
}
@article {pmid35571163,
year = {2022},
author = {You, Y and Shou, X and Zhang, X and Fan, S and Chai, R and Xue, W and Hu, Y and He, Q},
title = {Psycho-Cardiological Disease: A Bibliometric Review From 2001 to 2021.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {890329},
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2022.890329},
pmid = {35571163},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {The aim of this study was to gain insight into the progress and dynamics of psycho-cardiological disease research and track its hot spots. We have analyzed psycho-cardiological disease-related literature extracted from the Web of Science (WOS) Core Collection from 2001 to 2021 with the help of Cite Space. As a result, we have included 5,032 records. Then, we have analyzed connected networks for the country, author, subject category, keywords, and cited reference. We have summarized the findings in four aspects. First, the annual quantitative distribution of publications is on the rise, although there is a slight drop. Second, in terms of country analysis, the United States, England, Australia, Germany, and Italy are the main research forces in psycho-cardiological diseases. At the same time, several academic entities represented by Andrew Steptoe and Roland von Känel, MD, have been formed based on the early consciousness of physical and mental health in these countries. Besides, China is also more concerned about it due to the rapid population aging process and the largest population. Third, the psycho-cardiological disease is multidisciplinary, including psychology, psychiatry, clinical medicine, such as cardiovascular system and neurology, public environmental and occupational health, and pharmacology. Finally, the results of keyword analysis and co-cited references indicate the hot spots and frontiers in psycho-cardiological disease. The hot spots in psycho-cardiological disease include three aspects. The first aspect includes psychosocial factors, such as depression, lack of social support, and low economic and social status; the second aspect includes priority populations, such as Alzheimer's disease dementia caregivers, elderly, and patients with cancer, and the third aspect includes interventions, such as exercise therapy and diet. In addition, there are three future research frontiers. The first is a psycho-cardiological disease in patients with COVID-19; the second is cardiac rehabilitation, especially exercise therapy and health behavior evaluation; and the final is evidence-based medical evaluation, such as systematic reviews and meta-analyses.},
}
@article {pmid35571085,
year = {2022},
author = {Vollbracht, C and Kraft, K},
title = {Oxidative Stress and Hyper-Inflammation as Major Drivers of Severe COVID-19 and Long COVID: Implications for the Benefit of High-Dose Intravenous Vitamin C.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {899198},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.899198},
pmid = {35571085},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Oxidative stress is a pivotal point in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and presumably also in Long-COVID. Inflammation and oxidative stress are mutually reinforcing each other, thus contributing to the systemic hyperinflammatory state and coagulopathy which are cardinal pathological mechanisms of severe stages. COVID-19 patients, like other critically ill patients e.g. with pneumonia, very often show severe deficiency of the antioxidant vitamin C. So far, it has not been investigated how long this deficiency lasts or whether patients with long COVID symptoms also suffer from deficiencies. A vitamin C deficit has serious pathological consequences because vitamin C is one of the most effective antioxidants, but also co-factor of many enzymatic processes that affect the immune and nervous system, blood circulation and energy metabolism. Because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, endothelial-restoring, and immunomodulatory effects the supportive intravenous (iv) use of supraphysiological doses has been investigated so far in 12 controlled or observational studies with altogether 1578 inpatients with COVID-19. In these studies an improved oxygenation, a decrease in inflammatory markers and a faster recovery were observed. In addition, early treatment with iv high dose vitamin C seems to reduce the risks of severe courses of the disease such as pneumonia and also mortality. Persistent inflammation, thrombosis and a dysregulated immune response (auto-immune phenomena and/or persistent viral load) seem to be major contributors to Long-COVID. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the development and progression of fatigue and neuro-psychiatric symptoms in various diseases by disrupting tissue (e.g. autoantibodies), blood flow (e.g. immune thrombosis) and neurotransmitter metabolism (e.g. excitotoxicity). In oncological diseases, other viral infections and autoimmune diseases, which are often associated with fatigue, cognitive disorders, pain and depression similar to Long-COVID, iv high dose vitamin C was shown to significantly relieve these symptoms. Supportive iv vitamin C in acute COVID-19 might therefore reduce the risk of severe courses and also the development of Long-COVID.},
}
@article {pmid35570977,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, Y and Hu, M and Wang, J and Wang, P and Shi, P and Zhao, W and Liu, X and Peng, Q and Meng, B and Feng, X and Zhang, L},
title = {A Bibliometric Analysis of Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19 Researches.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {855633},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.855633},
pmid = {35570977},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {COVID-19, which occurred at the end of December 2019, has evolved into a global public health threat and affects every aspect of human life. COVID-19's high infectivity and mortality prompted governments and the scientific community to respond quickly to the pandemic outbreak. The application of personal protective equipment (PPE) is of great significance in overcoming the epidemic situation. Since the discovery of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), bibliometric analysis has been widely used in many aspects of the COVID-19 epidemic. Although there are many reported studies about PPE and COVID-19, there is no study on the bibliometric analysis of these studies. The citation can be used as an indicator of the scientific influence of an article in its field. The aim of this study was to track the research trends and latest hotspots of COVID-19 in PPE by means of bibliometrics and visualization maps.},
}
@article {pmid35570947,
year = {2022},
author = {Lu, X and Wijayaratna, K and Huang, Y and Qiu, A},
title = {AI-Enabled Opportunities and Transformation Challenges for SMEs in the Post-pandemic Era: A Review and Research Agenda.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {885067},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.885067},
pmid = {35570947},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {The negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic has seen SME's struggling around the world. With many quickly adopting digital technologies, such as AI, in their manufacturing or services operations to achieve sustainable development. This study aims to develop a framework that informs AI-enabled sustainable development for SMEs by integrating the relevant research in the field. In this framework, we identify the opportunities that the deployment of AI technology can do to alleviate the plights of SMEs in the post-pandemic era, including the impacts on work, organizations, and performance. We further explore the challenges that SMEs face in AI transformation and recommend strategies to take on those challenges. Finally we propose an agenda for future research based on technological challenges and environmental threats.},
}
@article {pmid35569864,
year = {2022},
author = {Islam, MM and Koirala, D},
title = {Toward a next-generation diagnostic tool: A review on emerging isothermal nucleic acid amplification techniques for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious viruses.},
journal = {Analytica chimica acta},
volume = {1209},
number = {},
pages = {339338},
doi = {10.1016/j.aca.2021.339338},
pmid = {35569864},
issn = {1873-4324},
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect human health across the globe rapid, simple, point-of-care (POC) diagnosis of infectious viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 remains challenging. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based diagnosis has risen to meet these demands and despite its high-throughput and accuracy, it has failed to gain traction in the rapid, low-cost, point-of-test settings. In contrast, different emerging isothermal amplification-based detection methods show promise in the rapid point-of-test market. In this comprehensive study of the literature, several promising isothermal amplification methods for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 are critically reviewed that can also be applied to other infectious viruses detection. Starting with a brief discussion on the SARS-CoV-2 structure, its genomic features, and the epidemiology of the current pandemic, this review focuses on different emerging isothermal methods and their advancement. The potential of isothermal amplification combined with the revolutionary CRISPR/Cas system for a more powerful detection tool is also critically reviewed. Additionally, the commercial success of several isothermal methods in the pandemic are highlighted. Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 and their implication on isothermal amplifications are also discussed. Furthermore, three most crucial aspects in achieving a simple, fast, and multiplexable platform are addressed.},
}
@article {pmid35569772,
year = {2022},
author = {Sajjadi, S and Hejazi, S and Ravanshad, S and Jafarzadeh Esfehani, R},
title = {Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 and novel Coronavirus Disease 2019; More complex than just a simple coinfection.},
journal = {Gene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {146550},
doi = {10.1016/j.gene.2022.146550},
pmid = {35569772},
issn = {1879-0038},
abstract = {The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) significantly affected many people worldwide, especially those with underlying diseases. While some people with underlying illnesses, including cardiovascular diseases, are more vulnerable to develop severe COVID-19, other populations, including people who have autoimmune diseases, may develop severe diseases similar to the general population. The severity and outcome of COVID-19 are reviewed in individuals with underlying viral diseases, including acquired immune deficiency syndrome and hepatitis, however, some infectious diseases, including human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) diseases, is under-reported in the literature. HTLV-1 is a sexually transmitted disease that is endemic in some parts of the world. Infected patients may develop clinical symptoms of HTLV-1 associated myelopathy / tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and adult T cell leukemia (ATL) or may remain asymptomatic during their life. To the best of our knowledge, no clinical studies evaluate the severity and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in HTLV-1 infected patients. We aimed to review the pathogenesis of both of these viral infections and discuss their similarities in provoking immune responses. Although HTLV-1 infected patients may have had variable degrees of inflammation and immune system dysregulation, the available data is limited to conclude that HTLV-1 infected patients may be more vulnerable to developing severe COVID-19 in contrast to the general population.},
}
@article {pmid35569415,
year = {2022},
author = {Corey, L and Miner, MD},
title = {Accelerating clinical trial development in vaccinology: COVID-19 and beyond.},
journal = {Current opinion in immunology},
volume = {76},
number = {},
pages = {102206},
doi = {10.1016/j.coi.2022.102206},
pmid = {35569415},
issn = {1879-0372},
abstract = {The remarkable success of the US government-backed COVID-19 vaccine development in 2020 offers several lessons on how to effectively foster rapid vaccine discovery and development. Conceptually, the formation of a public-private partnership that included innovative government and academic involvement at all levels of the program was instrumental in promulgating and overseeing the effort. Decades of NIH-sponsored research on vaccine backbones, immunogen design, and clinical trial operations enabled evaluation of vaccine candidates within months of pathogen discovery. Operation Warp Speed fostered industry participation, permitted accelerated movement from preclinical/early phase to efficacy trials, and developed structured clinical trial testing that allowed independent assessment of, yet reasonable comparison between, each vaccine platform by harmonizing protocols, endpoints, laboratories, and statistical analytical criteria for efficacy. This coordinated effort by the US government, pharmaceutical companies, regulators, and academic research institutions resulted in the streamlined, safe, and transparent development and deployment of multiple COVID-19 vaccines in under a year. Lessons learned from this collaborative endeavor should be used to advance additional vaccines of public health importance.},
}
@article {pmid35569351,
year = {2022},
author = {Sharma, P and Behl, T and Sharma, N and Singh, S and Grewal, AS and Albarrati, A and Albratty, M and Meraya, AM and Bungau, S},
title = {COVID-19 and diabetes: Association intensify risk factors for morbidity and mortality.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {151},
number = {},
pages = {113089},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113089},
pmid = {35569351},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Diabetes is a condition that affects a large percentage of the population and it is the leading cause of a wide range of costly complications. Diabetes is linked to a multi-fold increase in mortality and when compared to non-diabetics, the intensity and prevalence of COVID-19 ailment among diabetic individuals are more. Since its discovery in Wuhan, COVID-19 has grown rapidly and shown a wide range of severity. Temperature, lymphopenia, non-productive cough, dyspnoea, and tiredness are recognized as the characteristic of individuals infected with COVID-19 disease. In COVID-19 patients, diabetes and other related comorbidities are substantial predictors of disease and mortality. According to a recent study, SARS-CoV-2 (the virus responsible for covid-19 disease) may also lead to direct pancreatic harm, which could aggravate hyperglycemia and potentially cause the establishment of diabetes in formerly non-diabetic individuals. This bidirectional association of COVID-19 and diabetes load the burden on health care professionals throughout the world. It is recommended that gliptin medications be taken moderately, blood glucose levels must be kept under control, ACE inhibitors should be used in moderation, decrease the number of avoidable hospitalizations, nutritional considerations, and some other prevention measures, such as immunization, are highly recommended. SARS-CoV-2 may cause pleiotropic changes in glucose homeostasis, which could exacerbate the pathophysiology of pre-existing diabetes or result in new disease processes.},
}
@article {pmid35544811,
year = {2022},
author = {Oliveira, JC and Penido, CMF and Franco, ACR and Santos, TLAD and Silva, BAW},
title = {[The specificities of the online focal group: an integrative review].},
journal = {Ciencia & saude coletiva},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {1813-1826},
doi = {10.1590/1413-81232022275.11682021},
pmid = {35544811},
issn = {1678-4561},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Data Collection ; Focus Groups ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; Qualitative Research ; },
abstract = {The scope of this study is to analyze the specificities of conception and execution of the different modalities of online focus groups (OFGs), a qualitative technique that is an alternative to a traditional focus group, due to the social distancing required by the COVID-19 pandemic. An integrative literature review was conducted in PubMed Central and BVS. National and international studies published in the last 10 years that describe and discuss OFGs were included. A total of 291 articles were identified and 24 were included after evaluation in stages. Four OFG modalities were found: synchronous or asynchronous by writing; synchronous by video/audio or audio. The OFG was used to research different health topics. The same platform can be used for realizing different OFG modalities, guaranteeing the participants' security and anonymity. The lack of a real-life atmosphere can impact participant engagement, but it can be resolved. An OFG can produce quality data, save time and expense, expand the participation of people who are geographically dispersed, but limit those with restricted internet access. This study can help researchers who intend to choose anOFG modality. Studies that assess the limits of OFGs in Brazil are suggested, as well those which address the asynchronous OFG by audio.},
}
@article {pmid35122894,
year = {2022},
author = {George, S and Muhaj, FF and Nguyen, CD and Tyring, SK},
title = {Part I Antimicrobial resistance: Bacterial pathogens of dermatologic significance and implications of rising resistance.},
journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology},
volume = {86},
number = {6},
pages = {1189-1204},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2021.11.066},
pmid = {35122894},
issn = {1097-6787},
abstract = {Although the COVID-19 pandemic has been the defining global health crisis of our time, public health officials have been sounding the alarm of another ominous threat for years: an impending antimicrobial resistance crisis. In dermatology, antibiotics are often used for prolonged courses in the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections and common inflammatory skin conditions, increasing the risk of microbiome alteration and antibiotic-related adverse effects, all while exerting consequential selective pressures on both pathogenic and bystander bacteria. In this review, we hope to raise awareness of the crisis of antimicrobial resistance and review resistance concerns related to dermatology-relevant bacterial pathogens.},
}
@article {pmid35568661,
year = {2022},
author = {Myers, V and Saban, M and Wilf-Miron, R},
title = {Covid-19 in children aged 5-11: Examining the issues surrounding vaccination and public health policy.},
journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2022.03.002},
pmid = {35568661},
issn = {1526-0550},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Children under 12 are now the largest unvaccinated group. Following FDA approval, vaccination of 5-11 year olds is now being encouraged in some countries. We present data on child COVID-related morbidity in Israel and discuss the complexities surrounding vaccinating children aged 5-11.
METHODS: Data were obtained from Israel's open COVID database regarding new confirmed daily COVID-19 cases, severe hospitalized cases and deaths by age group in Israel from February 2020-November 2021, as well as vaccination rate and adverse events following vaccination.
RESULTS: In 5-11 year olds, there were 460 hospitalizations, including 72 moderate to critical (0.007% population rate), with 3 deaths (0.0003% population rate). Children (0-19) made up the largest proportion (41%) of cases, but comprised just <0.1% of deaths, and <1% of severe cases. Post-vaccine myocarditis was much lower than severe COVID risk except in boys aged 12-19 where it was equivalent to the risk of mechanical ventilation due to COVID in boys aged 10-19 (12 per 100,000). High numbers of children were quarantined.
CONCLUSIONS: COVID risk is minimal for most children though rare complications do occur. Israeli and US pediatric associations have recommended vaccinating children, particularly in high-incidence scenarios where risk-benefit balance is more clear-cut. However only a quarter of eligible parents have vaccinated their children. Parents may consider health grounds but also restrictions on children, population vaccination levels, waning immunity and new variants, and should be provided with clear information to help them make an informed decision. Policymakers should reevaluate the need for isolations, testing and mask-wearing in school age children, which are detrimental to their wellbeing.},
}
@article {pmid35568518,
year = {2022},
author = {Reis, J and Buguet, A and Román, GC and Spencer, PS},
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic, an environmental neurology perspective.},
journal = {Revue neurologique},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.neurol.2022.02.455},
pmid = {35568518},
issn = {0035-3787},
abstract = {Neurologists have a particular interest in SARS-CoV-2 because the nervous system is a major participant in COVID-19, both in its acute phase and in its persistent post-COVID phase. The global spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has revealed most of the challenges and risk factors that humanity will face in the future. We review from an environmental neurology perspective some characteristics that have underpinned the pandemic. We consider the agent, SARS-CoV-2, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 as influenced by environmental factors, its impact on the brain and some containment measures on brain health. Several questions remain, including the differential clinical impact of variants, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on sleep and wakefulness, and the neurological components of Long-COVID syndrome. We touch on the role of national leaders and public health policies that have underpinned management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased awareness, anticipation and preparedness are needed to address comparable future challenges.},
}
@article {pmid35568325,
year = {2022},
author = {Mani, A and Ojha, V},
title = {Thromboembolism after Covid-19 vaccination: a systematic review of such events in 286 patients.},
journal = {Annals of vascular surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.avsg.2022.05.001},
pmid = {35568325},
issn = {1615-5947},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Development of vaccines with high efficacy against Covid-19 disease has ushered a new ray of hope in the fight against the pandemic. Thromboembolic events have been reported after administration of vaccines. We aim to systematically review thromboembolic events reported after Covid-19 vaccination.
METHODS: The available literature was systematically screened for available data on thromboembolic events post Covid-19 vaccination. Data was extracted from selected studies and analysed for site of thromboembolism as well as other risk factors. All data was pooled to determine cumulative incidence of thromboembolism at various sites post vaccination.
RESULTS: A total of 20 studies were selected for final analysis. The mean age of the population was 48.5 ± 15.4 years (females- 67.4%). Mean time to event post vaccination was 10.8 ± 7.2 days. Venous thrombosis(74.8%, n=214/286) was more common than arterial thrombosis (27.9%,n=80/286). Cerebral sinus thrombosis was most common manifestation (28.3%,n=81/286) of venous thrombosis followed by deep vein thrombosis(19.2%,n=49/254). Myocardial infarction was common (20.1%,n=55/274) in patients with arterial thrombosis followed by ischemic stroke (8.02%,n=22/274). Concurrent thrombosis at multiple sites was noted in 15.4% patients. Majority of patients had thrombocytopenia (49%) and anti-platelet factor 4 antibodies (78.6%). Thromboembolic events were mostly reported after Astra-Zeneca vaccine (93.7%). Cerebral sinus thrombosis was most common amongst thromboembolic events reported after Astra-Zeneca vaccine. Amongst the reported cases, mortality was noted in 29.9% patients.
CONCLUSION: Thromboembolic events can occur after Covid-19 vaccination, most commonly after Astra Zeneca vaccine. Cerebral sinus thrombosis is the most common manifestation noted in vaccinated individuals.},
}
@article {pmid35568322,
year = {2022},
author = {Braude, P and McCarthy, K and Strawbridge, R and Short, R and Verduri, A and Vilches-Moraga, A and Hewitt, J and Carter, B},
title = {Frailty is associated with poor mental health 1 year after hospitalisation with COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.035},
pmid = {35568322},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Frailty is associated with long-term physical deterioration after COVID-19. Mental health recovery has been less well investigated. Early studies have shown minimal effect from the virus, although studies have not focused on whether people living with frailty may have different psychiatric outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of living with frailty on mental health outcomes one year after hospital with COVID-19.
METHODS: We undertook a multicentre cross-sectional study of people admitted with COVID-19. We assessed quality of life (ICECAP-O and MRC), psychiatric symptoms including: generalised anxiety (GAD-7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and trauma (Trauma Screening Questionnaire). Frailty was measured using the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). We used a multivariable mixed-effects logistic and linear regression to examine the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and adjusted mean difference (aMD).
RESULTS: From eight hospitals 224 participants consented. Median follow-up time from admission 358 days (IQR 153-418), mean age 63.8 (SD = 13.7), 34.8% female (n = 78), and 43.7% living with frailty (n = 98 CFS 4-8). People living with frailty were significantly more likely to have symptoms of anxiety aOR = 5.72 (95% CI 1.71-19.13), depression aOR = 2.52 (95% CI 1.59-14.91), post-traumatic stress disorder aMD = 1.16 (95% CI 0.47, 1.85), and worse quality of life aMD = 1.06 (95% CI 0.76-1.36).
LIMITATIONS: Patient-rated symptoms were captured rather than formal mental health diagnoses. CFS has not been validated in under 65-year-olds.
CONCLUSIONS: Living with frailty is associated with significant psychiatric morbidity and reduced wellbeing one year after COVID-19 hospital admission. We recommend clinical follow-up after COVID-19 for people living with frailty should include a psychiatric assessment.},
}
@article {pmid35568229,
year = {2022},
author = {Patil, PJ and Sutar, SS and Usman, M and Patil, DN and Dhanavade, MJ and Shehzad, Q and Mehmood, A and Shah, H and Teng, C and Zhang, C and Li, X},
title = {Exploring bioactive peptides as potential therapeutic and biotechnology treasures: A contemporary perspective.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {120637},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120637},
pmid = {35568229},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {In preceding years, bioactive peptides (BAPs) have piqued escalating attention owing to their multitudinous biological features. To date, many potential BAPs exhibiting anti-cancer activities have been documented; yet, obstacles such as their safety profiles and consumer acceptance continue to exist. Moreover, BAPs have been discovered to facilitate the suppression of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (CoVID-19) and maybe ideal for treating the CoVID-19 infection, as stated by published experimental findings, but their widespread knowledge is scarce. Likewise, there is a cornucopia of BAPs possessing neuroprotective effects that mend neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) by regulating gut microbiota, but they remain a subject of research interest. Additionally, a plethora of researchers have attempted next-generation approaches based on BAPs, but they need scientific attention. The text format of this critical review is organized around an overview of BAPs' versatility and diverse bio functionalities with emphasis on recent developments and novelties. The review is alienated into independent sections, which are related to either BAPs based disease management strategies or next-generation BAPs based approaches. BAPs based anti-cancer, anti-CoVID-19, and neuroprotective strategies have been explored, which may offer insights that could help the researchers and industries to find an alternate regimen against the three aforementioned fatal diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review that has systematically discussed the next-generation approaches in BAP research. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the BAPs may be optimal for the management of cancer, CoVID-19, and NDs; nevertheless, experimental and preclinical studies are crucial to validate their therapeutic benefits.},
}
@article {pmid35568189,
year = {2022},
author = {Kalafat, E and Heath, P and Prasad, S and O Brien, P and Khalil, A},
title = {COVID-19 vaccination in pregnancy.},
journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2022.05.020},
pmid = {35568189},
issn = {1097-6868},
abstract = {Despite recent endorsement from official and professional bodies, unequivocally recommending COVID-19 vaccination, hesitancy among pregnant persons remains high. The accumulated evidence clearly demonstrates that pregnant persons are a special risk group for COVID-19, with increased risk of intensive care unit admission, extracorporeal membranous oxygenation requirement, preterm birth and perinatal death. These risks are further increased with some variants of concern, and vaccination of pregnant persons reduces the COVID related increase in maternal or fetal morbidity. Data from over 180,000 vaccinated show immunization against COVID-19 with an mRNA vaccine is safe for pregnant persons. Many observational studies comparing perinatal outcomes between vaccinated and unvaccinated pregnant persons have had reassuring findings and did not demonstrate detrimental effects on pregnancy or the newborn. Immunization with mRNA vaccines does not increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm delivery, low birth weight, maternal or neonatal intensive care unit admission, fetal death, fetal abnormality or pulmonary embolism. Moreover, observational data corroborate the findings of randomized trials that mRNA vaccination is highly effective at preventing severe SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant persons, emphasizing that the potential maternal and fetal benefits of vaccination greatly outweigh the potential risks of vaccination. Ensuring pregnant persons have unrestricted access to COVID-19 vaccination should be a priority in every country around the globe.},
}
@article {pmid35568167,
year = {2022},
author = {Abhilash, and Inamdar, I},
title = {Recycling of plastic wastes generated from COVID-19: A comprehensive illustration of type and properties of plastics with remedial options.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {155895},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155895},
pmid = {35568167},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Plastic has contributed enormously to the healthcare sector and towards public health safety during the COVID-19 pandemic. With the frequent usage of plastic-based personal protective equipment (PPEs) (including face masks, gloves, protective body suits, aprons, gowns, face shields, surgical masks, and goggles), by frontline health workers, there has been a tremendous increase in their manufacture and distribution. Different types of plastic polymers are used in the manufacture of this equipment, depending upon their usage. However, since a majority of these plastics are still single-use plastics (SUP), they are not at all eco-friendly and end up generating large quantities of plastic waste. The overview presents the various available and practiced methods in vogue for disposal cum treatment of these highly contaminated plastic wastes. Among the current methods of plastic waste disposal, incineration and land filling are the most common ones, but both these methods have their negative impacts on the environment. Alongside, numerous methods that can be used to sterilize them before any treatment have been discussed. There are several new sorting technologies, to help produce purer polymers that can be made to undergo thermal or chemical treatments. Microbial degradation is one such novel method that is under the spotlight currently and being studied extensively, because of its ecological advantages, cost-effectiveness, ease of use, and maintenance. In addition to the deliberations on the methods, strategies have been enumerated for combination of different methods, vis-à-vis studying the life cycle assessment towards a more circular economy in handling this menace to protect mankind.},
}
@article {pmid35567754,
year = {2022},
author = {Marzolini, C and Kuritzkes, DR and Marra, F and Boyle, A and Gibbons, S and Flexner, C and Pozniak, A and Boffito, M and Waters, L and Burger, D and Back, DJ and Khoo, S},
title = {Recommendations for the management of drug-drug interactions between the COVID-19 antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid®) and comedications.},
journal = {Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cpt.2646},
pmid = {35567754},
issn = {1532-6535},
abstract = {The Covid-19 antiviral nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r) (Paxlovid®) has been granted authorization or approval in several countries for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 at high risk of progression to severe disease and with no requirement for supplemental oxygen. NMV/r will be primarily administered outside the hospital setting as a 5-day course oral treatment. The ritonavir component boosts plasma concentrations of nirmatrelvir through the potent and rapid inhibition of the key drug metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Thus NMV/r, even given as a short treatment course, has a high potential to cause harm from drug-drug interactions (DDIs) with other drugs metabolized through this pathway. Options for mitigating risk from DDIs with NMV/r are limited due to the clinical illness, the short window for intervention and the related difficulty to implement clinical monitoring or dosage adjustment of the comedication. Pragmatic options are largely confined to pre-emptive or symptom-driven pausing of the comedication or managing any additional risk through counselling. This review summarizes the effects of ritonavir on drug disposition (i.e. metabolizing enzymes and transporters) and discusses factors determining the likelihood of having a clinically significant DDI. Furthermore, it provides a comprehensive list of comedications likely to be used in COVID-19 patients which are categorized according to their potential DDI risk with NMV/r. It also discusses recommendations for the management of DDIs which balance the risk of harm from DDIs with a short course of ritonavir, against unnecessary denial of NMV/r treatment.},
}
@article {pmid35567311,
year = {2022},
author = {Graça, A and Martins, AM and Ribeiro, HM and Marques Marto, J},
title = {Indirect consequences of coronavirus disease 2019: Skin lesions caused by the frequent hand sanitation and use of personal protective equipment and strategies for their prevention.},
journal = {The Journal of dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1346-8138.16431},
pmid = {35567311},
issn = {1346-8138},
support = {2020.10138.BD to A. Graça//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; CEECINST/00145/2018 to J.Marto//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDB/04138/2020 to iMed.ULisboa//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; UIDP/04138/2020 to iMed.ULisboa//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enforced the use of hand sanitation and of personal protective equipment, such as masks and visors, especially by health-care professionals, but also by the general public. However, frequent hand sanitation and the prolonged and continuous use of personal protective equipment are responsible for constant frictional and pressure forces on skin causing lesions, the most reported being acne, facial itching, dryness, and rash. Thus, it is important to find measures to prevent skin lesions, in order to improve the quality of life of health-care professionals and of the general public. This article gathers the current information regarding measures to prevent human to human transmission of COVID-19, reviews the most common skin lesions caused by the use of hand sanitizers and different types of personal protective equipment, and the possible preventive measures that can be used on a daily basis to minimize the risk of developing skin-related pathologies. Daily skin care routines and the incorporation of a dressing between the skin and the personal protective equipment to serve as a protective barrier are some of the applied measures. Moisturizers and dressings improve the skin's ability to respond to constant aggressions. Lastly, the need for additional studies to evaluate the lubrication properties of different types of dressings is discussed. The understanding of what kind of dressing is more suitable to prevent pressure injuries is crucial to promote healthy skin and wellbeing during pandemic times.},
}
@article {pmid35567287,
year = {2022},
author = {Hosseini, A and Badri, T and Ghaleh, HEG and Hassanpour, K and Alishiri, GH and Akbariqomi, M and Farnoosh, G},
title = {Melatonin as a complementary and prophylactic agent against COVID-19 in high-risk populations: A narrative review of recent findings from clinical and preclinical studies.},
journal = {Fundamental & clinical pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/fcp.12805},
pmid = {35567287},
issn = {1472-8206},
}
@article {pmid35567232,
year = {2022},
author = {Ben Ayed, R and Hanana, M and Ercisli, S and Karunakaran, R and Rebai, A and Moreau, F},
title = {Integration of Innovative Technologies in the Agri-Food Sector: The Fundamentals and Practical Case of DNA-Based Traceability of Olives from Fruit to Oil.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants11091230},
pmid = {35567232},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Several socio-economic problems have been hidden by the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. Particularly, the agricultural and food industrial sectors have been harshly affected by this devastating disease. Moreover, with the worldwide population increase and the agricultural production technologies being inefficient or obsolete, there is a great need to find new and successful ways to fulfill the increasing food demand. A new era of agriculture and food industry is forthcoming, with revolutionary concepts, processes and technologies, referred to as Agri-food 4.0, which enables the next level of agri-food production and trade. In addition, consumers are becoming more and more aware about the origin, traceability, healthy and high-quality of agri-food products. The integration of new process of production and data management is a mandatory step to meet consumer and market requirements. DNA traceability may provide strong approach to certify and authenticate healthy food products, particularly for olive oil. With this approach, the origin and authenticity of products are confirmed by the means of unique nucleic acid sequences. Selected tools, methods and technologies involved in and contributing to the advance of the agri-food sector are presented and discussed in this paper. Moreover, the application of DNA traceability as an innovative approach to authenticate olive products is reported in this paper as an application and promising case of smart agriculture.},
}
@article {pmid35566802,
year = {2022},
author = {Kubas, A and Malecka-Wojciesko, E},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccination in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD).},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092676},
pmid = {35566802},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {503/1-002-01/503-11-001-19-00//Medical University of Lodz/ ; },
abstract = {Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are believed to play a key role in the suppression of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) were excluded from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines trials. Therefore, concerns regarding vaccination efficacy and safety among those patients were raised. Overall, vaccination is well tolerated in the IBD population, and different gastroenterological societies recommend vaccinating patients with IBD at the earliest opportunity to do so. Nevertheless, very little is known about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines in special IBD populations such as pregnant and breastfeeding women or pediatric patients, and further research on this matter is crucial. The available data on vaccine efficacy are promising and show high seroconversion rates in IBD patients on different immune-modifying therapies. However, patients treated with high doses of systemic corticosteroids, infliximab or infliximab and immunomodulators may have a blunted response to the vaccination. The data on COVID-19 vaccination willingness among patients with IBD are conflicting. Nevertheless, vaccine effectiveness and safety are reported to be the most common reasons for hesitancy. This review examines the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines and describes vaccination willingness and the reasons for potential hesitancy among patients with IBD.},
}
@article {pmid35566737,
year = {2022},
author = {Toro-Huamanchumo, CJ and Benites-Meza, JK and Mamani-García, CS and Bustamante-Paytan, D and Gracia-Ramos, AE and Diaz-Vélez, C and Barboza, JJ},
title = {Efficacy of Colchicine in the Treatment of COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092615},
pmid = {35566737},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We assessed the efficacy of colchicine in COVID-19 patients through a systematic review.
METHODS: Six databases were searched until March 2022 for studies assessing colchicine versus control in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The primary outcome was mortality, and secondary outcome was length of hospitalization. Inverse variance and random effect meta-analyses were performed. The strength of evidence was assessed using GRADE.
RESULTS: Nine studies (five randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and four non-randomized studies of intervention (NRSI); n = 13,478). Colchicine did not reduce mortality in comparison with the standard of care in RCTs (RR 0.99; 95%CI 0.90 to 1.10; p = 0.90); however, it did reduce mortality in NRSI studies (RR 0.45; 95%CI 0.26 to 0.77; p = 0.02). In the analysis of RCTs, colchicine did not reduce the length of hospitalization in comparison with the standard of care (MD: -2.25 days; 95%CI: -9.34 to 4.84; p = 0.15). Most studies were scored as having a high risk of bias. Quality of evidence was very low for primary and secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSION: Colchicine did not reduce the mortality and length of hospitalization in comparison with the standard of care in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The published evidence is insufficient and of very low quality to recommend treatment in patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35566714,
year = {2022},
author = {Sobocki, BK and Perdyan, A and Szot, O and Rutkowski, J},
title = {Management of Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas: A Case-Based Review of Clinical Aspects and Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092591},
pmid = {35566714},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Paraganglioma and pheochromocytoma are rare medical conditions. Thus, there are still a small number of studies, clinical trials, and evidence-based data in this field. This makes clinical decisions more difficult. In this study, we present a case report enriched with a short review of available essential clinical data, indicating the need for constant metoxycatecholamine level observation and a proper diagnostic imaging approach, especially in terms of ongoing pandemics. Our research also provides a summary of the molecular background of these diseases, indicating their future role in clinical management. We analyzed the ClinicalTrials.gov dataset in order to show future perspectives. In this paper, the use of the PET-CT before MRI or CT is proposed in specific cases during diagnosis processes contrary to the guidelines. PET-CT may be as effective as standard procedures and may provide a faster diagnosis, which is important in periods with more difficult access to health care, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35566625,
year = {2022},
author = {Landoni, G and Belloni, O and Russo, G and Bonaccorso, A and Carà, G and Jabaudon, M},
title = {Inhaled Sedation for Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092500},
pmid = {35566625},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Volatile anesthetics were used as sedative agents in COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) invasively ventilated patients for their potentially beneficial pharmacological effects and due to the temporary shortages of intravenous agents during the pandemic crisis.
METHODS: Online databases (PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial) and the "clinicaltrials.gov" website were searched for studies reporting the use of isoflurane, sevoflurane or desflurane.
RESULTS: We identified three manuscripts describing the beneficial effects of isoflurane on 41 COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in Germany (n = 2) and in the USA (n = 1), in terms of reduction in the use of opioids and other sedatives. We also found a case report of two patients with transient nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, which started after 6 and 8 days of sevoflurane sedation. We identified two randomized controlled trials (RCTs; 92 patients overall), two observational studies (238 patients) on the use of volatile anesthetics in COVID-19 patients that were completed but not yet published, and one RCT interrupted for a low recruitment ratio (19 patients) and thus not published. We also identified five ongoing RCTs on the use of inhaled sedation in ARDS, which are also likely to be recruiting COVID-19 patients and which have currently enrolled a total of >1643 patients.
CONCLUSION: Isoflurane was the most frequently used volatile agent in COVID-19 patients and allowed a reduction in the use of other sedative and analgesic drugs. Randomized evidence is building up and will be useful to confirm or challenge these findings.},
}
@article {pmid35566589,
year = {2022},
author = {Nappi, F and Bellomo, F and Avtaar Singh, SS},
title = {Insights into the Role of Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Causing Cardiovascular Complications in Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092460},
pmid = {35566589},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has resulted in significant mortality and burdening of healthcare resources. While initially noted as a pulmonary pathology, subsequent studies later identified cardiovascular involvement with high mortalities reported in specific cohorts of patients. While cardiovascular comorbidities were identified early on, the exact manifestation and etiopathology of the infection remained elusive. This systematic review aims to investigate the role of inflammatory pathways, highlighting several culprits including neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) which have since been extensively investigated.
METHOD: A search was conducted using three databases (MEDLINE; MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and EMBASE). Data from randomized controlled trials (RCT), prospective series, meta-analyses, and unmatched observational studies were considered for the processing of the algorithm and treatment of inflammatory response during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Studies without the SARS-CoV-2 Infection period and case reports were excluded.
RESULTS: A total of 47 studies were included in this study. The role of the acute inflammatory response in the propagation of the systemic inflammatory sequelae of the disease plays a major part in determining outcomes. Some of the mechanisms of activation of these pathways have been highlighted in previous studies and are highlighted.
CONCLUSION: NETs play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response. Despite moving into the endemic phase of the disease in most countries, COVID-19 remains an entity that has not been fully understood with long-term effects remaining uncertain and requiring ongoing monitoring and research.},
}
@article {pmid35566548,
year = {2022},
author = {Campanati, A and Diotallevi, F and Martina, E and Radi, G and Offidani, A},
title = {Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned and Opportunities.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092422},
pmid = {35566548},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, clinicians have been overwhelmed by questions beyond the SARS-CoV-2 infection itself. In dermatology practice, clinicians have been facing difficulties concerning therapeutic management of chronic immune-mediated skin disease, above all psoriasis. Major challenges arisen were to understand the role of immunosuppression or immunomodulation on COVID-19 evolution, the benefit/risk ratio related to discontinuation or modification of ongoing treatment, and the appropriateness of initiating new treatments, the optimization of timing in vaccination administration to patients under immunomodulatory treatments, and finally how to find new strategy of patients' management through remote assistance. In this comprehensive review, we present the current evidence about the course and management of psoriasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The general message from dermatologists was that data did not suggest that having PSO or its treatment significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection or more severe COVID-19 course, the vaccination is highly recommended in all psoriatic patients, beyond ongoing treatment, and that the telehealth experience was a success overall.},
}
@article {pmid35566534,
year = {2022},
author = {Bockholt, R and Paschke, S and Heubner, L and Ibarlucea, B and Laupp, A and Janićijević, Ž and Klinghammer, S and Balakin, S and Maitz, MF and Werner, C and Cuniberti, G and Baraban, L and Spieth, PM},
title = {Real-Time Monitoring of Blood Parameters in the Intensive Care Unit: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092408},
pmid = {35566534},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {EKFZ for Digital Health Dresden IIP Fund//Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung/ ; },
abstract = {The number of patients in intensive care units has increased over the past years. Critically ill patients are treated with a real time support of the instruments that offer monitoring of relevant blood parameters. These parameters include blood gases, lactate, and glucose, as well as pH and temperature. Considering the COVID-19 pandemic, continuous management of dynamic deteriorating parameters in patients is more relevant than ever before. This narrative review aims to summarize the currently available literature regarding real-time monitoring of blood parameters in intensive care. Both, invasive and non-invasive methods are described in detail and discussed in terms of general advantages and disadvantages particularly in context of their use in different medical fields but especially in critical care. The objective is to explicate both, well-known and frequently used as well as relatively unknown devices. Furtehrmore, potential future direction in research and development of realtime sensor systems are discussed. Therefore, the discussion section provides a brief description of current developments in biosensing with special emphasis on their technical implementation. In connection with these developments, the authors focus on different electrochemical approaches to invasive and non-invasive measurements in vivo.},
}
@article {pmid35566450,
year = {2022},
author = {Altobelli, E and Angeletti, PM and Marzi, F and D'Ascenzo, F and Petrocelli, R and Patti, G},
title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak on Emergency Department Presentation and Prognosis of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092323},
pmid = {35566450},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {We performed an updated meta-analysis to robustly quantify admission trends of patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and non-ST-segment elevation MI (NSTEMI) during the first wave of the pandemic and to characterize on a large basis the risk profile and early prognosis. Studies having the same observation period for the comparison between SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in 2020 versus control period in 2019 were included. Primary endpoints were the relative variation of hospital admissions, the difference of in-hospital mortality for STEMI and NSTEMI. Secondary were: mortality according to countries, income levels and data quality; cardiogenic shock, mechanical complications, door-to-balloon time, time from symptom onset to first medical contact, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and troponin. In total, 61 observational studies with 125,346 patients were included. Compared with 2019, during the pandemic for STEMI were observed: a 24% reduction of hospitalizations with an impact on early survival (OR = 1.33 in-hospital mortality); the time from symptom onset to first medical contact was 91.31 min longer, whereas door-to-balloon time was increased (+5.44 min); after STEMI, the rate of cardiogenic shock was 33% higher; LVEF at discharge was decreased (-3.46); elevated high-sensitivity troponin levels (1.52) on admission. For NSTEMI, in the COVID-19 period, we observed a 31% reduction of hospitalizations and higher in-hospital deaths (OR = 1.34). The highest mortality rates among countries were: Italy OR = 3.71 (high income), Serbia OR = 2.15 (upper middle) and Pakistan OR = 1.69 (lower middle). Later hospital presentation was associated with larger infarctions, as well as with increased cardiogenic shock and in-hospital mortality.},
}
@article {pmid35566405,
year = {2022},
author = {Russo, A and Olivadese, V and Trecarichi, EM and Torti, C},
title = {Bacterial Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in COVID-19 Patients: Data from the Second and Third Waves of the Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm11092279},
pmid = {35566405},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation were admitted to intensive care units (ICU) for COVID-19-related severe respiratory failure. As a matter of fact, ICU admission and invasive ventilation increased the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), which is associated with high mortality rate and a considerable burden on length of ICU stay and healthcare costs. The objective of this review was to evaluate data about VAP in COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU that developed VAP, including their etiology (limiting to bacteria), clinical characteristics, and outcomes. The analysis was limited to the most recent waves of the epidemic. The main conclusions of this review are the following: (i) P. aeruginosa, Enterobacterales, and S. aureus are more frequently involved as etiology of VAP; (ii) obesity is an important risk factor for the development of VAP; and (iii) data are still scarce and increasing efforts should be put in place to optimize the clinical management and preventative strategies for this complex and life-threatening disease.},
}
@article {pmid35566268,
year = {2022},
author = {Deval, J and Gurard-Levin, ZA},
title = {Opportunities and Challenges in Targeting the Proofreading Activity of SARS-CoV-2 Polymerase Complex.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092918},
pmid = {35566268},
issn = {1420-3049},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the development of vaccines and the emergence of antiviral therapeutics is promising, alternative strategies to combat COVID-19 (and potential future pandemics) remain an unmet need. Coronaviruses feature a unique mechanism that may present opportunities for therapeutic intervention: the RNA polymerase complex of coronaviruses is distinct in its ability to proofread and remove mismatched nucleotides during genome replication and transcription. The proofreading activity has been linked to the exonuclease (ExoN) activity of non-structural protein 14 (NSP14). Here, we review the role of NSP14, and other NSPs, in SARS-CoV-2 replication and describe the assays that have been developed to assess the ExoN function. We also review the nucleoside analogs and non-nucleoside inhibitors known to interfere with the proofreading activity of NSP14. Although not yet validated, the potential use of non-nucleoside proofreading inhibitors in combination with chain-terminating nucleosides may be a promising avenue for the development of anti-CoV agents.},
}
@article {pmid35566253,
year = {2022},
author = {Khazaal, S and Harb, J and Rima, M and Annweiler, C and Wu, Y and Cao, Z and Abi Khattar, Z and Legros, C and Kovacic, H and Fajloun, Z and Sabatier, JM},
title = {The Pathophysiology of Long COVID throughout the Renin-Angiotensin System.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092903},
pmid = {35566253},
issn = {1420-3049},
abstract = {COVID-19 has expanded across the world since its discovery in Wuhan (China) and has had a significant impact on people's lives and health. Long COVID is a term coined by the World Health Organization (WHO) to describe a variety of persistent symptoms after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. Long COVID has been demonstrated to affect various SARS-CoV-2-infected persons, independently of the acute disease severity. The symptoms of long COVID, like acute COVID-19, consist in the set of damage to various organs and systems such as the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, endocrine, urinary, and immune systems. Fatigue, dyspnea, cardiac abnormalities, cognitive and attention impairments, sleep disturbances, post-traumatic stress disorder, muscle pain, concentration problems, and headache were all reported as symptoms of long COVID. At the molecular level, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is heavily involved in the pathogenesis of this illness, much as it is in the acute phase of the viral infection. In this review, we summarize the impact of long COVID on several organs and tissues, with a special focus on the significance of the RAS in the disease pathogenesis. Long COVID risk factors and potential therapy approaches are also explored.},
}
@article {pmid35566252,
year = {2022},
author = {Al-Khayri, JM and Sahana, GR and Nagella, P and Joseph, BV and Alessa, FM and Al-Mssallem, MQ},
title = {Flavonoids as Potential Anti-Inflammatory Molecules: A Review.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092901},
pmid = {35566252},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {Project No. AN000511//Deanship of Scientific Research, Vice Presidency for Graduate Studies and Scientific Research, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia [Project No. AN000511]./ ; },
abstract = {Hydroxylated polyphenols, also called flavonoids, are richly present in vegetables, fruits, cereals, nuts, herbs, seeds, stems, and flowers of numerous plants. They possess numerous medicinal properties such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-microbial, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammation. Studies show that flavonoids activate antioxidant pathways that render an anti-inflammatory effect. They inhibit the secretions of enzymes such as lysozymes and β-glucuronidase and inhibit the secretion of arachidonic acid, which reduces inflammatory reactions. Flavonoids such as quercetin, genistein, apigenin, kaempferol, and epigallocatechin 3-gallate modulate the expression and activation of a cytokine such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-8 (IL-8); regulate the gene expression of many pro-inflammatory molecules such s nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), activator protein-1 (AP-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM), and E-selectins; and also inhibits inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, and lipoxygenase, which are pro-inflammatory enzymes. Understanding the anti-inflammatory action of flavonoids provides better treatment options, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced inflammation, inflammatory bowel disease, obstructive pulmonary disorder, arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and cancer. This review highlights the sources, biochemical activities, and role of flavonoids in enhancing human health.},
}
@article {pmid35566123,
year = {2022},
author = {Tang, M and Cheng, L and Liu, Y and Wu, Z and Zhang, X and Luo, S},
title = {Plant Polysaccharides Modulate Immune Function via the Gut Microbiome and May Have Potential in COVID-19 Therapy.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092773},
pmid = {35566123},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {2020C02037//Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program/ ; },
abstract = {Plant polysaccharides can increase the number and variety of beneficial bacteria in the gut and produce a variety of active substances, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Gut microbes and their specific metabolites have the effects of promoting anti-inflammatory activity, enhancing the intestinal barrier, and activating and regulating immune cells, which are beneficial for improving immunity. A strong immune system reduces inflammation caused by external viruses and other pathogens. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still spreading globally, and patients with COVID-19 often have intestinal disease and weakened immune systems. This article mainly evaluates how polysaccharides in plants can improve the immune system barrier by improving the intestinal microecological balance, which may have potential in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35566101,
year = {2022},
author = {Imran, M and Khan, SA and Abida, and Alshammari, MK and Alkhaldi, SM and Alshammari, FN and Kamal, M and Alam, O and Asdaq, SMB and Alzahrani, AK and Jomah, S},
title = {Nigella sativa L. and COVID-19: A Glance at The Anti-COVID-19 Chemical Constituents, Clinical Trials, Inventions, and Patent Literature.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092750},
pmid = {35566101},
issn = {1420-3049},
abstract = {COVID-19 has had an impact on human quality of life and economics. Scientists have been identifying remedies for its prevention and treatment from all possible sources, including plants. Nigella sativa L. (NS) is an important medicinal plant of Islamic value. This review highlights the anti-COVID-19 potential, clinical trials, inventions, and patent literature related to NS and its major chemical constituents, like thymoquinone. The literature was collected from different databases, including Pubmed, Espacenet, and Patentscope. The literature supports the efficacy of NS, NS oil (NSO), and its chemical constituents against COVID-19. The clinical data imply that NS and NSO can prevent and treat COVID-19 patients with a faster recovery rate. Several inventions comprising NS and NSO have been claimed in patent applications to prevent/treat COVID-19. The patent literature cites NS as an immunomodulator, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, a source of anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds, and a plant having protective effects on the lungs. The available facts indicate that NS, NSO, and its various compositions have all the attributes to be used as a promising remedy to prevent, manage, and treat COVID-19 among high-risk people as well as for the therapy of COVID-19 patients of all age groups as a monotherapy or a combination therapy. Many compositions of NS in combination with countless medicinal herbs and medicines are still unexplored. Accordingly, the authors foresee a bright scope in developing NS-based anti-COVID-19 composition for clinical use in the future.},
}
@article {pmid35566065,
year = {2022},
author = {Xu, X and Tian, K and Lou, X and Du, Y},
title = {Potential of Ferritin-Based Platforms for Tumor Immunotherapy.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092716},
pmid = {35566065},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {82001932//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Ferritin is an iron storage protein that plays a key role in iron homeostasis and cellular antioxidant activity. Ferritin has many advantages as a tumor immunotherapy platform, including a small particle size that allows for penetration into tumor-draining lymph nodes or tumor tissue, a unique structure consisting of 24 self-assembled subunits, cavities that can encapsulate drugs, natural targeting functions, and a modifiable outer surface. In this review, we summarize related research applying ferritin as a tumor immune vaccine or a nanocarrier for immunomodulator drugs based on different targeting mechanisms (including dendritic cells, tumor-associated macrophages, tumor-associated fibroblasts, and tumor cells). In addition, a ferritin-based tumor vaccine expected to protect against a wide range of coronaviruses by targeting multiple variants of SARS-CoV-2 has entered phase I clinical trials, and its efficacy is described in this review. Although ferritin is already on the road to transformation, there are still many difficulties to overcome. Therefore, three barriers (drug loading, modification sites, and animal models) are also discussed in this paper. Notwithstanding, the ferritin-based nanoplatform has great potential for tumor immunotherapy, with greater possibility of clinical transformation.},
}
@article {pmid35566055,
year = {2022},
author = {Tran, TN and Henary, M},
title = {Synthesis and Applications of Nitrogen-Containing Heterocycles as Antiviral Agents.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules27092700},
pmid = {35566055},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {T34GM131939//National Institute of Health/ ; },
abstract = {Viruses have been a long-term source of infectious diseases that can lead to large-scale infections and massive deaths. Especially with the recent highly contagious coronavirus (COVID-19), antiviral drugs were developed nonstop to deal with the emergence of new viruses and subject to drug resistance. Nitrogen-containing heterocycles have compatible structures and properties with exceptional biological activity for the drug design of antiviral agents. They provided a broad spectrum of interference against viral infection at various stages, from blocking early viral entry to disrupting the viral genome replication process by targeting different enzymes and proteins of viruses. This review focused on the synthesis and application of antiviral agents derived from various nitrogen-containing heterocycles, such as indole, pyrrole, pyrimidine, pyrazole, and quinoline, within the last ten years. The synthesized scaffolds target HIV, HCV/HBV, VZV/HSV, SARS-CoV, COVID-19, and influenza viruses.},
}
@article {pmid35565876,
year = {2022},
author = {Singh, B and Eshaghian, E and Chuang, J and Covasa, M},
title = {Do Diet and Dietary Supplements Mitigate Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19?.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu14091909},
pmid = {35565876},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic and upheaval that health authorities and citizens around the globe are still grappling with to this day. While public health measures, vaccine development, and new therapeutics have made great strides in understanding and managing the pandemic, there has been an increasing focus on the potential roles of diet and supplementation in disease prevention and adjuvant treatment. In the literature, the impact of nutrition on other respiratory illnesses, including the common cold, pneumonia, and influenza, has been widely demonstrated in both animal and human models. However, there is much less research on the impact related to COVID-19. The present study discusses the potential uses of diets, vitamins, and supplements, including the Mediterranean diet, glutathione, zinc, and traditional Chinese medicine, in the prevention of infection and severe illness. The evidence demonstrating the efficacy of diet supplementation on infection risk, disease duration, severity, and recovery is mixed and inconsistent. More clinical trials are necessary in order to clearly demonstrate the contribution of nutrition and to guide potential therapeutic protocols.},
}
@article {pmid35565841,
year = {2022},
author = {Hibino, S and Hayashida, K},
title = {Modifiable Host Factors for the Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19: Diet and Lifestyle/Diet and Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of COVID-19.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu14091876},
pmid = {35565841},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {Many studies have shown that the immune system requires adequate nutrition to work at an optimal level. Not only do optimized nutritional strategies support the immune system, but they also reduce chronic inflammation. Nutritional supplements that are recommended for patients with critical illnesses are thought to also be effective for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in the intensive care unit. Some studies have recommended fresh fruits and vegetables, soy, nuts, and antioxidants, such as omega-3 fatty acids, to improve immune system activity. Although nutritional status is considered to be an important prognostic factor for patients with COVID-19, there is to date no sufficient evidence that optimal nutritional therapies can be beneficial for these patients. Some have argued that the COVID-19 pandemic is a good opportunity to test the effectiveness of nutritional intervention for infectious diseases. Many researchers have suggested that testing the proposed nutritional approaches for infectious diseases in the context of a pandemic would be highly informative. The authors of other review papers concluded that it is important to have a diet based on fresh foods, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy products, and healthy fats (i.e., olive oil and fish oil), and to limit the intake of sugary drinks as well as high-calorie and high-salt foods. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of functional food ingredients as complementary therapies potentially beneficial for the prevention or treatment of COVID-19. We believe that our review will be helpful to plan and deploy future studies to conclude these potentials against COVID-19, but also to new infectious diseases that may arise in the future.},
}
@article {pmid35565670,
year = {2022},
author = {Grot, M and Krupa-Kotara, K and Wypych-Ślusarska, A and Grajek, M and Białek-Dratwa, A},
title = {The Concept of Intrauterine Programming and the Development of the Neonatal Microbiome in the Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu14091702},
pmid = {35565670},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {The process of intrauterine programming is related to the quality of the microbiome formed in the fetus and the newborn. The implementation of probiotics, prebiotics, and psychobiotics shows immunomodulatory potential towards the organism, especially the microbiome of the pregnant woman and her child. Nutrigenomics, based on the observation of pregnant women and the developing fetus, makes it possible to estimate the biological effects of active dietary components on gene expression or silencing. Nutritional intervention for pregnant women should consider the nutritional status of the patient, biological markers, and the potential impact of dietary intervention on fetal physiology. The use of a holistic model of nutrition allows for appropriately targeted and effective dietary prophylaxis that can impact the physical and mental health of both the mother and the newborn. This model targets the regulation of the immune response of the pregnant woman and the newborn, considering the clinical state of the microbiota and the pathomechanism of the nervous system. Current scientific reports indicate the protective properties of immunobiotics (probiotics) about the reduction of the frequency of infections and the severity of the course of COVID-19 disease. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that intrauterine programming influences the development of the microbiome for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection based on a review of research studies.},
}
@article {pmid35565668,
year = {2022},
author = {D'Auria, E and Calcaterra, V and Verduci, E and Ghezzi, M and Lamberti, R and Vizzuso, S and Baldassarre, P and Pendezza, E and Perico, V and Bosetti, A and Zuccotti, GV},
title = {Immunonutrition and SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children with Obesity.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu14091701},
pmid = {35565668},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {Since the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been much discussion about the role of diet and antiviral immunity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Intake levels of vitamins D, C, B12, and iron have been demonstrated to be correlated with lower COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Obesity has been demonstrated to be an independent risk for the severity of COVID-19 infection in adults and also in children. This may be due to different mechanisms, mainly including the gut dysbiosis status observed in obese children. Moreover, the existence of a gut-lung axis added new knowledge to on the potential mechanisms by which diet and dietary substances may affect immune function. The aim of this narrative review is to address the intricate inter-relationship between COVID-19, immune function, and obesity-related inflammation and to describe the role of nutrients and dietary patterns in enhancing the immune system. Two ways to fight against COVID-19 disease exist: one with an antiviral response through immune system boosting and another with antioxidants with an anti-inflammatory effect. In the current pandemic situation, the intake of a varied and balanced diet, rich in micronutrients and bioactive compounds including fibers, should be recommended. However, clinical studies conducted on children affected by SARS-CoV-2 infection and comorbidity are warranted.},
}
@article {pmid35565407,
year = {2022},
author = {Chahin, M and Branham, Z and Fox, A and Leurinda, C and Keruakous, AR},
title = {Clinical Considerations for Immunoparesis in Multiple Myeloma.},
journal = {Cancers},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cancers14092278},
pmid = {35565407},
issn = {2072-6694},
abstract = {Multiple myeloma is a relatively common clonal plasma cell disorder, comprising 17% of hematologic malignancies. One of the hallmark features of this disease is immunoparesis, which is characterized by the suppression of immunoglobulin polyclonality. Though not entirely elucidated, the mechanism behind this process can be attributed to the changes in the tumor microenvironment. All treating clinicians must consider potential complications related to immunoparesis in the management of multiple myeloma. Though not explicitly described in large data series, the increased risk of infection in multiple myeloma is likely, at least in part, due to immunoglobulin suppression. Additionally, the presence of immunoparesis serves as a prognostic factor, conveying poorer survival and a higher risk of relapse. Even in the era of novel agents, these findings are preserved, and immunoglobulin recovery also serves as a sign of improved outcome following autologous HSCT. Though not within the diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma, the presence and degree of immunoparesis should be at diagnosis for prognostication, and immunoglobulin recovery should be tracked following myeloablative therapy and autologous HSCT.},
}
@article {pmid35565074,
year = {2022},
author = {Romagnoli, S and Sbrollini, A and Marcantoni, I and Morettini, M and Burattini, L},
title = {Review on Cardiorespiratory Complications after SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Young Adult Healthy Athletes.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095680},
pmid = {35565074},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {This review analyzes scientific data published in the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic with the aim to report the cardiorespiratory complications observed after SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adult healthy athletes. Fifteen studies were selected using PRISMA guidelines. A total of 4725 athletes (3438 males and 1287 females) practicing 19 sports categories were included in the study. Information about symptoms was released by 4379 (93%) athletes; of them, 1433 (33%) declared to be asymptomatic, whereas the remaining 2946 (67%) reported the occurrence of symptoms with mild (1315; 45%), moderate (821; 28%), severe (1; 0%) and unknown (809; 27%) severity. The most common symptoms were anosmia (33%), ageusia (32%) and headache (30%). Cardiac magnetic resonance identified the largest number of cardiorespiratory abnormalities (15.7%). Among the confirmed inflammations, myocarditis was the most common (0.5%). In conclusion, the low degree of symptom severity and the low rate of cardiac abnormalities suggest that the risk of significant cardiorespiratory involvement after SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adult athletes is likely low; however, the long-term physiologic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection are not established yet. Extensive cardiorespiratory screening seems excessive in most cases, and classical pre-participation cardiovascular screening may be sufficient.},
}
@article {pmid35565003,
year = {2022},
author = {Mazzuca, D and Borselli, M and Gratteri, S and Zampogna, G and Feola, A and Della Corte, M and Guarna, F and Scorcia, V and Giannaccare, G},
title = {Applications and Current Medico-Legal Challenges of Telemedicine in Ophthalmology.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095614},
pmid = {35565003},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The digital revolution is redesigning the healthcare model, and telemedicine offers a good example of the best cost-effectiveness ratio. The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed the use of the telemedicine. The aim of this review is to describe and discuss the role and the main applications of telemedicine in the ophthalmic clinical practice as well as the related medico-legal aspects.
METHODS: 45 original articles and 5 reviews focused on this topic and published in English language from 1997 and 2021 were searched on the online databases of Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Sciences and Embase, by using the following key words: "telemedicine", "privacy", "ophthalmology", "COVID-19" and "informed consent".
RESULTS: Telemedicine is able to guarantee patient care using information and communication technologies. Technology creates an opportunity to link doctors with the aim of assessing clinical cases and maintaining high standards of care while performing and saving time as well. Ophthalmology is one of the fields in which telemedicine is most commonly used for patient management.
CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine offers benefits to patients in terms of saving time and costs and avoiding physical contact; however, it is necessary to point out significant limitations such as the absence of physical examinations, the possibility of transmission failure and potential violations of privacy and confidentiality.},
}
@article {pmid35564940,
year = {2022},
author = {Martin-Moreno, JM and Alegre-Martinez, A and Martin-Gorgojo, V and Alfonso-Sanchez, JL and Torres, F and Pallares-Carratala, V},
title = {Predictive Models for Forecasting Public Health Scenarios: Practical Experiences Applied during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095546},
pmid = {35564940},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Background: Forecasting the behavior of epidemic outbreaks is vital in public health. This makes it possible to anticipate the planning and organization of the health system, as well as possible restrictive or preventive measures. During the COVID-19 pandemic, this need for prediction has been crucial. This paper attempts to characterize the alternative models that were applied in the first wave of this pandemic context, trying to shed light that could help to understand them for future practical applications. Methods: A systematic literature search was performed in standardized bibliographic repertoires, using keywords and Boolean operators to refine the findings, and selecting articles according to the main PRISMA 2020 statement recommendations. Results: After identifying models used throughout the first wave of this pandemic (between March and June 2020), we begin by examining standard data-driven epidemiological models, including studies applying models such as SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered), SQUIDER, SEIR, time-dependent SIR, and other alternatives. For data-driven methods, we identify experiences using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), evolutionary genetic programming machine learning, short-term memory (LSTM), and global epidemic and mobility models. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to intensive and evolving use of alternative infectious disease prediction models. At this point it is not easy to decide which prediction method is the best in a generic way. Moreover, although models such as the LSTM emerge as remarkably versatile and useful, the practical applicability of the alternatives depends on the specific context of the underlying variable and on the information of the target to be prioritized. In addition, the robustness of the assessment is conditioned by heterogeneity in the quality of information sources and differences in the characteristics of disease control interventions. Further comprehensive comparison of the performance of models in comparable situations, assessing their predictive validity, is needed. This will help determine the most reliable and practical methods for application in future outbreaks and eventual pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid35564937,
year = {2022},
author = {Jack, K and Evans, C and Bramley, L and Cooper, J and Keane, T and Cope, M and Hendron, E},
title = {Identifying and Understanding the Non-Clinical Impacts of Delayed or Cancelled Surgery in Order to Inform Prioritisation Processes: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095542},
pmid = {35564937},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant delays to non-urgent elective surgery. Decision making regarding prioritisation for surgery is currently informed primarily by clinical urgency. The ways in which decision making should also consider potential social and economic harm arising from surgical delay are currently unclear. This scoping review aimed to identify evidence related to (i) the nature and prevalence of social and economic harm experienced by patients associated with delayed surgery, and (ii) any patient assessment tools that could measure the extent of, or predict, such social and economic harm. A rapid scoping review was undertaken following JBI methodological guidance. The following databases were searched in October 2020: AMED; BNI; CINAHL; EMBASE; EMCARE; HMIC; Medline; PsychINFO, Cochrane, and the JBI. A total of 21 publications were included. The findings were categorised into five themes: (i) employment, (ii) social function and leisure, (iii) finances, (iv) patients' experiences of waiting, and (v) assessment tools that could inform decision making. The findings suggest that, for some patients, waiting for surgery can include significant social, economic, and emotional hardship. Few validated assessment tools exist. There is an urgent need for more research on patients' experiences of surgical delay in order to inform a more holistic process of prioritising people on surgical waiting lists in the COVID-19 pandemic recovery stages.},
}
@article {pmid35564795,
year = {2022},
author = {Córdova-Martínez, A and Caballero-García, A and Roche, E and Pérez-Valdecantos, D and Noriega, DC},
title = {Effects and Causes of Detraining in Athletes Due to COVID-19: A Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095400},
pmid = {35564795},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Several aspects of systemic alterations caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and the resultant COVID-19 disease have been currently explored in the general population. However, very little is known about these particular aspects in sportsmen and sportswomen. We believe that the most important element to take into account is the neuromuscular aspect, due to the implications that this system entails in motion execution and coordination. In this context, deficient neuromuscular control when performing dynamic actions can be an important risk factor for injury. Therefore, data in this review refer mainly to problems derived in the short term from athletes who have suffered this pathology, taking into account that COVID-19 is a very new disease and the presented data are still not conclusive. The review addresses two key aspects: performance alteration and the return to regular professional physical activity. COVID-19 causes metabolic-respiratory, muscular, cardiac, and neurological alterations that are accompanied by a situation of stress. All of these have a clear influence on performance but at the same time in the strategy of returning to optimal conditions to train and compete again after infection. From the clinical evidence, the resumption of physical training and sports activity should be carried out progressively, both in terms of time and intensity.},
}
@article {pmid35564784,
year = {2022},
author = {Hatta, MH and Sidi, H and Siew Koon, C and Che Roos, NA and Sharip, S and Abdul Samad, FD and Wan Xi, O and Das, S and Mohamed Saini, S},
title = {Virtual Reality (VR) Technology for Treatment of Mental Health Problems during COVID-19: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095389},
pmid = {35564784},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {There was a surge in psychological distress and emotional burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual reality (VR) is helpful as a psychological intervention whilst maintaining physical or social distancing. The present systematic review assessed the role of VR as a psychological intervention tool for mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a systematic review that followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This study used the search-related terms: (Virtual reality OR simulated-3D-environment OR VR) AND (covid! or corona!) AND (mental* OR psychologic* OR well* OR health*) AND (intervention) on six databases, i.e., MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Ovid Medline, EMBASE, ACM digital library, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from the inception date until 23 June 2021. We finally included four studies in the systematic review out of the 379 references imported for screening. These studies reveal that VR is beneficial as a psychological tool for intervention in individuals with mental health problems. Immersed in the telepresence, interacting in a 3-D format compared to a 2-D layout, having a sense of enjoyment and engagement, activating an affective-motivational state, "escaping" to a virtual from the real world are pivotal faucets of VR as a psychological tool for intervention.},
}
@article {pmid35564779,
year = {2022},
author = {Caini, S and Martinoli, C and La Vecchia, C and Raimondi, S and Bellerba, F and D'Ecclesiis, O and Sasso, C and Basso, A and Cammarata, G and Gandini, S},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Circulation in the School Setting: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095384},
pmid = {35564779},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {No 101046016 and Fondazione Invernizzi and Fondazione CARIPLO, Chance Project//European Union´s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement/ ; },
abstract = {The contribution of children to viral spread in schools is still debated. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to investigate SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the school setting. Literature searches on 15 May 2021 yielded a total of 1088 publications, including screening, contact tracing, and seroprevalence studies. MOOSE guidelines were followed, and data were analyzed using random-effects models. From screening studies involving more than 120,000 subjects, we estimated 0.31% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05-0.81) SARS-CoV-2 point prevalence in schools. Contact tracing studies, involving a total of 112,622 contacts of children and adults, showed that onward viral transmission was limited (2.54%, 95% CI 0.76-5.31). Young index cases were found to be 74% significantly less likely than adults to favor viral spread (odds ratio (OR) 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.63) and less susceptible to infection (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.25-1.47). Lastly, from seroprevalence studies, with a total of 17,879 subjects involved, we estimated that children were 43% significantly less likely than adults to test positive for antibodies (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.49-0.68). These findings may not applied to the Omicron phase, we further planned a randomized controlled trial to verify these results.},
}
@article {pmid35564714,
year = {2022},
author = {Clemente-Suárez, VJ and Navarro-Jiménez, E and Simón-Sanjurjo, JA and Beltran-Velasco, AI and Laborde-Cárdenas, CC and Benitez-Agudelo, JC and Bustamante-Sánchez, Á and Tornero-Aguilera, JF},
title = {Mis-Dis Information in COVID-19 Health Crisis: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095321},
pmid = {35564714},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In this narrative review, we address the COVID-19 pandemic mis-dis information crisis in which healthcare systems have been pushed to their limits, with collapses occurring worldwide. The context of uncertainty has resulted in skepticism, confusion, and general malaise among the population. Informing the public has been one of the major challenges during this pandemic. Misinformation is defined as false information shared by people who have no intention of misleading others. Disinformation is defined as false information deliberately created and disseminated with malicious intentions.
OBJECTIVE: To reach a consensus and critical review about mis-dis information in COVID-19 crisis.
METHODS: A database search was conducted in PsychINFO, MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase and CinAhl. Databases used the MeSH-compliant keywords of COVID-19, 2019-nCoV, Coronavirus 2019, SARS-CoV-2, misinformation, disinformation, information, vaccines, vaccination, origin, target, spread, communication.
RESULTS: Both misinformation and disinformation can affect the population's confidence in vaccines (development, safety, and efficacy of vaccines, as well as denial of the severity of SARS-CoV infection). Institutions should take into account that a great part of the success of the intervention to combat a pandemic has a relationship with the power to stop the misinformation and disinformation processes. The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced by the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working or not working in the health care systems to boost the power of the message.
CONCLUSIONS: The response should be well-structured and addressed from different key points: central level and community level, with official and clearly centralized communication channels. The approach should be multifactorial and enhanced from the collaboration of social media companies to stop misleading information, and trustworthy people both working and not working in the health care systems to boost the power of a message based on scientific evidence.},
}
@article {pmid35564672,
year = {2022},
author = {Mintziori, G and Duntas, LH and Veneti, S and Goulis, DG},
title = {Metabolic, Oxidative and Psychological Stress as Mediators of the Effect of COVID-19 on Male Infertility: A Literature Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095277},
pmid = {35564672},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {The implementation of postdoctoral research/work is co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund) through the Operational Program "Human Resources Development, Education and Lifelong Learning", in the framework of the Act "Support of//State Scholarships Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Over 300 million patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide since the outbreak of the pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. COVID-19 is induced by the acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the male reproductive system is unclear. The aim of this review is to assess the effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male fertility and the impact of possible mediators, such as metabolic, oxidative and psychological stress. SARS-CoV-2 infection aggravates metabolic stress and directly or indirectly affects male fertility by reducing seminal health. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased psychological distress. These data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection reduces male fertility, possibly by means of metabolic, oxidative and psychological stress. Therefore, among other consequences, the possibility of COVID-19-induced male infertility should not be neglected.},
}
@article {pmid35564652,
year = {2022},
author = {Cuenca-Martínez, F and Calatayud, J and Suso-Martí, L and Varangot-Reille, C and Herranz-Gómez, A and Blanco-Díaz, M and Casaña, J},
title = {Behavior Modification Techniques on Patients with Chronic Pain in the Context of COVID-19 Telerehabilitation: An Umbrella Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095260},
pmid = {35564652},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The aim of this systematic review (SR) of SRs was to assess the effectiveness of telerehabilitation based on behavior modification techniques (t-BMT) in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. We searched in PubMed, PEDro, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar (January 2022). The outcome measures were pain intensity, disability, psychological distress, pain-related fear of movement, disease impact, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and physical function. This review was previously registered on the international prospective register of systematic reviews PROSPERO (CRD42021262192). Methodological quality was analyzed using the AMSTAR and ROBIS scales, and the strength of evidence was established according to the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee grading criteria. Four SRs with and without meta-analyses covering 25 trials and involving 4593 patients were included. Of the three SRs that assessed pain intensity, two reported a significant decrease compared to usual care. Contradictory results were also found in the management of psychological distress, and of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, two reviews found that t-BMT has significant effects on disability, and one review found that t-BMT seems to be effective for improving pain-related fear of movement and disease impact. Finally, one review found that t-BMT does not seem to be an effective modality to improve physical function. The quality of evidence was limited for all outcomes assessed. The results obtained showed that t-BMT was effective in improving disability, disease impact, and pain-related fear of movement, but it was not effective in improving physical function in patients with chronic pain. Mixed evidence was found for pain intensity, psychological distress, and depressive and anxiety symptoms, with a limited quality of evidence.},
}
@article {pmid35564647,
year = {2022},
author = {Bakaloudi, DR and Evripidou, K and Jayawardena, R and Breda, J and Dardavessis, T and Poulia, KA and Chourdakis, M},
title = {The Impact of Lockdowns on Caffeine Consumption: A Systematic Review of the Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095255},
pmid = {35564647},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been characterized by the World Health Organization as a pandemic in March 2020 and the lockdown measures that were implemented in an effort to limit the transmission of the virus affected the daily life of many people in all over the world. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the changes during/after the lockdowns in caffeine consumption by coffee and energy drinks. A systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science) up to 31 December 2021 and out of 19,511 studies found and 12,885 screened, 16 studies were included according to eligibility criteria. Results regarding coffee consumption showed that a significant part of individuals decreased their consumption and in five studies an increase was reported, including women and seniors >60 years old. Energy drinks were also consumed less during the lockdown compared to the pre-lockdown time. Attention should be given for menopausal women where an increase in coffee consumption was found which could impair bone density, but further research is needed in order to make safe conclusions.},
}
@article {pmid35564579,
year = {2022},
author = {Fugazzaro, S and Contri, A and Esseroukh, O and Kaleci, S and Croci, S and Massari, M and Facciolongo, NC and Besutti, G and Iori, M and Salvarani, C and Costi, S and , },
title = {Rehabilitation Interventions for Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095185},
pmid = {35564579},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {COVID-2020-12371808//Ministero della Salute/ ; },
abstract = {Increasing numbers of individuals suffer from post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS), which manifests with persistent symptoms, the most prevalent being dyspnea, fatigue, and musculoskeletal, cognitive, and/or mental health impairments. This systematic review investigated the effectiveness of rehabilitation interventions for individuals with PACS. We searched the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, CINHAL, Scopus, Prospero, and PEDro databases and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) up to November 2021. We screened 516 citations for eligibility, i.e., trials that included individuals with PACS exposed to exercise-based rehabilitation interventions. Five RCTs were included, accounting for 512 participants (aged 49.2-69.4 years, 65% males). Based on the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2.0), two RCTs had "low risk of bias", and three were in the "some concerns" category. Three RCTs compared experimental rehabilitation interventions with no or minimal rehabilitation, while two compared two active rehabilitation interventions. Rehabilitation seemed to improve dyspnea, anxiety, and kinesiophobia. Results on pulmonary function were inconsistent, while improvements were detected in muscle strength, walking capacity, sit-to-stand performance, and quality of life. Pending further studies based on qualitatively sound designs, these first findings seem to advocate for rehabilitation interventions to lessen disability due to PACS.},
}
@article {pmid35564538,
year = {2022},
author = {Carvalho, S and Coelho, CG and Kluwe-Schiavon, B and Magalhães, J and Leite, J},
title = {The Acute Impact of the Early Stages of COVID-19 Pandemic in People with Pre-Existing Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095140},
pmid = {35564538},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {PTDC/PSI-ESP/29701/2017//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; PTDC/PSI-ESP/30280/2017//Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {People with pre-pandemic health conditions are more vulnerable and more likely to suffer greater psychosocial impact due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and the lockdown measures. Thus, the objective of this work was to systematically review the impact of the early stages COVID-19 pandemic on people with pre-existing psychiatric disorders. The search was performed between 23 January and 2 September 2021 in PubMed, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. A total of 4167 published results were identified; however, only 49 were included in this review. Results show that there was considerable heterogeneity among studies, which resulted in a low consensus. However, it seems that the impact of the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic on psychiatric disorders was two-fold: (1) an overall effect, in which people suffering from psychiatric disorders in general experienced more psychological distress and anxiety when compared to people who had no psychiatric diagnosis, and (2) a condition-specific effect, namely in people suffering from eating disorders and obsessive compulsive disorders. Moreover, the current work highlights that there were also some external factors that were related to worsening symptoms. For instance, unemployment or experiencing work and financial difficulties can be a trigger for greater distress during the pandemic for people with mood disorders, and being alone and in social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic may actually increase substance use and relapse rates. Further studies are needed to prospectively investigate the long-term effects of the current COVID-19 pandemic on people with (pre)-existing psychiatric conditions and on the onset or deterioration of psychiatric-related symptoms in a larger number of participants, as well as exploring the long-term effects of the current pandemic on mental health.},
}
@article {pmid35564494,
year = {2022},
author = {Nittari, G and Savva, D and Tomassoni, D and Tayebati, SK and Amenta, F},
title = {Telemedicine in the COVID-19 Era: A Narrative Review Based on Current Evidence.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095101},
pmid = {35564494},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {During the recent COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare providers have been encouraged to increase their use of telemedicine and to adopt telemedicine platforms for the majority of their clients who have chronic illnesses. Due to the outbreak itself, almost all countries worldwide were placed under emergency lockdowns. In this paper, we reviewed the literature regarding the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequentially, we identified the adoption of telemedicine in various countries worldwide and evaluated their future steps in order to increase the adoption of e-health technologies. As a result of COVID-19, the e-health agenda, especially telemedicine, has been accelerated in several countries. COVID-19 is affecting individuals' daily lives and has created major difficulties in the management of healthcare facilities for both infected and non-infected patients. A large portion of the rapid increase in the use of telemedicine can be attributed to evidence from previous pandemics as well as progress made by the field in response to COVID-19, especially in industrialized countries. A lack of effective treatment, large numbers of unvaccinated individuals, as well as social distancing and lockdown measures suggest telemedicine is the safest and most appropriate way of working with patients and doctors. In spite of this willingness, a large number of barriers need to be overcome in order for the telemedicine system to function properly and effectively throughout countries. In order for telemedicine to be sustainable and beneficial beyond the pandemic, several technical, educational, infrastructure, legal, and economic issues must be addressed and solved.},
}
@article {pmid35564493,
year = {2022},
author = {Saleem, F and Al-Ghamdi, ASA and Alassafi, MO and AlGhamdi, SA},
title = {Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Mathematical Models to Analyze Forecasting and Epidemiology of COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19095099},
pmid = {35564493},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {GCV19-7-1441//King Abdulaziz University/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and has been declared a worldwide pandemic by the World Health Organization due to its rapid spread. Since the first case was identified in Wuhan, China, the battle against this deadly disease started and has disrupted almost every field of life. Medical staff and laboratories are leading from the front, but researchers from various fields and governmental agencies have also proposed healthy ideas to protect each other. In this article, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) is presented to highlight the latest developments in analyzing the COVID-19 data using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The number of studies related to Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), and mathematical models discussed in this research has shown a significant impact on forecasting and the spread of COVID-19. The results and discussion presented in this study are based on the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. Out of 218 articles selected at the first stage, 57 met the criteria and were included in the review process. The findings are therefore associated with those 57 studies, which recorded that CNN (DL) and SVM (ML) are the most used algorithms for forecasting, classification, and automatic detection. The importance of the compartmental models discussed is that the models are useful for measuring the epidemiological features of COVID-19. Current findings suggest that it will take around 1.7 to 140 days for the epidemic to double in size based on the selected studies. The 12 estimates for the basic reproduction range from 0 to 7.1. The main purpose of this research is to illustrate the use of ML, DL, and mathematical models that can be helpful for the researchers to generate valuable solutions for higher authorities and the healthcare industry to reduce the impact of this epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid35564372,
year = {2022},
author = {Carmassi, C and Pacciardi, B and Gravina, D and Fantasia, S and De Pascale, G and Cutuli, SL and Bertelloni, CA and Dell'Osso, L},
title = {Pharmacological Treatment of Acute Psychiatric Symptoms in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and a Case Series.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19094978},
pmid = {35564372},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Delirium and psychomotor agitation are relevant clinical conditions that may develop during COVID-19 infection, especially in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. The psychopharmacological management of these conditions is receiving increasing interest in psychiatry, considering hyperkinetic delirium as one of the most common neuropsychiatries acute consequences in COVID-19 recovery patients. However, there are no actual internationally validated guidelines about this topic, due to the relatively newly introduced clinical condition; in addition, a standardized psychopharmacologic treatment of these cases is a complex goal to achieve due to the risk of both drug-drug interactions and the vulnerable conditions of those patients. The aim of this systematic review and case series is to evaluate and gather the scientific evidence on pharmacologic handling during delirium in COVID-19 patients to provide practical recommendations on the optimal management of psychotropic medication in these kinds of patients. The electronic databases PubMed, Embase and Web of Science were reviewed to identify studies, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. At the end of the selection process, a total of 21 studies (n = 2063) were included. We also collected a case series of acute psychomotor agitation in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in ICU. Our results showed how the symptom-based choice of the psychotropic medication is crucial, and even most of the psychotropic drug classes showed good safety, one must not underestimate the possible drug interactions and also the possible decrease in vital functions which need to be strictly monitored especially during treatment with some kinds of molecules. We believe that the evidence-based recommendations highlighted in the present research will enhance the current knowledge and could provide better management of these patients.},
}
@article {pmid35564366,
year = {2022},
author = {Wolf, TG and de Col, L and Banihashem Rad, SA and Castiglia, P and Arghittu, A and Cannavale, M and Campus, G},
title = {How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Risk Awareness in Dentists: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19094971},
pmid = {35564366},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Dentists are on the frontline of infection, especially when it comes to respiratory viruses like the new coronavirus. The purpose of this paper is to conduct a scoping review to better understand dentists' risk awareness, awareness of COVID-19 symptoms, preventive measures, and effective methods of COVID-19 infection prevention and management. This paper systematically assesses the published literature on dentistry and COVID-19. Various electronic databases including Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and MEDLINE via PubMed were searched up to 9 September 2021. Overall, 39 papers were included. Almost the entirety of dentists (94.5%) reported awareness of the three most common COVID-19 symptoms, and a risk awareness score of about 90% was shown, while 88.2% of dentists reported adopting preventive measures. More than 50% did not want to treat infected people. While 70.3% of dentists recommended usage of N95 masks, the rate of dentists using them was below 40%. Sufficient awareness of risks during the pandemic was found in dentists. Although they were using preventive measures, there remains upside potential for adopting all recommended measures. Further, the usage of N95 masks is improvable, even though the benefit of wearing them could not be confirmed.},
}
@article {pmid35564324,
year = {2022},
author = {Okoro, C and Owojori, OM and Umeokafor, N},
title = {The Developmental Trajectory of a Decade of Research on Mental Health and Well-Being amongst Graduate Students: A Bibliometric Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph19094929},
pmid = {35564324},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The journey of graduate students through academia can be a difficult road plagued with several roadblocks due to several intersectional factors. These difficulties often impact the students' mental health with severe consequences on their well-being and personal and academic achievements. There is a critical need for researchers to conduct studies in response to the positive mental well-being for this group of trainees, considering their peculiar role in the scholarly environment. This study aimed to explore the scientific research on the health and well-being of graduate students; typify the scientific landscape and development trajectory, cooperation networks, and fundamental research areas; and identify areas of needed research in this field. A bibliometric analysis of articles indexed in Scopus and published in the past decade (2012 to 2021) was undertaken. The results revealed that the research on graduate students' mental health and well-being has increased over the years, significantly in the past two years, probably owing to the incidence of the COVID-19 pandemic and concerns around remote learning. The highest number of publications was from the United Kingdom (U.K.) and United States (U.S.), while the organizational affiliations were mainly from universities. The most prominent source type of publications was journal articles. The result also shows a weak collaboration across countries and organizations. The study identifies other areas of useful research, collaboration, intervention strategies, and policy review.},
}
@article {pmid35564311,
year = {2022},
author = {Kianpour, M and Akbarian, M and Uversky, VN},
title = {Nanoparticles for Coronavirus Control.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nano12091602},
pmid = {35564311},
issn = {2079-4991},
abstract = {More than 2 years have passed since the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak began, and many challenges that existed at the beginning of this pandemic have been solved. Some countries have been able to overcome this global challenge by relying on vaccines against the virus, and vaccination has begun in many countries. Many of the proposed vaccines have nanoparticles as carriers, and there are different nano-based diagnostic approaches for rapid detection of the virus. In this review article, we briefly examine the biology of SARS-CoV-2, including the structure of the virus and what makes it pathogenic, as well as describe biotechnological methods of vaccine production, and types of the available and published nano-based ideas for overcoming the virus pandemic. Among these issues, various physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles are discussed to evaluate the optimal conditions for the production of the nano-mediated vaccines. At the end, challenges facing the international community and biotechnological answers for future viral attacks are reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid35564242,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhou, Y and Ren, M and Zhang, P and Jiang, D and Yao, X and Luo, Y and Yang, Z and Wang, Y},
title = {Application of Nanopore Sequencing in the Detection of Foodborne Microorganisms.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nano12091534},
pmid = {35564242},
issn = {2079-4991},
support = {2021ZDZX0010//the Sichuan Science and Technology Program/ ; },
abstract = {Foodborne pathogens have become the subject of intense interest because of their high incidence and mortality worldwide. In the past few decades, people have developed many methods to solve this challenge. At present, methods such as traditional microbial culture methods, nucleic acid or protein-based pathogen detection methods, and whole-genome analysis are widely used in the detection of pathogenic microorganisms in food. However, these methods are limited by time-consuming, cumbersome operations or high costs. The development of nanopore sequencing technology offers the possibility to address these shortcomings. Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation technology, has the advantages of simple operation, high sensitivity, real-time sequencing, and low turnaround time. It can be widely used in the rapid detection and serotyping of foodborne pathogens. This review article discusses foodborne diseases, the principle of nanopore sequencing technology, the application of nanopore sequencing technology in foodborne pathogens detection, as well as its development prospects.},
}
@article {pmid35564239,
year = {2022},
author = {Goyal, R and Bala, R and Sindhu, RK and Zehravi, M and Madaan, R and Ramproshad, S and Mondal, B and Dey, A and Rahman, MH and Cavalu, S},
title = {Bioactive Based Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Viral Infections and SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nano12091530},
pmid = {35564239},
issn = {2079-4991},
abstract = {Since ancient times, plants have been used for their medicinal properties. They provide us with many phytomolecules, which serve a synergistic function for human well-being. Along with anti-microbial, plants also possess anti-viral activities. In Western nations, about 50% of medicines were extracted from plants or their constituents. The spread and pandemic of viral diseases are becoming a major threat to public health and a burden on the financial prosperity of communities worldwide. In recent years, SARS-CoV-2 has made a dramatic lifestyle change. This has promoted scientists not to use synthetic anti-virals, such as protease inhibitors, nucleic acid analogs, and other anti-virals, but to study less toxic anti-viral phytomolecules. An emerging approach includes searching for eco-friendly therapeutic molecules to develop phytopharmaceuticals. This article briefly discusses numerous bioactive molecules that possess anti-viral properties, their mode of action, and possible applications in treating viral diseases, with a special focus on coronavirus and various nano-formulations used as a carrier for the delivery of phytoconstituents for improved bioavailability.},
}
@article {pmid35564165,
year = {2022},
author = {Ardekani, LS and Thulstrup, PW},
title = {Gold Nanoparticle-Mediated Lateral Flow Assays for Detection of Host Antibodies and COVID-19 Proteins.},
journal = {Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nano12091456},
pmid = {35564165},
issn = {2079-4991},
abstract = {Coronaviruses, that are now well-known to the public, include a family of viruses that can cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and other respiratory diseases, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the seventh member of this coronavirus family, was detected in 2019 and can cause a number of respiratory symptoms, from dry cough and fever to fatal viral pneumonia. Various diagnostic assays ranging from real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to point-of-care medical diagnostic systems have been developed for detection of viral components or antibodies targeting the virus. Point-of-care assays allow rapid diagnostic assessment of infectious patients. Such assays are ideally simple, low-cost, portable tests with the possibility for on-site field detection that do not require skilled staff, sophisticated equipment, or sample pretreatment, as compared to RT-PCR. Since early 2021 when new SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern increased, rapid tests became more crucial in the disease management cycle. Among rapid tests, gold nanoparticle (GNP)-based lateral flow assays (LFAs) have high capacity for performing at the bedside, paving the way to easy access to diagnosis results. In this review, GNP-based LFAs used for either COVID-19 proteins or human response antibodies are summarized and recommendations for their improvement have been suggested.},
}
@article {pmid35563874,
year = {2022},
author = {Mashaqi, S and Kallamadi, R and Matta, A and Quan, SF and Patel, SI and Combs, D and Estep, L and Lee-Iannotti, J and Smith, C and Parthasarathy, S and Gozal, D},
title = {Obstructive Sleep Apnea as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Severity-The Gut Microbiome as a Common Player Mediating Systemic Inflammation via Gut Barrier Dysfunction.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells11091569},
pmid = {35563874},
issn = {2073-4409},
abstract = {The novel corona virus that is now known as (SARS-CoV-2) has killed more than six million people worldwide. The disease presentation varies from mild respiratory symptoms to acute respiratory distress syndrome and ultimately death. Several risk factors have been shown to worsen the severity of COVID-19 outcomes (such as age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and obesity). Since many of these risk factors are known to be influenced by obstructive sleep apnea, this raises the possibility that OSA might be an independent risk factor for COVID-19 severity. A shift in the gut microbiota has been proposed to contribute to outcomes in both COVID-19 and OSA. To further evaluate the potential triangular interrelationships between these three elements, we conducted a thorough literature review attempting to elucidate these interactions. From this review, it is concluded that OSA may be a risk factor for worse COVID-19 clinical outcomes, and the shifts in gut microbiota associated with both COVID-19 and OSA may mediate processes leading to bacterial translocation via a defective gut barrier which can then foster systemic inflammation. Thus, targeting biomarkers of intestinal tight junction dysfunction in conjunction with restoring gut dysbiosis may provide novel avenues for both risk detection and adjuvant therapy.},
}
@article {pmid35563764,
year = {2022},
author = {Wielgat, P and Narejko, K and Car, H},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Attacks in the Brain: Focus on the Sialome.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {11},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells11091458},
pmid = {35563764},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {SUB/1/DN/22/002/1166//Medical University of Białystok/ ; },
abstract = {The epidemiological observations suggest that respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are accompanied by short- and long-term neurological manifestations. There is increasing evidence that the neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV-2 is closely related to its capacity to interact with cell membrane sialome. Given the wide expression of sialylated compounds of cell membranes in the brain, the interplay between cell membrane sialoglycans and the virus is crucial for its attachment and cell entry, transport, neuronal damage and brain immunity. Here, we focus on the significance of the brain sialome in the progress of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and SARS-CoV-2-induced neuropathology.},
}
@article {pmid35563673,
year = {2022},
author = {Gudowska-Sawczuk, M and Mroczko, B},
title = {The Role of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) in Development and Treatment of COVID-19: Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23095283},
pmid = {35563673},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), a disease that has affected more than 500 million people worldwide since the end of 2019. Due to its high complications and death rates, there is still a need to find the best therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The dysregulation of the inflammatory response in COVID-19 plays a very important role in disease progression. It has been observed that abnormal activity of Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) is directly associated with, inter alia, increased synthesis of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, this review paper focuses on the functions of NF-κB in the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection and potential application of NF-κB inhibitors in COVID-19 immunotherapy. A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE/PubMed database. In the current review, it is highlighted that NF-κB plays important functions in the modulation of an adaptive inflammatory response, including inducing the expression of proinflammatory genes. Increased activation of NF-κB in SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed. The association between NF-κB activation and the expression of SARS-CoV-2 structural and non-structural proteins were also reported. It was observed that modulation of NF-κB using, e.g., traditional Chinese medicine or glucocorticosteroids resulted in decreased synthesis of proinflammatory factors caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarizes the role of NF-κB in COVID-19 and describes its potential immunotherapeutic target in treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, indisputably more studies involving patients with a severe course of COVID-19 are sorely needed.},
}
@article {pmid35563611,
year = {2022},
author = {Kitchen, LC and Berman, M and Halper, J and Chazot, P},
title = {Rationale for 1068 nm Photobiomodulation Therapy (PBMT) as a Novel, Non-Invasive Treatment for COVID-19 and Other Coronaviruses: Roles of NO and Hsp70.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23095221},
pmid = {35563611},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Researchers from across the world are seeking to develop effective treatments for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which arose as a major public health issue in 2019, and was declared a pandemic in early 2020. The pro-inflammatory cytokine storm, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiple-organ failure, neurological problems, and thrombosis have all been linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) fatalities. The purpose of this review is to explore the rationale for using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) of the particular wavelength 1068 nm as a therapy for COVID-19, investigating the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Our findings illustrate the efficacy of PBMT 1068 nm for cytoprotection, nitric oxide (NO) release, inflammation changes, improved blood flow, and the regulation of heat shock proteins (Hsp70). We propose, therefore, that PBMT 1068 is a potentially effective and innovative approach for avoiding severe and critical illness in COVID-19 patients, although further clinical evidence is required.},
}
@article {pmid35563537,
year = {2022},
author = {Sánchez, KE and Rosenberg, GA},
title = {Shared Inflammatory Pathology of Stroke and COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23095150},
pmid = {35563537},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {UH3 NS100598/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; UF1 NS100598/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Though COVID-19 is primarily characterized by symptoms in the periphery, it can also affect the central nervous system (CNS). This has been established by the association between stroke and COVID-19. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause stroke related to a COVID-19 infection have not been fully explored. More specifically, stroke and COVID-19 exhibit an overlap of molecular mechanisms. These similarities provide a way to better understand COVID-19 related stroke. We propose here that peripheral macrophages upregulate inflammatory proteins such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. These inflammatory molecules and the SARS-CoV-2 virus have multiple negative effects related to endothelial dysfunction that results in the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Finally, we discuss how the endothelial blood-brain barrier injury alters central nervous system function by leading to astrocyte dysfunction and inflammasome activation. Our goal is to elucidate such inflammatory pathways, which could provide insight into therapies to combat the negative neurological effects of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35563337,
year = {2022},
author = {Serrano, M and Espinosa, G and Serrano, A and Cervera, R},
title = {Antigens and Antibodies of the Antiphospholipid Syndrome as New Allies in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Coagulopathy.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094946},
pmid = {35563337},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {P177122021//Fundación Mutua Madrileña/ ; },
abstract = {High prevalence of both criteria and extra-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) has been reported in COVID-19 patients. However, the differences in aPL prevalence decreased when an age-matched control group was included. The association of aPL with thrombotic events in COVID-19 is very heterogeneous. This could be influenced by the fact that most of the studies carried out were conducted on small populations enriched with elderly patients in which aPL was measured only at a single point and they were performed with non-standardized assays. The few studies that confirmed aPL in a second measurement showed that aPL levels hardly changed, with the exception of the lupus anticoagulant that commonly reduced. COVID-19 coagulopathy is an aPL-independent phenomenon closely associated with the onset of the disease. Thrombosis occurs later in patients with aPL presence, which is likely an additional prothrombotic factor. B2-glycoprotein deficiency (mainly aPL antigen caused both by low production and consumption) is very common during the SARS-CoV2 infection and has been associated with a greater predisposition to COVID-19 complications. This could be a new prothrombotic mechanism that may be caused by the blockage of its physiological functions, the anticoagulant state being the most important.},
}
@article {pmid35563242,
year = {2022},
author = {Teschke, R and Méndez-Sánchez, N and Eickhoff, A},
title = {Liver Injury in COVID-19 Patients with Drugs as Causatives: A Systematic Review of 996 DILI Cases Published 2020/2021 Based on RUCAM as Causality Assessment Method.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094828},
pmid = {35563242},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) commonly show abnormalities of liver tests (LTs) of undetermined cause. Considering drugs as tentative culprits, the current systematic review searched for published COVID-19 cases with suspected drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and established diagnosis using the diagnostic algorithm of RUCAM (Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method). Data worldwide on DILI cases assessed by RUCAM in COVID-19 patients were sparse. A total of 6/200 reports with initially suspected 996 DILI cases in COVID-19 patients and using all RUCAM-based DILI cases allowed for a clear description of clinical features of RUCAM-based DILI cases among COVID-19 patients: (1) The updated RUCAM published in 2016 was equally often used as the original RUCAM of 1993, with both identifying DILI and other liver diseases as confounders; (2) RUCAM also worked well in patients treated with up to 18 drugs and provided for most DILI cases a probable or highly probable causality level for drugs; (3) DILI was preferentially caused by antiviral drugs given empirically due to their known therapeutic efficacy in other virus infections; (4) hepatocellular injury was more often reported than cholestatic or mixed injury; (5) maximum LT values were found for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 1.541 U/L and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 1.076 U/L; (6) the ALT/AST ratio was variable and ranged from 0.4 to 1.4; (7) the mean or median age of the COVID-19 patients with DILI ranged from 54.3 to 56 years; (8) the ratio of males to females was 1.8-3.4:1; (9) outcome was favorable for most patients, likely due to careful selection of the drugs and quick cessation of drug treatment with emerging DILI, but it was fatal in 19 patients; (10) countries reporting RUCAM-based DILI cases in COVID-19 patients included China, India, Japan, Montenegro, and Spain; (11) robust estimation of the percentage contribution of RUCAM-based DILI for the increased LTs in COVID-19 patients is outside of the current scope. In conclusion, RUCAM-based DILI with its clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients and its classification as a confounding variable is now well defined, requiring a new correct description of COVID-19 features by removing DILI characteristics as confounders.},
}
@article {pmid35563199,
year = {2022},
author = {Majeed, M and Nagabhushanam, K and Prakasan, P and Mundkur, L},
title = {Can Selenium Reduce the Susceptibility and Severity of SARS-CoV-2?-A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094809},
pmid = {35563199},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 infection is a highly contagious viral infection, which has claimed millions of lives in the last two years. The infection can cause acute respiratory distress, myocarditis, and systemic inflammatory response in severe cases. The interaction of the viral spike protein with the angiotensin-converting enzyme in various tissues causes damage to vital organs and tissues, leading to complications in the post-infection period. Vaccines and antiviral drugs have improved patient response to the infection, but the long-term effect on vital organs is still unknown. Investigations are now focused on supportive nutrient therapies, which can mitigate the susceptibility as well as the long-term complications of COVID-19. Selenium is one such micronutrient that plays a vital role in preventing oxidative stress induced by the virus. Further, selenium is important for effective immune response, controlling systemic inflammation, and maintain overall health of humans. We examine the role of selenium in various aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and address the importance of selenium supplementation in reducing the susceptibility and severity of infection in this review.},
}
@article {pmid35563012,
year = {2022},
author = {Cao, S and Tang, X and Chen, T and Chen, G},
title = {Types and Applications of Nicking Enzyme-Combined Isothermal Amplification.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094620},
pmid = {35563012},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {81873539//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82070518//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; YJG-SCMC2021-3//Training Program of Shanghai Children's Medical Center/ ; 21CGA16//"Chenguang Program" supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education Commission/ ; 22YF1426600//Shanghai Sailing Program/ ; },
abstract = {Due to the sudden outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of 2019, rapid detection has become an urgent need for community clinics and hospitals. The rapid development of isothermal amplification detection technology for nucleic acids in the field of molecular diagnostic point-of-care testing (POCT) has gained a great deal of attention in recent years. Thanks to intensive research on nicking enzymes, nicking enzyme-combined isothermal amplification has become a promising platform for rapid detection. This is a novel technique that uses nicking enzymes to improve ordinary isothermal amplification. It has garnered significant interest as it overcomes the complexity of traditional molecular diagnostics and is not subject to temperature limitations, relying on cleavage enzymes to efficiently amplify targets in a very short time to provide a high level of amplification efficiency. In recent years, several types of nicking enzyme-combined isothermal amplification have been developed and they have shown great potential in molecular diagnosis, immunodiagnosis, biochemical identification, and other fields. However, this kind of amplification has some disadvantages. In this review, the principles, advantages and disadvantages, and applications of several nicking enzyme-combined isothermal amplification techniques are reviewed and the prospects for the development of these techniques are also considered.},
}
@article {pmid35562969,
year = {2022},
author = {Hong, Y and Lin, Z and Yang, Y and Jiang, T and Shang, J and Luo, Z},
title = {Biocompatible Conductive Hydrogels: Applications in the Field of Biomedicine.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094578},
pmid = {35562969},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {ZK19-33//the Research Project Funding of National University of Defense Technology of China/ ; 48127//the National Postdoctoral International Exchange Program Funding for Incoming Postdoctoral Students/ ; 2020RC2036//the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province/ ; 52105039//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 52175069//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The impact of COVID-19 has rendered medical technology an important factor to maintain social stability and economic increase, where biomedicine has experienced rapid development and played a crucial part in fighting off the pandemic. Conductive hydrogels (CHs) are three-dimensional (3D) structured gels with excellent electrical conductivity and biocompatibility, which are very suitable for biomedical applications. CHs can mimic innate tissue's physical, chemical, and biological properties, which allows them to provide environmental conditions and structural stability for cell growth and serve as efficient delivery substrates for bioactive molecules. The customizability of CHs also allows additional functionality to be designed for different requirements in biomedical applications. This review introduces the basic functional characteristics and materials for preparing CHs and elaborates on their synthetic techniques. The development and applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine are highlighted, including regenerative medicine, artificial organs, biosensors, drug delivery systems, and some other application scenarios. Finally, this review discusses the future applications of CHs in the field of biomedicine. In summary, the current design and development of CHs extend their prospects for functioning as an intelligent and complex system in diverse biomedical applications.},
}
@article {pmid35562967,
year = {2022},
author = {Cesar-Silva, D and Pereira-Dutra, FS and Moraes Giannini, AL and Jacques G de Almeida, C},
title = {The Endolysosomal System: The Acid Test for SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094576},
pmid = {35562967},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {VPPCB-005-FIO-20-2-19//Inova Program/FIOCRUZ/ ; E-26/010.001244/2016//Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Rio de Janeiro - FAPERJ/ ; 401700/2020-8//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {This review aims to describe and discuss the different functions of the endolysosomal system, from homeostasis to its vital role during viral infections. We will initially describe endolysosomal system's main functions, presenting recent data on how its compartments are essential for host defense to explore later how SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) and other coronaviruses subvert these organelles for their benefit. It is clear that to succeed, pathogens' evolution favored the establishment of ways to avoid, escape, or manipulate lysosomal function. The unavoidable coexistence with such an unfriendly milieu imposed on viruses the establishment of a vast array of strategies to make the most out of the invaded cell's machinery to produce new viruses and maneuvers to escape the host's defense system.},
}
@article {pmid35562935,
year = {2022},
author = {Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, P and Majchrzak, A and Kurkowska, S and Małkowska, P and Sierawska, O and Hrynkiewicz, R and Parczewski, M},
title = {Immune Signature of COVID-19: In-Depth Reasons and Consequences of the Cytokine Storm.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {23},
number = {9},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms23094545},
pmid = {35562935},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {SZPITALE-JEDNOIMIENNE/27/2020//National Centre For Research and Development/ ; },
abstract = {In the beginning of the third year of the fight against COVID-19, the virus remains at least still one step ahead in the pandemic "war". The key reasons are evolving lineages and mutations, resulting in an increase of transmissibility and ability to evade immune system. However, from the immunologic point of view, the cytokine storm (CS) remains a poorly understood and difficult to combat culprit of the extended number of in-hospital admissions and deaths. It is not fully clear whether the cytokine release is a harmful result of suppression of the immune system or a positive reaction necessary to clear the virus. To develop methods of appropriate treatment and therefore decrease the mortality of the so-called COVID-19-CS, we need to look deeply inside its pathogenesis, which is the purpose of this review.},
}
@article {pmid35562767,
year = {2022},
author = {Ansotegui, IJ and Bernstein, JA and Canonica, GW and Gonzalez-Diaz, SN and Martin, BL and Morais-Almeida, M and Murrieta-Aguttes, M and Sanchez Borges, M},
title = {Insights into urticaria in pediatric and adult populations and its management with fexofenadine hydrochloride.},
journal = {Allergy, asthma, and clinical immunology : official journal of the Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {35562767},
issn = {1710-1484},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The present narrative review provides a comprehensive update of the current knowledge on urticaria, both in adult and pediatric populations, and on the safety and efficacy of fexofenadine hydrochloride (HCl) as a treatment option.
DATA SOURCE: A literature search was conducted on Embase and Medline.
STUDY SELECTION: Clinical studies published in English and published between 1999 and 2020 were selected.
RESULTS: Although the exact pathogenesis of urticaria is not fully understood, multiple pathways of mast cell activation are discussed to explain the existence of phenotypically different clinical manifestations of urticaria. An overview of the worldwide prevalence of chronic urticaria, including disease burden and patient's quality of life is provided. The impact of urticaria on patient's life differs on the basis of whether its form is acute or chronic, but pharmacological approaches are most often needed to control the disabling symptoms. A summary of the current management of urticaria recommended by different guidelines across countries (Global; European; American; Australian; Asian; Japanese) is presented. Non-sedating, second-generation H1-antihistamines are the preferred choice of treatment across several guidelines worldwide. Herein, the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine HCl, a representative second-generation H1-antihistamine approved for the treatment of urticaria, is discussed. The occurrence of urticaria manifestations in COVID-19 patients is also briefly presented.
CONCLUSION: The burden of acute and chronic urticaria is high for patients. Second generation anti-histamines such as fexofenadine HCl can help managing the symptoms.},
}
@article {pmid35562753,
year = {2022},
author = {Lv, J and Wu, H and Xu, J and Liu, J},
title = {Immunogenicity and safety of heterologous versus homologous prime-boost schedules with an adenoviral vectored and mRNA COVID-19 vaccine: a systematic review.},
journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {53},
pmid = {35562753},
issn = {2049-9957},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Heterologous prime-boost with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vector vaccine (ChAd) and a messenger RNA vaccine (BNT or mRNA-1273) has been widely facilitating mass coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunisation. This review aimed to synthesize immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous immunisations with ChAd and BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccine compared with homologous ChAd or BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to March 7, 2022. Immunogenicity involving serum antibodies against different SAS-CoV-2 fragments, neutralizing antibody, or spike-specific T cells response were compared. Any, local and systemic reactions were pooled by meta-analysis for comparison.
RESULTS: Of 14,571 records identified, 13 studies (3024 participants) were included for analysis. Compared with homologous BNT/BNT vaccination, heterologous ChAd/BNT schedule probably induced noninferior anti-spike protein while higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response. Heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) immunisation induced superior anti-spike protein and higher neutralizing antibody and better T cells response compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. Heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) had similar risk of any reaction (RR = 1.30, 95% CI: 0.86-1.96) while higher risk of local reactions (RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.27-2.15) and systemic reactions (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.17-1.90) compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. There was a higher risk of local reactions (RR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.03-1.31) in heterologous ChAd/BNT (mRNA-1273) vaccination compare with homologous BNT/BNT but a similar risk of any reaction (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.79-1.34) and systemic reactions (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.60-1.30).
CONCLUSIONS: Heterologous ChAd/BNT schedule induced at least comparable immunogenicity compared with homologous BNT/BNT and better immunogenicity compared with homologous ChAd/ChAd vaccination. The synthetical evidence supported the general application of heterologous prime-boost vaccination using ChAd and BNT COVID-19 vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35562685,
year = {2022},
author = {Alagheband Bahrami, A and Azargoonjahromi, A and Sadraei, S and Aarabi, A and Payandeh, Z and Rajabibazl, M},
title = {An overview of current drugs and prophylactic vaccines for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Cellular & molecular biology letters},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {38},
pmid = {35562685},
issn = {1689-1392},
abstract = {Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies invested a great deal of time and money in trying to control and combat the disease. In this regard, due to the urgent need, many vaccines are now available earlier than scheduled. Based on their manufacturing technology, the vaccines available for COVID-19 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SAR-CoV2)) infection can be classified into four platforms: RNA vaccines, adenovirus vector vaccines, subunit (protein-based) vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines. Moreover, various drugs have been deemed to negatively affect the progression of the infection via various actions. However, adaptive variants of the SARS-CoV-2 genome can alter the pathogenic potential of the virus and increase the difficulty of both drug and vaccine development. In this review, along with drugs used in COVID-19 treatment, currently authorized COVID-19 vaccines as well as variants of the virus are described and evaluated, considering all platforms.},
}
@article {pmid35562628,
year = {2022},
author = {El-Saber Batiha, G and Al-Gareeb, AI and Saad, HM and Al-Kuraishy, HM},
title = {COVID-19 and corticosteroids: a narrative review.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35562628},
issn = {1568-5608},
abstract = {It has been reported that corticosteroid therapy was effective in the management of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and recently in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Corticosteroids are potent anti-inflammatory drugs that mitigate the risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia, despite a reduction of viral clearance; corticosteroids inhibit the development of cytokine storm and multi-organ damage. The risk-benefit ratio should be assessed for critical COVID-19 patients. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is an effective way in the management of COVID-19, it reduces the risk of complications primarily acute lung injury and the development of ARDS. Besides, corticosteroid therapy mainly dexamethasone and methylprednisolone are effective in reducing the severity of COVID-19 and associated comorbidities such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD), rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).},
}
@article {pmid35562265,
year = {2022},
author = {Nguyen, DL and Ambinder, EB and Myers, KS and Oluyemi, E},
title = {Addressing Disparities Related to Access of Multimodality Breast Imaging Services Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2022.03.017},
pmid = {35562265},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {Despite technological advancements focused on reducing breast cancer mortality through early detection, there have been reported disparities in the access to these imaging services with underserved patient populations (including racial minority groups and patients of low socioeconomic status) showing underutilization compared to other patient groups. These underserved populations tend to have more advanced breast cancer presentations, in part due to delays in diagnosis resulting in later stage of disease presentation. To make matters worse, the COVID-19 pandemic declared in March 2020 has resulted in significant healthcare disruptions leading to extensive delays in breast imaging services which are expected to negatively impact breast cancer mortality long-term. Given the worsening disparity in breast cancer mortality among racial/ethnic minorities and financially disadvantaged groups, it is vital to address these disparity gaps with the goal of reducing the barriers to timely breast cancer diagnosis and addressing breast cancer mortality differences among breast cancer patients. Therefore, this review aims to provide a discussion highlighting the disparities related to breast imaging access, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on these disparities, current targeted interventions implemented in breast imaging practices to reduce these disparities, and future directions on the journey to reducing disparity gaps for breast imaging patients. Tackling the root cause factors of the persistent breast cancer-related disparities is critical to meeting the needs of patients who are disadvantaged and can lead to continued improvement in the quality of individualized care for patients who have higher breast cancer morbidity and mortality risks.},
}
@article {pmid35562145,
year = {2022},
author = {Lin, LC and Hollis, B and Hefti, MM},
title = {Neuropathology of COVID-19.},
journal = {Indian journal of pathology & microbiology},
volume = {65},
number = {Supplement},
pages = {S146-S152},
doi = {10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1103_21},
pmid = {35562145},
issn = {0974-5130},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has placed global health care systems under unprecedented strain but has, at the same time, provided a unique opportunity for pathologists to turn autopsy findings into directly actionable insights into patient care. The current data on the neuropathology of COVID-19 remains preliminary and is limited by the lack of suitable controls, but certain tentative conclusions can be drawn. SARS-CoV-2 can infect multiple cell types in the central nervous system and does so in a subset of patients, although the clinical significance of direct infections remains in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) infections remains unclear. The best-described neuropathological manifestations of COVID-19 in the brain are variable patterns of neuroinflammation and vascular injury, although again, it remains unclear to what degree these findings are specifically due to COVID-19. There is also intriguing preliminary data to suggest a complex relationship between COVID-19 and neurodegeneration, with certain alleles that increase AD risk also increasing the risk of severe COVID-19, and conversely, the possibility that COVID-19 may increase the risk of neurodegenerative disease. The neuropathology of so-called "long-COVID" and the potential effects of COVID-19, or critical illness in general, on neurodegenerative disease remains unclear. There is thus an urgent need for long-term cohort studies of COVID-19 survivors, including brain donation, particularly in elderly patients, with careful recruitment of controls with similar non-COVID inflammatory illnesses.},
}
@article {pmid35562045,
year = {2022},
author = {Chen, F and Tian, Y and Zhang, L and Shi, Y},
title = {The Role of Children in Household Transmission of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.016},
pmid = {35562045},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Household is potentially the highest-risk exposure setting of SARS-COV-2 transmission, in which the role of children has remained controversial.
METHODS: Through retrieval in PubMed and EMBASE, studies were included in two parts: meta-analysis of the household secondary attack rate (SAR) and case analysis of household pediatric infections.
RESULTS: A total of 95 articles were included: 48 for meta-analysis and 47 for case analysis. Pediatric COVID-19 only comprised a minority of the household transmission. The total pooled household SAR of child index cases and contacts were 0.20 (95% CI: 0.15-0.26) and 0.24 (95% CI: 0.18-0.30). Lower household transmissibility was reported in both child index cases and contacts compared to adults (RR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.50-0.81; RR=0.74, 95% CI: 0.64-0.85). Younger children were as susceptible as the older children (RR=0.89, 95% CI: 0.72-1.10). Through subgroup analyses of different variants and periods, increased household SAR was observed in children (Wild: 0.20; Alpha: 0.42; Delta: 0.35; Omicron: 0.56) and no significant difference was found in household SAR between children and adults when new variants dominated.
CONCLUSIONS: Although children were demonstrated not to be dominant in the household transmission, their transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 appeared on the rise as new variants emerge.},
}
@article {pmid35561899,
year = {2022},
author = {Mahyari, KF and Sun, Q and Klemes, JJ and Aghbashlo, M and Tabatabaei, M and Khoshnevisan, B and Birkved, M},
title = {To what extent waste management strategies need adaptation to post-COVID-19.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {155829},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155829},
pmid = {35561899},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The world has been grappling with the crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic for more than a year. Various sectors have been affected by COVID-19 and its consequences. The waste management system is one of the sectors affected by such unpredictable pandemics. The experience of COVID-19 proved that adaptability to such pandemics and the post-pandemic era had become a necessity in waste management systems and this requires an accurate understanding of the challenges that have been arising. The accurate information and data from most countries severely affected by the pandemic are not still available to identify the key challenges during and post-COVID-19. The documented evidence from literature has been collected and the attempt has been made to summarise the arising challenges and the lessons learned. This review covers all raised challenges concerning the various aspects of the waste management system from generation to final disposal (i.e., generation, storage, collection, transportation, processing, and burial of waste). The necessities and opportunities are recognized for increasing flexibility and adaptability in waste management systems. The four basic pillars are enumerated to adapt the waste management system to the COVID-19 pandemic and post-COVID-19 conditions. Striving to support and implement a circular economy is one of its basic strategies.},
}
@article {pmid35561885,
year = {2022},
author = {Metin, A and Erbiçer, ES and Şen, S and Çetinkaya, A},
title = {Gender and COVID-19 related fear and anxiety: A meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.036},
pmid = {35561885},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {Studies conducted during the pandemic revealed strong associations between gender and COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. Females perceive coronavirus as a greater threat to personal health and population than males. The aim of the current meta-analysis is to estimate gender difference in COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. The second purpose of this study is to clarify the role of potential moderators in COVID-19 fear and anxiety. For these reasons, studies published between March 2020 and October 2021 were searched in various databases (Web of Science, SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar). In total, 315 studies met the inclusion criteria, and 60 studies for COVID-19 related fear and 23 studies for COVID-19 related anxiety were included in the current study. Cohen's d effect size values were calculated based on these individual studies showing the difference between males and females in terms of COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. Results revealed that gender has a moderate and significant effect on COVID-19 related fear (ES = 0.307) and anxiety (ES = 0.316) in favor of females. Moderator analyses showed that continent variable was a significant moderator of gender difference in COVID-19 related fear and anxiety. The highest effect size of gender differences in COVID-related fear and anxiety were obtained from the studies conducted in Europe. However, other moderators (the average age of sample, culture, timing, and population) were not statistically significant. Although this meta-analysis has a few limitations, the findings showed that COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected females more.},
}
@article {pmid35561726,
year = {2022},
author = {Giles-Corti, B and Moudon, AV and Lowe, M and Cerin, E and Boeing, G and Frumkin, H and Salvo, D and Foster, S and Kleeman, A and Bekessy, S and de Sá, TH and Nieuwenhuijsen, M and Higgs, C and Hinckson, E and Adlakha, D and Arundel, J and Liu, S and Oyeyemi, AL and Nitvimol, K and Sallis, JF},
title = {What next? Expanding our view of city planning and global health, and implementing and monitoring evidence-informed policy.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {10},
number = {6},
pages = {e919-e926},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00066-3},
pmid = {35561726},
issn = {2214-109X},
abstract = {This Series on urban design, transport, and health aimed to facilitate development of a global system of health-related policy and spatial indicators to assess achievements and deficiencies in urban and transport policies and features. This final paper in the Series summarises key findings, considers what to do next, and outlines urgent key actions. Our study of 25 cities in 19 countries found that, despite many well intentioned policies, few cities had measurable standards and policy targets to achieve healthy and sustainable cities. Available standards and targets were often insufficient to promote health and wellbeing, and health-supportive urban design and transport features were often inadequate or inequitably distributed. City planning decisions affect human and planetary health and amplify city vulnerabilities, as the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted. Hence, we offer an expanded framework of pathways through which city planning affects health, incorporating 11 integrated urban system policies and 11 integrated urban and transport interventions addressing current and emerging issues. Our call to action recommends widespread uptake and further development of our methods and open-source tools to create upstream policy and spatial indicators to benchmark and track progress; unmask spatial inequities; inform interventions and investments; and accelerate transitions to net zero, healthy, and sustainable cities.},
}
@article {pmid35561501,
year = {2022},
author = {Brady, WJ and Chavez, S and Gottlieb, M and Liang, SY and Carius, B and Koyfman, A and Long, B},
title = {Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Cardiac arrest in the out-of-hospital and in-hospital settings.},
journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {57},
number = {},
pages = {114-123},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2022.04.031},
pmid = {35561501},
issn = {1532-8171},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of cases worldwide. As the pandemic has progressed, the understanding of this disease has evolved. Its impact on the health and welfare of the human population is significant; its impact on the delivery of healthcare is also considerable.
OBJECTIVE: This article is another paper in a series addressing COVID-19-related updates to emergency clinicians on the management of COVID-19 patients with cardiac arrest.
DISCUSSION: COVID-19 has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. From a global perspective, as of February 23, 2022, 435 million infections have been noted with 5.9 million deaths (1.4%). Current data suggest an increase in the occurrence of cardiac arrest, both in the outpatient and inpatient settings, with corresponding reductions in most survival metrics. The frequency of out-of-hospital lay provider initial care has decreased while non-shockable initial cardiac arrest rhythms have increased. While many interventions, including chest compressions, are aerosol-generating procedures, the risk of contagion to healthcare personnel is low, assuming appropriate personal protective equipment is used; vaccination with boosting provides further protection against contagion for the healthcare personnel involved in cardiac arrest resuscitation. The burden of the COVID-19 pandemic on the delivery of cardiac arrest care is considerable and, despite multiple efforts, has adversely impacted the chain of survival.
CONCLUSION: This review provides a focused update of cardiac arrest in the setting of COVID-19 for emergency clinicians.},
}
@article {pmid35559865,
year = {2022},
author = {O'Brien, DM and Kaluzny, AD},
title = {Achieving a multilevel evidence-based approach to improve cancer care in the U.S. post-COVID era: What is the role of management?.},
journal = {Journal of cancer policy},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {100307},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcpo.2021.100307},
pmid = {35559865},
issn = {2213-5383},
abstract = {In 2013, the Institute of Medicine already had declared the state of U.S. cancer care as "a delivery system in crisis." Beginning in early 2020, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically revealed the fragile nature of the U.S. health system. As a microcosm of that larger health system, cancer care can provide us with opportunities for innovative thinking and new solutions. This paper describes a series of public and private-sector cancer care initiatives that are the building blocks for a multilevel evidence-based approach to improve cancer care in the post-COVID era. Achieving these objectives requires significant managerial policy decisions, some risk taking, and the development of organizational strategies that involve collaboration within the managerial and clinical leadership. Such strategies should reflect adaptability to navigate the complex and changing science, policy and financing environment, while retaining the central values of patient-centered care. As suggested by Edward Deming, an early pioneer in quality-improvement initiatives, the problems are with the system, and the system belongs to management. Though future challenges are undefined and likely to be significant, the foundational elements of a multilevel, evidence-based approach for improving cancer care are established and able to be built upon and will offer application in the post-COVID era.},
}
@article {pmid35559257,
year = {2022},
author = {Mostafa-Hedeab, G and Al-Kuraishy, HM and Al-Gareeb, AI and Welson, NN and El-Saber Batiha, G and Conte-Junior, CA},
title = {Selinexor and COVID-19: The Neglected Warden.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {884228},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.884228},
pmid = {35559257},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {A novel severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been confirmed as the cause of the global pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Different repurposed drugs have been trialed and used in the management of COVID-19. One of these agents was the anti-cancer Selinexor (SXR). SXR is an anti-cancer drug that acts by inhibition of nuclear exportin-1 (XPO1), which inhibits transport of nuclear proteins from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, leading to the induction of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. XPO1 inhibitors had antiviral effects, mainly against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus. SXR inhibits transport of SARS-CoV-2 nuclear proteins to the cytoplasm with further inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 proliferation. SXR has the ability to prevent the development of a cytokine storm in COVID-19 by inhibiting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines with the augmentation release of anti-inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with activation of XPO1, leading to the triggering of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress. Inhibition of XPO1 by Selinexor (SXR), a selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE), can reduce the proliferation of SARS-CoV-2 and associated inflammatory disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies are warranted in this regard.},
}
@article {pmid35559224,
year = {2022},
author = {Calleja, DJ and Lessene, G and Komander, D},
title = {Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro.},
journal = {Frontiers in chemistry},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {876212},
doi = {10.3389/fchem.2022.876212},
pmid = {35559224},
issn = {2296-2646},
abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 causing the COVID-19 pandemic, has highlighted how a combination of urgency, collaboration and building on existing research can enable rapid vaccine development to fight disease outbreaks. However, even countries with high vaccination rates still see surges in case numbers and high numbers of hospitalized patients. The development of antiviral treatments hence remains a top priority in preventing hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients, and eventually bringing an end to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 proteome contains several essential enzymatic activities embedded within its non-structural proteins (nsps). We here focus on nsp3, that harbours an essential papain-like protease (PLpro) domain responsible for cleaving the viral polyprotein as part of viral processing. Moreover, nsp3/PLpro also cleaves ubiquitin and ISG15 modifications within the host cell, derailing innate immune responses. Small molecule inhibition of the PLpro protease domain significantly reduces viral loads in SARS-CoV-2 infection models, suggesting that PLpro is an excellent drug target for next generation antivirals. In this review we discuss the conserved structure and function of PLpro and the ongoing efforts to design small molecule PLpro inhibitors that exploit this knowledge. We first discuss the many drug repurposing attempts, concluding that it is unlikely that PLpro-targeting drugs already exist. We next discuss the wealth of structural information on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibition, for which there are now ∼30 distinct crystal structures with small molecule inhibitors bound in a surprising number of distinct crystallographic settings. We focus on optimisation of an existing compound class, based on SARS-CoV PLpro inhibitor GRL-0617, and recapitulate how new GRL-0617 derivatives exploit different features of PLpro, to overcome some compound liabilities.},
}
@article {pmid35558372,
year = {2022},
author = {van Goudoever, JB and Spatz, DL and Hoban, R and Dumitriu, D and Gyamfi-Bannerman, C and Berns, M and McKechnie, L and Davanzo, R},
title = {Updating Clinical Practices to Promote and Protect Human Milk and Breastfeeding in a COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {867540},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2022.867540},
pmid = {35558372},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted breastfeeding and lactation globally, with clinical practices implemented early in the pandemic being mostly anti-breastfeeding, e.g., separation of mothers from their infants, and not evidence based. As the pandemic has progressed, evidence has emerged reconfirming the value of human milk and the importance of protecting and supporting breastfeeding, especially the initiation of lactation. However, it is clear that COVID-19 has changed the clinical care paradigm around breastfeeding and lactation support and, as such, it is imperative that practices adapt and evolve to maintain the emphasis on lactation support. We participated in a round table conference aiming to rescue and develop protocols and practices that support breastfeeding during the COVID-19 pandemic. One key area to target will be to maximize the use of the antenatal period. The early identification of lactation risk factors together with the development of person-centered methods to deliver breastfeeding information and education to parents-to-be will be critical. In addition, the establishment of a hospital culture that values breastfeeding and prioritizes the use of human milk will be integral for the motivation of health care professionals. That culture will also support active management of the initiation of lactation and the development of a 'back-up plan' toolkit to support the mother experiencing lactation difficulties. Post-discharge support will also be crucial with the development of both in-person and virtual lactation support programs, in particular for the immediate post-discharge period to benefit mothers who experience an early discharge process. These measures will allow for a new, adapted framework of practice that acknowledges the current COVID-19 paradigm and maintains the emphasis on the need to protect and support breastfeeding and the use of human milk.},
}
@article {pmid35555921,
year = {2022},
author = {Vaseghi, N and Sharifisooraki, J and Khodadadi, H and Nami, S and Safari, F and Ahangarkani, F and Meis, JF and Badali, H and Morovati, H},
title = {Global Prevalence and Subgroup Analyses of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Associated Candida auris infections (CACa): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Mycoses},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/myc.13471},
pmid = {35555921},
issn = {1439-0507},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increased hospitalization rates in the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) era lead to a new wave of hospital-acquired infections such as emerging multidrug-resistant Candida auris. We aimed to evaluate and estimate the global prevalence of coronavirus-associated C. auris infection (CACa).
METHODS: We searched related databases between December 2019 and April 2022 for studies that reported data about CACa. Meta-analysis was performed using MedCalc software version 20.104 according to the DerSimonian and Laird method applying the random-effects model. We evaluated heterogeneity using the χ2 -based Q statistic (significant for P-value <0·1) and the I2 statistic (>75 % indicative of "notable" heterogeneity). Moreover, if possible, an odds ratio (OR) analysis was performed for eligible data.
RESULTS: Our meta-analysis includes ten eligible studies, including 1942 patients hospitalized with COVID-19; 129 were C. auris cases. The overall pooled prevalence of CACa was estimated at 5.7%. The mortality rate of CACa was estimated at 67.849%. Hypertension was the most prevalent comorbidity (59.374%), followed by diabetes mellitus (52.898%) and cardiovascular diseases (31.392%). Men with a prevalence rate of 80.012% were 3.27 (OR) times more prone to getting infected by C. auris.
CONCLUSION: We concluded that the prevalence of C. auris infections decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence gradient changed from Asia to America. Unfortunately, there are many descriptive studies with duplicate content in the field of epidemiology of C. auris infections which are increasing every day. We suggest further non-descriptive studies to accurately establish the cause-and-effect relationships between C. auris and COVID-19 infections.},
}
@article {pmid35552466,
year = {2022},
author = {Gerhard, A and Prüß, H and Franke, C},
title = {[Manifestations of the central nervous system after COVID-19].},
journal = {Der Nervenarzt},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35552466},
issn = {1433-0407},
abstract = {Numerous diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), especially in the postacute phase after an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described. These include neuroimmunologically mediated diseases, such as encephalopathy, encephalitis, myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), acute necrotizing hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (ANHLE) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) as well as others, such as posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (OMA) and cerebrovascular diseases. A parainfectious or postinfectious association is discussed but the pathophysiological mechanisms are so far unknown. Underlying mechanisms could be a virus-triggered overactivation of the immune system with hyperinflammation and cytokine storm but possibly also the development of specific autoantibodies against CNS tissue. Direct damage due to the invasion of SARS-CoV‑2 into the brain or spinal cord does not seem to play a relevant role. An exact clinical phenotyping and initiation of additional diagnostics are recommended, also to rule out other causes. To date no medicinal treatment options for CNS manifestations of long COVID exist; however, first results regarding inflammation and autoimmunity are promising and could lead to new treatment approaches.},
}
@article {pmid35551888,
year = {2022},
author = {Warner, SA and Arevalo, JL},
title = {Literature Review of Mothers Diagnosed With COVID-19 and the Impact on Breastfeeding Their Newborns.},
journal = {Nursing for women's health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.nwh.2022.03.010},
pmid = {35551888},
issn = {1751-486X},
abstract = {In early 2020, newborns were separated from their mothers who were diagnosed with COVID-19 infection. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the current evidence to determine if the transmission of COVID-19 infection to the neonate increases if newborns are directly breastfed by mothers who are positive for COVID-19 infection. There were 28 studies conducted in seven countries, with 10 of those studies conducted in the United States. In total, 5,123 neonates were born to mothers diagnosed with COVID-19, with 3,872 neonates determined to have been breastfed or provided mixed feeding including breast milk. Overall, 2.35% (91/3,872) of the newborns tested positive, and all recovered from COVID-19 infection. As frontline health care providers, nurses are instrumental in offering support and education on the risks and benefits of breastfeeding for individuals diagnosed with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid35551058,
year = {2022},
author = {Philippe, TJ and Sikder, N and Jackson, A and Koblanski, ME and Liow, E and Pilarinos, A and Vasarhelyi, K},
title = {Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-Review.},
journal = {JMIR mental health},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {e35159},
doi = {10.2196/35159},
pmid = {35551058},
issn = {2368-7959},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted mental health care delivery to digital platforms, videoconferencing, and other mobile communications. However, existing reviews of digital health interventions are narrow in scope and focus on a limited number of mental health conditions.
OBJECTIVE: To address this gap, we conducted a comprehensive systematic meta-review of the literature to assess the state of digital health interventions for the treatment of mental health conditions.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE for secondary literature published between 2010 and 2021 on the use, efficacy, and appropriateness of digital health interventions for the delivery of mental health care.
RESULTS: Of the 3022 records identified, 466 proceeded to full-text review and 304 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. A majority (52%) of research involved the treatment of substance use disorders, 29% focused on mood, anxiety, and traumatic stress disorders, and >5% for each remaining mental health conditions. Synchronous and asynchronous communication, computerized therapy, and cognitive training appear to be effective but require further examination in understudied mental health conditions. Similarly, virtual reality, mobile apps, social media platforms, and web-based forums are novel technologies that have the potential to improve mental health but require higher quality evidence.
CONCLUSIONS: Digital health interventions offer promise in the treatment of mental health conditions. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, digital health interventions provide a safer alternative to face-to-face treatment. However, further research on the applications of digital interventions in understudied mental health conditions is needed. Additionally, evidence is needed on the effectiveness and appropriateness of digital health tools for patients who are marginalized and may lack access to digital health interventions.},
}
@article {pmid35550853,
year = {2022},
author = {Su, Z and McDonnell, D and Cheshmehzangi, A and Ahmad, J and Šegalo, S and Pereira da Veiga, C and Xiang, YT},
title = {Public health crises and Ukrainian refugees.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.004},
pmid = {35550853},
issn = {1090-2139},
abstract = {Conflicts are inevitable, and so are refugees. Due to conflicts in Ukraine, the global refugee population has reached new highs. As people continue to flee Ukraine amid the ongoing pandemic in droves, their exposure to COVID-19 and infectious diseases that are common among the refugee population, such as tuberculosis, is on the rise as well. Also factoring in the fact that Ukraine has a large population living with communicable diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, along with other non-communicable conditions like diabetes and cancer, there is a pronounced need to protect these refugees and local residents from potential public health crises. In this paper, we investigate the challenges that health and government officials face in addressing refugees' health needs and preferences. Furthermore, we discuss the imperative to provide timely and effective health services to refugees, such as psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions that could help address refugees' multifactorial and multifaceted health needs and requirements. While conflicts are inevitable, public health crises are not. In light of the renewed imperative to safeguard shared humanity and solidify global solidarity, collaborative actions are needed to ensure fair, kind, and true public health environments are available to refugees of the current conflict and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid35550850,
year = {2022},
author = {Vavougios, GD and Mavridis, T and Artemiadis, A and Krogfelt, KA and Hadjigeorgiou, G},
title = {Trained immunity in viral infections, Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis: A convergence in type I interferon signalling and IFNβ-1a.},
journal = {Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {166430},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166430},
pmid = {35550850},
issn = {1879-260X},
abstract = {Type I interferon (IFN-I) signalling represents a major target for modulation in a virus' bid for latency. IFN-I perturbations are also present in such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS), where viral infections are known to increase symptomatic burden. IFN-I modulation such as via IFNβ-1a, an established MS treatment, has been researched to a limited extent to both AD and COVID-19. In this mini review, we present emerging research on trained immunity as a pathogenetic basis for Alzheimer's disease and the emerging context for IFNβ-1a repositioning, via mechanisms shared with multiple sclerosis and induced by viral infections.},
}
@article {pmid35550785,
year = {2022},
author = {Fleiss, N and Tarun, S and Polin, RA},
title = {Infection prevention for extremely low birth weight infants in the NICU.},
journal = {Seminars in fetal & neonatal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101345},
doi = {10.1016/j.siny.2022.101345},
pmid = {35550785},
issn = {1878-0946},
abstract = {Extremely preterm infants are particularly vulnerable to systemic infections secondary to their immature immune defenses, prolonged hospitalizations, delays in enteral feeding, early antibiotic exposure, and need for life-sustaining invasive interventions. There have been several evidence-based practices for infection prevention in this population, such as human milk feedings, utilization of "bundle checklists" and decolonization of pathogenic organisms. Other practices, such as the use of probiotics, human milk-derived fortifiers, and antifungal prophylaxis are more controversial and require further investigation regarding the risks and benefits of such interventions. This chapter examines the susceptibility of the preterm newborn infant to invasive infections and describes several strategies for infection prevention, along with the associated limitations of such practices. It also addresses the various gaps in our understanding of preventing infections in this population, and the need for additional large multi-center randomized controlled trials. Additionally, the role of the SARs-CoV-2 global pandemic and associated strategies for infection prevention in the NICU are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid35550778,
year = {2022},
author = {Tan, RSL and Hassandarvish, P and Chee, CF and Chan, LW and Wong, TW},
title = {Chitosan and its derivatives as polymeric anti-viral therapeutics and potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 nanomedicine.},
journal = {Carbohydrate polymers},
volume = {290},
number = {},
pages = {119500},
doi = {10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119500},
pmid = {35550778},
issn = {1879-1344},
abstract = {The coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19 has a global impact on the lives and livelihoods of people. It is characterized by a widespread infection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), where infected patients may develop serious medical complications or even face death. Development of therapeutic is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of infected patients. Chitosan is a versatile biomaterial in nanomedicine and exhibits anti-microbial, anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. This review highlights the progress in chitosan design and application pertaining to the anti-viral effects of chitosan and chitosan derivatives (hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium, sulfate, carboxymethyl, bromine, sialylglycopolymer, peptide and phosphonium conjugates) as a function of molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, type of substituents and their degree and site of substitution. The physicochemical attributes of these polymeric therapeutics are identified against the possibility of processing them into nanomedicine which can confer a higher level of anti-viral efficacy. The designs of chitosan for the purpose of targeting SARS-CoV-2, as well as the ever-evolving strains of viruses with a broad spectrum anti-viral activity to meet pandemic preparedness at the early stages of outbreak are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid35550674,
year = {2022},
author = {Juneau, CE and Pueyo, T and Bell, M and Gee, G and Collazzo, P and Potvin, L},
title = {Lessons from past pandemics: a systematic review of evidence-based, cost-effective interventions to suppress COVID-19.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {90},
pmid = {35550674},
issn = {2046-4053},
support = {CRC 950-232541/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In an unparalleled global response, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 90 countries asked 3.9 billion people to stay home. Yet other countries avoided lockdowns and focused on other strategies, like contact tracing. How effective and cost-effective are these strategies? We aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the evidence on past pandemic controls, with a focus on cost-effectiveness.
METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE (1946 to April week 2, 2020) and EMBASE (1974 to April 17, 2020) were searched using a range of terms related to pandemic control. Articles reporting on the effectiveness or cost-effectiveness of at least one intervention were included.
RESULTS: We found 1653 papers; 62 were included. The effectiveness of hand-washing and face masks was supported by randomized trials. These measures were highly cost-effective. For other interventions, only observational and modelling studies were found. They suggested that (1) the most cost-effective interventions are swift contact tracing and case isolation, surveillance networks, protective equipment for healthcare workers, and early vaccination (when available); (2) home quarantines and stockpiling antivirals are less cost-effective; (3) social distancing measures like workplace and school closures are effective but costly, making them the least cost-effective options; (4) combinations are more cost-effective than single interventions; and (5) interventions are more cost-effective when adopted early. For 2009 H1N1 influenza, contact tracing was estimated to be 4363 times more cost-effective than school closure ($2260 vs. $9,860,000 per death prevented).
CONCLUSIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS: For COVID-19, a cautious interpretation suggests that (1) workplace and school closures are effective but costly, especially when adopted late, and (2) scaling up as early as possible a combination of interventions that includes hand-washing, face masks, ample protective equipment for healthcare workers, and swift contact tracing and case isolation is likely to be the most cost-effective strategy.},
}
@article {pmid35550267,
year = {2022},
author = {Ngwa, W and Addai, BW and Adewole, I and Ainsworth, V and Alaro, J and Alatise, OI and Ali, Z and Anderson, BO and Anorlu, R and Avery, S and Barango, P and Bih, N and Booth, CM and Brawley, OW and Dangou, JM and Denny, L and Dent, J and Elmore, SNC and Elzawawy, A and Gashumba, D and Geel, J and Graef, K and Gupta, S and Gueye, SM and Hammad, N and Hessissen, L and Ilbawi, AM and Kambugu, J and Kozlakidis, Z and Manga, S and Maree, L and Mohammed, SI and Msadabwe, S and Mutebi, M and Nakaganda, A and Ndlovu, N and Ndoh, K and Ndumbalo, J and Ngoma, M and Ngoma, T and Ntizimira, C and Rebbeck, TR and Renner, L and Romanoff, A and Rubagumya, F and Sayed, S and Sud, S and Simonds, H and Sullivan, R and Swanson, W and Vanderpuye, V and Wiafe, B and Kerr, D},
title = {Cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: a Lancet Oncology Commission.},
journal = {The Lancet. Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1470-2045(21)00720-8},
pmid = {35550267},
issn = {1474-5488},
abstract = {In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), urgent action is needed to curb a growing crisis in cancer incidence and mortality. Without rapid interventions, data estimates show a major increase in cancer mortality from 520 348 in 2020 to about 1 million deaths per year by 2030. Here, we detail the state of cancer in SSA, recommend key actions on the basis of analysis, and highlight case studies and successful models that can be emulated, adapted, or improved across the region to reduce the growing cancer crises. Recommended actions begin with the need to develop or update national cancer control plans in each country. Plans must include childhood cancer plans, managing comorbidities such as HIV and malnutrition, a reliable and predictable supply of medication, and the provision of psychosocial, supportive, and palliative care. Plans should also engage traditional, complementary, and alternative medical practices employed by more than 80% of SSA populations and pathways to reduce missed diagnoses and late referrals. More substantial investment is needed in developing cancer registries and cancer diagnostics for core cancer tests. We show that investments in, and increased adoption of, some approaches used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as hypofractionated radiotherapy and telehealth, can substantially increase access to cancer care in Africa, accelerate cancer prevention and control efforts, increase survival, and save billions of US dollars over the next decade. The involvement of African First Ladies in cancer prevention efforts represents one practical approach that should be amplified across SSA. Moreover, investments in workforce training are crucial to prevent millions of avoidable deaths by 2030. We present a framework that can be used to strategically plan cancer research enhancement in SSA, with investments in research that can produce a return on investment and help drive policy and effective collaborations. Expansion of universal health coverage to incorporate cancer into essential benefits packages is also vital. Implementation of the recommended actions in this Commission will be crucial for reducing the growing cancer crises in SSA and achieving political commitments to the UN Sustainable Development Goals to reduce premature mortality from non-communicable diseases by a third by 2030.},
}
@article {pmid35550224,
year = {2022},
author = {Ang, L and Song, E and Zhang, J and Lee, HW and Lee, MS},
title = {Herbal medicine for COVID-19: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {102},
number = {},
pages = {154136},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154136},
pmid = {35550224},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread throughout countries, researchers and scientific groups have published a large number of scientific papers examining effective treatments and prevention strategies for COVID-19, including herbal medicine. It has become difficult to navigate the increasing volume of scientific material on the pandemic, and critical appraisal of these outcomes is needed. This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) aims to synthesize evidence from SRs and summarize the effects of herbal medicine interventions in the treatment of COVID-19.
METHODS: Four databases were searched from inception up to October 20, 2021. SRs analyzing primary studies of the efficacy of herbal medications for treating COVID-19 were included. Two reviewers selected the studies and retrieved the data independently. The AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) was used to assess the methodological quality of the included SRs.
RESULTS: A total of 21 SRs on herbal medicine treatments for COVID-19 were included. All SRs were published between May 2020 and September 2021. Thirteen of the SRs included only randomized controlled trials (RCTs), whereas the remaining eight included evidence from nonrandomized trials in addition to RCTs, with a significant overlap identified across the RCTs. Twelve SRs concluded that existing evidence was insufficient to form a definite judgment, nine found that herbal therapy was useful, and none indicated that herbal medicine had no benefit. The AMSTAR 2 tool revealed that the methodological quality of the included SRs was generally low.
CONCLUSION: In this overview of SRs, we reviewed herbal medicine-related evidence from 21 SRs that were published after the outbreak of COVID-19. This study shows that while there is considerable evidence demonstrating the advantages of herbal medicine interventions, the quality of the evidence is inadequate to provide solid and accurate judgments about the effectiveness of herbal medicine therapies for COVID-19. Despite the crisis caused by the pandemic, clinical studies and SRs should comply with established methodological standards.},
}
@article {pmid35550097,
year = {2022},
author = {Barré, C and Billy, C},
title = {[Promotion of Covid-19 vaccination by nursing students].},
journal = {Revue de l'infirmiere},
volume = {71},
number = {280},
pages = {35-37},
doi = {10.1016/j.revinf.2022.02.013},
pmid = {35550097},
issn = {1293-8505},
abstract = {In the midst of Covid-19 pandemic, on the cusp of a fourth wave, second-year nursing students conducted a campaign to promote vaccination. This educational activity is part of the evaluation of teaching unit 4.6 of semester 3 "educational and preventive care". It is conducted in the form of a project and is based on the principle of so-called active teaching methods.},
}
@article {pmid35550083,
year = {2022},
author = {Milbank, C and Vira, B},
title = {Wildmeat consumption and zoonotic spillover: contextualising disease emergence and policy responses.},
journal = {The Lancet. Planetary health},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {e439-e448},
doi = {10.1016/S2542-5196(22)00064-X},
pmid = {35550083},
issn = {2542-5196},
abstract = {Zoonotic diseases are estimated to constitute 75% of all emerging infectious diseases, of which more than 70% come from wild species. The potential threat of zoonotic spillover from the consumption of wildmeat has been the subject of policy and media attention, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known about the actual conditions that contribute to the risk of spillover and associated disease transmission. In this Review, we compile existing evidence from available literature on the conditions of spillover associated with wildmeat consumption, including the types of wild animal and disease, modes of transmission, and the conditions in which spillover is thought to have occurred. We suggest that stronger understanding of the context of spillover from wildmeat is needed to enable more targeted and effective policy responses that reduce the risk of future pandemics of zoonotic origin. Such interventions could also lead to the avoidance of unintended adverse consequences for human communities that rely on wild produce, including wildmeat, as sources of dietary protein, fat, and micronutrients.},
}
@article {pmid35549373,
year = {2022},
author = {Savedchuk, S and Raslan, R and Nystrom, S and Sparks, MA},
title = {Emerging Viral Infections and the Potential Impact on Hypertension, Cardiovascular Disease, and Kidney Disease.},
journal = {Circulation research},
volume = {130},
number = {10},
pages = {1618-1641},
doi = {10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.122.320873},
pmid = {35549373},
issn = {1524-4571},
abstract = {Viruses are ubiquitous in the environment and continue to have a profound impact on human health and disease. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted this with impressive morbidity and mortality affecting the world's population. Importantly, the link between viruses and hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease has resulted in a renewed focus and attention on this potential relationship. The virus responsible for COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, has a direct link to one of the major enzymatic regulatory systems connected to blood pressure control and hypertension pathogenesis, the renin-angiotensin system. This is because the entry point for SARS-CoV-2 is the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) protein. ACE2 is one of the main enzymes responsible for dampening the primary effector peptide Ang II (angiotensin II), metabolizing it to Ang-(1-7). A myriad of clinical questions has since emerged and are covered in this review. Several other viruses have been linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and kidney health. Importantly, patients with high-risk apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) alleles are at risk for developing the kidney lesion of collapsing glomerulopathy after viral infection. This review will highlight several emerging viruses and their potential unique tropisms for the kidney and cardiovascular system. We focus on SARS-CoV-2 as this body of literature in regards to cardiovascular disease has advanced significantly since the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35549259,
year = {2022},
author = {Avalon, NE and Nafie, J and De Marco Verissimo, C and Warrensford, LC and Dietrick, SG and Pittman, AR and Young, RM and Kearns, FL and Smalley, T and Binning, JM and Dalton, JP and Johnson, MP and Woodcock, HL and Allcock, AL and Baker, BJ},
title = {Tuaimenal A, a Meroterpene from the Irish Deep-Sea Soft Coral Duva florida, Displays Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Enzyme.},
journal = {Journal of natural products},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c00054},
pmid = {35549259},
issn = {1520-6025},
abstract = {Cold water benthic environments are a prolific source of structurally diverse molecules with a range of bioactivities against human disease. Specimens of a previously chemically unexplored soft coral, Duva florida, were collected during a deep-sea cruise that sampled marine invertebrates along the Irish continental margin in 2018. Tuaimenal A (1), a cyclized merosesquiterpenoid representing a new carbon scaffold with a highly substituted chromene core, was discovered through exploration of the soft coral secondary metabolome via NMR-guided fractionation. The absolute configuration was determined through vibrational circular dichroism. Functional biochemical assays and in silico docking experiments found tuaimenal A selectively inhibits the viral main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid35548685,
year = {2022},
author = {Gou, Q and Zhu, F and Xie, K and Li, Y and Xie, Y},
title = {Response to COVID-19 in the Central African Republic: Coping Strategies Combined With China's Experience.},
journal = {International journal of public health},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {1604344},
doi = {10.3389/ijph.2022.1604344},
pmid = {35548685},
issn = {1661-8564},
abstract = {Objectives: The weak health system, domestic political unrest, poverty, and many other factors in the Central African Republic (CAR) have left the country underprepared for the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in a greater health threat to the entire country. Rapid measures must therefore be taken to prevent the further spread of COVID-19. Methods: This work encompassed a review of relevant literature. We aim to analyze how far Chinese COVID measures can be transferred to the context of the CAR. Results: We argue that the measure that the CAR can learn from China's success is the involvement of community workers and that greater investment in this model may be the optimal solution. Help from the international community is urgently needed. Conclusion: The CAR can benefit from China's successful experience in fighting the epidemic, but the disparity in the combined power of the two countries does not allow for simple replication of China's strategy.},
}
@article {pmid35548526,
year = {2022},
author = {Feinstein, D},
title = {Uses of Energy Psychology Following Catastrophic Events.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {856209},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2022.856209},
pmid = {35548526},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Energy psychology, as most widely practiced, integrates the manual stimulation of acupuncture points with imaginal exposure, cognitive restructuring, and other evidence-based psychotherapeutic procedures. Efficacy for energy psychology protocols has been established in more than 120 clinical trials, with meta-analyses showing strong effect sizes for PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The approach has been applied in the wake of natural and human-made disasters in more than 30 countries. Four tiers of energy psychology interventions following the establishment of safety, trust, and rapport are described, including (1) immediate relief/stabilization, (2) reducing limbic arousal to trauma-based triggers, (3) overcoming complex psychological difficulties, and (4) promoting optimal functioning. The first tier is most pertinent in psychological first aid immediately following a disaster, with the subsequent tiers progressively being introduced over time with complex stress reactions and chronic disorders. Advantages of adding the stimulation of acupuncture points to a conventional exposure approach are identified, and challenges around cultural sensitivities and unintended effects are discussed. After establishing a framework for introducing energy psychology in disaster relief efforts, reports from a sampling of settings are presented, based on interviews with this paper's author. These include accounts of relief work with survivors of mass shootings, genocide, ethnic warfare, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, wildfires, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Hundreds of other reports from the field show a pattern of strong outcomes following the use of energy psychology in the days or weeks after a disaster and in the subsequent treatment of trauma-based psychological problems. Many of these accounts corroborate one another in terms of rapid relief and long-term benefits. Finally, examples of more efficient delivery methods utilizing large groups, lay counselors, digital technology, and cultivating community resilience are presented.},
}
@article {pmid35548347,
year = {2022},
author = {Xu, L and Yang, CS and Liu, Y and Zhang, X},
title = {Effective Regulation of Gut Microbiota With Probiotics and Prebiotics May Prevent or Alleviate COVID-19 Through the Gut-Lung Axis.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {895193},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2022.895193},
pmid = {35548347},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can disrupt the gut microbiota balance, and patients usually have intestinal disorders. The intestine is the largest immune organ of the human body, and gut microbes can affect the immune function of the lungs through the gut-lung axis. Many lines of evidence support the role of beneficial bacteria in enhancing human immunity, preventing pathogen colonization, and thereby reducing the incidence and severity of infection. In this article, we review the possible approach of modulating microbiota to help prevent and treat respiratory tract infections, including COVID-19, and discuss the possibility of using probiotics and prebiotics for this purpose. We also discuss the mechanism by which intestinal micro-flora regulate immunity and the effects of probiotics on the intestinal micro-ecological balance. Based on this understanding, we propose the use of probiotics and prebiotics to modulate gut microbiota for the prevention or alleviation of COVID-19 through the gut-lung axis.},
}
@article {pmid35548084,
year = {2022},
author = {Dadich, A and Mellick Lopes, A},
title = {Leadership During a Pandemic: A Lexical Analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {783337},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2022.783337},
pmid = {35548084},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {To manage pandemics, like COVID-19, leadership can enable health services to weather the storm. Yet there is limited clarity on how leadership manifested and was discussed in the literature during COVID-19. This can have considerable public health implications given the importance of leadership in the health sector. This article addresses this missed opportunity by examining the literature on leadership during a pandemic. Following a systematic search of nine academic databases in May 2021, 1,747 publications were screened. Following this, a lexical analysis of the results section was conducted, sourced from a corpus of publications across myriad journals. The results found a prevalence of references to "leader" as a sole actor, risking the perpetuation of a view that critical decisions emanate from a singular source. Moreover, "leadership" was a concept disconnected from the fray of frontline workers, patients, and teams. This suggests a strong need for more diverse vocabularies and conceptions that reflect the "messiness" of leadership as it takes shape in relation to the challenges and uncertainties of COVID-19. There is a considerable opportunity to advance scholarship on leadership via further empirical studies that help to clarify different approaches to lead teams and organizations during a pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35547836,
year = {2022},
author = {Chisita, CT and Ngulube, P},
title = {A framework for librarians to inform the citizenry during disasters: Reflections on the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {1197},
doi = {10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1197},
pmid = {35547836},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {Globally, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has wreaked havoc on human lives and socio-economic activities at an unimaginable scale. African countries have not been spared from this debacle - as evidenced by media reports of loss of lives, lockdown, isolation and desolation coupled with loss of livelihood. Whilst the COVID-19 pandemic rages, libraries find themselves at the epicentre of an unprecedented crisis in the form of an information deluge that requires a multi-thronged approach to ensure information hygienic practices in information management. In order to fight COVID-19, librarians and related information professionals with relevant tools should aim at helping prevent COVID-19 pandemic infodemic (coroinfodeluge). This article explores how libraries and librarians can contribute to the fight against COVID-19 through waging wars in the realm of access to information amidst an avalanche of disinformation. This article analysed how librarians can be proactive in contributing to the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic through innovative strategies that ensure an informed citizenry. The study used qualitative content analysis as the study design. Documents were retrieved from trusted websites and they were coded before analysis. These documents included legal instruments, scholarly publications from accredited databases including Elsevier and Emerald. The study found out that librarians were not included in the national programmes to manage the COVID-19 pandemic, yet they possess potential to contribute to the fight against misinformation by educating citizens on information hygienic practices, for example, by directing users to credible or trustworthy sources on the pandemic. The study concluded that librarians can be useful stakeholders to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic and infodemic because they possess knowledge and skills relating to critical literacies that are needed in the 21st century. It recommends a collaborative framework that includes community leaders and strategic partners - to help librarians ensure that the citizenry is not misinformed during emergencies.},
}
@article {pmid35547835,
year = {2022},
author = {Ichsan, M},
title = {Handling natural hazards in Indonesia amid the COVID-19 pandemic: Muhammadiyah's response and strategy.},
journal = {Jamba (Potchefstroom, South Africa)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {1254},
doi = {10.4102/jamba.v14i1.1254},
pmid = {35547835},
issn = {1996-1421},
abstract = {Indonesia is prone to natural hazards, which have continued to occur even during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Therefore, this study explored the response and strategy employed by Muhammadiyah, one of Indonesia's moderate Islamic organisations, in dealing with natural hazards during this pandemic. A qualitative descriptive method was used in this study, and the data collection procedure involved finding related literature, reports, and decrees. Online interviews were also conducted with the Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center (MDMC) administration to strengthen the data. Subsequently, this study discovered that Muhammadiyah responded by aiding victims of natural hazards, which occurred in various regions in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strategies employed comprise Muhammadiyah COVID-19 Command Center (MCCC) to handle COVID-19, alongside essential recommendations to the MDMC network throughout Indonesia and the various arms of the government for dealing with natural hazards during the pandemic. Also, it showed commitment to handling these hazards by establishing a standard operating procedure for Muhammadiyah volunteers and represented Indonesia during a presentation at the World Health Organization.},
}
@article {pmid35547737,
year = {2022},
author = {Bartolomé, F and Rosa, L and Valenti, P and Lopera, F and Hernández-Gallego, J and Cantero, JL and Orive, G and Carro, E},
title = {Lactoferrin as Immune-Enhancement Strategy for SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Alzheimer's Disease Patients.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {878201},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2022.878201},
pmid = {35547737},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) (COVID-19) causes severe acute respiratory syndrome. Severe illness of COVID-19 largely occurs in older people and recent evidence indicates that demented patients have higher risk for COVID-19. Additionally, COVID-19 further enhances the vulnerability of older adults with cognitive damage. A balance between the immune and inflammatory response is necessary to control the infection. Thus, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs are hopeful therapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19. Accumulating evidence suggests that lactoferrin (Lf) is active against SARS-CoV-2, likely due to its potent antiviral and anti-inflammatory actions that ultimately improves immune system responses. Remarkably, salivary Lf levels are significantly reduced in different Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages, which may reflect AD-related immunological disturbances, leading to reduced defense mechanisms against viral pathogens and an increase of the COVID-19 susceptibility. Overall, there is an urgent necessity to protect AD patients against COVID-19, decreasing the risk of viral infections. In this context, we propose bovine Lf (bLf) as a promising preventive therapeutic tool to minimize COVID-19 risk in patients with dementia or AD.},
}
@article {pmid35547647,
year = {2022},
author = {Hamrouni, AM and Sharif, RS and Sharif, SI and Hassanein, MM and Abduelkarem, AR},
title = {Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic on Geopolitics, Health, Economics, Education and Sociocultural Events.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {935-943},
doi = {10.2147/RMHP.S362337},
pmid = {35547647},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {The number of active cases of COVID-19 and deaths is markedly escalating. The pandemic had affected almost every aspect of our lives including geopolitics, health, economics, education, and sociocultural events. However, besides the negative impacts of the pandemic, there are some positive impacts as well, such as improving our awareness of the daily hygienic practices, emphasizing digital inequality, and increasing global collaboration in combating the crisis by intensifying scientific research to establish a promising vaccine. Other positive impacts are the activation and use of online education, also raising awareness about close family relationships and much more. This review addresses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on various important aspects of life.},
}
@article {pmid35547642,
year = {2022},
author = {Caretta, A and Mucignat-Caretta, C},
title = {Not Only COVID-19: Involvement of Multiple Chemosensory Systems in Human Diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in neural circuits},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {862005},
doi = {10.3389/fncir.2022.862005},
pmid = {35547642},
issn = {1662-5110},
abstract = {Chemosensory systems are deemed marginal in human pathology. In appraising their role, we aim at suggesting a paradigm shift based on the available clinical and experimental data that will be discussed. Taste and olfaction are polymodal sensory systems, providing inputs to many brain structures that regulate crucial visceral functions, including metabolism but also endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, and immune systems. Moreover, other visceral chemosensory systems monitor different essential chemical parameters of "milieu intérieur," transmitting their data to the brain areas receiving taste and olfactory inputs; hence, they participate in regulating the same vital functions. These chemosensory cells share many molecular features with olfactory or taste receptor cells, thus they may be affected by the same pathological events. In most COVID-19 patients, taste and olfaction are disturbed. This may represent only a small portion of a broadly diffuse chemosensory incapacitation. Indeed, many COVID-19 peculiar symptoms may be explained by the impairment of visceral chemosensory systems, for example, silent hypoxia, diarrhea, and the "cytokine storm". Dysregulation of chemosensory systems may underlie the much higher mortality rate of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) compared to ARDSs of different origins. In chronic non-infectious diseases like hypertension, diabetes, or cancer, the impairment of taste and/or olfaction has been consistently reported. This may signal diffuse chemosensory failure, possibly worsening the prognosis of these patients. Incapacitation of one or few chemosensory systems has negligible effects on survival under ordinary life conditions but, under stress, like metabolic imbalance or COVID-19 pneumonia, the impairment of multiple chemosensory systems may lead to dire consequences during the course of the disease.},
}
@article {pmid35547540,
year = {2022},
author = {Ruvinsky, S and Voto, C and Roel, M and Fustiñana, A and Veliz, N and Brizuela, M and Rodriguez, S and Ulloa-Gutierrez, R and Bardach, A},
title = {Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome Temporally Related to COVID-19 in Children From Latin America and the Caribbean Region: A Systematic Review With a Meta-Analysis of Data From Regional Surveillance Systems.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {881765},
doi = {10.3389/fped.2022.881765},
pmid = {35547540},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {Background: With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, increasing numbers of cases of the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) have been reported worldwide; however, it is unclear whether this syndrome has a differential pattern in children from Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and outcome characteristics of patients with MIS-C in LAC countries.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in the main electronic databases and scientific meetings from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2021. Available reports on epidemiological surveillance of countries in the region during the same period were analyzed.
Results: Of the 464 relevant studies identified, 23 were included with 592 patients with MIS-C from LAC. Mean age was 6.6 years (IQR, 6-7.4 years); 60% were male. The most common clinical manifestations were fever, rash, and conjunctival injection; 59% showed Kawasaki disease. Pool proportion of shock was 52%. A total of 47% of patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU), 23% required mechanical ventilation, and 74% required vasoactive drugs. Intravenous gamma globulin alone was administered in 87% of patients, and in combination with steroids in 60% of cases. Length of hospital stay was 10 days (IQR, 9-10) and PICU stay 5.75 (IQR, 5-6). Overall case fatality ratio was 4% and for those hospitalized in the PICU it was 7%.
Conclusion: Limited information was available on the clinical outcomes. Improvements in the surveillance system are required to obtain a better epidemiologic overview in the region.},
}
@article {pmid35547442,
year = {2022},
author = {Yarlagadda, H and Patel, MA and Gupta, V and Bansal, T and Upadhyay, S and Shaheen, N and Jain, R},
title = {COVID-19 Vaccine Challenges in Developing and Developed Countries.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e23951},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.23951},
pmid = {35547442},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to significant psychological and economical distress. Within a year after COVID-19 was declared a pandemic, several vaccines against COVID-19 were approved for emergency use. The journey from vaccine discovery to global herd immunity against COVID-19 continues to present significant challenges revolving around its development, affordability, accessibility, and acceptability at both a country level and an individual level. The main challenge faced by developed countries is the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine and the main challenge faced by developing countries is the affordability and accessibility of the COVID-19 vaccine.},
}
@article {pmid35547422,
year = {2022},
author = {Egbaria, JK and Kofskey, AM and Boyd, CJ and Wagener, B},
title = {Anesthesiology Articles Published in 2020: A Review and Characterization of COVID-19 Versus Non-COVID-19 Publications in Top Anesthesiology Journals.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e23943},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.23943},
pmid = {35547422},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on the practice of medicine worldwide, particularly in anesthesiology. As the clinical realm has rapidly adjusted to the realities of the pandemic, anesthesiology literature has also changed significantly to reflect this. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effects the COVID-19 pandemic has had on anesthesiology literature. Specifically, it was hypothesized that the COVID-19-related literature in the anesthesiology community would gain more interest than non-COVID-19-related articles. A total of 15 anesthesiology-related journals with the highest impact factor in 2019, according to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR), were selected for data collection. An advanced PubMed search identified 5,722 COVID-19-related articles published by these journals in 2020. Next, articles with titles including "corona," "COVID," "COVID-19," "pandemic," "SARS," or "SARS-CoV-2" were selected for inclusion in the study, which resulted in 676 (12%) articles. A Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess the Altmetric score, which is a weighted calculation of the attention an article receives online, for COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 articles. Articles were then further characterized across multiple different variables, including country of origin, month published, type of article, and subspecialty of anesthesiology it pertained to. Of the 15 journals investigated, 676 (12%) articles of the 5,722 total articles published were found to be COVID-19-related material. The majority of the articles were found to be published in April (18%), May (19.5%), and June (14%). The majority of these articles were related either to general anesthesia (operating room anesthesiology that is not tied to a particular subspecialty fellowship track) (48%) or critical care (39%). By article type, most were determined to be editorial (71%) in nature, followed by original research articles (21%), of which most were cross-sectional (55%) studies. When compared with non-COVID-19-related articles, COVID-19-related articles had a significantly greater Altmetric score (29.518 versus 8.6333, p < 0.001). Of the COVID-19-related articles, original articles had the greatest Altmetric score, when compared to editorials and guidelines (54.794 versus 20.777 versus 40.643, p < 0.002). The response of the academic anesthesiology community to the COVID-19 pandemic was strong and timely, with a particularly strong focus on critical care anesthesia. The impact of the pandemic was strongly felt by the anesthesiology community, and their timely response served to guide our country and world through an incredibly challenging time. The pandemic highlighted the value of anesthesiologists worldwide, not only in the operating room setting but particularly as critical care physicians.},
}
@article {pmid35547394,
year = {2022},
author = {Matin, MM and Matin, P and Rahman, MR and Ben Hadda, T and Almalki, FA and Mahmud, S and Ghoneim, MM and Alruwaily, M and Alshehri, S},
title = {Triazoles and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {864286},
doi = {10.3389/fmolb.2022.864286},
pmid = {35547394},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Structurally, there are two types of five-membered triazoles: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accommodate a broad range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures and pave the way for the construction of diverse novel bioactive molecules. Both the triazoles and their derivatives have significant biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities. These are also important in organocatalysis, agrochemicals, and materials science. Thus, they have a broad range of therapeutic applications with ever-widening future scope across scientific disciplines. However, adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and hormonal problems lead to a careful revision of the azole family to obtain higher efficacy with minimum side effects. This review focuses on the structural features, synthesis, and notable therapeutic applications of triazoles and related compounds.},
}
@article {pmid35547235,
year = {2022},
author = {Tamayo-Velasco, Á and Peñarrubia-Ponce, MJ and Álvarez, FJ and de la Fuente, I and Pérez-González, S and Andaluz-Ojeda, D},
title = {ABO Blood System and COVID-19 Susceptibility: Anti-A and Anti-B Antibodies Are the Key Points.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {882477},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2022.882477},
pmid = {35547235},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The implication of the ABO blood group in COVID-19 disease was formulated early, at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic more than 2 years ago. It has now been established that the A blood group is associated with more susceptibility and severe symptoms of COVID-19, while the O blood group shows protection against viral infection. In this review, we summarize the underlying pathophysiology of ABO blood groups and COVID-19 to explain the molecular aspects behind the protective mechanism in the O blood group. A or B antigens are not associated with a different risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection than that of other antigens. In this case, the cornerstone is natural anti-A and anti-B antibodies from the ABO system. They are capable of interfering with the S protein (SARS-CoV-2) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2; host cell receptor), thereby conferring protection to patients with sufficient antibodies (O blood group). Indeed, the titers of natural antibodies and the IgG isotype (specific to the O blood group) may be determinants of susceptibility and severity. Moreover, older adults are associated with a higher risk of bad outcomes due to the lack of antibodies and the upregulation of ACE2 expression during senescence. A better understanding of the role of the molecular mechanism of ABO blood groups in COVID-19 facilitates better prognostic stratification of the disease. Furthermore, it could represent an opportunity for new therapeutic strategies.},
}
@article {pmid35546380,
year = {2022},
author = {Abdolrahimzadeh, S and Lodesani, M and Rullo, D and Mariani, A and Scuderi, G},
title = {Overview of the retina and imaging in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.},
journal = {International ophthalmology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35546380},
issn = {1573-2630},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The role of the human eye in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is still under investigation. The pathophysiology of the ocular findings is arduous when dealing with critically ill Covid-19 patients with comorbidities. Multiorgan involvement and the effects of inflammation, infection and systemic treatment on the retina are complex, and comparison of studies is difficult. Most studies in human patients have investigated the anterior segment, whereas few reports deal with the posterior segment of the eye. The present review aims to evaluate the retinal manifestations and imaging features in COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: Studies on the retinal manifestations and retinal imaging in COVID-19 patients published through June 2021 were reviewed. We included cross-sectional and case-control studies, case series, case reports and correspondence in the analysis.
RESULTS: Flame-shaped hemorrhages, cotton wool spots, augmented diameter and tortuosity of retinal vessels were found on funduscopic examination. Peripapillary, macular retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer thickness alterations were reported on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Reduced vessel density of the superficial and deep retinal capillary plexus on optical coherence tomography angiography was reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Retinal complications may arise in COVID-19 patients. Although no consensus on presentation is currently available, retinal funduscopy and imaging has shown neuronal and vascular alterations. Systemic neurological complications and microangiopathy are associated with SARS-COV-2; thus, as the retina has a neuronal and vascular component, funduscopy and retinal imaging on COVID-19 patients can provide further insight to SARS-COV-2 disease and the follow-up of patients.},
}
@article {pmid35545780,
year = {2022},
author = {Sampaio Rocha-Filho, PA},
title = {Headache associated with COVID-19: Epidemiology, characteristics, pathophysiology, and management.},
journal = {Headache},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/head.14319},
pmid = {35545780},
issn = {1526-4610},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To review data regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, characteristics, and management of COVID-19-associated headache. The persistence of headache after the acute phase of COVID-19 was also reviewed.
BACKGROUND: Headache is a frequent symptom of COVID-19, and understanding its management is important for health-care professionals involved in treating the disease.
METHOD: This is a narrative review. A literature review was conducted in the PubMed database with the following terms: "headache" and "COVID-19." All articles written in English that were considered relevant were included.
RESULTS: Half of the patients who have COVID-19 present with headache, which occurs more frequently in younger patients; in those with previous primary headache or with previous migraine; and in those who have concomitantly presented with anosmia, ageusia, and myalgia. The headache usually begins early in the symptomatic phase, is bilateral, moderate to severe, and has a similar pattern to tension-type headache. All studies found the migraine pattern and the tension-type headache pattern to be frequent patterns. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms include direct viral injury, the inflammatory process, hypoxemia, coagulopathy, and endothelial involvement. Common analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most commonly used drugs for headache in the acute phase of COVID-19. The headache may persist beyond the acute phase, and in such cases, there is an improvement over time. However, not all patients' headaches improve. It seems to be a greater proportion of patients whose headache improves in the first 3 months after the acute phase of the disease than after this period. COVID-19 may trigger new daily persistent headache.
CONCLUSIONS: Headache is a clinically significant symptom of COVID-19. Although its characteristics in the acute phase of the disease are already well known, there is a need for studies on its management and persistence.},
}
@article {pmid35545971,
year = {2022},
author = {Keyes, B and McCombe, G and Broughan, J and Frawley, T and Guerandel, A and Gulati, G and Kelly, BD and Osborne, B and O'Connor, K and Cullen, W},
title = {Enhancing GP care of mental health disorders post-COVID-19: a scoping review of interventions and outcomes.},
journal = {Irish journal of psychological medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1017/ipm.2022.17},
pmid = {35545971},
issn = {2051-6967},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Considerable literature has examined the COVID-19 pandemic's negative mental health sequelae. It is recognised that most people experiencing mental health problems present to primary care and the development of interventions to support GPs in the care of patients with mental health problems is a priority. This review examines interventions to enhance GP care of mental health disorders, with a view to reviewing how mental health needs might be addressed in the post-COVID-19 era.
METHODS: Five electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and WHO 'Global Research on COVID-19') were searched from May - July 2021 for papers published in English following Arksey and O'Malley's six-stage scoping review process.
RESULTS: The initial search identified 148 articles and a total of 29 were included in the review. These studies adopted a range of methodologies, most commonly randomised control trials, qualitative interviews and surveys. Results from included studies were divided into themes: Interventions to improve identification of mental health disorders, Interventions to support GPs, Therapeutic interventions, Telemedicine Interventions and Barriers and Facilitators to Intervention Implementation. Outcome measures reported included the Seven-item Generalised Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 'The Patient Global Impression of Change Scale'.
CONCLUSION: With increasing recognition of the mental health sequelae of COVID-19, there is a lack of large scale trials researching the acceptability or effectiveness of general practice interventions. Furthermore there is a lack of research regarding possible biological interventions (psychiatric medications) for mental health problems arising from the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35537830,
year = {2022},
author = {Zhang, SH and Li, JY and Zhang, J},
title = {[Challenges of maintaining malaria elimination in China: Cross-border malaria].},
journal = {Zhongguo xue xi chong bing fang zhi za zhi = Chinese journal of schistosomiasis control},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {115-116},
doi = {10.16250/j.32.1374.2022064},
pmid = {35537830},
issn = {1005-6661},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; China/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Malaria/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Organizations ; Travel ; },
abstract = {China was certificated malaria-free by WHO in 2021 and has continued to maintain malaria elimination. However, there are still huge challenges in malaria control in the border regions between Yunnan Province, China and Myanmar due to lack of geographic barriers and frequent cross-border travel. Hereby, we review the direction contributions of the Global Fund Malaria Program implemented by Health Poverty Action (HPA), an international non-governmental organization (NGO), to malaria elimination in China, and analyze the challenges of malaria control caused by external environmental factors, such as COVID-19, in regions where the Global Fund Malaria Program is implemented. In addition, some suggestions are proposed for cross-border collaboration on malaria control.},
}
@article {pmid35537132,
year = {2022},
author = {Savorgnan, F and Acosta, S and Alali, A and Moreira, A and Annapragada, A and Rusin, CG and Flores, S and Loomba, RS and Moreira, A},
title = {Social and Demographic Disparities in the Severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {41},
number = {6},
pages = {e256-e258},
pmid = {35537132},
issn = {1532-0987},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications ; Child ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units ; Residence Characteristics ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Social constructs are known risk factors for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. A review of 206 patients demonstrated that children who were non-Hispanic Black, over the age of 12 years or living in a disadvantaged neighborhood associated with severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (intensive care unit admission, intubation and/or vasopressor use).},
}
@article {pmid35485825,
year = {2022},
author = {Kurashova, NA and Dashiev, BG and Kolesnikov, SI and Kolesnikova, LI},
title = {[Male reproductive health and COVID-19].},
journal = {Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999)},
volume = {},
number = {2},
pages = {122-125},
pmid = {35485825},
issn = {1728-2985},
mesh = {COVID-19/*complications/epidemiology/physiopathology/virology ; Genital Diseases, Male/epidemiology/physiopathology/*virology ; Genitalia, Male/*physiopathology/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Reproductive Health ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; },
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought serious economic and social problems worldwide'. Due to its medical consequences, it is of importance to study the mechanisms of the disease and new therapeutic interventions, as well as rehabilitation processes. Despite the fact that the genome of the new coronavirus has been sequenced and studied, clinical and epidemiological data are constantly updated and analyzed, and exact pathogenesis has not yet been understood. At the same time, domestic and foreign studies suggest that the virus is an agent that affects not only the lungs, vascular wall, hemostasis, but also the reproductive system. The aim of the review is to summarize the current knowledge about novel SARS-CoV-2, including its pathophysiology and potential impact on male reproductive function.},
}
@article {pmid35446471,
year = {2022},
author = {Dix, C and McFadyen, J and Huang, A and Chunilal, S and Chen, V and Tran, H},
title = {Understanding vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT).},
journal = {Internal medicine journal},
volume = {52},
number = {5},
pages = {717-723},
doi = {10.1111/imj.15783},
pmid = {35446471},
issn = {1445-5994},
support = {APP2015305//NHMRC - Medical Research Future Fund (MRFF)/ ; APP1161499//National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship/ ; },
mesh = {Anticoagulants/adverse effects ; *COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; Humans ; Platelet Factor 4/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced ; *Thrombosis/chemically induced/complications ; *Vaccines/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a rare, but serious, syndrome characterised by thrombocytopenia, thrombosis, a markedly raised D-dimer and the presence of anti-platelet factor-4 (PF4) antibodies following COVID-19 adenovirus vector vaccination. VITT occurs at a rate of approximately 2 per 100 000 first-dose vaccinations and appears exceedingly rare following second doses. Our current understanding of VITT pathogenesis is based on the observations that patients with VITT have antibodies that bind to PF4 and have the ability to form immune complexes that induce potent platelet activation. However, the precise mechanisms that lead to pathogenic VITT antibody development remain a source of active investigation. Thrombosis in VITT can manifest in any vascular bed and affect multiple sites simultaneously. While there is a predilection for splanchnic and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis, VITT also commonly presents with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pillars of management include anticoagulation with a non-heparin anticoagulant, intravenous immunoglobulin and 'rescue' therapies, such as plasma exchange for severe cases. VITT can be associated with a high mortality rate and significant morbidity, but awareness and optimal therapy have significantly improved outcomes in Australia. A number of questions remain unanswered, including why VITT is so rare, reasons for the predilection for thrombosis in unusual sites, how long pathological antibodies persist, and the optimal duration of anticoagulation. This review will provide an overview of the presentation, diagnostic workup and management strategies for patients with VITT.},
}
@article {pmid35400161,
year = {2022},
author = {Shou, X and Wang, Y and Jia, Q and Shi, J and Zhang, X and Shi, S and Shi, SQ and Yuan, G and Chai, R and Xue, W and Yang, Y and Duan, C and Hu, Y},
title = {Knowledge domain and emerging trends in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: a scientometric review based on CiteSpace analysis.},
journal = {Annals of palliative medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {1505-1517},
doi = {10.21037/apm-21-2645},
pmid = {35400161},
issn = {2224-5839},
mesh = {*Atrial Fibrillation ; *COVID-19 ; Germany ; Humans ; Prognosis ; *Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy/diagnosis/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is often acute with a high mortality rate and is subject to relapse. Meanwhile, its complex pathogenesis has attracted increasing attention. To learn more about TTC, CiteSpace V.5.7 R5W was used in this study to analyze the research status, hot spots, and trends in TTC before 2020. The keywords, co-citation references, as well as country and institution distribution were explored. A total of 2,349 papers were reviewed. The United States, Italy, and Germany were the main countries studying TTC and had good cooperation relationships. The Mayo Clinic topped the institution list, but the rate of inter-institutional cooperation was not high. Research hotspots include disease features, auxiliary diagnostic methods, epidemiology, and pathophysiological mechanisms, and the latest ones are complications related to prognosis, such as cardiovascular abnormalities caused by myocardial infarction and normal or non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA), atrial fibrillation, stroke, cancer, and COVID-19. In conclusion, the research of TTC is in a hot development period. Our research will help clinicians and researchers to better understand TTC and its research status by providing a foundation for research objectives. In doing this, our research will help to provide better scientific management, diagnosis, and treatment for patients with TTC, which will in turn improve the prognosis of this condition.},
}
@article {pmid35288022,
year = {2022},
author = {Ogawa, E and Goto, H and Ushimaru, H and Matsuo, A and Takeda, S and Nishimura, R and Hondo, T and Takahashi, T},
title = {Vaginal delivery after improvement in COVID-19 by monoclonal antibody treatment: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy},
volume = {28},
number = {7},
pages = {982-986},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiac.2022.02.023},
pmid = {35288022},
issn = {1437-7780},
mesh = {Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; *COVID-19/drug therapy ; Delivery, Obstetric/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pregnancy ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis ; Pregnancy Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic persists, pregnant women have been increasingly affected worldwide. Women during the last trimester of pregnancy are susceptible to severe COVID-19, and there are many challenges towards its treatment. Monoclonal antibody treatment (MAT) is approved for COVID-19 patients to reduce disease severity. However, there are few reports on the MAT in perinatal women. Herein, we report a 39-year-old pregnant female (36 weeks and 6 days of gestation) with improvement in COVID-19 pneumonia after treatment with casiribimab/imdevimab, resulting in successful vaginal delivery (a 2.868 kg male newborn), along with a literature review. Early diagnosis and treatment of pregnant women with COVID-19 are important. Infectious diseases doctors and/or obstetricians should be aware of the MAT option administered to perinatal COVID-19 women to reduce disease severity.},
}
@article {pmid34756118,
year = {2022},
author = {Hamilton, JL and Nesi, J and Choukas-Bradley, S},
title = {Reexamining Social Media and Socioemotional Well-Being Among Adolescents Through the Lens of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Theoretical Review and Directions for Future Research.},
journal = {Perspectives on psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science},
volume = {17},
number = {3},
pages = {662-679},
pmid = {34756118},
issn = {1745-6924},
support = {K01 MH121584/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; K23 MH122669/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; L30 MH117642/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Adolescent ; *Adolescent Behavior ; *COVID-19 ; Communication ; Humans ; Pandemics ; *Social Media ; },
abstract = {Social media has rapidly transformed the ways in which adolescents socialize and interact with the world, which has contributed to ongoing public debate about whether social media is helping or harming adolescents. The COVID-19 pandemic has magnified both the challenges and opportunities of adolescents' social-media use, which necessitates revisiting the conversation around teens and social media. In this article, we discuss key aspects of adolescent social-media use and socioemotional well-being and outline how these issues may be amplified in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We use this as a springboard to outline key future research directions for the field, with the goal of moving away from reductionist approaches and toward a more nuanced perspective to understand the who, what, and when of social-media use and its impact on adolescent well-being. We conclude with a commentary on how psychological science can inform the translation of research to provide evidence-based recommendations for adolescent social-media use.},
}
@article {pmid34720026,
year = {2022},
author = {Nair, AG and Dave, TV},
title = {Transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B in rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis: a review.},
journal = {Orbit (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {41},
number = {3},
pages = {275-286},
doi = {10.1080/01676830.2021.1990351},
pmid = {34720026},
issn = {1744-5108},
abstract = {Mucormycosis is an aggressive and potentially fatal invasive fungal infection. The most common form of mucormycosis is rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (ROCM). While it is commonly seen in immunocompromised patients, it is also known to affect healthy individuals. The global disease burden of ROCM has increased significantly following the surge in cases during the COVID-19 pandemic. Endoscopic sinus debridement, systemic antifungal therapy, and control of the underlying immunosuppressive condition are essential for the management of ROCM. Orbital involvement, however, presents a challenge to clinicians. Intervention strategies that have been described to treat orbital disease include orbital exenteration, conservative orbital debridement with or without irrigation with amphotericin B and transcutaneous retrobulbar injection of amphotericin B (TRAMB). Currently, there is a lack of clarity regarding the indications and outcomes of TRAMB as a treatment modality. In this review, the drug formulations used, the complications, and outcomes of previously described cases that have used TRAMB in cases of ROCM are discussed. Favorable outcomes following TRAMB depend on appropriate patient selection and radiological evidence of the orbital burden of the disease. This review aims to familiarize clinicians with objective parameters for patient selection for TRAMB, namely the extent of the disease, the clinical features, and radiological findings; viz. the clinical interpretation of areas of contrast uptake and those of necrosis. TRAMB can be considered as a viable option in select cases of orbital mucormycosis where exenteration or debridement are not indicated, or when there is limited orbital disease.},
}
@article {pmid34375150,
year = {2022},
author = {Fahey, E and Elsheikh, MFH and Davey, MS and Rowan, F and Cassidy, JT and Cleary, MS},
title = {Telemedicine in Orthopedic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Current Evidence.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {28},
number = {5},
pages = {613-635},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2021.0221},
pmid = {34375150},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered transformative changes in how clinicians interact with patients. There has been a shift toward virtual consultations. The evidence to support this change in practice is unclear. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence base for virtual consultations for orthopedics. Materials and Methods: Two independent reviewers performed a literature search based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, utilizing the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Only studies reporting outcomes following the use of telemedicine for diagnosis, consultation, rehabilitation, and follow-up were included. Outcomes analyzed were: (1) patient and clinician satisfaction, (2) clinical outcome measures, and (3) cost analysis of traditional versus teleconsultation. Results: A total of 41 studies were included. Fifteen studies compared clinical outcomes of telemedicine against a matched traditional cohort. Of these 15 studies, 2 demonstrated noninferiority, 9 showed no statistically significant difference, and 4 found telemedicine to be superior. Eleven studies recorded patient reported outcomes, which demonstrated high patient satisfaction. Nine studies reported decreased costs when telemedicine was compared to traditional care. The remaining six studies had varied aims and methodologies that didn't fit well with any of these subheadings. Discussion: While the available evidence is limited, the studies assessed here show that telemedicine can deliver high quality health care with good clinical outcomes and high patient satisfaction in a cost-effective manner. Our team thinks what this has highlighted is that communication technology is advancing rapidly and that we as a community of surgeons need to be able to adapt rapidly and adopt innovative technology to continue to improve patient experience and outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid34284839,
year = {2022},
author = {Sarfraz, A and Hasan Siddiqui, S and Iqbal, J and Ali, SA and Hasan, Z and Sarfraz, Z and Iqbal, NT},
title = {COVID-19 age-dependent immunology and clinical outcomes: implications for vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of developmental origins of health and disease},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {277-283},
doi = {10.1017/S2040174421000398},
pmid = {34284839},
issn = {2040-1752},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Understanding the evolution of the virus, and immune-pathogenic processes are critical for designing future therapeutic interventions. In this review, we collate information on the structure, genome, viral life cycle, and adult and pediatric host immune responses in response to SARS-CoV-2. The immunological responses are a prototype of the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) hypothesis to explain the socio-geographic differences impacting the severity and mortality rates in SARS-CoV-2 infections. The DOHaD hypothesis identifies the relevance of trained innate immunity, age groups, and geography for effective vaccinations. As COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out, it may be pertinent to assess population-based immunological responses to understand the effectiveness and safety across different populations and age groups.},
}
@article {pmid35545195,
year = {2022},
author = {Sendi, P and Razonable, RR and Nelson, SB and Soriano, A and Gandhi, RT},
title = {First-generation Oral Antivirals Against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2022.04.015},
pmid = {35545195},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Oral drugs against SARS-COV-2 have received emergency use authorization for the treatment of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 in nonhospitalized patients who are at high risk for clinical progression.
OBJECTIVES: To provide a clinical practice overview of first-generation oral antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
SOURCES: References for this review were identified through searches of PubMed, Google Scholar, bioRxiv, medRxiv, regulatory drug agencies, and pharmaceutical companies' websites up to 16 February 2022.
CONTENT: Molnupiravir and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir have been authorized for use in nonhospitalized individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 who are at high risk for progression. In clinical trials, molnupiravir reduced the frequency of hospitalization or death by 3% (relative risk reduction 30%), and nirmatrelvir/ritonavir by 6% (relative risk reduction 89%). Their use in clinical practice requires early administration, review of drug-drug interactions (nirmatrelvir/ritonavir), considerations of embryo-fetal toxicity (molnupiravir), and compliance with ingestion of a high number of pills. Knowledge gaps include the efficacy of these agents in vaccinated, hospitalized, or immunosuppressed individuals with prolonged SARS-CoV-2 persistence.
IMPLICATIONS: First-generation oral antivirals represent progress in therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2, but also pose new challenges in clinical practice. Further advances in the development of new drugs are required.},
}
@article {pmid35545143,
year = {2022},
author = {Jafry, AH and LaGrow, A and Akhtar, KH and Hacker, E and Russell, S and Kliewer, B and Asad, ZUA},
title = {Synthetic cannabinoids and ST elevation myocardial infarction: A case report and systematic review of the literature.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2022.05.001},
pmid = {35545143},
issn = {1538-2990},
abstract = {Synthetic cannabinoids cannot be detected on a standard urine drug screen (UDS), making them a convenient drug of abuse. We report the first case of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a young patient due to coronary artery thrombosis secondary to synthetic cannabinoid use and concurrent COVID-19 infection. A 38-year-old previously healthy male developed severe chest pain and was found to have anterior STEMI and COVID-19 infection. Coronary angiography showed acute thrombotic occlusion of the mid-left anterior descending artery that was managed with thrombectomy and stent placement. He only required supportive care for COVID-19. A comprehensive literature search revealed 34 additional cases of STEMI with synthetic cannabinoid use; majority were males (97%) with mean age of 29 years. 29 patients (85.3%) underwent coronary angiography and majority had left anterior descending artery (LAD) involvement (55%), with 13 (44.8%) undergoing stent placement. We highlight STEMI as a potentially lethal complication of synthetic cannabinoids; prompt angiography may be lifesaving.},
}
@article {pmid35545029,
year = {2022},
author = {Lockhart, A and Mucida, D and Parsa, R},
title = {Immunity to enteric viruses.},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {800-818},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.007},
pmid = {35545029},
issn = {1097-4180},
abstract = {Pathogenic enteric viruses are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among children in developing countries. The host response to enteric viruses occurs primarily within the mucosa, where the intestinal immune system must balance protection against pathogens with tissue protection and tolerance to harmless commensal bacteria and food. Here, we summarize current knowledge in natural immunity to enteric viruses, highlighting specialized features of the intestinal immune system. We further discuss how knowledge of intestinal anti-viral mechanisms can be translated into vaccine development with particular focus on immunization in the oral route. Research reveals that the intestine is a complex interface between enteric viruses and the host where environmental factors influence susceptibility and immunity to infection, while viral infections can have lasting implications for host health. A deeper mechanistic understanding of enteric anti-viral immunity with this broader context can ultimately lead to better vaccines for existing and emerging viruses.},
}
@article {pmid35545028,
year = {2022},
author = {Ampie, L and McGavern, DB},
title = {Immunological defense of CNS barriers against infections.},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {781-799},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.012},
pmid = {35545028},
issn = {1097-4180},
abstract = {Neuroanatomical barriers with physical, chemical, and immunological properties play an essential role in preventing the spread of peripheral infections into the CNS. A failure to contain pathogens within these barriers can result in very serious CNS diseases. CNS barriers are inhabited by an elaborate conglomerate of innate and adaptive immune cells that are highly responsive to environmental challenges. The CNS and its barriers can also be protected by memory T and B cells elicited by prior infection or vaccination. Here, we discuss the different CNS barriers from a developmental, anatomical, and immunological standpoint and summarize our current understanding of how memory cells protect the CNS compartment. We then discuss a contemporary challenge to CNS-barrier system (SARS-CoV-2 infection) and highlight approaches to promote immunological protection of the CNS via vaccination.},
}
@article {pmid35545027,
year = {2022},
author = {Mettelman, RC and Allen, EK and Thomas, PG},
title = {Mucosal immune responses to infection and vaccination in the respiratory tract.},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {749-780},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.013},
pmid = {35545027},
issn = {1097-4180},
abstract = {The lungs are constantly exposed to inhaled debris, allergens, pollutants, commensal or pathogenic microorganisms, and respiratory viruses. As a result, innate and adaptive immune responses in the respiratory tract are tightly regulated and are in continual flux between states of enhanced pathogen clearance, immune-modulation, and tissue repair. New single-cell-sequencing techniques are expanding our knowledge of airway cellular complexity and the nuanced connections between structural and immune cell compartments. Understanding these varied interactions is critical in treatment of human pulmonary disease and infections and in next-generation vaccine design. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune responses in the lung and airways following infection and vaccination, with particular focus on influenza virus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put pulmonary research firmly into the global spotlight, challenging previously held notions of respiratory immunity and helping identify new populations at high risk for respiratory distress.},
}
@article {pmid35545026,
year = {2022},
author = {Sette, A and Saphire, EO},
title = {Inducing broad-based immunity against viruses with pandemic potential.},
journal = {Immunity},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {738-748},
doi = {10.1016/j.immuni.2022.04.010},
pmid = {35545026},
issn = {1097-4180},
abstract = {The brutal toll of another viral pandemic can be blunted by investing now in research that uncovers mechanisms of broad-based immunity so we may have vaccines and therapeutics at the ready. We do not know exactly what pathogen may trigger the next wave or next pandemic. We do know, however, that the human immune system must respond and must be bolstered with effective vaccines and other therapeutics to preserve lives and livelihoods. These countermeasures must focus on features conserved among families of pathogens in order to be responsive against something yet to emerge. Here, we focus on immunological approaches to mitigate the impact of the next emerging virus pandemic by developing vaccines that elicit both broadly protective antibodies and T cells. Identifying human immune mechanisms of broad protection against virus families with pandemic potential will be our best defense for humanity in the future.},
}
@article {pmid35544976,
year = {2022},
author = {Firoz, A and Talwar, P},
title = {COVID-19 and retinal degenerative diseases: Promising link "Kaempferol".},
journal = {Current opinion in pharmacology},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {102231},
doi = {10.1016/j.coph.2022.102231},
pmid = {35544976},
issn = {1471-4973},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has caused unprecedented global disruption since 2020. Approximately 238 million people are affected worldwide where the elderly succumb to mortality. Post-COVID syndrome and its side effects have popped up with several health hazards, such as macular degeneration and vision loss. It thus necessitates better medical care and management of our dietary practices. Natural flavonoids have been included in traditional medicine and have also been used safely against COVID-19 and several other diseases. Kaempferol is an essential flavonoid that has been demonstrated to influence several vital cellular signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, angiogenesis, inflammation, and autophagy. In this review, we emphasize the plausible regulatory effects of Kaempferol on hallmarks of COVID-19 and macular degeneration.},
}
@article {pmid35544326,
year = {2022},
author = {Özdemir, V and Springer, S},
title = {Decolonizing Knowledge Upstream: New Ways to Deconstruct and Fight Disinformation in an Era of COVID-19, Extreme Digital Transformation, and Climate Emergency.},
journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology},
volume = {26},
number = {5},
pages = {247-269},
doi = {10.1089/omi.2022.0041},
pmid = {35544326},
issn = {1557-8100},
abstract = {Lies and disinformation have always existed throughout human history. However, disinformation has become a "pandemic within a pandemic" with convergence of COVID-19 and digital transformation of health care, climate emergency, and pervasive human-computer interaction in all facets of life. We are living through an era of post-truth. New approaches to fight disinformation are urgently needed and of paramount importance for systems science and planetary health. In this study, we discuss the ways in which extractive and entrenched epistemologies such as technocracy and neoliberalism co-produce disinformation. We draw from the works of David Collingridge in technology entrenchment and the literature on digital health, international affairs, climate emergency, degrowth, and decolonializing methodologies. We expand the vocabulary on and interventions against disinformation, and propose the following: (1) rapid epistemic disobedience as a critical governance tool to resist the cultural hegemony of neoliberalism and its master narrative infinite growth that is damaging the planetary ecosystems, while creating echo chambers overflowing with disinformation, and (2) a two-tiered taxonomy of reflexivity, a state of self-cognizance by knowledge actors, for example, scientists, engineers, and physicians (type 1 reflexivity), as well as by chroniclers of former actors, for example, civil society organizations, journalists, social sciences, and humanities scholars (type 2 reflexivity). This article takes seriously the role of master narratives in quotidian life in production of disinformation and ecological breakdown. The infinite growth narrative does not ask critical questions such as "growth in what, at what costs to society and environment?," and is a dangerous game of brinkmanship that has been testing the planetary ecological boundaries and putting at risk the veracity of knowledge. There is a need for scholars and systems scientists who break ranks with entrenched narratives that pose existential threats to planetary sustainability and are harmful to knowledge veracity. Scholars who resist the obvious recklessness and juggernaut of the pursuit of neoliberal infinite growth would be rooting for living responsibly and in solidarity on a planet with finite resources. The interventions proposed in this study, rapid epistemic disobedience and the expanded reflexivity taxonomy, can advance progressive policies for a good life for all within planetary boundaries, and decolonize knowledge from disinformation in ways that are necessarily upstream, radical, rapid, and emancipatory.},
}
@article {pmid35543739,
year = {2022},
author = {Kayki-Mutlu, G and Aksoyalp, ZS and Wojnowski, L and Michel, MC},
title = {A year in pharmacology: new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2021.},
journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35543739},
issn = {1432-1912},
abstract = {The second year of the COVID-19 pandemic had no adverse effect on the number of new drug approvals by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Quite the contrary, with a total of 50 new drugs, 2021 belongs to the most successful FDA years. We assign these new drugs to one of three levels of innovation: (1) first drug against a condition ("first-in-indication"), (2) first drug using a novel molecular mechanism ("first-in-class"), and (3) "next-in-class", i.e., a drug using an already exploited molecular mechanism. We identify 21 first-in-class, 28 next-in-class, and only one first-in-indication drugs. By treatment area, the largest group is once again cancer drugs, many of which target specific genetic alterations. Every second drug approved in 2021 targets an orphan disease, half of them being cancers. Small molecules continue to dominate new drug approvals, followed by antibodies and non-antibody biopharmaceuticals. In 2021, the FDA continued to approve drugs without strong evidence of clinical effects, best exemplified by the aducanumab controversy.},
}
@article {pmid35543726,
year = {2022},
author = {Lipp, HP},
title = {[Vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) : Efficacy comparison, safety aspects, and current challenges].},
journal = {Der Internist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35543726},
issn = {1432-1289},
abstract = {Several RNA-, vector-, and protein-based coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently available in order to achieve high titers of neutralizing antibodies against the spike protein as well as strongly activated CD4+- and CD+ T‑cells. However, there are formulation-specific advantages and disadvantages with regard to physicochemical stability, spectrum of adverse effects, need for adjuvants or adaptability to potentially novel viral variants. Whereas children and pregnant women now have access to COVID-19 vaccines, it often remains difficult to achieve sufficient cellular and humoral immunity in heavily immunocompromised patients. As a consequence, innovative vaccines need to be developed for these patients. Undoubtedly, reports addressing, e.g. vaccine-associated myocarditis or thrombotic thrombocytopenia have led to uncertainties; however, vaccination remains the most important cornerstone in containing the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35542043,
year = {2022},
author = {Muthiah, G and Sarkar, A and Roy, S and Singh, P and Kumar, P and Bhardwaj, K and Jaiswal, A},
title = {Nanotechnology Toolkit for Combating COVID-19 and Beyond.},
journal = {ChemNanoMat : chemistry of nanomaterials for energy, biology and more},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {e202100505},
doi = {10.1002/cnma.202100505},
pmid = {35542043},
issn = {2199-692X},
abstract = {The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 is unlikely to be contained anytime soon with conventional medical technology. This beckons an urgent demand for novel and innovative interventions in clinical protocols, diagnostics, and therapeutics; to manage the current "disease X" and to be poised to counter its successor of like nature if one were to ever arise. To meet such a demand requires more attention to research on the viral-host interactions and on developing expeditious solutions, the kinds of which seem to spring from promising domains such as nanotechnology. Inducing activity at scales comparable to the viruses themselves, nanotechnology-based preventive measures, diagnostic tools and therapeutics for COVID-19 have been rapidly growing during the pandemic. This review covers the recent and promising nanomedicine-based solutions relating to COVID-19 and how some of these are possibly applicable to a wider range of viruses and pathogens. We also discuss the type, composition, and utility of nanostructures which play various roles specifically under prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Further, we have highlighted the adoption and commercialization of some the solutions by large and small corporations alike, as well as providing herewith an exhaustive list on nanovaccines.},
}
@article {pmid35541905,
year = {2022},
author = {Xu, SC and Wu, W and Zhang, SY},
title = {Manifestations and Mechanism of SARS-CoV2 Mediated Cardiac Injury.},
journal = {International journal of biological sciences},
volume = {18},
number = {7},
pages = {2703-2713},
doi = {10.7150/ijbs.69677},
pmid = {35541905},
issn = {1449-2288},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) had resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality. COVID-19 primarily posed a threat to the respiratory system and violated many different organs, including the heart, kidney, liver, and blood vessels with the development of the disease. Severe patients were often accompanied by cardiac injury, and once the heart gets damaged, the mortality of patients will significantly increase. The main clinical manifestations of cardiac injury range from myocarditis, heart failure (HF), arrhythmia, and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM). A high abundance of angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) on the membrane of cardiomyocytes makes it possible that the virus can directly attack cardiomyocytes as subsequently evidenced by the detection of spike protein and virus RNA in autopsy cardiac tissues. The secondary myocardial injury through systemic inflammatory and immune response also caused obvious cardiac damage. The pathological manifestations of heart tissue were diverse, varied from mild cardiomyocyte edema, myocardial hypertrophy, cardiomyocyte degeneration, and necrosis to severe myocarditis caused by lymphocyte and macrophage infiltration. However, the mechanism of heart injury was still unclear. Here, we summarized the clinical manifestations and mechanism of SARS-CoV2 mediated cardiac injury, providing a reference for cardiac treatment in critically ill patients.},
}
@article {pmid35540794,
year = {2022},
author = {Muhammad, M and Ayton, S and Hejmadi, S and Minhas, JS and Morgan, N and Peek, AC},
title = {Single vs dual-site service reconfiguration during Covid-19 pandemic - A tertiary care centre experience in hip fractures and a scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101890},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcot.2022.101890},
pmid = {35540794},
issn = {0976-5662},
abstract = {Aims and objectives: The Covid-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented effect on surgical practice and healthcare delivery globally. We compared the impact of the care pathways which segregate Covid-19 Positive and Negative patients into two geographically separate sites, on hip fracture patients in our high-volume trauma center in 3 distinct eras - the pre-pandemic period, against the first Covid-19 wave with dual-site service design, as well as the subsequent surge with single-site service delivery. In addition, we sought to invoke similar experiences of centres worldwide through a scoping literature review on the current evidence on "Dual site" reconfigurations in response to Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: We prospectively reviewed our hip fracture patients throughout the two peaks of the pandemic, with different service designs for each, and compared the outcomes with a historic service provision. Further, a comprehensive literature search was conducted using several databases for articles discussing Dual-site service redesign.
Results: In our in-house study, there was no statistically significant difference in mortality of hip fracture patients between the 3 periods, as well as their discharge destinations. With dual-site reconfiguration, patients took longer to reach theatre. However, there was much more nosocomial transmission with single-site service, and patients stayed in the hospital longer. 24 articles pertaining to the topic were selected for the scoping review. Most studies favour dual-site service reorganization, and reported beneficial outcomes from the detached care pathways.
Conclusion: It is safe to continue urgent as well as non-emergency surgery during the Covid-19 pandemic in a separate, geographically isolated site.},
}
@article {pmid35540721,
year = {2022},
author = {Jiang, L and Tang, K and Irfan, O and Li, X and Zhang, E and Bhutta, Z},
title = {Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcomes of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) and Adolescents-a Live Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Current pediatrics reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1007/s40124-022-00264-1},
pmid = {35540721},
issn = {2167-4841},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: A multisystem inflammatory condition occurring in children and adolescents with COVID-19 has become increasingly recognized and widely studied globally. This review aims to investigate and synthesize evolving evidence on its clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in pediatric patients.
Recent Findings: We retrieved data from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, WHO COVID-19 Database, Google Scholar, and preprint databases, covering a timeline from December 1, 2019, to July 31, 2021. A total of 123 eligible studies were included in the final descriptive and risk factor analyses. We comprehensively reviewed reported multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) cases from published and preprint studies of various designs to provide an updated evidence on epidemiology, clinical, laboratory and imaging findings, management, and short-term outcomes. Latest evidence suggests that African black and non-Hispanic white are the two most common ethnic groups, constituting 24.89% (95% CI 23.30-26.48%) and 25.18% (95% CI 23.51-26.85%) of the MIS-C population, respectively. Typical symptoms of MIS-C include fever (90.85%, 95% CI 89.86-91.84%), not-specified gastrointestinal symptoms (51.98%, 95% CI 50.13-53.83%), rash (49.63%, 95% CI 47.80-51.47%), abdominal pain (48.97%, 95% CI 47.09-50.85%), conjunctivitis (46.93%, 95% CI 45.17-48.69%), vomiting (43.79%, 95% CI 41.90-45.68%), respiratory symptoms (41.75%, 95% CI 40.01-43.49%), and diarrhea (40.10%, 95% CI 38.23-41.97%). MIS-C patients are less likely to develop conjunctivitis (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.11-0.67), cervical adenopathy (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.07-0.68), and rash (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.77), in comparison with Kawasaki disease patients. Our review revealed that the majority of MIS-C cases (95.21%) to be full recovered while only 2.41% died from this syndrome. We found significant disparity between low- and middle-income countries and high-income countries in terms of clinical outcomes.
Summary: MIS-C, which appears to be linked to COVID-19, may cause severe inflammation in organs and tissues. Although there is emerging new evidence about the characteristics of this syndrome, its risk factors, and clinical prognosis, much remains unknown about the causality, the optimal prevention and treatment interventions, and long-term outcomes of the MIS-C patients.
Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40124-022-00264-1.},
}
@article {pmid35540698,
year = {2021},
author = {Vidhya Rekha, U and Anita, M and Bhuminathan, S and Sadhana, K},
title = {Known data on CoVid-19 infection linked to type-2 diabetes.},
journal = {Bioinformation},
volume = {17},
number = {8},
pages = {772-775},
doi = {10.6026/97320630017772},
pmid = {35540698},
issn = {0973-2063},
abstract = {It is of interest to document the known data on CoVid-19 infection linked to type-2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia, inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis, altered cytokine synthesis, phagocytic cell dysfunction, impaired T cell-mediated immune responses, and inadequate microbia were all seen in people with Diabetes. Individuals with diabetes have also been shown to elevate levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, especially IL-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and different markers such as C reactive protein, D-dimer, and fibrinogen. This will prolong the cytokine storms and lead to severe illness in diabetic individuals with COVID-19 infection. The role of acute glycemic control after COVID- 19 manifestation on clinical outcomes has not been known in detail. Known data shows that hyperglycemia facilitates local viral replication in the lungs and impairs anti-viral immune response. Thus, acute glycemic management plays an important role in limiting viral replication and disease progression in patients with diabetes. The available evidence implicates diabetes as important risk factors impacting the clinical severity of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid35538694,
year = {2022},
author = {Maiyo, AK and Kibet, JK and Kengara, FO},
title = {A review of the characteristic properties of selected tobacco chemicals and their associated etiological risks.},
journal = {Reviews on environmental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/reveh-2022-0013},
pmid = {35538694},
issn = {2191-0308},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Despite the quantum of research findings on tobacco epidemic, a review on the formation characteristics of nicotine, aldehydes and phenols, and their associated etiological risks is still limited in literature. Accordingly, knowledge on the chemical properties and free radical formation during tobacco burning is an important subject towards unravelling the relationship between smoking behaviour and disease. This review investigates how scientific efforts have been advanced towards understanding the release of molecular products from the thermal degradation of tobacco, and harm reduction strategies among cigarette smokers in general. The mechanistic characteristics of nicotine and selected aldehydes are critically examined in this review. For the purpose of this work, articles published during the period 2004-2021 and archived in PubMed, Google Scholar, Medley, Cochrane, and Web of Science were used. The articles were selected based on the health impacts of cigarette smoking, tobacco burning kinetics, tobacco cessation and tobacco as a precursor for emerging diseases such as Covid-19.
CONTENT: The toxicity of cigarette smoke is directly correlated with its chemical composition derived from the pyrolysis of tobacco stem and leaves. Most of the harmful toxic substances are generated by pyrolysis during smoking and depends on pyrolysis conditions. Detailed studies have been conducted on the kinetics of nicotine by use of robust theoretical models in order to determine the rate constants of reactions in nicotine and those of nicotine dissociation via C-C and C-N scission, yielding pyridinyl and methyl radicals, respectively. Research has suggested that acetaldehyde enhances the effect of nicotine, which in turn reinforces addiction characteristics whereas acrolein and crotonaldehyde are ciliatoxic, and can inhibit lung clearance. On the other hand, phenol affects liver enzymes, lungs, kidneys, and the cardiovascular system while m-cresol attacks the nervous system.
SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: The characteristics of chemical release during tobacco burning are very important in the tobacco industry and the cigarette smoking community. Understanding individual chemical formation from cigarette smoking will provide the necessary information needed to formulate sound tobacco reform policies from a chemical standpoint. Nonetheless, intense research is needed in this field in order to prescribe possible measures to deter cigarette smoking addiction and ameliorate the grave miseries bedevilling the tobacco smoking community.},
}
@article {pmid35538614,
year = {2022},
author = {Vakil, MK and Mansoori, Y and Al-Awsi, GRL and Hosseinipour, A and Ahsant, S and Ahmadi, S and Ekrahi, M and Montaseri, Z and Pezeshki, B and Mohaghegh, P and Sohrabpour, M and Bahmanyar, M and Darai, A and Dadkhah, T and Tavassoli, A and Ghasemian, A},
title = {Individual Genetic Variability Mainly of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Cytokine Receptors and Toll-like receptors Dictates Pathophysiology of COVID-19 Disease.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.27849},
pmid = {35538614},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Innate and acquired immunity responses are crucial for viral infections elimination. However, genetic variations in coding genes may exacerbate the inflammation or initiate devastating cytokine storm which pose severe respiratory conditions in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Host genetic variations in particular those related to the immune responses determine the patients' susceptibility and COVID-19 severity and pathophysiology. Gene polymorphisms such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of interferons, TNF, IL1, IL4, IL6, IL7, IL10 and IL17 predispose patients to severe form of COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-COV-2). These variations mainly alter the genes expression and cause a severe response by B cells, T cells, monocytes, neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells participating in cytokine storm. Moreover, cytokines and chemokines SNPs are associated with the severity of COVID-19 and clinical outcome depending on the corresponding effect. Additionally, genetic variations in genes encoding toll-like receptors (TLRs) mainly of TLR3, TLR7 and TLR9 have been related to the COVID-19 severe respiratory symptoms. The specific relation of these mutations with the novel variants of concern (VOCs) infection remains to be elucidated. Genetic variations mainly within genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptors and TLRs predispose patients to COVID-19 disease severity. Understanding of host immune genes variations associated with the SARS-COV-2 infection open insights to control the pathophysiology of emerging viral infections. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid35538215,
year = {2022},
author = {Tsai, TC and Arik, S and Jacobson, BH and Yoon, J and Yoder, N and Sava, D and Mitchell, M and Graham, G and Pfister, T},
title = {Algorithmic fairness in pandemic forecasting: lessons from COVID-19.},
journal = {NPJ digital medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {59},
pmid = {35538215},
issn = {2398-6352},
abstract = {Racial and ethnic minorities have borne a particularly acute burden of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. There is a growing awareness from both researchers and public health leaders of the critical need to ensure fairness in forecast results. Without careful and deliberate bias mitigation, inequities embedded in data can be transferred to model predictions, perpetuating disparities, and exacerbating the disproportionate harms of the COVID-19 pandemic. These biases in data and forecasts can be viewed through both statistical and sociological lenses, and the challenges of both building hierarchical models with limited data availability and drawing on data that reflects structural inequities must be confronted. We present an outline of key modeling domains in which unfairness may be introduced and draw on our experience building and testing the Google-Harvard COVID-19 Public Forecasting model to illustrate these challenges and offer strategies to address them. While targeted toward pandemic forecasting, these domains of potentially biased modeling and concurrent approaches to pursuing fairness present important considerations for equitable machine-learning innovation.},
}
@article {pmid35537987,
year = {2022},
author = {Trougakos, IP and Terpos, E and Alexopoulos, H and Politou, M and Paraskevis, D and Scorilas, A and Kastritis, E and Andreakos, E and Dimopoulos, MA},
title = {Adverse effects of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines: the spike hypothesis.},
journal = {Trends in molecular medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.molmed.2022.04.007},
pmid = {35537987},
issn = {1471-499X},
abstract = {Vaccination is a major tool for mitigating the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and mRNA vaccines are central to the ongoing vaccination campaign that is undoubtedly saving thousands of lives. However, adverse effects (AEs) following vaccination have been noted which may relate to a proinflammatory action of the lipid nanoparticles used or the delivered mRNA (i.e., the vaccine formulation), as well as to the unique nature, expression pattern, binding profile, and proinflammatory effects of the produced antigens - spike (S) protein and/or its subunits/peptide fragments - in human tissues or organs. Current knowledge on this topic originates mostly from cell-based assays or from model organisms; further research on the cellular/molecular basis of the mRNA vaccine-induced AEs will therefore promise safety, maintain trust, and direct health policies.},
}
@article {pmid35533338,
year = {2022},
author = {Petzold, A},
title = {Neuro-Ophthalmic Implications of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Related Infection and Vaccination.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
volume = {11},
number = {2},
pages = {196-207},
doi = {10.1097/APO.0000000000000519},
pmid = {35533338},
issn = {2162-0989},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Humans ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Telemedicine ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {ABSTRACT: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic created a unique opportunity to study the effects of infection and vaccination on disease. The year 2020 was dominated by infection and its consequences. The year 2021 was dominated by vaccination and its consequences. It will still take several years for full maturation of databases required for robust epidemiological studies. Therefore, this review on the implications for neuro-ophthalmology draws on resources presently available including reported adverse reactions to vaccination. Illustrative clinical cases are presented.The spectrum of pathology following infection with SARS-CoV-2 falls into 4 main categories: autoimmune, vascular, sequelae of brain damage, and miscellaneous. This review is exhaustive, but the most common conditions discussed relate to headaches and associated symptoms; vertigo, diplopia, and nystagmus; vascular complications of the eye and brain; cranial nerve (mono-)neuropathies; photophobia, ocular discomfort, and optic neuritis. Of the 36 main adverse reactions reviewed, vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia is a novel complication requiring specific hematological management. Updated diagnostic criteria are summarized. It is relevant to remember taking a medication history because of side effects and to recognize the relevance of comorbidities. The clinical assessment can frequently be performed virtually. Consensus recommendations on telemedicine and the virtual assessment are summarized in a practical and compressed format.The review concludes with an epidemiological tetralogy to interrogate, in future studies, associations with (1) SARS-CoV-2 pandemic infection, (2) SARS-CoV-2 worldwide vaccination, and (3) the possibility of a rebound effect of infections in the pandemic aftermath.},
}
@article {pmid35524358,
year = {2022},
author = {Buonsenso, D and Piazza, M and Boner, AL and Bellanti, JA},
title = {Long COVID: A proposed hypothesis-driven model of viral persistence for the pathophysiology of the syndrome.},
journal = {Allergy and asthma proceedings},
volume = {43},
number = {3},
pages = {187-193},
doi = {10.2500/aap.2022.43.220018},
pmid = {35524358},
issn = {1539-6304},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/physiopathology ; *Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Background: Long COVID (coronavirus disease 2019) syndrome includes a group of patients who, after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibit lingering mild-to-moderate symptoms and develop medical complications that can have lasting health problems. In this report, we propose a model for the pathophysiology of the long COVID presentation based on increased proinflammatory cytokine production that results from the persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus or one of its molecular components. Associated with this hyperproduction of inflammatory cytokines is a heightened activity of nuclear factor κ B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways that regulate cytokine production. Objective: The purpose of the present report was to review the causes of long COVID syndrome and suggest ways that can provide a basis for a better understanding of the clinical symptomatology for the of improved diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for the condition. Methods: Extensive research was conducted in medical literature data bases by applying terms such as "long COVID" associated with "persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus" "spike protein' "COVID-19" and "biologic therapies." Results and Conclusions: In this model of the long COVID syndrome, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 is hypothesized to trigger a dysregulated immune system with subsequent heightened release of proinflammatory cytokines that lead to chronic low-grade inflammation and multiorgan symptomatology. The condition seems to have a genetic basis, which predisposes individuals to have a diminished immunologic capacity to completely clear the virus, with residual parts of the virus persisting. This persistence of virus and resultant hyperproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are proposed to form the basis of the syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid35434678,
year = {2022},
author = {Salinas, JL and Salinas, M},
title = {Systemic racism and undocumented Latino migrant laborers during COVID-19: A narrative review and implications for improving occupational health.},
journal = {Journal of migration and health},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {100106},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100106},
pmid = {35434678},
issn = {2666-6235},
abstract = {Background: Systemic racism is built upon the racial exploitation of minorities and has been further exposed inequalities amidst the COVID-19 global pandemic. The historic reliance of undocumented migrant Latino laborers continues to influence the modern-day work conditions Latinos face such as low wages, limited benefits, and an emphasis on productivity over safety, which also increases their risk for adverse health outcomes.
Objective: This narrative review aims to describe and highlight key risk factors on the impact of systemic racism and how it shapes the work and occupational health experiences of Latino laborers in the US, as well as strategies to overcome barriers.
Method: In this review, we explore empirical studies, news reports, and policy briefs that highlight the social factors impacting occupational health outcomes for undocumented Latino migrant laborers and synthesize the information to report major challenges experienced during the pandemic and propose recommendations for improving conditions and occupational health of these groups.
Results: Existing literature demonstrated that (1) documentation status was a barrier to federal relief programs during COVID-19; (2) though categorized as essential workers, workplace conditions were harmful towards preventing infection and transmission of COVID-19; and (3) there was an increased burden particularly for undocumented Latino women both in the workplace and at home during the pandemic. Recommendations include prioritization of undocumented immigrants in government relief, and addressing both individual and environmental level stressors in the workplace to promote inclusivity and reduce unnecessary suffering of Latino migrant workers.
Conclusion: Latino laborers should be treated with dignity and respect with workplace protections as they are designated as essential workers during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35383586,
year = {2022},
author = {Carson, E and Hemenway, AN},
title = {A Scoping Review of Pharmacological Management of Postacute Sequelae of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in 2021.},
journal = {American journal of therapeutics},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
pages = {e305-e321},
pmid = {35383586},
issn = {1536-3686},
mesh = {*COVID-19/complications/drug therapy ; Disease Progression ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Postacute sequelae of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (PASC), or long-COVID, are signs and symptoms that persist after the acute phase of Coronavirus disease 2019 infection has passed. PASC is newly recognized, and research is ongoing to answer questions about pathology, symptoms, diagnosis, and optimal treatment.
AREAS OF UNCERTAINTY: Use of pharmacologic treatment for symptoms of PASC is currently evolving. This scoping review aims to assess medical literature for any evidence supporting or refuting use of any medications to specifically treat PASC.
DATA SOURCES: PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and gray literature sources were searched for any study of medication use for PASC. Studies were included if they described medication use in patients with PASC. There were no exclusion criteria based on study type or if results were reported. Studies were divided into completed works and ongoing research.
RESULTS: Fifty-two records were included in final analysis from an initial 3524 records found, including 2 randomized controlled trials, 7 prospective, open-label or observational studies, 14 case reports or case series, 1 survey, 1 correspondence, 1 retrospective analysis, and 26 studies in progress. Seven of the 26 completed works investigate ivabradine or beta-blockers, whereas 7 investigate local or systemic corticosteroids. Three investigate multi-ingredient nutritional supplements. The other 9 completed works as well as the 26 studies in progress investigate a wide variety of other treatments including drugs in development, drugs used for other conditions, herbals, supplements, and vitamins.
CONCLUSIONS: There is limited, but evolving, literature on medication treatment for PASC. Providers who opt to use pharmacologic therapy for PASC need to be vigilant in their knowledge of these evolving data.},
}
@article {pmid35537800,
year = {2022},
author = {Geretti, AM and Mardh, O and de Vries, HJC and Winter, A and McSorley, J and Seguy, N and Vuylsteke, B and Gokengin, D},
title = {Sexual transmission of infections across Europe: appraising the present, scoping the future.},
journal = {Sexually transmitted infections},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/sextrans-2022-055455},
pmid = {35537800},
issn = {1472-3263},
abstract = {Objectives: Our journal partnered with the Europe section of the International Union against STI (IUSTI) at a workshop held at the 18th European AIDS Conference in London on 30 October 2021. The workshop reviewed epidemiological trends and discussed STI care provision within HIV services across Europe. Methods and Results: We started by highlighting trends in bacterial STIs reported to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control from countries in the European Union/European Economic Area. This showed that notifications of bacterial STIs reached an all-time high in 2019, but are expected to be impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020-2021. We then reviewed the evolving relationship between STIs and HIV and pointed out how antiretroviral treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis remain highly effective against HIV transmission despite the rising incidence of STIs. Within emerging concepts in STIs, we appraised the benefits and risks of asymptomatic screening for chlamydia, and also considered the potential perils of routinely testing for agents that lack a defined role in disease. Finally, we discussed standards of STI care for people living with HIV, informed by a brief survey of IUSTI Europe country representatives and members of the Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe network. Conclusions: The survey indicated substantial variability and identified key improvement targets: fighting barriers to effective service provision and access, increasing diagnostic capability and taking leadership in driving up the quality of care. We must not forget the STI-related needs of the many people who will be living with HIV for decades into the future.},
}
@article {pmid35537632,
year = {2022},
author = {İlyasoglu, G and Kose-Mutlu, B and Mutlu-Salmanli, O and Koyuncu, I},
title = {Removal of organic micropollutans by adsorptive membrane.},
journal = {Chemosphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {134775},
doi = {10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134775},
pmid = {35537632},
issn = {1879-1298},
abstract = {Various emerging organic micropollutants, such as pharmaceuticals, have attracted the interest of the water industry during the last two decades due to their insufficient removal during conventional water and wastewater treatment methods and increasing demand for pharmaceuticals projected to climate change-related impacts and COVID-19, nanosorbents such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene oxides (GOs), and metallic organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been extensively explored regarding their potential environmental applications. Due to their unique physicochemical features, the use of these nanoadsorbents for organic micropollutans in water and wastewater treatment processes has been a rapidly growing topic of research in recent literature. Adsorptive membranes, which include these nanosorbents, combine the benefits of adsorption with membrane separation, allowing for high flow rates and faster adsorption/desorption rates, and have received a lot of publicity in recent years. The most recent advances in the fabrication of adsorptive membranes (including homogeneous membranes, mixed matrix membranes, and composite membranes), as well as their basic principles and applications in water and wastewater treatment, are discussed in this review. This paper covers ten years, from 2011 to 2021, and examines over 100 published studies, highlighting that micropollutans can pose a serious threat to surface water environments and that adsorptive membranes are promising, particularly in the adsorption of trace substances with fast kinetics. Membrane fouling, on the other hand, should be given more attention in future studies due to the high costs and restricted reusability.},
}
@article {pmid35537577,
year = {2022},
author = {Kolahdouzan, K and Chavoshi, M and Bayani, R and Darzikolaee, NM},
title = {Low dose whole lung irradiation for treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.04.043},
pmid = {35537577},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies dating back to a century ago have reported using low-dose radiotherapy for the treatment of viral and bacterial pneumonia. In the modern era, since the COVID-19 pandemic began, several groups worldwide have researched the applicability of whole-lung irradiation (WLI) for the treatment of COVID-19. We aimed to bring together the results of these experimental studies.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis searching PubMed and Scopus databases for clinical trials incorporating WLI for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Required data were extracted from each study. Using the random-effects model, overall pooled day-28 survival rate, survival hazard ratio, and intubation-free days within 15 days after WLI was calculated, and forest plots were produced.
RESULTS: Ten studies were identified, and eventually, five were included for meta-analysis. The overall survival hazard ratio was calculated to be 0.85 [0.46-1.57]. The pooled mean difference of intubation-free days within 15 days after WLI was 1.87, favoring the WLI group (CI: -0.02-3.76). Overall day 28 survival rate of patients receiving WLI for the eight studies with adequate follow-up data was 74% [95%CI:61-87]. Except for two studies, the other eight studies were assessed to have moderate to high risk of bias, and there were many differences between the design of studies, included patients, primary endpoints, outcome measurement methods, and reporting of the results.
CONCLUSION: Despite a mild improvement in intubation-free days, WLI had no significant effect on patients' overall survival. Currently, we cannot recommend routine use of WLI for the treatment of moderate to severe COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid35537433,
year = {2021},
author = {Fusch, C and Gebauer, C},
title = {Donor Milk Banking - Safety, Efficacy, New Methodologies.},
journal = {Nestle Nutrition Institute workshop series},
volume = {96},
number = {},
pages = {57-71},
doi = {10.1159/000519400},
pmid = {35537433},
issn = {1664-2155},
abstract = {Donor milk (DM) is of increasing interest as primary nutritional source for preterm infants. Safe access requires special infrastructure, trained staff, sophisticated algorithms, and standard operating procedures as well as quality control measures. DM has limitations like low protein content and unpredictable composition of the other macronutrients, despite fortification frequently not meeting recommendations - both of them compromising growth. The first paragraph is devoted to COVID-19 and how it impacts processes of DM banking. The following paragraphs review aspects of "pasteurization," "safety audits/donor screening," and "DM nutrient variability." In summary, (i) Holder pasteurization still is the most suitable procedure for milk banks, but high-pressure pasteurization or ultraviolet C irradiation conserve the unique properties of DM better and deserve more research to make it suitable for clinical routine. (ii) In regard to safety/screening, guidelines are valuable for safe DM bank operation, but they differ between legislations. There is a surprisingly high rate of non-disclosed donor smoking (0.3%, p > 0.05) and of adulteration of delivered DM (up to 2%, p < 0.05) not detected by standard donor screening procedures. Frequencies differ between remunerated and non-remunerated programs. (iii) Neonatal caregivers should be aware of unpredictable composition of DM. They should be trained on how these can be overcome to avoid negative impact on growth and long-term outcomes like (a) measuring and disclosing nutrient contents of delivered DM batches to customers, (b) implementing certain types of donor pooling to reduce the risk of macronutrient depleted DM, (c) additional supplementation using 0.3-0.5 g protein/100 mL seems to be reasonable, (d) adjusted fortification may help to improve growth, but is not efficient in all preterm infants, (e) target fortification seems to improve growth (and probably also neurodevelopmental index) compared to standard fortification, (f) more research and clinical studies are needed.},
}
@article {pmid35537236,
year = {2022},
author = {Tavares-Júnior, JWL and de Souza, ACC and Borges, JWP and Oliveira, DN and Siqueira-Neto, JI and Sobreira-Neto, MA and Braga-Neto, P},
title = {COVID-19 associated cognitive impairment: A systematic review.},
journal = {Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior},
volume = {152},
number = {},
pages = {77-97},
doi = {10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.006},
pmid = {35537236},
issn = {1973-8102},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has a wide range of clinical manifestations. Neurological manifestations in COVID-19 patients were demonstrated during the pandemic, including cognitive impairment. This study aimed to determine any relationship between COVID-19 and cognitive complaints, such as dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or subjective cognitive decline (SCD).
METHODS: We performed a systematic review of MEDLINE via Ebsco, Cochrane EMBASE, SCOPUS, and LILACS electronic databases of observational studies with COVID-19 patients confirmed by serology or PCR who developed new cognitive impairment or deteriorated from previous cognitive impairment after infection. This review protocol was recorded on PROSPERO with registration number CRD 42021241590.
RESULTS: A total of 3.520 articles were retrieved and read. Twenty-two studies were selected for our review. A wide range of cognitive assessment tools (n = 25) was used. The most described affected domains in these studies were executive functions, attention, and episodic memory. Thirteen studies showed a pattern of cognitive impairment in processing speed, inattention, or executive dysfunction assessed through working memory.
CONCLUSION: This review highlights the high frequency of cognitive impairment after COVID-19 infection. However, we were unable to differentiate whether the cognitive impairment found corresponded to mild cognitive impairment or dementia through data from selected studies, and this issue serves as one objective of future studies to be addressed on this topic.},
}
@article {pmid35537080,
year = {2022},
author = {Khan, SA and Imtiaz, MA and Islam, MM and Tanzin, AZ and Islam, A and Hassan, MM},
title = {Major bat-borne zoonotic viral epidemics in Asia and Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Veterinary medicine and science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/vms3.835},
pmid = {35537080},
issn = {2053-1095},
abstract = {Bats are the natural reservoir host for many pathogenic and non-pathogenic viruses, potentially spilling over to humans and domestic animals directly or via an intermediate host. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is the continuation of virus spillover events that have taken place over the last few decades, particularly in Asia and Africa. Therefore, these bat-associated epidemics provide a significant number of hints, including respiratory cellular tropism, more intense susceptibility to these cell types, and overall likely to become a pandemic for the next spillover. In this systematic review, we analysed data to insight, through bat-originated spillover in Asia and Africa. We used STATA/IC-13 software for descriptive statistics and meta-analysis. The random effect of meta-analysis showed that the pooled estimates of case fatality rates of bat-originated viral zoonotic diseases were higher in Africa (61.06%, 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2 % = 97.3, p < 0.001). Moreover, estimates of case fatality rates were higher in Ebola (61.06%; 95%CI: 50.26 to 71.85, l2 % = 97.3, p < 0.001) followed by Nipah (55.19%; 95%CI: 39.29 to 71.09, l2 % = 94.2, p < 0.001), MERS (18.49%; 95%CI: 8.19 to 28.76, l2 % = 95.4, p < 0.001) and SARS (10.86%; 95%CI: 6.02 to 15.71, l2 % = 85.7, p < 0.001) with the overall case fatality rates of 29.86 (95%CI: 29.97 to 48.58, l2 % = 99.0, p < 0.001). Bat-originated viruses have caused several outbreaks of deadly diseases, including Nipah, Ebola, SARS and MERS in Asia and Africa in a sequential fashion. Nipah virus emerged first in Malaysia, but later, periodic outbreaks were noticed in Bangladesh and India. Similarly, the Ebola virus was detected in the African continent with neurological disorders in humans, like Nipah, seen in the Asian region. Two important coronaviruses, MERS and SARS, were introduced, both with the potential to infect respiratory passages. This paper explores the dimension of spillover events within and/or between bat-human and the epidemiological risk factors, which may lead to another pandemic occurring. Further, these processes enhance the bat-originated virus, which utilises an intermediate host to jump into human species.},
}
@article {pmid35535926,
year = {2022},
author = {Gutierrez, J and Rewerts, K and CarlLee, S and Kuperman, E and Anderson, ML and Kaboli, PJ},
title = {A systematic review of telehealth applications in hospital medicine.},
journal = {Journal of hospital medicine},
volume = {17},
number = {4},
pages = {291-302},
doi = {10.1002/jhm.12801},
pmid = {35535926},
issn = {1553-5606},
support = {Award: 13368//Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Health Administration, Office of Rural Health, Veterans Rural Health Resource Center- Iowa City/ ; CIN 13-412//Office of Research and Development, Health Services Research and Development (HSR&D) Service through the Comprehensive Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation (CADRE) Center/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the proliferation of telehealth, uptake for acute inpatient services has been slower. Hospitalist shortages in rural and critical access hospitals as well as the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a renewed interest in telehealth to deliver acute inpatient services. Understanding current evidence is crucial for promoting uptake and developing evidence-based practices.
OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of telehealth applications in acute inpatient general medicine and pediatric hospital wards and synthesize available evidence.
DATA SOURCES: A search of five databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and ProQuest Theses, and Dissertations) using a combination of search terms including telemedicine and hospital medicine/inpatient care keywords yielded 17,015 citations.
Two independent coders determined eligibility based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were extracted and organized into main categories based on findings: (1) feasibility and planning, (2) implementation and technology, and (3) telehealth application process and outcome measures.
RESULTS: Of the 20 publications included, three were feasibility and planning studies describing the creation of the program, services provided, and potential cost implications. Five studies described implementation and technology used, including training, education, and evaluation methods. Finally, twelve discussed process and outcome measures, including patient and provider satisfaction and costs.
CONCLUSION: Telehealth services for hospital medicine were found to be effective, well received, and initial cost estimates appear favorable. A variety of services were described across programs with considerable benefit appreciated by rural and smaller hospitals. Additional work is needed to evaluate clinical outcomes and overall program costs.},
}
@article {pmid35535759,
year = {2022},
author = {Lv, D and Hu, B and Lin, X and Wang, R and Wu, D and Long, R and He, M and Liao, S and Deng, D},
title = {Immunopathogenesis of patients with COVID-19: from the perspective of immune system 'evolution' and 'revolution'.},
journal = {Expert reviews in molecular medicine},
volume = {24},
number = {},
pages = {e19},
doi = {10.1017/erm.2022.12},
pmid = {35535759},
issn = {1462-3994},
abstract = {The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is sweeping the world, threatening millions of lives and drastically altering our ways of living. According to current studies, failure to either activate or eliminate inflammatory responses timely and properly at certain stages could result in the progression of the disease. In other words, robust immune responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are critical. However, they do not theoretically present in some special groups of people, including the young, the aged, patients with autoimmunity or cancer. Differences also do occur between men and women. Our immune system evolves to ensure delicate coordination at different stages of life. The innate immune cells mainly consisted of myeloid lineage cells, including neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, dendritic cells and mast cells; they possess phagocytic capacity to different degrees at different stages of life. They are firstly recruited upon infection and may activate the adaptive immunity when needed. The adaptive immune cells, on the other way, are comprised mainly of lymphoid lineages. As one grows up, the adaptive immunity matures and expands its memory repertoire, accompanied by an adjustment in quantity and quality. In this review, we would summarise and analyse the immunological characteristics of these groups from the perspective of the immune system 'evolution' as well as 'revolution' that has been studied and speculated so far, which would aid the comprehensive understanding of COVID-19 and personalised-treatment strategy.},
}
@article {pmid35535731,
year = {2022},
author = {Allowitz, KV and Yoo, JJ and Taylor, JR and Baloch, OA and Harames, K and Ramana, KV},
title = {Therapeutic potential of vitamin B1 derivative benfotiamine from diabetes to COVID-19.},
journal = {Future medicinal chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4155/fmc-2022-0040},
pmid = {35535731},
issn = {1756-8927},
abstract = {Benfotiamine (S-benzoylthiamine-O-monophosphate), a unique, lipid-soluble derivative of thiamine, is the most potent allithiamine found in roasted garlic, as well as in other herbs of the genus Allium. In addition to potent antioxidative properties, benfotiamine has also been shown to be a strong anti-inflammatory agent with therapeutic significance to several pathological complications. Specifically, over the past decade or so, benfotiamine has been shown to prevent not only various secondary diabetic complications but also several inflammatory complications such as uveitis and endotoxemia. Recent studies also demonstrate that this compound could be used to prevent the symptoms associated with various infectious diseases such as HIV and COVID-19. In this review article, the authors discuss the significance of benfotiamine in the prevention of various pathological complications.},
}
@article {pmid35535618,
year = {2022},
author = {Li, B and Qin, X and Mi, LZ},
title = {Nanobodies: from structure to applications in non-injectable and bispecific biotherapeutic development.},
journal = {Nanoscale},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d2nr00306f},
pmid = {35535618},
issn = {2040-3372},
abstract = {The increasing demand for convenient, miniaturized and multifunctional antibodies necessitates the development of novel antigen-recognition molecules for biological and medical studies. Nanobodies, the functional variable regions of camelid heavy-chain-only antibodies, as a new tool, complement the conventional antibodies and are in the stage of rapid development. The outstanding advantages of nanobodies include a stable structure, easy production, excellent water solubility, high affinity toward antigens and low immunogenicity. With promising application potential, nanobodies are now increasingly applied to various studies, including protein structure analysis, microscopic imaging, medical diagnosis, and drug development. The approval of the first nanobody drug Caplacizumab by the FDA disclosed the therapeutic potential of nanobodies. The outbreak of COVID-19 accelerated the development of nanobody drugs in non-injectable and bispecific biotherapeutic applications. Herein, we reviewed recent studies on the nanobody structure, screening and their applications in protein structure analysis and nanobody drugs, especially on non-injectable nanobody and bispecific nanobody development.},
}
@article {pmid35535263,
year = {2022},
author = {So, M and Walti, L},
title = {Challenges of Antimicrobial Resistance and Stewardship in Solid Organ Transplant Patients.},
journal = {Current infectious disease reports},
volume = {24},
number = {5},
pages = {63-75},
doi = {10.1007/s11908-022-00778-1},
pmid = {35535263},
issn = {1523-3847},
abstract = {Purpose of Review: Without effective antimicrobials, patients cannot undergo transplant surgery safely or sustain immunosuppressive therapy. This review examines the burden of antimicrobial resistance in solid organ transplant recipients and identifies opportunities for antimicrobial stewardship.
Recent Findings: Antimicrobial resistance has been identified to be the leading cause of death globally. Multidrug-resistant pathogens are associated with significant morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus affects liver and lung recipients, causing bacteremia, pneumonia, and surgical site infections. Vancomycin-resistant enterococci is a nosocomial pathogen primarily causing bacteremia in liver recipients. Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens present urgent and serious threats to transplant recipients. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae commonly cause bacteremia and intra-abdominal infections in liver and kidney recipients. Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, mainly K. pneumoniae, are responsible for infections early-post transplant in liver, lung, kidney, and heart recipients. P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii continue to be critical threats. While there are new antimicrobial agents targeting resistant pathogens, judicious prescribing is crucial to minimize emerging resistance. The full implications of the COVID-19 global pandemic on antimicrobial resistance in transplant recipients remain to be understood. Currently, there are no established standards on the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship interventions, but strategies that leverage existing antimicrobial stewardship program structure while tailoring to the needs of transplant recipients may help to optimize antimicrobial use.
Summary: Clinicians caring for transplant recipients face unique challenges tackling emerging antimcirobial resistance. Coordinated antimicrobial stewardship interventions in collaboration with appropriate expertise in transplant and infectious diseases may mitigate against such threats.},
}
@article {pmid35534886,
year = {2022},
author = {Kalantari, Y and Aryanian, Z and Mirahmadi, SM and Alilou, S and Hatami, P and Goodarzi, A},
title = {A systematic review on COVID-19 vaccination and cosmetic filler reactions: A focus on case studies and original articles.},
journal = {Journal of cosmetic dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jocd.15071},
pmid = {35534886},
issn = {1473-2165},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Tissue fillers are among the most popular cosmetic procedures performed and notably, cases of filler reactions after COVID-19 vaccination have been reported.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the characteristics of patients with filler reaction after COVID-19 vaccination and address several considerations that have to be taken into practice.
METHODS: A PRISMA compliant systematic search was conducted in Scopus, Web of science, and Pubmed/Medline databases for articles published from inception up to 21 October 2021.
RESULTS: Out of 106 initially retrieved articles, 4 of them were included in our study, and a total number of 13 cases were analyzed. In this study, we found that all of the patients who developed delayed-type reaction (DTR) following COVID-19 vaccination were middle-aged women without any known history of allergy to foods or drugs. All patients had a history of Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection in their head and neck and demonstrated symptoms particularly swelling, from less than 1 day up to 10 days after the first or second doses of vaccines. Lisinopril, hyaluronidase, and corticosteroids seemed to have good results in management.
CONCLUSION: Although rare, DTR to fillers after COVID-19 vaccination can happen. Physicians should be aware of the pathogenesis and management of this phenomenon.},
}
@article {pmid35534554,
year = {2022},
author = {Barbier, AJ and Jiang, AY and Zhang, P and Wooster, R and Anderson, DG},
title = {The clinical progress of mRNA vaccines and immunotherapies.},
journal = {Nature biotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {35534554},
issn = {1546-1696},
abstract = {The emergency use authorizations (EUAs) of two mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2 vaccines approximately 11 months after publication of the viral sequence highlights the transformative potential of this nucleic acid technology. Most clinical applications of mRNA to date have focused on vaccines for infectious disease and cancer for which low doses, low protein expression and local delivery can be effective because of the inherent immunostimulatory properties of some mRNA species and formulations. In addition, work on mRNA-encoded protein or cellular immunotherapies has also begun, for which minimal immune stimulation, high protein expression in target cells and tissues, and the need for repeated administration have led to additional manufacturing and formulation challenges for clinical translation. Building on this momentum, the past year has seen clinical progress with second-generation coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, Omicron-specific boosters and vaccines against seasonal influenza, Epstein-Barr virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer. Here we review the clinical progress of mRNA therapy as well as provide an overview and future outlook of the transformative technology behind these mRNA-based drugs.},
}
@article {pmid35534425,
year = {2022},
author = {Choi, SW and Kim, J and Lee, JH and Kim, SK and Lee, SR and Kim, SH and Chae, HD},
title = {Hormone Therapy in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review.},
journal = {Journal of menopausal medicine},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.6118/jmm.21036},
pmid = {35534425},
issn = {2288-6478},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted the medical, social, and reproductive health of millions of people since its outbreak. The causative virus transmits, reproduces, and manifests through the respiratory tract. COVID-19 can invade any system of the body, including the cardiovascular and endocrine systems, through a secondary immune response. In particular, because the fatality rate is high in those over the age of 50 years, special attention is required during the medical care of this population. However, considering the benefit of therapy and the risk of COVID-19, high-quality evidence regarding individualized management in relation to hormone therapy is still insufficient in the field of gynecology. Furthermore, this review aims to serve as a reference for clinical application by analyzing and summarizing the results of studies reported to date regarding female hormone therapy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid35534355,
year = {2022},
author = {Shaban, MS and Mayr-Buro, C and Meier-Soelch, J and Albert, BV and Schmitz, ML and Ziebuhr, J and Kracht, M},
title = {Thapsigargin: key to new host-directed coronavirus antivirals?.},
journal = {Trends in pharmacological sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tips.2022.04.004},
pmid = {35534355},
issn = {1873-3735},
abstract = {Despite the great success of vaccines that protect against RNA virus infections, and the development and clinical use of a limited number of RNA virus-specific drugs, there is still an urgent need for new classes of antiviral drugs against circulating or emerging RNA viruses. To date, it has proved difficult to efficiently suppress RNA virus replication by targeting host cell functions, and there are no approved drugs of this type. This opinion article discusses the recent discovery of a pronounced and sustained antiviral activity of the plant-derived natural compound thapsigargin against enveloped RNA viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and influenza A virus. Based on its mechanisms of action, thapsigargin represents a new prototype of compounds with multimodal host-directed antiviral activity.},
}
@article {pmid35534309,
year = {2022},
author = {Hussain, B and Latif, A and Timmons, S and Nkhoma, K and Nellums, LB},
title = {Overcoming COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among ethnic minorities: A systematic review of UK studies.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.04.030},
pmid = {35534309},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {Ethnic minority communities in the UK have been disproportionately affected by the pandemic, with increased risks of infection, severe disease, and death. Hesitancy around the COVID-19 vaccine may be contributing to disparities in vaccine delivery to ethnic minority communities. This systematic review aims to strengthen understanding of COVID-19 vaccine concerns among ethnic minorities in the UK. Five databases were searched in February 2022, yielding 24 peer-reviewed studies reporting on vaccine hesitancy or acceptance in ethnic minority groups. Data were extracted using a standardised form, and quality assessment was carried out using the Standard Quality Criteria. There were three key themes: (1). Prevalence of vaccine hesitancy; (2). Reasons for vaccine hesitancy and acceptance; and (3). Recommendations to address vaccine concerns. Vaccine hesitancy, which was more common among some ethnic minority groups, is a complex phenomenon, driven by misinformation, mistrust, concerns about safety and efficacy, and structural and systemic inequities. Community engagement and tailored communication may help to address vaccine concerns. Robust data disaggregated by ethnicities are needed to better understand barriers and facilitators for COVID-19 vaccine delivery in ethnic minority communities. Strategies to address structural disadvantage need to be inclusive, comprehensive, and behaviorally informed and foster confidence in healthcare systems and governments. Community leaders and health care practitioners may prove to be the most important agents in creating an environment of trust within ethnic minority groups.},
}
@article {pmid35526989,
year = {2021},
author = {Moi, ML},
title = {[Dengue amidst COVID-19: challenges & control measures for the double burden].},
journal = {Uirusu},
volume = {71},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.2222/jsv.71.1},
pmid = {35526989},
issn = {0042-6857},
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Dengue/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {Dengue, an arbovirus, is a public health treat in the tropics and sub-tropical climates worldwide. The disease incidence has grown dramatically worldwide, with an estimated 390 million dengue virus infection per year. Dengue has distinct epidemiological patterns which are associated with the four virus serotypes. All four serotypes can co-circulate within a region, in which a number of regions are hyperendemic for all 4 serotypes. Currently, there are no specific treatment or vaccine for the disease. Dengue prevention depends on vector control measures and early interventions. The COVID-19 pandemic has placed immense pressure on health care and management systems worldwide. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the situation was aggravated by the simultaneous dengue outbreaks, that has led to a double burden which has further impacted the healthcare sector, particularly in resource limited settings. This review article will focus on dengue epidemics during the COVID-19 pandemic and discuss on recent findings on immunological cascades between dengue and COVID-19 and, the impact on vaccine development.},
}
@article {pmid35523316,
year = {2022},
author = {Froum, SJ and Shi, Y and Reis, N and Asvaplungprohm, T},
title = {A Narrative Review of the Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment of Halitosis Over the Past Three Decades.},
journal = {Compendium of continuing education in dentistry (Jamesburg, N.J. : 1995)},
volume = {43},
number = {5},
pages = {E5-eE8},
pmid = {35523316},
issn = {2158-1797},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; *Dental Caries ; *Halitosis/diagnosis/etiology/therapy ; Humans ; Mouthwashes/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Although the term "halitosis" was first coined in 1874, people have become increasingly aware of this problem more recently during the COVID-19 pandemic due to extensive wearing of protective masks. In fact, following dental caries and periodontal disease, halitosis is the third most prevalent reason for patients going to the dentist. Due to multifactorial etiology, the diagnosis of halitosis requires a rigorous health/dental/social history, a clinical examination, and measurements. The treatment ranges from the use of dentifrices, mouthwashes, tongue scraping, and masking products, and more recently includes photodynamic therapy, probiotics, and ozone. The purpose of this narrative review was to examine the published literature concerning halitosis over the past 30 years and discuss the diagnosis, etiology, and treatment of the disease.},
}
@article {pmid35485029,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {[COVID-19: Professional practices in closed institutional settings].},
journal = {Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France)},
volume = {Vol. 33},
number = {6},
pages = {979-989},
doi = {10.3917/spub.216.0979},
pmid = {35485029},
issn = {0995-3914},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Forensic Psychiatry ; Humans ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology/therapy ; Pandemics ; Professional Practice ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: While governments have focused efforts on implementing health measures such as physical distancing and confinement to protect communities from the spread of COVID-19, some researchers focused on the significant impact of these measures on mental health and well-being. Persons with mental disorders who are both institutionalized and justice-involved in psychiatric and forensic hospitals find themselves more vulnerable to these measures and more limited in their movements and activities.
AIMS: The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes in practice in response to the pandemic and their potential impact on individuals in institutional settings.
RESULTS: A rapid review including 69 publications identified nine major themes in the literature, which will serve as a framework to analyze the experience of one forensic psychiatry institution in Canada. These themes are: 1) population-specific vulnerability factors; 2) staff management and training; 3) early discharge, parole, and community integration; 4) management of contagion in closed spaces; 5) sanitary measures and personal protective equipment; 6) care and service continuity; 7) use of technology to maintain social ties and services; 8) legal mechanisms and individual rights; and 9) post-pandemic realities.
CONCLUSION: Although this is the first pandemic of such international magnitude, experts point to an increase in epidemics over the past decade and continued growth in the coming decades. It is thus essential to learn from this health crisis in order to be prepared and minimize their potential impact on vulnerable populations in the future. The reflections presented here could be contrasted with the lived-experiences of people in institutions in order to nuance the data and propose new strategies.},
}
@article {pmid35485028,
year = {2022},
author = {},
title = {[COVID-19 response capacity implementation in a Brazilian hospital].},
journal = {Sante publique (Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France)},
volume = {Vol. 33},
number = {6},
pages = {971-978},
doi = {10.3917/spub.216.0971},
pmid = {35485028},
issn = {0995-3914},
mesh = {Brazil/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Health Personnel ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {After the declaration of a public health emergency of international importance, hospitals have become a benchmark in the response to the pandemic. It is important to assess health professionals' response capacity to the COVID-19 pandemic at a referral hospital in Pernambuco, in northeastern Brazil. This study deals with qualitative evaluative research, of the case study type. Three methods were used to identify critical events: interviews with 18 healthcare professionals who had worked on the "front line" of care for people with COVID-19; direct observation in the sectors of this hospital; and literature review. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using MaxQDA Analytics pro 2020® software, using the Actor-Network Theory for analysis; and to interpret the critical events the categories of resilience: absorption, adaptation and transformation. It was found that the response capacity of professionals was influenced by five critical events: the arrival of cases, new ways to connect the patients with their social support network, social and personal impact on the daily life of professionals, insufficient supplies, essential equipment and confirmatory tests, and shortage and illness of professionals. In everyday experiences, the response capacity of professionals has led to a process of priority adaptation, which can accelerate important changes in the health system.},
}
@article {pmid35484577,
year = {2022},
author = {McNab, S and Scudder, E and Syed, U and Freedman, LP},
title = {Maternal and newborn health for the urban poor: the need for a new mental model and implementation strategies to accelerate progress.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {46},
pmid = {35484577},
issn = {1744-8603},
mesh = {*COVID-19 ; Female ; Humans ; *Infant Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Models, Psychological ; Pandemics ; Poverty Areas ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Urbanization challenges the assumptions that have traditionally influenced maternal and newborn health (MNH) programs. This landscaping outlines how current mental models for MNH programs have fallen short for urban slum populations and identifies implications for the global community. We employed a three-pronged approach, including a literature review, key informant interviews with global- and national-level experts, and a case study in Bangladesh.
MAIN BODY: Our findings highlight that the current mental model for MNH is inadequate to address the needs of the urban poor. Implementation challenges have arisen from using traditional methods that are not well adapted to traits inherent in slum settings. A re-thinking of implementation strategies will also need to consider a paucity of available routine data, lack of formal coordination between stakeholders and providers, and challenging municipal government structures. Innovative approaches, including with communications, outreach, and technology, will be necessary to move beyond traditional rural-centric approaches to MNH. As populations continue to urbanize, common slum dynamics will challenge conventional strategies for health service delivery. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed weaknesses in a system that requires intersectoral collaborations to deliver quality care.
CONCLUSION: Programs will need to be iterative and adaptive, reflective of sociodemographic features. Integrating the social determinants of health into evaluations, using participatory human-centered design processes, and innovative public-private partnerships may prove beneficial in slum settings. But a willingness to rethink the roles of all actors within the delivery system overall may be needed most.},
}
@article {pmid35234320,
year = {2022},
author = {Vetcho, S and Cooke, M and Petsky, H and Saito, A and Ullman, AJ},
title = {Family-centred care change during COVID-19.},
journal = {Nursing in critical care},
volume = {27},
number = {3},
pages = {460-468},
doi = {10.1111/nicc.12766},
pmid = {35234320},
issn = {1478-5153},
support = {//HDR Financial Support, Griffith Health Group Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia/ ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/epidemiology ; Communication ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Pandemics ; Parents ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Family-centred care (FCC) is an approach to promote family and health care provider partnership. This has been incorporated into neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) worldwide. However, FCC in low resource health settings, such as Thailand, is challenging and further impacted by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
AIMS: To evaluate FCC innovations to improve respect, collaboration and support in a Thai NICU.
STUDY DESIGN: A quasi-experimental study was conducted in an NICU in southern Thailand. Pre-implementation was prior to CO