@article {pmid33098753,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Ghafry, M and Aygun, B and Appiah-Kubi, A and Vlachos, A and Ostovar, G and Capone, C and Sweberg, T and Palumbo, N and Goenka, P and Wolfe, LW and Lipton, JM and Acharya, SS},
title = {Are children with SARS-CoV-2 infection at high risk for thrombosis? Viscoelastic testing and coagulation profiles in a case series of pediatric patients.},
journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer},
volume = {67},
number = {12},
pages = {e28737},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.28737},
pmid = {33098753},
issn = {1545-5017},
abstract = {The coagulopathy of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is well documented in adults, with increases in D-dimer and prothrombin time found to be strong predictors of mortality, and anticoagulation shown to decrease this mortality. Viscoelastic parameters such as elevations in maximum clot firmness (MCF) on rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) have correlated with a hypercoagulable state in adults with SARS-CoV-2. We report our experience in children infected with SARS-CoV-2, with noted elevations in D-dimer and MCF on ROTEM (indicating hypercoagulability). Exploration of viscoelastic testing to provide additional laboratory-based evidence for pediatric-specific risk assessment for thromboprophylaxis in SARS-CoV-2 is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid33098746,
year = {2020},
author = {Zabeen, B and Ahmed, B and Nahar, J},
title = {Young people with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump therapy could fast safely during COVID 19 pandemic Ramadan - a telemonitoring experience in Bangladesh.},
journal = {Journal of diabetes investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jdi.13449},
pmid = {33098746},
issn = {2040-1124},
abstract = {Our aim was to report our telemedicine experience with type 1 diabetes patients on insulin pumps who fasted during Ramadan 2020 at COVID 19 pandemic time. The routine diabetes outpatient care in our CDiC Paediatric Diabetes Center in BIRDEM hospital was closed as there was lock down since March 26 in Bangladesh. The diabetes team in our center started tele medicine care for routine follow up of patients. Nine patients contacted our diabetes team over phone who wished to fast this Ramadan. Mean age was 19.3 ± 5.0 years, 5 (55.6%) were female. Most of the patients fasted more than 20 days. Hyperglycaemia and mild hypoglycemia were common complications during fasting. There was no episode of severe hypoglycaemia or DKA and none of them required admission.During COVID-19 crisis in Bangladesh, patients with type 1 diabetes on insulin pump, could fast safely in Ramadan with support of telemedicine service by diabetes team.},
}
@article {pmid33098735,
year = {2020},
author = {Markey, K and Ventura, CAA and O' Donnell, C and Doody, O},
title = {Cultivating ethical leadership in the recovery of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of nursing management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jonm.13191},
pmid = {33098735},
issn = {1365-2834},
abstract = {AIM: The necessity of fostering ethical leadership in the recovery of COVID-19 is proposed.<br><br>BACKGROUND: Supporting physically and emotionally exhausted nurses, whilst ensuring quality standards of care delivery in the recovery phase of COVID-19, requires careful, considerate and proactive planning.<br><br>EVALUATION: Drawing on literature and utilising Lawton and Paez Gabriunas' (2015) integrated ethical leadership framework (purpose, practices, virtues), possible practical suggestions for the operationalisation of ethical leadership are proposed.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Nurse managers must maintain ethical vigilance in order to nurture values driven behaviour, demonstrating empathy and compassion for nurses experiencing physical and emotional exhaustion because of COVID-19. It is important that open dialogue, active listening and self-care interventions exist. Nurse managers have an essential role in inspiring and empowering nurses, building morale and a collective commitment to safe quality care.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Nurse managers need to consider ways of empowering, supporting and enabling nurses to apply ethical standards in every day practice.<br><br>Fostering ethical nurse leadership requires careful and sensitive planning, as well as charismatic, compassionate and inspirational leaders. Supporting staff through respect, empathy, role modelling and genuine conscientiousness is essential for increasing job performance and sustaining an ethical work environment.},
}
@article {pmid33098733,
year = {2020},
author = {Anders, RL},
title = {What can we learn from U.S. military nursing and COVID-19?.},
journal = {Nursing inquiry},
volume = {27},
number = {4},
pages = {e12384},
doi = {10.1111/nin.12384},
pmid = {33098733},
issn = {1440-1800},
}
@article {pmid33098713,
year = {2020},
author = {Nørgård, BM and Nielsen, J and Knudsen, T and Nielsen, RG and Larsen, MD and Jølving, LR and Kjeldsen, J},
title = {Hospitalization for COVID-19 in patients treated with selected immunosuppressant and immunomodulating agents, compared to the general population - a Danish cohort study.},
journal = {British journal of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bcp.14622},
pmid = {33098713},
issn = {1365-2125},
abstract = {AIMS: In the Danish population, we examined whether patients treated with thiopurines, methotrexate, systemic corticosteroids, anti-TNF-α agents, anti-interleukin therapeutic agents, selective immunosuppressive agents, and cyclosporine/tacrolimus had an increased risk of hospitalization for COVID- 19, compared to the background population.<br><br>METHODS: ANationwide cohort study including all people alive in Denmark by March 1, 2020. Exposed patients constituted those exposed to thiopurines (N=5,484), methotrexate (N=17,977), systemic corticosteroids (N=55,868), anti-TNF-α agents (N=17,857), anti-interleukin therapeutic agents (N=3,744), selective immunosuppressive agents (N=3,026), and cyclosporine/tacrolimus (N=1,143) in a period of 12 months prior to March 1, 2020 (estimated time of outbreak in Denmark). We estimated the adjusted risk of hospitalization for COVID-19 for patients treated with the above-mentioned categories of medications, compared to the rest of the population.<br><br>RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios of hospitalization in patients treated with corticosteroids and cyclosporine/tacrolimus were 1.64 (95% CI 1.35 to 2.00) and 4.75 (95% CI 1.96 to 11.49), respectively. The risks of hospitalization in patients treated with thiopurines, methotrexate, and anti-TNF-α agents, were 1.93 (95% CI 0.91 to 4.08), 0.74 (95% CI 0.43 to 1.28), 1.00 (95% CI 0.52 to 1.94), respectively. The number of outcomes in patients treated with anti-interleukin therapeutic agents and selective immunosuppressive agents was too small for analysis.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Patients treated with systemic corticosteroids and cyclosporine/tacrolimus had a significantly increased risk of being hospitalized for COVID-19. Our study does not uncover whether the increased risk is related to the drug itself, the underlying condition for which the patient is treated, or other factors.},
}
@article {pmid33098712,
year = {2020},
author = {Khan, SS and Marshall, CL and Stylianou, KA and McMullen, E and Griffiths, CEM and Warren, RB and Hunter, HJA},
title = {An evaluation of dermatology patients shielding during the COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ced.14489},
pmid = {33098712},
issn = {1365-2230},
abstract = {Many governments around the world have enforced social distancing strategies in an effort to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus, termed SARS-Co-V-2, which can lead to a fatal respiratory disease known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On 22nd March 2020 the UK government announced that over 1.5 million &quot;extremely vulnerable&quot; adults (those likely to suffer from more severe symptoms of COVID-19, such as age over 70, significant comorbidities or concurrent immunosuppression) would have to take additional measures and shield1 .},
}
@article {pmid33098701,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramos, PM and Ianhez, M and Miot, HA},
title = {Alopecia and Gray Hair Are Associated with COVID-19 Severity.},
journal = {Experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/exd.14220},
pmid = {33098701},
issn = {1600-0625},
abstract = {Individual vulnerability to severe acute respiratory syndrome due to COVID-19 has been associated with age and some comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.1 Men have an increased risk for severe disease; conversely, prepubescent males appear to be protected.},
}
@article {pmid33098693,
year = {2020},
author = {Agarwal, A and Hassanandani, T and Das, A and Panda, M and Chakravorty, S},
title = {&quot;Mask tinea&quot;: tinea faciei possibly potentiated by prolonged mask usage during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ced.14491},
pmid = {33098693},
issn = {1365-2230},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic emerged when India was already facing an epidemic-like situation of superficial dermatophytosis (tinea). The prevalence of tinea in India is currently 27.6%, with tinea faciei accounting for 1.8% cases.1 The use of face masks although necessary, has the potential to aggravate a worrisome situation in India.},
}
@article {pmid33098673,
year = {2020},
author = {Banke-Thomas, A and Chigozie Makwe, C and Balogun, M and Bukola Afolabi, B and Amaogechukwu Alex-Nwangwu, T and Anawo Ameh, C},
title = {Utilization cost of maternity services for childbirth among pregnant women with COVID-19 in Nigeria's epicenter.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13436},
pmid = {33098673},
issn = {1879-3479},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To estimate utilization cost of spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD) and caesarean delivery (CD) for pregnant women with Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) at the largest teaching hospital in Lagos, the pandemic's epicenter in Nigeria.<br><br>METHODS: We collected facility-based and household costs of all nine pregnant women with COVID-19 managed at the hospital. We compared their mean facility-based costs with those paid by pregnant women pre-COVID-19, identifying cost-drivers. We also estimated what would have been paid without subsidies, testing assumptions with a sensitivity analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Total utilization cost ranged from US$494 for SVD with mild COVID-19 to US$4,553 for emergency CD with severe COVID-19. Though 32-66% of facility-based cost were subsidized, cost of SVD and CD during the pandemic have doubled and tripled respectively compared to those paid pre-COVID. Of the facility-based costs, cost of personal protective equipment (PPE) was the major cost-driver (50%). Oxygen was the major driver for women with severe COVID-19 (48%). Excluding treatment costs for COVID-19, mean facility-based costs were US$228 (SVD) and US$948 (CD).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Despite cost exemptions and donations, utilization costs remain prohibitive. Regulation of PPE and medical oxygen supply chains and expansion of advocacy for health insurance enrolments are needed to minimize catastrophic health expenditure.},
}
@article {pmid33098645,
year = {2020},
author = {Santoro, F and Monitillo, F and Raimondo, P and Lopizzo, A and Brindicci, G and Gilio, M and Musaico, F and Mazzola, M and Vestito, D and Di Benedetto, R and Abumayyaleh, M and El-Battrawy, I and Santoro, CR and Di Martino, LFM and Akin, I and De Stefano, G and Fiorilli, R and Cannone, M and Saracino, A and Angarano, S and Carbonara, S and Grasso, S and Di Biase, L and Brunetti, ND},
title = {QTc interval prolongation and life-threatening arrhythmias during hospitalization in patients with COVID-19. Results from a multi-center prospective registry.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1578},
pmid = {33098645},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prolonged QTc interval and life-threatening arrhythmias (LTA) are potential drug induced complications previously reported with antimalarial, antivirals and antibiotics.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To evaluate prevalence and predictors of QTc interval prolongation and incidence of LTA during hospitalization for COVID-19 among patients with normal admission QTc.<br><br>METHODS: 110 consecutive patients were enrolled in a multicenter international registry. 12-lead ECG was performed at admission, after 7 and 14 days; QTc values were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifteen (14%) patients developed a prolonged-QTc (pQT) after 7 days (mean QTc increase 66±20msec, +16%, p<0.001); these patients were older, had higher basal heart rates, higher rates of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, lower platelet count. QTc increase was inversely proportional to baseline QTc levels and leukocyte count and directly to basal heart rates(p<0.01).At multivariate stepwise analysis including age, male gender, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, basal QTc values, basal heart rate and dual antiviral therapy, age(OR 1.06, 95% C.I. 1.00-1.13, p<0.05), basal heart rate(OR 1.07, 95% C.I. 1.02-1.13, p<0.01) and dual antiviral therapy(OR 12.46, 95% C.I. 2.09-74.20, p<0.1) were independent predictors of QT-prolongation.Incidence of LTA during hospitalization was 3.6%. One patient experienced cardiac arrest and three non-sustained ventricular tachycardia. LTAs were recorded after a median of 9 days from hospitalization and were associated with 50% of mortality rate.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: After 7 days of hospitalization, 14% of patients with Covid-19 developed pQTc; age, basal heart rate and dual antiviral therapy were found as independent predictor of pQTc. Life threatening arrhythmias have an incidence of 3.6% and were associated with poor outcome.},
}
@article {pmid33098643,
year = {2020},
author = {Sun, H and Jain, A and Leone, MJ and Alabsi, HS and Brenner, LN and Ye, E and Ge, W and Shao, YP and Boutros, CL and Wang, R and Tesh, RA and Magdamo, C and Collens, SI and Ganglberger, W and Bassett, IV and Meigs, JB and Kalpathy-Cramer, J and Li, MD and Chu, JT and Dougan, ML and Stratton, LW and Rosand, J and Fischl, B and Das, S and Mukerji, SS and Robbins, GK and Westover, MB},
title = {CoVA: An Acuity Score for Outpatient Screening that Predicts COVID-19 Prognosis.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaa663},
pmid = {33098643},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: We sought to develop an automatable score to predict hospitalization, critical illness, or death for patients at risk for COVID-19 presenting for urgent care.<br><br>METHODS: We developed the COVID-19 Acuity Score (CoVA) based on a single-center study of adult outpatients seen in respiratory illness clinics (RICs) or the emergency department (ED). Data was extracted from the Partners Enterprise Data Warehouse, and split into development (n = 9381, March 7-May 2) and prospective (n = 2205, May 3-14) cohorts. Outcomes were hospitalization, critical illness (ICU or ventilation), or death within 7 days. Calibration was assessed using the expected-to-observed event ratio (E/O). Discrimination was assessed by area under the receiver operating curve (AUC).<br><br>RESULTS: In the prospective cohort, 26.1%, 6.3%, and 0.5% of patients experienced hospitalization, critical illness, or death, respectively. CoVA showed excellent performance in prospective validation for hospitalization (expected-to-observed ratio (E/O): 1.01, AUC: 0.76); for critical illness (E/O 1.03, AUC: 0.79); and for death (E/O: 1.63, AUC=0.93). Among 30 predictors, the top five were age, diastolic blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, COVID-19 testing status, and respiratory rate.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CoVA is a prospectively validated automatable score for the outpatient setting to predict adverse events related to COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid33098641,
year = {2020},
author = {Ali, E and Badawi, M and Abdelmahmuod, E and Kohla, S and Yassin, MA},
title = {Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Concomitant with COVID 19: A Case Report.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {e926062},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.926062},
pmid = {33098641},
issn = {1941-5923},
abstract = {BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease that is not yet fully understood. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that is easily transmitted from human to human through the respiratory route. Usually, it presents with fever, headache, fatigue accompanied by respiratory symptoms like cough and dyspnea, and other systemic involvements. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common lymphoproliferative neoplasm characterized by absolute lymphocytosis and demonstration of clonality unlike other causes of lymphocytosis. Patients with CLL are considered immunocompromised because of impaired humoral immunity (mainly) and cellular immunity. Therefore, they are vulnerable to various infections including COVID-19. Little is known about the COVID-19 infection when it unmasks CLL. CASE REPORT A 49-year-old man with no significant previous illnesses, and an unremarkable family history, presented with a moderate COVID-19 infection. He initially presented to the emergency department with fever and mild shortness of breath. A complete blood count showed a high white blood cell count with absolute lymphocytosis. Flow cytometry revealed the clonality of the lymphocytes confirming the diagnosis of CLL. Despite having CLL, he developed a moderate COVID-19 infection and recovered in a few days. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CLL, which presented with a COVID-19 infection as the initial presentation. CONCLUSIONS Lymphocytosis is an unexpected finding in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and the elevated lymphocytes may be indicative of other conditions. Secondary causes of lymphocytosis like malignancy or other infections should be considered in these cases.},
}
@article {pmid33098636,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramakrishna, JM and Libertin, CR and Siegel, J and Binnicker, MJ and Harris, D and Matcha, GV and Caulfield, T and Freeman, WD},
title = {Three-tier stratification for CNS COVID-19 to help decide which patients should undergo lumbar puncture with CSF analysis: A case report and literature review.},
journal = {Romanian journal of internal medicine = Revue roumaine de medecine interne},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2478/rjim-2020-0031},
pmid = {33098636},
issn = {2501-062X},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic continues to overwhelm global healthcare systems. While the disease primarily causes pulmonary complications, reports of central nervous system (CNS) involvement have recently emerged ranging from encephalopathy to stroke. This raises a practical dilemma for clinicians as to when to pursue neuroimaging and lumbar tap with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in COVID-19 patients with neurological symptoms. We present a case of an encephalopathic patient infected with SARS-CoV-2 with no pulmonary symptoms. We propose a three-tier risk stratification for CNS COVID-19 aiming to help clinicians to decide which patients should undergo CSF analysis. The neurological examination remains an integral component of screening and evaluating patients for COVID-19 considering the range of emerging CNS complications.},
}
@article {pmid33098610,
year = {2020},
author = {Pourani, MR and Nekooghadam, SM and Youssefian, L and Vahidnezhad, H and Abdollahimajd, F},
title = {CD147 inhibitors as a treatment for melanoma: promising agents against SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Dermatologic therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14449},
doi = {10.1111/dth.14449},
pmid = {33098610},
issn = {1529-8019},
}
@article {pmid33098607,
year = {2020},
author = {Chang, MJ and Lipner, SR},
title = {Caring for Blind and Vision Impaired Dermatological Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Dermatologic therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dth.14448},
pmid = {33098607},
issn = {1529-8019},
}
@article {pmid33098588,
year = {2020},
author = {Kempuraj, D and Thangavel, R and Kempuraj, DD and Ahmed, ME and Selvakumar, GP and Raikwar, SP and Zaheer, SA and Iyer, SS and Govindarajan, R and Chandrasekaran, PN and Zaheer, A},
title = {Neuroprotective effects of flavone luteolin in neuroinflammation and neurotrauma.},
journal = {BioFactors (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/biof.1687},
pmid = {33098588},
issn = {1872-8081},
support = {//VA Research Career Scientist Award/ ; //Leonard Wood Institute, # W911NF-14-2-0034./ ; },
abstract = {Neuroinflammation leads to neurodegeneration, cognitive defects, and neurodegenerative disorders. Neurotrauma/traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause activation of glial cells, neurons, and neuroimmune cells in the brain to release neuroinflammatory mediators. Neurotrauma leads to immediate primary brain damage (direct damage), neuroinflammatory responses, neuroinflammation, and late secondary brain damage (indirect) through neuroinflammatory mechanism. Secondary brain damage leads to chronic inflammation and the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Currently, there are no effective and specific therapeutic options to treat these brain damages or neurodegenerative diseases. Flavone luteolin is an important natural polyphenol present in several plants that show anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, cytoprotective, and macrophage polarization effects. In this short review article, we have reviewed the neuroprotective effects of luteolin in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative disorders and pathways involved in this mechanism. We have collected data for this study from publications in the PubMed using the keywords luteolin and mast cells, neuroinflammation, neurodegenerative diseases, and TBI. Recent reports suggest that luteolin suppresses systemic and neuroinflammatory responses in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Studies have shown that luteolin exhibits neuroprotective effects through various mechanisms, including suppressing immune cell activation, such as mast cells, and inflammatory mediators released from these cells. In addition, luteolin can suppress neuroinflammatory response, activation of microglia and astrocytes, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and the severity of neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and TBI pathogenesis. In conclusion, luteolin can improve cognitive decline and enhance neuroprotection in neurodegenerative diseases, TBI, and stroke.},
}
@article {pmid33098579,
year = {2020},
author = {Scharmer, C and Martinez, K and Gorrell, S and Reilly, EE and Donahue, JM and Anderson, DA},
title = {Eating disorder pathology and compulsive exercise during the COVID-19 public health emergency: Examining risk associated with COVID-19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty.},
journal = {The International journal of eating disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/eat.23395},
pmid = {33098579},
issn = {1098-108X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has led to disruptions in daily living and increased uncertainty about physical, financial, social, and psychological consequences, which may contribute to anxiety, eating disorder (ED) pathology, and compulsive exercise. Individual factors, such as intolerance of uncertainty, may impact risk for ED pathology and CE in response to COVID-19 anxiety. The current study examined associations between COVID-19 anxiety, trait intolerance of uncertainty, and COVID-19 intolerance of uncertainty and ED pathology and compulsive exercise.<br><br>METHOD: Undergraduate participants (N = 295) completed a series of online questionnaires between March and April of 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: COVID-19 anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty were associated with ED pathology, but not compulsive exercise. Additionally, both trait and COVID-19 intolerance of uncertainty moderated associations between COVID-19 anxiety and compulsive exercise and ED pathology. COVID-19 anxiety was more strongly related to compulsive exercise and ED pathology for individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty.<br><br>DISCUSSION: COVID-19 anxiety may increase risk for ED pathology and may be specifically important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise among individuals with lower intolerance of uncertainty. These results contribute to a growing body of research aimed at understanding the mental health consequences of the COVID-19 and suggest that individual factors (e.g., anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty) are important in determining risk for ED pathology and compulsive exercise in the context of the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33098568,
year = {2020},
author = {Di Martino, D and Chiaffarino, F and Patanè, L and Prefumo, F and Vergani, P and Ornaghi, S and Savasi, V and Spinillo, A and Cromi, A and D'Ambrosi, F and Tassis, B and Iurlaro, E and Parazzini, F and Ferrazzi, E},
title = {Assessing risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19 in a pregnant population: A clinical series from Lombardy, Italy.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13435},
pmid = {33098568},
issn = {1879-3479},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global health emergency [1, 2], with Lombardy being the epicenter of this outbreak in Italy [3].},
}
@article {pmid33098549,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, T},
title = {Persistence of humoral and cellular immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection: opportunities and challenges.},
journal = {Frontiers of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11684-020-0823-4},
pmid = {33098549},
issn = {2095-0225},
}
@article {pmid33098540,
year = {2020},
author = {Fan, BE and Ng, J and Chan, SSW and Christopher, D and Tso, ACY and Ling, LM and Young, BE and Wong, LJL and Sum, CLL and Tan, HT and Ang, MK and Lim, GH and Ong, KH and Kuperan, P and Chia, YW},
title = {COVID-19 associated coagulopathy in critically ill patients: A hypercoagulable state demonstrated by parameters of haemostasis and clot waveform analysis.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11239-020-02318-x},
pmid = {33098540},
issn = {1573-742X},
abstract = {Patients with COVID-19 are known to be at risk of developing both venous, arterial and microvascular thrombosis, due to an excessive immuno-thrombogenic response to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overlapping syndromes of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy with consumptive coagulopathy and microangiopathy can be seen in critically ill patients as well. Blood was collected from 12 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with severe COVID-19 who were on either mechanical ventilation or on high flow oxygen with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio of <300 mmHg. Laboratory tests were performed for parameters of haemostasis, clot waveform analysis and anti-phospholipid antibodies. CWA parameters were raised with elevated aPTT median Min1 (clot velocity) 9.3%/s (IQR 7.1-9.9%/s), elevated PT median Min1 10.3%/s (IQR 7.1-11.1%/s), elevated aPTT median Min2 (clot acceleration) 1.5%/s2 (IQR 1.0-1.6%/s2), elevated PT median Min2 5.2%/s2 (3.6-5.7%/s2), elevated aPTT median Max2 (clot deceleration) 1.3%/s2 (IQR 0.8-1.4%/s2) elevated PT median Max2 3.8%/s2 (IQR 2.6-4.2%/s2), increased aPTT median Delta change (decreased light transmission due to increased clot formation) 87.8% (IQR 70.2-91.8%) and PT median Delta change 33.0%. This together with raised median Factor VIII levels of 262.5%, hyperfibrinogenemia (median fibrinogen levels 7.5 g/L), increased median von Willebrand factor antigen levels 320% and elevated median D-dimer levels 1.7 μg/dl support the diagnosis of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy. A lupus anticoagulant was present in 50% of patients. Our laboratory findings further support the view that severe SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a state of hypercoagulability.},
}
@article {pmid33098532,
year = {2020},
author = {Hoffmann, C and Wolf, E},
title = {Older age groups and country-specific case fatality rates of COVID-19 in Europe, USA and Canada.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s15010-020-01538-w},
pmid = {33098532},
issn = {1439-0973},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between the percentages of older age groups among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and the country-specific case fatality rate (CFR).<br><br>METHODS: This ecological study analyzed data from the 20 most severely affected European countries, USA and Canada, in which national health authorities provided data on age distribution and gender among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths.<br><br>RESULTS: The proportion of individuals older than 70 years among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases differed markedly between the countries, ranging from 4.9 to 40.4%. There was a strong linear association between the proportion of individuals older than 75 years and the country-specific CFRs (R2 = 0.803 for all countries, R2 = 0.961 after exclusion of three countries with incongruent data). Each 5% point increase of this older age group among confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases was associated with an increase in CFR of 2.5% points (95% CI 1.9-3.1).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Data from 20 European countries and the USA and Canada showed that the variance of crude CFR of COVID-19 is predominantly (80-96%) determined by the proportion of older individuals who are diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. The age distribution of SARS-CoV-2 infections is still far from being homogeneous. Detailed demographic data have to be taken into account in all the analyses on COVID-19-associated mortality. We urgently call for standardized data collection by national health authorities.},
}
@article {pmid33098478,
year = {2020},
author = {Hectors, SJ and Riyahi, S and Dev, H and Krishnan, K and Margolis, DJA and Prince, MR},
title = {Multivariate analysis of CT imaging, laboratory, and demographical features for prediction of acute kidney injury in COVID-19 patients: a Bi-centric analysis.},
journal = {Abdominal radiology (New York)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00261-020-02823-w},
pmid = {33098478},
issn = {2366-0058},
support = {UL1 TR000457/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To develop and externally validate a multivariate prediction model for the prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19, based on baseline renal perfusion from contrast-enhanced CT together with clinical and laboratory parameters.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective IRB-approved study, we identified COVID-19 patients who had a standard-of-care contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan within 5 days of their COVID-19 diagnosis at our institution (training set; n = 45, mean age 65 years, M/F 23/22) and at a second institution (validation set; n = 41, mean age 61 years, M/F 22/19). The CT renal perfusion parameter, cortex-to-aorta enhancement index (CAEI), was measured in both sets. A multivariate logistic regression model for predicting AKI was constructed from the training set with stepwise feature selection with CAEI together with demographical and baseline laboratory/clinical data used as input variables. Model performance in the training and validation set was evaluated with ROC analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: AKI developed in 16 patients (35.6%) of the training set and in 6 patients (14.6%) of the validation set. Baseline CAEI was significantly lower in the patients that ultimately developed AKI (P = 0.003). Logistic regression identified a model combining baseline CAEI, blood urea nitrogen, and gender as most significant predictor of AKI. This model showed excellent diagnostic performance for prediction of AKI in the training set (AUC = 0.89, P < 0.001) and good performance in the validation set (AUC 0.78, P = 0.030).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results show diminished renal perfusion preceding AKI and a promising role of CAEI, combined with laboratory and demographic markers, for prediction of AKI in COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33098476,
year = {2020},
author = {Ionescu, MI},
title = {An Overview of the Crystallized Structures of the SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {The protein journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10930-020-09933-w},
pmid = {33098476},
issn = {1875-8355},
support = {PN-IIIP4-ID-PCCF-2016-0016//Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS - UEFISCDI/ ; PN-III-P1-1.1-MCD-2018-0108//Ministry of Research and Innovation, CNCS - UEFISCDI/ ; },
abstract = {Many research teams all over the world focus their research on the SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus that causes the so-called COVID-19 disease. Most of the studies identify the main protease or 3C-like protease (Mpro/3CLpro) as a valid target for large-spectrum inhibitors. Also, the interaction of the human receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) with the viral surface glycoprotein (S) is studied in depth. Structural studies tried to identify the residues responsible for enhancement/weaken virus-ACE2 interactions or the cross-reactivity of the neutralizing antibodies. Although the understanding of the immune system and the hyper-inflammatory process in COVID-19 are crucial for managing the immediate and the long-term consequences of the disease, not many X-ray/NMR/cryo-EM crystals are available. In addition to 3CLpro, the crystal structures of other nonstructural proteins offer valuable information for elucidating some aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Thus, the structural analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 is currently mainly focused on three directions-finding Mpro/3CLpro inhibitors, the virus-host cell invasion, and the virus-neutralizing antibody interaction.},
}
@article {pmid33098468,
year = {2020},
author = {Sainz-Amo, R and Baena-Álvarez, B and Pareés, I and Sánchez-Díez, G and Pérez-Torre, P and López-Sendón, JL and Fanjul-Arbos, S and Monreal, E and Corral-Corral, I and García-Barragán, N and Martínez-Castrillo, JC and Fasano, A and Alonso-Cánovas, A},
title = {COVID-19 in Parkinson's disease: what holds the key?.},
journal = {Journal of neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10272-0},
pmid = {33098468},
issn = {1432-1459},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease (PD) is more frequent in the elderly and increases the risk of respiratory infections. Previous data on PD and SARS-CoV-2 are scarce, suggesting a poor prognosis in advanced disease and second-line therapies.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective case-control study comparing patients with PD and COVID-19 and patients with PD without COVID-19 was conducted during the pandemic period in Spain (March 1st-July 31st 2020) in a tertiary university hospital.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-nine (COVID-19 +) and 172 (COVID-19-) PD patients were included. Fifty-nine percent were males in both groups, with similar age (75.9 ± 9.0 COVID-19 + , 73.9 ± 10.0 COVID-19-), disease duration (8.9 ± 6.2 COVID-19 + , 8.5 ± 5.6 COVID-19-) and PD treatments. COVID-19 was mild in 10 (26%), required admission in 21 (54%) and caused death in 8 (21%) patients. Dementia was the only comorbidity more frequent in COVID-19 + patients (36% vs. 14%, p = 0.0013). However, in a multivariate analysis, institutionalization was the only variable associated with COVID-19 + (OR 17.0, 95% CI 5.0-60.0, p < 0.001). When considering severe COVID-19 (admission or death) vs. mild or absent COVID-19, institutionalization, neoplasm, dementia and a lower frequency of dopamine agonists were associated with severe COVID-19. In multivariate analysis, only institutionalization [OR 5.17, 95% CI 1.57-17, p = 0.004] and neoplasm [OR 8.0, 95%CI 1.27-49.8, p = 0.027] remained significantly associated.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In our experience, institutionalization and oncologic comorbidity, rather than PD-related variables, increased the risk of developing COVID-19, and impacted on its severity. These findings suggest that epidemiologic factors and frailty are key factors for COVID-19 morbidity/mortality in PD. Appropriate preventive strategies should be implemented in institutionalized patients to prevent infection and improve prognosis.},
}
@article {pmid33098441,
year = {2020},
author = {West, EA and Anker, D and Amati, R and Richard, A and Wisniak, A and Butty, A and Albanese, E and Bochud, M and Chiolero, A and Crivelli, L and Cullati, S and d'Acremont, V and Epure, AM and Fehr, J and Flahault, A and Fornerod, L and Frank, I and Frei, A and Michel, G and Gonseth, S and Guessous, I and Imboden, M and Kahlert, CR and Kaufmann, L and Kohler, P and Mösli, N and Paris, D and Probst-Hensch, N and Rodondi, N and Stringhini, S and Vermes, T and Vollrath, F and Puhan, MA and , },
title = {Corona Immunitas: study protocol of a nationwide program of SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and seroepidemiologic studies in Switzerland.},
journal = {International journal of public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00038-020-01494-0},
pmid = {33098441},
issn = {1661-8564},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Seroprevalence studies to assess the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population and subgroups are key for evaluating mitigation and vaccination policies and for understanding the spread of the disease both on the national level and for comparison with the international community.<br><br>METHODS: Corona Immunitas is a research program of coordinated, population-based, seroprevalence studies implemented by Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+). Over 28,340 participants, randomly selected and age-stratified, with some regional specificities will be included. Additional studies in vulnerable and highly exposed subpopulations are also planned. The studies will assess population immunological status during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Phase one (first wave of pandemic) estimates from Geneva showed a steady increase in seroprevalence up to 10.8% (95% CI 8.2-13.9, n = 775) by May 9, 2020. Since June, Zurich, Lausanne, Basel City/Land, Ticino, and Fribourg recruited a total of 5973 participants for phase two thus far.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Corona Immunitas will generate reliable, comparable, and high-quality serological and epidemiological data with extensive coverage of Switzerland and of several subpopulations, informing health policies and decision making in both economic and societal sectors. ISRCTN Registry: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN18181860 .},
}
@article {pmid33098427,
year = {2020},
author = {Lalli, MA and Langmade, SJ and Chen, X and Fronick, CC and Sawyer, CS and Burcea, LC and Wilkinson, MN and Fulton, RS and Heinz, M and Buchser, WJ and Head, RD and Mitra, RD and Milbrandt, J},
title = {Rapid and extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva by colorimetric reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/clinchem/hvaa267},
pmid = {33098427},
issn = {1530-8561},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rapid, reliable, and widespread testing is required to curtail the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Current gold standard nucleic acid tests are hampered by supply shortages in critical reagents including nasal swabs, RNA extraction kits, personal protective equipment, instrumentation, and labor.<br><br>METHODS: To overcome these challenges, we developed a rapid colorimetric assay using reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) optimized on human saliva samples without an RNA purification step. We describe the optimization of saliva pretreatment protocols to enable analytically sensitive viral detection by RT-LAMP. We optimized the RT-LAMP reaction conditions and implemented high-throughput unbiased methods for assay interpretation. We tested whether saliva pretreatment could also enable viral detection by conventional reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Finally, we validated these assays on clinical samples.<br><br>RESULTS: The optimized saliva pretreatment protocol enabled analytically sensitive extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva by colorimetric RT-LAMP or RT-qPCR. In simulated samples, the optimized RT-LAMP assay had a limit of detection of 59 (95% confidence interval: 44-104) particle copies per reaction. We highlighted the flexibility of LAMP assay implementation using three readouts: naked-eye colorimetry, spectrophotometry, and real-time fluorescence. In a set of 30 clinical saliva samples, colorimetric RT-LAMP and RT-qPCR assays performed directly on pretreated saliva samples without RNA extraction had accuracies greater than 90%.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Rapid and extraction-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva by colorimetric RT-LAMP is a simple, sensitive, and cost-effective approach with broad potential to expand diagnostic testing for the virus causing COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33098426,
year = {2020},
author = {Kronenfeld, JP and Penedo, FJ},
title = {Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19): telemedicine and remote care delivery in a time of medical crisis, implementation, and challenges.},
journal = {Translational behavioral medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/tbm/ibaa105},
pmid = {33098426},
issn = {1613-9860},
abstract = {The novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to many challenges throughout the world, one of which is the delivery of health care to patients while they remain home. Telemedicine, or the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies to support and promote long-distance clinical health care, has been utilized by health care providers for many years, but its widespread implementation did not occur until the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently, it has become the primary mechanism of care delivery for patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While obstacles are present for hospitals and providers to establish these services, most barriers exist with patient access. Patients require advanced technical support, translator services, and other measures to become comfortable engaging in a telemedicine encounter. In addition, appropriate follow-up must be provided for chronic medical illnesses and malignancies, helping to prevent the evolution of these conditions during the COVID-19 crisis. Finally, we must ensure equity for all patients seeking to access health services, including those of lower socioeconomic status. Many of these patients rely on public hotspots or library computers for their internet connectivity, but this is likely not conducive to a clinical encounter. These barriers must be addressed to ensure health equity for all patients seeking care. Telemedicine can connect patients and providers during this time of crisis and hopefully will serve as a model for continued use after the pandemic has abated.},
}
@article {pmid33098423,
year = {2020},
author = {Brooks, AT and Allen, HK and Thornton, L and Trevorrow, T},
title = {Behavioral medicine challenges in the shadow of a global pandemic.},
journal = {Translational behavioral medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/tbm/ibaa106},
pmid = {33098423},
issn = {1613-9860},
abstract = {Health behavior researchers should refocus and retool as it becomes increasingly clear that the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic surpass the direct effects of COVID-19 and include unique, drastic, and ubiquitous consequences for health behavior. The circumstances of the pandemic have created a natural experiment, allowing researchers focusing on a wide range of health behaviors and populations with the opportunity to use previously collected and future data to study: (a) changes in health behavior prepandemic and postpandemic, (b) health behavior prevalence and needs amidst the pandemic, and (c) the effects of the pandemic on short- and long-term health behavior. Our field is particularly challenged as we attempt to consider biopsychosocial, political, and environmental factors that affect health and health behavior. These realities, while daunting, should call us to action to refocus and retool our research, prevention, and intervention efforts.},
}
@article {pmid33098417,
year = {2020},
author = {Grenache, DG and Ye, C and Bradfute, SB},
title = {Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies to an automated chemiluminescent serological immunoassay.},
journal = {The journal of applied laboratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jalm/jfaa195},
pmid = {33098417},
issn = {2576-9456},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are capable of binding to a virus to render incapable of infection. The ability of commercially available SARS-CoV-2 serological tests to detect NAbs has not been widely reported. We sought to correlate the antibodies detected by an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay with NAbs.<br><br>METHODS: Residual serum samples from 35 patients that had a positive antibody test using the LIAISON® SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 IgG chemiluminescent immunoassay and two antibody-negative control sera were tested for NAbs using a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT).<br><br>RESULTS: NAbs were detected in 66% (23/35) of the antibody-positive samples. The immunoassay signal value ranged from 21.7 to 131.3 AU/mL (median, 90.5) with significant correlation between it and the PRNT (r = 0.61, p = 0.002). In the samples without NAbs, the immunoassay signal ranged from 16.3 to 66.2 AU/mL (median, 27.2). An immunoassay signal cutoff of > 41 AU/mL was 91% sensitive and 92% specific for the detection of NAbs.<br><br>DISCUSSION: It is important that correlates of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 be identified and NAbs are considered to be central indicators of such. PRNT is the gold-standard test for identifying NAbs but it cannot be used for large-scale testing of populations. It is necessary to establish relationships between it and widely used commercial serological assays for SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33098412,
year = {2020},
author = {Basile, K and McPhie, K and Carter, I and Alderson, S and Rahman, H and Donovan, L and Kumar, S and Tran, T and Ko, D and Sivaruban, T and Ngo, C and Toi, C and O'Sullivan, MV and Sintchenko, V and Chen, SC and Maddocks, S and Dwyer, DE and Kok, J},
title = {Cell-based culture of SARS-CoV-2 informs infectivity and safe de-isolation assessments during COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1579},
pmid = {33098412},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in respiratory samples collected from persons recovered from COVID-19 does not necessarily indicate shedding of infective virions. By contrast, the isolation of SARS-CoV-2 using cell-based culture likely indicates infectivity, but there are limited data on the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 culture and PCR.<br><br>METHODS: One hundred and ninety-five patients with varying severity of COVID-19 were tested (outpatients [n=178]), inpatients [n=12] and critically unwell patients admitted to the intensive care unit [ICU; n=5]). SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive samples were cultured in Vero C1008 cells and inspected daily for cytopathic effect (CPE). SARS-CoV-2-induced CPE was confirmed by PCR of culture supernatant. Where no CPE was observed, PCR was performed on day four to confirm absence of virus replication. Cycle threshold (Ct) of the day four PCR (Ctculture) and the PCR of the original clinical sample (Ctsample) were compared, and positive cultures were defined where Ctsample - Ctculture was ≥3.<br><br>FINDINGS: Of 234 samples collected, 228 (97%) were from the upper respiratory tract. SARS-CoV-2 was only successfully isolated from samples with Ctsample ≤32, including in 28/181 (15%), 19/42 (45%) and 9/11 samples (82%) collected from outpatients, inpatients, and ICU patients, respectively. The mean duration from symptom onset to culture positivity was 4.5 days (range 0-18). SARS-CoV-2 was significantly more likely to be isolated from samples collected from inpatients (p<0∙001) and ICU patients (p<0∙0001) compared with outpatients respectively, and in samples with lower Ctsample.<br><br>CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 culture may be used as a surrogate marker for infectivity and inform de-isolation protocols.},
}
@article {pmid33098401,
year = {2020},
author = {Maveddat, A and Mallah, H and Rao, S and Ali, K and Sherali, S and Nugent, K},
title = {Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Secondary to Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).},
journal = {The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {157-178},
doi = {10.15171/ijoem.2019.2202},
pmid = {33098401},
issn = {2008-6814},
abstract = {The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and has created a worldwide pandemic. Many patients with this infection have an asymptomatic or mild illness, but a small percentage of patients require hospitalization and intensive care. Patients with respiratory tract involvement have a spectrum of presentations that range from scattered ground-glass infiltrates to diffuse infiltrates with consolidation. Patients with the latter radiographic presentation have severe hypoxemia and usually require mechanical ventilation. In addition, some patients develop multiorgan failure, deep venous thrombi with pulmonary emboli, and cytokine storm syndrome. The respiratory management of these patients should focus on using low tidal volume ventilation with low intrathoracic pressures. Some patients have significant recruitable lung and may benefit from higher positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels and/or prone positioning. There is no well-established anti-viral treatment for this infection; the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has provided emergency use authorization for convalescent plasma and remdesivir for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. In addition, randomized trials have demonstrated that dexamethasone improves outcomes in patients on mechanical ventilators or on oxygen. There are ongoing trials of other drugs which have the potential to moderate the acute inflammatory state seen in some of these patients. These patients often need prolonged high-level intensive care. Hospitals are confronted with significant challenges in patient management, supply management, health care worker safety, and health care worker burnout.},
}
@article {pmid33098398,
year = {2020},
author = {Pirjani, R and Rabiei, M and Abiri, A and Moini, A},
title = {An Overview on Guidelines on COVID-19 Virus and Natural and Assisted Reproductive Techniques Pregnancies.},
journal = {International journal of fertility &amp; sterility},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {264-271},
doi = {10.22074/IJFS.2020.46230},
pmid = {33098398},
issn = {2008-076X},
abstract = {In this article, we reviewed and compared some of COVID-19 and pregnancy guidelines; this can be useful for pregnant women including those with a history of infertility specially those undergone assisted reproductive techniques (ART). The general advice given for prenatal care is to reduce face-to-face visits. All women who refer for prenatal visits should be evaluated for signs of the infection at the time of entry. The triage of suspected women should be done separately from other patients. Outpatient monitoring with a 14-day selfquarantine can be considered for asymptomatic infected women and for those with mild symptoms. Inpatient management criteria include moderate to severe symptoms and the target level of oxygen saturation is 92 to 95% in different guidelines. In the presence of fever, it is important to conduct a thorough examination of other causes of the fever. It is important to monitor fluid intake and output, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and prevent fluid overload. Thromboembolic prophylaxis is recommended. Corticosteroid administration is based on obstetrics indications, while in critical ill cases, it should be based on multi-disciplinary teams (MDT) decision. A positive COVID-19 result in the absence of other obstetrics causes, cannot be considered an indication for delivery in mild and asymptomatic cases. In critically ill pregnant women, an individualized decision should be made about delivery time by the MDT. General anesthetic should be avoided unless inevitable for standard procedures such as intubation is an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP). There is agreement on the point that babies born to infected mothers, even if isolated from the mother at birth, should be considered a close contact of the mother and tested for COVID-19 and separated from other neonates. Breastfeeding is encouraged and hand hygiene and face mask during feeding are highly recommended by all guidelines.},
}
@article {pmid33098397,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahdian, S and Shahhoseini, M and Moini, A},
title = {COVID-19 Mediated by Basigin Can Affect Male and Female Fertility.},
journal = {International journal of fertility &amp; sterility},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {262-263},
doi = {10.22074/ijfs.2020.134702},
pmid = {33098397},
issn = {2008-076X},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevalence has caused many problems in society and disrupted many regular aspects of life. COVID-19 contains major structural proteins that among them, S protein can promote fusion of the viral and cellular membranes and facilitate the entry of coronavirus into the host cells. Basigin (BSG) is one of the most important receptors for COVID-19 that mediates its entry to host cells. Also, Basigin has an important role in male and female reproduction. Basigin is expressed in the uterus and plays an important role during embryo implantation and needed for successful implantation. Therefore, disruption or inhibition of Basigin causes to a weakness in embryo implantation. Therefore, if a woman or a man is infected with COVID-19, it is recommended that they do not attempt to conception until their treatment is complete. It is also recommended tests for COVID-19 be performed on infertile couples before using assisted reproductive technology (ART).},
}
@article {pmid33098359,
year = {2020},
author = {Zeng, HL and Di, C and Yan, J and Yang, Q and Han, QQ and Li, SS and Cheng, L},
title = {Proteomic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in critical COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.15609},
pmid = {33098359},
issn = {1742-4658},
abstract = {Up to 10-20% of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) develop a severe pulmonary disease due to immune dysfunction and cytokine dysregulation. However, the extracellular proteomic characteristics in respiratory tract of these critical COVID-19 still remains to be investigated. In the present study, we performed a quantitative proteomic analysis of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with critical COVID-19 and from non-COVID-19 controls. Our study identified 358 differentially expressed BALF proteins (p < 0.05), among which 41 were significantly changed after using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction (q < 0.05). The up-regulated signaling was found to be mainly involved in inflammatory signaling and response to oxidative stress. A series of increased extracellular factors including Tenascin-C (TNC), Mucin-1 (KL-6 or MUC1), Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), periostin (POSTN), Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1 or YKL40), S100A12, as well as the antigens including lymphocyte antigen 6D /E48 antigen (LY6D), CD9 antigen, CD177 antigen, prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) were identified. Among which, the pro-inflammatory factor TNC and KL-6, that were further validated in serum of another thirty-nine COVID-19 patients and healthy controls, showing high potentials of being biomarkers or therapeutic candidates for COVID-19. This BALF proteome associated with COVID-19 would also be a valuable resource for researches on anti-inflammatory medication and understanding the molecular mechanisms of host response.},
}
@article {pmid33098357,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, Z and Niu, S and Guo, B and Gao, T and Wang, L and Wang, Y and Wang, L and Tan, Y and Wu, J and Hao, J},
title = {Stem cell therapy for COVID-19, ARDS and pulmonary fibrosis.},
journal = {Cell proliferation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12939},
doi = {10.1111/cpr.12939},
pmid = {33098357},
issn = {1365-2184},
support = {152111KYSB20160004//International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; QYZDY-SSW-SMC002//the Key Research Projects of the Frontier Science of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 2016YFA0101502//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2017YFA0104403//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2017YFA0105000//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2018YFA0108400//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2020YFC0843900//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; XDA16030601//the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; XDA16040502//the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; 31621004//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; Z181100003818005//Beijing Municipal Science &amp; Technology Commission/ ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 mainly causes damage to the lung, as well as other organs and systems such as the hearts, the immune system and so on. Although the pathogenesis of COVID-19 has been fully elucidated, there is no specific therapy for the disease at present, and most treatments are limited to supportive care. Stem cell therapy may be a potential treatment for refractory and unmanageable pulmonary illnesses, which has shown some promising results in preclinical studies. In this review, we systematically summarize the pathogenic progression and potential mechanisms underlying stem cell therapy in COVID-19, and registered COVID-19 clinical trials. Of all the stem cell therapies touted for COVID-19 treatment, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or MSC-like derivatives have been the most promising in preclinical studies and clinical trials so far. MSCs have been suggested to ameliorate the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and protect alveolar epithelial cells by secreting many kinds of factors, demonstrating safety and possible efficacy in COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, considering the consistency and uniformity of stem cell quality cannot be quantified nor guaranteed at this point, more work remains to be done in the future.},
}
@article {pmid33098289,
year = {2020},
author = {Rodic, N and Tahir, M},
title = {Positive Postmortem Test for SARS-CoV-2 Following Embalming in Confirmed COVID-19 Autopsy.},
journal = {American journal of clinical pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajcp/aqaa220},
pmid = {33098289},
issn = {1943-7722},
}
@article {pmid33098287,
year = {2020},
author = {Cao, Z and Tang, F and Chen, C and Zhang, C and Guo, Y and Lin, R and Huang, Z and Teng, Y and Xie, T and Xu, Y and Song, Y and Wu, F and Dong, P and Luo, G and Jiang, Y and Zou, H and Chen, YQ and Sun, L and Shu, Y and Du, X},
title = {Impact of systematic factors on the outbreak outcome of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/23853},
pmid = {33098287},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) spread world widely and caused a new pandemic. The Chinese government took strong intervention measures in the early stage of the epidemic, including strict travel-ban and social distancing policies. Prioritizing contribution of different factors is important for precise prevention and control of infectious diseases. Here, we proposed a novel framework for resolving this question and applied it to data from China.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To systematically reveal factors and their contribution to the control of COVID-19 in China, both at the national and city level.<br><br>METHODS: Daily COVID-19 cases and related multidimensional data, including travel-related, medical, socioeconomic, environmental, and Influenza-like illness factors, from 343 cities in China were collected. Correlation analysis and interpretable machine learning algorithm were used to explore the quantitative contribution of different factors on either new cases or growth rate of COVID-19 for the epidemic period from January 17 to February 29, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Many factors considered in this study are correlated to the spread of COVID-19 in China. Overall, travel-related population movements are the main contributing factors for both new cases and growth rate of COVID-19 in China, and the contributions are as high as 77% and 41%, respectively. There is a clear lag effect for travel related factors (previous vs current week: 45% vs 32% for new cases, and 21% vs 20% for growth rate). The contribution for travel from non-Wuhan regions is non-ignorable (12% and 26% for new cases and growth rate), especially for the growth rate (rank first as a single factor). City flow, a measure of control strength, contributes 16% and 7% to new cases and growth rate. Socioeconomic factors also play important roles in the growth rate of COVID-19 in China with 28% contribution. Other factors, including medical, environmental and influenza-like illness ones, also contribute to new cases and growth rate of COVID-19 in China. Based on the analysis for individual city, compared to Beijing, population flow from Wuhan and internal flow within the city are driving factors for more new cases in Wenzhou, while for Chongqing the contribution is mainly from population flow from Hubei beyond Wuhan. The higher growth rate for Wenzhou is driven by its population-related factors.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Many factors contributed to the outbreak outcome of COVID-19 in China. Travel-related population movement was the main driving factor with strong lag effect, and population movement from non-Wuhan regions is a non-ignorable hidden variable. For the growth rate, more factors were involved, including the socioeconomic ones that contributed more than a quarter. Those differential effects for various factors, along with city-level specificity, emphasize the importance of targeted and precise strategies for outbreak control of current COVID-19 crisis and other future infectious diseases.},
}
@article {pmid33098286,
year = {2020},
author = {Lau, YL and Ismail, IB and Izati Binti Mustapa, N and Lai, MY and Tuan Soh, TS and Hassan, AH and Peariasamy, KM and Lee, YL and Goh, PP},
title = {A Sensitive Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Direct Visual Detection of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.20-1079},
pmid = {33098286},
issn = {1476-1645},
abstract = {A simple and rapid reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The RT-LAMP assay was highly specific for SARS-CoV-2 and was able to detect one copy of transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA within 24 minutes. Assay validation performed using 50 positive and 32 negative clinical samples showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. The RT-LAMP would be valuable for clinical diagnosis and epidemiological surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 infection in resource-limited areas as it does not require the use of sophisticated and costly equipment.},
}
@article {pmid33098230,
year = {2020},
author = {Bianco, C and Baselli, G and Malvestiti, F and Santoro, L and Pelusi, S and Manunta, M and Grasselli, G and Bandera, A and Scudeller, L and Prati, D and Valenti, L},
title = {Genetic insight into Covid-19 related liver injury.},
journal = {Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/liv.14708},
pmid = {33098230},
issn = {1478-3231},
abstract = {Metabolic dysfunction and fatty liver disease (FLD) are epidemiologically associated with increased risk of severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization (1, 2). The mechanism may encompass promotion of inflammation by facilitation of liver injury, which is a frequent feature of severe COVID-19 (3). However, metabolic dysfunction rather than FLD itself may induce disease progression (2). Indeed, we previously showed that a genetic FLD-risk score does not predispose to severe COVID-19 in UK Biobank population-based cohort (UKBB) (4).},
}
@article {pmid33098222,
year = {2020},
author = {Digby, R and Winton-Brown, T and Finlayson, F and Dobson, H and Bucknall, T},
title = {Hospital staff well-being during the first wave of COVID-19: Staff perspectives.},
journal = {International journal of mental health nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/inm.12804},
pmid = {33098222},
issn = {1447-0349},
abstract = {The purpose of this research is to determine the impact of working during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of staff at one 600-bed acute hospital in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. This exploratory study is part of a larger mixed methods survey project, reporting the qualitative data from an on-line survey of clinical staff working at one acute hospital between April 16th and May 13th, 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses to five free-text questions were analysed using inductive content analysis. 321 medical, nursing, allied health and non-clinical staff responded to the survey. Respondents reported anxiety, fear and uncertainty related to the pandemic, from the perspectives of work, home, family and community. They reported feeling confused by inconsistent messages received from government, hospital executive, managers and media. Seven themes were identified: (i) worrying about patient care, (ii) changed working conditions, (iii) working in the changed hospital environment, (iv) impact of the pandemic, (v) personal isolation and uncertainty, (vi) leadership and management and (vii) additional support needed for staff. Despite the pandemic being comparatively well-controlled in Australia, all disciplines reported a high degree of anticipatory anxiety. Staff working in healthcare require both managerial and psychological support to minimise anxiety and promote well-being and resilience in order to deal with the health crisis. Regular unambiguous communication directing the way forward is crucial.},
}
@article {pmid33098200,
year = {2020},
author = {Coll, E and Fernández-Ruiz, M and Sánchez-Álvarez, JE and Martínez-Fernández, JR and Crespo, M and Gayoso, J and Bada-Bosch, T and Oppenheimer, F and Moreso, F and López-Oliva, MO and Melilli, E and Rodríguez-Ferrero, ML and Burgos, E and Facundo, C and Lorenzo, I and Yañez, Í and Galeano, C and Roca, A and Cabello, M and Gómez-Bueno, M and Graus, J and Lladó, L and de Pablo, A and Loinaz, C and Aguado, B and Hernández, D and Domínguez-Gil, B and , },
title = {Covid-19 in transplant recipients: the spanish experience.},
journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ajt.16369},
pmid = {33098200},
issn = {1600-6143},
abstract = {We report the nationwide experience with solid organ transplant (SOT) and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Spain until 13 July 2020. We compiled information for 778 (423 kidney, 113 HSCT, 110 liver, 69 heart, 54 lung, 8 pancreas, 1 multivisceral) recipients. Median age at diagnosis was 61 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 52-70), and 66% were male. The incidence of COVID-19 in SOT recipients was two-fold higher compared to the Spanish general population. The median interval from transplantation was 59 months (IQR: 18-131). Infection was hospital-acquired in 13% of cases. No donor-derived COVID-19 was suspected. Most patients (89%) were admitted to the hospital. Therapies included hydroxychloroquine (84%), azithromycin (53%), protease inhibitors (37%), and interferon-β (5%), whereas immunomodulation was based on corticosteroids (41%) and tocilizumab (21%). Adjustment of immunosuppression was performed in 85% of patients. At the time of analysis, complete follow-up was available from 652 patients. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 35% of patients. Ultimately, 174 (27%) patients died. In univariate analysis, risk factors for death were lung transplantation (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4-4.6), age >60 years (OR: 3.7; 95% CI: 2.5-5.5), and hospital-acquired COVID-19 (OR: 3.0; 95% CI: 1.9-4.9).},
}
@article {pmid33098178,
year = {2020},
author = {Wai, KC and Xu, MJ and Lee, RH and El-Sayed, IH and George, JR and Heaton, CM and Knott, PD and Park, AM and Ryan, WR and Seth, R and Ha, PK},
title = {Head and neck surgery during the coronavirus-19 pandemic: The University of California San Francisco experience.},
journal = {Head &amp; neck},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hed.26514},
pmid = {33098178},
issn = {1097-0347},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Guidelines regarding head and neck surgical care have evolved during the coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Data on operative management have been limited.<br><br>METHODS: We compared two cohorts of patients undergoing head and neck or reconstructive surgery between March 16, 2019 and April 16, 2019 (pre-COVID-19) and March 16, 2020 and April 16, 2020 (COVID-19) at an academic center. Perioperative, intraoperative, and postoperative outcomes were recorded.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 63 operations during COVID-19 and 84 operations during pre-COVID-19. During COVID-19, a smaller proportion of patients had benign pathology (12% vs 20%, respectively) and underwent thyroid procedures (2% vs 23%) while a greater proportion of patients underwent microvascular reconstruction±ablation (24% vs 12%,). Operative times increased, especially among patients undergoing microvascular reconstruction±ablation (687 ± 112 vs 596 ± 91 minutes, P = .04). Complication rates and length of stay were similar.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: During COVID-19, perioperative outcomes were similar, operative time increased, and there were no recorded transmissions to staff or patients. Continued surgical management of head and neck cancer patients can be provided safely.},
}
@article {pmid33098147,
year = {2020},
author = {Franca, RA and Ugga, L and Guadagno, E and Russo, D and Del Basso De Caro, M},
title = {Neuroinvasive potential of SARS-CoV2 with neuroradiological and neuropathological findings: is the brain a target or a victim?.},
journal = {APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apm.13092},
pmid = {33098147},
issn = {1600-0463},
abstract = {Coronaviridae family includes pathogen viruses for humans, that lead to clinical conditions with main respiratory involvement; many of these viruses have notoriously a neuroinvasive potential, as demonstrated by published data on SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV epidemics, as well by results obtained in experimental models. During pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) it is noticed that the central nervous system involvement represented a truly significant moment in the history of some COVID-19 patients; indeed, clinical and radiological features published in literature regarding COVID-19 disease are consistent with a neurological involvement. It is also known that histopathological data related to SARS-CoV2 infection have been published with considerable delay, which was even greater for neuropathological information. Moreover, many published data are incomplete, and often the lesions described are not directly related to the action of the virus. In this review we collected the available radiological and neuropathological information, in order to delineate a more complete picture of the relationship between SARS-Cov2 and brain, focusing our attention on the two most important neuroinvasion routes for the virus. We also highlighted what we consider methodological mistakes both in the autopsy procedures and brain study in COVID-19 deaths. We emphasize the need for a complete study of all the organs in case of autopsy. It is important that through this experience we no longer do the mistake of neglecting the brain.},
}
@article {pmid33098141,
year = {2020},
author = {Younger, DS},
title = {Postmortem Neuropathology in Covid-19.},
journal = {Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12915},
doi = {10.1111/bpa.12915},
pmid = {33098141},
issn = {1750-3639},
abstract = {This study concerns the clinicopathologic correlation of 50 decedents of 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from among 250 reported patients succumbing to Covid-19 illness (1-7) who underwent detailed postmortem neuropathological studies. This disease, which starts in the lungs, is a multisystem disorder affecting all major organs including the brain. These cases provide a more complete picture of Covid-19 illness, and are important in the development of effective treatment strategies.},
}
@article {pmid33098139,
year = {2020},
author = {Chilimuri, S and Sun, H and Alemam, A and Kang, KS and Lao, P and Mantri, N and Schiller, L and Sharabun, M and Shehi, E and Tejada, J and Yugay, A and Nayudu, SK},
title = {Tocilizumab use in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19: A retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jcpt.13303},
pmid = {33098139},
issn = {1365-2710},
abstract = {WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated cytokine activation can lead to a rapid progression into respiratory failure, shock and multiorgan failure. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that likely contributes to the pathogenesis of cytokine release syndrome. It is hypothesized that modulating IL-6 levels or its effects with tocilizumab, a recombinant humanized anti-IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody, may alter the course of disease.<br><br>METHODS: We examined the association between tocilizumab use and intubation or death at a community hospital in New York City. Data were obtained regarding consecutive patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The primary end point was a composite of intubation or death in a time-to-event analysis. We compared outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab with those in patients who did not, using a multivariable Cox model with inverse probability weighting according to the propensity score.<br><br>RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: In this single-centre retrospective cohort study involving 1225 hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the probability to respiratory failure, which was measured as intubation or death, was less frequent in patients who received tocilizumab.<br><br>WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: Tocilizumab and other IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibodies may evolve as a viable option in treating patients with moderate and severe COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33098116,
year = {2020},
author = {Provenzi, L and Grumi, S and Gardani, A and Aramini, V and Dargenio, E and Naboni, C and Vacchini, V and Borgatti, R and , },
title = {Italian parents welcomed a telehealth family-centred rehabilitation programme for children with disability during COVID-19 lockdown.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apa.15636},
pmid = {33098116},
issn = {1651-2227},
abstract = {Northern Italy was dramatically affected by COVID-19 during early 2020. Suspending educational and rehabilitation services during the lockdown that followed increased the burden on the parents of children with special healthcare needs, including those diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder, psychomotor delays and other neurodevelopmental disabilities. In this context, the parents had to provide round-the-clock care, without direct access to local services and healthcare specialists. Assuring continuity of family-centred care was a key priority during lockdown.},
}
@article {pmid33098111,
year = {2020},
author = {Lam, K and McClelland, S and Dallo, MJ},
title = {ECG: essential in care of patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.50841},
pmid = {33098111},
issn = {1326-5377},
}
@article {pmid33098040,
year = {2020},
author = {Wickremsinhe, ER and Ji, QC and Gleason, CR and Anderson, M and Booth, BP},
title = {Land O'Lakes Workshop on Microsampling: Enabling Broader Adoption.},
journal = {The AAPS journal},
volume = {22},
number = {6},
pages = {135},
doi = {10.1208/s12248-020-00524-2},
pmid = {33098040},
issn = {1550-7416},
abstract = {The microsampling workshop generated recommendations pertaining to blood sampling site (venous blood versus capillary blood), when to conduct a bridging study, statistical approaches to establish correlation/concordance and deciding on sample size, opportunities and challenges with patient-centric sampling, and how microsampling technology can enrich clinical drug development. Overall, the goal was to provide clarity and recommendations and enable the broader adoption of microsampling supporting patients' needs, convenience, and the transformation from clinic-centric to patient-centric drug development. The need and adoption of away-from-clinic sampling techniques has become critical to maintain patient safety during the current COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33098028,
year = {2020},
author = {Yeh, YYA},
title = {Reflections on a Patient Suicide in the Time of COVID-19.},
journal = {Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40596-020-01347-1},
pmid = {33098028},
issn = {1545-7230},
}
@article {pmid33098027,
year = {2020},
author = {Shapiro, MA},
title = {Competence vs. Identity, Trainees vs. Physicians: How COVID-19 Has Highlighted Role Confusion in Residency Training.},
journal = {Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40596-020-01346-2},
pmid = {33098027},
issn = {1545-7230},
}
@article {pmid33098021,
year = {2020},
author = {Pimentel, JVC and E Silva, TDOS and Filgueiras, ABT and Neto, MLR},
title = {The Impact of Science-Unbased Measures Against COVID-19 in Clinical Decision-Making Process.},
journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {293},
doi = {10.1208/s12249-020-01848-0},
pmid = {33098021},
issn = {1530-9932},
}
@article {pmid33097997,
year = {2020},
author = {Markandeya, and Verma, PK and Mishra, V and Singh, NK and Shukla, SP and Mohan, D},
title = {Spatio-temporal assessment of ambient air quality, their health effects and improvement during COVID-19 lockdown in one of the most polluted cities of India.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11356-020-11248-3},
pmid = {33097997},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {The present work aims to investigate seasonal variations in air pollution levels in Lucknow and assess the ambient air quality of the city together with highlighting the health impacts of major pollutants like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb, Ni and aerosols from 2010 to 2019. The maximum and minimum values of PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, Pb and Ni were found to be 270.75 and 122.45 μg/m3, 124.95 and 95.52 μg/m3, 25.60 and 8.05 μg/m3, 75.65 and 23.85 μg/m3, 0.66 and 0.03 μg/m3 and 0.07 and 0.01 ng/m3, respectively. Health impact of particulate matter has also been assessed with AirQ+, and it was estimated that long-term exposure of PM10 was attributed to between 37 and 48% for post-neonatal (age 1-12 months) mortality rate due to all causes, whereas long-term attributable proportions in mortality due to exposure of PM2.5 were to about 19 to 28% from all causes. Further, an attempt has also been made to evaluate the impact of lockdown amid COVID-19 on the ambient air quality of Lucknow. During the lockdown, PM2.5 levels reduced by 65% (at Gomti Nagar), 23% (at central school), 79% (at Lalbagh) and 35% (at Talkatora), due to which, air quality index of Gomti Nagar came down to 43, well below 50 which falls in the healthy range. NO2 levels also came down. However, levels of SO2 did not show significant reduction. Correlating the data between aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent by Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65, P < 0.001).},
}
@article {pmid33097972,
year = {2020},
author = {Selioutski, O and Sinha, SR and Tatum, W and Park, J},
title = {Letter to the Editor: Electroencephalography at the time of COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04810-x},
pmid = {33097972},
issn = {1590-3478},
}
@article {pmid33097946,
year = {2020},
author = {Faggiano, A and Carugo, S},
title = {Can the implementation of electronic surveys with quick response (QR) codes be useful in the COVID-19 era?.},
journal = {International journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ije/dyaa170},
pmid = {33097946},
issn = {1464-3685},
}
@article {pmid33097933,
year = {2020},
author = {Lanza, GA and De Vita, A and Ravenna, SE and D'Aiello, A and Covino, M and Franceschi, F and Crea, F},
title = {Electrocardiographic findings at presentation and clinical outcome in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Europace : European pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac electrophysiology : journal of the working groups on cardiac pacing, arrhythmias, and cardiac cellular electrophysiology of the European Society of Cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/europace/euaa245},
pmid = {33097933},
issn = {1532-2092},
abstract = {AIMS: The main severe complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection are pneumonia and respiratory distress syndrome. Recent studies, however, reported that cardiac injury, as assessed by troponin levels, is associated with a worse outcome in these patients. No study hitherto assessed whether the simple standard electrocardiogram (ECG) may be helpful for risk stratification in these patients.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 324 consecutive patients admitted to our Emergency Department with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Standard 12-lead ECG recorded on admission was assessed for cardiac rhythm and rate, atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction, abnormal Q/QS wave, ST segment and T wave changes, corrected QT interval, and tachyarrhythmias. At a mean follow-up of 31 ± 11 days, 44 deaths occurred (13.6%). Most ECG variables were significantly associated with mortality, including atrial fibrillation (P = 0.002), increasing heart rate (P = 0.002), presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB; P < 0.001), QRS duration (P <0 .001), a QRS duration of ≥110 ms (P < 0.001), ST segment depression (P < 0.001), abnormal Q/QS wave (P = 0.034), premature ventricular complexes (PVCs; P = 0.051), and presence of any ECG abnormality [hazard ratio (HR) 4.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.40-8.76; P < 0.001]. At multivariable analysis, QRS duration (P = 0.002), QRS duration ≥110 ms (P = 0.03), LBBB (P = 0.014) and presence of any ECG abnormality (P = 0.04) maintained a significant independent association with mortality.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data show that standard ECG can be helpful for an initial risk stratification of patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2 infectious disease.},
}
@article {pmid33097928,
year = {2020},
author = {Silva, L and Figueiredo Filho, D},
title = {Using Benford's law to assess the quality of COVID-19 register data in Brazil.},
journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa193},
pmid = {33097928},
issn = {1741-3850},
abstract = {We employ Newcomb-Benford law (NBL) to evaluate the reliability of COVID-19 figures in Brazil. Using official data from February 25 to September 15, we apply a first digit test for a national aggregate dataset of total cases and cumulative deaths. We find strong evidence that Brazilian reports do not conform to the NBL theoretical expectations. These results are robust to different goodness of fit (chi-square, mean absolute deviation and distortion factor) and data sources (John Hopkins University and Our World in Data). Despite the growing appreciation for evidence-based-policymaking, which requires valid and reliable data, we show that the Brazilian epidemiological surveillance system fails to provide trustful data under the NBL assumption on the COVID-19 epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid33097915,
year = {2020},
author = {Greenwood, E and Swanton, C},
title = {Consequences of COVID-19 for cancer care - a CRUK perspective.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Clinical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41571-020-00446-0},
pmid = {33097915},
issn = {1759-4782},
}
@article {pmid33097912,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Correction to: Acute endodontic and dental trauma provision during the COVID-19 crisis.},
journal = {British dental journal},
volume = {229},
number = {8},
pages = {555},
doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-2333-9},
pmid = {33097912},
issn = {1476-5373},
abstract = {Author's correction note: Clinical article Br Dent J 2020; 229: 169-175.When this article was initially published, panels B and C of were duplicates. The correct figure is presented here.The authors apologise for any convenience caused.},
}
@article {pmid33097885,
year = {2020},
author = {Denning, DW and Kilcoyne, A and Ucer, C},
title = {Non-infectious status indicated by detectable IgG antibody to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {British dental journal},
volume = {229},
number = {8},
pages = {521-524},
doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-2228-9},
pmid = {33097885},
issn = {1476-5373},
abstract = {A key tenet of protection from infection for dentists is to know who is not infectious. The evidence base regarding protection from respiratory pathogens in dentistry is poor. Those with a positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody are non-infectious (>99% certainty) and can be safely treated with good universal precautions, even for aerosol generating procedures. Viral infectivity with SARS-CoV-2 lasts eight days, unlike viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) swab tests which can persist for as long as seven weeks. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody becomes detectable from 11 days after infection. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies are usually neutralising against the virus and their direct antiviral activity was partially demonstrated in 33,000 patients with COVID-19 treated with convalescent plasma in the USA. So, a positive SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody is a much more accurate determination of infectiousness than a repeat PCR which is only 70% sensitive. It remains to be seen whether SARS-Cov-2 vaccine responses include protective IgG titres and, once vaccines become widespread, can be used to assist decision-making on appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) in dentistry.},
}
@article {pmid33097846,
year = {2020},
author = {Ledford, H},
title = {The race to make COVID antibody therapies cheaper and more potent.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-02965-3},
pmid = {33097846},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid33097845,
year = {2020},
author = {Tregoning, J},
title = {Coronavirus diaries: a new year for science.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-03005-w},
pmid = {33097845},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid33097835,
year = {2020},
author = {, },
title = {Modeling COVID-19 scenarios for the United States.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41591-020-1132-9},
pmid = {33097835},
issn = {1546-170X},
abstract = {We use COVID-19 case and mortality data from 1 February 2020 to 21 September 2020 and a deterministic SEIR (susceptible, exposed, infectious and recovered) compartmental framework to model possible trajectories of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections and the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in the United States at the state level from 22 September 2020 through 28 February 2021. Using this SEIR model, and projections of critical driving covariates (pneumonia seasonality, mobility, testing rates and mask use per capita), we assessed scenarios of social distancing mandates and levels of mask use. Projections of current non-pharmaceutical intervention strategies by state-with social distancing mandates reinstated when a threshold of 8 deaths per million population is exceeded (reference scenario)-suggest that, cumulatively, 511,373 (469,578-578,347) lives could be lost to COVID-19 across the United States by 28 February 2021. We find that achieving universal mask use (95% mask use in public) could be sufficient to ameliorate the worst effects of epidemic resurgences in many states. Universal mask use could save an additional 129,574 (85,284-170,867) lives from September 22, 2020 through the end of February 2021, or an additional 95,814 (60,731-133,077) lives assuming a lesser adoption of mask wearing (85%), when compared to the reference scenario.},
}
@article {pmid33097791,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, B and Chao, CW and Tsybovsky, Y and Abiona, OM and Hutchinson, GB and Moliva, JI and Olia, AS and Pegu, A and Phung, E and Stewart-Jones, GBE and Verardi, R and Wang, L and Wang, S and Werner, A and Yang, ES and Yap, C and Zhou, T and Mascola, JR and Sullivan, NJ and Graham, BS and Corbett, KS and Kwong, PD},
title = {A platform incorporating trimeric antigens into self-assembling nanoparticles reveals SARS-CoV-2-spike nanoparticles to elicit substantially higher neutralizing responses than spike alone.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {18149},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-74949-2},
pmid = {33097791},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Antigens displayed on self-assembling nanoparticles can stimulate strong immune responses and have been playing an increasingly prominent role in structure-based vaccines. However, the development of such immunogens is often complicated by inefficiencies in their production. To alleviate this issue, we developed a plug-and-play platform using the spontaneous isopeptide-bond formation of the SpyTag:SpyCatcher system to display trimeric antigens on self-assembling nanoparticles, including the 60-subunit Aquifex aeolicus lumazine synthase (LuS) and the 24-subunit Helicobacter pylori ferritin. LuS and ferritin coupled to SpyTag expressed well in a mammalian expression system when an N-linked glycan was added to the nanoparticle surface. The respiratory syncytial virus fusion (F) glycoprotein trimer-stabilized in the prefusion conformation and fused with SpyCatcher-could be efficiently conjugated to LuS-SpyTag or ferritin-SpyTag, enabling multivalent display of F trimers with prefusion antigenicity. Similarly, F-glycoprotein trimers from human parainfluenza virus-type 3 and spike-glycoprotein trimers from SARS-CoV-2 could be displayed on LuS nanoparticles with decent yield and antigenicity. Notably, murine vaccination with 0.08 µg of SARS-CoV-2 spike-LuS nanoparticle elicited similar neutralizing responses as 2.0 µg of spike, which was ~ 25-fold higher on a weight-per-weight basis. The versatile platform described here thus allows for multivalent plug-and-play presentation on self-assembling nanoparticles of trimeric viral antigens, with SARS-CoV-2 spike-LuS nanoparticles inducing particularly potent neutralizing responses.},
}
@article {pmid33097684,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, Y and Shang, Y and Ren, Y and Bie, Y and Qiu, Y and Yuan, Y and Zhao, Y and Zou, L and Lin, SH and Zhou, X},
title = {Omics study reveals abnormal alterations of breastmilk proteins and metabolites in puerperant women with COVID-19.},
journal = {Signal transduction and targeted therapy},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {247},
doi = {10.1038/s41392-020-00362-w},
pmid = {33097684},
issn = {2059-3635},
support = {31670161//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81873964//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81772047//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 91957120//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
}
@article {pmid33097683,
year = {2020},
author = {Haraszti, S and Sendil, S and Jensen, N},
title = {Delayed Presentation of Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis Following Treatment with Cefepime in a Patient with COVID-19 without the Use of Hydroxychloroquine.},
journal = {The American journal of case reports},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {e926901},
doi = {10.12659/AJCR.926901},
pmid = {33097683},
issn = {1941-5923},
abstract = {BACKGROUND Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare exanthem characterized by the abrupt onset of numerous small, non-follicular, sterile pustules arising on an erythematous base. AGEP is often associated with medications; however, it has also been connected to various viral infections including cytomegalovirus, parvovirus B19, and Epstein-Barr virus. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with a variety of skin findings, including erythematous or patchy rash, urticaria, hives, blisters, petechiae, livedo reticularis, and even AGEP in a patient undergoing treatment with hydroxychloroquine. CASE REPORT A 78-year-old man with a past medical history of benign prostatic hyperplasia, coronary artery disease, and atrial fibrillation presented with septic shock secondary to a urinary tract infection. On day 7 of treatment with cefepime, he became febrile and developed a pustular rash and persistent hypotension without any respiratory symptoms. Subsequently, he was diagnosed with COVID-19. Skin biopsy of the rash revealed AGEP. CONCLUSIONS AGEP is an uncommon cutaneous eruption often triggered by medications and viruses. AGEP is thought to be mediated by pro-inflammatory cells and cytokines. This report describes an unusual presentation of AGEP following treatment with cefepime for a urinary tract infection in a 78-year-old man who was found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, but was not treated with hydroxychloroquine. Although AGEP has been described in association with some viral infections, it is more commonly a drug-associated dermatosis, commonly seen during treatment with antibiotics. As in this case, AGEP usually resolves after discontinuation of the offending antibiotic.},
}
@article {pmid33097660,
year = {2020},
author = {Miorin, L and Kehrer, T and Sanchez-Aparicio, MT and Zhang, K and Cohen, P and Patel, RS and Cupic, A and Makio, T and Mei, M and Moreno, E and Danziger, O and White, KM and Rathnasinghe, R and Uccellini, M and Gao, S and Aydillo, T and Mena, I and Yin, X and Martin-Sancho, L and Krogan, NJ and Chanda, SK and Schotsaert, M and Wozniak, RW and Ren, Y and Rosenberg, BR and Fontoura, BMA and García-Sastre, A},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 hijacks Nup98 to block STAT nuclear import and antagonize interferon signaling.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33097660},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that is a serious global health problem. Evasion of IFN-mediated antiviral signaling is a common defense strategy that pathogenic viruses use to replicate and propagate in their host. In this study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 is able to efficiently block STAT1 and STAT2 nuclear translocation in order to impair transcriptional induction of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). Our results demonstrate that the viral accessory protein Orf6 exerts this anti-IFN activity. We found that SARS-CoV-2 Orf6 localizes at the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and directly interacts with Nup98-Rae1 via its C-terminal domain to impair docking of cargo-receptor (karyopherin/importin) complex and disrupt nuclear import. In addition, we show that a methionine-to-arginine substitution at residue 58 impairs Orf6 binding to the Nup98-Rae1 complex and abolishes its IFN antagonistic function. All together our data unravel a mechanism of viral antagonism in which a virus hijacks the Nup98-Rae1 complex to overcome the antiviral action of IFN.},
}
@article {pmid33097655,
year = {2020},
author = {Lee, MA and Sprecher, E and Vernacchio, L},
title = {The Role of COVID-19 in Transitioning to a Better Pediatric Payment Model.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-008672},
pmid = {33097655},
issn = {1098-4275},
}
@article {pmid33097654,
year = {2020},
author = {Good, MF and Hawkes, MT},
title = {The Interaction of Natural and Vaccine-Induced Immunity with Social Distancing Predicts the Evolution of the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {mBio},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {33097654},
issn = {2150-7511},
abstract = {The existence and nature of immunity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are currently unknown; however, neutralizing antibodies are thought to play the major role and data from studying other coronaviruses suggest that partial clinical immunity lasting up to 1 year will occur postinfection. We show how immunity, depending on its durability, may work with current social practices to limit the spread of the virus. We further show that a vaccine that is 50% effective and taken by 50% of the population will prevent further loss of life, providing that social distancing is still practiced and that immunity does not wane quickly.IMPORTANCE The ability of our society to function effectively moving forward will depend on how the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is contained. Immunity to the virus will be critical to this equation.},
}
@article {pmid33097653,
year = {2020},
author = {Sigorski, D and Sobczuk, P and Osmola, M and Kuć, K and Walerzak, A and Wilk, M and Ciszewski, T and Kopeć, S and Hryń, K and Rutkowski, P and Stec, R and Szczylik, C and Bodnar, L},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on anxiety levels among patients with cancer actively treated with systemic therapy.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000970},
pmid = {33097653},
issn = {2059-7029},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Life-threatening diseases have a negative impact on emotional well-being and psychosocial functioning. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the level of anxiety caused by a neoplasm and the threat of coronavirus infection among patients with cancer actively treated with systemic therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, we searched for clinical factors associated with a higher level of anxiety.<br><br>METHODS: In this multicentre, prospective, non-interventional study conducted in Poland, we enrolled 306 actively treated patients with cancer and collected their clinical data, including age, gender, cancer type and treatment intention. The fear/anxiety of SARS-CoV-2 were rated in Fear of COVID-19 Scale (SRA-FCV-19S) and Numerical Anxiety Scale (SRA-NAS). The fear and anxiety associated with cancer (CRA) were rated with the NAS (CRA-NAS).<br><br>RESULTS: The mean level of SRA-FCV-19S was 18.5±7.44, which was correlated with the SRA-NAS (r=0.741, p<0.001). SRA-FCV-19S was significantly higher in women versus men (20.18±7.56 vs 16.54±6.83; p<0.001) and was tumour type-dependent (p=0.037), with the highest anxiety observed in patients with breast cancer (17.63±8.75). In the multivariate analysis, only the female gender was significantly associated with higher SRA. CRA-NAS was higher in women versus men (7.07±2.99 vs 5.47±3.01; p<0.001), in patients treated with curative versus palliative intention (7.14±3.06 vs 5.99±3.06; p=0.01) and in individuals aged ≤65 years versus >65 years (6.73±2.96 vs 5.66±3.24; p=0.007).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: For an actively treated patient with cancer, cancer remains the main life-threatening disease during the COVID-19 pandemic. The need for more attentive psychological care should be provided especially to female patients, patients with breast cancer, those under 65 years of age and treated with curative intention, as these factors are associated with a higher level of anxiety.},
}
@article {pmid33097604,
year = {2020},
author = {Ryan, DJ and Toomey, S and Madden, SF and Casey, M and Breathnach, OS and Morris, PG and Grogan, L and Branagan, P and Costello, RW and De Barra, E and Hurley, K and Gunaratnam, C and McElvaney, NG and OBrien, ME and Sulaiman, I and Morgan, RK and Hennessy, BT},
title = {Use of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) in the diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Thorax},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215705},
pmid = {33097604},
issn = {1468-3296},
abstract = {False negatives from nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) in SARS-CoV-2 are high. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) contains lower respiratory droplets that may improve detection. We performed EBC RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 genes (E, S, N, ORF1ab) on NPS-positive (n=16) and NPS-negative/clinically positive COVID-19 patients (n=15) using two commercial assays. EBC detected SARS-CoV-2 in 93.5% (29/31) using the four genes. Pre-SARS-CoV-2 era controls (n=14) were negative. EBC was positive in NPS negative/clinically positive patients in 66.6% (10/15) using the identical E and S (E/S) gene assay used for NPS, 73.3% (11/15) using the N/ORF1ab assay and 14/15 (93.3%) combined.},
}
@article {pmid33097561,
year = {2020},
author = {Cevik, M and Kuppalli, K and Kindrachuk, J and Peiris, M},
title = {Virology, transmission, and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m3862},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3862},
pmid = {33097561},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33097559,
year = {2020},
author = {Dennis, JM and Mateen, BA and Sonabend, R and Thomas, NJ and Patel, KA and Hattersley, AT and Denaxas, S and McGovern, AP and Vollmer, SJ},
title = {Type 2 Diabetes and COVID-19-Related Mortality in the Critical Care Setting: A National Cohort Study in England, March-July 2020.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dc20-1444},
pmid = {33097559},
issn = {1935-5548},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between type 2 diabetes and all-cause mortality among adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the critical care setting.<br><br>RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study in people admitted to hospital in England with COVID-19 requiring admission to a high dependency unit (HDU) or intensive care unit (ICU) between 1 March 2020 and 27 July 2020. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate 30-day in-hospital all-cause mortality associated with type 2 diabetes, with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, obesity, and other major comorbidities (chronic respiratory disease, asthma, chronic heart disease, hypertension, immunosuppression, chronic neurological disease, chronic renal disease, and chronic liver disease).<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 19,256 COVID-19-related HDU and ICU admissions were included in the primary analysis, including 13,809 HDU (mean age 70 years) and 5,447 ICU (mean age 58 years) admissions. Of those admitted, 3,524 (18.3%) had type 2 diabetes and 5,077 (26.4%) died during the study period. Patients with type 2 diabetes were at increased risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.23 [95% CI 1.14, 1.32]), and this result was consistent in HDU and ICU subsets. The relative mortality risk associated with type 2 diabetes decreased with higher age (age 18-49 years aHR 1.50 [95% CI 1.05, 2.15], age 50-64 years 1.29 [1.10, 1.51], and age ≥65 years 1.18 [1.09, 1.29], P value for age-type 2 diabetes interaction = 0.002).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Type 2 diabetes may be an independent prognostic factor for survival in people with severe COVID-19 requiring critical care treatment, and in this setting the risk increase associated with type 2 diabetes is greatest in younger people.},
}
@article {pmid33097548,
year = {2020},
author = {Acharya, A and Gerring, J and Reeves, A},
title = {Is health politically irrelevant? Experimental evidence during a global pandemic.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004222},
pmid = {33097548},
issn = {2059-7908},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate how health issues affect voting behaviour by considering the COVID-19 pandemic, which offers a unique opportunity to examine this interplay.<br><br>DESIGN: We employ a survey experiment in which treatment groups are exposed to key facts about the pandemic, followed by questions intended to elicit attitudes toward the incumbent party and government responsibility for the pandemic.<br><br>SETTING: The survey was conducted amid the lockdown period of 15-26 April 2020 in three large democratic countries with the common governing language of English: India, the United Kingdom and the United States. Due to limitations on travel and recruitment, subjects were recruited through the M-Turk internet platform and the survey was administered entirely online. Respondents numbered 3648.<br><br>RESULTS: Our expectation was that respondents in the treatment groups would favour, or disfavour, the incumbent and assign blame to government for the pandemic compared with the control group. We observe no such results. Several reasons may be adduced for this null finding. One reason could be that public health is not viewed as a political issue. However, people do think health is an important policy area (>85% agree) and that government has some responsibility for health (>90% agree). Another reason could be that people view public health policies through partisan lenses, which means that health is largely endogenous, and yet we find little evidence of polarisation in our data. Alternatively, it could be that the global nature of the pandemic inoculated politicians from blame and yet a majority of people do think the government is to blame for the spread of the pandemic (~50% agree).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: While we cannot precisely determine the mechanisms at work, the null findings contained in this study suggest that politicians are unlikely to be punished or rewarded for their failures or successes in managing COVID-19 in the next election.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: Initial research hypotheses centred on expected variation between two treatments, as set forth in a detailed pre-analysis plan, registered at E-Gap: http://egap.org/registration/6645. Finding no difference between the treatments, we decided to focus this paper on the treatment/control comparison. Importantly, results that follow the pre-analysis plan strictly are entirely consistent with results presented here: null findings obtained throughout.},
}
@article {pmid33097547,
year = {2020},
author = {Wilson, SL and Wiysonge, C},
title = {Social media and vaccine hesitancy.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {5},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004206},
pmid = {33097547},
issn = {2059-7908},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the threat posed by anti-vaccination efforts on social media is critically important with the forth coming need for world wide COVID-19 vaccination programs. We globally evaluate the effect of social media and online foreign disinformation campaigns on vaccination rates and attitudes towards vaccine safety.<br><br>METHODS: Weuse a large-n cross-country regression framework to evaluate the effect ofsocial media on vaccine hesitancy globally. To do so, we operationalize social media usage in two dimensions: the use of it by the public to organize action(using Digital Society Project indicators), and the level of negative lyoriented discourse about vaccines on social media (using a data set of all geocoded tweets in the world from 2018-2019). In addition, we measure the level of foreign-sourced coordinated disinformation operations on social media ineach country (using Digital Society Project indicators). The outcome of vaccine hesitancy is measured in two ways. First, we use polls of what proportion ofthe public per country feels vaccines are unsafe (using Wellcome Global Monitor indicators for 137 countries). Second, we use annual data of actual vaccination rates from the WHO for 166 countries.<br><br>RESULTS: We found the use of social media to organise offline action to be highly predictive of the belief that vaccinations are unsafe, with such beliefs mounting as more organisation occurs on social media. In addition, the prevalence of foreign disinformation is highly statistically and substantively significant in predicting a drop in mean vaccination coverage over time. A 1-point shift upwards in the 5-point disinformation scale is associated with a 2-percentage point drop in mean vaccination coverage year over year. We also found support for the connection of foreign disinformation with negative social media activity about vaccination. The substantive effect of foreign disinformation is to increase the number of negative vaccine tweets by 15% for the median country.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a significant relationship between organisation on social media and public doubts of vaccine safety. In addition, there is a substantial relationship between foreign disinformation campaigns and declining vaccination coverage.},
}
@article {pmid33097523,
year = {2020},
author = {Wedig, IJ and Duelge, TA and Elmer, SJ},
title = {Infographic. Stay physically active during COVID-19 with exercise as medicine.},
journal = {British journal of sports medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2020-103282},
pmid = {33097523},
issn = {1473-0480},
}
@article {pmid33097485,
year = {2020},
author = {Iacobucci, G},
title = {Covid-19: Government shelves plans to invest £100bn in mass testing.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4112},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4112},
pmid = {33097485},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33097473,
year = {2020},
author = {Charoenwong, B and Kwan, A and Pursiainen, V},
title = {Social connections with COVID-19-affected areas increase compliance with mobility restrictions.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abc3054},
pmid = {33097473},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {We study the role of social connections in U.S. households' compliance with mobility restrictions imposed in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, using aggregated and anonymized Facebook data on social connections and mobile phone data for measuring social distancing at the county level. Relative to average, a one-standard-deviation increase in social connections with China and Italy - the first countries with major outbreaks of the virus - is associated with a nearly 50% increase in the estimated effect of mobility restrictions. Our results are not driven by traveler risk, as areas at higher risk from COVID-19 generally comply with restrictions more and are less affected by social connections. Social connections with counties with a less educated population, higher Trump vote share, and higher fraction of climate change deniers are associated with increased effects of mobility restrictions. Our findings are consistent with social networks contributing to people's information acquisition about the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33097472,
year = {2020},
author = {Goyal, A and Cardozo-Ojeda, EF and Schiffer, JT},
title = {Potency and timing of antiviral therapy as determinants of duration of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and intensity of inflammatory response.},
journal = {Science advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1126/sciadv.abc7112},
pmid = {33097472},
issn = {2375-2548},
abstract = {To impact the COVID-19 pandemic, lifesaving antiviral therapies must be identified. The number of clinical trials that can be performed is limited. We developed mathematical models to project multiple therapeutic approaches. Our models recapitulate off-treatment viral dynamics and predict a three-phase immune response. Simulated treatment with remdesivir, selinexor, neutralizing antibodies or cellular immunotherapy demonstrates that rapid viral elimination is possible if in vivo potency is sufficiently high. Therapies dosed soon after peak viral load when symptoms develop, may decrease shedding duration and immune response intensity, but have little effect on viral area under the curve (AUC), which is driven by high early viral loads. Potent therapy dosed prior to viral peak during pre-symptomatic infection, could lower AUC. Drug resistance may emerge with a moderately potent agent dosed before viral peak. Our results support early treatment for COVID-19 if shedding duration and not AUC is most predictive of clinical severity.},
}
@article {pmid33097469,
year = {2020},
author = {Chahal, R and Kirshenbaum, JS and Miller, JG and Ho, TC and Gotlib, IH},
title = {Higher Executive Control Network Coherence Buffers Against Puberty-Related Increases in Internalizing Symptoms During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.010},
pmid = {33097469},
issn = {2451-9030},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early pubertal maturation has been posited to be a biopsychosocial risk factor for the onset of internalizing psychopathology in adolescence; further, early-maturing youths exhibit heightened reactivity to stressful events. School closures and enforced social distancing, as well as health and financial uncertainties, during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to adversely affect mental health in youths, particularly adolescents who are already at risk for experiencing emotional difficulties. The executive control network (ECN) supports cognitive processes required to successfully navigate novel challenges and regulate emotions in stressful contexts.<br><br>METHODS: We examined whether functional coherence of the ECN, measured using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging 5 years before the pandemic (T1), is a neurobiological marker of resilience to increases in the severity of internalizing symptoms during COVID-19 in adolescents who were in more advanced stages of puberty at T1 relative to their same-age peers (N = 85, 49 female).<br><br>RESULTS: On average, participants reported an increase in symptoms from the 3 months before pandemic to the 2 most recent weeks during the pandemic. We found that early-maturing youths exhibited greater increases in internalizing symptoms during the pandemic if their ECN coherence was low; in contrast, relative pubertal stage was not associated with changes in internalizing symptoms in adolescents with higher ECN coherence at T1.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the role of the functional architecture of the brain that supports executive functioning in protecting against risk factors that may exacerbate symptoms of internalizing psychopathology during periods of stress and uncertainty.},
}
@article {pmid33097467,
year = {2020},
author = {Thai-Van, H and Bakhos, D and Bouccara, D and Loundon, N and Marx, M and Mom, T and Mosnier, I and Roman, S and Villerabel, C and Vincent, C and Venail, F},
title = {Telemedicine in Audiology. Best practice recommendations from the French Society of Audiology (SFA) and the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (SFORL).},
journal = {European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.anorl.2020.10.007},
pmid = {33097467},
issn = {1879-730X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Access to diagnosis and treatments for auditory disorders and related pathologies has regressed in France during the COVID-19 pandemic, posing a risk to the patient's chance of recovery. This best practice recommendations guide aims to list the existing technological solutions for the remote examination of a patient with hearing complaint, and to outline their benefits and, where applicable, their limitations.<br><br>METHODS: The recommendations were developed both from the clinical experience of the medical experts who drafted the guide, and from an extensive review of the literature dealing with clinical practice recommendations for tele-audiology. Tele-audiometry solutions were identified on the basis of a search engine query carried out in April 2020, prior to verification of their availability on the European market.<br><br>RESULTS: Video otoscopy solutions allow for the teletransmission of images compatible with a high-quality diagnosis, either by connecting via internet to a tele-health platform or using a smartphone or a tablet with an iOS or Android operating system. Using the same telecommunication methods, it is possible to remotely conduct a pure-tone audiometry test in accordance with standard practice, a speech-in-quiet or a speech-in-noise audiometry test, as well as objective measures of hearing. Clinical and paraclinical examinations can be accessed by the physician to be interpreted on a deferred basis (asynchronous tele-audiology). Examinations can also be conducted in real time in a patient, at any age of life, as long as a caregiver can be present during the installation of the transducers or the acoumetry. Tele-audiology solutions also find application in the remote training of future healthcare professionals involved in the management of deafness and hearing impairment.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Under French law, tele-otoscopy is a medical procedure that is either a tele-expertise (asynchronous adive) or a teleconsultation act (synchronous advice). Subjective and objective evaluation of the patient's hearing functions can be done remotely provided that the listed precautions are respected.},
}
@article {pmid33097437,
year = {2020},
author = {Boon, IS and Lim, JS and Au Yong, TPT and Boon, CS},
title = {Digital healthcare and shifting equipoise in radiation oncology: The butterfly effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmir.2020.10.002},
pmid = {33097437},
issn = {1876-7982},
}
@article {pmid33097434,
year = {2020},
author = {Hughes, BA and Hassan, S and Stallard, J and Louette, S and Smith, J and Knight, SL and Fenn, C and Peach, H and Thornton, DJ and Hernon, C and Goodenough, J and Bhat, W and West, CC and Bains, RD and Bourke, G and Smith, IM and Liddington, MI},
title = {Plastic physicians: The surgical salamanders of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of plastic, reconstructive &amp; aesthetic surgery : JPRAS},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bjps.2020.08.122},
pmid = {33097434},
issn = {1878-0539},
abstract = {At the time of writing, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has affected 6.42 million people globally and over 380,000 deaths, with the United Kingdom now having the highest death rate in Europe. The plastic surgery department at Leeds Teaching Hospitals put necessary steps in place to maintain an excellent urgent elective and acute service whilst also managing COVID-positive medical patients in the ward. We describe the structures and pathways implemented together with complex decision-making, which has allowed us to respond early and effectively. We hope these lessons will prove a useful tool as we look to open conversations around the recovery of normal activity.},
}
@article {pmid33097419,
year = {2020},
author = {Rascón-Ramírez, FJ and Carrascosa-Granada, ÁM and Vargas-Jiménez, AC and Ferrández-Pujante, B and Ortuño-Andériz, F},
title = {Supra and infratentorial massive strokes in previously healthy young patients with SARS-CoV-2. The role of neurosurgery.},
journal = {Neurocirugia (Asturias, Spain)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.neucir.2020.08.001},
pmid = {33097419},
issn = {2340-6305},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has amazed by its distinct forms of presentation and severity. COVID-19 patients can develop large-scale ischemic strokes in previously healthy patients without risk factors, especially in patients who develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS-CoV-2). We hypothesize that ischemic events are usually the result of the combined process of a pro-inflammatory and pro-coagulant state plus vascular endothelial dysfunction probably potentiated by hypoxia, hemodynamic instability, and immobilization, as reported in other cases. To the best of our knowledge, we report the first case of partial obstruction of a vertebral artery in a patient with COVID-19. Decompressive surgery remains a life-saving maneuver in these patients (as in other non-COVID-19 strokes) and requires further investigation.},
}
@article {pmid33097352,
year = {2020},
author = {Lowe, J and Shen, S},
title = {Off the Shelf: Rapid Deployment of an Emergency Department Telemedicine Platform Using Readily Available Consumer Products.},
journal = {The Journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.09.026},
pmid = {33097352},
issn = {0736-4679},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: For 20 years, telemedicine has been waiting in the wings for its time in the spotlight. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, with its emphasis on personal protective equipment (PPE) and reducing high-risk contacts, was the catalyst needed to bring telemedicine into mainstream consciousness and acceptance.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: We first review some of the key factors that precipitated this abrupt alteration of the perception of telemedicine. We then detail the creation of a department-wide telemedicine network using off-the-shelf consumer products. Our goal was to very rapidly install a system that was familiar to end-users for the purpose of reducing high-risk contacts and conserving PPE. Sourcing from the consumer realm proved to be advantageous over enterprise-level equipment when these goals were desired.<br><br>DISCUSSION: After a rollout of 1.5 weeks from zero to fully operational, we showed an immediate decrease in high-risk contacts and PPE use. All 80 rooms plus all triage areas in our department were outfitted with Apple iPads running Zoom. User adoption was high and telemedicine use increased from ∼17 to ∼90 instances a day, a 429% increase. We saw a decrease in high-risk contacts of about 75%, with a concomitant cost savings in PPE.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the use of consumer products sourced from local vendors is a viable solution for telemedicine systems focusing on speed, reducing costs, and ease of deployment. Future work will focus on studying its performance characteristics vs. other systems in an evolving landscape.},
}
@article {pmid33097315,
year = {2020},
author = {Wendt, DC and Marsan, S and Parker, D and Lizzy, KE and Roper, J and Mushquash, C and Venner, KL and Lam, A and Swansburg, J and Worth, N and Sorlagas, N and Quach, T and Manoukian, K and Bernett, P and Radin, SM},
title = {Commentary on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on opioid use disorder treatment among Indigenous communities in the United States and Canada.},
journal = {Journal of substance abuse treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108165},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108165},
pmid = {33097315},
issn = {1873-6483},
abstract = {This commentary focuses on how some Indigenous communities in the United States (U.S.) and Canada are addressing the opioid epidemic within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, from the perspective of the co-authors as researchers, clinicians, and pharmacists working within or among Indigenous communities in three eastern Canadian provinces and two western U.S. states. The pandemic has likely exacerbated opioid use problems among Indigenous communities, especially for individuals with acute distress or comorbid mental illness, or who are in need of withdrawal management or residential services. In response to the pandemic, we discuss first how greater prescription flexibility has facilitated and even increased access to medications for opioid use disorder. Second, we describe how Indigenous-serving clinics have expanded telemedicine services, albeit not without some challenges. Third, we note challenges with restricted participation in traditional Indigenous healing practices that can be helpful for addiction recovery. Fourth, we mention providers' worries about the pandemic's impact on their patients' mental health and safety. We argue that certain treatment transformations may be helpful even after the pandemic is over, through enhancing access to community-grounded treatment, decreasing stigma, and promoting patient self-efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid33097312,
year = {2020},
author = {Coudeville, L and Gomez, GB and Jollivet, O and Harris, RC and Thommes, E and Druelles, S and Chit, A and Chaves, SS and Mahé, C},
title = {Exploring uncertainty and risk in the accelerated response to a COVID-19 vaccine: Perspective from the pharmaceutical industry.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.034},
pmid = {33097312},
issn = {1873-2518},
}
@article {pmid33097307,
year = {2020},
author = {Marino, LV and Valla, FV and Tume, LN and Jotterand-Chaparro, C and Moullet, C and Latten, L and Joosten, K and Verbruggen, SCAT},
title = {Considerations for nutrition support in critically ill children with COVID-19 and paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2020.10.007},
pmid = {33097307},
issn = {1532-1983},
abstract = {There are reports of children COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms with hyperinflammatory multisystem syndrome, ARDS, gastrointestinal and atypical Kawasaki disease presenting to PICU worldwide temporally associated with COVID-19, for which there are important nutrition support considerations. As a result, the European Society of Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care - Metabolism, Endocrine and Nutrition group (ESPNIC-MEN) and paediatric nutritionists working in PICUs are being consulted regarding nutrition management of critically ill children with COVID-19 or COVID-19 like symptoms. Therefore, the aim of this short report is to provide a summary of nutrition support recommendations for critically ill children with COVID-19. They are based on the ESPNIC-MEN section recommendations published in January 2020 and surviving sepsis recommendations from February 2020.},
}
@article {pmid33097304,
year = {2020},
author = {Bonucci, M and Raggi, R and Vacca, RA},
title = {Polydatin and its potential protective effect on COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnu.2020.09.052},
pmid = {33097304},
issn = {1532-1983},
}
@article {pmid33097297,
year = {2020},
author = {Khosravi, B and Aghaghazvini, L and Sorouri, M and Naybandi Atashi, S and Abdollahi, M and Mojtabavi, H and Khodabakhshi, M and Motamedi, F and Azizi, F and Rajabi, Z and Kasaeian, A and Sima, AR and Davarpanah, AH and Radmard, AR},
title = {Predictive value of initial CT scan for various adverse outcomes in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.},
journal = {Heart &amp; lung : the journal of critical care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.hrtlng.2020.10.005},
pmid = {33097297},
issn = {1527-3288},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chest computed tomography (CT) scan is frequently used in the diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the predictive value of CT severity score (CSS) for length-of-stay (LOS) in hospital, initial disease severity, ICU admission, intubation, and mortality.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective study, initial CT scans of consecutively admitted patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were reviewed in a tertiary hospital. The association of CSS with the severity of disease upon admission and the final adverse outcomes was assessed using Pearson's correlation test and logistic regression, respectively.<br><br>RESULTS: Total of 121 patients (60±16 years), including 54 women and 67 men, with positive RT-PCR tests were enrolled. We found a significant but weak correlation between CSS and qSOFA, as a measure of disease severity (r: 0.261, p = 0.003). No significant association was demonstrated between CSS and LOS. Patients with CSS>8 had at least three-fold higher risk of ICU admission, intubation, and mortality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CSS in baseline CT scan of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia can predict adverse outcomes and is weakly correlated with initial disease severity.},
}
@article {pmid33097294,
year = {2020},
author = {Olry de Labry-Lima, A and Bermúdez-Tamayo, C and Martinez-Olmos, J and Martin-Ruiz, E},
title = {The use of masks to protect against respiratory infections: an umbrella review.},
journal = {Enfermedades infecciosas y microbiologia clinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.eimc.2020.07.008},
pmid = {33097294},
issn = {1578-1852},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The global health emergency caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic is resulting in a huge challenge at all levels. The use of masks may reduce the spread of the infection by minimising the excretion of Flügge droplets. The objective of this study was to compile the evidence available on the use of masks in relation to respiratory infections.<br><br>METHODOLOGY: An umbrella review (review of systematic reviews) was conducted. Two reviewers independently carried out the screening process, data extraction and data analysis. Discrepancies were resolved with a third reviewer, and the assessment of the risk of bias of the studies was carried out using the AMSTAR 2 tool. The Rayyan QCRI program was used for the screening process.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of eight systematic reviews were included. The studies analysed the use of masks in the general population, in long-term care facilities, in hospitals and at mass gatherings, and compared the effectiveness thereof in preventing infection. The results of this review revealed that the use of masks is associated with a protective effect against respiratory infections in healthcare facilities, in long-term care facilities and at mass gatherings.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In light of the results, it seems reasonable to recommend the use of masks to the general population, but this use should be accompanied by a training programme to improve compliance, as not using them properly may increase the risk of infection.},
}
@article {pmid33097287,
year = {2020},
author = {Borzée, A and McNeely, J and Magellan, K and Miller, JRB and Porter, L and Dutta, T and Kadinjappalli, KP and Sharma, S and Shahabuddin, G and Aprilinayati, F and Ryan, GE and Hughes, A and Abd Mutalib, AH and Wahab, AZA and Bista, D and Chavanich, SA and Chong, JL and Gale, GA and Ghaffari, H and Ghimirey, Y and Jayaraj, VK and Khatiwada, AP and Khatiwada, M and Krishna, M and Lwin, N and Paudel, PK and Sadykova, C and Savini, T and Shrestha, BB and Strine, CT and Sutthacheep, M and Wong, EP and Yeemin, T and Zahirudin, NZ and Zhang, L},
title = {COVID-19 Highlights the Need for More Effective Wildlife Trade Legislation.},
journal = {Trends in ecology &amp; evolution},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.001},
pmid = {33097287},
issn = {1872-8383},
abstract = {Zoonosis-based epidemics are inevitable unless we revisit our relationship with the natural world, protect habitats, and regulate wildlife trade, including live animals and non-sustenance products. To prevent future zoonoses, governments must establish effective legislation addressing wildlife trade, protection of habitats, and reduction of the wildlife-livestock-human interface.},
}
@article {pmid33097268,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, M and Zhang, Z and Cao, W and Liu, Y and Du, B and Chen, C and Liu, Q and Uddin, MN and Jiang, S and Chen, C and Zhang, Y and Wang, X},
title = {Identifying novel factors associated with COVID-19 transmission and fatality using the machine learning approach.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142810},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142810},
pmid = {33097268},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The COVID-19 virus has infected more than 38 million people and resulted in more than one million deaths worldwide as of October 14, 2020. By using the logistic regression model, we identified novel critical factors associated with COVID19 cases, death, and case fatality rates in 154 countries and in the 50 U.S. states. Among numerous factors associated with COVID-19 risk, economic inequality enhanced the risk of COVID-19 transmission. The per capita hospital beds correlated negatively with COVID-19 deaths. Blood types B and AB were protective factors for COVID-19 risk, while blood type A was a risk factor. The prevalence of HIV and influenza and pneumonia was associated with reduced COVID-19 risk. Increased intake of vegetables, edible oil, protein, vitamin D, and vitamin K was associated with reduced COVID-19 risk, while increased intake of alcohol was associated with increased COVID-19 risk. Other factors included age, sex, temperature, humidity, social distancing, smoking, health investment, urbanization level, and race. High temperature is a more compelling factor mitigating COVID-19 transmission than low temperature. Our comprehensive identification of the factors affecting COVID-19 transmission and fatality may provide new insights into the COVID-19 pandemic and advise effective strategies for preventing and migrating COVID-19 spread.},
}
@article {pmid33097263,
year = {2020},
author = {Dunker, S and Hornick, T and Szczepankiewicz, G and Maier, M and Bastl, M and Bumberger, J and Treudler, R and Liebert, UG and Simon, JC},
title = {No SARS-CoV-2 detected in air samples (pollen and particulate matter) in Leipzig during the first spread.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142881},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142881},
pmid = {33097263},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic co-occurred with pollen season in Europe 2020 and recent studies suggest a potential link between both. Air samples collected at our measuring station in Leipzig and purified pollen were analyzed for SARS-CoV-2 typical signals or for virus-induced cytopathic effects, to test if the virus could bind to bioaerosols and if so, whether these complexes are infectious. The results show that neither our air samples nor purified pollen were infectious or could act as carrier for virus particles.},
}
@article {pmid33097261,
year = {2020},
author = {Patel, M and Chaubey, AK and Pittman, CU and Mlsna, T and Mohan, D},
title = {Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in the environment: Occurrence, persistence, analysis in aquatic systems and possible management.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142698},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142698},
pmid = {33097261},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The year 2020 brought the news of the emergence of a new respiratory disease (COVID-19) from Wuhan, China. The disease is now a global pandemic and is caused by a virus named SARS-CoV-2 by international bodies. Important viral transmission sources include human contact, respiratory droplets and aerosols, and through contact with contaminated objects. However, viral shedding in feces and urine by COVID-19-afflicted patients raises concerns about SARS-CoV-2 entering aquatic systems. Recently, targeted SARS-CoV-2 genome fragments have been successfully detected in wastewater, sewage sludge and river waters around the world. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies can provide early detection and assessment of COVID-19 transmission and the growth of active cases within given wastewater catchment areas. WBE surveillance's ability to detect the growth of cases was demonstrated. Was this science applied throughout the world as this pandemic spread throughout the globe? Wastewater treatment efficacy for SARS-CoV-2 removal and risk assessments associated with treated water are reported. Disinfection strategies using chemical disinfectants, heat and radiation for deactivating and destroying SARS-CoV-2 are explained. Analytical methods of SARS-CoV-2 detection are covered. This review provides a more complete overview of the present status of SARS-CoV-2 and its consequences in aquatic systems. So far, WBE programs have not yet served to provide the early alerts to authorities that they have the potential to achieve. This would be desirable in order to activate broad public health measures at earlier stages of local and regional stages of transmission.},
}
@article {pmid33097250,
year = {2020},
author = {Gruetzmacher, K and Karesh, WB and Amuasi, JH and Arshad, A and Farlow, A and Gabrysch, S and Jetzkowitz, J and Lieberman, S and Palmer, C and Winkler, A and Walzer, C},
title = {The Berlin principles on one health - Bridging global health and conservation.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142919},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142919},
pmid = {33097250},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {For over 15-years, proponents of the One Health approach have worked to consistently interweave components that should never have been separated and now more than ever need to be re-connected: the health of humans, non-human animals, and ecosystems. We have failed to heed the warning signs. A One Health approach is paramount in directing our future health in this acutely and irrevocably changed world. COVID-19 has shown us the exorbitant cost of inaction. The time to act is now.},
}
@article {pmid33097240,
year = {2020},
author = {Lim, ST and Kelly, M and Johnston, S},
title = {Re: 'Readability of online patient education material for the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): a cross-sectional health literacy study'.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2020.09.001},
pmid = {33097240},
issn = {1476-5616},
}
@article {pmid33097230,
year = {2020},
author = {Kahan, BD},
title = {COVID-19 Minisymposium: Toward a Strategic Roadmap.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.09.008},
pmid = {33097230},
issn = {1873-2623},
}
@article {pmid33097227,
year = {2020},
author = {Ulrich, CM and Rushton, CH and Grady, C},
title = {Nurses confronting the coronavirus: Challenges met and lessons learned to date.},
journal = {Nursing outlook},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.outlook.2020.08.018},
pmid = {33097227},
issn = {1528-3968},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Registered nurses are an essential workforce group across the globe. They use their expertise and skill sets every day in clinical practice to protect, promote, and advocate on behalf of patients and families under their care.<br><br>PURPOSE: In this article we discuss the physical, emotional, and moral stresses that nurses are experiencing in their day-to-day practice settings created by the novel coronavirus.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: We consider the demands placed on nurses by unexpected patient surges within hospital environments and inadequate personal protective equipment and other critical resources, challenging nurses' ability to meet their professional and ethical obligations. We also share our thoughts on supporting nurses and others now, and ideas for needed healing for both individuals and organizations as we move forward. Finally, we argue for the need for substantive reform of institutional processes and systems that can deliver quality care in the future when faced with another devastating humanitarian and public health crises.},
}
@article {pmid33097186,
year = {2020},
author = {Yu, W and Ou, X and Liu, X and Zhang, S and Gao, X and Cheng, H and Zhu, B and Yan, J},
title = {ACE2 contributes to the maintenance of mouse epithelial barrier function.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.002},
pmid = {33097186},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The whole world was hit hard by the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Given that angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the viral entry molecule, understanding ACE2 has become a major focus of current COVID-19 research. ACE2 is highly expressed in the gut, but its role has not been fully understood and thus COVID-19 treatments intending to downregulate ACE2 level may cause untoward side effects. Gaining insight into the functions of ACE2 in gut homeostasis therefore merits closer examination, and is beneficial to find potential therapeutic alternatives for COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: We took advantage of Ace2 knockout out mice and isolated intestinal organoids to examine the role of ACE2 in intestinal stemness. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) mouse model was established by 4% dextran sodium sulfate. LGR5 and KI67 levels were quantitated to reflect the virtue of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). FITC-dextran 4 (FD-4) assay was used to assess intestinal barrier function.<br><br>RESULTS: Western blotting identified the expression of ACE2 in colon, which was consistent with the results of immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Moreover, Ace2-/- organoids showed decreased LRG5 and KI67 levels, and elevated calcium concentration. Furthermore, the permeability of ace2-/- organoids was markedly increased compared with ace2+/+ organoids. Collectively, ace2-/- mice were more susceptible than ace2+/+ mice to IBD, including earlier bloody stool, undermined intestinal architecture and more pronounced weight loss.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our data reveal that ACE2 contributes to the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and hence orchestrates the mucosal homeostasis.},
}
@article {pmid33097184,
year = {2020},
author = {Fantini, J and Chahinian, H and Yahi, N},
title = {Leveraging coronavirus binding to gangliosides for innovative vaccine and therapeutic strategies against COVID-19.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.015},
pmid = {33097184},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Covid-19 is an infectious respiratory disease due to a coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2. A critical step of the infection cycle is the binding of the virus spike S protein to the cellular ACE-2 receptor. This interaction involves a receptor binding domain (RBD) located at the center of the S trimer, whereas the lateral N-terminal domain (NTD) displays a flat ganglioside binding site that enables the virus to bind to lipid rafts of the plasma membrane, where the ACE-2 receptor resides. S protein binding to lipid rafts can be blocked by hydroxychloroquine, which binds to gangliosides, and by azithromycin, which binds to the NTD. Based on these data, we identified the NTD of SARS-CoV-2 as a promising target for both therapeutic and vaccine strategies, a notion later supported by the discovery, in convalescent Covid-19 patients, of a neutralizing antibody (4A8) that selectively binds to the NTD. The 4A8 epitope overlaps the ganglioside binding domain, denying any access of the virus to lipid rafts when the antibody is bound to the S protein. Thus, our data explain why antibody binding to the tip of the NTD results in SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. The high level of conservation of the ganglioside binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 (100% identity in 584 of 600 isolates analyzed worldwide) offers unique opportunities for innovative vaccine/therapeutic strategies.},
}
@article {pmid33097131,
year = {2020},
author = {Lin, HJ and Hsu, CC and Huang, CC},
title = {Personal Protective Equipment-Conserving Chest Radiography Setting During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of emergency medicine},
volume = {76},
number = {5},
pages = {689},
doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.034},
pmid = {33097131},
issn = {1097-6760},
}
@article {pmid33097130,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, F and Yuan, Y and Song, Y and Lu, X},
title = {The Effect on the Out-of-Hospital System of Patients With Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest During the COVID-19 Outbreak in One City in China.},
journal = {Annals of emergency medicine},
volume = {76},
number = {5},
pages = {687-689},
doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.05.032},
pmid = {33097130},
issn = {1097-6760},
}
@article {pmid33097102,
year = {2020},
author = {Mildon, B},
title = {Community Care and COVID-19: A Case Study.},
journal = {Nursing leadership (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {20-28},
doi = {10.12927/cjnl.2020.26322},
pmid = {33097102},
issn = {1910-622X},
abstract = {Community Care City of Kawartha Lakes provides primary care through its Community Health Centre, a range of hospice services and numerous community support services. Along with other essential service providers, our organization has continued to operate throughout the pandemic. As a community-based health services provider, we recognized the imperative and the privilege for our organization and the larger home and community care sector to support individuals, especially those most vulnerable due to health status, socio-economic circumstances or isolation, to safely remain at home during the pandemic, in compliance with public health directives. This article describes the strategies and approaches we implemented along with reflections on the leadership practices and principles that emerged. It does not purport to be an exemplar for crisis management of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rather, it seeks to draw attention to the contributions made by community-based organizations and potentially serve as a case study for debate.},
}
@article {pmid33097101,
year = {2020},
author = {Almost, J},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 within Academic Settings: A High-Speed Pivot.},
journal = {Nursing leadership (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {15-19},
doi = {10.12927/cjnl.2020.26323},
pmid = {33097101},
issn = {1910-622X},
abstract = {In a high-speed pivot never seen before in post-secondary education in Canada, the COVID-19 pandemic upended every facet of academia. Almost overnight the system transitioned to remote teaching, empty campuses and research stoppages. Nursing school administrators were asked to make hundreds of decisions daily to ensure the safety of students, faculty and staff while maintaining education standards. Several months into the pandemic, circumstances are still far from normal as we continue to expect the unexpected and prepare to be nimble agents of change in the months ahead. This commentary outlines my observations as a faculty member during the past few months.},
}
@article {pmid33097100,
year = {2020},
author = {McAllister, M},
title = {Weathering Pandemic Turbulence: It's All about Relationships.},
journal = {Nursing leadership (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {9-14},
doi = {10.12927/cjnl.2020.26324},
pmid = {33097100},
issn = {1910-622X},
abstract = {During my career, I have had many mantras, including &quot;I love to wonder what will happen tomorrow&quot; and &quot;It's all about relationships.&quot; Well, I have been rewarded in spades because nothing has been predictable or stable about our professional practice environments since COVID-19 infiltrated our organizations. I have been challenged to develop and implement changes at The Hospital for Sick Children - a 300-bed tertiary pediatric academic health sciences centre in Toronto, ON - that we had never contemplated before. I believe that staying true to my leadership values and core principles has been essential when taking on such challenges and staying afloat during these tumultuous times.},
}
@article {pmid33097098,
year = {2020},
author = {Nagle, LM},
title = {A Cockeyed Optimist.},
journal = {Nursing leadership (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {33},
number = {3},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.12927/cjnl.2020.26326},
pmid = {33097098},
issn = {1910-622X},
abstract = {In the 1958 musical South Pacific, the character Nelly Forbush trills a song of optimism and hope amid the darkness of World War II (South Pacific Enterprises and Logan 1958). The chipper message of this fictional navy nurse might well be welcome amid the negative timbre of the pervasive political, cultural and societal upheaval that we are experiencing today - not to mention the burden of a global pandemic. The tune delivers the message of a so-called &quot;cockeyed optimist,&quot; staying positive while many are not and being buoyed by the anticipation of brighter, sunny days ahead (South Pacific Enterprises and Logan 1958). COVID-19 has unloaded countless blows to virtually every aspect of the life we once knew; surely, this is enough to leave any cockeyed optimist reeling. Where do we find the strength of character to prevail during times like this? Somehow, good leaders do; finding creativity, courage and conviction to make the most of a bad situation, they rise above it. They show optimism in the face of fear, the unknown and circumstances beyond their control. Instilling abiding trust in their followers, they lead out of the abyss, shining light on new possibilities and opportunities.},
}
@article {pmid33097094,
year = {2020},
author = {Meyer-Berg, H and Zhou Yang, L and Pilar de Lucas, M and Zambrano, A and Hyde, SC and Gill, DR},
title = {Identification of AAV serotypes for lung gene therapy in human embryonic stem cell-derived lung organoids.},
journal = {Stem cell research &amp; therapy},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {448},
doi = {10.1186/s13287-020-01950-x},
pmid = {33097094},
issn = {1757-6512},
support = {110579/Z/15/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Gene therapy is being investigated for a range of serious lung diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and emphysema. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) is a well-established, safe, viral vector for gene delivery with multiple naturally occurring and artificial serotypes available displaying alternate cell, tissue, and species-specific tropisms. Efficient AAV serotypes for the transduction of the conducting airways have been identified for several species; however, efficient serotypes for human lung parenchyma have not yet been identified. Here, we screened the ability of multiple AAV serotypes to transduce lung bud organoids (LBOs)-a model of human lung parenchyma generated from human embryonic stem cells. Microinjection of LBOs allowed us to model transduction from the luminal surface, similar to dosing via vector inhalation. We identified the naturally occurring rAAV2 and rAAV6 serotypes, along with synthetic rAAV6 variants, as having tropism for the human lung parenchyma. Positive staining of LBOs for surfactant proteins B and C confirmed distal lung identity and suggested the suitability of these vectors for the transduction of alveolar type II cells. Our findings establish LBOs as a new model for pulmonary gene therapy and stress the relevance of LBOs as a viral infection model of the lung parenchyma as relevant in SARS-CoV-2 research.},
}
@article {pmid33097047,
year = {2020},
author = {Gao, W and Chen, S and Wang, K and Chen, R and Guo, Q and Lu, J and Wu, X and He, Y and Yan, Q and Wang, S and Wang, F and Jin, L and Hua, J and Li, Q},
title = {Clinical features and efficacy of antiviral drug, Arbidol in 220 nonemergency COVID-19 patients from East-West-Lake Shelter Hospital in Wuhan: a retrospective case series.},
journal = {Virology journal},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {162},
doi = {10.1186/s12985-020-01428-5},
pmid = {33097047},
issn = {1743-422X},
support = {81870064//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; PWYgy2018-06//&quot;Gaoyuan&quot; project of Pudong Health and Family Planning Commission/ ; 2018YFC1313700//National Key R&amp;D Program/ ; 18140904100//Research Foundation of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We aimed to describe the features of 220 nonemergency (mild or common type) COVID-19 patients from a shelter hospital, as well as evaluate the efficiency of antiviral drug, Arbidol in their disease progressions.<br><br>METHODS: Basic clinical characteristics were described and the efficacy of Arbidol was evaluated based on gender, age, maximum body temperature of the patients.<br><br>RESULTS: Basically, males had a higher risk of fever and more onset symptoms than females. Arbidol could accelerate fever recovery and viral clearance in respiratory specimens, particularly in males. Arbidol also contributed to shorter hospital stay without obvious adverse reactions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In the retrospective COVID-19 cohort, gender was one of the important factors affecting patient's conditions. Arbidol showed several beneficial effects in these patients, especially in males. This study brought more researches enlightenment in understanding the emerging infectious disease.},
}
@article {pmid33097028,
year = {2020},
author = {Marbaniang, I and Sangle, S and Nimkar, S and Zarekar, K and Salvi, S and Chavan, A and Gupta, A and Suryavanshi, N and Mave, V},
title = {The burden of anxiety among people living with HIV during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pune, India.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1598},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-09656-8},
pmid = {33097028},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {U01AI069907//Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/ ; UM1AI069465//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Globally, India has the third largest population of people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the second highest number of COVID-19 cases. Anxiety is associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) nonadherence. It is crucial to understand the burden of anxiety and its sources among Asian Indian PLHIV during the COVID pandemic, but data are limited.<br><br>METHODS: During the first month of government mandated lockdown, we administered an anxiety assessment via telephone among PLHIV registered for care at a publicly funded antiretroviral therapy (ART) center in Pune, India. Generalized anxiety was defined as GAD-7 score ≥ 10. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were compared by anxiety status (GAD-7 score ≥ 10 vs GAD-7 score < 10). Qualitative responses to an open-ended question about causes of concern were evaluated using thematic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 167 PLHIV, median age was 44 years (IQR 40-50); the majority were cisgender women (60%) and had a monthly family income < 200 USD (81%). Prior history of tuberculosis and other comorbidities were observed in 38 and 27%, respectively. Overall, prevalence of generalized anxiety was 25% (n = 41). PLHIV with GAD-7 score ≥ 10 had fewer remaining doses of ART than those with lower GAD-7 scores (p = 0.05). Thematic analysis indicated that concerns were both health related and unrelated, and stated temporally. Present concerns were often also projected as future concerns.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The burden of anxiety was high during COVID lockdown in our population of socioeconomically disadvantaged PLHIV in Pune and appeared to be influenced by concerns about ART availability. The burden of anxiety among PLHIV will likely increase with the worsening pandemic in India, as sources of anxiety are expected to persist. We recommend the regular use of short screening tools for anxiety to monitor and triage patients as an extension of current HIV services.},
}
@article {pmid33097011,
year = {2020},
author = {Helsingen, LM and Refsum, E and Gjøstein, DK and Løberg, M and Bretthauer, M and Kalager, M and Emilsson, L and , },
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic in Norway and Sweden - threats, trust, and impact on daily life: a comparative survey.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1597},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-09615-3},
pmid = {33097011},
issn = {1471-2458},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Norway and Sweden have similar populations and health care systems, but different reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic. Norway closed educational institutions, and banned sports and cultural activities; Sweden kept most institutions and training facilities open. We aimed to compare peoples' attitudes towards authorities and control measures, and perceived impact of the pandemic and implemented control measures on life in Norway and Sweden.<br><br>METHODS: Anonymous web-based surveys for individuals age 15 or older distributed through Facebook using the snowball method, in Norway and Sweden from mid-March to mid-April, 2020. The survey contained questions about perceived threat of the pandemic, views on infection control measures, and impact on daily life. We performed descriptive analyses of the responses and compared the two countries.<br><br>RESULTS: 3508 individuals participated in the survey (Norway 3000; Sweden 508). 79% were women, the majority were 30-49 years (Norway 60%; Sweden 47%), and about 45% of the participants in both countries had more than 4 years of higher education. Participants had high trust in the health services, but differed in the degree of trust in their government (High trust in Norway 17%; Sweden 37%). More Norwegians than Swedes agreed that school closure was a good measure (Norway 66%; Sweden 18%), that countries with open schools were irresponsible (Norway 65%; Sweden 23%), and that the threat from repercussions of the mitigation measures were large or very large (Norway 71%; Sweden 56%). Both countries had a high compliance with infection preventive measures (> 98%). Many lived a more sedentary life (Norway 69%; Sweden 50%) and ate more (Norway 44%; Sweden 33%) during the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Sweden had more trust in the authorities, while Norwegians reported a more negative lifestyle during the pandemic. The level of trust in the health care system and self-reported compliance with preventive measures was high in both countries despite the differences in infection control measures.},
}
@article {pmid33096967,
year = {2020},
author = {Gargaglioni, LH and Marques, DA},
title = {Reply to Jakovac: Sex differences in COVID-19 course and outcome: progesterone should not be neglected.},
journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)},
volume = {129},
number = {5},
pages = {1009-1010},
doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00835.2020},
pmid = {33096967},
issn = {1522-1601},
}
@article {pmid33096966,
year = {2020},
author = {Jakovac, H},
title = {Sex differences in COVID-19 course and outcome: progesterone should not be neglected.},
journal = {Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)},
volume = {129},
number = {5},
pages = {1007-1008},
doi = {10.1152/japplphysiol.00740.2020},
pmid = {33096966},
issn = {1522-1601},
}
@article {pmid33096796,
year = {2020},
author = {Martinez-Perez, C and Alvarez-Peregrina, C and Villa-Collar, C and Sánchez-Tena, MÁ},
title = {Citation Network Analysis of the Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207690},
pmid = {33096796},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The first outbreaks of the new coronavirus disease, named COVID-19, occurred at the end of December 2019. This disease spread quickly around the world, with the United States, Brazil and Mexico being the countries the most severely affected. This study aims to analyze the relationship between different publications and their authors through citation networks, as well as to identify the research areas and determine which publication has been the most cited.<br><br>METHODS: The search for publications was carried out through the Web of Science database using terms such as &quot;COVID-19&quot; and &quot;SARS-CoV-2&quot; for the period between January and July 2020. The Citation Network Explorer software was used for publication analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 14,335 publications were found with 42,374 citations generated in the network, with June being the month with the largest number of publications. The most cited publication was &quot;Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China&quot; by Guan et al., published in April 2020. Nine groups comprising different research areas in this field, including clinical course, psychology, treatment and epidemiology, were found using the clustering functionality.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The citation network offers an objective and comprehensive analysis of the main papers on COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33096787,
year = {2020},
author = {A L van Tilburg, M and Edlynn, E and Maddaloni, M and van Kempen, K and Díaz-González de Ferris, M and Thomas, J},
title = {High Levels of Stress Due to the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic among Parents of Children with and without Chronic Conditions across the USA.},
journal = {Children (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/children7100193},
pmid = {33096787},
issn = {2227-9067},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The 2020 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to community-wide measures affecting parents and children such as school/daycare closures, job losses, and interruptions in medical care for children with chronic diseases. This is the first study to describe the level of stress and mental health of parents of either healthy children or children with chronic conditions, during the 2020 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A representative sample of US parents was recruited from 10-17 April 2020. Parents completed online questionnaires about the past 7 days, including the Perceived Stress Scale, Resilient Coping Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale, Parental Stress Scale, PROMIS Anxiety and Depression scales and various other pandemic-related stress questions Results: Levels of stressors (e.g., job loss, school closures, etc.) were high during this time (e.g., 79% of children attended home/online school) and parents reported being moderately to highly stressed. Rates of clinical anxiety (44.6%) and depression (42.2%) were high. Parents of children with chronic conditions reported higher levels of stress and worse mental health, but did not differ from other parents in dealing with stress or interruptions in work, child schooling, and marital satisfaction.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced unprecedented levels of stress for parents, especially those of children with chronic conditions. Mental health effects are expected to continue for months/years and preparation is needed to meet an increasing demand for mental health care.},
}
@article {pmid33096757,
year = {2020},
author = {Gu, J},
title = {Risk Assessment on Continued Public Health Threats: Evidence from China's Stock Market.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207682},
pmid = {33096757},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Given the disturbing effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, we are motivated to examine whether the continued increase of the provincial public health threats affects the firms' accumulative abnormal return. Using the 178,805 firm-day observations from Chinese listed firms from 10 January to 31 March 2020, we find that the accumulative abnormal return is significantly lower among firms located in the provinces where face the continued increase of new confirmed COVID-19 cases. The relations remain constant after several robustness tests. These findings suggest that investors concern about the potential risk when firms are located in the provinces with higher threats to public health. We also find that the negative effect of increasing public health threats on abnormal return is weaker for firms surrounded by a provincial environment with stronger information accessibility and economic growth. Overall, this study extends the literature by presenting systematic evidence on the effect of the continued increase of provincial public health threats on the market reaction in Chinese listed firms.},
}
@article {pmid33096742,
year = {2020},
author = {Augustine, R and Das, S and Hasan, A and S, A and Abdul Salam, S and Augustine, P and Dalvi, YB and Varghese, R and Primavera, R and Yassine, HM and Thakor, AS and Kevadiya, BD},
title = {Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9103372},
pmid = {33096742},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {NPRP10-0120-170211//Qatar National Research Fund/ ; QUERG-CMED-2020-2//Qatar University/ ; },
abstract = {The aggressive outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) pandemic demands rapid and simplified testing tools for its effective management. Increased mass testing and surveillance are crucial for controlling the disease spread, obtaining better pandemic statistics, and developing realistic epidemiological models. Despite the advantages of nucleic acid- and antigen-based tests such as accuracy, specificity, and non-invasive approaches of sample collection, they can only detect active infections. Antibodies (immunoglobulins) are produced by the host immune system within a few days after infection and persist in the blood for at least several weeks after infection resolution. Antibody-based tests have provided a substitute and effective method of ultra-rapid detection for multiple contagious disease outbreaks in the past, including viral diseases such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) and MERS (Middle East respiratory syndrome). Thus, although not highly suitable for early diagnosis, antibody-based methods can be utilized to detect past infections hidden in the population, including asymptomatic ones. In an active community spread scenario of a disease that can provide a bigger window for mass detections and a practical approach for continuous surveillance. These factors encouraged researchers to investigate means of improving antibody-based rapid tests and employ them as reliable, reproducible, sensitive, specific, and economic tools for COVID-19 mass testing and surveillance. The development and integration of such immunoglobulin-based tests can transform the pandemic diagnosis by moving the same out of the clinics and laboratories into community testing sites and homes. This review discusses the principle, technology, and strategies being used in antibody-based testing at present. It also underlines the immense prospect of immunoglobulin-based testing and the efficacy of repeated planned deployment in pandemic management and post-pandemic sustainable screenings globally.},
}
@article {pmid33096722,
year = {2020},
author = {Calvo, E and Corbacho-Alonso, N and Sastre-Oliva, T and Nuñez, E and Baena-Galan, P and Hernandez-Fernandez, G and Rodriguez-Cola, M and Jimenez-Velasco, I and Corrales, FJ and Gambarrutta-Malfati, C and Gutierrez-Henares, F and Lopez-Dolado, E and Gil-Agudo, A and Vazquez, J and Mourino-Alvarez, L and Barderas, MG},
title = {Why Does COVID-19 Affect Patients with Spinal Cord Injury Milder? A Case-Control Study: Results from Two Observational Cohorts.},
journal = {Journal of personalized medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jpm10040182},
pmid = {33096722},
issn = {2075-4426},
support = {PI18/00995//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; Grant PRB3 (IPT17/0019-ISCIII-SGEFI/ERDF)//Instituto de Salud Carlos III/ ; PIE 202020E108//Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented global challenge in this century. COVID-19 is a viral respiratory infection, yet the clinical characteristics of this infection differ in spinal cord injury patients from those observed in the general population. Cough and asthenia are the most frequent symptoms in this population. Moreover, infected spinal cord injury patients rarely present complications that require admission to an Intensive Care Unit, in contrast to the general population. Thus, there is a clear need to understand how COVID-19 affects spinal cord injury patients from a molecular perspective. Here, we employed an -omics strategy in order to identify variations in protein abundance in spinal cord injury patients with and without COVID-19. After a quantitative differential analysis using isobaric tags and mass spectrometry and a verification phase, we have found differences mainly related to coagulation and platelet activation. Our results suggest a key role of heparin in the response of spinal cord injury patients to COVID-19 infection, showing a significant correlation between these proteins and heparin dose. Although the number of patients is limited, these data may shed light on new therapeutic options to improve the management these patients and, possibly, those of the general population as well.},
}
@article {pmid33096721,
year = {2020},
author = {Bourdas, DI and Zacharakis, ED},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity in a Sample of Greek Adults.},
journal = {Sports (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/sports8100139},
pmid = {33096721},
issn = {2075-4663},
abstract = {It is well known that physical inactivity increases the risk of global death; however, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown strategy on physical activity (PA) remains unclear. This study compared PA-i.e., daily occupation, transportation to and from daily occupation, leisure time activities, and regular sporting activities-prior (PRE) and during (POST) the on-going COVID-19 outbreak in the Greece lockdown environment. A Greek version of the web-based Active-Q questionnaire was used to access PA. The questionnaire was filled out twice (once each for the PRE and POST conditions) by 8495 participants (age = 37.2 ± 0.2 years (95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9-37.5); males = 38.3% (95%CI, 36.7-40.0); females = 61.7% (95%CI, 60.4-63.0). The relative frequency of overall sporting activities, which, prior to lockdown, occurred at least once per month, and overall participation in competitive sports was significantly reduced (8.6% (95%CI, 7.9-9.3) and 84.7% (95%CI, 82.9-86.6) respectively). With the exception of overall leisure time activities, which were significantly increased in the POST condition, daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities significant reduced (p < 0.05). Overall PA was reduced in all genders, age, body mass index (BMI) and PA level subgroups in the POST condition, and an interaction between the males and High PA subgroups was observed. The change in overall PA (from PRE to POST conditions) was -16.3% (95%CI, -17.3 to -15.4), while in daily occupational, transportation, and sporting activities, it was -52.9% (95%CI, -54.8-51.0), -41.1% (95%CI, -42.8-39.5) and -23.9% (95%CI, -25.1-22.8), respectively. Thus, the lockdown period is highly associated with a negative change in overall PA. During lockdown, inactivity increased dramatically, with males and the high PA population affected significantly more. The decline in PA is a great concern due to possible long-term consequences on public health and healthcare system.},
}
@article {pmid33096689,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, YJ and Cho, JH and Kang, SW},
title = {Study on the Relationship between Leisure Activity Participation and Wearing a Mask among Koreans during COVID-19 Crisis: Using TPB Model.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207674},
pmid = {33096689},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {This study utilizes the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) variables-including &quot;attitude,&quot; &quot;subjective norms,&quot; and &quot;perceived behavioral control&quot;-to understand the relationship between mask-wearing behavior and physical/non-physical leisure activity participation in Koreans as well as the tendencies behind mask-wearing intentions within leisure activities. The measurement tools used attitude, subjective norms, control, and mask use intention factors based on the TPB. Overall, 545 individuals participated, and the non-overlapping regions, sex, and age were considered through the stratified sampling method. The survey was conducted online owing to COVID-19, and collected data were derived through descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses. First, a difference in mask-wearing intention based on physical and non-physical leisure activities was identified; second, attitudes and perceived behaviors were considered in light of the dangers posed by COVID-19. It was found that control influences the tendency of intention to wear a mask depending on whether the group was engaged in physical or non-physical activity. Therefore, it can be stated that mask-wearing must be mandatory during physical and non-physical activities owing to respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. It is also important to simultaneously promote a positive attitude toward mask-wearing to enable people to believe that they can stay in full control of their own health.},
}
@article {pmid33096659,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, X and Zhu, W and Kang, S and Qiu, L and Lu, Z and Sun, Y},
title = {Association between Physical Activity and Mood States of Children and Adolescents in Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Epidemic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207666},
pmid = {33096659},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {16XJC890001//Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China/ ; 20YJC890053//Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of China/ ; GK201803094//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; GK201803095//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 epidemic adversely affects the lifestyle of people. This study aimed to examine the impacts of social isolation on physical activity (PA) levels and mood states of children and adolescents and to explore the correlation between them during the COVID-19 epidemic. A total of 9979 children and adolescents (11.63 ± 1.23 years old) from Yan'an, China volunteered to participate in this study and completed online questionnaires. PA and mood states were measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and Profile of Mood States (POMS), respectively. The results showed that the mean of students' moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) was 23.19 min per day. The total mood disturbance in the moderate and high-level PA groups were significantly lower than those in the low-level PA group (p < 0.05). Additionally, boys and girls had significant differences in PA levels (p < 0.01), and the PA levels of students in different grades were also significantly different (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, boys' mood states were worse than girls'. The Grade 4 in primary schools had the worst mood states while Grade 5 had the best mood states. The results suggested that the MVPA of students has dropped badly, compared with the results of previous studies investigated in normal times. In addition, the PA level had a significantly positive impact on the mood states of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 epidemic. Sex and grades were factors which affected the PA levels and mood states. This study can help policymakers and healthcare professionals understand PA and mood states of Chinese children and adolescents during the epidemic. We should pay attention to the changes in PA levels and mood states of children and adolescents.},
}
@article {pmid33096650,
year = {2020},
author = {Dores, AR and Geraldo, A and Carvalho, IP and Barbosa, F},
title = {The Use of New Digital Information and Communication Technologies in Psychological Counseling during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207663},
pmid = {33096650},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {R&amp;D Units funding (UIDB/05210/2020), and through a doctoral grant (SFRH/BD/138723/2018) awarded to Andreia Geraldo.//Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/ ; },
abstract = {The use of digital information and communication technologies (ICTs) has enabled many professionals to continue to provide their services during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, little is known about the adoption of ICTs by psychologists and the impact of such technologies on their practice. This study aimed to explore psychologists' practices related with the use of ICTs before and during the COVID-19 lockdown, to identify the main changes that the pandemic has brought and the impact that such changes have had on their practice with clients, and also identify the factors that potentially have affected such changes. The Portuguese Psychologists Association announced the study, and 108 psychologists responded to an online survey during the mandatory lockdown. The results showed that these professionals continued to provide their services due to having adopted ICTs. Comparing with face-to-face interventions, psychologists recognized that additional precautions/knowledge were needed to use such technologies. Despite the challenges identified, they described the experience with the use of ICTs as positive, meeting clients' adherence, and yielding positive results. Psychologists with the most years of professional experience maintained their services the most, but those with average experience showed the most favorable attitudes toward the use of technologies and web-based interventions.},
}
@article {pmid33096649,
year = {2020},
author = {He, H and Shen, Y and Jiang, C and Li, T and Guo, M and Yao, L},
title = {Spatiotemporal Big Data for PM2.5 Exposure and Health Risk Assessment during COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207664},
pmid = {33096649},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {41771380, 41701446, and 41971356//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first identified at the end of 2019, significantly impacts the regional environment and human health. This study assesses PM2.5 exposure and health risk during COVID-19, and its driving factors have been analyzed using spatiotemporal big data, including Tencent location-based services (LBS) data, place of interest (POI), and PM2.5 site monitoring data. Specifically, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) is utilized to analyze the spatiotemporal variation of PM2.5 concentration firstly. Then, population exposure and health risks of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic have been assessed based on LBS data. To further understand the driving factors of PM2.5 pollution, the relationship between PM2.5 concentration and POI data has been quantitatively analyzed using geographically weighted regression (GWR). The results show the time series coefficients of monthly PM2.5 concentrations distributed with a U-shape, i.e., with a decrease followed by an increase from January to December. In terms of spatial distribution, the PM2.5 concentration shows a noteworthy decline over the Central and North China. The LBS-based population density distribution indicates that the health risk of PM2.5 in the west is significantly lower than that in the Middle East. Urban gross domestic product (GDP) and urban green area are negatively correlated with PM2.5; while, road area, urban taxis, urban buses, and urban factories are positive. Among them, the number of urban factories contributes the most to PM2.5 pollution. In terms of reducing the health risks and PM2.5 pollution, several pointed suggestions to improve the status has been proposed.},
}
@article {pmid33096565,
year = {2020},
author = {Schmidt, C and Bollini, S},
title = {ESC Congress 2020, the digital experience: a report from the ESC Scientists of Tomorrow.},
journal = {Cardiovascular research},
volume = {116},
number = {13},
pages = {e190-e192},
doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvaa278},
pmid = {33096565},
issn = {1755-3245},
}
@article {pmid33096499,
year = {2020},
author = {Dakay, K and Kaur, G and Mayer, SA and Santarelli, J and Gandhi, C and Al-Mufti, F},
title = {Cerebral Herniation Secondary to Stroke-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation, Fulminant Cerebral Edema in Setting of COVID-19 Associated ARDS and Active Malignancy.},
journal = {Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association},
volume = {29},
number = {12},
pages = {105397},
doi = {10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105397},
pmid = {33096499},
issn = {1532-8511},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection has been associated with ischemic stroke as well as systemic complications such as acute respiratory failure; cytotoxic edema is a well-known sequelae of acute ischemic stroke and can be worsened by the presence of hypercarbia induced by respiratory failure. We present the case of a very rapid neurologic and radiographic decline of a patient with an acute ischemic stroke who developed rapid fulminant cerebral edema leading to herniation in the setting of hypercarbic respiratory failure attributed to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given the elevated incidence of cerebrovascular complications in patients with COVID-19, it is imperative for clinicians to be aware of the risk of rapidly progressive cerebral edema in patients who develop COVID-19 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome.},
}
@article {pmid33096485,
year = {2020},
author = {Kiemer, AK},
title = {Blockade of an innate immune amplifier to fight immune hyperactivation in COVID-19?.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {103086},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103086},
pmid = {33096485},
issn = {2352-3964},
}
@article {pmid33096402,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, Y and Kwakkenbos, L and Henry, RS and Tao, L and Harb, S and Bourgeault, A and Carrier, ME and Levis, B and Sun, Y and Bhandari, PM and Carboni-Jiménez, A and Gagarine, M and He, C and Krishnan, A and Negeri, ZF and Neupane, D and Mouthon, L and Bartlett, SJ and Benedetti, A and Thombs, BD and , and , },
title = {Validation of the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaires for Chronic Medical Conditions: A Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network COVID-19 Cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of psychosomatic research},
volume = {139},
number = {},
pages = {110271},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2020.110271},
pmid = {33096402},
issn = {1879-1360},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Fear associated with medical vulnerability should be considered when assessing mental health among individuals with chronic medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to develop and validate the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions.<br><br>METHODS: Fifteen initial items were generated based on suggestions from 121 people with the chronic autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma). Patients in a COVID-19 SSc cohort completed items between April 9 and 27, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and item analysis were used to select items for inclusion. Cronbach's alpha and Pearson correlations were used to evaluate internal consistency reliability and convergent validity. Factor structure was confirmed with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in follow-up data collection two weeks later.<br><br>RESULTS: 787 participants completed baseline measures; 563 of them completed the follow-up assessment. Ten of 15 initial items were included in the final questionnaire. EFA suggested that a single dimension explained the data reasonably well. There were no indications of floor or ceiling effects. Cronbach's alpha was 0.91. Correlations between the COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire and measures of anxiety (r = 0.53), depressive symptoms (r = 0.44), and perceived stress (r = 0.50) supported construct validity. CFA supported the single-factor structure (χ2(35) = 311.2, p < 0.001, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.97, Comparative Fit Index = 0.96, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.12).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 Fears Questionnaire for Chronic Medical Conditions can be used to assess fear among people at risk due to pre-existing medical conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33096399,
year = {2020},
author = {Jo, SH and Koo, BH and Seo, WS and Yun, SH and Kim, HG},
title = {The psychological impact of the coronavirus disease pandemic on hospital workers in Daegu, South Korea.},
journal = {Comprehensive psychiatry},
volume = {103},
number = {},
pages = {152213},
doi = {10.1016/j.comppsych.2020.152213},
pmid = {33096399},
issn = {1532-8384},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the immediate stress and psychological impact experienced by healthcare workers and other personnel during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: The sample consisted of 2554 hospital workers (i.e., physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, and auxiliary staff members) who were working in Yeungnam University Hospital in Daegu, South Korea. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) was administered to the hospital workers twice over a 2 week interval. A high-risk group, identified on the basic of first total IES-R, was assessed further with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGIS) scale and was offered periodic psychiatric consultations on a telephone.<br><br>RESULTS: The participating nurses and auxiliary staff members had significantly higher IES-R scores (p < 0.01) than the physicians. During the second evaluation, the IES-R scores of the high-risk participants had decreased by 13.67 ± 16.15 points (p < 0.01), and their CGI-S scores had decreased by 1.00 ± 0.74 points (p < 0.01). The psychological symptoms of the high-risk group who received telephone-based psychiatric consultation showed improvement after 2 weeks.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that hospital workers experience high levels of emotional stress during a pandemic. In particular, the present findings underscore the need to provide more information and support to nurses and other administrative workers. There is a need for greater awareness about the importance of mental health care among hospital workers, and rapid and ongoing psychiatric interventions should be provided to workers during the pandemic period.},
}
@article {pmid33096349,
year = {2020},
author = {Kanoore Edul, VS and Caminos Eguillor, JF and Ferrara, G and Estenssoro, E and Siles, DSP and Cesio, CE and Dubin, A},
title = {Microcirculation alterations in severe COVID-19 pneumonia.},
journal = {Journal of critical care},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {73-75},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.002},
pmid = {33096349},
issn = {1557-8615},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess the presence of sublingual microcirculatory and skin perfusion alterations in COVID-19 pneumonia.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a preliminary report of a prospective observational study performed in four teaching intensive care units. We studied 27 mechanically ventilated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. Sublingual microcirculation was assessed by hand-held videomicroscopy. A software-assisted analysis of videos was performed. We also measured capillary refill time.<br><br>RESULTS: Patients were hemodynamically stable with normal lactate (1.8 [1.6-2.5] mmol/L) and high D-dimer (1.30 [0.58-2.93] μg/mL). Capillary refill time was prolonged (3.5 [3.0-5.0] s). Compared to previously reported normal values, total and perfused vascular density (21.9 ± 3.9 and 21.0 ± 3.5 mm/mm2) and heterogeneity flow index (0.91 ± 0.24) were high; and the proportion of perfused vessels (0.96 ± 0.03), microvascular flow index (2.79 ± 0.10), and red blood cell velocity (1124 ± 161 μm/s) were reduced. The proportion of perfused vessels was inversely correlated with total vascular density (Pearson r = -0.41, P = 0.03).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 patients showed an altered tissue perfusion. Sublingual microcirculation was characterized by decreases in the proportion of perfused vessel and flow velocity along with high vascular densities. This last finding might be related to enhanced angiogenesis or hypoxia-induced capillary recruitment.},
}
@article {pmid33096347,
year = {2020},
author = {Weatherald, J and Solverson, K and Zuege, DJ and Loroff, N and Fiest, KM and Parhar, KKS},
title = {Awake prone positioning for COVID-19 hypoxemic respiratory failure: A rapid review.},
journal = {Journal of critical care},
volume = {61},
number = {},
pages = {63-70},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.08.018},
pmid = {33096347},
issn = {1557-8615},
}
@article {pmid33096301,
year = {2020},
author = {Tibayrenc, M},
title = {COVID-19 and the project of &quot;European Center for Disease Control&quot; (ECDC).},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104604},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104604},
pmid = {33096301},
issn = {1567-7257},
}
@article {pmid33096290,
year = {2020},
author = {Lei, C and Lin, W and Deng, X and Hu, F and Chen, F and Cai, W and Li, Y and Wen, C and Guan, Y and Wang, J and Chen, X and Cao, Y and Li, F and Tang, X and Li, L},
title = {Factors associated with clinical outcomes in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Guangzhou, China.},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {104661},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104661},
pmid = {33096290},
issn = {1873-5967},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is threatening billions of people. We described the clinical characteristics and explore virological and immunological factors associated with clinical outcomes.<br><br>METHODS: 297 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital between January 20 and February 20, 2020 were included. Epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in respiratory tract, blood samples and digestive tract was detected and lymphocyte subsets were tested periodically.<br><br>RESULT: Among the 297 patients (median age of 48 years), 154 (51.9 %) were female, 245 (82.5 %) mild/moderate cases, and 52 (17.5 %) severe/critical cases. 270 patients were detected for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, and the overall positive rate was 23.0 % (62/270), higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (52.0 % vs. 16.4 %, P < 0.001). The CD4/CD8 ratio on admission was significantly higher in severe/critical cases than in mild/moderate cases (1.84 vs. 1.50, P = 0.022). During a median follow-up period of 17 days, 36 (12.1 %) patients were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU), 16 (5.4 %) patients developed respiratory failure and underwent mechanical ventilation, four (1.3 %) patients needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), only one (0.34 %) patients died of multiple organ failure. Detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in anal swabs and/or blood samples, as well as higher CD4/CD8 ratio were independent risk factors of respiratory failure and ICU admission.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Most of COVID-19 patients in Guangzhou are mild/moderate, and presence of extrapulmonary virus and higher CD4/CD8 ratio are associated with higher risk of worse outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid33096261,
year = {2020},
author = {Montravers, P and Kantor, E and Gouel-Cheron, A},
title = {Anti-infective therapy against SARS-CoV-2: some light at the end of the tunnel?.},
journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care &amp; pain medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.004},
pmid = {33096261},
issn = {2352-5568},
}
@article {pmid33096260,
year = {2020},
author = {Locht, C},
title = {Vaccines against COVID-19.},
journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care &amp; pain medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.10.006},
pmid = {33096260},
issn = {2352-5568},
}
@article {pmid33096242,
year = {2020},
author = {Paul, M},
title = {Has the door closed on hydroxychloroquine for SARS-COV-2?.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.10.011},
pmid = {33096242},
issn = {1469-0691},
}
@article {pmid33096223,
year = {2020},
author = {Nguyen, VT and Rivière, P and Ripoll, P and Barnier, J and Vuillemot, R and Ferrand, G and Cohen-Boulkia, S and Ravaud, P and Boutron, I and , },
title = {Research response to COVID-19 needed better coordination and collaboration: a living mapping of registered trials.},
journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.10.010},
pmid = {33096223},
issn = {1878-5921},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Researchers worldwide are actively engaging in research activities to search for preventive and therapeutic interventions against COVID-19. Our aim was to describe the planning of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in terms of timing related to the course of the COVID-19 epidemic and research question evaluated.<br><br>METHOD: We performed a living mapping of RCTs registered in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We systematically search the platform every week for all RCTs evaluating preventive interventions and treatments for COVID-19 and created a publicly available interactive mapping tool at https://covid-nma.com to visualize all trials registered.<br><br>RESULTS: By August 12, 2020, 1,568 trials for COVID-19 were registered worldwide. Overall, the median ([Q1-Q3]; range) delay between the first case recorded in each country and the first RCT registered was 47 days ([33-67]; 15-163). For the 9 countries with the highest number of trials registered, most trials were registered after the peak of the epidemic (from 100% trials in Italy to 38% in the United States). Most trials evaluated treatments (1,333 trials; 85%); only 223 (14%) evaluated preventive strategies and 12 post-acute period intervention. A total of 254 trials were planned to assess different regimens of hydroxychloroquine with an expected sample size of 110,883 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This living mapping analysis showed that COVID-19 trials have relatively small sample size with certain redundancy in research questions. Most trials were registered when the first peak of the pandemic have passed.},
}
@article {pmid33096221,
year = {2020},
author = {Clementi, N and Scagnolari, C and D'Amore, A and Palombi, F and Criscuolo, E and Frasca, F and Pierangeli, A and Mancini, N and Antonelli, G and Clementi, M and Carpaneto, A and Filippini, A},
title = {NARINGENIN IS A POWERFUL INHIBITOR OF SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION IN VITRO.},
journal = {Pharmacological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105255},
doi = {10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105255},
pmid = {33096221},
issn = {1096-1186},
}
@article {pmid33096208,
year = {2020},
author = {Politis, C and Papadaki, M and Politi, L and Kourti, G and Richardson, C and Asariotou, M and Tsakris, A and Mentis, A},
title = {Post-donation information and haemovigilance reporting for COVID-19 in Greece: information supporting the absence of SARS-CoV-2 possible transmission through blood components.},
journal = {Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.007},
pmid = {33096208},
issn = {1953-8022},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although the SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted mainly through the respiratory tract, possible transmission by transfusion from asymptomatic carriers should be explored. As yet there are no reports of transfusion transmission of COVID-19. Haemovigilance findings within a three-month surveillance period during the new coronavirus pandemic are presented.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Due to great demand and shortage, blood sessions in outpatient facilities were organized during the high prevalence period of COVID-19, alongside a national plan to monitor the evolving public health situation by random molecular screening of high-risk groups of the population. Haemovigilance protocols were implemented as well as surveillance for any COVID-19 case reported post-transfusion. A 14-day quarantine and follow-up molecular and antibody testing of any COVID-19 positive case was obligatory.<br><br>RESULTS: Post-donation, post-transfusion information and molecular testing of swab samples collected from three asymptomatic donors at risk for COVID-19, revealed the case of an immunosupressed patient who had been transfused with whole blood derived platelets from a donor subsequently diagnosed with COVID-19. The recipient exhibited no symptoms of the disease. Molecular and antibody testing results were negative.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Haemovigilance provided information supporting the absence of transfusion transmission of COVID-19, thus strengthening the hypothesis that, even if it cannot yet be definitively ruled out, COVID-19 is not transmitted through blood transfusion. As of early June 2020, a perfect test does not exist, therefore haemovigilance along with the implementation of strict proactive measures is crucial to identify eluding asymptomatic individuals and ensure blood safety during the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33096207,
year = {2020},
author = {Allen, JWL and Verkerke, H and Owens, J and Saeedi, B and Boyer, D and Shin, S and Roback, JD and Neish, AS and Stowell, SR},
title = {Serum pooling for rapid expansion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing capacity.},
journal = {Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.008},
pmid = {33096207},
issn = {1953-8022},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Examine possible pooling strategies designed to expand SARS-CoV-2 serological testing capacity.<br><br>METHODS: Negative pools were assessed to determine optimal optical density (OD) cutoffs, followed by spiking weak or strong positive samples to assess initial assay performance. Samples were then randomly subjected to pool and individual testing approaches.<br><br>RESULTS: Single positive specimens consistently converted pools of 5, 10, or 20 into positive outcomes. However, weaker IgG-positive samples failed to similarly convert pools of 50 to a positive result. In contrast, a stronger individual positive sample converted all pools tested into positive outcomes. Finally, examination of 150 samples configured into pools of 5, 10, 20 or 50 accurately predicted the presence of positive or negative specimens within each pool.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pooling strategies may allow expansion of serological testing capacity. While limitations exist, such strategies may aid in large-scale epidemiological screening or identification of optimal convalescent plasma donors.},
}
@article {pmid33096190,
year = {2020},
author = {Sathish, T and Kapoor, N},
title = {Normal weight obesity and COVID-19 severity: A poorly recognized link.},
journal = {Diabetes research and clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108521},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108521},
pmid = {33096190},
issn = {1872-8227},
}
@article {pmid33096185,
year = {2020},
author = {Huh, K and Lee, R and Ji, W and Kang, M and Cheol Hwang, I and Ho Lee, D and Jung, J},
title = {Impact of obesity, fasting plasma glucose level, blood pressure, and renal function on the severity of COVID-19: a matter of sexual dimorphism?.},
journal = {Diabetes research and clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108515},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108515},
pmid = {33096185},
issn = {1872-8227},
abstract = {AIMS: This study aimed to assess whether body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, blood pressure (BP), and kidney function were associated with the risk of severe disease or death in patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: Data on candidate risk factors were extracted from patients' last checkup records. Propensity score-matched cohorts were constructed, and logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, and comorbidities. The primary outcome was death or severe COVID-19, defined as requiring supplementary oxygen or higher ventilatory support.<br><br>RESULTS: Among 7,649 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 2,231 (29.2%) received checkups and Severe COVID-19 occurred in 307 patients (13.8%). A BMI of 25.0-29.9 was associated with the outcome among women (aOR, 2.29; 95% CI,: 1.41-3.73) and patients aged 50-69 years (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.06-2.54). An FPG ≥126 mg/dL was associated with poor outcomes in women (aOR, 2.06; 95% CI, 1.13-3.77) but not in men. Similarly, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was a risk factor in women (aOR, 3.46; 95% CI, 1.71-7.01) and patients aged <70 years.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The effects of BMI, FPG, and eGFR on outcomes associated with COVID-19 were prominent in women but not in men.},
}
@article {pmid33096163,
year = {2020},
author = {Vscariello, I and Evans, S and Parker, S and Schofield, D and Miller, B and Gardner, S and Fong de Los Santos, L and Hallemeier, C and Jordan, L and Kim, E and Ford, E},
title = {A multi-institutional assessment of COVID-19-related risk in radiation oncology.},
journal = {Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.radonc.2020.10.013},
pmid = {33096163},
issn = {1879-0887},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has presented challenges to delivering safe and timely care for cancer patients. The oncology community has undertaken substantial workflow adaptations to reduce transmission risk for patients and providers. While various control measureshave been proposed andimplemented, little is known about their impact on safety of the radiation oncology workflow and potential for transmission. The objective of this study was to assess potential safety impacts of controlmeasuresemployed duringthe COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: A multi-institutional study was undertaken to assess the risks of pandemic-associated workflow adaptations using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). Failure modes were identified and scored using FMEA formalism. FMEA scores were used to identify highest-risk aspects of the radiation therapy process. The impact of control measures onoverall risk was quantified. Agreement among institutions was evaluated.<br><br>RESULTS: 33 failure modes and 22 control measures were identified. Control measures resulted in risk score reductions for 22 of the failure modes, with the largest reductions from screening of patients and staff, requiring use of masks, and regular cleaning of patient areas. The median risk score for all failure modes was reduced from 280 to 168. There was high institutional agreement for 90.3% of failure modes but only 47% of control measures.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-related risks are similar across oncology practices in this study. While control measures can reducerisk, their use varied. The effectiveness ofcontrol measures on risk may guide selection of the highest-impact workflow adaptions to ensure safe care in oncology.},
}
@article {pmid33096114,
year = {2020},
author = {Morris, G and Bortolasci, CC and Puri, BK and Olive, L and Marx, W and O'Neil, A and Athan, E and Carvalho, A and Maes, M and Walder, K and Berk, M},
title = {Preventing the development of severe CoVID 19 by modifying immunothrombosis.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {118617},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118617},
pmid = {33096114},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with significant morbidity and high levels of mortality. This paper describes the processes involved in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 from the initial infection and subsequent destruction of type II alveolar epithelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and culminating in the development of ARDS.<br><br>MAIN BODY: The activation of alveolar cells and alveolar macrophages leads to the release of large quantities of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines and their translocation into the pulmonary vasculature. The presence of these inflammatory mediators in the vascular compartment leads to the activation of vascular endothelial cells platelets and neutrophils and the subsequent formation of platelet neutrophil complexes. These complexes in concert with activated endothelial cells interact to create a state of immunothrombosis. The consequence of immunothrombosis include hypercoagulation, accelerating inflammation, fibrin deposition, migration of NET producing neutrophils into the alveolar apace, activation of the NLRP3 inflammazome, increased alveolar macrophage destruction and massive tissue damage by pyroptosis and necroptosis Therapeutic combinations aimed at ameliorating immunothrombosis and preventing the development of severe COVID19 are discussed in detail.},
}
@article {pmid33096099,
year = {2020},
author = {Corley, DA and Sedki, M and Ritzwoller, DP and Greenlee, RT and Neslund-Dudas, C and Rendle, KA and Honda, SA and Schottinger, JE and Udaltsova, N and Vachani, A and Kobrin, S and Li, CI and Haas, JS},
title = {Cancer Screening during COVID-19: A Perspective from NCI's PROSPR consortium.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.030},
pmid = {33096099},
issn = {1528-0012},
}
@article {pmid33096086,
year = {2020},
author = {Fondevila, MF and Mercado-Gómez, M and Rodríguez, A and Gonzalez-Rellan, MJ and Iruzubieta, P and Valentí, V and Escalada, J and Schwaninger, M and Prevot, V and Dieguez, C and Crespo, J and Frühbeck, G and Martinez-Chantar, ML and Nogueiras, R},
title = {Obese patients with NASH have increased hepatic expression of SARS-CoV-2 critical entry points.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.027},
pmid = {33096086},
issn = {1600-0641},
}
@article {pmid33096085,
year = {2020},
author = {Chadban, SJ and McDonald, M and Wyburn, K and Opdam, H and Barry, L and Coates, PT},
title = {Significant impact of COVID-19 on organ donation and transplantation in a low-prevalence country: Australia.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.007},
pmid = {33096085},
issn = {1523-1755},
}
@article {pmid33096082,
year = {2020},
author = {Schlick, T and Zhu, Q and Jain, S and Yan, S},
title = {Structure-Altering Mutations of the SARS-CoV-2 Frame Shifting RNA Element.},
journal = {Biophysical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpj.2020.10.012},
pmid = {33096082},
issn = {1542-0086},
abstract = {With the rapid rate of Covid-19 infections and deaths, treatments and cures besides hand washing, social distancing, masks, isolation, and quarantines are urgently needed. The treatments and vaccines rely on the basic biophysics of the complex viral apparatus. While proteins are serving as main drug and vaccine targets, therapeutic approaches targeting the 30,000 nucleotide RNA viral genome form important complementary approaches. Indeed, the high conservation of the viral genome, its close evolutionary relationship to other viruses, and the rise of gene editing and RNA-based vaccines all argue for a focus on the RNA agent itself. One of the key steps in the viral replication cycle inside host cells is the ribosomal frameshifting required for translation of overlapping open reading frames. The RNA frameshifting element (FSE), one of three highly conserved regions of coronaviruses, is believed to include a pseudoknot considered essential for this ribosomal switching. In this work, we apply our graph-theory-based framework for representing RNA secondary structures, &quot;RAG&quot; (RNA-As Graphs), to alter key structural features of the FSE of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Specifically, using RAG machinery of genetic algorithms for inverse folding adapted for RNA structures with pseudoknots, we computationally predict minimal mutations that destroy a structurally-important stem and/or the pseudoknot of the FSE, potentially dismantling the virus against translation of the polyproteins. Our microsecond molecular dynamics simulations of mutant structures indicate relatively stable secondary structures. These findings not only advance our computational design of RNAs containing pseudoknots; they pinpoint to key residues of the SARS-CoV-2 virus as targets for anti-viral drugs and gene editing approaches.},
}
@article {pmid33096042,
year = {2020},
author = {Ferigato, S and Fernandez, M and Amorim, M and Ambrogi, I and Fernandes, LMM and Pacheco, R},
title = {The Brazilian Government's mistakes in responding to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32164-4},
pmid = {33096042},
issn = {1474-547X},
}
@article {pmid33096041,
year = {2020},
author = {Stewart, R and El-Harakeh, A and Cherian, SA and , },
title = {Evidence synthesis communities in low-income and middle-income countries and the COVID-19 response.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32141-3},
pmid = {33096041},
issn = {1474-547X},
}
@article {pmid33096033,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, X and Li, M and Zhang, B and Chen, T and Lv, D and Xia, P and Sun, Z and Shentu, X and Chen, H and Li, L and Qian, W},
title = {The N gene of SARS-CoV-2 was the main positive component in repositive samples from a cohort of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.10.019},
pmid = {33096033},
issn = {1873-3492},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Repositivity of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in discharged COVID-19 patients was reported recently. However, the characteristics of repositive results are still not well understood, leading to a lack of effective monitoring strategies.<br><br>METHODS: In the present study, a total of 59 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, and the characteristics of the repositive samples were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: The repositive rate in this cohort was 15.79%. The N gene was the main target gene that was positive in the repositive results as well as in the last positive results of all patients. The median duration from diagnosis to the last positive test was 20 days (IQR, 16-31 days), and the longest duration was 40 days. Repositivity was only observed in IgM single- or both IgM- and IgG-positive patients, instead of IgG single-positive patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant proportion of repositives in the recovered COVID-19 patients, and increasing the required number of negatives for consecutive nucleic acid tests may reduce the incidence of repositives. The recommended monitoring strategy for repositivity is monitoring the N gene in IgM-positive patients. This can ensure high sensitivity while reducing the time and cost of nucleic acid detection.},
}
@article {pmid33096026,
year = {2020},
author = {Overmyer, KA and Shishkova, E and Miller, IJ and Balnis, J and Bernstein, MN and Peters-Clarke, TM and Meyer, JG and Quan, Q and Muehlbauer, LK and Trujillo, EA and He, Y and Chopra, A and Chieng, HC and Tiwari, A and Judson, MA and Paulson, B and Brademan, DR and Zhu, Y and Serrano, LR and Linke, V and Drake, LA and Adam, AP and Schwartz, BS and Singer, HA and Swanson, S and Mosher, DF and Stewart, R and Coon, JJ and Jaitovich, A},
title = {Large-Scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity.},
journal = {Cell systems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cels.2020.10.003},
pmid = {33096026},
issn = {2405-4720},
abstract = {We performed RNA-seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19-positive and COVID-19-negative patients with diverse disease severities and outcomes. Quantified transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many of which were involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.},
}
@article {pmid33096020,
year = {2020},
author = {Meckiff, BJ and Ramírez-Suástegui, C and Fajardo, V and Chee, SJ and Kusnadi, A and Simon, H and Eschweiler, S and Grifoni, A and Pelosi, E and Weiskopf, D and Sette, A and Ay, F and Seumois, G and Ottensmeier, CH and Vijayanand, P},
title = {Imbalance of Regulatory and Cytotoxic SARS-CoV-2-Reactive CD4+ T Cells in COVID-19.},
journal = {Cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.001},
pmid = {33096020},
issn = {1097-4172},
abstract = {The contribution of CD4+ T cells to protective or pathogenic immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection remains unknown. Here, we present single-cell transcriptomic analysis of >100,000 viral antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells from 40 COVID-19 patients. In hospitalized patients compared to non-hospitalized patients, we found increased proportions of cytotoxic follicular helper cells and cytotoxic T helper (TH) cells (CD4-CTLs) responding to SARS-CoV-2 and reduced proportion of SARS-CoV-2-reactive regulatory T cells (TREG). Importantly, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a strong cytotoxic TFH response was observed early in the illness, which correlated negatively with antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Polyfunctional TH1 and TH17 cell subsets were underrepresented in the repertoire of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells compared to influenza-reactive CD4+ T cells. Together, our analyses provide insights into the gene expression patterns of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ T cells in distinct disease severities.},
}
@article {pmid33096013,
year = {2020},
author = {Cabral, P and Gomes, B and Felgueiras, M},
title = {[Uncertain Certainties: Upcoming Challenges in the Laboratory Diagnosis of COVID-19].},
journal = {Acta medica portuguesa},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20344/amp.15002},
pmid = {33096013},
issn = {1646-0758},
}
@article {pmid33095983,
year = {2020},
author = {Gu, Y and Lu, J and Su, W and Liu, Y and Xie, C and Yuan, J},
title = {Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the Karaoke Room: An Outbreak of COVID-19 in Guangzhou, China, 2020.},
journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2991/jegh.k.201007.001},
pmid = {33095983},
issn = {2210-6014},
}
@article {pmid33095982,
year = {2020},
author = {Alharthy, A and Aletreby, W and Faqihi, F and Balhamar, A and Alaklobi, F and Alanezi, K and Jaganathan, P and Tamim, H and Alqahtani, SA and Karakitsos, D and Memish, ZA},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Predictors of 28-Day Mortality in 352 Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Journal of epidemiology and global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2991/jegh.k.200928.001},
pmid = {33095982},
issn = {2210-6014},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the first COVID-19 patient in Saudi Arabia (March, 2020) more than 338,539 cases and approximately 4996 dead were reported. We present the main characteristics and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients that were admitted in the largest Ministry of Health Intensive Care Unit (ICU) in Saudi Arabia.<br><br>METHODS: This retrospective study, analyzed routine epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory data of COVID-19 critically ill patients in King Saud Medical City (KSMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March 20, 2020 and May 31, 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 infection was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assays performed on nasopharyngeal swabs in all enrolled cases. Outcome measures such as 28-days mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: Three-hundred-and-fifty-two critically ill COVID-19 patients were included in the study. Patients had a mean age of 50.63 ± 13.3 years, 87.2% were males, and 49.4% were active smokers. Upon ICU admission, 56.8% of patients were mechanically ventilated with peripheral oxygen saturation/fraction of inspired oxygen (SpO2/FiO2) ratio of 158 ± 32. No co-infections with other endemic viruses were observed. Duration of mechanical ventilation was 16 (IQR: 8-28) days; ICU length of stay was 18 (IQR: 9-29) days, and 28-day mortality was 32.1%. Multivariate regression analysis showed that old age [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.15, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 1.03-1.21], active smoking [OR: 3, 95% CI: 2.51-3.66], pulmonary embolism [OR: 2.91, 95% CI: 2.65-3.36), decreased SpO2/FiO2 ratio [OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.91-0.97], and increased lactate [OR: 3.9, 95% CI: 2.4-4.9], and D-dimers [OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.57-3.12] were mortality predictors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Old age, active smoking, pulmonary embolism, decreased SpO2/FiO2 ratio, and increased lactate and D-dimers were predictors of 28-day mortality in critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid33095970,
year = {2020},
author = {Bauer, DC and Metke-Jimenez, A and Maurer-Stroh, S and Tiruvayipati, S and Wilson, LOW and Jain, Y and Perrin, A and Ebrill, K and Hansen, DP and Vasan, SS},
title = {Interoperable medical data: the missing link for understanding COVID-19.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tbed.13892},
pmid = {33095970},
issn = {1865-1682},
abstract = {Being able to link clinical outcomes to SARS-CoV-2 virus strains is a critical component of understanding COVID-19. Here we discuss how current processes hamper sustainable data collection to enable meaningful analysis and insights. Following the 'Fast Healthcare Interoperable Resource' (FHIR) implementation guide, we introduce an ontology-based standard questionnaire to overcome these shortcomings and describe patient &quot;journeys&quot; in coordination with the World Health Organization's recommendations. We identify steps in the clinical health data acquisition cycle and workflows that likely have the biggest impact in the data-driven understanding of this virus. Specifically, we recommend detailed symptoms and medical history using FHIR standards. We have taken the first steps towards this by making patient status mandatory in GISAID immediately resulting in a measurable increase in the fraction of cases with useful patient information. The main remaining limitation is the lack of controlled vocabulary or a medical ontology.},
}
@article {pmid33095922,
year = {2020},
author = {Martínez-Lourido, E and Otero, A and Armisén, M and Vidal, C},
title = {Comment on: Bilò MB, Pravettoni V, Mauro M, Bonadonna P. Treating venom allergy during COVID-19 pandemic. Allergy. 2020 Jul 16. doi: 10.1111/all.14473: Management of venom allergen immunotherapy during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spain.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.14567},
pmid = {33095922},
issn = {1398-9995},
}
@article {pmid33095905,
year = {2020},
author = {Damiani, E and Carsetti, A and Casarotta, E and Domizi, R and Scorcella, C and Adrario, E and Donati, A},
title = {Comment on &quot;Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study&quot;.},
journal = {Annals of intensive care},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
doi = {10.1186/s13613-020-00765-6},
pmid = {33095905},
issn = {2110-5820},
}
@article {pmid33095893,
year = {2020},
author = {Medina-Walpole, A},
title = {In the COVID-19 Era, Here's Where We Need Sustained Support.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {51-52},
doi = {10.3928/00989134-20201012-07},
pmid = {33095893},
issn = {0098-9134},
}
@article {pmid33095888,
year = {2020},
author = {Knollman-Porter, K and Burshnic, VL},
title = {Optimizing Effective Communication While Wearing a Mask During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {7-11},
doi = {10.3928/00989134-20201012-02},
pmid = {33095888},
issn = {0098-9134},
abstract = {Mandated face mask use for health care providers, secondary to COVID-19, creates an additional communication barrier for older adults with cognitive, communication, and/or hearing challenges. Face masks can soften a speaker's voice, conceal vocal tone, and hide facial expressions that relay essential non-verbal information. An inability to understand health care information or words of support can lead to frustration, anxiety, and decreased quality of life. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to review the current research, provide clinical examples, and highlight communication strategies, supports (i.e., written, gestural, and picture supports), and modifications to personal protective equipment that health care providers can implement, in isolation or combined, to improve communication with older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46(11), 7-11.].},
}
@article {pmid33095887,
year = {2020},
author = {Huang, FH and Chang, LC},
title = {Importance of Flow for Lonely Nursing Home Residents During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological nursing},
volume = {46},
number = {11},
pages = {5-6},
doi = {10.3928/00989134-20200923-01},
pmid = {33095887},
issn = {0098-9134},
}
@article {pmid33095868,
year = {2020},
author = {Tsheten, T and Wangchuk, S and Wangmo, D and Clements, ACA and Gray, DJ and Wangdi, K},
title = {COVID-19 Response and Lessons Learned on Dengue Control in Bhutan.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjaa225},
pmid = {33095868},
issn = {1938-2928},
}
@article {pmid33095853,
year = {2020},
author = {Geretti, AM and Stockdale, AJ and Kelly, SH and Cevik, M and Collins, S and Waters, L and Villa, G and Docherty, A and Harrison, EM and Turtle, L and Openshaw, PJM and Baillie, JK and Sabin, CA and Semple, MG},
title = {Outcomes of COVID-19 related hospitalization among people with HIV in the ISARIC WHO Clinical Characterization Protocol (UK): a prospective observational study.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1605},
pmid = {33095853},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence is conflicting about how HIV modulates COVID-19. We compared the presentation characteristics and outcomes of adults with and without HIV who were hospitalized with COVID-19 at 207 centers across the United Kingdom and whose data were prospectively captured by the ISARIC WHO CCP study.<br><br>METHODS: We used Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox regression to describe the association between HIV status and day-28 mortality, after separate adjustment for sex, ethnicity, age, hospital acquisition of COVID-19 (definite hospital acquisition excluded), presentation date, ten individual comorbidities, and disease severity at presentation (as defined by hypoxia or oxygen therapy).<br><br>RESULTS: Among 47,592 patients, 122 (0.26%) had confirmed HIV infection and 112/122 (91.8%) had a record of antiretroviral therapy. At presentation, HIV-positive people were younger (median 56 versus 74 years; p<0.001) and had fewer comorbidities, more systemic symptoms and higher lymphocyte counts and C-reactive protein levels. The cumulative day-28 mortality was similar in the HIV-positive vs. HIV-negative groups (26.7% vs. 32.1%; p=0.16), but in those under 60 years of age HIV-positive status was associated with increased mortality (21.3% vs. 9.6%; p<0.001 [log-rank test]). Mortality was higher among people with HIV after adjusting for age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-2.14; p=0.05), and the association persisted after adjusting for the other variables (aHR 1.69; 95% CI 1.15-2.48; p=0.008) and when restricting the analysis to people aged <60 years (aHR 2.87; 95% CI 1.70-4.84; p<0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive status was associated with an increased risk of day-28 mortality among patients hospitalized for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33095841,
year = {2020},
author = {Savino, M and Casula, A and Santhakumaran, S and Pitcher, D and Wong, E and Magadi, W and Evans, KM and Benoy-Deeney, F and Griffin, J and Plumb, L and Steenkamp, R and Nitsch, D and Medcalf, J},
title = {Sociodemographic features and mortality of individuals on haemodialysis treatment who test positive for SARS-CoV-2: A UK Renal Registry data analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241263},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241263},
pmid = {33095841},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Kidney disease is a recognised risk factor for poor COVID-19 outcomes. Up to 30 June 2020, the UK Renal Registry (UKRR) collected data for 2,385 in-centre haemodialysis (ICHD) patients with COVID-19 in England and Wales. Overall unadjusted survival at 1 week after date of positive COVID-19 test was 87.5% (95% CI 86.1-88.8%); mortality increased with age, treatment vintage and there was borderline evidence of Asian ethnicity (HR 1.16, 95% CI 0.94-1.44) being associated with higher mortality. Compared to the general population, the relative risk of mortality for ICHD patients with COVID-19 was 45.4 and highest in younger adults. This retrospective cohort study based on UKRR data supports efforts to protect this vulnerable patient group.},
}
@article {pmid33095838,
year = {2020},
author = {Shoari, N and Ezzati, M and Baumgartner, J and Malacarne, D and Fecht, D},
title = {Accessibility and allocation of public parks and gardens in England and Wales: A COVID-19 social distancing perspective.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241102},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241102},
pmid = {33095838},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Visiting parks and gardens supports physical and mental health. We quantified access to public parks and gardens in urban areas of England and Wales, and the potential for park crowdedness during periods of high use. We combined data from the Office for National Statistics and Ordnance Survey to quantify (i) the number of parks within 500 and 1,000 metres of urban postcodes (i.e., availability), (ii) the distance of postcodes to the nearest park (i.e., accessibility), and (iii) per-capita space in each park for people living within 1,000m. We examined variability by city and share of flats. Around 25.4 million people (~87%) can access public parks or gardens within a ten-minute walk, while 3.8 million residents (~13%) live farther away; of these 21% are children and 13% are elderly. Areas with a higher share of flats on average are closer to a park but people living in these areas visit parks that are potentially overcrowded during periods of high use. Such disparity in urban areas of England and Wales becomes particularly evident during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown when local parks, the only available out-of-home space option, hinder social distancing requirements. Cities aiming to facilitate social distancing while keeping public green spaces safe might require implementing measures such as dedicated park times for different age groups or entry allocation systems that, combined with smartphone apps or drones, can monitor and manage the total number of people using the park.},
}
@article {pmid33095836,
year = {2020},
author = {Parsons Leigh, J and Fiest, K and Brundin-Mather, R and Plotnikoff, K and Soo, A and Sypes, EE and Whalen-Browne, L and Ahmed, SB and Burns, KEA and Fox-Robichaud, A and Kupsch, S and Longmore, S and Murthy, S and Niven, DJ and Rochwerg, B and Stelfox, HT},
title = {A national cross-sectional survey of public perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic: Self-reported beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241259},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241259},
pmid = {33095836},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Efforts to mitigate the global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) have largely relied on broad compliance with public health recommendations yet navigating the high volume of evolving information can be challenging. We assessed self-reported public perceptions related to COVID-19 including, beliefs (e.g., severity, concerns, health), knowledge (e.g., transmission, information sources), and behaviors (e.g., physical distancing) to understand perspectives in Canada and to inform future public health initiatives.<br><br>METHODS: We administered a national online survey aiming to obtain responses from 2000 adults in Canada. Respondent sampling was stratified by age, sex, and region. We used descriptive statistics to summarize responses and tested for regional differences using chi-squared tests, followed by weighted logistic regression.<br><br>RESULTS: We collected 1,996 eligible questionnaires between April 26th and May 1st, 2020. One-fifth (20%) of respondents knew someone diagnosed with COVID-19, but few had tested positive themselves (0.6%). Negative impacts of pandemic conditions were evidenced in several areas, including concerns about healthcare (e.g. sufficient equipment, 52%), pandemic stress (45%), and worsening social (49%) and mental/emotional (39%) health. Most respondents (88%) felt they had good to excellent knowledge of virus transmission, and predominantly accessed (74%) and trusted (60%) Canadian news television, newspapers/magazines, or non-government news websites for COVID-19 information. We found high compliance with distancing measures (80% reported self-isolating or always physical distancing). We identified associations between region and self-reported beliefs, knowledge, and behaviors related to COVID-19.<br><br>DISCUSSION: We found that information about COVID-19 is largely acquired through domestic news sources, which may explain high self-reported compliance with prevention measures. The results highlight the broader impact of a pandemic on the general public's overall health and wellbeing, outside of personal infection. The study findings should be used to inform public health communications during COVID-19 and future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid33095835,
year = {2020},
author = {Javanmardi, F and Keshavarzi, A and Akbari, A and Emami, A and Pirbonyeh, N},
title = {Prevalence of underlying diseases in died cases of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241265},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241265},
pmid = {33095835},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Underlying disease have a critical role in vulnerability of populations for a greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. The aim of current study is evaluating the prevalence of underlying disease in died people with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: The current study have been conducted according to PRISMA guideline. International database including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and google scholar were searched for relevant studies up to 1 June. All relevant articles that reported underlying disease in died cases of COVID-19 were included in the analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: After screening and excluding duplicated and irrelevant studies, 32 articles included in the analysis. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, lung disease, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, COPD and asthma. Among all reported underlying disease, highest and lowest prevalence was related to hypertension and asthma which were estimated 46% (37% - 55%) and 3% (2%- 6%), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In summary, underlying disease have a critical role in poor outcomes, severity of disease and high mortality rate of COVID-19 cases. Patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes should be carefully monitored and be aware of health protocols.},
}
@article {pmid33095834,
year = {2020},
author = {Hübner, M and Zingg, T and Martin, D and Eckert, P and Demartines, N},
title = {Surgery for non-Covid-19 patients during the pandemic.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241331},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241331},
pmid = {33095834},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the early phase of the Covid-19 pandemic, mainly data related to the burden of care required by infected patients were reported. The aim of this study was to illustrate the timeline of actions taken and to measure and analyze their impact on surgical patients.<br><br>METHOD: This is a retrospective review of actions to limit Covid-19 spread and their impact on surgical activity in a Swiss tertiary referral center. Data on patient care, human resources and hospital logistics were collected. Impact on surgical activity was measured by comparing 6-week periods before and after the first measures were taken.<br><br>RESULTS: After the first Swiss Covid-19 case appeared on February 25, progressively restrictive measures were taken over a period of 23 days. Covid-19 positive inpatients increased from 5 to 131, and ICU patients from 2 to 31, between days 10 and 30, respectively, without ever overloading resources. A 43% decrease of elective visceral surgical procedures was observed after Covid-19 (295 vs 165, p<0.01), while the urgent operations (all specialties) decreased by 39% (1476 vs 897, p<0.01). Fifty-two and 38 major oncological surgeries were performed, respectively, representing a 27% decrease (p = 0.316). Outpatient consultations dropped by 59%, from 728 to 296 (p<0.01).<br><br>CONCLUSION: While allowing for maximal care of Covid-19 patients during the pandemic, the shift of resources limited the access to elective surgical care, with less impact on cancer care.},
}
@article {pmid33095815,
year = {2020},
author = {Tadić, B and Melnik, R},
title = {Modeling latent infection transmissions through biosocial stochastic dynamics.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241163},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241163},
pmid = {33095815},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The events of the recent SARS-CoV-2 epidemics have shown the importance of social factors, especially given the large number of asymptomatic cases that effectively spread the virus, which can cause a medical emergency to very susceptible individuals. Besides, the SARS-CoV-2 virus survives for several hours on different surfaces, where a new host can contract it with a delay. These passive modes of infection transmission remain an unexplored area for traditional mean-field epidemic models. Here, we design an agent-based model for simulations of infection transmission in an open system driven by the dynamics of social activity; the model takes into account the personal characteristics of individuals, as well as the survival time of the virus and its potential mutations. A growing bipartite graph embodies this biosocial process, consisting of active carriers (host) nodes that produce viral nodes during their infectious period. With its directed edges passing through viral nodes between two successive hosts, this graph contains complete information about the routes leading to each infected individual. We determine temporal fluctuations of the number of exposed and the number of infected individuals, the number of active carriers and active viruses at hourly resolution. The simulated processes underpin the latent infection transmissions, contributing significantly to the spread of the virus within a large time window. More precisely, being brought by social dynamics and exposed to the currently existing infection, an individual passes through the infectious state until eventually spontaneously recovers or otherwise is moves to a controlled hospital environment. Our results reveal complex feedback mechanisms that shape the dependence of the infection curve on the intensity of social dynamics and other sociobiological factors. In particular, the results show how the lockdown effectively reduces the spread of infection and how it increases again after the lockdown is removed. Furthermore, a reduced level of social activity but prolonged exposure of susceptible individuals have adverse effects. On the other hand, virus mutations that can gradually reduce the transmission rate by hopping to each new host along the infection path can significantly reduce the extent of the infection, but can not stop the spreading without additional social strategies. Our stochastic processes, based on graphs at the interface of biology and social dynamics, provide a new mathematical framework for simulations of various epidemic control strategies with high temporal resolution and virus traceability.},
}
@article {pmid33095814,
year = {2020},
author = {Pan, D and Yang, J and Zhou, G and Kong, F},
title = {The influence of COVID-19 on agricultural economy and emergency mitigation measures in China: A text mining analysis.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241167},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241167},
pmid = {33095814},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Understanding the influence of COVID-19 on China's agricultural economy and the Chinese government's emergency measures to ease the economic impacts of viral spread can offer urgently-needed lessons while this virus continues to spread across the globe. Thus, this study collected over 750,000 words upon the topic of COVID-19 and agriculture from the largest two media channels in China: WeChat and Sina Weibo, and employed web crawler technology and text mining method to explore the influence of COVID-19 on agricultural economy and mitigation measures in China. The results show that: (1) the impact of COVID-19 on China's agricultural economy at the very first phase is mainly reflected in eight aspects as crop production, agricultural products supply, livestock production, farmers' income and employment, economic crop development, agricultural products sales model, leisure agriculture development, and agricultural products trade. (2) The government's immediate countermeasures include resuming agricultural production and farmers' work, providing financial support, stabilizing agricultural production and products supply, promoting agricultural products sale, providing subsidies, providing agricultural technology guidance and field management, and providing assistance to poor farmers to reduce poverty. (3) The order of government's immediate countermeasures is not all in line with the order of impact aspects, which indicates that more-tailored policies should be implemented to mitigate the strikes of COVID-19 on China's agricultural economy in the future.},
}
@article {pmid33095811,
year = {2020},
author = {Roy, S and Ghosh, P},
title = {Factors affecting COVID-19 infected and death rates inform lockdown-related policymaking.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241165},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241165},
pmid = {33095811},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: After claiming nearly five hundred thousand lives globally, the COVID-19 pandemic is showing no signs of slowing down. While the UK, USA, Brazil and parts of Asia are bracing themselves for the second wave-or the extension of the first wave-it is imperative to identify the primary social, economic, environmental, demographic, ethnic, cultural and health factors contributing towards COVID-19 infection and mortality numbers to facilitate mitigation and control measures.<br><br>METHODS: We process several open-access datasets on US states to create an integrated dataset of potential factors leading to the pandemic spread. We then apply several supervised machine learning approaches to reach a consensus as well as rank the key factors. We carry out regression analysis to pinpoint the key pre-lockdown factors that affect post-lockdown infection and mortality, informing future lockdown-related policy making.<br><br>FINDINGS: Population density, testing numbers and airport traffic emerge as the most discriminatory factors, followed by higher age groups (above 40 and specifically 60+). Post-lockdown infected and death rates are highly influenced by their pre-lockdown counterparts, followed by population density and airport traffic. While healthcare index seems uncorrelated with mortality rate, principal component analysis on the key features show two groups: states (1) forming early epicenters and (2) experiencing strong second wave or peaking late in rate of infection and death. Finally, a small case study on New York City shows that days-to-peak for infection of neighboring boroughs correlate better with inter-zone mobility than the inter-zone distance.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: States forming the early hotspots are regions with high airport or road traffic resulting in human interaction. US states with high population density and testing tend to exhibit consistently high infected and death numbers. Mortality rate seems to be driven by individual physiology, preexisting condition, age etc., rather than gender, healthcare facility or ethnic predisposition. Finally, policymaking on the timing of lockdowns should primarily consider the pre-lockdown infected numbers along with population density and airport traffic.},
}
@article {pmid33095788,
year = {2020},
author = {Wei, J and Wang, L and Yang, X},
title = {Game analysis on the evolution of COVID-19 epidemic under the prevention and control measures of the government.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0240961},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0240961},
pmid = {33095788},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {In this paper, the interaction strategies and the evolutionary game analysis of the actions taken by the government and the public in the early days of the epidemic are incorporated into the natural transmission mechanism model of the epidemic, and then the transmission frequency equations of COVID-19 epidemic is established. According to the cumulative confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the UK and China, the upper limit of the spread of COVID-19 in different evolutionary scenarios is set. Using SPSS to perform logistic curve fitting, the frequency fitting equations of cumulative confirmed cases under different evolution scenarios are obtained respectively. The analysis result shows that the emergency response strategy adopted by the government in the early days of the epidemic can effectively control the spread of the epidemic. Combined with the transmission frequency equation of COVID-19 epidemic, measures taken by the government are analyzed. The influence of each measure on the frequency variable is judged and then the influence on the spread of the epidemic is obtained. Finally, based on the above analysis, the government is advised to adhere to the principles of scientific, initiative and flexibility when facing major epidemics.},
}
@article {pmid33095768,
year = {2020},
author = {, },
title = {Correction: COVID-19 prevention and treatment: A critical analysis of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine clinical pharmacology.},
journal = {PLoS medicine},
volume = {17},
number = {10},
pages = {e1003445},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pmed.1003445},
pmid = {33095768},
issn = {1549-1676},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003252.].},
}
@article {pmid33095740,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, Y and Xu, S and Wang, L and Huang, Y and Xu, Y and Xu, Y and Lv, Q and Wang, Z and Wu, Q},
title = {Information Regarding COVID-19 on the Internet: A Cross-sectional Study of Concerns.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20487},
pmid = {33095740},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the outbreak of COVID-19, the Chinese government and the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention have released COVID-19-related information to the public through various channels to raise their concern regarding the pandemic, increase their knowledge of disease prevention, and ensure they take proper preventive practices.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our objectives were to determine Chinese netizens' concerns related to COVID-19 and the relationship between their concerns and Internet information; and to elucidate the association between individuals' concerns, knowledge, and behavior related to COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: The questionnaire, which consisted of 15 closed-ended questions, was designed to investigate Chinese netizens' knowledge about COVID-19. The self-selection online survey method of nonprobability sampling was used to recruit participants through Dingxiangyisheng WeChat accounts. Standard descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 10,304 respondents were surveyed on the Internet (response rate = 1.75%, 10,304/590,000). Nearly all (95.30%) participants were concerned about &quot;confirmed cases&quot; and 87.70% received information about the outbreak through social media websites. There were significant differences in participants' concerns by sex (P = .016), age (P < .001), educational attainment (P = .001), and occupation (P < .001). All knowledge questions and preventive practices were associated with concerns about COVID-19. The results of the multivariate logistic regression indicate that participants' sex, educational attainment, occupation and employment status, knowledge acquisition, and concern were significantly associated with the proper preventive practices.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study elucidated the concerns, information sources, and preventive behaviors of Chinese netizens related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sex, educational attainment, occupation and employment status, knowledge acquisition, and concern were key factors associated with proper preventive behaviors. This provides the theoretical basis for the government to provide targeted prevention and control information to the public.},
}
@article {pmid33095680,
year = {2020},
author = {Kwee, TC and Kwee, RM},
title = {Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know.},
journal = {Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {200159},
doi = {10.1148/rg.2020200159},
pmid = {33095680},
issn = {1527-1323},
abstract = {Chest CT has a potential role in the diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognostication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Implementation of appropriate precautionary safety measures, chest CT protocol optimization, and a standardized reporting system based on the pulmonary findings in this disease will enhance the clinical utility of chest CT. However, chest CT examinations may lead to both false-negative and false-positive results. Furthermore, the added value of chest CT in diagnostic decision making is dependent on several dynamic variables, most notably available resources (real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] tests, personal protective equipment, CT scanners, hospital and radiology personnel availability, and isolation room capacity) and the prevalence of both COVID-19 and other diseases with overlapping manifestations at chest CT. Chest CT is valuable to detect both alternative diagnoses and complications of COVID-19 (acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and heart failure), while its role for prognostication requires further investigation. The authors describe imaging and managing care of patients with COVID-19, with topics including (a) chest CT protocol, (b) chest CT findings of COVID-19 and its complications, (c) the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT and its role in diagnostic decision making and prognostication, and (d) reporting and communicating chest CT findings. The authors also review other specific topics, including the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the World Health Organization case definition, the value of performing RT-PCR tests, and the radiology department and personnel impact related to performing chest CT in COVID-19. ©RSNA, 2020.},
}
@article {pmid33095660,
year = {2020},
author = {Papautsky, EL and Hamlish, T},
title = {Emotional Response of US Breast Cancer Survivors During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Cancer investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/07357907.2020.1841220},
pmid = {33095660},
issn = {1532-4192},
abstract = {In a sample of 633 US adult breast cancer survivors, we examined health-related worry as a function vulnerability as influenced by communication, trust, and planning with their cancer care team during the COVID-19 pandemic. We found significant positive correlations between communication and trust, communication and planning, and trust and planning. ANCOVAs with treatment status, immunocompromised status, and delays (separately) as IVs, trust as a covariate, and cancer-related worry as a DV, yielded significant models. A noteworthy finding is the presence of trust as a significant covariate in models of vulnerability and worry.},
}
@article {pmid33095653,
year = {2020},
author = {Maharaj, S and Hari, K},
title = {Congenital Inner Ear Abnormalities and COVID-19-Related Ear Infections.},
journal = {Ear, nose, &amp; throat journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {145561320968934},
doi = {10.1177/0145561320968934},
pmid = {33095653},
issn = {1942-7522},
abstract = {Congenital deformities of the labyrinth of the inner ear may be associated with an increased risk of infection and varying degrees of otologic and vestibular dysfunction. Lateral semicircular canal abnormalities specifically can be associated with either normal hearing or hearing loss (conductive or sensorineural). In our patient, the acute symptoms of vertigo and tinnitus coincided with the diagnosis of COVID-19. It is unlikely that the symptomatology was related to the acute infection, even in the face of the underlying congenital abnormality. It has been shown that there is no correlation between the severity of the radiological abnormality and vestibular symptomatology in patients with isolated abnormalities of the semicircular canals. The abnormality can be asymptomatic.},
}
@article {pmid33095583,
year = {2020},
author = {Sperk, M and van Domselaar, R and Rodriguez, JE and Mikaeloff, F and Sá Vinhas, B and Saccon, E and Sönnerborg, A and Singh, K and Gupta, S and Végvári, Á and Neogi, U},
title = {Utility of Proteomics in Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases Caused by RNA Viruses.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00380},
pmid = {33095583},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases due to RNA viruses cause major negative consequences for the quality of life, public health, and overall economic development. Most of the RNA viruses causing illnesses in humans are of zoonotic origin. Zoonotic viruses can directly be transferred from animals to humans through adaptation, followed by human-to-human transmission, such as in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and, more recently, SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), or they can be transferred through insects or vectors, as in the case of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and dengue virus (DENV). At the present, there are no vaccines or antiviral compounds against most of these viruses. Because proteins possess a vast array of functions in all known biological systems, proteomics-based strategies can provide important insights into the investigation of disease pathogenesis and the identification of promising antiviral drug targets during an epidemic or pandemic. Mass spectrometry technology has provided the capacity required for the precise identification and the sensitive and high-throughput analysis of proteins on a large scale and has contributed greatly to unravelling key protein-protein interactions, discovering signaling networks, and understanding disease mechanisms. In this Review, we present an account of quantitative proteomics and its application in some prominent recent examples of emerging and re-emerging RNA virus diseases like HIV-1, CCHFV, ZIKV, and DENV, with more detail with respect to coronaviruses (MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV) as well as the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33095553,
year = {2020},
author = {Nnamani Silva, ON},
title = {A Special Thank You to the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical Education Community During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Annals of plastic surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/SAP.0000000000002568},
pmid = {33095553},
issn = {1536-3708},
}
@article {pmid33095547,
year = {2020},
author = {Spatz, DL},
title = {Protecting Milk Supply During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {310},
doi = {10.1097/NMC.0000000000000651},
pmid = {33095547},
issn = {1539-0683},
}
@article {pmid33095546,
year = {2020},
author = {Beal, JA},
title = {Lessons Learned from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Pediatric Workplaces.},
journal = {MCN. The American journal of maternal child nursing},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {309},
doi = {10.1097/NMC.0000000000000647},
pmid = {33095546},
issn = {1539-0683},
}
@article {pmid33095525,
year = {2020},
author = {Gandhi, M and Rutherford, GW},
title = {Facial Masking for Covid-19. Reply.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {383},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2030886},
pmid = {33095525},
issn = {1533-4406},
}
@article {pmid33095524,
year = {2020},
author = {Brosseau, LM and Roy, CJ and Osterholm, MT},
title = {Facial Masking for Covid-19.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {383},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2030886},
pmid = {33095524},
issn = {1533-4406},
}
@article {pmid33095523,
year = {2020},
author = {Rasmussen, AL and Escandón, K and Popescu, SV},
title = {Facial Masking for Covid-19.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {383},
number = {21},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2030886},
pmid = {33095523},
issn = {1533-4406},
}
@article {pmid33095522,
year = {2020},
author = {Platton, S and Bowles, L and Pasi, KJ},
title = {Lupus Anticoagulant in Patients with Covid-19. Reply.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {383},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2027508},
pmid = {33095522},
issn = {1533-4406},
}
@article {pmid33095521,
year = {2020},
author = {Gooding, R and Myers, B and Salta, S},
title = {Lupus Anticoagulant in Patients with Covid-19.},
journal = {The New England journal of medicine},
volume = {383},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2027508},
pmid = {33095521},
issn = {1533-4406},
}
@article {pmid33095519,
year = {2020},
author = {Chou, HC and Tzeng, DS and Lin, SL},
title = {Suicide and the Elderly During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Overview of Different Suicide Theories.},
journal = {The primary care companion for CNS disorders},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4088/PCC.20nr02676},
pmid = {33095519},
issn = {2155-7780},
abstract = {Objective: To expand knowledge during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic with regard to suicide prevention among the elderly population by providing recommendations for interview strategies using 3 suicide theories.<br><br>Methods: Two hypothetical geriatric suicide cases (1 low lethality and 1 high lethality) are presented and categorized according to 3 suicide theories: interpersonal theory of suicide, three-step theory of suicide, and hopelessness theory of depression.<br><br>Results: In crisis intervention, the clinician's interview must match the intrinsic belief of the suicide attempter to enable engagement and rapport. Use of different aspects of the 3 suicide theories can be useful but are dependent on the emergent nature of the attempt.<br><br>Conclusion: The need for identification and treatment of those with mental health issues, especially among the elderly population, and collaborative multidiscipline management teams is increasing during the current global pandemic. Specific interview strategies are needed when engaging with elderly suicidal patients. Suicide prevention in elderly patients is worthy of strong public attention.},
}
@article {pmid33095518,
year = {2020},
author = {Shirzad, F and Hadi, F},
title = {COVID-19 and Telepsychiatry in Iran.},
journal = {The primary care companion for CNS disorders},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4088/PCC.20com02786},
pmid = {33095518},
issn = {2155-7780},
}
@article {pmid33095516,
year = {2020},
author = {Kotula, JJ and Balakumar, N and Khan, D and Patel, B},
title = {Bilateral pulmonary emboli in a teenager with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibody.},
journal = {Pediatric pulmonology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ppul.25132},
pmid = {33095516},
issn = {1099-0496},
abstract = {Thromboembolic phenomena, particularly pulmonary emboli, have been described in adult patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but have been less evident in children. We describe a case of a teenager with bilateral pulmonary emboli leading to cardiovascular collapse in the setting ofa positiveSARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33095515,
year = {2020},
author = {Alpalhão, M and Gaibino, N and Filipe, P},
title = {Seborrheic dermatitis in COVID-19: a case report.},
journal = {International journal of dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ijd.15256},
pmid = {33095515},
issn = {1365-4632},
}
@article {pmid33095513,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, Y and Chen, B and Li, Y and Zhang, L and Wang, Y and Yang, S and Xiao, X and Qin, Q},
title = {The Use of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Inhibitors is Associated with a Lower Risk of Mortality in Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26625},
pmid = {33095513},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors, including angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are one of the most prescribed anti-hypertensive medications. Previous studies showed RAAS inhibitors increase the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2), a cellular receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which provokes a concern that the use of ACEI and ARB in hypertensive individuals might lead to increased mortality and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To further investigate the effects of ACEI/ARB on COVID-19 patients, we systematically reviewed relevant studies that met predetermined inclusion criteria in search of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, medRxiv and bioRxiv. The search strategy included clinical data published through Oct 12, 2020. Twenty-six studies involving 8104 hypertensive patients in ACEI/ARB treated group and 8203 hypertensive patients in non-ACEI/ARB treated group were analyzed. Random-effects meta-analysis showed ACEI/ARB treatment was significantly associated with a lower risk of mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients (OR=0.624, 95% CI=0.457 to 0.852, p=0.003, I2 =74.3%). Meta-regression analysis showed that age, gender, study site, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale scores, co-morbidities of diabetes, coronary artery disease, chronic kidney disease, or cancer has no significant modulating effect of ACEI/ARB treatment on the mortality of hypertensive COVID-19 patients (all p-values>0.1). In addition, the ACEI/ARB treatment was associated with a lower risk of ventilatory support (OR=0.682, 95% CI=0.475 to 1.978, p=0.037, I2 =0.0%). In conclusion, these results suggest that ACEI/ARB medications should not be discontinued for hypertensive patients in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33095493,
year = {2020},
author = {Tanboon, J and Nishino, I},
title = {COVID-19-associated myositis may be dermatomyositis.},
journal = {Muscle &amp; nerve},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/mus.27105},
pmid = {33095493},
issn = {1097-4598},
}
@article {pmid33095490,
year = {2020},
author = {Bibler, T},
title = {Between Crisis and Convention: How Should We Address Contingency?.},
journal = {The Hastings Center report},
volume = {50},
number = {5},
pages = {17-19},
doi = {10.1002/hast.1181},
pmid = {33095490},
issn = {1552-146X},
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has brought about renewed conversation about equality and equity in the distribution of medical resources. Much of the recent conversation has focused on creating and implementing policies in times of crisis when resources are exhausted. Depending on how the pandemic develops, some communities may implement crisis measures, but many health care facilities are currently experiencing shortages of staff and materials even if the facilities have not implemented crisis standards. There is a need for shared conversation about equality and equity in these times of contingency between conventional and crisis medicine. To respond well to these challenges, I recommend that institutions rely on policy, professional education, and ethics consultation. As is the case with crisis policies, creating contingency policies requires that health care professionals decide on how, specifically, to achieve equity. A policy is only as effective as its implementation; therefore, institutions should invest in context-specific education on contingency policies. Finally, ethics consultation should be available for questions that contingency policies cannot address.},
}
@article {pmid33095474,
year = {2020},
author = {Behrens, S and Kozeniecki, M and Knapp, N and Martindale, RG},
title = {Nutrition Support During Prone Positioning: An Old Technique Reawakened by COVID-19.},
journal = {Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ncp.10592},
pmid = {33095474},
issn = {1941-2452},
abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a complex disease characterized by inflammation, resulting in diffuse alveolar damage, proliferation, and fibrosis, and carries a high mortality rate. Recently, the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has overwhelmed healthcare systems worldwide, as many patients have required hospitalization for the management of respiratory failure similar in nature to ARDS. In addition to lung-protective ventilation strategies aimed to maintain an oxygen saturation >90%, a ratio of partial pressure of oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen >200, a pH of 7.25-7.40, and a plateau pressure <35 cm H2 O, prone positioning has emerged as an effective treatment strategy for severe ARDS by improving oxygenation and secretion clearance. Although early nutrition assessment and intervention are recommended for acutely and critically ill patients, rotational therapy may present challenges in providing this care. Here, we will describe the pathophysiology of ARDS and the rationale for use of prone positioning and review the considerations and challenges of providing nutrition therapy for patients in the prone position.},
}
@article {pmid33095459,
year = {2020},
author = {Baig, AM},
title = {Chronic COVID Syndrome: Need for an appropriate medical terminology for Long-COVID and COVID Long-Haulers.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26624},
pmid = {33095459},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {With the ongoing pandemic of coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2, there has been a surge in research and publications related to its pathogenesis and the clinical presentation of the affected patients. Many aspects of this novel virus have raised confusion including the naming of the virus and the disease it causes, the staging of its clinical presentation to highlight a few such occurrences. An emerging aspect of the clinical presentation related to COVID-19 is the long-term effects, which in the absence of any consensus has been termed as long-covid and long-haulers in recent publications. As the COVID-19 is a zoonotic infection and comes under a medically related disease, the term chronic covid syndrome (CCS) would be a more traditional way of symbolizing the so-called long-covid and long-haulers in COVID-19. Though the renaming of this chronic state of now well-recognized chronicity seen in COVID-19 would not affect its prognosis, this is much needed to recognize this entity with a more appropriate nomenclature as published work is making its way into databases like Google Scholar and PubMed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33095454,
year = {2020},
author = {Shaminur Rahman, M and Rafiul Islam, M and Rubayet Ul Alam, ASM and Islam, I and Nazmul Hoque, M and Akter, S and Rahaman, MM and Sultana, M and Anwar Hossain, M},
title = {Evolutionary dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and its consequences.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26626},
pmid = {33095454},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {The emerging novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has created a global health crisis that warrants an accurate and detailed characterization of the rapidly evolving viral genome for understanding its epidemiology, pathogenesis and containment. Here, we explored 61,485 sequences of the nucleocapsid (N) protein, a potent diagnostic and prophylactic target, for identifying the mutations to review their roles in real-timePCR based diagnosis and observe consequent impacts. Compared to the Wuhan reference strain, a total of 1034 unique nucleotide mutations were identified in the mutant strains (49.15%, n=30,221) globally. Of these mutations, 367 occupy primer binding sites including 3'-end mismatch to primer-pair of 11 well characterized primer sets. Noteworthy, CDC (USA) recommended N2 primer set contained lower mismatch than the other primer sets. Moreover, 684 amino acid (aa) substitutions located across 317 (75.66% of total aa) unique positions including 82, 21, and 83 of those in RNA binding N-terminal domain (NTD), SR-rich region, and C-terminal dimerization domain (CTD), respectively. Moreover, 11 in-frame deletions, mostly (n =10) within the highly flexible linker region, were revealed and the rest within the NTD region. Furthermore, we predicted the possible consequence of high-frequency mutations (≥ 20) and deletions on the tertiary structure of the N protein. Remarkably, we observed that high frequency (67.94% of mutated sequences) co-occuring mutations (R203K and G204R) destabilized and decreased overall structural flexibility. The N protein of SARS-CoV-2 comprises an average of 1.2 mutations per strain compared to 4.4 and 0.4 in MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, respectively. Despite being proposed as the alternate target to spike protein for vaccine and therapeutics, ongoing evolution of the N protein may challenge the endeavors, thus need further immunoinformatics analyses. Therefore, continuous monitoring is required for tracing the ongoing evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein in prophylactic and diagnostic interventions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33095432,
year = {2020},
author = {Viola, P and Ralli, M and Pisani, D and Malanga, D and Sculco, D and Messina, L and Laria, C and Aragona, T and Leopardi, G and Ursini, F and Scarpa, A and Topazio, D and Cama, A and Vespertini, V and Quintieri, F and Cosco, L and Cunsolo, EM and Chiarella, G},
title = {Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders in COVID-19 patients: preliminary results.},
journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06440-7},
pmid = {33095432},
issn = {1434-4726},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Tinnitus and equilibrium disorders such as dizziness and vertigo have been reported by patients with COVID-19; however, they have been rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to study the prevalence of subjective tinnitus and dizziness in a sample of COVID-19 patients using an online 10-item close-ended questionnaire.<br><br>METHODS: A multicentric study that included 15 Italian hospitals in different regions was conducted using an online 10-item close-ended questionnaire developed to identify the presence of tinnitus and balance disorders in patients with COVID-19 between May 5 and June 10, 2020. The questionnaire was administered to 185 patients in a period of > 30 - < 60 days after diagnosis of COVID-19; responses were recorded in an online Excel spreadsheet. The questionnaire was composed of three sections: (1) demographic information; (2) presence and characteristics of tinnitus and dizziness after COVID-19 diagnosis; (3) possible association with migraine.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-four patients (18.4%) reported equilibrium disorders after COVID-19 diagnosis. Of these, 32 patients reported dizziness (94.1%) and 2 (5.9%) reported acute vertigo attacks. Forty-three patients (23.2%) reported tinnitus; 14 (7.6%) reported both tinnitus and equilibrium disorders.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the presence of subjective otoneurological symptoms such as tinnitus and balance disorders can affect COVID-19 patients; further studies are necessary to investigate the prevalence and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying these subjective symptoms in COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid33095409,
year = {2020},
author = {Milder, TY and Stocker, SL and Day, RO and Greenfield, JR},
title = {Potential Safety Issues with Use of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors, Particularly in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.},
journal = {Drug safety},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40264-020-01010-6},
pmid = {33095409},
issn = {1179-1942},
abstract = {Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a major advance in the fields of diabetology, nephrology, and cardiology. The cardiovascular and renal benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors are likely largely independent of their glycaemic effects, and this understanding is central to the use of these agents in the high-risk population of people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. There are a number of potential safety issues associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors. These include the rare but serious risks of diabetic ketoacidosis and necrotising fasciitis of the perineum. The data regarding a possibly increased risk of lower limb amputation and fracture with SGLT2 inhibitor therapy are conflicting. This article aims to explore the potential safety issues associated with the use of SGLT2 inhibitors, with a particular focus on the safety of these drugs in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease. We discuss strategies that clinicians can implement to minimise the risk of adverse effects including diabetic ketoacidosis and volume depletion. Risk mitigation strategies with respect to SGLT2 inhibitor-associated diabetic ketoacidosis are of particular importance during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33095369,
year = {2020},
author = {Alhashash, M and Elsebaiy, W and Farag, M and Shousha, M},
title = {Emergency surgical management of cervical spine fracture-dislocation with acute paraplegia in COVID-19 (Coronavirus disease 2019)-suspected patient: first experience from a German spine centre.},
journal = {European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00586-020-06625-y},
pmid = {33095369},
issn = {1432-0932},
abstract = {PURPOSE: We present an organized hospital plan for the management of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients requiring emergency surgical interventions. To introduce a multidisciplinary approach for the management of COVID-19-infected patients and to report the first operated patient in the Corona unit.<br><br>METHODS: A detailed presentation of the hospital plan for a separate Corona unit with its intensive care unit and operating rooms. Description of the management of the first spine surgery case treated in this unit.<br><br>RESULTS: The Corona unit showed a practical approach for the management of an emergency cervical spine fracture-dislocation with acute paralysis. The patient is 92-year-old female. The mechanism of injury was a simple fall during the stay in the internal medicine department where the patient was treated in the referring hospital. The patient had no other injuries and was awake and oriented. The patient did not have the clinical symptom of COVID-19, and the test result of COVID-19 done in the referring hospital was not available on admission in our emergency room. Education of the medical staff and organization of the operating theatre facilitated the management of the patient without an increased risk of spreading the infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The current COVID-19 pandemic requires an extra-ordinary organization of the medical and surgical care of the patients. It is possible to manage an infected or a potentially infected patient surgically, but a multidisciplinary plan is necessary to protect other patients and the medical staff.},
}
@article {pmid33095368,
year = {2020},
author = {Palladino, F and Merolla, E and Solimeno, M and de Leva, MF and Lenta, S and Di Mita, O and Bonadies, A and Striano, P and Tipo, V and Varone, A},
title = {Is Covid-19 lockdown related to an increase of accesses for seizures in the emergency department? An observational analysis of a paediatric cohort in the Southern Italy.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04824-5},
pmid = {33095368},
issn = {1590-3478},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global pandemic of Covid-19 on 11 March 2020. The lockdown caused a lifestyle changes: an increase in the use of mobile media devices (MMDs), sleep and psychiatric disorders, incorrect habits regarding food and physical activities. We investigate prevalence of admission for seizures at our emergency department (ED), during Italian lockdown, comparing with that of the same period of the previous year (2019), and the relationship with some lifestyle changes.<br><br>METHODS: In this observational study, patients (4-14 years) with seizures that accessed at our ED, during Italian lockdown, were eligible. Non-epileptic events and febrile seizures were excluded. We describe two groups: patients with new-onset seizures and not. Moreover, a questionnaire concerning use of MMDs and sleep habits was administered.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients were included; median age 8.03 years. Considering only paediatric medical emergencies, the prevalence of accesses for seizures was 2.6% (CI 95% 0.020-0.034), while the incidence was 0.94% (CI 95% 0.006-0.0149). There was a statistically significant difference with prevalence of previous years, χ2 102.21 (p = 0.0001). We also reported a difference in daily screen time (DST) (p = 0.001) and total sleep time (TST) (p = 0.045), in all population, between period pre- and during lockdown. A negative correlation between DST and seizures latency (Spearman's ρ -0.426, p = 0.038) was found. In the two groups, the results were partially overlapping.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: During lockdown period, we assisted to an increase of accesses for seizures. It is conceivable that a sleep time change and/or higher MMD use could act as triggers for seizures.},
}
@article {pmid33095355,
year = {2020},
author = {Lasagna, A and Monaco, T and Imarisio, I and Brugnatelli, S},
title = {In reply to: &quot;A COVID-19 screening tool for oncology telephone triage&quot;.},
journal = {Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00520-020-05841-y},
pmid = {33095355},
issn = {1433-7339},
}
@article {pmid33095331,
year = {2020},
author = {Murphy, AA and Karyczak, S and Dolce, JN and Zechner, M and Bates, F and Gill, KJ and Rothpletz-Puglia, P},
title = {Challenges Experienced by Behavioral Health Organizations in New York Resulting from COVID-19: A Qualitative Analysis.},
journal = {Community mental health journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10597-020-00731-3},
pmid = {33095331},
issn = {1573-2789},
support = {1H79SM081783-01/SM/CMHS SAMHSA HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {This paper presents a qualitative content analysis of survey data collected from behavioral health care providers from throughout New York regarding the challenges faced as a result of COVID-19. Survey responses from 295 agency and program administrators and staff, representing 238 organizations, were analyzed. Ten themes were identified: business operations, service provision, telehealth, safety, client concerns, staff concerns, supplies, technology, illness/grief/loss, and communication. These themes represent concerns that arose from the rapid transition to widespread use of telehealth, limited technology accessibility for both staff and clients, reduced revenue and billing changes, impact of COVID-19 infection itself and subsequent deaths of clients and staff, and necessary modifications for organizational communication both internally and externally. The implications of these challenges and the need for further research to identify how to best address them are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid33095321,
year = {2020},
author = {Dzien, C and Halder, W and Winner, H and Lechleitner, M},
title = {Covid-19 screening: are forehead temperature measurements during cold outdoor temperatures really helpful?.},
journal = {Wiener klinische Wochenschrift},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00508-020-01754-2},
pmid = {33095321},
issn = {1613-7671},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Body temperature control is a frequently used screening test for infectious diseases, such as Covid-19 (Sars-CoV-2). We used this procedure to test the body temperature of staff members in a hospital in Tyrol (Austria), where the Covid-19 disease occurred in March 2020. The hospital is located in a mountain area at 995 m above sea level with low outdoor temperatures during early spring season. Under these conditions, we analyzed whether forehead temperature control offers a sufficient screening tool for infectious diseases.<br><br>METHODS: Forehead temperature of 101 healthy male and female employees was measured with an infrared thermometer directly after entering the hospital (0 min), followed by further controls after 1 min, 3 min, 5 min and 60 min. We also tracked the outside temperature and the temperature at the entrance hall of the hospital.<br><br>RESULTS: Complete data of body temperature were available for 46 female and 46 male study participants. The average forehead temperature measured directly after entrance to the hospital was the lowest (0 min) 33.17 ± 1.45 °C, and increased constantly to 34.90 ± 1.49 °C after 1 min, 35.77 ± 1.10 °C after 3 min, 36.08 ± 0.79 °C after 5 min, and 36.6 ± 0.24 °C after 60 min. The outside temperature ranged between -5.5 °C and 0 °C, the indoor temperature had a constant value of 20.5 °C.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that forehead infrared temperature control is not an appropriate tool to screen for infectious disease directly at the entrance of a building, at least during early spring season with cold outdoor temperatures.},
}
@article {pmid33095317,
year = {2020},
author = {Belhadi, A and Kamble, SS and Khan, SAR and Touriki, FE and Kumar M, D},
title = {Infectious Waste Management Strategy during COVID-19 Pandemic in Africa: an Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Selecting Sustainable Technologies.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00267-020-01375-5},
pmid = {33095317},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {The emerging and underdeveloped countries in Africa face numerous difficulties managing infectious waste during the SARS-CoV-2 disease, known as the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, the main aim of this paper is to help decision-makers in African countries to select the best available waste management strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research undertakes seamless assessment and prioritization of infectious solid waste (SW) and wastewater (WW) treatment technologies based on a criteria system involving four dimensions, i.e., environment-safety, technology, economics, and sociopolitics. A combined approach that integrates the results of life-cycle assessments and life-cycle costs (LCA-LCC), analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and VIKOR method in an interval-valued fuzzy (IVF) environment is proposed. The results reveal that combined incineration and chemical disinfection approach, and combined chlorination and ultraviolet irradiation are the most sustainable technologies for managing infectious SW and WW treatment in the present context. The proposed approach, alongside the findings of the study, constitutes a reference to devise urgent planning for contagious waste management in African countries as well as developing countries worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid33095284,
year = {2020},
author = {De Jong, A and Wrigge, H and Hedenstierna, G and Gattinoni, L and Chiumello, D and Frat, JP and Ball, L and Schetz, M and Pickkers, P and Jaber, S},
title = {How to ventilate obese patients in the ICU.},
journal = {Intensive care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00134-020-06286-x},
pmid = {33095284},
issn = {1432-1238},
abstract = {Obesity is an important risk factor for major complications, morbidity and mortality related to intubation procedures and ventilation in the intensive care unit (ICU). The fall in functional residual capacity promotes airway closure and atelectasis formation. This narrative review presents the impact of obesity on the respiratory system and the key points to optimize airway management, noninvasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU patients with obesity. Non-invasive strategies should first optimize body position with reverse Trendelenburg position or sitting position. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is considered as the first-line therapy in patients with obesity having a postoperative acute respiratory failure. Positive pressure pre-oxygenation before the intubation procedure is the method of reference. The use of videolaryngoscopy has to be considered by adequately trained intensivists, especially in patients with several risk factors. Regarding mechanical ventilation in patients with and without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), low tidal volume (6 ml/kg of predicted body weight) and moderate to high positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), with careful recruitment maneuver in selected patients, are advised. Prone positioning is a therapeutic choice in severe ARDS patients with obesity. Prophylactic NIV should be considered after extubation to prevent re-intubation. If obesity increases mortality and risk of ICU admission in the overall population, the impact of obesity on ICU mortality is less clear and several confounding factors have to be taken into account regarding the &quot;obesity ICU paradox&quot;.},
}
@article {pmid33095265,
year = {2020},
author = {Sullivan, MA},
title = {The Use of Storytelling With Grief Reactions in Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.3928/02793695-20201015-02},
pmid = {33095265},
issn = {0279-3695},
abstract = {Children are living through the COVID-19 pandemic and the traumatic changes the virus has had on the structure and schedule of their daily existence. They are struggling to cope with the loss of the normalcy of their lives and the resulting sense of grief. As the loneliness and isolation required by social distancing can worsen grief, it is important to increase communication with children and include strategies to reduce stress and increase resilience. Storytelling is the oldest form of teaching and has multiple benefits, including identifying emotional states, developing a vocabulary to allow self-advocacy, encouraging the use of strategy, and promoting a sense of hope. In addition, models of positive psychological attitude can diminish anxiety and divert attention to a more productive and positive outlook. Stories are powerful tools and convey thoughts, ideas, and values while encouraging purposeful discussion. For children, hearing stories is a rich avenue to gain insight, resources, and approaches to cope with these unprecedented times. It would be helpful to explore the long-term effects on children of COVID-19-related confinement and loss. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx(x), xx-xx.].},
}
@article {pmid33095262,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, AR and Kim, SY},
title = {Mental Health Predictors After the COVID-19 Outbreak in Korean Adults.},
journal = {Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.3928/02793695-20201015-04},
pmid = {33095262},
issn = {0279-3695},
abstract = {The current study was conducted to investigate mental health levels in Korean adults during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and determine their predictors. The study was conducted online, and 334 adults from 14 locations in Korea participated. Data collection was conducted from May 19 to May 24, 2020, using a questionnaire consisting of general and COVID-19-related characteristics, perceived physical health, individual and community resilience, and mental health. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, t test, one-way analysis of variance, and hierarchical regression were used. In cases where women were more vulnerable to mental health problems and gender was controlled, regression analysis showed that individual resilience (β = -0.212, p < 0.001), perceived physical health (β = -0.160, p = 0.004), and community resilience (β = -0.119, p = 0.031) had an effect on mental health. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, communities should screen groups vulnerable to mental health problems and develop an integrated mental health program that incorporates predictors of mental health difficulties. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health, xx(x), xx-xx.].},
}
@article {pmid33095253,
year = {2020},
author = {Padalabalanarayanan, S and Hanumanthu, VS and Sen, B},
title = {Association of State Stay-at-Home Orders and State-Level African American Population With COVID-19 Case Rates.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {e2026010},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.26010},
pmid = {33095253},
issn = {2574-3805},
abstract = {Importance: To cope with the continuing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, state and local officials need information on the effectiveness of policies aimed at curbing disease spread, as well as state-specific characteristics, like the racial mix, associated with increased risks related to the disease.<br><br>Objective: To investigate whether state-imposed stay-at-home orders (SAHOs) and the proportion of African American population in a state were associated with the state-level COVID-19 cases.<br><br>This cross-sectional study used daily, state-level data on COVID-19 cases, tests, and fatalities from the COVID Tracking Project. Data from March 1 to May 4, 2020, for all states (except Washington state) as well as the District of Columbia were used.<br><br>Exposures: The key exposure variables were state-level SAHO (1 if in place, 0 otherwise), and proportion of state population who are African American.<br><br>Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was daily cumulative COVID-19 case rates. A secondary outcome was subsequent COVID-19 fatality rates, derived using mean cumulative fatality rates 21 to 28 days after each date. Multivariate regression models were estimated.<br><br>Results: The final sample included 3023 pooled state- and day-level observations. The mean (SD) cumulative positive case rate was 103.186 (200.067) cases per 100 000 state population, the mean (SD) cumulative test rate was 744.23 (894.944) tests per 100 000 state population, and the mean (SD) subsequent cumulative fatality rate was 12.923 (21.737) deaths per 100 000 state population. There was a negative association of SAHOs with cumulative case rates (β = -1.166; 95% CI, -1.484 to -0.847; P < .001) and subsequent fatality rates (β = -0.204; 95% CI, -0.294 to -0.113; P < .001). Estimation analyses indicated that expected cumulative case rates would have been more than 200% higher and fatality rates approximately 22% higher if there were no SAHOs, as compared with SAHOs fully in place. A higher proportion of African American population was associated with higher case rates (β = 0.045; 95% CI, 0.014 to 0.077; P = .001) and fatality rates (β = 0.068; 95% CI, 0.044 to 0.091; P < .001).<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, SAHOs were associated with reductions in COVID-19 case rates. These findings could help inform policy makers to address the continued COVID-19 pandemic in the US. The proportion of African American population was positively associated with COVID-19 case rates, and this state-level finding adds to evidence from existing ecological studies using county-level data on racial disparities in COVID-19 infection rates and underlines the urgency of better understanding and addressing these disparities.},
}
@article {pmid33095252,
year = {2020},
author = {Wathelet, M and Duhem, S and Vaiva, G and Baubet, T and Habran, E and Veerapa, E and Debien, C and Molenda, S and Horn, M and Grandgenèvre, P and Notredame, CE and D'Hondt, F},
title = {Factors Associated With Mental Health Disorders Among University Students in France Confined During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {e2025591},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25591},
pmid = {33095252},
issn = {2574-3805},
abstract = {Importance: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and quarantine measures have raised concerns regarding their psychological effects on populations. Among the general population, university students appear to be particularly susceptible to experiencing mental health problems.<br><br>Objectives: To measure the prevalence of self-reported mental health symptoms, to identify associated factors, and to assess care seeking among university students who experienced the COVID-19 quarantine in France.<br><br>This survey study collected data from April 17 to May 4, 2020, from 69 054 students living in France during the COVID-19 quarantine. All French universities were asked to send an email to their students asking them to complete an online questionnaire. The targeted population was approximately 1 600 000 students.<br><br>Exposure: Living in France during the COVID-19 quarantine.<br><br>Main Outcomes and Measures: The rates of self-reported suicidal thoughts, severe distress, stress, anxiety, and depression were assessed using the 22-item Impact of Events Scale-Revised, the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the 20-item State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (State subscale), and the 13-item Beck Depression Inventory, respectively. Covariates were sociodemographic characteristics, precariousness indicators (ie, loss of income or poor quality housing), health-related data, information on the social environment, and media consumption. Data pertaining to care seeking were also collected. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors.<br><br>Results: A total of 69 054 students completed the survey (response rate, 4.3%). The median (interquartile range) age was 20 (18-22) years. The sample was mainly composed of women (50 251 [72.8%]) and first-year students (32 424 [47.0%]). The prevalence of suicidal thoughts, severe distress, high level of perceived stress, severe depression, and high level of anxiety were 11.4% (7891 students), 22.4% (15 463 students), 24.7% (17 093 students), 16.1% (11 133 students), and 27.5% (18 970 students), respectively, with 29 564 students (42.8%) reporting at least 1 outcome, among whom 3675 (12.4%) reported seeing a health professional. Among risk factors identified, reporting at least 1 mental health outcome was associated with female gender (odds ratio [OR], 2.10; 95% CI, 2.02-2.19; P < .001) or nonbinary gender (OR, 3.57; 95% CI, 2.99-4.27; P < .001), precariousness (loss of income: OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.22-1.33; P < .001; low-quality housing: OR, 2.30; 95% CI, 2.06-2.57; P < .001), history of psychiatric follow-up (OR, 3.28; 95% CI, 3.09-3.48; P < .001), symptoms compatible with COVID-19 (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.49-1.61; P < .001), social isolation (weak sense of integration: OR, 3.63; 95% CI, 3.35-3.92; P < .001; low quality of social relations: OR, 2.62; 95% CI, 2.49-2.75; P < .001), and low quality of the information received (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.49-1.64; P < .001).<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this survey study suggest a high prevalence of mental health issues among students who experienced quarantine, underlining the need to reinforce prevention, surveillance, and access to care.},
}
@article {pmid33095246,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, A and Li, Y and Wan, Z and Wang, W and Lei, X and Lv, Y},
title = {Seropositive Prevalence of Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {3},
number = {10},
pages = {e2025717},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.25717},
pmid = {33095246},
issn = {2574-3805},
}
@article {pmid33095232,
year = {2020},
author = {Win, A},
title = {Rapid Rise of COVID-19 second wave in Myanmar and Implications for the Western Pacific Region.},
journal = {QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/qjmed/hcaa290},
pmid = {33095232},
issn = {1460-2393},
abstract = {Myanmar's second wave of covid-19 infections started in Rakhine State but the virus is spreading to other states and regions. The country's healthcare system is understaffed, overstretched and lacking infrastructure. The rapid rise of cases can overwhelm Myanmar's healthcare system and the virus can spread to the Western Pacific countries.},
}
@article {pmid33095209,
year = {2020},
author = {Tysiąc-Miśta, M and Bulanda, S},
title = {The utilization of rapid serological tests in COVID-19 diagnostics - a high risk of false-negative results in outpatient care, with particular emphasis on dental treatment.},
journal = {Medycyna pracy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.13075/mp.5893.01034},
pmid = {33095209},
issn = {2353-1339},
abstract = {In order to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, in the early stages of the pandemic outbreak, postponing elective procedures was recommended all around the world. Outpatient care and dental care were limited to telephone advice and emergency services. Dental staff is particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 contraction, because of the inevitable contact with patients' body fluids during aerosol-generating procedures. The implementation of diagnostic tests among ambulatory patients could improve the occupational safety among outpatient care personnel. The aim of this review was to introduce information regarding COVID-19 diagnostics with a particular focus on the methods which can be utilized in an outpatient and dental care setting. An online PubMed database review of articles on COVID-19 diagnostics, published on February 12-May 15, 2020, was conducted. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction is the gold standard in COVID-19 diagnostics, which determines if a person has an active infection. Unfortunately, its utilization in outpatient care is limited. Serological enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays identify people who were infected, including those who have had an asymptomatic infection, but they do not give sufficient information about the acute infection. Rapid serological assays developed to facilitate testing outside of laboratories, especially in dental offices, are not recommended by the World Health Organization to be used outside research settings, and they should not constitute the basis for clinical decision-making because of frequent false-negative results which may consequently contribute to personnel infections. Out of all available COVID-19 diagnostic methods, rapid serological assays seemed to be a method of choice in outpatient medical care. Unfortunately, their results turned out to be unreliable. The best methods to ensure the occupational safety of medical staff and to avoid cross-infections in outpatient care facilities include a thorough epidemiological interview, temperature measurement to rule out patients with an active infection, and the implementation of strict infection control procedures. Med Pr. 2021;72(2).},
}
@article {pmid33095205,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Sayah, MH},
title = {Chemical disinfectants of COVID-19: an overview.},
journal = {Journal of water and health},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {843-848},
doi = {10.2166/wh.2020.108},
pmid = {33095205},
issn = {1477-8920},
abstract = {The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has led to a broad use of chemical disinfectants in order to sterilize public spaces and prevent contamination. This paper surveys the chemicals that are effective in deactivating the virus and their mode of action. It presents the different chemical classes of disinfectants and identifies the chemical features of these compounds that pertain to their biocidal activity, relevant to surface/water disinfection.},
}
@article {pmid33095188,
year = {2020},
author = {Howard, G and Bartram, J and Brocklehurst, C and Colford, JM and Costa, F and Cunliffe, D and Dreibelbis, R and Eisenberg, JNS and Evans, B and Girones, R and Hrudey, S and Willetts, J and Wright, CY},
title = {COVID-19: urgent actions, critical reflections and future relevance of 'WaSH': lessons for the current and future pandemics.},
journal = {Journal of water and health},
volume = {18},
number = {5},
pages = {613-630},
doi = {10.2166/wh.2020.162},
pmid = {33095188},
issn = {1477-8920},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic placed hygiene at the centre of disease prevention. Yet, access to the levels of water supply that support good hand hygiene and institutional cleaning, our understanding of hygiene behaviours, and access to soap are deficient in low-, middle- and high-income countries. This paper reviews the role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in disease emergence, previous outbreaks, combatting COVID-19 and in preparing for future pandemics. We consider settings where these factors are particularly important and identify key preventive contributions to disease control and gaps in the evidence base. Urgent substantial action is required to remedy deficiencies in WaSH, particularly the provision of reliable, continuous piped water on-premises for all households and settings. Hygiene promotion programmes, underpinned by behavioural science, must be adapted to high-risk populations (such as the elderly and marginalised) and settings (such as healthcare facilities, transport hubs and workplaces). WaSH must be better integrated into preparation plans and with other sectors in prevention efforts. More finance and better use of financing instruments would extend and improve WaSH services. The lessons outlined justify no-regrets investment by government in response to and recovery from the current pandemic; to improve day-to-day lives and as preparedness for future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid33095180,
year = {2020},
author = {Chamberlain, LR and Hall, CL and Andrén, P and Davies, EB and Kilgariff, J and Kouzoupi, N and Murphy, T and Hollis, C},
title = {Therapist-Supported Online Interventions for Children and Young People With Tic Disorders: Lessons Learned From a Randomized Controlled Trial and Considerations for Future Practice.},
journal = {JMIR mental health},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {e19600},
doi = {10.2196/19600},
pmid = {33095180},
issn = {2368-7959},
abstract = {In recent years, research into internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) has suggested that therapist-guided digital interventions have greater engagement, adherence, and effectiveness than self-directed digital therapies. While research has focused on the effectiveness of, and adherence to, these interventions, less attention has been paid to their implementation in practice and what aspects of the therapist role support success. An understanding of the key factors related to the therapist role and intervention delivery is required if these iCBTs are to be applied in routine clinical care and outcomes optimized. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there is greater emphasis on allowing patients access to remote therapies. We report the experiences and reflections of 4 therapists and their 2 supervisors in delivering an online, therapist-supported intervention in a randomized controlled trial for children and young people with tic disorders (the Online Remote Behavioural Intervention for Tics [ORBIT] trial). Themes discussed include the importance of training, supervision, creating support documents/manuals, and record keeping. Alongside this are communication strategies used by therapists to encourage patient adherence and treatment effectiveness. These include rapport building, treatment personalization, and suggestions for overcoming non-engagement. These reflections offer important considerations for the delivery of iCBTs as well as implications associated with the implementation of these interventions in existing services and future research studies. We share thoughts on where iCBTs may sit in a stepped care model, how services may deal with comorbid conditions, and the potential role of iCBTs in collecting clinical data.},
}
@article {pmid33095171,
year = {2020},
author = {Krysl, D and Beniczky, S and Franceschetti, S and Arzimanoglou, A},
title = {The COVID-19 outbreak and approaches to performing EEG in Europe.},
journal = {Epileptic disorders : international epilepsy journal with videotape},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1684/epd.2020.1208},
pmid = {33095171},
issn = {1950-6945},
abstract = {The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19) pandemic affects availability and performance of neurophysiological diagnostic methods, including EEG. Our objective was to outline the current situation regarding EEG-based investigations across Europe. A web-based survey was distributed to centres within the European Reference Network on rare and complex epilepsies (ERN EpiCARE). Responses were collected between April 9 and May 15, 2020. Results were analysed with Microsoft Excel, Python Pandas and SciPy. Representants from 47 EpiCARE centres from 22 countries completed the survey. At the time of completing the survey, inpatient video-EEGs had been stopped or restricted in most centres (61.7% vs. 36.2% for adults, and 38.3% vs. 53.2% for children). Invasive investigations and epilepsy surgery were similarly affected. Acute EEGs continued to be performed, while indications for outpatient EEGs were limited and COVID-19 triage put in place. The strictness of measures varied according to extent of the outbreak in a given country. The results indicate a profound impact of COVID-19 on neurophysiological diagnostics, especially inpatient video-EEGs, invasive investigations, and epilepsy surgery. The COVID-19 pandemic may hamper care for patients in need of EEG-based investigations, particularly patients with seizure disorders. ERN EpiCARE will work on recommendations on how to rapidly adapt to such situations in order to alleviate consequences for our patients.},
}
@article {pmid33095083,
year = {2020},
author = {Bansal, P and Goyal, A and Cusick, A and Lahan, S and Dhaliwal, HS and Bhyan, P and Bhattad, PB and Aslam, F and Ranka, S and Dalia, T and Chhabra, L and Sanghavi, D and Sonani, B and M Davis, J},
title = {Hydroxychloroquine: A comprehensive review and its controversial role in coronavirus disease 2019.},
journal = {Annals of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-35},
doi = {10.1080/07853890.2020.1839959},
pmid = {33095083},
issn = {1365-2060},
abstract = {Hydroxychloroquine, initially used as an antimalarial, is used as an immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory agent for the management of autoimmune and rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus. Lately, there has been interest in its potential efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, with several speculated mechanisms.The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the mechanisms surrounding hydroxychloroquine. The review is an in-depth analysis of the antimalarial, immunomodulatory, and antiviral mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine, with detailed and novel pictorial explanations. The mechanisms of hydroxychloroquine are related to potential cardiotoxic manifestations and demonstrate potential adverse effects when used for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Finally, current literature associated with hydroxychloroquine and COVID-19 has been analyzed to interrelate the mechanisms, adverse effects, and use of hydroxychloroquine in the current pandemic.Currently, there is insufficient evidence about the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19. Key Messages HCQ, initially an antimalarial agent, is used as an immunomodulatory agent for managing several autoimmune diseases, for which its efficacy is linked to inhibiting lysosomal antigen processing, MHC-II antigen presentation, and TLR functions. HCQ is generally well-tolerated although severe life-threatening adverse effects including cardiomyopathy and conduction defects have been reported. HCQ use in COVID-19 should be discouraged outside clinical trials under strict medical supervision.},
}
@article {pmid33095058,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Retraction: Mental health burden for the public affected by the COVID-19 outbreak in China: Who will be the high-risk group?.},
journal = {Psychology, health &amp; medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1},
doi = {10.1080/13548506.2020.1833631},
pmid = {33095058},
issn = {1465-3966},
}
@article {pmid33095007,
year = {2020},
author = {Chowdhury, SM and Talukder, SA and Khan, AM and Afrin, N and Ali, MA and Islam, R and Parves, R and Al Mamun, A and Sufian, MA and Hossain, MN and Hossain, MA and Halim, MA},
title = {Antiviral Peptides as Promising Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {The journal of physical chemistry. B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c05621},
pmid = {33095007},
issn = {1520-5207},
abstract = {Over 50 peptides, which were known to inhibit SARS-CoV-1, were computationally screened against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Based on the binding affinity and interaction, 15 peptides were selected, which showed higher affinity compared to the α-helix of the human ACE2 receptor. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that two peptides, S2P25 and S2P26, were the most promising candidates, which could potentially block the entry of SARS-CoV-2. Tyr489 and Tyr505 residues present in the &quot;finger-like&quot; projections of the RBD were found to be critical for peptide interaction. Hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions played important roles in prompting peptide-protein binding and interaction. Structure-activity relationship indicated that peptides containing aromatic (Tyr and Phe), nonpolar (Pro, Gly, Leu, and Ala), and polar (Asn, Gln, and Cys) residues were the most significant contributors. These findings can facilitate the rational design of selective peptide inhibitors targeting the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33094998,
year = {2020},
author = {Bravo, MF and Lema, MA and Marianski, M and Braunschweig, AB},
title = {Flexible Synthetic Carbohydrate Receptors as Inhibitors of Viral Attachment.},
journal = {Biochemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00732},
pmid = {33094998},
issn = {1520-4995},
abstract = {Carbohydrate-receptor interactions are often involved in the docking of viruses to host cells, and this docking is a necessary step in the virus life cycle that precedes infection and, ultimately, replication. Despite the conserved structures of the glycans involved in docking, they are still considered &quot;undruggable&quot;, meaning these glycans are beyond the scope of conventional pharmacological strategies. Recent advances in the development of synthetic carbohydrate receptors (SCRs), small molecules that bind carbohydrates, could bring carbohydrate-receptor interactions within the purview of druggable targets. Here we discuss the role of carbohydrate-receptor interactions in viral infection, the evolution of SCRs, and recent results demonstrating their ability to prevent viral infections in vitro. Common SCR design strategies based on boronic ester formation, metal chelation, and noncovalent interactions are discussed. The benefits of incorporating the idiosyncrasies of natural glycan-binding proteins-including flexibility, cooperativity, and multivalency-into SCR design to achieve nonglucosidic specificity are shown. These studies into SCR design and binding could lead to new strategies for mitigating the grave threat to human health posed by enveloped viruses, which are heavily glycosylated viroids that are the cause of some of the most pressing and untreatable diseases, including HIV, Dengue, Zika, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33094986,
year = {2020},
author = {Matthews, LJ and OʼConnor, M and Chaggar, RS and Vaughan, D},
title = {Airway Alert Bracelets: Enhancing Safety in the COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {131},
number = {5},
pages = {e237-e238},
doi = {10.1213/ANE.0000000000005165},
pmid = {33094986},
issn = {1526-7598},
}
@article {pmid33094983,
year = {2020},
author = {Anile, A and Castiglione, G and Zangara, C and Calabrò, C and Vaccaro, M and Sorbello, M},
title = {COVID-19: The New Ultrasound Alphabet in SARS-CoV-2 Era.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {131},
number = {5},
pages = {e232-e234},
doi = {10.1213/ANE.0000000000005142},
pmid = {33094983},
issn = {1526-7598},
}
@article {pmid33094936,
year = {2020},
author = {Antkowiak, PS and Cocchi, MN and Chiu, DT and Sanchez, LD},
title = {Who should we treat: elective surgical admissions or patients with COVID-19?.},
journal = {The American journal of managed care},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {423-424},
doi = {10.37765/ajmc.2020.88445},
pmid = {33094936},
issn = {1936-2692},
abstract = {In the midst of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, health care leaders must work to optimize emergency department and hospital efficiency while maintaining patient access to care.},
}
@article {pmid33094935,
year = {2020},
author = {Patel, KK and Inserro, A},
title = {Could COVID-19 become a policy tipping point? a Q&amp;A with Kavita K. Patel, MD, MS.},
journal = {The American journal of managed care},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {421-422},
doi = {10.37765/ajmc.2020.88499},
pmid = {33094935},
issn = {1936-2692},
abstract = {To mark the 25th anniversary of the journal, each issue in 2020 will include an interview with a health care thought leader. The October issue features a conversation with Kavita K. Patel, MD, MS, nonresident fellow at The Brookings Institution and editorial board member of AJMC®.},
}
@article {pmid33094929,
year = {2020},
author = {Severino, P and D'Amato, A and Saglietto, A and D'Ascenzo, F and Marini, C and Schiavone, M and Ghionzoli, N and Pirrotta, F and Troiano, F and Cannillo, M and Mennuni, M and Rognoni, A and Rametta, F and Galluzzo, A and Agnes, G and Infusino, F and Pucci, M and Lavalle, C and Cacciotti, L and Mather, PJ and Grosso Marra, W and Ugo, F and Forleo, G and Viecca, M and Morici, N and Patti, G and De Ferrari, GM and Palazzuoli, A and Mancone, M and Fedele, F},
title = {Reduction in heart failure hospitalization rate during coronavirus disease 19 pandemic outbreak.},
journal = {ESC heart failure},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ehf2.13043},
pmid = {33094929},
issn = {2055-5822},
abstract = {AIMS: The recent coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak forced the adoption of restraint measures, which modified the hospital admission patterns for several diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the rate of hospital admissions for heart failure (HF) during the early days of the COVID-19 outbreak in Italy, compared with a corresponding period during the previous year and an earlier period during the same year.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed a retrospective analysis on HF admissions number at eight hospitals in Italy throughout the study period (21 February to 31 March 2020), compared with an inter-year period (21 February to 31 March 2019) and an intra-year period (1 January to 20 February 2020). The primary outcome was the overall rate of hospital admissions for HF. A total of 505 HF patients were included in this survey: 112 during the case period, 201 during intra-year period, and 192 during inter-year period. The mean admission rate during the case period was 2.80 admissions per day, significantly lower compared with intra-year period (3.94 admissions per day; incidence rate ratio, 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.89; P = 0.0037), or with inter-year (4.92 admissions per day; incidence rate ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.72; P < 0.001). Patients admitted during study period were less frequently admitted in New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II compared with inter-year period (P = 0.019). At covariance analysis NYHA class was significantly lower in patients admitted during inter-year control period, compared with patients admitted during case period (P = 0.014).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Admissions for HF were significantly reduced during the lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy.},
}
@article {pmid33094906,
year = {2020},
author = {Nabavi Nouri, S and Cohen, YA and Madhavan, MV and Slomka, PJ and Iskandrian, AE and Einstein, AJ},
title = {Preprint manuscripts and servers in the era of coronavirus disease 2019.},
journal = {Journal of evaluation in clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jep.13498},
pmid = {33094906},
issn = {1365-2753},
abstract = {To both examine the impact of preprint publishing on health sciences research and survey popular preprint servers amidst the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: The authors queried three biomedical databases (MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) and two preprint servers (MedRxiv and SSRN) to identify literature pertaining to preprints. Additionally, they evaluated 12 preprint servers featuring COVID-19 research through sample submission of six manuscripts.<br><br>RESULTS: The realm of health sciences research has seen a dramatic increase in the presence and importance of preprint publications. By posting manuscripts on preprint servers, researchers are able to immediately communicate their findings, thereby facilitating prompt feedback and promoting collaboration. In doing so, they may also reduce publication bias and improve methodological transparency. However, by circumventing the peer-review process, academia incurs the risk of disseminating erroneous or misinterpreted data and suffering the downstream consequences. Never have these issues been better highlighted than during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers have flooded the literature with preprint publications as stopgaps to meet the desperate need for knowledge about the disease. These unreviewed articles initially outnumbered those published in conventional journals and helped steer the mainstream scientific community at the start of the pandemic. In surveying select preprint servers, the authors discovered varying usability, review practices, and acceptance polices.<br><br>CONCLUSION: While vital in the rapid dispensation of science, preprint manuscripts promulgate their conclusions without peer review and possess the capacity to misinform. Undoubtedly part of the future of science, conscientious consumers will need to appreciate not only their utility, but also their limitations.},
}
@article {pmid33094891,
year = {2020},
author = {Masih, A and Agnihotri, AK and Srivastava, JK and Pandey, N and Bhat, HR and Singh, UP},
title = {Discovery of novel pyrazole derivatives as a potent anti-inflammatory agent in RAW264.7 cells via inhibition of NF-ĸB for possible benefit against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e22656},
doi = {10.1002/jbt.22656},
pmid = {33094891},
issn = {1099-0461},
abstract = {Due to unavailability of a specific drug/vaccine to attenuate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the current strategy to combat the infection has been largely dependent upon the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to control cytokines storm responsible for respiratory depression. Thus, in this study, we discovered novel pyrazole analogs as a potent nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ĸB) inhibitor. The compounds were assessed for NF-ĸB transcriptional inhibitory activity in RAW264.7 cells after stimulation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), revealing Compound 6c as the most potent analog among the tested series. The effect of Compound 6c was further investigated on the levels of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW267.4 cells by enzyme immunoassay, where it causes a significant reduction in the level of these cytokines. In Western blot analysis, Compound 6c also causes the inhibition of inhibitor kappa B-α and NF-κB. It was found to be snugly fitted into the inner grove of the active site of NF-ĸB by forming H-bonds and a nonbonded interaction with Asn28 in a docking analysis.},
}
@article {pmid33094848,
year = {2020},
author = {Mechanick, JI and Carbone, S and Dickerson, RN and Hernandez, BJD and Hurt, RT and Irving, SY and Li, DY and McCarthy, MS and Mogensen, KM and Gautier, JBO and Patel, JJ and Prewitt, TE and Rosenthal, M and Warren, M and Winkler, MF and McKeever, L},
title = {Clinical Nutrition Research and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the ASPEN COVID-19 Nutrition Taskforce.},
journal = {JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jpen.2036},
pmid = {33094848},
issn = {1941-2444},
abstract = {The purpose of this scoping review by the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN) COVID-19 Nutrition Taskforce was to examine nutrition research applicable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The rapid pace of emerging scientific information and need for expeditious translation into clinical nutritional care prompted this activity to discover research/knowledge gaps. This methodology adhered with recommendations from the Joanna Briggs Institute. There were 2301 citations imported, 439 articles fully abstracted, with 23 main topic areas identified across 24 article types, sourced across 61 countries and 51 specialties, in eight settings, and amongst 14 populations. Epidemiological/mechanistic relationships between nutrition and COVID-19 were reviewed, important topics catalogued, and results mapped to &quot;Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome, and Time&quot; (PICO-T) questions. The aggregated data was analyzed by clinical stage: pre-COVID-19, acute COVID-19, and chronic/post-COVID-19. Research gaps were discovered for all PICO-T questions. Important nutrition topics meriting urgent research included: food insecurity/societal infrastructure and transcultural factors (Pre-COVID-19); cardiometabolic-based chronic disease, pediatrics, nutrition support, and hospital infrastructure (Acute COVID-19); registered dietitian nutritionist counseling (Chronic/Post-COVID-19); and malnutrition and management (All Stages). The paucity of randomized, control trials (RCTs) was particularly glaring. Knowledge gaps were discovered for PICO-T questions on pediatrics, micronutrients, bariatric surgery, and transcultural factors (Pre-COVID-19); enteral nutrition, protein-energy requirements, and glycemic control with nutrition (Acute COVID-19); and home enteral and parenteral nutrition support (Chronic/Post-COVID-19). In conclusion, this ASPEN scoping review has identified multiple critical areas for urgent nutrition research, particularly using RCT design, to improve nutritional care for patients before, during, and after COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33094833,
year = {2020},
author = {Hanege, FM and Kocoglu, E and Kalcioglu, MT and Celik, S and Cag, Y and Esen, F and Bayindir, E and Pence, S and Alp Mese, E and Agalar, C},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 presence in the saliva, tears and cerumen of COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {The Laryngoscope},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/lary.29218},
pmid = {33094833},
issn = {1531-4995},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The emergence of a new coronavirus strain (SARS-CoV-2) in December 2019 from China led to a global pandemic. The lack of herd immunity against this virus and the possibility of viral spread from asymptomatic individuals is still a major challenge for the prevention of viral transmission. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of the virus in different bodily secretions as a potential source of viral spread among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>METHODS: The study included 38 COVID-19 patients with a positive real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test result for SARS-CoV-2, obtained from the combined nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal swab samples. Saliva, tear and cerumen samples were taken from the patients within 72 hours of the first RT-PCR test. SARS-CoV-2 N1 and N2 gene regions were studied with single-step RT-PCR in all samples.<br><br>RESULTS: Among the studied samples, the highest positivity rate was in saliva (76.3%) followed by tears (55.3%) and cerumen (39.5%). Viral load in saliva was also significantly higher compared to tears and cerumen (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference between tears and cerumen. Higher viral load in combined nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal swab samples was associated with higher viral load in tears, but not in saliva or cerumen. Half of the saliva, tear and cerumen samples obtained from asymptomatic patients contained SARS-CoV-2 genome.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The virus was detected in the saliva, tears and cerumen samples of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The potential role of these bodily fluids on viral spread needs to be studied.},
}
@article {pmid33094823,
year = {2020},
author = {Claytor, B},
title = {Commentary on: Evaluating Postoperative Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Elective Procedures in an Ambulatory Surgery Center During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Aesthetic surgery journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/asj/sjaa243},
pmid = {33094823},
issn = {1527-330X},
}
@article {pmid33094815,
year = {2020},
author = {Norton, EJ and Georgiou, I and Fung, A and Nazari, A and Bandyopadhyay, S and Saunders, KEA},
title = {Personal protective equipment and infection prevention and control: a national survey of UK medical students and interim foundation doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa187},
pmid = {33094815},
issn = {1741-3850},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The adequacy of personal protective equipment (PPE) and infection prevention and control (IPC) training in UK medical students and interim Foundation Year 1 (FiY1) doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic is unknown, as is its impact on COVID-19-related anxiety.<br><br>METHODS: Cross-sectional, multi-centre study analysing self-reported adequacy of PPE and IPC training and correlation to a modified pandemic anxiety scale. Participants were current medical students and FiY1 doctors in the UK. Data were collected by an online survey.<br><br>RESULTS: Participants reported that they received insufficient PPE information (43%) and IPC training (56%). Significantly, fewer participants identifying as women or BAME/mixed ethnicity reported receiving sufficient PPE information, compared with those identifying as men and White British/White Other, respectively. COVID-19-related anxiety was significantly higher in those without sufficient reported PPE or IPC training, in women compared with men, and in FiY1 doctors compared with medical students.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: With medical students currently volunteering in and imminently returning to hospitals in an educational capacity, levels of self-reported PPE and IPC training are sub-optimal. Better training is paramount to avoid harm to patients and healthcare professionals and to reduce COVID-19-related anxiety among medical students and FiY1 doctors.},
}
@article {pmid33094719,
year = {2020},
author = {Adlhoch, C and Pebody, R},
title = {What to expect for the influenza season 2020/21 with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in the World Health Organization European Region.},
journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin},
volume = {25},
number = {42},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.2001816},
pmid = {33094719},
issn = {1560-7917},
}
@article {pmid33094717,
year = {2020},
author = {Lumley, SF and Eyre, DW and McNaughton, AL and Howarth, A and Hoosdally, S and Hatch, SB and Kavanagh, J and Chau, KK and Downs, LO and Cox, S and Dunn, L and Justice, A and Wareing, S and Dingle, K and Rudkin, J and Auckland, K and Fyfe, A and Bolton, J and Paton, R and Mentzer, AJ and Jeffery, K and Andersson, MI and James, T and Peto, TEA and Marsden, BD and Screaton, G and Cornall, RJ and Klenerman, P and Ebner, D and Stuart, DI and Crook, DW and Stoesser, N and Kennedy, SH and Thompson, C and Gupta, S and Matthews, PC},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence, titres and neutralising activity in an antenatal cohort, United Kingdom, 14 April to 15 June 2020.},
journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin},
volume = {25},
number = {42},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.41.2001721},
pmid = {33094717},
issn = {1560-7917},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 IgG screening of 1,000 antenatal serum samples in the Oxford area, United Kingdom, between 14 April and 15 June 2020, yielded a 5.3% seroprevalence, mirroring contemporaneous regional data. Among the 53 positive samples, 39 showed in vitro neutralisation activity, correlating with IgG titre (Pearson's correlation p<0.0001). While SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in pregnancy cohorts could potentially inform population surveillance, clinical correlates of infection and immunity in pregnancy, and antenatal epidemiology evolution over time need further study.},
}
@article {pmid33094715,
year = {2020},
author = {Murphy, N and Boland, M and Bambury, N and Fitzgerald, M and Comerford, L and Dever, N and O'Sullivan, MB and Petty-Saphon, N and Kiernan, R and Jensen, M and O'Connor, L},
title = {A large national outbreak of COVID-19 linked to air travel, Ireland, summer 2020.},
journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin},
volume = {25},
number = {42},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.2001624},
pmid = {33094715},
issn = {1560-7917},
abstract = {An outbreak of 59 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) originated with 13 cases linked by a 7 h, 17% occupancy flight into Ireland, summer 2020. The flight-associated attack rate was 9.8-17.8%. Spread to 46 non-flight cases occurred country-wide. Asymptomatic/pre-symptomatic transmission in-flight from a point source is implicated by 99% homology across the virus genome in five cases travelling from three different continents. Restriction of movement on arrival and robust contact tracing can limit propagation post-flight.},
}
@article {pmid33094713,
year = {2020},
author = {Thompson, CP and Grayson, NE and Paton, RS and Bolton, JS and Lourenço, J and Penman, BS and Lee, LN and Odon, V and Mongkolsapaya, J and Chinnakannan, S and Dejnirattisai, W and Edmans, M and Fyfe, A and Imlach, C and Kooblall, K and Lim, N and Liu, C and López-Camacho, C and McInally, C and McNaughton, AL and Ramamurthy, N and Ratcliff, J and Supasa, P and Sampson, O and Wang, B and Mentzer, AJ and Turner, M and Semple, MG and Baillie, K and , and Harvala, H and Screaton, GR and Temperton, N and Klenerman, P and Jarvis, LM and Gupta, S and Simmonds, P},
title = {Detection of neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 to determine population exposure in Scottish blood donors between March and May 2020.},
journal = {Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin},
volume = {25},
number = {42},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.42.2000685},
pmid = {33094713},
issn = {1560-7917},
abstract = {BackgroundThe progression and geographical distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere is unknown because typically only symptomatic individuals are diagnosed. We performed a serological study of blood donors in Scotland in the spring of 2020 to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 as a marker of past infection and epidemic progression.AimOur objective was to determine if sera from blood bank donors can be used to track the emergence and progression of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.MethodsA pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay was used to detect neutralising antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. The study comprised samples from 3,500 blood donors collected in Scotland between 17 March and 18 May 2020. Controls were collected from 100 donors in Scotland during 2019.ResultsAll samples collected on 17 March 2020 (n = 500) were negative in the pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 virus microneutralisation assay. Neutralising antibodies were detected in six of 500 donors from 23 to 26 March. The number of samples containing neutralising antibodies did not significantly rise after 5-6 April until the end of the study on 18 May. We found that infections were concentrated in certain postcodes, indicating that outbreaks of infection were extremely localised. In contrast, other areas remained comparatively untouched by the epidemic.ConclusionAlthough blood donors are not representative of the overall population, we demonstrated that serosurveys of blood banks can serve as a useful tool for tracking the emergence and progression of an epidemic such as the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak.},
}
@article {pmid33094710,
year = {2020},
author = {Paulino-Ramirez, R and Báez, AA and Vallejo Degaudenzi, A and Tapia, L},
title = {Seroprevalence of Specific Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 from Hotspot Communities in the Dominican Republic.},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.20-0907},
pmid = {33094710},
issn = {1476-1645},
abstract = {Seroprevalence surveys are of utmost importance to assess the proportion of a population that has developed antibodies against a newly introduced virus and could therefore potentially exhibit immunologic protection against subsequent infection. This study aims to understand the distribution of IgM and IgG antibodies in the Dominican Republic. We surveyed a total of 12,897 participants between April and June 2020 in 10 provinces of the Dominican Republic. Survey efforts in emerging hotspots yielded a positivity for all participants of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM of 3.8% and IgG of 5.4%, indicating that the pathogen was in circulation before the identification of those particular communities as hotspots. We found important age differences between participants who participated in the serological study where a higher mean age is associated IgM positivity and a lower age with IgG positivity. Our results highlight the need for strategies that involve community-based seroprevalence monitoring. These should preclude syndromic case identification. Also, the higher mean age of IgM-positive participants suggests that strategies based on syndromic surveillance could identify hotspots at later phases, based on the number of cases detected at the healthcare center, as such community-based seroprevalence monitoring may be an effective intervention for future outbreaks.},
}
@article {pmid33094705,
year = {2020},
author = {Elzupir, AO},
title = {Caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals as promising inhibitors for 3-chymotrypsin-like protease of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1835732},
pmid = {33094705},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {In December 2019, a new coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the outbreak of a pulmonary disease called COVID-19, which killed thousands of people worldwide. Therefore, the necessity to find out the potential therapeutic pharmaceuticals is imperious. This study investigates the inhibitory effect of SARS-CoV-2 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) using caffeine and caffeine-containing pharmaceuticals (3CPs) based on molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations by means of molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) and molecular mechanics-generalized-Born surface area (MMGBSA). Of these 3CPs, seven drugs approved by the US-Food and Drug Administration have shown a good binding affinity to the catalytic residues of 3CLpro of His41 and Cys145: caffeine, theophylline, dyphylline, pentoxifylline, linagliptin, bromotheophylline and istradefylline. Their binding affinity score ranged from -4.9 to -8.6 kcal/mol. The molecular dynamic simulation in an aqueous solution of docked complexes demonstrated that the 3CPs conformations bound to the active sites of 3CLpro during 200 ns molecular dynamics simulations. The free energy of binding also confirms the stability of the 3CPs-3CLpro complexes. To our knowledge, this in silico study shows for the first time very inexpensive drugs available in large quantities that can be potential inhibitors against 3CLpro. In particular, the repurposing of linagliptin, and caffeine are recommended for COVID-19 treatment after in vitro, in vivo and clinical trial validation. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid33094701,
year = {2020},
author = {Ghosh, R and Chakraborty, A and Biswas, A and Chowdhuri, S},
title = {Potential therapeutic use of corticosteroids as SARS CoV-2 main protease inhibitors: a computational study.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1835728},
pmid = {33094701},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS CoV-2), represents a pandemic threat to global public health. To date, ∼530,000 people died of this disease worldwide. Presently, researchers/clinicians are adopting the drug repurposing strategy to combat this disease. It has also been observed that some repurposed anti-viral drugs may serve as potent inhibitors of SARS CoV-2 Mpro, a key component of viral replication. Apart from these anti-viral drugs, recently dexamethasone (an important corticosteroid) is effectively used to treat COVID-19 patients. However, the mechanism behind the mode of its action is not so clear. Additionally, the effect of other well-known corticosteroids to control this disease by inhibiting the proteolytic activity of Mpro is ambiguous. In this study, we have adopted computational approaches to understand these aspects. Six well-known corticosteroids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, betamethasone and dexamethasone) and two repurposed drugs (darunavir and lopinavir) against COVID-19 were subjected for molecular docking studies. Two of them (betamethasone and dexamethasone) were selected by comparing their binding affinities with selected repurposed drugs toward Mpro. Betamethasone and dexamethasone interacted with both the catalytic residues of Mpro (His41 and Cys145). Molecular dynamics studies further revealed that these two Mpro-corticosteroid complexes are more stable, experience less conformational fluctuations and more compact than Mpro-darunavir/lopinavir complexes. These findings were additionally validated by MM-GBSA analysis. This study provides corroboration for execution of anti-COVID-19 activity of dexamethasone. Our study also emphasizes on the use of another important corticosteroid (betamethasone) as potential therapeutic agent for COVID-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid33094700,
year = {2020},
author = {Irmak, E},
title = {Implementation of Convolutional Neural Network Approach for COVID-19 Disease Detection.},
journal = {Physiological genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/physiolgenomics.00084.2020},
pmid = {33094700},
issn = {1531-2267},
abstract = {In this paper two novel, powerful and robust Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architectures are designed and proposed for two different classification tasks using publicly available datasets. The first architecture is able to decide whether a given chest X-ray image of a patient contains COVID-19 or not with 98.92% average accuracy. The second CNN architecture is able to divide a given chest X-ray image of a patient into three classes (COVID-19 vs. Normal vs. Pneumonia) with 98.27% average accuracy. The hyper-parameters of the both CNN models are automatically determined using Grid Search. Experimental results on large clinical datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed architectures and demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can overcome disadvantages mentioned above. Moreover, the proposed CNN models are fully-automatic in terms of not requiring the extraction of diseased tissue; which is a great improvement of available automatic methods in the literature. To the best of author's knowledge, this study is the first study to detect COVID-19 disease from given chest X-ray images, using CNN whose hyper parameters are automatically determined by the Grid Search. Another important contribution of this study is that it is the first CNN based COVID-19 chest X-ray image classification study which uses the largest possible clinical dataset. A total of 1524 COVID-19, 1527 pneumonia and 1524 normal X-ray images are collected. It is aimed to collect the largest number of COVID-19 X-ray images that exist in the literature until the writing of this research paper.},
}
@article {pmid33094698,
year = {2020},
author = {Bentley, T and Green, N and Tappin, D and Haslam, R},
title = {State of Science: The future of work - Ergonomics and Human Factors contributions to the field.},
journal = {Ergonomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-33},
doi = {10.1080/00140139.2020.1841308},
pmid = {33094698},
issn = {1366-5847},
abstract = {This paper is concerned with scholarly ergonomics and human factors (E/HF) contributions to date to the field of research inquiry known as the 'future of work'. The review considers E/HF perspectives on how the nature of work is changing and what this means for the practice of E/HF and for human performance and wellbeing at work. This field of research has attracted much attention from scholars from various disciplines as flexible working arrangements and casualised employment, in particular, have come under the microscope during the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper begins by setting out the future of work field, focusing on the mega trends and future of work forces that are most relevant to the discipline. Next, E/HF contributions to this field are identified and discussed. Surprisingly, given the E/HF tradition as a systems discipline fundamentally concerned with the study of human work, and as a contributor to transdisciplinary research related to the design of work systems, a search of the scholarly literature found few contributions outside of the automation systems field that addressed the future of work and E/HF directly. A research agenda is presented to address gaps in current knowledge in a number of key future of work domains. Practitioners summary: We reflect on E/HF contributions to the 'future of work' field and how the practice of E/HF needs to consider the changing nature of work. We outline future of work concerns and suggest research areas for further E/HF attention towards the design of decent and sustainable work for all.},
}
@article {pmid33094680,
year = {2020},
author = {Mandour, YM and Zlotos, DP and Alaraby Salem, M},
title = {A multi-stage virtual screening of FDA-approved drugs reveals potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 main protease.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1837680},
pmid = {33094680},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing global health emergency. Repurposing of approved pharmaceutical drugs for COVID-19 treatment represents an attractive approach to quickly identify promising drug candidates. SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is responsible for the maturation of viral functional proteins making it a key antiviral target. Based on the recently revealed crystal structures of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, we herein describe a multi-stage virtual screening protocol including pharmacophore screening, molecular docking and protein-ligand interaction fingerprints (PLIF) post-docking filtration for efficient enrichment of potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. Potential hits, along with a cocrystallized control were further studied via molecular dynamics. A 150-ns production trajectory was followed by RMSD, free energy calculation, and H-bond analysis for each compound. The applied virtual screening protocol led to identification of five FDA-approved drugs with promising binding modes to key subsites of the substrate-binding pocket of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The identified compounds belong to different pharmaceutical classes, including several protease inhibitors, antineoplastic agents and a natural flavonoid. The drug candidates discovered in this study present a potential extension of the recently reported SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors that have been identified using other virtual screening protocols and may be repurposed for COVID-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid33094669,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhou, Z and Price, CC},
title = {Overview on the use of IL-6 agents in the treatment of patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and pneumonitis related to COVID-19 disease.},
journal = {Expert opinion on investigational drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/13543784.2020.1840549},
pmid = {33094669},
issn = {1744-7658},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: A novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) has caused significant life loss and healthcare burden around the world. COVID-19 is known to cause a cytokine release syndrome (CRS) like response, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) is one of the cytokines involved. Clinicians are using IL-6 inhibitors to CRS, and researchers are investigating the use of IL-6 inhibitors, namely tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, in COVID-19 management.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: In this article, we will discuss the pharmacology of these three inhibitors and summarize available clinical data via literature search on PubMed with keywords of tocilizumab, sarilumab, siltuximab, and COVID-19. While awaiting more data from randomized clinical trials on these drugs, observational studies and clinical reports have demonstrated IL-6 inhibitors showed some benefits in improving clinical outcome and a well-tolerated safety profile.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: There is a role for suppressing the immune response with IL-6 inhibitors that will continue to require investigation. These agents are available and have demonstrated a mild safety profile. There may be advantages to a targeted approach to suppressing the hyperinflammatory state of the disease. Timing, the long-term effects, and what cocktail of medications demonstrates the strongest outcomes are all important considerations as IL-6 inhibitors continue to be evaluated in this global pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33094594,
year = {2020},
author = {Merola, E and Pravadelli, C and de Pretis, G},
title = {Prevalence of liver injury in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) : a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica},
volume = {83},
number = {3},
pages = {454-460},
pmid = {33094594},
issn = {1784-3227},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a public health emergency of international concern, causing thousands of deaths worldwide. We performed a systematic review with meta-analysis in order to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19-induced liver injury.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, for studies reporting laboratory data about COVID-19 patients, with last update on 25th March 2020. The primary outcome was the pooled prevalence of COVID- 19-induced liver damage, mainly represented by increase in serum transaminases and bilirubin. The secondary outcome was the description of abnormalities in serum albumin and prothrombin time (PT). We focused on laboratory data only on hospital admission, and adopted random-effects model for meta-analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven studies were eligible for meta-analysis. Out of 793 included patients, the pooled prevalence of COVID-19-related liver damage was 22.17% (95% CI 17.64 to 27.07), mostly indicated by hypertransaminasemia. Serum bilirubin was increased in 5.53% (95% CI 3.60 to 7.85) of cases. Abnormal serum albumin was observed in 78.92% (95% CI 39.82 to 99.56), and increased PT value in 19.98% (95% CI 2.49 to 78.23), but these results derived from significantly heterogeneous studies.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19-induced liver injury must not be ignored, as it is observed in one fifth of infected patients. Pro- spective studies evaluating liver function during the course of COVID-19 are needed to provide a complete overview of hepatic involvement during this viral infection.},
}
@article {pmid33094581,
year = {2020},
author = {Lanthier, N and Vanuytsel, T},
title = {The changing landscape of hepatology and gastroenterology.},
journal = {Acta gastro-enterologica Belgica},
volume = {83},
number = {3},
pages = {371-372},
pmid = {33094581},
issn = {1784-3227},
}
@article {pmid33094579,
year = {2020},
author = {Gill, SM and Hassan, A and Bashir, H},
title = {Unforeseen COVID-19 on Oncologic Bone Scan with SPECT/CT in a High Prevalence Area.},
journal = {Molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy},
volume = {29},
number = {3},
pages = {139-142},
doi = {10.4274/mirt.galenos.2020.76059},
pmid = {33094579},
issn = {2146-1414},
abstract = {A 65-year-old woman with known diabetes and hypertension underwent a technetium methylene diphosphonate (Tc-99m MDP) bone scan with single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) for shoulder pain. She was initially treated for breast cancer and later for hepatocellular carcinoma. SPECT/CT showed MDP nonavid and scattered pulmonary ground-glass opacities bilaterally along with rounded nodular densities. Another 56-year-old patient who was newly diagnosed with right breast invasive ductal carcinoma underwent a bone scan with SPECT/CT, which revealed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Both patients later tested positive for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Therefore, nuclear physicians should be watchful of findings related to COVID-19 on SPECT/CT thorax as this is becoming the new normal.},
}
@article {pmid33094570,
year = {2020},
author = {Bryndza, MA and Litwinowicz, R and Bartuś, S and Nosal, M and Godlewski, J and Orzechowska, A and Wiśniewski, A and Korpak-Wysocka, R and Rzeszutko, Ł and Kocik, P and Matysek, J and Klecha, A and Wiśniowski, Ł and Blicharz, J and Maliszewski, M and Filip, G and Kapelak, B and Bartuś, K and Legutko, J},
title = {Incidence of mechanical complications following myocardial infarction during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Southern Poland region: a multicenter study.},
journal = {Kardiologia polska},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.33963/KP.15653},
pmid = {33094570},
issn = {1897-4279},
}
@article {pmid33094537,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, Z and Zhao, Y and Zhou, Y and Wang, X and Zhang, T and Zuo, W},
title = {Single-cell analysis identified lung progenitor cells in COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Cell proliferation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12931},
doi = {10.1111/cpr.12931},
pmid = {33094537},
issn = {1365-2184},
support = {2017YFA0104600//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; 81770073//National Science Foundation of China/ ; 19QB1403100//Shanghai Science and Technology Talents Program/ ; //Tongji University/ ; //Guangzhou Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The high mortality of severe 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases is mainly caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar epithelial barriers, pulmonary oedema and consequently inflammatory tissue damage. Some but not all patients showed full functional recovery after the devastating lung damage, and so far there is little knowledge about the lung repair process. We focused on crucial roles of lung progenitor cells in alveolar cell regeneration and epithelial barrier re-establishment and aimed to uncover a possible mechanism of lung repair after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of COVID-19 patients was analysed by single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). Transplantation of a single KRT5+ cell-derived cell population into damaged mouse lung and time-course scRNA-seq analysis was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: In severe (or critical) COVID-19 patients, there is a remarkable expansion of TM4SF1+ and KRT5+ lung progenitor cells. The two distinct populations of progenitor cells could play crucial roles in alveolar cell regeneration and epithelial barrier re-establishment, respectively. The transplanted KRT5+ progenitors could long-term engraft into host lung and differentiate into HOPX+ OCLN+ alveolar barrier cell which restored the epithelial barrier and efficiently prevented inflammatory cell infiltration.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This work uncovered the mechanism by which various lung progenitor cells work in concert to prevent and replenish alveoli loss post-severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid33094533,
year = {2020},
author = {Chávarri-Guerra, Y and Ramos-López, WA and Covarrubias-Gómez, A and Sánchez-Román, S and Quiroz-Friedman, P and Alcocer-Castillejos, N and Del Pilar Milke-García, M and Carrillo-Soto, M and Morales-Alfaro, A and Medina-Palma, M and Aguilar-Velazco, JC and Morales-Barba, K and Razcon-Echegaray, A and Maldonado, J and Soto-Pérez-de-Celis, E},
title = {Providing Supportive and Palliative Care Using Telemedicine for Patients with Advanced Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/onco.13568},
pmid = {33094533},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {COVID-19 has overwhelmed the capacity of health care systems, limiting access to supportive and palliative care for patients with advanced cancer. Telemedicine has emerged as a tool to provide care continuity to patients while limiting the risk of contagion. However, implementing telemedicine in resource-limited settings is challenging. We report the results of a multidisciplinary patient-navigator-led telemedicine supportive care program in Mexico City. One-hundred sixty-three telemedicine interventions were provided to 45 patients (median age 68, 57% female). A quarter of the patients had less than or equal to elementary school education, and 15% lived in a rural area. The most common interventions were psychological care (33%), pain and symptom control (25%), and nutritional counseling (13%). Half of the interventions were provided by video conferencing. The most common patient-reported barrier was limited experience using communication technology (). Our results demonstrate the feasibility of providing supportive and palliative care interventions using telemedicine in resource-limited settings.},
}
@article {pmid33094522,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, L and Zhang, S and He, B and Chen, X and Wang, S and Zhao, Q},
title = {Risk factors and electrocardiogram characteristics for mortality in critical inpatients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/clc.23492},
pmid = {33094522},
issn = {1932-8737},
support = {81670303 and 81970277//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide.<br><br>HYPOTHESIS: The possible risk factors that lead to death in critical inpatients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are not yet fully understood.<br><br>METHODS: In this single-center, retrospective study, we enrolled 113 critical patients with COVID-19 from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University between February 1, 2020 and March 15, 2020. Patients who survived or died were compared.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 113 critical patients with COVID-19 were recruited; 50 (44.3%) died, and 63 (55.7%) recovered. The proportion of patients with ventricular arrhythmia was higher in the death group than in the recovery group (P = .021) and was higher among patients with myocardial damage than patients without myocardial damage (P = .013). Multivariate analysis confirmed independent predictors of mortality from COVID-19: age > 70 years (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.03-3.28), initial neutrophil count over 6.5 × 109 /L (HR 3.43, 95% CI 1.84-6.40), C-reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L (HR 1.93, 95% CI 1.04-3.59), and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.26-6.67). Immunoglobulin treatment (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.21-0.73) can reduce the risk of death. Sinus tachycardia (HR 2.94, 95% CI 1.16-7.46) and ventricular arrhythmia (HR 2.79, 95% CI 1.11-7.04) were independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Old age (>70 years), neutrophilia, C-reactive protein greater than 100 mg/L and lactate dehydrogenase over 300 U/L are high-risk factors for mortality in critical patients with COVID-19. Sinus tachycardia and ventricular arrhythmia are independent ECG risk factors for mortality from COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33094473,
year = {2020},
author = {di Filippo, L and Formenti, AM and Giustina, A},
title = {Hypocalcemia: the quest for the cause of a major biochemical feature of COVID-19.},
journal = {Endocrine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12020-020-02525-9},
pmid = {33094473},
issn = {1559-0100},
}
@article {pmid33094446,
year = {2020},
author = {Pal, A and Squitti, R and Picozza, M and Pawar, A and Rongioletti, M and Dutta, AK and Sahoo, S and Goswami, K and Sharma, P and Prasad, R},
title = {Zinc and COVID-19: Basis of Current Clinical Trials.},
journal = {Biological trace element research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12011-020-02437-9},
pmid = {33094446},
issn = {1559-0720},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten patients, societies, and economic and healthcare systems around the world. Like many other diseases, the host immune system determines the progress of COVID-19 and fatality. Modulation of inflammatory response and cytokine production using immunonutrition is a novel concept that has been applied to other diseases as well. Zinc, one of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant micronutrient found in food with well-established role in immunity, is currently being used in some clinical trials against COVID-19. This review integrates the contemporary studies of role of zinc in antiviral immunity along with discussing its potential role against COVID-19, and ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials using zinc.},
}
@article {pmid33094432,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, H and Wang, L and Lee, EH and Zheng, J and Zhang, W and Halabi, S and Liu, C and Deng, K and Song, J and Yeom, KW},
title = {Decoding COVID-19 pneumonia: comparison of deep learning and radiomics CT image signatures.},
journal = {European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00259-020-05075-4},
pmid = {33094432},
issn = {1619-7089},
support = {2018M630310//Postdoctoral Research Foundation of China/ ; 201908210051//Chinese Government Scholarship/ ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: High-dimensional image features that underlie COVID-19 pneumonia remain opaque. We aim to compare feature engineering and deep learning methods to gain insights into the image features that drive CT-based for COVID-19 pneumonia prediction, and uncover CT image features significant for COVID-19 pneumonia from deep learning and radiomics framework.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 266 patients with COVID-19 and other viral pneumonia with clinical symptoms and CT signs similar to that of COVID-19 during the outbreak were retrospectively collected from three hospitals in China and the USA. All the pneumonia lesions on CT images were manually delineated by four radiologists. One hundred eighty-four patients (n = 93 COVID-19 positive; n = 91 COVID-19 negative; 24,216 pneumonia lesions from 12,001 CT image slices) from two hospitals from China served as discovery cohort for model development. Thirty-two patients (17 COVID-19 positive, 15 COVID-19 negative; 7883 pneumonia lesions from 3799 CT image slices) from a US hospital served as external validation cohort. A bi-directional adversarial network-based framework and PyRadiomics package were used to extract deep learning and radiomics features, respectively. Linear and Lasso classifiers were used to develop models predictive of COVID-19 versus non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia.<br><br>RESULTS: 120-dimensional deep learning image features and 120-dimensional radiomics features were extracted. Linear and Lasso classifiers identified 32 high-dimensional deep learning image features and 4 radiomics features associated with COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Both models achieved sensitivity > 73% and specificity > 75% on external validation cohort with slight superior performance for radiomics Lasso classifier. Human expert diagnostic performance improved (increase by 16.5% and 11.6% in sensitivity and specificity, respectively) when using a combined deep learning-radiomics model.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We uncover specific deep learning and radiomics features to add insight into interpretability of machine learning algorithms and compare deep learning and radiomics models for COVID-19 pneumonia that might serve to augment human diagnostic performance.},
}
@article {pmid33094347,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, J and Li, J and Lai, S and Ruktanonchai, CW and Xing, W and Carioli, A and Wang, P and Ruktanonchai, NW and Li, R and Floyd, JR and Wang, L and Bi, Y and Shi, W and Tatem, AJ},
title = {Uncovering two phases of early intercontinental COVID-19 transmission dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of travel medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jtm/taaa200},
pmid = {33094347},
issn = {1708-8305},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed an ongoing global crisis, but how the virus spread across the world remains poorly understood. This is of vital importance for informing current and future pandemic response strategies.<br><br>METHODS: We performed two independent analyses, travel network-based epidemiological modelling and Bayesian phylogeographic inference, to investigate the intercontinental spread of COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: Both approaches revealed two distinct phases of COVID-19 spread by the end of March 2020. In the first phase, COVID-19 largely circulated in China during mid- to late January, 2020, and was interrupted by containment measures in China. In the second and predominant phase extending from late February to mid-March, unrestricted movements between countries outside of China facilitated intercontinental spread, with Europe as a major source. Phylogenetic analyses also revealed that the dominant strains circulating in the United States of America were introduced from Europe. However, stringent restrictions on international travel across the world since late March have substantially reduced intercontinental transmission.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our analyses highlight that heterogeneities in international travel have shaped the spatiotemporal characteristics of the pandemic. Unrestricted travel caused a large number of COVID-19 exportations from Europe to other continents between late February and mid-March, which facilitated the COVID-19 pandemic. Targeted restrictions on international travel from countries with widespread community transmission, together with improved capacity in testing, genetic sequencing and contact tracing, can inform timely strategies for mitigating and containing COVID-19 outbreaks post-lockdown.},
}
@article {pmid33094343,
year = {2020},
author = {Saeedi Saravi, SS and Barbagallo, M and Reiner, MF and Schmid, HR and Rutishauser, J and Beer, JH},
title = {Acute kidney injury associated with COVID-19: a prognostic factor for pulmonary embolism or co-incidence?.},
journal = {European heart journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa637},
pmid = {33094343},
issn = {1522-9645},
}
@article {pmid33094324,
year = {2020},
author = {da Silva, LCN and Mendonça, JSP and de Oliveira, WF and Batista, KLR and Zagmignan, A and Viana, IFT and Santos Correia, MT},
title = {Exploring lectin-glycan interactions to combat COVID-19: lessons acquired from other enveloped viruses.},
journal = {Glycobiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/glycob/cwaa099},
pmid = {33094324},
issn = {1460-2423},
abstract = {The emergence of a new human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has imposed great pressure on the health system worldwide. The presence of glycoproteins on the viral envelope opens a wide range of possibilities for application of lectins to address some urgent problems involved in this pandemic. In this work, we discuss the potential contributions of lectins from non-mammalian sources in the development of several fields associated with viral infections, most notably COVID-19. We review the literature on the use of non-mammalian lectins as a therapeutic approach against members of the Coronaviridae family, including recent advances in strategies of protein engineering to improve their efficacy. The applications of lectins as adjuvants for antiviral vaccines are also discussed. Finally, we present some emerging strategies employing lectins for the development of biosensors, microarrays, immunoassays and tools for purification of viruses from whole blood. Altogether, the data compiled in this review highlights the importance of structural studies aiming to improve our knowledge about the basis of glycan recognition by lectins and its repercussions in several fields, providing potential solutions for complex aspects that are emerging from different health challenges.},
}
@article {pmid33094320,
year = {2020},
author = {Mostafa, A and Kandil, S and El-Sayed, MH and Girgis, S and Hafez, H and Yosef, M and Saber, S and Ezzelarab, H and Ramadan, M and Afifi, I and Hassan, F and Elsayed, S and Reda, A and Fattuh, D and Mahmoud, A and Mansour, A and Sabry, M and Habeb, P and Ebeid, FS and Saleh, A and Mansour, O and Omar, A and El-Meteini, M},
title = {Universal COVID-19 screening of 4040 health care workers in a resource-limited setting: an Egyptian pilot model in a university with 12 public hospitals and medical centers.},
journal = {International journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ije/dyaa173},
pmid = {33094320},
issn = {1464-3685},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The scale of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among health care workers (HCWs), particularly in resource-limited settings, remains unclear. To address this concern, universal (non-symptom-based) screening of HCWs was piloted to determine the proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the associated epidemiological and clinical risk factors at a large public health care facility in Egypt.<br><br>METHODS: Baseline voluntary screening of 4040 HCWs took place between 22 April and 14 May 2020 at 12 hospitals and medical centres in Cairo. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected using an online survey. All participants were tested for SARS-CoV-2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid IgM and IgG serological tests.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 4040 HCWs screened, 170 [4.2%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.6-4.9] tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by either of the three tests (i.e. infected); 125/170 (73.5%) tested PCR-positive. Most infected HCWs were nurses (97/170, 57.5%). Median age of infected HCWs was 31.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 27.0-41.3] years. Of infected HCWs, 78 (45.9%) reported contact with a suspected case and 47 (27.6%) reported face-to-face contact within 2 m with a confirmed case. The proportion of infection among symptomatic HCWs (n = 54/616) was 8.8% (95% CI: 6.7-11.3); 6/54 (11.1%) had fever ≥38°C and 7/54 (13.0%) reported severe symptoms. Most infected HCWs were asymptomatic (116/170, 68.2%). The proportion of infection among asymptomatic HCWs (n = 116/3424) was 3.4% (95% CI: 2.8-4.0).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The high rate of asymptomatic infections among HCWs reinforces the need for expanding universal regular testing. The infection rate among symptomatic HCWs in this study is comparable with the national rate detected through symptom-based testing. This suggests that infections among HCWs may reflect community rather than nosocomial transmission during the early phase of the COVID-19 epidemic in Egypt.},
}
@article {pmid33094291,
year = {2020},
author = {Kubra, KT and Uddin, MA and Akhter, MS and Barabutis, N},
title = {Luminespib counteracts the Kifunensine-induced lung endothelial barrier dysfunction.},
journal = {Current research in toxicology},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {111-115},
doi = {10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.003},
pmid = {33094291},
issn = {2666-027X},
abstract = {Unfolded protein response (UPR) suppression by Kifunensine has been associated with lung hyperpermeability, the hallmark of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. The present study investigates the effects of the heat shock protein 90 inhibitor Luminespib (AUY-922) towards the Kifunensine-triggered lung endothelial dysfunction. Our results indicate that the UPR inducer Luminespib counteracts the effects of Kifunensine in both human and bovine lung endothelial cells. Hence, we suggest that UPR manipulation may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy against potentially lethal respiratory disorders, including the ARDS related to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33094267,
year = {2020},
author = {Webb, H and Parson, M and Hodgson, LE and Daswani, K},
title = {Virtual visiting and other technological adaptations for critical care.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e93-e95},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0088},
pmid = {33094267},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {Social distancing measures introduced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in an almost complete cessation of family bedside interaction, with negative effects on patients, families and staff. Here we report on measures introduced in response to this situation at the critical care unit in one hospital involving the use of videoconferencing technology. The solutions used also had the potential to be extended to clinical use, for example when seeking advice for colleagues, and to the provision of training.},
}
@article {pmid33094266,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumar, K and Mak, V and Groom, K and Razak, Y and Brown, JL and Hyde, T and Bokobza, A and Coker, RK and Parmar, M and Wong, E and Han, LY and Elkin, SL},
title = {Respiratory specialists working in different ways: Development of a GP hotline and respiratory support service during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e88-e92},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0082},
pmid = {33094266},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {Integration of primary and secondary care for the management of respiratory disease is a long-held ambition. Here, we describe how respiratory specialists at a large NHS trust, working with primary care clinicians in the area, set up a GP hotline and respiratory support service in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, with the aim of enhancing delivery of care to patients in this unprecedented time. Working across traditional organisational boundaries in this way confers benefits to patients and clinicians, illustrating the value of new, integrated models of care.},
}
@article {pmid33094265,
year = {2020},
author = {Burrows, S and Asby, C and Ibitoye, SE and Dodd, J and Joughin, A and Crees, A and Jones, Z and Rainey, K},
title = {Establishing a remote clinical advice service during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e85-e87},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0092},
pmid = {33094265},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {Service redevelopment has taken place across the NHS in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. At North Bristol NHS Trust, six vulnerable medical staff in non-patient facing roles set up a virtual advice service called 'Ask the Medical Reg'. This service aimed to provide senior medical support to inpatient and community teams for general medical and COVID-19-related queries. Here we outline the structure of our service and present data from the first 4 weeks of operation. We describe how the service has supported both junior doctors working within the hospital and GPs and paramedics, helping with complex decisions to prevent unnecessary admissions.},
}
@article {pmid33094264,
year = {2020},
author = {Koizia, LJ and Dani, M and Sritharan, G and Peck, G and Fertleman, MB},
title = {Collaborative working on a 7-day rota reduces length of stay.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e84},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0142},
pmid = {33094264},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {A 7-day consultant-geriatrician-led service across five surgical wards, with integrated working among surgeons and physicians, was implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Our model has shown to increase discharge rates and improve MDT wellbeing. Embedded physician working with surgeons could be key in the recovery to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33094263,
year = {2020},
author = {Minhas, JS and Pan, D and Sze, S and Pareek, M and Miller, CJ},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic personal development plan: A model for maximising higher specialty training.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e80-e83},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0057},
pmid = {33094263},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to multiple service delivery changes across acute care sectors in the UK. Due to increased responsibility for care of COVID-19 patients, medical trainees across all specialties might experience difficulty in achieving certain competencies for their training curriculum due to changes in learning opportunities. While there might be a tendency to perceive these changes negatively in terms of the impact on training, we think this unprecedented situation might present a unique learning opportunity. A group of geriatric medicine trainees and trainers devised an innovative, forward-thinking specific training plan based on existing Joint Royal Colleges of Physicians Training Board geriatric medicine curricula, encouraging development of a personal development plan (PDP) tailored to the pandemic. This model could be considered for all specialty training curricula, providing a proactive approach to optimising training during the pandemic. By formulating a 'pandemic PDP' early and considering methods to maximise learning, training needs can be met even in these extraordinary times.},
}
@article {pmid33094262,
year = {2020},
author = {Deogon, GS and Robbins, T and Randeva, MS and Kyrou, I and Sankar, S and Randeva, HS and Murthy, N},
title = {Managing high-acuity outpatient services during the COVID-19 pandemic: lessons from the acute diabetes foot service.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e77-e79},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0054},
pmid = {33094262},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {COVID-19 has created unprecedented challenges for healthcare services internationally. Many NHS organisations have cancelled outpatient clinics to release frontline clinical staff and minimise risk of patients contracting COVID-19. While many outpatient services manage chronic diseases, a number of services manage high-acuity patients. Delivery of these acute outpatient services during the pandemic has posed particular challenges and required significant service model reconfiguration. The acute diabetes foot clinic is an important example of such a service. We explore the important lessons learnt during the COVID-19 pandemic for managing high-acuity outpatient services through the context of the diabetic foot clinic. Learning can be divided into the following categories: remote and digital working, physical changes in service delivery, workforce challenges and post-pandemic preparedness. This learning is applicable to a wide range of high-acuity services during and following the pandemic. It is particularly relevant as we expand outpatient care provision to avoid hospital admissions.},
}
@article {pmid33094261,
year = {2020},
author = {Faderani, R and Monks, M and Peprah, D and Colori, A and Allen, L and Amphlett, A and Edwards, M},
title = {Improving wellbeing among UK doctors redeployed during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e71-e76},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0111},
pmid = {33094261},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {Background: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NHS has implemented significant workforce changes to manage the increased and changing demand on healthcare services. We aimed to investigate the impact of redeployment on the wellbeing of doctors as well as highlighting ways to improve.<br><br>Methods: We conducted a survey at three NHS trusts over 2 weeks asking redeployed doctors to rate their morale, work-life balance and perceived support and safety, and to voice concerns.<br><br>Results: 172 redeployed doctors responded to the survey. 66.3% felt confident in their new role, 65.7% felt satisfied or neutral with their new role and only 31.4% felt stressed at work. 66.3% felt valued by their team and 79% felt valued by the general public. 64.5% had noticed an increase in the length of breaks and 89% felt their rotas provided sufficient respite. 55.2% did not feel confident in the guidance from Public Health England/Wales on using personal protective equipment (PPE) and 54.7% did not feel safe while wearing PPE. The three most common concerns were training opportunities, PPE and family health.<br><br>Conclusion: Our findings suggest that morale is higher than might be expected with doctors feeling valued, confident and well rested in their new role. Concerns about training opportunities/career progression, PPE and family safety need to be addressed.},
}
@article {pmid33094260,
year = {2020},
author = {Henderson, D and Woodcock, H and Mehta, J and Khan, N and Shivji, V and Richardson, C and Aya, H and Ziser, S and Pollara, G and Burns, A},
title = {Keep calm and carry on learning: using Microsoft Teams to deliver a medical education programme during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e67-e70},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0071},
pmid = {33094260},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 in the UK in March 2020 required a radical remodelling of the medical workforce at Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust to prepare for the anticipated surge of hospital admissions. The provision of relevant teaching and training was immediately identified as a priority, particularly for staff due to work outside their regular medical specialty. Rather than deliver face-to-face teaching, doctors at the Trust utilised Microsoft Teams, an online communications and collaboration platform, to deliver a multi-disciplinary Trust-wide education programme responsive to the needs of surveyed medical staff. To date members of 18 departments across the Trust have delivered 51 virtual teaching sessions which have been viewed 3,814 times. During this pandemic the virtual education programme has facilitated rapid dissemination of new information and provided a platform for discussion and unity amongst colleagues with overwhelmingly positive feedback from both learners and teachers.},
}
@article {pmid33094259,
year = {2020},
author = {Behrman, S and Baruch, N and Stegen, G},
title = {Peer support for junior doctors: a positive outcome of the COVID-19 pandemic?.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e64-e66},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0069},
pmid = {33094259},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed new, intense and, as yet, unquantifiable strain on the wellbeing of healthcare professionals. Similarities are seen internationally with regards to the uptake of psychological support offered to healthcare professionals during a pandemic. Junior doctors are in a unique position to offer and access peer support; this is an evidence-based strategy to promote psychological wellbeing of junior doctors through the COVID-19 pandemic and into the future. The development of peer support networks during the pandemic may lead to reduced physician burnout and improved patient care in the future. We discuss a peer support initiative to support medical trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic, discuss the barriers to the success of such schemes, and reflect on the value of grass-roots peer support initiatives.},
}
@article {pmid33094258,
year = {2020},
author = {King, LA and Hothi, SS},
title = {Remodelling elective hospital services in the COVID-19 era - designing the new normal.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e60-e63},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0079},
pmid = {33094258},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The provision of elective clinical services has decreased during the initial phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to enable hospitals to focus on acute illness. Any end to the pandemic through widespread vaccination, effective treatment or development of herd immunity may be years away. Until then, hospitals will need to resume treating other diseases while also attempting to eradicate transmission of COVID-19 within the healthcare setting. In this article we suggest six major themes which could affect the design and delivery of elective clinical services: hospital avoidance, separation of high- and low-risk groups, screening, maintenance of adequate infection control, and new ways of working.},
}
@article {pmid33094257,
year = {2020},
author = {Chattopadhyay, I and Davies, G and Adhiyaman, V},
title = {The contributions of NHS healthcare workers who are shielding or working from home during COVID-19.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e57-e59},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0096},
pmid = {33094257},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare staff and others who work for the NHS have been working from home (WFH) or shielding due to various health conditions, including pregnancy. While emphasis has been given to the support and wellbeing of those working at the frontline, little is known about the contribution of those who are working remotely. This online survey attempts to throw some light on how these healthcare workers have been contributing to the NHS while WFH, the resources they may or may not have to undertake their remote duties, their perception of whether their contribution is valued at the workplace, and their views on whether the new ways of working would influence the manner in which they would work in the future.},
}
@article {pmid33094256,
year = {2020},
author = {Roycroft, M and Bhala, NB and Brockbank, S and O'Donoghue, D and Goddard, A and Verma, AM},
title = {Rostering in a pandemic: Sustainability is key.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e54-e56},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0065},
pmid = {33094256},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {In preparation for the peak of the first wave of COVID-19, many healthcare organisations implemented emergency rotas to ensure they were adequately staffed. These rotas - while addressing the acute issues - are in many cases not sustainable. As we move past the peak and services start resuming, many organisations need to reassess their rotas. There are considerable wellbeing benefits to optimal rostering. In this article we discuss how best to achieve this and suggest a number of key principles, including the following: involvement of staff affected by the rota; taking into account individual circumstances; building in flexibility and adequate time for rest; and designing rotas for different grades of staff together to create stable teams.},
}
@article {pmid33094255,
year = {2020},
author = {Tavabie, S and Bass, S and Stewart, E and Redmore, E and Minton, O},
title = {Care of the dying person before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: A quality improvement project.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e50-e53},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0047},
pmid = {33094255},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The current COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated the redeployment of NHS staff to acute-facing specialties, meaning that care of dying people is being provided by those who may not have much experience in this area. This report details how a plan, do, study, act (PDSA) approach was taken to implementing improved, standardised multidisciplinary documentation of individualised care and review for people who are in the last hours or days of life, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documentation and training produced is subject to ongoing review via the specialist palliative care team's continuously updated hospital deaths dashboard, which evaluates the care of patients who have died in the trust. We hope that sharing the experiences and outcomes of this process will help other trusts to develop their own pathways and improve the care of dying people through this difficult time and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid33094254,
year = {2020},
author = {Hodgson, LE and Leckie, T and Hunter, A and Prinsloo, N and Venn, R and Forni, L},
title = {COVID-19 recognition and digital risk stratification.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e47-e49},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0037},
pmid = {33094254},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {In the acute hospital setting the COVID-19 pandemic presents some unique challenges to acute patient care. These include accurate recognition of cases, confirmation of both testing requests and results, establishing patient acuity and alerting to deterioration. We report our experience introducing a digital COVID-19 assessment tool with an associated live dashboard at two acute NHS hospitals, enabling accurate hospital-level reporting alongside risk stratification.},
}
@article {pmid33094253,
year = {2020},
author = {Hirniak, J and Huddart, D and Sethi, R and Dibblin, C and Hayer, G and Rao, BM and Jenkins, C and Hueso, B and Zaman, ME and Sethi, S},
title = {Harnessing the power of social media to support medical training during COVID-19.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e45-e46},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0027},
pmid = {33094253},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {Twitter offers a powerful means to share information, suggest ways to help and highlight useful initiatives during the global COVID-19 pandemic. We describe one successful Twitter campaign focusing on the role of medical students (#MedStudentCovid), led by the volunteer organisation Becoming A Doctor with support from leaders at the General Medical Council, Health Education England, NHS England and the World Health Organization.},
}
@article {pmid33094252,
year = {2020},
author = {Hettle, D and Sutherland, K and Miles, E and Allanby, L and Bakewell, Z and Davies, D and Dhonye, Y and Handford, V and Upton, R and Vilenchik, V and Wood, R},
title = {Cross-skilling training to support medical redeployment in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e41-e44},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0049},
pmid = {33094252},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {During the response to the COVID-19 pandemic, doctors will be redeployed into roles with which they are unfamiliar. Adequate training must be provided to reacquaint doctors with medical ward practice, supporting psychological wellbeing and patient safety. Here we describe a cross-skilling programme in North Bristol NHS Trust designed to address colleague anxiety and support wellbeing during redeployment.},
}
@article {pmid33094251,
year = {2020},
author = {Dulai, R and Hadjivassilev, S and Veasey, RA and Patel, N and Furniss, S},
title = {Utilising video technology in the cardiac catheter lab and operating theatre during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e39-e40},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0051},
pmid = {33094251},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly altered working practices within hospitals. This includes surgical theatres and cardiac catheter laboratories. Here we describe how we have harnessed the use of video technology to improve the running of the cardiac catheter lab in our institution, reducing the exposure of staff members to COVID-19, reducing the need for personal protective equipment (PPE) and maintaining and enhancing educational and teaching opportunities for trainees.},
}
@article {pmid33094250,
year = {2020},
author = {Ellis, CJ and , },
title = {Communication in the time of COVID.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e36-e38},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0115},
pmid = {33094250},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The risk of infection precluded normal visiting by relatives of COVID-19 patients in an intensive therapy unit (ITU). Instead, a team of medical students and retired consultants telephoned next of kin with a daily update. A categorised selection of the students' reflections on their experiences is presented and discussed.},
}
@article {pmid33094249,
year = {2020},
author = {Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Working from home in medicine during COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e35},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.Let-7-3-6},
pmid = {33094249},
issn = {2514-6645},
}
@article {pmid33094245,
year = {2020},
author = {Aujayeb, A and Jackson, K and Taylor, L and Coleman, J and Armstrong, L},
title = {Pleural and peritoneal work in the COVID-19 era in a north-east hospital.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {e32-e33},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.Let-7-3-2},
pmid = {33094245},
issn = {2514-6645},
}
@article {pmid33094237,
year = {2020},
author = {O'Neill, P and Shandro, B and Poullis, A},
title = {Patient perspectives on social-media-delivered telemedicine for inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {241-244},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0094},
pmid = {33094237},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {In attempts to reduce the spread of COVID-19 among high-risk inflammatory bowel disease patients, many gastroenterology practices have recently gone 'virtual', using telemedicine technologies to care for their patients. In efforts to support this transition and improve approachability, social media platforms have been used to deliver telemedicine services with significant success. However, the patient perspective on this use of social media has largely been ignored. This study provides a baseline patient perspective on social media usage to help inform clinicians on which methods of telemedicine delivery will be best suited to their patient populations.},
}
@article {pmid33094230,
year = {2020},
author = {Penfold, R and Magee, L},
title = {Gender balance in an unprecedented time.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {212-213},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0029},
pmid = {33094230},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {As the NHS responds to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, the strain is being felt across the entire workforce. Both direct effects of COVID-19 and the response to the crisis are unearthing a number of societal inequalities, not least, those relating to gender. The fact that women play a disproportionate role in frontline health and social care roles and perform the majority of caregiving responsibilities is more exposed than ever before. Concurrently, the underrepresentation of women in senior clinical and leadership roles is being brought into stark relief. Redressing gender imbalance across health and social care is vital if we are to translate experience and learnings from our frontline workforce into our national preparedness and response effort. It is also important as we continue to promote wider gender and health equity goals within society. While we focus on responding to the current situation, an opportunity arises for greater value to be assigned to frontline health and caregiver roles. We must raise the profile of women leaders who are taking a stand during this crisis and use this opportunity to ensure that our future health and social care leadership reflects the wider workforce and the population.},
}
@article {pmid33094221,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, Y and Banerjee, A},
title = {Improving the digital health of the workforce in the COVID-19 context: an opportunity to future-proof medical training.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {189-192},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0162},
pmid = {33094221},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {As well as its profound effects on healthcare and wider society, the COVID-19 pandemic will have far-reaching implications for the future training and professional development of healthcare workers and, in particular, doctors. While initial educational priorities focused on creating a more agile workforce with better cross-specialty skill-mix, attention must now shift to how our system can prepare a proportionate response that not only addresses the needs of the pandemic but also the underlying challenges of healthcare: multimorbidity, bridging the evidence-practice gap and delivering integrated, personalised medicine for all. It is our contention that meeting such challenges will require a rapid upskilling of the digital capabilities of the healthcare workforce. In short, optimising the health of the nation will depend, in part, on improving the digital health of the workforce. In this review, we examine how digital technology played its part in the COVID-19 response, and how fundamental changes to medical training are urgently needed in the context of a 'healthcare reset'. Familiarity with health informatics, data science and digital technology have to move to centre stage in order to future-proof our profession in the years to come. The people that deliver care are our systems' greatest asset, and at a time when change is accelerating, we cannot knowingly allow current and future colleagues to be ill-equipped to survive and thrive in the practice of medicine.},
}
@article {pmid33094219,
year = {2020},
author = {Igra, A and McGuire, H and Naldrett, I and Cervera-Jackson, R and Lewis, R and Morgan, C and Thakuria, L},
title = {Rapid deployment of virtual ICU support during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Future healthcare journal},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {181-184},
doi = {10.7861/fhj.2020-0157},
pmid = {33094219},
issn = {2514-6645},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic brought many serious challenges to the clinical workplace, and was a catalyst to novel approaches to the way in which we practice medicine. These challenges include extreme numbers of critically ill patients overwhelming many intensive care units, how to maintain the flow of communication between clinicians, patients and their families, and how to prevent the spread of infection working on quarantined units in personal protective equipment. The Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals deployed a series of digital solutions to try to address some of those challenges and a series of case studies describes their clinical application in three clinical domains: communicating with families, clinical communication between clinicians and the delivery of clinical education.},
}
@article {pmid33094216,
year = {2020},
author = {Camm, CF and Camm, AJ},
title = {The cardiac effects of SARS-CoV2: COVID-19 special issue.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa351},
pmid = {33094216},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33094214,
year = {2020},
author = {Assari, S},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic and Neurological Disease: A Critical Review of the Existing Literature.},
journal = {Hospital practices and research},
volume = {5},
number = {3},
pages = {81-86},
pmid = {33094214},
issn = {2476-3918},
abstract = {Most of what we know about the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited to what we know about severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19's epidemiology, fatality, and acute care. However, infection with COVID-19 may also involve the central nervous system (CNS), which may or may not be due to a multi-organ injury. Our aim in this paper is to briefly summarize the main aspects of the growing literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. As such, after mentioning some general background on the economic and medical implications of the pandemic on individuals, the healthcare system, and the society, we summarize some common aspects of the published literature on neurological manifestations of the COVID-19 infection. We also highlight the existing gaps in the literature, which requires additional work. The most common neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection is an olfactory deficit. However, it is still unknown if it is inflammatory or degenerative in nature. Still, the incidence of neurological complications, and also their mechanisms and treatments are unknown. This literature is predominantly composed of opinions and reviews rather than original articles, so the patients' data are not used for a majority of the studies. Multi-center studies that not only conduct chest CT or MRI but also brain CT or MRI are needed. Randomized trials are still required on the management of acute and chronic neurological conditions due to COVID-19 infection. Cohort studies may also determine the natural history of the conditions and factors that are prognostic. Furthermore, while disparities in COVID-19 infections are known, inequalities in neurological manifestations are unknown. Besides this, the efficacy of specific treatments on CNS involvement is still unknown. We will discuss the health care needs of patients with chronic neurological conditions. We Included a few recommendations for practice and further research at the end of this paper.},
}
@article {pmid33094148,
year = {2020},
author = {Claude-Rosny, E},
title = {COVID-19 therapy and prevention.},
journal = {Discoveries (Craiova, Romania)},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {e113},
doi = {10.15190/d.2020.10},
pmid = {33094148},
issn = {2359-7232},
abstract = {Since the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) in December 2019, more than 23 million people worldwide have been diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. In response to this pandemic, a global mobilization of scientific, industrial and political support has ensued. However, more than 8 months later, as studies multiply and several governments are embarking on a resumption of their activities, the threat still remains. Our efforts to understand the evolution of the virus and the means to defeat it, at the dawn of a possible new wave, have raised more questions than provided clear and unequivocal answers. Compared to diseases caused by previously known human coronavirus, COVID-19 shows higher transmissibility, as a matter of fact &quot;deeply concerning&quot; cases continue to increase. Under these circumstances, and based on the information we have collected so far, this paper provides an overview of the epidemiological status of COVID-19 by considering, first through comparisons with other coronaviruses, similarities that may guide prevention measures and potentially effective therapies. From this starting point, we aimed to discuss the evidence around the efficacy of masks and respirators for different group of the population. Finally, we address therapeutic aspects including perspectives of vaccines and some antimicrobial agents such as remdesivir, favipiravir, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine in combination with azithromycin and immunomodulators.},
}
@article {pmid33094136,
year = {2020},
author = {McGovern, SL and Wages, C and Dimmitt, A and Sanders, C and Martin, D and Ning, MS and Manning, R and Amin, M and Zhu, XR and Frank, SJ and Gunn, GB},
title = {Proton Therapy in a Pandemic: An Operational Response to the COVID-19 Crisis.},
journal = {International journal of particle therapy},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {54-57},
doi = {10.14338/IJPT-20-00027},
pmid = {33094136},
issn = {2331-5180},
}
@article {pmid33094132,
year = {2020},
author = {Hasan, S and Press, RH and Chhabra, A and Choi, JI and Simone, CB},
title = {Longitudinal Quantitative Analysis of Radiation Oncology Staff Illness in a New York City Center during COVID-19: The Impact of New Guidelines on Operations and Employee Health.},
journal = {International journal of particle therapy},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {21-27},
doi = {10.14338/IJPT-20-00032.1},
pmid = {33094132},
issn = {2331-5180},
abstract = {Purpose: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) forced radiation oncology clinics to overhaul operational policies, but the effect on employee safety has not, to our knowledge, been reported. The New York Proton Center (NYPC), a large freestanding clinic in New York City, New York, presents a 1-month experience of employee-reported health outcomes after the infiltration of COVID-19 and enforcement of policies designed to mitigate its impact.<br><br>Materials and Methods: In March 2020, new operational policies were implemented, including rigorous and frequent sanitation, visitor and treatment restrictions, distribution of personal protective equipment, work-from-home orders, and isolated nursing and radiation therapy teams. Employees of NYPC were prospectively monitored for exposure and symptoms of COVID-19. Work hours lost because of illness or quarantines were quantified from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2020.<br><br>Results: Among 95 total employees, 23 (24%) were quarantined because of symptoms (n = 15; 65%), high-risk exposure (n = 5; 22%), or self-quarantined with personal concern (n = 3; 13%). Of 44 full-time, on-site employees, 39% (n = 17, including 6 therapists and 5 nurses) missed significant work time, including 6 (14%) with confirmed COVID-19. At full capacity, NYPC would have used 7260 work hours during March 2020 from the full-time, on-site staff, which was reduced by 18.8% overall (25.2% of nursing and 13.3% of therapy work hours), all in the latter half of the month. Among the therapist lost work hours, 92% were from 2 of 7 distinct, isolated therapy teams (29%). Without isolation, the exposure was modeled to have been 100%.<br><br>Conclusion: Despite losing significant staff hours in our department because of COVID-19, early and aggressive adoption of current, recommended policy guidelines outlined in this manuscript allowed NYPC to continue patient operations at full capacity.},
}
@article {pmid33094064,
year = {2020},
author = {Mengal, N and Saghir, T and Hassan Rizvi, SN and Khan, N and Qamar, N and Masood, S and Badini, A},
title = {Acute ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: What is the Clinically Significant Difference?.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {9},
pages = {e10523},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.10523},
pmid = {33094064},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Background In the current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the pattern of hospital admissions for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is changing, and increased mortality and morbidity is being noted in these patients. Cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 are complex and include STEMI, myocarditis, myocardial injury, and cardiomyopathy. The objective of our study was to compare the data of patients with STEMI presenting in COVID-19 versus the non-COVID-19 era. Methods We analyzed the clinical and angiographic characteristics of STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at our center. The primary outcome variables were admission rate for STEMI, mean total ischemic time (TIT), coronary artery disease burden, mean ejection fraction, and in-hospital mortality for three defined groups. Group A consisted of patients who underwent primary PCI from March through April 2020. Group B included patients who underwent primary PCI from January to February 2020. Group C consisted of patients who underwent primary PCI from March to April 2019. We then compared the data among the three groups and calculated any significant p-value (p<.001). Results In Group A, 1139 patients were admitted for primary PCI. The mean admission rate was 18.6 ± 4.36 admissions per day. There were 1535 patients in Group B and an admission rate of 26.01 ± 4.90 (p<.001 compared to Group A). In Group C, there were 1537 patients and an admission rate of 24.8 ± 4.55 (p<.001, compared to Group A). The mean TIT was 429.25±272.16 minutes for Group A, 359.78±148.04 minutes for Group B, and 346.75±207.31 minutes for Group C (p<.001). A higher mortality rate was noted in Group A (COVID-19 era) versus Group C (non-COVID-19 era; p<.001). Conclusions A lower admission rate, higher TIT, and higher mortality rates were noted in patients with acute STEMI during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVID era. During the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians should bear in mind that patients with STEMI have increased mortality and morbidity. Where possible, efforts should be made for timely management of these critical patients to decrease mortality.},
}
@article {pmid33094021,
year = {2020},
author = {Sawyer, MR and Jaffe, EF and Naqvi, M and Sarma, A and Barth, WH and Goldfarb, IT},
title = {Establishing Better Evidence on Remote Monitoring for Postpartum Hypertension: A Silver Lining of the Coronavirus Pandemic.},
journal = {AJP reports},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {e315-e318},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1715169},
pmid = {33094021},
issn = {2157-6998},
abstract = {The transformation of our health care system in response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) provides a unique opportunity to examine the use of telehealth for postpartum care. The postpartum period can pose significant risks and challenges, particularly for women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Remote blood pressure monitoring has proven feasible and acceptable among women and providers but has not been widely implemented or researched. Early studies have identified improved outcomes with use of telehealth, including increased compliance with care and decreased disparity in hypertension follow-up. Preliminary data make a compelling case for remote monitoring as a promising treatment strategy to manage postpartum hypertension. Remote monitoring technology should be incorporated as a standard component for the comprehensive management of postpartum hypertension during COVID-19. As a consequence of the pandemic, we now have an opportunity to research the impact of postpartum remote blood pressure monitoring on maternal outcome and disparities within these outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid33094016,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, A and Malhotra, Y and Patil, U and Muradas, AR and Lee, WT and Krammer, F and Amanat, F and Clare, CA and Vinod, S and Ghaly, E},
title = {In Utero Vertical Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Severely Ill 29-week Preterm Infant.},
journal = {AJP reports},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {e270-e274},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1715177},
pmid = {33094016},
issn = {2157-6998},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is currently in worldwide pandemic state with very limited data about the mode of transmission to the growing fetus. There are a few published cases of COVID-19 infection in the infants born to COVID-19 positive mothers where most of the reported cases were either mildly symptomatic with positive COVID-19 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or had negative COVID-19 PCR raising the question of vertical transmission. We present a case of likely intrauterine transmission of COVID-19 infection in a critically ill premature infant born to a COVID-19 infected mother and describing her clinical course thus far. The clinical presentation in the infant is consistent with COVID-19 infection described so far in literature along with positive PCR, and positive COVID-19 serology: immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, and immunoglobulin A.},
}
@article {pmid33094009,
year = {2020},
author = {Rivera-Hernandez, P and Nair, J and Islam, S and Davidson, L and Chang, A and Elberson, V},
title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Premature Infant: Vertical Transmission and Antibody Response or Lack Thereof.},
journal = {AJP reports},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {e224-e227},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1715176},
pmid = {33094009},
issn = {2157-6998},
abstract = {With the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, several reports highlight its effects on pregnant women. Based on scant available data, vertical transmission is considered unlikely. We present here a preterm neonate born to a critically ill mother with SARV-CoV-2 with early evidence of infection with a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction on day 1. Lack of parental contact prior to testing and strict adherence to recommended airborne precautions perinatally suggest vertical transmission of infection. Critical maternal illness and medications may have contributed to the need for extensive resuscitation at birth and highlight the importance of close fetal monitoring. Infant lacked immunoglobulin G antibody response by 3 weeks, presumably secondary to mild clinical course and prematurity. Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in preterm infants, their antibody response and potential for asymptomatic carriage remain uncertain.},
}
@article {pmid33093987,
year = {2020},
author = {Soliman, MAR and Elbaroody, M and Elsamman, AK and Refaat, MI and Abd-Haleem, E and Elhalaby, W and Gouda, H and Safwat, A and Shazly, ME and Lasheen, H and Younes, A and El-Hemily, Y and Elsaid, A and Kandel, H and Lotfy, M and Refaee, EE},
title = {Endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {310},
doi = {10.25259/SNI_547_2020},
pmid = {33093987},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {Background: Although primarily a respiratory disorder, the coronavirus pandemic has paralyzed almost all aspects of health-care delivery. Emergency procedures are likely continuing in most countries, however, some of them raises certain concerns to the surgeons such as the endoscopic endonasal skull base surgeries. The aim of this study is to present the current situation from a developing country perspective in dealing with such cases at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Methods: A cross-sectional analytical survey was distributed among neurosurgeons who performed emergency surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic in Cairo, Egypt, between May 8, 2020, and June 7, 2020. The survey entailed patients' information (demographics, preoperative screening, and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), surgical team information (demographics and postoperative COVID-19 symptoms), and operative information (personal protective equipment [PPE] utilization and basal craniectomy).<br><br>Results: Our survey was completed on June 7, 2020 (16 completed, 100% response rate). The patients were screened for COVID-19 preoperatively through complete blood cell (CBC) (100%), computed tomography (CT) chest (68.8%), chest examination (50%), C-reactive protein (CRP) (50%), and serological testing (6.3%). Only 18.8% of the surgical team utilized N95 mask and goggles, 12.5% utilized face shield, and none used PAPRs. Regarding the basal craniectomy, 81.3% used Kerrison Rongeur and chisel, 25% used a high-speed drill, and 6.3% used a mucosal shaver. None of the patients developed any COVID-19 symptoms during the first 3 weeks postsurgery and one of the surgeons developed high fever with negative nasopharyngeal swabs.<br><br>Conclusion: In developing countries with limited resources, preoperative screening using chest examination, CBC, and CT chest might be sufficient to replace Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Developing countries require adequate support with screening tests, PPE, and critical care equipment such as ventilators.},
}
@article {pmid33093981,
year = {2020},
author = {Solorio-Pineda, S and Almendárez-Sánchez, CA and Tafur-Grandett, AA and Ramos-Martínez, GA and Huato-Reyes, R and Ruiz-Flores, MI and Sosa-Najera, A},
title = {Pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy in a severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2-positive testing: Causal or casual?.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {304},
doi = {10.25259/SNI_305_2020},
pmid = {33093981},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {Background: In December 2019, in Wuhan, a new virus emerged, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) secondary to infection by a type of coronavirus, causing coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has had implications in the central nervous system. COVID-19 is known to be characterized by coagulation activation and endothelial dysfunction, causing ischemic and hemorrhagic vascular syndromes.<br><br>Case Description: A 27-year-old male patient case with progressive decrease in visual acuity, associated with respiratory symptoms and intense headache. Multilobar infiltrate with a reticulonodular pattern is evident on chest CT scan. Brain CT scan with pituitary macroadenoma apoplexy was shown. SARS-Cov2 was confirmed, and respiratory support initiated. However, the patient died shortly afterward, secondary to pulmonary complications.<br><br>Conclusion: The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) II receptor is expressed in circumventricular organs and in cerebrovascular endothelial cells, which play a role in vascular autoregulation and cerebral blood flow. For this reason, is rational the hypothesize that brain ACE II could be involved in COVID-19 infection. Underlying mechanisms require further elucidation in the future.},
}
@article {pmid33093978,
year = {2020},
author = {Epstein, NE},
title = {Case Report (Precis): Two Telemedicine Consultants Miss Foot Drop: When To See Patients in Person.},
journal = {Surgical neurology international},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {301},
doi = {10.25259/SNI_584_2020},
pmid = {33093978},
issn = {2229-5097},
abstract = {Background: Telemedicine has been rapidly adopted due to COVID-19. In the earliest days, most screenings were performed by primary care/internal medicine consultants; referrals to subspecialists were minimized. Now, as the pandemic has evolved over 6 months, secondary telemedicine consultations should be limited, and earlier involvement of appropriate subspecialists should be reconsidered to optimize patient management.<br><br>Case Description: An older individual spoke to an on-call general medical physician with the chief complaint of the acute onset of low back pain after moderately strenuous activity, with severe unilateral radiculopathy. The telemedicine physician recommended a non-steroidal. anti-inflammatory agent without any specific recommendations regarding follow-up. A few days later, with progression of unilateral pain and numbness, a second telemedicine medical consultation was performed; a Medrol dose pack and muscle relaxant were now recommended, again without any follow-up recommendations. Days later, with increased unilateral pain/ near anesthesia in the foot, the patient was seen by a spinal surgeon who found; unilateral SLR positive at 20 degrees, a 0/5 foot drop, loss of the Achilles Response, and decreased pin appreciation in the L5 distribution. The patient's emergent lumbar MR showed a large unilateral disc herniation with inferior migration at the appropriate level, warranting surgical consideration.<br><br>Conclusion: Here, we emphasized several points. First, telemedicine may be adequate for the initial screening, but further complaints would be better evaluated in person by either a medical or surgical subspecialist; here, both could have recognized the very clear unilateral foot drop. Second, the patient should have had a scheduled follow-up in-person consultation. Third, appropriate diagnostic studies should have been ordered at the time of the second telemedicine consultation to establish the correct diagnosis and direct treatment.},
}
@article {pmid33093966,
year = {2020},
author = {Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {COVID-19 Infection in Oman.},
journal = {Oman medical journal},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {e186},
doi = {10.5001/omj.2020.127},
pmid = {33093966},
issn = {1999-768X},
}
@article {pmid33093963,
year = {2020},
author = {Ashiru-Oredope, D and Chan, AHY and Olaoye, O and Rutter, V and Babar, ZU and , },
title = {Needs assessment and impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy professionals in 31 commonwealth countries.},
journal = {Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {72},
doi = {10.1186/s40545-020-00275-7},
pmid = {33093963},
issn = {2052-3211},
abstract = {Background: The declaration of COVID-19 a pandemic by the World Health Organization on 11 March 2020 marked the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented nature and scale. The approach taken by countries across the world varied widely, however, the delivery of frontline healthcare was consistently recognised as being central to the pandemic response. This study aimed to identify and explore the issues currently facing pharmacy teams across Commonwealth countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also evaluates pharmacy professionals' understanding of key knowledge areas from the COVID-19 webinar hosted by the Commonwealth Pharmacists' Association (CPA).<br><br>Method: A quantitative survey-based approach was adopted, using a 32-item questionnaire developed from the literature on pharmacy and pandemic response. The survey was hosted on Survey Monkey and pilot tested. The final survey was disseminated by CPA member organisations. A 6-item online questionnaire was sent via email to all attendees of CPA's COVID-19 webinar. Descriptive statistics on frequency distributions and percentages were used to analyse the responses. Data were analysed using Microsoft® Excel (2010).<br><br>Results: There were 545 responses from pharmacy professionals across 31/54 Commonwealth countries in Africa, Asia, the Americas, Europe and the Pacific. Majority of the respondents reported being at least somewhat worried (90%) and more than 65% were very worried or extremely about the impact of COVID-19 on them personally and professionally. Nearly two-thirds of respondents stated finding it somewhat difficult or very difficult to work effectively during the pandemic. Challenges mostly faced by pharmacy professionals working remotely included; general anxiety about the impact of COVID-19 on their lives (12%), and difficulties in communicating with their co-workers (12%). Most pharmacy professionals had not previously been actively involved in a global health emergency (82%) nor obtained training on global/public health emergency preparedness (62%). Between 45 and 97% of the COVID-19 webinar attendees provided the correct answers to post-webinar questions, suggesting some improvement in knowledge.<br><br>Conclusion: Our study confirms pharmacy professionals' concerns about practice during a pandemic and provides preliminary data on the challenges and learning needs of the profession. The CPA has since acted on these findings, providing ongoing opportunities to develop and refine resources for the profession as the pandemic evolves. Pharmacy professionals have also demonstrated improved knowledge on the management of COVID-19 and resources available for professionals.},
}
@article {pmid33093946,
year = {2020},
author = {Hossain, MM and Tasnim, S and Sultana, A and Faizah, F and Mazumder, H and Zou, L and McKyer, ELJ and Ahmed, HU and Ma, P},
title = {Epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19: a review.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {636},
doi = {10.12688/f1000research.24457.1},
pmid = {33093946},
issn = {2046-1402},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic affecting health and wellbeing globally. In addition to the physical health, economic, and social implications, the psychological impacts of this pandemic are increasingly being reported in the scientific literature. This narrative review reflected on scholarly articles on the epidemiology of mental health problems in COVID-19. The current literature suggests that people affected by COVID-19 may have a high burden of mental health problems, including depression, anxiety disorders, stress, panic attack, irrational anger, impulsivity, somatization disorder, sleep disorders, emotional disturbance, posttraumatic stress symptoms, and suicidal behavior. Moreover, several factors associated with mental health problems in COVID-19 are found, which include age, gender, marital status, education, occupation, income, place of living, close contact with people with COVID-19, comorbid physical and mental health problems, exposure to COVID-19 related news and social media, coping styles, stigma, psychosocial support, health communication, confidence in health services, personal protective measures, risk of contracting COVID-19, and perceived likelihood of survival. Furthermore, the epidemiological distribution of mental health problems and associated factors were heterogeneous among the general public, COVID-19 patients, and healthcare providers. The current evidence suggests that a psychiatric epidemic is cooccurring with the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates the attention of the global health community. Future epidemiological studies should emphasize on psychopathological variations and temporality of mental health problems in different populations. Nonetheless, multipronged interventions should be developed and adopted to address the existing psychosocial challenges and promote mental health amid the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33093945,
year = {2020},
author = {Mabillard, H and Sayer, JA},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 and hypokalaemia: evidence and implications.},
journal = {F1000Research},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {587},
doi = {10.12688/f1000research.24441.1},
pmid = {33093945},
issn = {2046-1402},
abstract = {The global pandemic secondary to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is leading to unprecedented global morbidity and mortality. With a bewildering array of complications, renal involvement in various forms is common, including serum electrolyte derangements. Hypokalaemia secondary to SARS-CoV-2 was common in a reported Chinese cohort. Here we review the emerging evidence on hypokalaemia and SARS-CoV-2 infection, the potential pathophysiological mechanisms based on early clinical and histopathological data and important clinical implications. Mechanisms of hypokalaemia are multifactorial and so the electrolyte disturbance can be difficult to avoid. We provide further support to the theory of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone (RAS) activation, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of implicating RAS involvement and highlight the importance of calculating the transtubular potassium gradient to identify those at risk of hypokalaemia and its complications.},
}
@article {pmid33093937,
year = {2020},
author = {Roemmele, C and Manzeneder, J and Messmann, H and Ebigbo, A},
title = {Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on endoscopy training in a tertiary care centre in Germany.},
journal = {Frontline gastroenterology},
volume = {11},
number = {6},
pages = {454-457},
doi = {10.1136/flgastro-2020-101504},
pmid = {33093937},
issn = {2041-4137},
abstract = {Objective: The COVID-19 crisis has impacted on all aspects of health care including medical education and training. We describe the disruption of endoscopy training in a tertiary care center in Germany.<br><br>Design/Method: The reorganization of a high-volume endoscopy unit during the German COVID-19 outbreak is described with special focus on endoscopy trainees. Changes in case volume of gastroenterology fellows were evaluated and compared to a year prior to the outbreak.<br><br>Results: Reallocation of resources led to the transfer of gastroenterology fellows to intensive care and infectious disease units. Case volume of fellows declined between January and April 2020 by up to 63%. When compared with data from the year prior to the outbreak, endoscopy performed by fellows reduced by up to 56%. Educational meetings and skill evaluation were cancelled indefinitely.<br><br>Conclusion: The COVID-19 outbreak has had a negative impact on endoscopy training of gastroenterology fellows in a high-volume center in Germany. This must be taken into consideration when planning &quot;return-strategies&quot; after the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33093872,
year = {2020},
author = {Vanella, G and Capurso, G and Boškoski, I and Bossi, E and Signorelli, C and Ciceri, F and Arcidiacono, PG and Costamagna, G},
title = {How to get away with COVID-19: endoscopy during post-peak pandemic. A perspective review.},
journal = {Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1756284820965070},
doi = {10.1177/1756284820965070},
pmid = {33093872},
issn = {1756-283X},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has changed the way we work, and health care services have to adapt. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and the delay of non-urgent procedures were the immediate measures adopted by Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy Units at the time of crisis. As the peak has now passed in most countries, GI facilities are facing the next challenge of this pandemic: service providers must adapt their routine work to a 'new normal'. Routine casework must resume, and waiting lists must be addressed: all in the awareness of the ongoing potential risks of COVID-19, and the threat of a second wave. In this review, we discuss strategies to manage the workload by improving procedure appropriateness and prioritization, whilst maintaining a 'COVID-free' environment. This includes monitoring of an adequate stock of PPE and the implications for the staff's workload, and the GI trainees' need of training.},
}
@article {pmid33093839,
year = {2020},
author = {Ara, T and Rahman, MM and Hossain, MA and Ahmed, A},
title = {Identifying the Associated Risk Factors of Sleep Disturbance During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Bangladesh: A Web-Based Survey.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {580268},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.580268},
pmid = {33093839},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {Background: Bangladesh, a developing country with a lower-middle-income and one of the world's most densely populated areas, has been severely affected by COVID-19. This global epidemic is not only affecting the physical health of the patients but also causing severe psychological effects among those who have not yet been infected. Sleep disturbance is one of the key symptoms of major depression and one of the proven risk factors for suicide. The objective of this study is to identify the risk factors associated with sleep disturbance which has developed as a general impact of COVID-19 and new normal life during the lockdown (a measure to control the spread of COVID-19) in Bangladesh.<br><br>Methods: Demographic characteristics, COVID-19, and lockdown related information have been collected from 1,128 individuals by conducting a web-based survey. Respondent's perspective regarding sleep disturbance during COVID-19 lockdown is considered as the outcome of interest which is dichotomous. Descriptive statistics methods have been applied to explore the distribution of respondent's demographic characteristics. Pearson's chi-square tests have been performed to relate the sleep disturbance status of the respondents to their demographic, personal, and COVID-19 related information. Furthermore, a multivariable logistic regression model has been adopted to identify the significant association of sleep disturbance with the demographic, COVID-19, and lockdown related information of respondents during the COVID-19 lockdown in Bangladesh.<br><br>Findings: The prevalence of sleep disturbance during the COVID-19 lockdown is found to be higher among participants aged 31-40 years. Gender disparity has also been observed in favor of male participants, whereas no significant regional heterogeneity has been found. Working from home or doing online classes during the lockdown has been found as a potential predictive factor of sleep disturbance. Losing a job has been considered as an adverse economic effect of COVID-19, which also induces sleep disturbance. Perception regarding the risk of getting infected and anxiety triggered the chance of developing sleep disturbance. The sleeping schedule is also found as a risk factor for sleep disturbance.<br><br>Conclusion: Evidence-based policies are required to combat psychological challenges that have arisen due to COVID-19, primarily targeting the groups who are largely suffering from sleep disturbance.},
}
@article {pmid33093748,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Remdesivir for COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {43},
number = {5},
pages = {176-177},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2020.060},
pmid = {33093748},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid33093739,
year = {2020},
author = {Robinson, PC and , and Bursle, EC and , and , },
title = {Management of autoimmune disease during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Australian prescriber},
volume = {43},
number = {5},
pages = {146-147},
doi = {10.18773/austprescr.2020.058},
pmid = {33093739},
issn = {0312-8008},
}
@article {pmid33093706,
year = {2020},
author = {Perumal, V and Curran, T and Hunter, M},
title = {FIRST CASE OF COVID-19 IN IRELAND.},
journal = {The Ulster medical journal},
volume = {89},
number = {2},
pages = {128},
pmid = {33093706},
issn = {2046-4207},
}
@article {pmid33093684,
year = {2020},
author = {Rut, W and Groborz, K and Zhang, L and Sun, X and Zmudzinski, M and Pawlik, B and Wang, X and Jochmans, D and Neyts, J and Młynarski, W and Hilgenfeld, R and Drag, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors and activity-based probes for patient-sample imaging.},
journal = {Nature chemical biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41589-020-00689-z},
pmid = {33093684},
issn = {1552-4469},
support = {TEAM/2017-4/32//Fundacja na rzecz Nauki Polskiej (Foundation for Polish Science)/ ; },
abstract = {In December 2019, the first cases of infection with a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, were diagnosed. Currently, there is no effective antiviral treatment for COVID-19. To address this emerging problem, we focused on the SARS-CoV-2 main protease that constitutes one of the most attractive antiviral drug targets. We have synthesized a combinatorial library of fluorogenic substrates with glutamine in the P1 position. We used it to determine the substrate preferences of the SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main proteases. On the basis of these findings, we designed and synthesized a potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor (Ac-Abu-DTyr-Leu-Gln-VS, half-maximal effective concentration of 3.7 µM) and two activity-based probes, for one of which we determined the crystal structure of its complex with the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. We visualized active SARS-CoV-2 Mpro in nasopharyngeal epithelial cells of patients suffering from COVID-19 infection. The results of our work provide a structural framework for the design of inhibitors as antiviral agents and/or diagnostic tests.},
}
@article {pmid33093682,
year = {2020},
author = {Overbaugh, J},
title = {Understanding protection from SARS-CoV-2 by studying reinfection.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41591-020-1121-z},
pmid = {33093682},
issn = {1546-170X},
support = {AI138709//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; },
}
@article {pmid33093657,
year = {2020},
author = {Bloom, K and van den Berg, F and Arbuthnot, P},
title = {Self-amplifying RNA vaccines for infectious diseases.},
journal = {Gene therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41434-020-00204-y},
pmid = {33093657},
issn = {1476-5462},
support = {118022//National Research Foundation (NRF)/ ; 120383//National Research Foundation (NRF)/ ; 18/01//Poliomyelitis Research Foundation (PRF)/ ; },
abstract = {Vaccinology is shifting toward synthetic RNA platforms which allow for rapid, scalable, and cell-free manufacturing of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The simple development pipeline is based on in vitro transcription of antigen-encoding sequences or immunotherapies as synthetic RNA transcripts, which are then formulated for delivery. This approach may enable a quicker response to emerging disease outbreaks, as is evident from the swift pursuit of RNA vaccine candidates for the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Both conventional and self-amplifying RNAs have shown protective immunization in preclinical studies against multiple infectious diseases including influenza, RSV, Rabies, Ebola, and HIV-1. Self-amplifying RNAs have shown enhanced antigen expression at lower doses compared to conventional mRNA, suggesting this technology may improve immunization. This review will explore how self-amplifying RNAs are emerging as important vaccine candidates for infectious diseases, the advantages of synthetic manufacturing approaches, and their potential for preventing and treating chronic infections.},
}
@article {pmid33093651,
year = {2020},
author = {Sii, SSZ and Chean, CS and Sandland-Taylor, LE and Anuforom, U and Patel, D and Le, GT and Khan, AJ},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on cataract surgery- patients' perceptions while waiting for cataract surgery and their willingness to attend hospital for cataract surgery during the easing of lockdown period.},
journal = {Eye (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41433-020-01229-8},
pmid = {33093651},
issn = {1476-5454},
}
@article {pmid33093582,
year = {2020},
author = {Yee, J and Kim, W and Han, JM and Yoon, HY and Lee, N and Lee, KE and Gwak, HS},
title = {Clinical manifestations and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {18126},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-75096-4},
pmid = {33093582},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. We searched for qualified studies in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. The clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their infants were reported as means and proportions with 95% confidence interval. Eleven studies involving with 9032 pregnant women with COVID-19 and 338 infants were included in the meta-analysis. Pregnant women with COVID-19 have relatively mild symptoms. However, abnormal proportions of laboratory parameters were similar or even increased, compared to general population. Around 30% of pregnant women with COVID-19 experienced preterm delivery, whereas the mean birth weight was 2855.9 g. Fetal death and detection of SARS-CoV-2 were observed in about 2%, whereas neonatal death was found to be 0.4%. In conclusion, the current review will serve as an ideal basis for future considerations in the treatment and management of COVID-19 in pregnant women.},
}
@article {pmid33093497,
year = {2020},
author = {Yabe, T and Tsubouchi, K and Fujiwara, N and Wada, T and Sekimoto, Y and Ukkusuri, SV},
title = {Non-compulsory measures sufficiently reduced human mobility in Tokyo during the COVID-19 epidemic.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {18053},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-75033-5},
pmid = {33093497},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CMMI 1638311//National Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {While large scale mobility data has become a popular tool to monitor the mobility patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic, the impacts of non-compulsory measures in Tokyo, Japan on human mobility patterns has been under-studied. Here, we analyze the temporal changes in human mobility behavior, social contact rates, and their correlations with the transmissibility of COVID-19, using mobility data collected from more than 200K anonymized mobile phone users in Tokyo. The analysis concludes that by April 15th (1 week into state of emergency), human mobility behavior decreased by around 50%, resulting in a 70% reduction of social contacts in Tokyo, showing the strong relationships with non-compulsory measures. Furthermore, the reduction in data-driven human mobility metrics showed correlation with the decrease in estimated effective reproduction number of COVID-19 in Tokyo. Such empirical insights could inform policy makers on deciding sufficient levels of mobility reduction to contain the disease.},
}
@article {pmid33093432,
year = {2020},
author = {Teutsch, SM and Zurynski, YA and Nunez, C and Lester-Smith, D and Festa, M and Booy, R and Elliott, EJ and , },
title = {Ten Years of National Seasonal Surveillance for Severe Complications of Influenza in Australian Children.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002961},
pmid = {33093432},
issn = {1532-0987},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe complications of influenza in children are uncommon but may result in admission to hospital or an intensive care unit (ICU) and death.<br><br>METHODS: Active prospective surveillance using the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit with monthly reporting by pediatricians of national demographic and clinical data on children with <15 years of age hospitalized with severe complications of laboratory-confirmed influenza during ten influenza seasons 2008-2017.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 722 children notified, 613 had laboratory-confirmed influenza and at least one severe complication. Most (60%) were <5 years of age; 10% were <6 months, hence ineligible for vaccination. Almost half of all cases were admitted to ICU and 30 died. Most children were previously healthy: 40.3% had at least one underlying medical condition. Sixty-five different severe complications were reported; pneumonia was the most common, occurring in over half of all cases. Influenza A accounted for 68.6% hospitalizations; however, influenza B was more often associated with acute renal failure (P = 0.014), rhabdomyolysis (P = 0.019), myocarditis (P = 0.015), pericarditis (P = 0.013), and cardiomyopathy (P = 0.035). Children who died were more likely to be older (5-14 years), have underlying medical conditions, be admitted to ICU, and have encephalitis, acute renal failure, or myocarditis. Only 36.1% of all children reported received antiviral medications, and 8.5% were known to be vaccinated for seasonal influenza.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Severe influenza complications cause morbidity and mortality in children, which may increase if coinfection with COVID-19 occurs in the 2020 season and beyond. Increased vaccination rates, even in healthy children, early diagnosis and timely antiviral treatment are needed to reduce severe complications and death.},
}
@article {pmid33093429,
year = {2020},
author = {Gavish, R and Krause, I and Goldberg, L and Bilavsky, E and Kadmon, G and Livni, G and Scheuerman, O and Levinsky, Y},
title = {A DROP IN NUMBER OF HOSPITALIZATIONS AMONG CHILDREN WITH BACTERIAL INFECTIONS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002963},
pmid = {33093429},
issn = {1532-0987},
abstract = {A significant drop was found in the number of hospitalizations due to bacterial infections among children during the first peak period of COVID-19 in Israel. There was a 77% decrease in serious bacterial infections, and ≥50% decrease in most types of bacterial infections, especially osteoarticular and skin infections, followed by pneumonia and ENT infections.},
}
@article {pmid33093428,
year = {2020},
author = {Bolaños-Almeida, CE and Espitia Segura, OM},
title = {Clinical and Epidemiologic Analysis of COVID-19 Children Cases in Colombia PEDIACOVID.},
journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002952},
pmid = {33093428},
issn = {1532-0987},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The COVID pandemic has affected Colombia with a high number of cases and deceases; however, no studies have been published regarding pediatric population. An epidemiologic analysis of the nationwide COVID register, therefore, is necessary to outline and describe the impact in such population.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective analysis was made of the characteristics of a cohort of 5062 patients <18 years of age, until June 16, 2020, reported at the National Institute of Health-INS (https://www.ins.gov.co/News./Pages/Coronavirus.aspx), through the national public access database, with all subjects confirmed with COVID-19 or severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2.<br><br>RESULTS: Reviewed on June 16, 2020, a total of 54,971 confirmed cases were reported nationwide for COVID-19, of which 5062 (9.2%) are cases in patients under 18 years of age. There was a statistically significant difference between groups; age was statistically significantly higher in the asymptomatic, compared with: deceased, severe and moderate cases; moreover, age was statistically significantly higher in the mild, compared with: deceased, severe and moderate. Statistically significant difference determined with one-way ANOVA was found between groups (F = 16.08, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis reveals significant differences between groups, the age of patients at home (9.39 years) and those recovered (9.3 years) being significantly higher than those in intensive care unit (4.9 years), in hospital (6.1 years), or than the deceased (2.9 years).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that, at the nationwide level, patients in more severe states (deceased, severe and moderate), are significantly younger than those in the milder state (asymptomatic and mild).},
}
@article {pmid33093404,
year = {2020},
author = {Bae, S and McAdams-DeMarco, MA and Massie, AB and Ahn, JB and Werbel, WA and Brennan, DC and Lentine, KL and Durand, CM and Segev, DL},
title = {Early Changes in Kidney Transplant Immunosuppression Regimens During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/TP.0000000000003502},
pmid = {33093404},
issn = {1534-6080},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients have higher risk of infectious diseases due to their reliance on immunosuppression. During the current COVID-19 pandemic, some clinicians might have opted for less potent immunosuppressive agents to counterbalance the novel infectious risk. We conducted a nationwide study to characterize immunosuppression use and subsequent clinical outcomes during the first 5 months of COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.<br><br>METHODS: Using data from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, we studied all kidney-only recipients in the United States from 1/1/2017 to 3/12/2020 (&quot;prepandemic&quot; era; n=64 849) and from 3/13/2020 to 7/31/2020 (&quot;pandemic&quot; era; n=5035). We compared the use of lymphocyte-depleting agents (vs. basiliximab or no induction) and maintenance steroids (vs. steroid avoidance/withdrawal) in the pandemic era compared to the prepandemic era. Then, we compared early posttransplant outcomes by immunosuppression regimen during the pandemic era.<br><br>RESULTS: Recipients in the pandemic era were substantially less likely to receive lymphocyte-depleting induction agents compared to their prepandemic counterparts (aOR=0.400.530.69); similar trends were found across subgroups of state-level COVID-19 incidence, donor type, and recipient age. However, lymphocyte-depleting induction agents were associated with decreased rejection during admission (aOR=0.110.230.47), but not with increased mortality in the pandemic era (aHR=0.130.471.66). On the other hand, the use of maintenance steroids versus early steroid withdrawal remained similar (aOR=0.711.071.62).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of lymphocyte-depleting induction agents has decreased in favor of basiliximab and no induction during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this shift might have resulted in increases in rejection with no clear reductions in posttransplant mortality.},
}
@article {pmid33093403,
year = {2020},
author = {Shrivastava, P and Prashar, R and Khoury, N and Patel, A and Yeddula, S and Kitajima, T and Nagai, S and Samaniego, M},
title = {Acute Kidney Injury in a Predominantly African American Cohort of Kidney Transplant Recipients With COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Transplantation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/TP.0000000000003498},
pmid = {33093403},
issn = {1534-6080},
abstract = {Renal involvement in severe or critical acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is frequent. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in African American (AA) kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) with COVID-19 is not well described. We report our experience with a predominantly AA cohort (79%) of KTRs with COVID-19 infections in the Detroit Metropolitan area.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective, single-center study, we identified 39 KTRs who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 between March 16 and April 25th, 2020. Data from electronic medical records were retrieved and compared between KTRs without AKI and KTRs with AKI.<br><br>RESULTS: One pt was excluded due to DGF. Final analysis of AKI in KTRs with proven COVID-19 was done on 38 patients of which 30 were AA (79%). AKI occurred in 71.1% of COVID-19 KTRs (n=27), of whom 6 (22.2%) patients required HD. The incidence of AKI in our cohort was 71% (27/38). AKI rate among AA was 76.7% vs. 50% in non-AA cohort (p=0.195). In a univariate logistic regression analysis, AA race was not significantly associated with AKI OR (3.4, CI [0.68-17.4], p=0.14). After risk adjustment by race, patients with diabetes showed a significantly higher risk of AKI (adjusted OR 19.85 CI [1.65-58.66], p=0.012). KTRs with AKI had more preexisting RAAS inhibitor use than KTRs without AKI (P=0.03).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: KTRs infected with SARS-CoV-2 have a high incidence of AKI, with associated increased morbidity and mortality. Though no racial differences in mortality were noted in our KTRs with AKI, we await data from registries to help elucidate this difference.},
}
@article {pmid33093376,
year = {2020},
author = {Stevens, JP and Brownell, JN and Freeman, AJ and Bashaw, H},
title = {COVID-19-associated Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Presenting as Acute Pancreatitis.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition},
volume = {71},
number = {5},
pages = {669-671},
doi = {10.1097/MPG.0000000000002860},
pmid = {33093376},
issn = {1536-4801},
abstract = {In April 2020, a newly recognized pediatric disorder associated with COVID-19 characterized by significant inflammation with symptoms resembling Kawasaki disease was described by medical teams in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Italy. Before these reports, data from the initial COVID-19 outbreaks in China had not found the virus to cause significant morbidity or mortality in children. To date, pancreatitis has not yet been reported in either acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in children or the subsequent inflammatory syndrome. We describe a patient who presented with acute pancreatitis before rapidly progressing to multisystem organ dysfunction consistent with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children due to COVID-19. Clinicians should be aware that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, pancreatitis can be an early presentation of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children.},
}
@article {pmid33093359,
year = {2020},
author = {Chow, JH and Khanna, AK and Kethireddy, S and Yamane, D and Levine, A and Jackson, AM and McCurdy, MT and Tabatabai, A and Kumar, G and Park, P and Benjenk, I and Menaker, J and Ahmed, N and Glidewell, E and Presutto, E and Cain, S and Haridasa, N and Field, W and Fowler, JG and Trinh, D and Johnson, KN and Kaur, A and Lee, A and Sebastian, K and Ulrich, A and Peña, S and Carpenter, R and Sudhakar, S and Uppal, P and Fedeles, BT and Sachs, A and Dahbour, L and Teeter, W and Tanaka, K and Galvagno, SM and Herr, DL and Scalea, TM and Mazzeffi, MA},
title = {Aspirin Use is Associated with Decreased Mechanical Ventilation, ICU Admission, and In-Hospital Mortality in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Anesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1213/ANE.0000000000005292},
pmid = {33093359},
issn = {1526-7598},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is associated with hypercoagulability and increased thrombotic risk in critically ill patients. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether aspirin use is associated with reduced risk of mechanical ventilation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and in-hospital mortality.<br><br>METHODS: A retrospective, observational cohort study of adult patients admitted with COVID-19 to multiple hospitals in the United States between March 2020 and July 2020 was performed. The primary outcome was the need for mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were ICU admission and in-hospital mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios for study outcomes were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models after adjustment for the effects of demographics and co-morbid conditions.<br><br>RESULTS: Four hundred twelve patients were included in the study. Three hundred fourteen patients (76.3%) did not receive aspirin, while 98 patients (23.7%) received aspirin within 24 hours of admission or 7 days prior to admission. Aspirin use had a crude association with less mechanical ventilation (35.7% aspirin vs. 48.4% non-aspirin, p=0.03) and ICU admission (38.8% aspirin vs. 51.0% non-aspirin, p=0.04), but no crude association with in-hospital mortality (26.5% aspirin vs. 23.2% non-aspirin, p=0.51). After adjusting for 8 confounding variables, aspirin use was independently associated with decreased risk of mechanical ventilation (adjusted HR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.85, p=0.007), ICU admission (adjusted HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.38-0.85, p=0.005), and in-hospital mortality (adjusted HR 0.53, 95% CI 0.31-0.90, p=0.02). There were no differences in major bleeding (p=0.69) or overt thrombosis (p=0.82) between aspirin users and non-aspirin users.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Aspirin use may be associated with improved outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. However, a sufficiently powered randomized controlled trial is needed to assess whether a causal relationship exists between aspirin use and reduced lung injury and mortality in COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid33093352,
year = {2020},
author = {Al Yazidi, LS and Al Rawas, A and Wali, Y},
title = {COVID-19 in Children With Cancers and Post-Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in Oman.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/MPH.0000000000001978},
pmid = {33093352},
issn = {1536-3678},
}
@article {pmid33093350,
year = {2020},
author = {Gurlek Gokcebay, D and Akcabelen, YM and Yarali, N and Ozbek, NY},
title = {A Survey of Parents on the Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Children Receiving Antileukemic Therapy.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/MPH.0000000000001969},
pmid = {33093350},
issn = {1536-3678},
}
@article {pmid33093345,
year = {2020},
author = {Dreifuerst, KT and Bradley, CS and Johnson, BK},
title = {Using Debriefing for Meaningful Learning With Screen-Based Simulation.},
journal = {Nurse educator},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/NNE.0000000000000930},
pmid = {33093345},
issn = {1538-9855},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has led to increased use of screen-based simulation. However, the importance of including a robust debriefing as a component of these simulations is often neglected.<br><br>PROBLEM: Failing to include debriefing with screen-based simulation could negatively impact student learning outcomes.<br><br>APPROACH: Debriefing, including recollection, discussion to reveal understanding, feedback and reflection, is a process of helping learners make sense of learned content and knowledge as it is applied to the patient care experience. Debriefing for Meaningful Learning (DML) is an evidence-based method derived from theory, which can be easily incorporated into screen-based simulation to augment the clinical learning experience.<br><br>CONCLUSION: By guiding learners to consistently engage in DML, clinical decisions and actions taken during virtual simulations can be uncovered, discussed, challenged, corrected, and explored. Including a synchronous, structured debriefing like DML ensures that screen-based simulation results in meaningful learning in addition to performance feedback to foster safe and quality patient care.},
}
@article {pmid33093343,
year = {2020},
author = {Manning, ML},
title = {Comparing the AIDS and COVID-19 Pandemics Using the 5B Documentary.},
journal = {Nurse educator},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/NNE.0000000000000927},
pmid = {33093343},
issn = {1538-9855},
}
@article {pmid33093279,
year = {2020},
author = {Caplan, M and Goutay, J and Bignon, A and Jaillette, E and Favory, R and Mathieu, D and Parmentier-Decrucq, E and Poissy, J and Duburcq, T and , },
title = {Almitrine Infusion in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single-Center Observational Study.},
journal = {Critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/CCM.0000000000004711},
pmid = {33093279},
issn = {1530-0293},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Treating acute respiratory failure in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 is challenging due to the lack of knowledge of the underlying pathophysiology. Hypoxemia may be explained in part by the loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. The present study assessed the effect of almitrine, a selective pulmonary vasoconstrictor, on arterial oxygenation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.<br><br>DESIGN: Single-center retrospective observational study.<br><br>SETTING: ICU of Lille Teaching Hospital, France, from February 27, 2020, to April 14, 2020.<br><br>PATIENTS: Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia confirmed by positive reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 and acute respiratory distress syndrome according to Berlin definition. Data focused on clinicobiological features, ventilator settings, therapeutics, outcomes, and almitrine-related adverse events.<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: Almitrine was considered in patients with severe hypoxemia (PaO2/FIO2 ratio < 150 mm Hg) in addition to the recommended therapies, at an hourly IV delivery of 10 μg/kg/min. Comparative blood gases were done before starting almitrine trial and immediately after the end of the infusion. A positive response to almitrine was defined by an increase of PaO2/FIO2 ratio greater than or equal to 20% at the end of the infusion.<br><br>MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 169 patients were enrolled. Thirty-two patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome received an almitrine infusion trial. In most cases, almitrine was infused in combination with inhaled nitric oxide (75%). Twenty-one patients (66%) were responders. The median PaO2/FIO2 ratio improvement was 39% (9-93%) and differs significantly between the responders and nonresponders (67% [39-131%] vs 6% [9-16%], respectively; p < 0.0001). The 28-day mortality rates were 47.6% and 63.6% (p = 0.39) for the responders and nonresponders, respectively. Hemodynamic parameters remained similar before and after the trial, not suggesting acute cor pulmonale.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Almitrine infusion improved oxygenation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome without adverse effects. In a multistep clinical approach to manage severe hypoxemia in this population, almitrine could be an interesting therapeutic option to counteract the loss of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and redistribute blood flow away from shunting zones.},
}
@article {pmid33093202,
year = {2020},
author = {Glasgow, A and Glasgow, J and Limonta, D and Solomon, P and Lui, I and Zhang, Y and Nix, MA and Rettko, NJ and Zha, S and Yamin, R and Kao, K and Rosenberg, OS and Ravetch, JV and Wiita, AP and Leung, KK and Lim, SA and Zhou, XX and Hobman, TC and Kortemme, T and Wells, JA},
title = {Engineered ACE2 receptor traps potently neutralize SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2016093117},
pmid = {33093202},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {An essential mechanism for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection begins with the viral spike protein binding to the human receptor protein angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2). Here, we describe a stepwise engineering approach to generate a set of affinity optimized, enzymatically inactivated ACE2 variants that potently block SARS-CoV-2 infection of cells. These optimized receptor traps tightly bind the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein and prevent entry into host cells. We first computationally designed the ACE2-RBD interface using a two-stage flexible protein backbone design process that improved affinity for the RBD by up to 12-fold. These designed receptor variants were affinity matured an additional 14-fold by random mutagenesis and selection using yeast surface display. The highest-affinity variant contained seven amino acid changes and bound to the RBD 170-fold more tightly than wild-type ACE2. With the addition of the natural ACE2 collectrin domain and fusion to a human immunoglobulin crystallizable fragment (Fc) domain for increased stabilization and avidity, the most optimal ACE2 receptor traps neutralized SARS-CoV-2-pseudotyped lentivirus and authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) in the 10- to 100-ng/mL range. Engineered ACE2 receptor traps offer a promising route to fighting infections by SARS-CoV-2 and other ACE2-using coronaviruses, with the key advantage that viral resistance would also likely impair viral entry. Moreover, such traps can be predesigned for viruses with known entry receptors for faster therapeutic response without the need for neutralizing antibodies isolated from convalescent patients.},
}
@article {pmid33093198,
year = {2020},
author = {Seitz, BM and Aktipis, A and Buss, DM and Alcock, J and Bloom, P and Gelfand, M and Harris, S and Lieberman, D and Horowitz, BN and Pinker, S and Wilson, DS and Haselton, MG},
title = {The pandemic exposes human nature: 10 evolutionary insights.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33093198},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {Humans and viruses have been coevolving for millennia. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19) has been particularly successful in evading our evolved defenses. The outcome has been tragic-across the globe, millions have been sickened and hundreds of thousands have died. Moreover, the quarantine has radically changed the structure of our lives, with devastating social and economic consequences that are likely to unfold for years. An evolutionary perspective can help us understand the progression and consequences of the pandemic. Here, a diverse group of scientists, with expertise from evolutionary medicine to cultural evolution, provide insights about the pandemic and its aftermath. At the most granular level, we consider how viruses might affect social behavior, and how quarantine, ironically, could make us susceptible to other maladies, due to a lack of microbial exposure. At the psychological level, we describe the ways in which the pandemic can affect mating behavior, cooperation (or the lack thereof), and gender norms, and how we can use disgust to better activate native &quot;behavioral immunity&quot; to combat disease spread. At the cultural level, we describe shifting cultural norms and how we might harness them to better combat disease and the negative social consequences of the pandemic. These insights can be used to craft solutions to problems produced by the pandemic and to lay the groundwork for a scientific agenda to capture and understand what has become, in effect, a worldwide social experiment.},
}
@article {pmid33093197,
year = {2020},
author = {Deckert, V and Deckert-Gaudig, T and Cialla-May, D and Popp, J and Zell, R and Deinhard-Emmer, S and Sokolov, AV and Yi, Z and Scully, MO},
title = {Laser spectroscopic technique for direct identification of a single virus I: FASTER CARS.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2013169117},
pmid = {33093197},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {From the famous 1918 H1N1 influenza to the present COVID-19 pandemic, the need for improved viral detection techniques is all too apparent. The aim of the present paper is to show that identification of individual virus particles in clinical sample materials quickly and reliably is near at hand. First of all, our team has developed techniques for identification of virions based on a modular atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques with enhanced resolution via coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FASTER CARS) using tip-enhanced techniques markedly improves the sensitivity [M. O. Scully, et al, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99, 10994-11001 (2002)].},
}
@article {pmid33093141,
year = {2020},
author = {Curtis, M and Bhumbra, S and Felker, MV and Jordan, BL and Kim, J and Weber, M and Friedman, ML},
title = {Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a Child With COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-015115},
pmid = {33093141},
issn = {1098-4275},
}
@article {pmid33093131,
year = {2020},
author = {Agarwal, S and Conway, J and Nguyen, V and Dogra, S and Krieger, P and Zagzag, D and Lewis, A and Melmed, K and Galetta, S and Jain, R},
title = {Serial Imaging of Virus-Associated Necrotizing Disseminated Acute Leukoencephalopathy (VANDAL) in COVID-19.},
journal = {AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3174/ajnr.A6898},
pmid = {33093131},
issn = {1936-959X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Various patterns of leukoencephalopathy have been described in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this article, we aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features of acute disseminated leukoencephalopathy in critically ill patients with COVID-19 and the imaging evolution during a short-term follow-up.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified and reviewed the clinical data, laboratory results, imaging findings, and outcomes for 8 critically ill patients with COVID-19 with acute disseminated leukoencephalopathy.<br><br>RESULTS: All patients demonstrated multiple areas of white matter changes in both cerebral hemispheres; 87.5% (7/8) of patients had a posterior predilection. Four patients (50%) had short-term follow-up imaging within a median of 17 days after the first MR imaging; they developed brain atrophy, and their white matter lesions evolved into necrotizing cystic cavitations. All (8/8) patients had inflammatory cytokine release syndrome as demonstrated by elevated interleukin-6, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and ferritin levels. Most (7/8; 87.5%) patients were on prolonged ventilator support (median, 44.5 days; interquartile range, 20.5 days). These patients had poor functional outcomes (6/8 [75%] patients were discharged with mRS 5) and high mortality (2/8, 25%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 can develop acute disseminated leukoencephalopathy that evolves into cystic degeneration of white matter lesions with brain atrophy during a short period, which we dubbed virus-associated necrotizing disseminated acute leukoencephalopathy. This may be the result of COVID-19-related endothelial injury, cytokine storm, or thrombotic microangiopathy.},
}
@article {pmid33093125,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, N and Ish, P and Gupta, A and Malhotra, N and Caminero, JA and Singla, R and Kumar, R and Yadav, SR and Dev, N and Agrawal, S and Kohli, S and Sen, MK and Chakrabarti, S and Gupta, NK},
title = {A profile of a retrospective cohort of 22 patients of COVID-19 with active/treated tuberculosis.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.03408-2020},
pmid = {33093125},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid33093115,
year = {2020},
author = {Hanon, S and Brusselle, G and Deschampheleire, M and Louis, R and Michils, A and Peché, R and Pilette, C and Rummens, P and Schuermans, D and Simonis, H and Vandenplas, O and Schleich, F},
title = {COVID-19 and biologics in severe asthma: data from the Belgian Severe Asthma Registry.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02857-2020},
pmid = {33093115},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid33093098,
year = {2020},
author = {Lee, EC and Wada, NI and Grabowski, MK and Gurley, ES and Lessler, J},
title = {The engines of SARS-CoV-2 spread.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {370},
number = {6515},
pages = {406-407},
doi = {10.1126/science.abd8755},
pmid = {33093098},
issn = {1095-9203},
}
@article {pmid33093097,
year = {2020},
author = {Beck, DB and Aksentijevich, I},
title = {Susceptibility to severe COVID-19.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {370},
number = {6515},
pages = {404-405},
doi = {10.1126/science.abe7591},
pmid = {33093097},
issn = {1095-9203},
}
@article {pmid33093069,
year = {2020},
author = {Maurano, MT and Ramaswami, S and Zappile, P and Dimartino, D and Boytard, L and Ribeiro-Dos-Santos, AM and Vulpescu, NA and Westby, G and Shen, G and Feng, X and Hogan, MS and Ragonnet-Cronin, M and Geidelberg, L and Marier, C and Meyn, P and Zhang, Y and Cadley, JA and Ordoñez, R and Luther, R and Huang, E and Guzman, E and Arguelles-Grande, C and Argyropoulos, KV and Black, M and Serrano, A and Call, ME and Kim, MJ and Belovarac, B and Gindin, T and Lytle, A and Pinnell, J and Vougiouklakis, T and Chen, J and Lin, LH and Rapkiewicz, A and Raabe, V and Samanovic, MI and Jour, G and Osman, I and Aguero-Rosenfeld, M and Mulligan, MJ and Volz, EM and Cotzia, P and Snuderl, M and Heguy, A},
title = {Sequencing identifies multiple early introductions of SARS-CoV-2 to the New York City Region.},
journal = {Genome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/gr.266676.120},
pmid = {33093069},
issn = {1549-5469},
abstract = {Effective public response to a pandemic relies upon accurate measurement of the extent and dynamics of an outbreak. Viral genome sequencing has emerged as a powerful approach to link seemingly unrelated cases, and large-scale sequencing surveillance can inform on critical epi-demiological parameters. Here, we report the analysis of 864 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from cases in the New York City metropolitan area during the COVID-19 outbreak in Spring 2020. The majority of cases had no recent travel history or known exposure, and genetically linked cases were spread throughout the region. Comparison to global viral sequences showed that early transmission was most linked to cases from Europe. Our data are consistent with numerous seeds from multiple sources and a prolonged period of unrecognized community spreading. This work highlights the complementary role of genomic surveillance in addition to traditional epidemiological indicators.},
}
@article {pmid33093065,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahase, E},
title = {Covid-19: Vaccine trials need more transparency to enable scrutiny and earn public trust, say experts.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4042},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4042},
pmid = {33093065},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33093064,
year = {2020},
author = {Tanne, JH},
title = {Covid 19: Patients have many more complications than flu patients, finds US study.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4106},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4106},
pmid = {33093064},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33093063,
year = {2020},
author = {Iacobucci, G},
title = {Covid-19: Increased risk among ethnic minorities is largely due to poverty and social disparities, review finds.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4099},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4099},
pmid = {33093063},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33093056,
year = {2020},
author = {Agarwal, A and Mukherjee, A and Kumar, G and Chatterjee, P and Bhatnagar, T and Malhotra, P and , },
title = {Convalescent plasma in the management of moderate covid-19 in adults in India: open label phase II multicentre randomised controlled trial (PLACID Trial).},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m3939},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3939},
pmid = {33093056},
issn = {1756-1833},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of using convalescent plasma to treat moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) in adults in India.<br><br>DESIGN: Open label, parallel arm, phase II, multicentre, randomised controlled trial.<br><br>SETTING: 39 public and private hospitals across India.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: 464 adults (≥18 years) admitted to hospital (screened 22 April to 14 July 2020) with confirmed moderate covid-19 (partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) ratio between 200 mm Hg and 300 mm Hg or a respiratory rate of more than 24/min with oxygen saturation 93% or less on room air): 235 were assigned to convalescent plasma with best standard of care (intervention arm) and 229 to best standard of care only (control arm).<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: Participants in the intervention arm received two doses of 200 mL convalescent plasma, transfused 24 hours apart. The presence and levels of neutralising antibodies were not measured a priori; stored samples were assayed at the end of the study.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Composite of progression to severe disease (PaO2/FiO2 <100 mm Hg) or all cause mortality at 28 days post-enrolment.<br><br>RESULTS: Progression to severe disease or all cause mortality at 28 days after enrolment occurred in 44 (19%) participants in the intervention arm and 41 (18%) in the control arm (risk difference 0.008 (95% confidence interval -0.062 to 0.078); risk ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.71 to 1.54).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Convalescent plasma was not associated with a reduction in progression to severe covid-19 or all cause mortality. This trial has high generalisability and approximates convalescent plasma use in real life settings with limited laboratory capacity. A priori measurement of neutralising antibody titres in donors and participants might further clarify the role of convalescent plasma in the management of covid-19.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical Trial Registry of India CTRI/2020/04/024775.},
}
@article {pmid33093050,
year = {2020},
author = {Velasco, JM and Chinnawirotpisan, P and Joonlasak, K and Manasatienkij, W and Huang, A and Valderama, MT and Diones, PC and Leonardia, S and Timbol, ML and Navarro, FC and Villa, V and Tabinas, H and Chua, D and Fernandez, S and Jones, A and Klungthong, C},
title = {Coding-Complete Genome Sequences of 23 SARS-CoV-2 Samples from the Philippines.},
journal = {Microbiology resource announcements},
volume = {9},
number = {43},
pages = {},
pmid = {33093050},
issn = {2576-098X},
abstract = {Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequences of 23 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) samples from the Philippines. Sequences were obtained from nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-positive patients. Mutation analysis showed the presence of the D614G mutation in the spike protein in 22 of 23 genomes.},
}
@article {pmid33093040,
year = {2020},
author = {Moreau, C and Shankar, M and Glasier, A and Cameron, S and Gemzell-Danielsson, K},
title = {Abortion regulation in Europe in the era of COVID-19: a spectrum of policy responses.},
journal = {BMJ sexual &amp; reproductive health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200724},
pmid = {33093040},
issn = {2515-2009},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Unprecedented public health actions restricting movement and non-COVID related health services are likely to have affected abortion care during the pandemic in Europe. In the absence of a common approach to ensure access to this essential health service, we sought to describe the variability of abortion policies during the outbreak in Europe in order to identify strategies that improve availability and access to abortion in times of public health crises.<br><br>METHODS: We collected information from 46 countries/regions: 31 for which country-experts completed a survey and 15 for which we conducted a desk review. We describe abortion regulations and changes to regulations and practice during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: During COVID-19, abortions were banned in six countries and suspended in one. Surgical abortion was less available due to COVID-19 in 12 countries/regions and services were not available or delayed for women with COVID-19 symptoms in eleven. No country expanded its gestational limit for abortion. Changes during COVID-19, mostly designed to reduce in-person consultations, occurred in 13 countries/regions. Altogether eight countries/regions provided home medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol beyond 9 weeks (from 9 weeks+6 days to 11 weeks+6 days) and 13 countries/regions up to 9 weeks (in some instances only misoprostol could be taken at home). Only six countries/regions offered abortion by telemedicine.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The lack of a unified policy response to COVID-19 restrictions has widened inequities in abortion access in Europe, but some innovations including telemedicine deployed during the outbreak could serve as a catalyst to ensure continuity and equity of abortion care.},
}
@article {pmid33093038,
year = {2020},
author = {Regmi, K and Lwin, CM},
title = {Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions for reducing transmission of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {e041383},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041383},
pmid = {33093038},
issn = {2044-6055},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Implementing non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) protect the public from COVID-19. However, the impact of NPIs has been inconsistent and remains unclear. This study, therefore, aims to measure the impact of major NPIs (social distancing, social isolation and quarantine) on reducing COVID-19 transmission.<br><br>METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis research of both randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. We will undertake a systematic search of: MEDLINE, Embase, Allied &amp; Complementary Medicine, COVID-19 Research, WHO database on COVID-19, ClinicalTrails.Gov for clinical trials on COVID-19, Cochrane Resources on Coronavirus (COVID-19), Oxford COVID-19 Evidence Service and Google Scholar for published and unpublished literatures on COVID-19 including preprint engines such as medRxiv, bioRxiv, Litcovid and SSRN for unpublished studies on COVID-19 and will be reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. Outcomes of interest for impact analysis will include the reduction of COVID-19 transmission, avoiding crowds and restricting movement, isolating ill and psychological impacts. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols checklist has been used for this protocol. For quality of included studies, we will use the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias for randomised controlled trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach will grade the certainty of the evidence for all outcome measures across studies. Random-effects model for meta-analysis will measure the effect size of NPIs or the strengths of relationships. For quantitative data, risk ratio or OR, absolute risk difference (for dichotomous outcome data), or mean difference or standardised mean difference (for continuous data) and their 95% CIs will be calculated. Where statistical pooling is not possible, a narrative synthesis will be conducted for the included studies. To assess the heterogeneity of effects, I2 together with the observed effects will be evaluated to provide the true effects in the analysis.<br><br>ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Formal ethical approval from an institutional review board or research ethics committee is not required as primary data will not be collected. The final results of this study will be published in an open-access peer-reviewed journal, and abstract will be presented at suitable national/international conferences or workshops. We will also share important information with public health authorities as well as with the WHO. In addition, we may post the submitted manuscript under review to medRxiv, or other relevant preprint servers.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020207338.},
}
@article {pmid33093033,
year = {2020},
author = {Saadatian-Elahi, M and Picot, V and Hénaff, L and Pradel, FK and Escuret, V and Dananché, C and Elias, C and Endtz, HP and Vanhems, P},
title = {Protocol for a prospective, observational, hospital-based multicentre study of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission: NOSO-COR Project.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {10},
number = {10},
pages = {e039088},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039088},
pmid = {33093033},
issn = {2044-6055},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The newly identified SARS-CoV-2 can cause serious acute respiratory infections such as pneumonia. In France, mortality rate in the general population was approximately 10% and could reach higher levels at the hospital. In the current context of high incidence rates of SARS-CoV-2 in the community, a significant increase in the rate of nosocomial transmission is expected. The risk of nosocomial transmission could even be higher in low-income countries that have fragile healthcare systems. This protocol is intended to estimate the prevalence and incidence of suspected or confirmed cases of nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infection, the clinical spectrum and the determinants (risk factors/protective) at participating hospitals.<br><br>METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This will be an international multicentre prospective, observational, hospital-based study in adults and children. It will include volunteer patients and healthcare professionals in France and hospitals affiliated with the GABRIEL network. Demographic and clinical data will be collected using case report forms designed especially for the purpose of the project. A nasopharyngeal swab will be collected and tested for SARS-CoV-2 by reverse-transcriptase PCR. Characteristics of the study participants, the proportion of confirmed nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 infections relative to all patients with syndromes suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection, will be analysed. Appropriate multivariate modelling will be used to identify the determinants associated with nosocomial onset.<br><br>ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was approved by the clinical research and committee of all participating countries. The findings will be submitted to peer-reviewed journal for publication and shared with national health authorities.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04290780.},
}
@article {pmid33093026,
year = {2020},
author = {Kociolek, LK and Muller, WJ and Yee, R and Dien Bard, J and Brown, CA and Revell, P and Wardell, H and Savage, TJ and Jung, S and Dominguez, S and Parikh, BA and Jerris, RC and Kehl, SC and Campigotto, A and Bender, JM and Zheng, X and Muscat, E and Linam, M and Abuogi, L and Smith, C and Graff, K and Hernandez-Leyva, A and Williams, D and Pollock, NR},
title = {Comparison of upper respiratory viral load distributions in asymptomatic and symptomatic children diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric hospital testing programs.},
journal = {Journal of clinical microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1128/JCM.02593-20},
pmid = {33093026},
issn = {1098-660X},
abstract = {The distribution of upper respiratory viral loads (VL) in asymptomatic children infected with SARS-CoV-2 is unknown. We assessed PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values and estimated VL in infected asymptomatic children diagnosed in nine pediatric hospital testing programs. Records for asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with positive clinical SARS-CoV-2 tests were reviewed. Ct values were adjusted by centering each value around the institutional median Ct value from symptomatic children tested with that assay, and converted to estimated VL (copies/mL) using internal or manufacturer data.Adjusted Ct values and estimated VL for asymptomatic versus symptomatic children (118 vs. 197 ages 0-4; 79 vs 97 ages 5-9; 69 vs 75 ages 10-13; 73 vs 109 ages 14-17) were compared. The median adjusted Ct value in asymptomatic children was 10.3 cycles higher than for symptomatic children (p< 0.0001), and VL 3-4 logs lower (p<0.0001); differences were consistent (p<0.0001) across all four age brackets. These differences were consistent across all institutions and by sex, ethnicity, and race. Asymptomatic children with diabetes (OR 6.5, p = 0.01), recent contact (OR 2.3, p = 0.02), and testing for surveillance (OR 2.7, p = 0.005) had higher estimated risk of having a Ct value in the lowest quartile than children without, while immunocompromise had no effect.Children with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection had lower levels of virus in the nasopharynx/oropharynx than symptomatic children, but timing of infection relative to diagnosis likely impacted levels in asymptomatic children. Caution is recommended when choosing diagnostic tests for screening of asymptomatic children.},
}
@article {pmid33093025,
year = {2020},
author = {Pathak, EB},
title = {Convalescent plasma is ineffective for covid-19.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4072},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4072},
pmid = {33093025},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33093021,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Correction: Oncological care organisation during COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {ESMO open},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/esmoopen-2020-000853corr1},
pmid = {33093021},
issn = {2059-7029},
}
@article {pmid33093016,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahase, E},
title = {Covid-19: Human challenge studies will see people purposefully infected with virus.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {371},
number = {},
pages = {m4101},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m4101},
pmid = {33093016},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid33092998,
year = {2020},
author = {Hariyanto, TI and Prasetya, IB and Kurniawan, A},
title = {Proton pump inhibitor use is associated with increased risk of severity and mortality from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection.},
journal = {Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2020.10.001},
pmid = {33092998},
issn = {1878-3562},
}
@article {pmid33092997,
year = {2020},
author = {Rolnik, DL and Korman, TM and Rindt, A and Stuart, RL and Giles, ML and Rawlins, J and Palmer, KR and Stripp, A and Wallace, EM and Hodges, RJ},
title = {Coronavirus testing in women attending antenatal care.},
journal = {Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.wombi.2020.09.024},
pmid = {33092997},
issn = {1878-1799},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Universal screening has been proposed as a strategy to identify asymptomatic individuals infected with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigate transmission.<br><br>AIM: To investigate the rate of positive tests among pregnant women in Melbourne, Australia.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional prevalence study at three maternity hospitals (one tertiary referral hospital and two secondary maternities) in Melbourne, Australia. SARS-CoV-2 testing was offered to all pregnant women attending face-to-face antenatal visits and to those attending the hospital with symptoms of possible coronavirus disease, between 6th and 19th of May 2020. Testing was performed by multiplex-tandem polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swabs. The primary outcome was the proportion of positive SARS-CoV-2 tests.<br><br>FINDINGS: SARS-CoV-2 testing was performed in 350 women, of whom 19 had symptoms of possible COVID-19. The median maternal age was 32 years (IQR 28-35 years), and the median gestational age at testing was 33 weeks and four days (IQR 28 weeks to 36 weeks and two days). All 350 tests returned negative results (p̂=0%, 95% CI 0-0.86%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: In a two-week period of low disease prevalence, the rate of asymptomatic coronavirus infection among pregnant women in Australia during the study period was negligible, reflecting low levels of community transmission.},
}
@article {pmid33092995,
year = {2020},
author = {Zervides, C and Sassi, M and Kefala-Karli, P and Sassis, L},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on radiographers in the Republic of Cyprus. A questionnaire survey.},
journal = {Radiography (London, England : 1995)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.radi.2020.10.004},
pmid = {33092995},
issn = {1532-2831},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Imaging is essential for the initial diagnosis and monitoring of the novel coronavirus, which emerged in Wuhan, China. This study aims to assess the insight of radiographers on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected their work routine and if protective measures are applied.<br><br>METHOD: A prospective observational study was conducted among radiographers registered in the Cyprus Society of Registered Radiologic Technologists &amp; Radiation Therapy Technologists. A questionnaire composed of 28 multiple choice questions was utilised, and the data analysis was performed using SPSS software with the statistical significance assumed as p-value < 0.05.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 350 registered radiographers, 101 responses were received. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences regarding the working hours, the feeling of stress, the work effectiveness, the average examination time, the presence of a protocol used among the different workplaces of the participants; a private radiology centre, a private hospital or a public hospital, with a p-value 0.0022, 0.015, 0.027, 0.001, 0.0001 respectively. Also, statistically significant differences were observed in the decontamination methods used for equipment (p-value 0.007), for air (p-value 0.04) and when decontamination takes place (p-value 0.00032) among the different workplaces of the participants. Nonetheless, the majority of radiographers believe that their workplace is sufficiently provided with PPE, cleaning supplies, equipment, and with cleaning personnel and are optimistic regarding the adequacy of these provisions in the next three months.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study showed that in the Republic of Cyprus, there are protocols regarding protective measures against COVID-19, and the radiographers are adequately trained on how to face an infectious disease outbreak. However, work is needed in order to develop protocols that reassure the safety of patients and medical personnel while managing the excess workload effectively.<br><br>IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study indicates the importance of applying protective measures and protocols in the radiology departments in order to minimise the spread of the virus.},
}
@article {pmid33092992,
year = {2020},
author = {John-Henderson, NA},
title = {Childhood trauma as a predictor of changes in sleep quality in American Indian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Sleep health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.sleh.2020.09.001},
pmid = {33092992},
issn = {2352-7226},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early life adversity associates with poor sleep in adulthood and is believed to sensitize individuals to later stressors. Infectious disease outbreaks increase psychological stress, and life events impact sleep quality. American Indians have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Investigate whether childhood trauma predicts changes in sleep quality following onset of the pandemic and test whether pandemic stress contributes to changes in sleep.<br><br>METHODS: In a sample of 210 American Indian adults (Age M(SD) = 55.09(13.10), 59.5% female) demographics, childhood trauma and sleep quality were measured at Time 1. One month following the onset of the pandemic, psychological stress specific to the pandemic and sleep quality were measured.<br><br>RESULTS: Using linear regression controlling for age, sex, income, and sleep quality at Time 1, childhood adversity predicted both psychological stress specific to the pandemic and changes in sleep quality from Time 1 to Time 2 (β = 0.33, t(205) = 4.88, P < .001, ΔR2 = 0.10) and (β = 0.24, t(204) = 3.48, P < .001, ΔR2 = 0.05), respectively. Mediation analyses indicated a significant indirect effect between childhood adversity and changes in sleep quality through COVID-19 stress (indirect effect (standard error, SE) = (0.03(0.01), 95% confidence interval = [0.003, 0.03]).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In American Indians childhood trauma predicts greater declines in sleep quality associated with the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in part because greater psychological stress related to COVID-19. Future work should identify factors which alleviate stress related to life events for individuals who experienced childhood trauma in order to improve health behaviors and health.},
}
@article {pmid33092971,
year = {2020},
author = {Bradley, K and Constantine, T and Morel, B and Waggy, C and O'Bryon, S and Barnard, K and Callaway, D},
title = {Implementation of Drive-Through Testing for COVID-19 Using an External Emergency Department Triage.},
journal = {The Journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jemermed.2020.09.037},
pmid = {33092971},
issn = {0736-4679},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare systems in many regions of the country were being overwhelmed by large numbers of patients needing care. In this paper, we discuss use of an external emergency department (ED) site by a hospital system based in Charlotte, North Carolina to address concerns of a local surge similar to those seen around the country.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate how expansion of ED facilities can increase efficiency of care for patients while also improving safety for clinicians, staff, and non-infected patients.<br><br>METHODS: We describe development and implementation of our external ED drive-through testing sites during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from three external ED sites in the Atrium Health system between March 15th and April 15th, 2020. Patients were included if they were seen at one of the sites and tested for COVID-19. There were no exclusion criteria. We analyzed the data to identify any differences in patient demographics between sites.<br><br>RESULTS: We saw 580 patients across the three sites, 302 of whom met criteria for COVID-19 testing. The majority of patients tested were Caucasian females. The majority who tested positive, however, were males. Thirteen patients were redirected into the hospital ED for further medical evaluation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: External expansion of the ED is an important strategy that can allow hospitals to accommodate potentially infectious patients while maintaining appropriate isolation and rapid throughput. Proper implementation of the right system to meet hospital-specific needs can prove effective for the healthcare system.},
}
@article {pmid33092952,
year = {2020},
author = {Benfaremo, D and Perini, L and Marconi, V and Luchetti, MM and Gabrielli, A},
title = {Disease course in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases: insights on the safety of immunosuppression during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy.},
journal = {European journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2020.10.010},
pmid = {33092952},
issn = {1879-0828},
}
@article {pmid33092950,
year = {2020},
author = {Tabah, A and Ramanan, M and Laupland, KB and Buetti, N and Cortegiani, A and Mellinghoff, J and Conway Morris, A and Camporota, L and Zappella, N and Elhadi, M and Povoa, P and Amrein, K and Vidal, G and Derde, L and Francois, G and Bassetti, M and Ssi Yan Kai, N and De Waele, JJ and , },
title = {Corrigendum to &quot;Personal protective equipment and intensive care unit healthcare worker safety in the COVID-19 Era (PPE-SAFE): An international survey&quot; [Journal of Critical Care, Volume 59, October 2020, Pages 70-75].},
journal = {Journal of critical care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.10.010},
pmid = {33092950},
issn = {1557-8615},
}
@article {pmid33092936,
year = {2020},
author = {Varon, A and Varon, DS and Varon, J},
title = {Traditional chinese medicine and COVID-19: should emergency practitioners use it?.},
journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.076},
pmid = {33092936},
issn = {1532-8171},
}
@article {pmid33092932,
year = {2020},
author = {Mandal, AKJ and Kho, J and Ioannou, A and Van den Abbeele, K and Missouris, CG},
title = {Covid-19 and in situ pulmonary artery thrombosis.},
journal = {Respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106176},
doi = {10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106176},
pmid = {33092932},
issn = {1532-3064},
}
@article {pmid33092925,
year = {2020},
author = {Yu, Z and Kan, R and Ji, H and Wu, S and Zhao, W and Shuian, D and Liu, J and Li, J},
title = {Identification of tuna protein-derived peptides as potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors via molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {128366},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128366},
pmid = {33092925},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {The present study aimed to identify potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory peptides from tuna protein by virtual screening. The molecular docking was performed to elicit the interaction mechanism between targets (Mpro and ACE2) and peptides. As a result, a potential antiviral peptide EEAGGATAAQIEM (E-M) was identified. Molecular docking analysis revealed that E-M could interact with residues Thr190, Thr25, Thr26, Ala191, Leu50, Met165, Gln189, Glu166, His164, His41, Cys145, Gly143, and Asn119 of Mpro via 11 conventional hydrogen bonds, 9 carbon hydrogen bonds, and one alkyl interaction. The formation of hydrogen bonds between peptide E-M and the residues Gly143 and Gln189 of Mpro may play important roles in inhibiting the activity of Mpro. Besides, E-M could bind with the residues His34, Phe28, Thr27, Ala36, Asp355, Glu37, Gln24, Ser19, Tyr83, and Tyr41 of ACE2. Hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions may play vital roles in blocking the receptor ACE2 binding with SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33092845,
year = {2020},
author = {Rodrigues, M and Gelabert, PJ and Ameztegui, A and Coll, L and Vega-García, C},
title = {Has COVID-19 halted winter-spring wildfires in the Mediterranean? Insights for wildfire science under a pandemic context.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142793},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142793},
pmid = {33092845},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Wildfires in the Mediterranean are strongly tied to human activities. Given their particular link with humans, which act as both initiators and suppressors, wildfire hazard is highly sensitive to socioeconomic changes and patterns. Many researchers have prompted the perils of sustaining the current management policy, the so-called 'total fire exclusion'. This policy, coupled to increasingly fire-prone weather conditions, may lead to more hazardous fires in the mid-long run. Under this framework, the irruption of the COVID-19 pandemic adds to the ongoing situation. Facing the lack of an effective treatment, the only alternative was the implementation of strict lockdown strategies. The virtual halt of the system undoubtedly affected economic and social behavior, triggering cascading effects such as the drop in winter-spring wildfire activity. In this work, we discuss the main impacts, challenges and consequences that wildfire science may experience due to the pandemic situation, and identify potential opportunities for wildfire management. We investigate the recent evolution of burned area (retrieved from the MCD64A1 v006 MODIS product) in the EU Mediterranean region (Portugal, Spain, France, Italy and Greece) to ascertain to what extent the 2020 winter-spring season was impacted by the public health response to COVID-19 (curfews and lockdowns). We accounted for weather conditions (characterized using the 6-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index; SPEI6) to disregard possible weather effects mediating fire activity. Our results suggest that, under similar drought-related circumstances (SPEI6 ≈ -0.7), the expected burned area in 2020 during the lockdown period in the EU (March-May) would lay somewhere within the range of 38,800 ha ± 18,379 ha. Instead, the affected area stands one order of magnitude below average (3325 ha). This stresses the need of considering the social dimension in the analysis of current and future wildfire impacts in the Mediterranean region.},
}
@article {pmid33092831,
year = {2020},
author = {Mohapatra, S and Menon, NG and Mohapatra, G and Pisharody, L and Pattnaik, A and Menon, NG and Bhukya, PL and Srivastava, M and Singh, M and Barman, MK and Gin, KY and Mukherji, S},
title = {The novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Possible environmental transmission, detection, persistence and fate during wastewater and water treatment.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {142746},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142746},
pmid = {33092831},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19 disease, has infected over 27 million people across the globe within a few months. While literature on SARS-CoV-2 indicates that its transmission may occur predominantly via aerosolization of virus-laden droplets, the possibility of alternate routes of transmission and/or reinfection via the environment requires considerable scientific attention. This review aims to collate information on possible transmission routes of this virus, to ascertain its fate in the environment. Concomitant with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA in faeces and saliva of infected patients, studies also indicated its occurrence in raw wastewater, primary sludge and river water. Therefore sewerage system could be a possible route of virus outbreak, a possible tool to assess viral community spread and future surveillance technique. Hence, this review looked into detection, occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 during primary, secondary, and tertiary wastewater and water treatment processes based on published literature on SARS-CoV and other enveloped viruses. The review also highlights the need for focused research on occurrence and fate of SARS-CoV-2 in various environmental matrices. Utilization of this information in environmental transmission models developed for other enveloped and enteric viruses can facilitate risk assessment studies. Preliminary research efforts with SARS-CoV-2 and established scientific reports on other coronaviruses indicate that the threat of virus transmission from the aquatic environment may be currently non-existent. However, the presence of viral RNA in wastewater provides an early warning that highlights the need for effective sewage treatment to prevent a future outbreak of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33092816,
year = {2020},
author = {Tan, SS and Saw, S and Chew, KL and Huak, CY and Khoo, C and Pajarillaga, A and Wang, W and Tambyah, P and Ong, L and Jureen, R and Sethi, SK},
title = {Head-to-head evaluation on diagnostic accuracies of six SARS-CoV-2 serological assays.},
journal = {Pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pathol.2020.09.007},
pmid = {33092816},
issn = {1465-3931},
abstract = {In this study, we evaluated and compared six SARS-CoV-2 serology kits including the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, Beckman Access SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay, OCD Vitros OCD Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Total antibody assay, Roche Elecsys Anti SARS-CoV-2 assay, Siemens SARS-CoV-2 Total assay, and cPass surrogate viral neutralising antibody assay. A total of 336 non-duplicated residual serum samples that were obtained from COVID-19 confirmed patients (n=173) on PCR and negative controls (n=163) obtained pre-December 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic were used for the study. These were concurrently analysed on the different immunoassay platforms and correlated with clinical characteristics. Our results showed all assays had specificity ranging from 99.3% to 100.0%. Overall sensitivity across all days of symptoms, in descending order were OCD (49.1%, 95% CI 41.8-56.5%), cPass (44.8%, 95% CI 37.5-52.3%), Roche (41.6%, 95% CI 34.5-49.0%), Siemens (39.9%, 95% CI 32.9-47.3%), Abbott (39.8%, 95% CI 32.9-47.3%) and Beckman (39.6%, 95% CI 32.5-47.3%). Testing after at least 14 days from symptom onset is required to achieve AUCs greater than 0.80. OCD and cPass performed the best in terms of sensitivity for >21 days symptoms with 93.3% (95% CI, 73.5-99.2%) and 96.7% (95% CI, 82.8-99.9%), respectively. Both also shared the greatest concordance, kappa 0.963 (95% CI 0.885-1.0), p<0.001, and had the lowest false negative rates. Serology results should be interpreted with caution in certain cases. False negatives were observed in a small number of individuals with COVID-19 on immunosuppressive therapy, pauci-symptomatic or who received antiretroviral therapy. In conclusion, all assays exhibited excellent specificity and total antibody assays with spike protein configurations generally outperformed nucleocapsid configurations and IgG assays in terms of diagnostic sensitivity.},
}
@article {pmid33092787,
year = {2020},
author = {Platto, S and Zhou, J and Wang, Y and Wang, H and Carafoli, E},
title = {Biodiversity loss and COVID-19 pandemic: The role of bats in the origin and the spreading of the disease.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.028},
pmid = {33092787},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {The loss of biodiversity in the ecosystems has created the general conditions that have favored and, in fact, made possible, the insurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic. A lot of factors have contributed to it: deforestation, changes in forest habitats, poorly regulated agricultural surfaces, mismanaged urban growth. They have altered the composition of wildlife communities, greatly increased the contacts of humans with wildlife, and altered niches that harbor pathogens, increasing their chances to come in contact with humans. Among the wildlife, bats have adapted easily to anthropized environments such as houses, barns, cultivated fields, orchards, where they found the suitable ecosystem to prosper. Bats are major hosts for αCoV and βCoV: evolution has shaped their peculiar physiology and their immune system in a way that makes them resistant to viral pathogens that would instead successfully attack other species, including humans. In time, the coronaviruses that bats host as reservoirs have undergone recombination and other modifications that have increased their ability for inter-species transmission: one modification of particular importance has been the development of the ability to use ACE2 as a receptor in host cells. This particular development in CoVs has been responsible for the serious outbreaks in the last two decades, and for the present COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33092785,
year = {2020},
author = {Hekimian, G and Frere, C and Collet, JP},
title = {[COVID-19 and mechanical circulatory support].},
journal = {Annales de cardiologie et d'angeiologie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ancard.2020.10.004},
pmid = {33092785},
issn = {1768-3181},
abstract = {Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is mainly used as a rescue therapy in COVID-19 patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). More rarely, COVID-19 can be complicated by hemodynamic failure due to fulminant myocarditis or massive pulmonary embolism necessitating the implantation of venous-arterial ECMO. The management of ECMO during the COVID-19 pandemic is challenging due to some specificities related to the disease characteristics, such as the management of anticoagulation in patients with a hypercoagulable state and an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. In large retrospective cohorts, survival of ECMO-rescued COVID-19 patients with ADRS was reported to be similar to that reported in previous studies on ECMO support for severe ARDS. Full consideration of ECMO candidacy is crucial for appropriate allocation of resources.},
}
@article {pmid33092743,
year = {2020},
author = {Amat-Santos, IJ and Santos-Martinez, S and López-Otero, D and Delgado-Arana, JR and San Román, JA},
title = {Reply: ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers May Have Different Impact on Prognosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {2042},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.064},
pmid = {33092743},
issn = {1558-3597},
}
@article {pmid33092742,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, Y and Tse, G and Li, G and Lip, GYH and Liu, T},
title = {ACE Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers May Have Different Impact on Prognosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {2041},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.068},
pmid = {33092742},
issn = {1558-3597},
}
@article {pmid33092738,
year = {2020},
author = {Mechanick, JI and Rosenson, RS and Pinney, SP and Mancini, DM and Narula, J and Fuster, V},
title = {Coronavirus and Cardiometabolic Syndrome: JACC Focus Seminar.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {2024-2035},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.07.069},
pmid = {33092738},
issn = {1558-3597},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exposes unexpected cardiovascular vulnerabilities and the need to improve cardiometabolic health. Four cardiometabolic drivers-abnormal adiposity, dysglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension-are examined in the context of COVID-19. Specific recommendations are provided for lifestyle change, despite social distancing restrictions, and pharmacotherapy, particularly for those with diabetes. Inpatient recommendations emphasize diligent and exclusive use of insulin to avert hyperglycemia in the face of hypercytokinemia and potential islet cell injury. Continuation of statins is advised, but initiating statin therapy to treat COVID-19 is as yet unsubstantiated by the evidence. The central role of the renin-angiotensin system is discussed. Research, knowledge, and practice gaps are analyzed with the intent to motivate prompt action. An emerging model of COVID-related cardiometabolic syndrome encompassing events before, during the acute phase, and subsequently in the chronic phase is presented to guide preventive measures and improve overall cardiometabolic health so future viral pandemics confer less threat.},
}
@article {pmid33092737,
year = {2020},
author = {Giustino, G and Pinney, SP and Lala, A and Reddy, VY and Johnston-Cox, HA and Mechanick, JI and Halperin, JL and Fuster, V},
title = {Coronavirus and Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Injury, and Arrhythmia: JACC Focus Seminar.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {2011-2023},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.059},
pmid = {33092737},
issn = {1558-3597},
abstract = {The cardiovascular system is affected broadly by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Both direct viral infection and indirect injury resulting from inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvascular thrombosis occur in the context of coronavirus disease 2019. What determines the extent of cardiovascular injury is the amount of viral inoculum, the magnitude of the host immune response, and the presence of co-morbidities. Myocardial injury occurs in approximately one-quarter of hospitalized patients and is associated with a greater need for mechanical ventilator support and higher hospital mortality. The central pathophysiology underlying cardiovascular injury is the interplay between virus binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor and the impact this action has on the renin-angiotensin system, the body's innate immune response, and the vascular response to cytokine production. The purpose of this review was to describe the mechanisms underlying cardiovascular injury, including that of thromboembolic disease and arrhythmia, and to discuss their clinical sequelae.},
}
@article {pmid33092736,
year = {2020},
author = {Pinney, SP and Giustino, G and Halperin, JL and Mechanick, JI and Neibart, E and Olin, JW and Rosenson, RS and Fuster, V},
title = {Coronavirus Historical Perspective, Disease Mechanisms, and Clinical Outcomes: JACC Focus Seminar.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {1999-2010},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.058},
pmid = {33092736},
issn = {1558-3597},
abstract = {The emergence of a new coronavirus disease (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) has raised global concerns regarding the health and safety of a vulnerable population. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) incites a profound inflammatory response leading to tissue injury and organ failure. COVID-19 is characterized by the bidirectional relationship between inflammation and thrombosis. The clinical syndrome is propelled by inflammation producing acute lung injury, large-vessel thrombosis, and in situ microthrombi that may contribute to organ failure. Myocardial injury is common, but true myocarditis is rare. Elderly patients, those with established cardiovascular disease, and mechanically ventilated patients face the highest mortality risk. Therapies for COVID-19 are evolving. The antiviral drug remdesivir, dexamethasone, transfusion of convalescent plasma, and use of antithrombotic therapy are promising. Most require additional prospective studies. Although most patients recover, those who survive severe illness may experience persistent physical and psychological disabilities.},
}
@article {pmid33092733,
year = {2020},
author = {Pellikka, PA and Naqvi, TZ},
title = {The Right Ventricle: A Target in COVID-19 Cardiac Insult.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {1978-1981},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.529},
pmid = {33092733},
issn = {1558-3597},
}
@article {pmid33092732,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, J and Volodarskiy, A and Sultana, R and Pollie, MP and Yum, B and Nambiar, L and Tafreshi, R and Mitlak, HW and RoyChoudhury, A and Horn, EM and Hriljac, I and Narula, N and Kim, S and Ndhlovu, L and Goyal, P and Safford, MM and Shaw, L and Devereux, RB and Weinsaft, JW},
title = {Prognostic Utility of Right Ventricular Remodeling Over Conventional Risk Stratification in Patients With COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {1965-1977},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.08.066},
pmid = {33092732},
issn = {1558-3597},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a growing pandemic that confers augmented risk for right ventricular (RV) dysfunction and dilation; the prognostic utility of adverse RV remodeling in COVID-19 patients is uncertain.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to test whether adverse RV remodeling (dysfunction/dilation) predicts COVID-19 prognosis independent of clinical and biomarker risk stratification.<br><br>METHODS: Consecutive COVID-19 inpatients undergoing clinical transthoracic echocardiography at 3 New York City hospitals were studied; images were analyzed by a central core laboratory blinded to clinical and biomarker data.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 510 patients (age 64 ± 14 years, 66% men) were studied; RV dilation and dysfunction were present in 35% and 15%, respectively. RV dysfunction increased stepwise in relation to RV chamber size (p = 0.007). During inpatient follow-up (median 20 days), 77% of patients had a study-related endpoint (death 32%, discharge 45%). RV dysfunction (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49 to 4.43; p = 0.001) and dilation (HR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.96; p = 0.02) each independently conferred mortality risk. Patients without adverse RV remodeling were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (HR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.90; p = 0.041). RV indices provided additional risk stratification beyond biomarker strata; risk for death was greatest among patients with adverse RV remodeling and positive biomarkers and was lesser among patients with isolated biomarker elevations (p ≤ 0.001). In multivariate analysis, adverse RV remodeling conferred a >2-fold increase in mortality risk, which remained significant (p < 0.01) when controlling for age and biomarker elevations; the predictive value of adverse RV remodeling was similar irrespective of whether analyses were performed using troponin, D-dimer, or ferritin.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Adverse RV remodeling predicts mortality in COVID-19 independent of standard clinical and biomarker-based assessment.},
}
@article {pmid33092731,
year = {2020},
author = {Friedman, KG and Harrild, DM and Newburger, JW},
title = {Cardiac Dysfunction in Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Call to Action.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology},
volume = {76},
number = {17},
pages = {1962-1964},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.09.002},
pmid = {33092731},
issn = {1558-3597},
}
@article {pmid33092689,
year = {2020},
author = {Martins, TGDS},
title = {[Letter to the Editor Regarding Torres-Costa et al &quot;SARS-CoV-2 in Ophtalmology: Current Evidence and Recommendations for Clinical Practice&quot;].},
journal = {Acta medica portuguesa},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20344/amp.14855},
pmid = {33092689},
issn = {1646-0758},
}
@article {pmid33092688,
year = {2020},
author = {Coelho da Maia, ME and Dreer, M and Baggio, A and Marcon, CEM},
title = {[Lack of Personal Protective Equipment in Brazil].},
journal = {Acta medica portuguesa},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20344/amp.14948},
pmid = {33092688},
issn = {1646-0758},
}
@article {pmid33092683,
year = {2020},
author = {Garrett, AL},
title = {Adapting a Federal Disaster Medical Assistance Team to Operate during a Pandemic.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2020.405},
pmid = {33092683},
issn = {1938-744X},
abstract = {After Hurricane Laura struck the southeast coast of Louisiana in August 2020, the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response (ASPR), deployed several 35-person Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs) in response to requests for medical support at three hospital locations that had been severely damaged in the storm. This was the first natural disaster medical deployment for NDMS during the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the modifications to the standard operating procedures that were made at one site to reduce the risk of infection to our patients and NDMS responders, including changes to the physical layout of the tenting, and alterations to the triage and treatment process.},
}
@article {pmid33092681,
year = {2020},
author = {Tariq, S and Tariq, S and Baig, M and Saeed, M},
title = {Knowledge, awareness and practices regarding novel coronavirus among a sample of Pakistani population, a cross-sectional study.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2020.408},
pmid = {33092681},
issn = {1938-744X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding coronavirus in a sample of the general Pakistani population.<br><br>METHODS: This survey was carried out through The University of Faisalabad (TUF), Pakistan, between February 2020 to April 2020. The questionnaire was circulated on various online platforms to gather information. The data was analyzed on SPSS-22.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 2121 respondents [13.7% were male, and 86.3% were females], 7.4% were married, 4.5% had a high income, 5.8% had fewer family members. COVID-19 knowledge scores were significantly low in < 21 years age group as compared to 21 to 25 (p < 0.001) and >25 years age group (p < 0.001). The males, married community, high income people, few family members had significantly higher coronavirus knowledge than respective groups (p = 0.033; p = 0.001; p < 0.001; p = 0.042, respectively).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest knowledge score among our study population was not up to the mark. However, a positive correlation between the correct knowledge and appropriate attitude and practice was found among study participants. Older age groups and the group of high income were associated with adequate knowledge scores.},
}
@article {pmid33092676,
year = {2020},
author = {Guo, J and Xie, H and Wu, H},
title = {Preventive Measures for COVID-19 in Dental Treatments.},
journal = {Disaster medicine and public health preparedness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1017/dmp.2020.409},
pmid = {33092676},
issn = {1938-744X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 has spread to most countries around the world, infecting millions of people and resulting in the pandemic. This presents great challenges for dental professionals. It is necessary to explore preventive measures for COVID-19 in dental treatments.<br><br>METHODS: In this paper, we outline several measures designed to prevent COVID-19 in dental treatments, such as three-level pre-examination triage and two-body temperature tests, three-level protection for medical personnel, gargle before oral treatment, implement the four-hand operation, suctioning saliva during oral treatment, use a rubber dam, strict enforcement of hand hygiene. These measures include recommendations for medical staff and give practical advice for managing treatment.<br><br>RESULTS: The epidemic has been brought under control and routine oral examination and treatments have gradually been resumed from March 9, 2020, in Hunan province, China. From January 24, 2020, to March 8, 2020, a total of 4,272 patients received oral therapy during the COVID-19 epidemic in our hospital. We followed these guidelines during the COVID-19 epidemic and none of the clinical dental staff, other workers, or patients were infected with COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These preventive measures for COVID-19 in dental treatments can be used as a reference for oral clinics and stomatological hospitals.},
}
@article {pmid33092675,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, SX and Graf-Vlachy, L and Looi, KH and Su, R and Li, J},
title = {Social media use as a predictor of handwashing during a pandemic: Evidence from Covid-19 in Malaysia.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820002575},
pmid = {33092675},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid33092672,
year = {2020},
author = {Meiksin, A},
title = {Dynamics of COVID-19 transmission including indirect transmission mechanisms: a mathematical analysis.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-30},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820002563},
pmid = {33092672},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid33092665,
year = {2020},
author = {Larson, N and Slaughter-Acey, J and Alexander, T and Berge, J and Harnack, L and Neumark-Sztainer, D},
title = {Emerging Adults' Intersecting Experiences of Food Insecurity, Unsafe Neighborhoods, and Discrimination during the COVID-19 Outbreak.},
journal = {Public health nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-32},
doi = {10.1017/S136898002000422X},
pmid = {33092665},
issn = {1475-2727},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Examine how food insecurity is related to emerging adults' food behaviors and experiences of neighborhood safety and discrimination, and identify resources needed to support their health during the COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>DESIGN: Rapid-response, online survey. Participants completed the 6-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, a brief measure of food insufficiency, and measures of food behaviors, neighborhood safety, and discrimination. Open-ended questions were used to assess changes in eating behaviors during COVID-19 and needed resources.<br><br>SETTING: C-EAT (COVID-19 Eating and Activity over Time) study invitations were sent by email and text message to a longitudinal cohort.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: A total of 218 emerging adults (mean age=24.6±2.0 years, 70.2% female) completed a survey in April-May 2020 during a stay-at-home order in Minnesota.<br><br>RESULTS: The past year prevalence of food insecurity was 28.4%. Among food insecure respondents, 41.0% reported both eating less and experiencing hunger due to lack of money in the past month. Food insecure respondents were less likely than those who were food secure to have fruits/vegetables at home and more likely to have frequent fast-food restaurant meals, feel unsafe in their neighborhood, and experience discrimination during the stay-at-home order. Food insecure adults reported changes including eating more food prepared at home, eating more take-out restaurant meals, and purchasing more energy-dense snacks as a result of events related to COVID-19. Resources most needed to support their health included eligibility for more food assistance and relief funds.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Food insecure emerging adults experience many barriers to maintaining healthful eating patterns during COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33092664,
year = {2020},
author = {Zeng, L and Wang, S and Cai, J and Sun, S and Wang, S and Li, J and Sun, L},
title = {Clinical characteristics of covid-19 with cardiac injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-24},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820002587},
pmid = {33092664},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid33092661,
year = {2020},
author = {Chanda, A},
title = {COVID-19 in India: transmission dynamics, epidemiological characteristics, testing, recovery and effect of weather - Corrigendum.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {148},
number = {},
pages = {e243},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820002411},
pmid = {33092661},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid33092658,
year = {2020},
author = {Awais, SB and Martins, RS and Khan, MS},
title = {Paramedics in pandemics: protecting the mental wellness of those behind enemy lines.},
journal = {The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1192/bjp.2020.193},
pmid = {33092658},
issn = {1472-1465},
abstract = {Besides a global health crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic has potential to have a severe and long-lasting psychological impact on frontline healthcare workers such as paramedics. It is imperative to shed light on these mental health issues and employ interventions to protect the mental wellness of this vulnerable group of healthcare workers.},
}
@article {pmid33092653,
year = {2020},
author = {Hassaniazad, M and Inchehsablagh, BR and Kamali, H and Tousi, A and Eftekhar, E and Jaafari, MR and Fathalipour, M and Nikoofal-Sahlabadi, S and Gouklani, H and Alizade, H and Nikpoor, AR},
title = {The clinical effect of Nano micelles containing curcumin as a therapeutic supplement in patients with COVID-19 and the immune responses balance changes following treatment: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.},
journal = {Trials},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {876},
doi = {10.1186/s13063-020-04824-y},
pmid = {33092653},
issn = {1745-6215},
support = {990126//Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To investigates the effectiveness of curcumin-containing Nanomicelles as a therapeutic supplement in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 and its effect on immune responses balance changes following treatment.<br><br>TRIAL DESIGN: This study is conducted as a prospective, placebo-controlled with parallel group, single-center randomized clinical trial on COVID-19 patients.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Patients are selected from the COVID-19 ward of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas, Iran.<br><br>INCLUSION CRITERIA: 1. Real time PCR-approved positive COVID-19 test. 2. Both gender 3. Age between 18 and 75 years 4. Signing a written consent 5. Lack of participation in other clinical trials Exclusion criteria: 1. Pregnancy or lactation 2. Allergy to turmeric or curcumin 3. Smoking 4. Patient connected to the ventilator 5. SaO2 less than 90% or PaO2 less than 8 kPa 6. Having comorbidities (such as severe renal failure, Glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min, liver failure, Congestive heart failure, or Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) 7. History of gallstones 8. History of gastritis or active gastrointestinal ulcer INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: In addition to the routine standard treatments for COVID-19, in the intervention group, 40mg nanomicelles containing curcumin (SinaCurcumin Capsule, Exir Nano Sina Company, Iran), four times per day (after breakfast, lunch, dinner and before bedtime) and in the placebo group as the control group, capsules with the same appearance and characteristics (Placebo capsules, Exir Nano Sina Company, Iran) are prescribed for two weeks.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOMES: The effectiveness of Nano micelles containing curcumin treatment will be evaluated as daily clinical examinations of patients in both groups and, on days 0, 7 and 14, complete clinical symptoms and laboratory findings including peripheral blood and serum parameters such as inflammatory markers will be measured and recorded. Moreover, in order to evaluate the balance of immune responses changes following treatments, serum level of IFN-γ, IL-17, Il-4 and TGF-β serum cytokines will be measured in both groups at time points of 0, 7 and 14 days post treatment. Gene expression of t-bet, GATA-3, FoxP3 and ROR- γT will also be measured at mentioned time points to assess the shift of T helper1, T helper2, T regulatory and T helper 17 immune responses following treatment.<br><br>RANDOMISATION: Randomized trials will be performed on 40 COVID-19 patients which will be randomized using encoded sealed boxes with computer generated random digits with 1:1 allocation ratio. In order to randomization, placebo and SinaCurcumin Capsules will be numbered first by computer generated random digits. SinaCurcumin and placebo will then be stored and numbered in sealed packages based on generated random numbers. Finally, according to the order in which patients enter the study, packages are given to patients based on their number.<br><br>BLINDING (MASKING): The present study will be blind for all patients, physicians and nurses, laboratory technicians and statisticians.<br><br>A total of 40 patients will be included in the study, 20 of them will be randomly assigned to the intervention group and 20 to the placebo group.<br><br>TRIAL STATUS: This is Version 1.0 of protocol dated 21 May 2020. The recruitment was started June 24, 2020 and is expected to be completed by October 31, 2020.<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: This present clinical trial has been registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the registration code of &quot;IRCT20200611047735N1&quot;, https://www.irct.ir/trial/48843 . Dated: 19 June 2020.<br><br>FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.},
}
@article {pmid33092649,
year = {2020},
author = {Ali, M and Ahsan, GU and Khan, R and Khan, HR and Hossain, A},
title = {Immediate impact of stay-at-home orders to control COVID-19 transmission on mental well-being in Bangladeshi adults: Patterns, Explanations, and future directions.},
journal = {BMC research notes},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {494},
doi = {10.1186/s13104-020-05345-2},
pmid = {33092649},
issn = {1756-0500},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We aim to evaluate the immediate impacts of COVID-19 stay-at-home orders on the mental well-being of Bangladeshi adults. We recruited 1404 healthy adults following the Bangladesh government's lockdown announcement. A questionnaire comprising the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was used to define mental health.<br><br>RESULTS: The overall mean score for well-being was 42.4, indicating that 51.9% of adults suffered from poor mental health. And within that 48% of males and 57% of females were depressed. The mean scores for government workers, unemployed workers, and business employees were 45.1, 39.6, and 39.5, respectively. Confounding adjustments in multivariable linear regression models revealed that married women, unemployed and business communities, and individuals returning to villages were heavily depressed. Stay-at-home orders had significant repercussions on mental health and created a gender disparity in depression among adults. Suggestions include promoting mental health for women, unemployed, and business individuals. Married women need to be taken into special consideration as their mental well-being is worse. Older people (50 years of age and over) reported a high day-to-day variation in their mental health. These results should be factored in when discussing the mental health of adults and communities to cope with quarantine.},
}
@article {pmid33092637,
year = {2020},
author = {Anastassopoulou, C and Gkizarioti, Z and Patrinos, GP and Tsakris, A},
title = {Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity.},
journal = {Human genomics},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {40},
doi = {10.1186/s40246-020-00290-4},
pmid = {33092637},
issn = {1479-7364},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The emergence of the novel coronavirus in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019 marked the synchronization of the world to a peculiar clock that is counting infected cases and deaths instead of hours and minutes. The pandemic, highly transmissible severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has indeed caused considerable morbidity and mortality and drastically changed our everyday lives. As we continue to become acquainted with the seventh coronavirus known to infect our species, a number of its characteristics keep surprising us. Among those is the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations of the resulting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which ranges from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections to severe pneumonia, respiratory failure, and death.<br><br>MAIN BODY: Data, now from patient populations, are beginning to accumulate on human genetic factors that may contribute to the observed diversified disease severity. Therefore, we deemed it prudent to review the associations between specific human genetic variants and clinical disease severity or susceptibility to infection that have been reported in the literature to date (at the time of writing this article in early August 2020 with updates in mid-September). With this work, we hope (i) to assist the fast-paced biomedical research efforts to combat the virus by critically summarizing current knowledge on the potential role of host genetics, and (ii) to help guide current genetics and genomics research towards candidate gene variants that warrant further investigation in larger studies. We found that determinants of differing severity of COVID-19 predominantly include components of the immune response to the virus, while determinants of differing susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 mostly entail genes related to the initial stages of infection (i.e., binding of the cell surface receptor and entry).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Elucidating the genetic determinants of COVID-19 severity and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection would allow for the stratification of individuals according to risk so that those at high risk would be prioritized for immunization, for example, if or when safe and effective vaccines are developed. Our enhanced understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms could also guide personalized therapeutics. Such knowledge is already beginning to provide clues that help explain, at least in part, current epidemiologic observations regarding the typically more severe or benign disease course in older males and children, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid33092632,
year = {2020},
author = {Teofili, L and Landolfi, R and Cingolani, A and Antinori, A and Vecchiet, J and Sanguinetti, M and Gasbarrini, A and Pasciuto, T and Orlando, N and Lamonica, S},
title = {&quot;Early transfusion of convalescent plasma in older patients with COVID-19 to prevent disease progression: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial&quot;.},
journal = {Trials},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {875},
doi = {10.1186/s13063-020-04821-1},
pmid = {33092632},
issn = {1745-6215},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The primary objective is to demonstrate that COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) prevents progression to severe pneumonia in elderly COVID-19 pneumonia patients with chronic comorbidities. Secondary objectives are to demonstrate that CCP decreases the viral load in nasopharyngeal swabs and increases the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titre in recipients.<br><br>TRIAL DESIGN: This is a randomized, open-label, parallel group, phase II/III study with a superiority framework. The trial starts with a screening phase II designed with two-tailed alpha=0.2. In case of positive results, the trial will proceed in a formally comparative phase III (alpha=0.05).<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 who are at risk according to CDC definition are eligible. Inclusion criteria are all the following: age ≥ 65; pneumonia at CT scan; PaO2/FiO2 ≥300 mmHg; presence of one or more comorbidities; signed informed consent. Exclusion criteria are one of the following: age < 65; PaO2/FiO2 < 300 mmHg; pending cardiopulmonary arrest; refusal to blood product transfusions; severe IgA deficiency; any life-threatening comorbidity or any other medical condition which, in the opinion of the investigator, makes the patient unsuitable for inclusion. The trial is being conducted at three reference COVID-19 centres in the middle of Italy.<br><br>INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Intervention: COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma (CCP) in addition to standard therapy. Patients receive three doses (200 ml/day on 3 consecutive days) of ABO matched CCP. Comparator: Standard therapy MAIN OUTCOMES: A. Primary outcome for Phase II: Proportion of patients without progression in severity of pulmonary disease, defined as worsening of 2 points in the ordinal scale of WHO by day 14. B. Primary outcome for Phase III: Proportion of patients without progression in severity of pulmonary disease, defined as worsening of 2 points in the ordinal scale of WHO by day 14. Secondary outcomes for Phase III: Decreased viral load on nasopharyngeal swab at days 6, 9 and 14; Decreased viremia at days 6 and 9; Increased antibody titer against SARS-CoV2 at days 30 and 60; Proportion of patients with negative of SARS-CoV2 nasopharyngeal swab at day 30; Length of hospital stay; Mortality rate at day 28; Total plasma related adverse event (day 60); Total non-plasma related adverse events (day 60); Severe adverse events (SAE) (day 60).<br><br>RANDOMISATION: Treatment allocation is randomized with a ratio 1:1 in both phase II and phase III. Randomization sequences will be generated at Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS through the RedCap web application. Randomized stratification is performed according to age (under/over 80 years), and sex.<br><br>BLINDING (MASKING): None, this is an open-label trial.<br><br>Phase II: 114 patients (57 per arm). Phase III: 182 patients (91 per arm) TRIAL STATUS: The trial recruitment started on May 27, 2020. The anticipated date of recruitment completion is April 30, 2021. The protocol version is 2 (May 10, 2020).<br><br>TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (May 5, 2020). The Identifier number is NCT04374526 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.},
}
@article {pmid33092622,
year = {2020},
author = {Honore, PM and Barreto Gutierrez, L and Kugener, L and Redant, S and Attou, R and Gallerani, A and De Bels, D},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection as a risk factor for herpesviridae reactivation: consider the potential influence of corticosteroid therapy.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {623},
doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03349-9},
pmid = {33092622},
issn = {1466-609X},
}
@article {pmid33092609,
year = {2020},
author = {Standley, CJ and Chu, E and Kathawala, E and Ventura, D and Sorrell, EM},
title = {Data and cooperation required for Venezuela's refugee crisis during COVID-19.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {103},
doi = {10.1186/s12992-020-00635-7},
pmid = {33092609},
issn = {1744-8603},
support = {Georgetown University Global Health Initiative//Georgetown University/ ; },
abstract = {The deteriorating political and economic situation in Venezuela has ramifications far beyond the Latin American country's borders as almost five million Venezuelans fled and migrated into countries in the region due to the crisis at home. The scarcity of health services, the lack of information sharing, and the absence of reliable data in Venezuela create challenges for confronting developing health emergencies and disease outbreaks. The need for accurate data is especially dire given the current COVID-19 pandemic and evolving movement of refugees. While countries and international organizations came together to form a coordinated response to Venezuela's political and humanitarian crisis, this geopolitical progress is threatened by the rapid spread of COVID-19, and the instinct for countries to focus inwards on domestic response priorities, rather than engage in regional cooperation. It is critical that the international community set aside geopolitical differences and cooperate to seek an accurate picture of the conditions on the ground to improve the welfare of Venezuelan migrants and to provide a more robust response to the current pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33092606,
year = {2020},
author = {Ju, Y and Zhang, Y and Wang, X and Li, W and Ng, RMK and Li, L},
title = {China's mental health support in response to COVID-19: progression, challenges and reflection.},
journal = {Globalization and health},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {102},
doi = {10.1186/s12992-020-00634-8},
pmid = {33092606},
issn = {1744-8603},
support = {81671353//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The continued spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a serious impact on everyone across the globe, both physically and psychologically. In addition to proactive measures addressing physical survival needs and health protection, China has launched a mental health support system to cope with the widespread psychological stress during the pandemic and its aftermath. In this debate, the authors attempted to depict and reflect upon the overall framework of China's mental health support, with particular reference to the psychological intervention in response to COVID-19 over the last few months. Although a lot of effort has been made to meet the mental health needs, the accessibility, acceptability and effectiveness of the support system still have much room for improvement. Therefore, it is very important to re-think the predicament and challenge on ways of enhancing public mental health emergency responses in China. The concepts of universality, timeliness and scientific rigour were proposed as a possible reform in preparation for large-scale natural or man-made disasters in the coming future.},
}
@article {pmid33092586,
year = {2020},
author = {Hughes, T and Beard, E and Bowman, A and Chan, J and Gadsby, K and Hughes, M and Humphries, M and Johnston, A and King, G and Knock, M and Malhi, K and Mickute, G and Okpalugo, E and Oliver, M and Perera, V and Pickles, F and Pollock, L and Pullen, L and Samuels, F and Sexton, H and Shutler, L and Smith, R and Tanner, P and Ladds, E},
title = {Medical student support for vulnerable patients during COVID-19 - a convergent mixed-methods study.},
journal = {BMC medical education},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {377},
doi = {10.1186/s12909-020-02305-z},
pmid = {33092586},
issn = {1472-6920},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has exerted significant impacts on primary care, causing rapid digital transformation, exacerbating social isolation, and disrupting medical student and General Practice [GP] trainee education. Here we report on a medical student telephone initiative set-up by a final year GP trainee (the equivalent of a family medicine resident), which aimed to support patients at high risk and vulnerable to the Coronavirus Disease of 2019 [Covid-19]. In addition, it was hoped the project would mitigate a digital divide, enable proactive anticipatory planning, and provide an active learning environment to compensate for the pandemic's impact on medical education.<br><br>METHODS: Thirty-three medical students conducted daily telephone conversations with high risk and vulnerable patients as specified by the initial NHSE published lists. They confirmed public health messages, offered details for voluntary support groups, established need for medication delivery, explored levels of digital connectivity, and prompted discussions around end-of-life choices. Students had access to online reflective resources and daily remote debriefing sessions with the GP trainee. A convergent mixed-methods evaluation was subsequently undertaken, using quantitative process and descriptive data and individual qualitative interviews were conducted according to a maximal variation sampling strategy with students, General Practitioners [GPs], and the GP trainee. Inductive thematic analysis was then applied with cross-validation, respondent validation, and rich evidential illustration aiding integrity.<br><br>RESULTS: Ninety-seven 'high risk' and 781 'vulnerable' calls were made. Individuals were generally aware of public heath information, but some struggled to interpret and apply it within their own lives. Therefore respondents felt students provided additional practical and psychological benefits, particularly with regard to strengthening the links with the community voluntary groups. The project was widely liked by students who reported high levels of skill development and widened awareness, particularly valuing the active learning environment and reflective feedback sessions.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates utilization of medical students as wider assets within the primary health care team, with an initiative that enables support for vulnerable patients whilst promoting active medical education. Ongoing integration of students within 'normal' primary health care roles, such as chronic disease or mental health reviews, could provide similar opportunities for supported active and reflective learning.},
}
@article {pmid33092582,
year = {2020},
author = {Xue, QL},
title = {Frailty as an integrative marker of physiological vulnerability in the era of COVID-19.},
journal = {BMC medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {333},
doi = {10.1186/s12916-020-01809-1},
pmid = {33092582},
issn = {1741-7015},
support = {P30AG021334/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
}
@article {pmid33092568,
year = {2020},
author = {Jairoun, AA and Al-Hemyari, SS and Shahwan, M and El-Dahiyat, F and Jamshed, S},
title = {Scale validation for the identification of falsified hand sanitizer: public and regulatory authorities perspectives from United Arab Emirates.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {1595},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-020-09707-0},
pmid = {33092568},
issn = {1471-2458},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the time of declaration of global pandemic of COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO), falsified hand sanitizers surfaced regularly in markets, posing possible harm to public due to unlisted inclusion of methanol. The current research is an attempt to develop and validate a tool to document falsified hand sanitizer in the UAE community.<br><br>METHOD: A descriptive cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among 1280 randomly selected participants. Respondents were sent a web-based electronic link to the survey via email. Content validity, factor analyses and known group validity were used to develop and validate a new scale to identify falsified hand sanitizer. Test-retest reliability, internal consistency, item internal consistency (IIC), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess the reliability of the scale. SPSS version 24 was used to conduct data analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 1280 participants were enrolled in the study. The content validity index (CVI) was 0.83 with the final scale of 12 items. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value was 0.788, with the Bartlett test of sphericity achieving statistical significance (p < 0.001). Our factor analysis revealed a 3-component model. The 3-factor solution was confirmed by PCFA analysis and had associations with good fit values. The PCFA for NFI was 0.970, CFI 0.978, and TLI 0.967. All values were in excess of 0.95, with RMSEA values below 0.06 at 0.03; all of these values indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach's alpha was good overall (0.867). All factors had a Cronbach's alpha value in excess of 0.70. The instrument demonstrated that every item met the IIC correlation standard ≥0.40. The scale displayed good overall ICC statistics of 0.867 (95% CI 0.856-0.877) with statistical significance (p < 0.001). The scale's test-retest reliability was assessed through correlation of the falsified hand sanitizer identification score of respondents at the two time points. The test-retest correlation coefficient was 0.770 (p value < 0.01). Participants with post-graduate education were more likely to identify the falsified hand sanitizer compared to those with high school education. (p < 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study developed and validated a new scale for the measurement of falsified hand sanitizer. This is expected to improve and promote collaboration between the health regulators and the public and hereby encourage customer satisfaction and participation.},
}
@article {pmid33092563,
year = {2020},
author = {Peys, E and Stevens, D and Weygaerde, YV and Malfait, T and Hermie, L and Rogiers, P and Depuydt, P and Van Braeckel, E},
title = {Haemoptysis as the first presentation of COVID-19: a case report.},
journal = {BMC pulmonary medicine},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {275},
doi = {10.1186/s12890-020-01312-6},
pmid = {33092563},
issn = {1471-2466},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is an ongoing pandemic that profoundly challenges healthcare systems all over the world. Fever, cough and fatigue are the most commonly reported clinical symptoms.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: A 58-year-old man presented at the emergency department with acute onset haemoptysis. On the fifth day after admission, he developed massive haemoptysis. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the chest revealed alveolar haemorrhage, more prominent in the left lung. Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed bleeding from the left upper lobe, confirmed by a bronchial arteriography, which was successfully embolized. Nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) tested for SARS-CoV-2 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) repeatedly returned negative. Surprisingly, SARS-CoV-2 was eventually detected in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Life-threatening haemoptysis is an unusual presentation of COVID-19, reflecting alveolar bleeding as a rare but possible complication. This case emphasises the added value of bronchoscopy with BAL in the diagnostic work-up in case of high clinical suspicion and negative serial NPS in patients presenting with severe symptoms.},
}
@article {pmid33092541,
year = {2020},
author = {Siu, HY and Kristof, L and Elston, D and Hafid, A and Mather, F},
title = {A cross-sectional survey assessing the preparedness of the long-term care sector to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic in Ontario, Canada.},
journal = {BMC geriatrics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {421},
doi = {10.1186/s12877-020-01828-w},
pmid = {33092541},
issn = {1471-2318},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is a significant public health emergency that impacts all sectors of healthcare. The negative health outcomes for the COVID-19 infection have been most severe in the frail elderly dwelling in Canadian long-term care (LTC) homes.<br><br>METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey of Ontario LTC Clinicians working in LTC homes in Ontario Canada was conducted to provide the clinician perspective on the preparedness and engagement of the LTC sector during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey questionnaire was developed in collaboration with the Ontario Long-Term Care Clinicians organization (OLTCC) and was distributed between March 30, 2020 to May 25, 2020. All registered members of the OLTCC and Nurse-led LTC Outreach Teams were invited to participate. The primary outcomes were: 1) the descriptive report of the screening measures implemented, communication and information received, and the preparation of the respondent's LTC home to a potential COVID-19 outbreak; and 2) the level of agreement, as reported using a five-point Likert scale), to COVID-19 preparedness statements for the respondent's LTC home was also assessed.<br><br>RESULTS: The overall response rate was 54% (160/294). LTC homes implemented a wide range of important interventions (e.g. instituting established respiratory isolation protocols, active screening of new LTC admissions, increasing education on infection control processes, encouraging sick staff to take time off, etc). Ample communications pertinent to the pandemic were received from provincial LTC organizations, the government and public health officials. However, the feasibility of implementing public health recommendations, as well as the engagement of the LTC sector in pandemic planning were identified as areas of concern. Medical director status was associated with an increased knowledge of local implementation of interventions to mitigate COVID-19, as well as endorsing increased access to reliable COVID-19 information and resources to manage a potential COVID-19 outbreak in their LTC home.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the communication and implementation of recommendations in the Ontario LTC sector, despite some concerns regarding feasibility. Importantly, LTC clinician respondents clearly indicated that better engagement with LTC leaders is needed to plan a coordinated pandemic response.},
}
@article {pmid33092539,
year = {2020},
author = {Xiong, S and Liu, L and Lin, F and Shi, J and Han, L and Liu, H and He, L and Jiang, Q and Wang, Z and Fu, W and Li, Z and Lu, Q and Chen, Z and Ding, S},
title = {Clinical characteristics of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {787},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-020-05452-2},
pmid = {33092539},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {31600942//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A cluster of acute respiratory illness, now known as Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has become a global pandemic. Aged population with cardiovascular diseases are more likely be to infected with SARS-CoV-2 and result in more severe outcomes and elevated case-fatality rate. Meanwhile, cardiovascular diseases have a high prevalence in the middle-aged and elderly population. However, despite of several researches in COVID-19, cardiovascular implications related to it still remains largely unclear. Therefore, a specific analysis in regard to cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 patients is in great need.<br><br>METHODS: In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, 116 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled, who admitted to the General Hospital of Central Theater Command (Wuhan, China) from January 20 to March 8, 2020. The demographic data, underlying comorbidities, clinical symptoms and signs, laboratory findings, chest computed tomography, treatment measures, and outcome data were collected from electronic medical records. Data were compared between non-severe and severe cases.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 116 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, the median age was 58.5 years (IQR, 47.0-69.0), and 36 (31.0%) were female. Hypertension (45 [38.8%]), diabetes (19 [16.4%]), and coronary heart disease (17 [14.7%]) were the most common coexisting conditions. Common symptoms included fever [99 (85.3%)], dry cough (61 [52.6%]), fatigue (60 [51.7%]), dyspnea (52 [44.8%]), anorexia (50 [43.1%]), and chest discomfort (50 [43.1%]). Local and/or bilateral patchy shadowing were the typical radiological findings on chest computed tomography. Lymphopenia (lymphocyte count, 1.0 × 109/L [IQR, 0.7-1.3]) was observed in 66 patients (56.9%), and elevated lactate dehydrogenase (245.5 U/L [IQR, 194.3-319.8]) in 69 patients (59.5%). Hypokalemia occurred in 24 (20.7%) patients. Compared with non-severe cases, severe cases were older (64.0 years [IQR, 53.0-76.0] vs 56.0 years [IQR, 37.0-64.0]), more likely to have comorbidities (35 [63.6%] vs 24 [39.3%]), and more likely to develop acute cardiac injury (19 [34.5%] vs 4 [6.6%]), acute heart failure (18 [32.7%] vs 3 [4.9%]), and ARDS (20 [36.4%] vs 0 [0%]). During hospitalization, the prevalence of new onset hypertension was significantly higher in severe patients (55.2% vs 19.0%) than in non-severe ones.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we found that the infection of SARS-CoV-2 was more likely to occur in middle and aged population with cardiovascular comorbidities. Cardiovascular complications, including new onset hypertension and heart injury were common in severe patients with COVID-19. More detailed researches in cardiovascular involvement in COVID-19 are urgently needed to further understand the disease.},
}
@article {pmid33092498,
year = {2020},
author = {Liontos, M and Kastritis, E and Migkou, M and Koutsoukos, K and Eleutherakis-Papaiakovou, E and Gavriatopoulou, M and Psaltopoulou, T and Zagouri, F and Terpos, E and Dimopoulos, MA},
title = {Response of an oncology unit in the midst of the COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Journal of oncology pharmacy practice : official publication of the International Society of Oncology Pharmacy Practitioners},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1078155220967973},
doi = {10.1177/1078155220967973},
pmid = {33092498},
issn = {1477-092X},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused an emergency in health systems worldwide. Apart from its apparent morbidity and mortality, COVID-19 has also imposed unique challenges in the management of cancer patients. We report here measures taken by a major oncology Unit in Greece to continue operation of the department while ensuring safety of the patients and health care professionals. The efficacy of these measures could serve as guidance for Oncology departments in view of a second wave of COVID-19 cases.},
}
@article {pmid33092492,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Sejari, MM and Al-Ma'Seb, HB},
title = {Precautionary Measures and Illness Attitudes toward COVID-19 among a Sample of the Kuwaiti Population.},
journal = {Social work in public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/19371918.2020.1835774},
pmid = {33092492},
issn = {1937-190X},
abstract = {Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic, several strict measures have been recommended to prevent and control the spread of the virus worldwide. This study aims to examine the associations between precautionary health behaviors (eating vitamins, washing hands continuously, eating healthy food, putting on masks, wearing gloves, and maintaining a safe distance) and illness attitudes (worry about illness, concern about pain, hypochondriacal beliefs, thanatophobia, and treatment experience). An online questionnaire was distributed to 1,413 Kuwaiti participants using the convenience-sampling method via the WhatsApp application. The online survey collected data based on the Illness Attitude toward COVID-19 Scale (IATCS) and on demographics. The findings of the study show that there are significant associations between the illness attitudes of participants and the precautionary health behaviors they adopted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kuwait. Illness attitudes toward COVID-19 significantly affect the health behaviors of individuals. The health behaviors become precautionary measures aimed at preventing infection from COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33092468,
year = {2020},
author = {Elena, AM and Silvia, SD and Francisco, RJ and Rubén, CH and Luis, CM},
title = {Venous thrombosis in a systemic lupus erythematosus patient with antiphospholipid antibodies coinciding with mild Covid-19.},
journal = {Lupus},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {961203320967407},
doi = {10.1177/0961203320967407},
pmid = {33092468},
issn = {1477-0962},
}
@article {pmid33092458,
year = {2020},
author = {Alothaid, H and Aldughaim, MSK and El Bakkouri, K and AlMashhadi, S and Al-Qahtani, AA},
title = {Similarities between the effect of SARS-CoV-2 and HCV on the cellular level, and the possible role of ion channels in COVID19 progression: a review of potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.},
journal = {Channels (Austin, Tex.)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {403-412},
doi = {10.1080/19336950.2020.1837439},
pmid = {33092458},
issn = {1933-6969},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has prompted an urgent need to identify effective medicines for the prevention and treatment of the disease. A comparative analysis between SARS-CoV-2 and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) can expand the available knowledge regarding the virology and potential drug targets against these viruses. Interestingly, comparing HCV with SARS-CoV-2 reveals major similarities between them, ranging from the ion channels that are utilized, to the symptoms that are exhibited by patients. Via this comparative analysis, and from what is known about HCV, the most promising treatments for COVID-19 can focus on the reduction of viral load, treatment of pulmonary system damages, and reduction of inflammation. In particular, the drugs that show most potential in this regard include ritonavir, a combination of peg-IFN, and lumacaftor-ivacaftor. This review anaylses SARS-CoV-2 from the perspective of the role of ion homeostasis and channels in viral pathomechanism. We also highlight other novel treatment approaches that can be used for both treatment and prevention of COVID-19. The relevance of this review is to offer high-quality evidence that can be used as the basis for the identification of potential solutions to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33092455,
year = {2020},
author = {Mohan, M and Mishra, S},
title = {India's Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Frontal Assault on the &quot;Historically Dispossessed&quot;.},
journal = {International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {20731420968438},
doi = {10.1177/0020731420968438},
pmid = {33092455},
issn = {1541-4469},
abstract = {During the nationwide lockdown as part of the state response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the predicament of interstate migrant laborers in India, caught in crowded cities without means of livelihood and basic resources needed to sustain life, gained national and international attention. This article explores the context of the current migrant crisis through the historical trajectories and political roots of internal migration in India and its relationship with the urban informal labor market and the structural determinants of precarious employment. We argue that the both the response to the pandemic and the disproportionate impact on migrant laborers are reflections and consequences of an established pattern of neglect and poor accountability of the state toward the employment and living conditions of migrant workers who toil precariously in the informal labor market.},
}
@article {pmid33092446,
year = {2020},
author = {Saeed, O and Castagna, F and Agalliu, I and Xue, X and Patel, SR and Rochlani, Y and Kataria, R and Vukelic, S and Sims, DB and Alvarez, C and Rivas-Lasarte, M and Garcia, MJ and Jorde, UP},
title = {Statin Use and In-Hospital Mortality in Diabetics with COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e018475},
doi = {10.1161/JAHA.120.018475},
pmid = {33092446},
issn = {2047-9980},
abstract = {Background Severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state with high mortality. Statins have anti-inflammatory effects and may attenuate the severity of COVID-19. Methods and Results An observational study of all consecutive adult patients with COVID-19 from March 1, 2020 to May 2, 2020 admitted to a single-center located in Bronx, New York. Patients were grouped as those that did and did not receive a statin and in-hospital mortality was compared by competing events regression. In addition, propensity score matching and inverse probability treatment weighting (IPTW) were used in survival models to examine the association between statin use and death during hospitalization. A total of 4,252 patients were admitted with COVID-19. Diabetes modified the association between statin use and in-hospital mortality. Patient with diabetes on a statin (n=983) were older (69±11 vs. 67±14 years, p<0.01), had lower inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein: 10.2, IQR: 4.5-18.4 vs. 12.9, IQR: 5.9-21.4 mg/dl, p<0.01) and reduced cumulative in-hospital mortality (24% vs. 39%, p<0.01) than those not on a statin (n=1,283). No difference in hospital mortality was noted in patients without diabetes on or off statin (20% vs. 21%, p=0.82). Propensity score matching (HR=0.88, 95% CI 0.83-0.94, p<0.01) and IPTW (HR=0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.92, p<0.01) showed a 12% lower risk of death during hospitalization for statin users than non-users. Conclusions Statin use was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality from COVID-19 in patients with diabetes. These findings, if validated, may further reemphasize administration of statins to patients with diabetes during the COVID-19 era.},
}
@article {pmid33092421,
year = {2020},
author = {Arenbergerova, M and Gkalpakiotis, S and Arenberger, P and Fialova, A and Pasek, M},
title = {COVID-19 in 3 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced melanoma.},
journal = {The Journal of dermatological treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1080/09546634.2020.1822500},
pmid = {33092421},
issn = {1471-1753},
}
@article {pmid33092391,
year = {2020},
author = {Maguire, PA and Looi, JC},
title = {COVID-19 telehealth challenges for patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses.},
journal = {The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {4867420968887},
doi = {10.1177/0004867420968887},
pmid = {33092391},
issn = {1440-1614},
}
@article {pmid33092337,
year = {2020},
author = {El Hangouche, AJ and Amekran, Y},
title = {Immune response to physical exercise: evidence to take into account during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic.},
journal = {The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11767-5},
pmid = {33092337},
issn = {1827-1928},
}
@article {pmid33092335,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, S and Yu, L},
title = {Practical home-based physical activity programs for university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11607-4},
pmid = {33092335},
issn = {1827-1928},
}
@article {pmid33092330,
year = {2020},
author = {Buoite Stella, A and Ajčević, M and Furlanis, G and Cillotto, T and Menichelli, A and Accardo, A and Manganotti, P},
title = {Smart technology for physical activity and health assessment during COVID-19 lockdown.},
journal = {The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11373-2},
pmid = {33092330},
issn = {1827-1928},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The worldwide lockdown in response to COVID-19 pandemics has often led to physical inactivity and social distancing. When combined, these factors may affect quality and life and increase the risk of different diseases. Therefore, assessment of physical activity levels should be encouraged to monitor and identify those at a higher risk of inactivity. Smart technology is a promising tool to assess physical activity and health, and may be particularly useful during a period of general lockdown.<br><br>METHODS: An online survey was developed and shared among the Italian general population to collect data about physical activity and daily routine changes between January 2020 and the lockdown period from 23rd to 29th of March. Participants were asked to provide data such as daily step count (Steps) or heart rate (HR) measured and collected by their smart technology devices.<br><br>RESULTS: Four hundred participants were included in the final analysis. During the lockdown, the number of steps dropped from 8,284±4,390 to 3,294±3,994 steps (p< 0.001), while mean peak HR decreased from 61.3±18.2% to 55.9±17.3% (p< 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide objective data about the effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on physical activity, thus encouraging the use of smart devices to monitor and promote healthy lifestyles while faced with a confinement condition.},
}
@article {pmid33092124,
year = {2020},
author = {Lundstrom, K},
title = {Are Viral Vectors Any Good for RNAi Antiviral Therapy?.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v12101189},
pmid = {33092124},
issn = {1999-4915},
abstract = {RNA interference (RNAi) represents a novel approach for alternative antiviral therapy. However, issues related to RNA delivery and stability have presented serious obstacles for obtaining good therapeutic efficacy. Viral vectors are capable of efficient delivery of RNAi as short interfering RNA (siRNA), short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA). Efficacy in gene silencing for therapeutic applications against viral diseases has been demonstrated in various animal models. Rotavirus (RV) miR-7 can inhibit rotavirus replication by targeting the RV nonstructural protein 5. Viral gene silencing by targeting the RNAi pathway showed efficient suppression of hepatitis B virus replication by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based delivery of RNAi hepatitis B virus (HBV) cassettes. Hepatitis C virus replication has been targeted by short hairpin RNA molecules expressed from lentivirus vectors. Potentially, RNAi-based approaches could be suitable for antiviral drugs against COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33092065,
year = {2020},
author = {Bordi, L and Sberna, G and Lalle, E and Piselli, P and Colavita, F and Nicastri, E and Antinori, A and Boumis, E and Petrosillo, N and Marchioni, L and Minnucci, G and D'Agostini, E and Castilletti, C and Locatelli, F and Zumla, A and Ippolito, G and Capobianchi, MR and On Behalf Of Inmi ReCOVeRI Study Group, },
title = {Frequency and Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Shedding in Oral Fluid Samples Assessed by a Modified Commercial Rapid Molecular Assay.},
journal = {Viruses},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/v12101184},
pmid = {33092065},
issn = {1999-4915},
support = {Ricerca Corrente, linea1//Ministero della Salute/ ; EU project 101003544 - CoNVat//European Commission/ ; EU project 101003551 - EXSCALATE4CoV//European Commission/ ; EU project 202012371675//European Commission/ ; EU project 12371675 EXSCALATE4CoV//European Commission/ ; EU project: 101005075-KRONO//European Commission/ ; 653316//EVA GLOBAL -European Virus Archive - GLOBAL/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: RT-PCR on nasopharyngeal (NPS)/oropharyngeal swabs is the gold standard for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and viral load monitoring. Oral fluid (OF) is an alternate clinical sample, easy and safer to collect and could be useful for COVID-19 diagnosis, monitoring viral load and shedding.<br><br>METHODS: Optimal assay conditions and analytical sensitivity were established for the commercial Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assay adapted to OF matrix. The assay was used to test 337 OF and NPS specimens collected in parallel from 164 hospitalized patients; 50 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) specimens from a subgroup of severe COVID-19 cases were also analysed.<br><br>RESULTS: Using Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct on OF matrix, 100% analytical detection down to 1 TCID50/mL (corresponding to 4 × 103 copies (cp)/mL) was observed. No crossreaction with other viruses transmitted through the respiratory toute was observed. Parallel testing of 337 OF and NPS samples showed highly concordant results (κ = 0.831; 95 % CI = 0.771-0.891), and high correlation of Ct values (r = 0.921; p < 0.0001). High concordance and elevated correlation was observed also between OF and BAL. Prolonged viral RNA shedding was observed up to 100 days from symptoms onset (DSO), with 32% and 29% positivity observed in OF and NPS samples, respectively, collected between 60 and 100 DSO.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Simplexa™ COVID-19 Direct assays on OF have high sensitivity and specificity to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA and provide an alternative to NPS for diagnosis and monitoring SARS-CoV-2 shedding.},
}
@article {pmid33092059,
year = {2020},
author = {Zakariya, YF},
title = {Exposing Empirical Links between COVID-19 Situation Report and Available Data: The Case of Nigeria.},
journal = {Diseases (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diseases8040038},
pmid = {33092059},
issn = {2079-9721},
abstract = {Ever since the index case of COVID-19 was announced in Nigeria, the number of confirmed cases has gradually increased to 46,140 (about 4.5% of total confirmed cases in Africa) as the time of writing this article. This seemingly low number of confirmed cases has provoked heated debates among researchers. This cross-sectional study explores the Nigerian COVID-19 report to expose some links between the number of confirmed cases, testing, and some environmental conditions. The findings reveal that there is no state in Nigeria which has up to 12 confirmed cases per 10,000 population. That means, the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases is less than 0.15% of the population of people across each state in Nigeria. On the flip side, it was revealed that the proportion of samples tested for COVID-19 is low compared to the population. The percentages ranging from less than 0.1% to a maximum of 0.7% of each state population in which 23 states out of the 37 states are within the less than 0.1% range. Furthermore, there is a substantial correlation (ρ&amp;nbsp;(37)=0.903,&amp;nbsp;p<&amp;nbsp;0.001) between the confirmed cases and testing. In contrast, no substantial correlation was found between the former with either average temperature or rainfall.},
}
@article {pmid33092053,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, Y and Cao, P and Meng, J and Qiu, J and Hu, Q and Cheng, L},
title = {Exploration of the Evaluation and Optimization of Community Epidemic Prevention in Wuhan Based on a DEA Model.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {20},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17207633},
pmid = {33092053},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {No.71804137//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Background-Communities played a key role in preventing the spread of coronavirus, not only during the threshold period of the epidemic but also in the normal stage of prevention. Scientifically evaluating the community's work is necessary for prevention in the normal period of the epidemic and can provide a reference for the management of different countries. Methods-Based on data envelopment analysis (DEA), this article used community worker data to evaluate the matching of service supply and demand during the epidemic period and used co-word analysis to analyze the content and the residents' demands for community service from the threshold period to the normal period of the epidemic. Results-According to the results of the DEA model, early in the epidemic, 13 of the 15 districts' DEA values were invalid, indicating that there was a shortage in community workers in Wuhan. The results of public opinion analysis showed that from the threshold to the normal period of the epidemic, the emphasis on community service gradually transformed from epidemic prevention to an integrated service, which effectively met the composite service needs of community residents for both prevention and life. Conclusions-In the face of public health emergencies, the government should ensure an adequate number of service personnel, mobilize the service resources, refine the service content, and adjust the incentive policy, which can help to improve the quality of residents' lives and the coordination degree of the prevention and control as part of the epidemic control in the emergency period and the social and economic recovery after the epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid33092045,
year = {2020},
author = {Sada, M and Saraya, T and Ishii, H and Okayama, K and Hayashi, Y and Tsugawa, T and Nishina, A and Murakami, K and Kuroda, M and Ryo, A and Kimura, H},
title = {Detailed Molecular Interactions of Favipiravir with SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and Influenza Virus Polymerases In Silico.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {8},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms8101610},
pmid = {33092045},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {JP20fk0108103//Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development/ ; },
abstract = {Favipiravir was initially developed as an antiviral drug against influenza and is currently used in clinical trials against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19). This agent is presumably involved in RNA chain termination during influenza virus replication, although the molecular interactions underlying its potential impact on the coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) remain unclear. We performed in silico studies to elucidate detailed molecular interactions between favipiravir and the SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RdRp). As a result, no interactions between favipiravir ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (F-RTP), the active form of favipiravir, and the active sites of RdRps (PB1 proteins) from influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 virus were found, yet the agent bound to the tunnel of the replication genome of PB1 protein leading to the inhibition of replicated RNA passage. In contrast, F-RTP bound to the active sites of coronavirus RdRp in the presence of the agent and RdRp. Further, the agent bound to the replicated RNA terminus in the presence of agent, magnesium ions, nucleotide triphosphate, and RdRp proteins. These results suggest that favipiravir exhibits distinct mechanisms of action against influenza virus and various coronaviruses.},
}
@article {pmid33092041,
year = {2020},
author = {Pecora, F and Persico, F and Argentiero, A and Neglia, C and Esposito, S},
title = {The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {12},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu12103198},
pmid = {33092041},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
}
@article {pmid33089298,
year = {2020},
author = {Song, J and Liu, ZQ and Wang, Q and Zhu, ZL and Gao, B and Yang, Z},
title = {[Suggestions for selection and use of masks for dental medical staff during outbreaks of novel coronavirus pneumonia].},
journal = {Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {435-439},
pmid = {33089298},
issn = {1006-7248},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; *Coronavirus ; *Coronavirus Infections ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Masks ; Medical Staff ; *Pandemics ; *Pneumonia ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; },
abstract = {During the outbreak of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), dentists are at risk for more severe infection due to their professionalism. This article analyzed the route of infection during diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases. Following the related standards and guidelines of National Health Commission, the types, evaluation index and standards of medical and protective masks were summarized. It is expected to provide certain reference for the selection and use of masks of dental medical staff.},
}
@article {pmid33051861,
year = {2020},
author = {Löfgren, J},
title = {.},
journal = {Lakartidningen},
volume = {117},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {33051861},
issn = {1652-7518},
mesh = {*Coronavirus Infections ; *Global Health ; Goals ; Humans ; Motivation ; *Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; },
}
@article {pmid32930765,
year = {2020},
author = {Wolinetz, CD and Collins, FS},
title = {Recognition of Research Participants' Need for Autonomy: Remembering the Legacy of Henrietta Lacks.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {11},
pages = {1027-1028},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.15936},
pmid = {32930765},
issn = {1538-3598},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; Biological Specimen Banks/*ethics/history ; Biomedical Research/*ethics/history ; Codes of Ethics ; Coronavirus Infections ; HeLa Cells ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Human Experimentation/*ethics ; Humans ; Informed Consent/*ethics/history ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.)/*ethics ; *Organizational Policy ; Pandemics ; Personal Autonomy ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Racism/history ; United States ; },
}
@article {pmid32930748,
year = {2020},
author = {Cutler, D},
title = {New Rules for the Pandemic Era.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {11},
pages = {1023-1024},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.15526},
pmid = {32930748},
issn = {1538-3598},
mesh = {Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; Global Health ; Humans ; *Leadership ; Pandemics/*prevention &amp; control ; Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology/prevention &amp; control ; *Public Health Administration ; *Public Health Practice ; United States ; World Health Organization ; },
}
@article {pmid32876802,
year = {2020},
author = {Hartog, CS and Spies, CD and Michl, S and Janssens, U},
title = {[Advance care planning during the coronavirus pandemic-A chance for patient autonomy in acute situations].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin},
volume = {115},
number = {7},
pages = {571-572},
doi = {10.1007/s00063-020-00717-9},
pmid = {32876802},
issn = {2193-6226},
mesh = {*Advance Care Planning ; *Coronavirus ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology/therapy ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; Personal Autonomy ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; },
}
@article {pmid32856974,
year = {2020},
author = {Rosen, GH and Murray, KS and Golzy, M},
title = {Interest in Urological Topics during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.},
journal = {The Journal of urology},
volume = {204},
number = {5},
pages = {898-900},
doi = {10.1097/JU.0000000000001187},
pmid = {32856974},
issn = {1527-3792},
mesh = {Attitude to Health ; *Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections/*epidemiology ; Humans ; Internet/statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pandemics/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Pneumonia, Viral/*epidemiology ; Search Engine/*statistics &amp; numerical data ; Urologic Diseases/*epidemiology ; },
}
@article {pmid32777284,
year = {2020},
author = {El Hajra Martínez, I and Relea Pérez, L and Calvo Moya, M},
title = {Presence of SARS-Coronavirus-2 in the Ileal Mucosa: Another Evidence for Infection of GI Tract by This Virus.},
journal = {Gastroenterology},
volume = {159},
number = {4},
pages = {1624-1625},
doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2020.05.101},
pmid = {32777284},
issn = {1528-0012},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; *Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane ; *Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; *SARS Virus ; },
}
@article {pmid33091905,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahajan, P and Dass, B and Radhakrishnan, N and McCullough, PA},
title = {COVID-19-Associated Systemic Thromboembolism: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.},
journal = {Cardiorenal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1159/000511800},
pmid = {33091905},
issn = {1664-5502},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected >188 countries, involved >24 million people, and caused >840,000 deaths. COVID-19, in its severe form, presents as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), shock, and multiorgan failure. Thrombotic microangiopathy of the lungs and kidneys has been observed in these patients. Elevated D-dimer levels have been observed in people with serious COVID-19 illness, and this could be helpful in guiding treatment with anticoagulation in these patients.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze the role of anticoagulation as a treatment modality for COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: We present the unique case of a COVID-19 patient who developed sepsis, ARDS, acute kidney injury, and deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), who was deteriorating clinically. She was treated with anticoagulation.<br><br>RESULTS: There was rapid recovery after treatment with systemic anticoagulation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Systemic anticoagulation could prove to be essential in the treatment of CO-VID-19. Further studies are required to assess its role in improving long-term morbidity and mortality in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid33091846,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, T and Ghosh-Laskar, S and Agarwal, JP},
title = {Resource-sparing curative-intent hypofractionated-accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: More relevant than ever before in the COVID era.},
journal = {Oral oncology},
volume = {111},
number = {},
pages = {105045},
doi = {10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105045},
pmid = {33091846},
issn = {1879-0593},
abstract = {The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is increasing worldwide, with over three quarters of cases now diagnosed in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) with resource-constraints. Loco-regional recurrence remains the predominant pattern of failure mandating adequate local therapy for acceptable loco-regional control and survival. There is high-quality evidence that intensification of treatment by either by adding concurrent chemotherapy or by altering radiotherapy (RT) fractionation improves outcomes in the curative-intent management of loco-regionally advanced HNSCC. Even conservative estimates indicate that >50% of patients in LMIC are unlikely to get access to timely RT, which will only get compounded with the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic. The radiation oncology community has been systematically testing altered fractionation schedules in several solid cancers (breast, lung, and head-neck), given the cost-effectiveness, convenience, and compliance to short-course RT regimens. Radiobiological modelling suggests that standard fractionation of 6-7 weeks in HNSCC can be compressed safely into a 4-week schedule to counter accelerated repopulation by increasing the dose per fraction and delivering 5 fractions per week which is currently being tested in the ongoing multicentric trial of hypo- vs normo-fractionated accelerated RT (HYPNO study). Herein, we discuss the radiobiological basis of curative-intent hypofractionated-accelerated RT schedule delivering 55 Gy in 20 fractions over 4 weeks in HNSCC followed by critical appraisal of the published literature on such regimens with concurrent systemic therapy and its inherent resource-sparing potential applicable across large parts of the world particularly in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091843,
year = {2020},
author = {El-Bassel, N and Jackson, RD and Samet, J and Walsh, SL},
title = {Introduction to the special issue on the HEALing Communities Study.},
journal = {Drug and alcohol dependence},
volume = {217},
number = {},
pages = {108327},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108327},
pmid = {33091843},
issn = {1879-0046},
abstract = {The severity of the overdose epidemic underscores the urgent need for innovative and high impact interventions that promote the rapid penetration and scale up of evidence-based practices (EBPs) in communities profoundly affected by fatal opioid overdose. This special issue shares scientific advancements in implementation research design and evaluation of a novel data-driven community-based intervention. The HEALing (Helping End Addiction Long-Term) Communities Study (HCS) is a four-year study that is designed to examine the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention. The CTH intervention supports the dissemination of EBPs in 67 communities across four high-burdened states-Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, and Ohio. The diversity in these communities in terms of rural-urban status, race-ethnicity and other social determinants of health facilitates generalizability of results to other communities across the US. The nine papers in this special issue describe critical elements that constitute the HCS framework and design. This includes the implementation of EBPs that have a substantial impact on fatal and non-fatal opioid overdose, the Opioid-overdose Reduction Continuum of Care Approach, communication campaigns to increase awareness and demand for EBPs and reduce stigma against people with OUD and MOUD interventions, and the process of community engagement. This includes how to form community coalitions and gain their commitment, and steps taken to mobilize coalitions to pursue EBP implementation and ensure EBPs are adapted for community needs. The collective papers in this issue demonstrate that the design of any complex study must adapt to unanticipated temporal events, including the rapidly emerging COVID-19 crisis. Readers will learn about the scientific process of the design and implementation of a community-engaged intervention, its methodologies, guiding conceptual models, and research implementation strategies that can be applied to address other health issues.},
}
@article {pmid33091835,
year = {2020},
author = {Colombi, D and Petrini, M and Maffi, G and Villani, GD and Bodini, FC and Morelli, N and Milanese, G and Silva, M and Sverzellati, N and Michieletti, E},
title = {Comparison of admission chest computed tomography and lung ultrasound performance for diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia in populations with different disease prevalence.},
journal = {European journal of radiology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {109344},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109344},
pmid = {33091835},
issn = {1872-7727},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Chest computed tomography (CT) is considered a reliable imaging tool for COVID-19 pneumonia diagnosis, while lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a potential alternative to characterize lung involvement. The aim of the study was to compare diagnostic performance of admission chest CT and LUS for the diagnosis of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: We included patients admitted to emergency department between February 21-March 6, 2020 (high prevalence group, HP) and between March 30-April 13, 2020 (moderate prevalence group, MP) undergoing LUS and chest CT within 12 h. Chest CT was considered positive in case of &quot;indeterminate&quot;/&quot;typical&quot; pattern for COVID-19 by RSNA classification system. At LUS, thickened pleural line with ≥ three B-lines at least in one zone of the 12 explored was considered positive. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC were calculated for CT and LUS against real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and serology as reference standard.<br><br>RESULTS: The study included 486 patients (males 61 %; median age, 70 years): 247 patients in HP (COVID-19 prevalence 94 %) and 239 patients in MP (COVID-19 prevalence 45 %). In HP and MP respectively, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were 90-95 %, 43-69 %, 96-72 %, 20-95 % for CT and 94-93 %, 7-31 %, 94-52 %, 7-83 % for LUS. CT demonstrated better performance than LUS in diagnosis of COVID-19, both in HP (AUC 0.75 vs 0.51; P < 0.001) and MP (AUC 0.85 vs 0.62; P < 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Admission chest CT shows better performance than LUS for COVID-19 diagnosis, at varying disease prevalence. LUS is highly sensitive, but not specific for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33091817,
year = {2020},
author = {Nili, A and Zarei, E and Ghamari, A and Farid, AS and Tavakolpour, S and Daneshpazhooh, M and Mahmoudi, H},
title = {Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis with a focus on hydroxychloroquine: A 10-year experience in a skin hospital.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {89},
number = {Pt B},
pages = {107093},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107093},
pmid = {33091817},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe skin pustular drug reaction that can lead to life-threatening consequences. In this study, we have investigated the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AGEP in a tertiary skin hospital.<br><br>METHODS: From March 2007 to December 2019, medical records of all patients diagnosed with AGEP, were assessed. Demographic data, culprit drug, past medical history, laboratory tests, recurrence, and systemic organ involvement were all documented as well.<br><br>RESULTS: Seventy-four patients, including 54 women (73%) and 20 men (27%), with a mean age of 44.3 ± 16.5 years were evaluated. The most common comorbidities among the patients were rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. In addition, hydroxychloroquine, cephalosporin, and amoxicillin were found as the three most common medications associated with AGEP induction. Among the study group, seventeen (23%) patients had systemic organ involvement (nine (12.2%), six (8.1%), and five (6.8%) had hepatic, renal and pulmonary involvement, respectively). All patients responded to oral prednisolone within a median of five days (IQR = 4; ranged 2-14). The median duration of treatment was significantly longer in hydroxychloroquine group compared to other drugs (8 versus 5 days; HR 0.57,95%CI 0·35-0.91). Likewise, the median duration of treatment was significantly longer in febrile patients compared to the afebrile ones (7 versus 4 days; HR 0.46, 95%CI 0.25-0.85). Recurrence occurred in six patients after resuming treatment with the same medication. The mean Naranjo score was 7.6 ± 0.9 denoting a probable causal relationship.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In this study, we found that using hydroxychloroquine and presence of fever are the risk factors potentially leading to a prolonged treatment duration of AGEP.},
}
@article {pmid33091782,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, J and Landrum, MB and Zhou, L and Busch, AB},
title = {Disparities in outpatient visits for mental health and/or substance use disorders during the COVID surge and partial reopening in Massachusetts.},
journal = {General hospital psychiatry},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {100-106},
doi = {10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.09.004},
pmid = {33091782},
issn = {1873-7714},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in outpatient visits for mental health and/or substance use disorders (MH/SUD) in an integrated healthcare organization during the initial Massachusetts COVID-19 surge and partial state reopening.<br><br>METHODS: Observational study of outpatient MH/SUD visits January 1st-June 30th, 2018-2020 by: 1) visit diagnosis group, 2) provider type, 3) patient race/ethnicity, 4) insurance, and 5) visit method (telemedicine vs. in-person).<br><br>RESULTS: Each year, January-June 52,907-73,184 patients were seen for a MH/SUD visit. While non-MH/SUD visits declined during the surge relative to 2020 pre-pandemic (-38.2%), MH/SUD visits increased (9.1%)-concentrated in primary care (35.3%) and non-Hispanic Whites (10.5%). During the surge, MH visit volume increased 11.7% while SUD decreased 12.7%. During partial reopening, while MH visits returned to 2020 pre-pandemic levels, SUD visits declined 31.1%; MH/SUD visits decreased by Hispanics (-33.0%) and non-Hispanic Blacks (-24.6%), and among Medicaid (-19.4%) and Medicare enrollees (-20.9%). Telemedicine accounted for ~5% of MH/SUD visits pre-pandemic and 83.3%-83.5% since the surge.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: MH/SUD visit volume increased during the COVID surge and was supported by rapidly-scaled telemedicine. Despite this, widening diagnostic and racial/ethnic disparities in MH/SUD visit volume during the surge and reopening suggest additional barriers for these vulnerable populations, and warrant continued monitoring and research.},
}
@article {pmid33091766,
year = {2020},
author = {Taghizadeh, L and Karimi, A and Heitzinger, C},
title = {Uncertainty quantification in epidemiological models for the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {125},
number = {},
pages = {104011},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104011},
pmid = {33091766},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {Mathematical modeling of epidemiological diseases using differential equations are of great importance in order to recognize the characteristics of the diseases and their outbreak. The procedure of modeling consists of two essential components: the first component is to solve the mathematical model numerically, the so-called forward modeling. The second component is to identify the unknown parameter values in the model, which is known as inverse modeling and leads to identifying the epidemiological model more precisely. The main goal of this paper is to develop the forward and inverse modeling of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic using novel computational methodologies in order to accurately estimate and predict the pandemic. This leads to governmental decisions support in implementing effective protective measures and prevention of new outbreaks. To this end, we use the logistic equation and the SIR (susceptible-infected-removed) system of ordinary differential equations to model the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. For the inverse modeling, we propose Bayesian inversion techniques, which are robust and reliable approaches, in order to estimate the unknown parameters of the epidemiological models. We deploy an adaptive Markov-chain Monte-Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for the estimation of a posteriori probability distribution and confidence intervals for the unknown model parameters as well as for the reproduction number. We perform our analyses on the publicly available data for Austria to estimate the main epidemiological model parameters and to study the effectiveness of the protective measures by the Austrian government. The estimated parameters and the analysis of fatalities provide useful information for decision-makers and makes it possible to perform more realistic forecasts of future outbreaks. According to our Bayesian analysis for the logistic model, the growth rate and the carrying capacity are estimated respectively as 0.28 and 14974. Moreover for the parameters of the SIR model, namely the transmission rate and recovery rate, we estimate 0.36 and 0.06, respectively. Additionally, we obtained an average infectious period of 17 days and a transmission period of 3 days for COVID-19 in Austria. We also estimate the reproduction number over time for Austria. This quantity is estimated around 3 on March 26, when the first recovery was reported. Then it decays to 1 at the beginning of April. Furthermore, we present a fatality analysis for COVID-19 in Austria, which is also of importance for governmental protective decision-making. According to our analysis, the case fatality rate (CFR) is estimated as 4% and a prediction of the number of fatalities for the coming 10 days is also presented. Additionally, the ICU bed usage in Austria indicates that around 2% of the active infected individuals are critical cases and require ICU beds. Therefore, if Austrian governmental protective measures would not have taken place and for instance if the number of active infected cases would have been around five times larger, the ICU bed capacity could have been exceeded.},
}
@article {pmid33091762,
year = {2020},
author = {Ghosh, A and E-Roub, F and Krishnan, NC and Choudhury, S and Basu, A},
title = {Can google trends search inform us about the population response and public health impact of abrupt change in alcohol policy? - a case study from india during the covid-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The International journal on drug policy},
volume = {87},
number = {},
pages = {102984},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102984},
pmid = {33091762},
issn = {1873-4758},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sudden alcohol prohibition in India during the COVID-19 pandemic presented an opportunity to test whether Google Trends data could indicate population responses and the public health impact of alcohol policy. We hypothesized, following prohibition: there would be a significant change in the relative search volumes (RSV) of alcohol-related queries; that temporal analysis of the trends would reflect a public response to policy changes; and that geospatial analysis of RSV would correlate with the prevalence of alcohol use.<br><br>METHODS: Three different search periods were used to test the hypotheses. The search inputs were based on potential public response to alcohol prohibition, as evidenced by the literature, newspaper articles, and consensus. We used RSV as the unit of analysis. Mean RSV of search queries, pre-post implementation of prohibition, were compared. Smoothing of scatter plots examined the temporal association of trends with policy measures. Multiple linear regression tested the relationship of state-wise RSV and alcohol use prevalence.<br><br>RESULTS: Post-implementation of prohibition, a significant increase in the RSV was observed for searches related to alcohol withdrawal (p<0.001), how to extract alcohol from sanitizer (p = 0.002), alcohol home delivery online (p<0.001), alcohol home delivery (p<0.001), and sleeping pills (p = 0.006). The trends suggested a decrease in general interest in alcohol but increased demand, and a possible connection with changes in policy measures. State-level RSV and alcohol use prevalence did not reveal a significant relationship.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Google trend is a potential source of rapid feedback to policymakers about population responses to an abrupt change in alcohol policies.},
}
@article {pmid33091758,
year = {2020},
author = {Moradi, F and Enjezab, B and Ghadiri-Anari, A},
title = {The role of androgens in COVID-19.},
journal = {Diabetes &amp; metabolic syndrome},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {2003-2006},
doi = {10.1016/j.dsx.2020.10.014},
pmid = {33091758},
issn = {1878-0334},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a global health emergency. According to the findings, male patients with COVID-19 infection are at an increased risk for severe complications than females. The causes of this issue are unknown and are most probably multifactorial. Sexual hormones affect the immune system, so estrogen strengthens the immune system, and testosterone suppresses it. Due to the reports of the high prevalence of androgenic alopecia in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and a higher risk of respiratory disease and increased use of allergy/asthma medications among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) as a hyperandrogenism condition compared with non-PCOS women, this review aimed to evaluate androgens role in COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: 42 related articles from 2008 to 2020 were reviewed with the keywords of androgens, hormonal factors, and hair loss in combination with COVID-19 in medical research databases.<br><br>RESULTS: The evidence of transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) expression in lung tissue, which is an androgen-regulated gene and expressed mainly in the adult prostate may interpret the increased susceptibility of the male gender to severe COVID-19 complications. Moreover, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) acts as a functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and male hormones are effective in the ACE-2 passageway and simplify SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Further studies on the severity of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 in other hyperandrogenism conditions compared to the control group are recommended.},
}
@article {pmid33091743,
year = {2020},
author = {Chao, H and Fang, X and Zhang, J and Homayounieh, F and Arru, CD and Digumarthy, SR and Babaei, R and Mobin, HK and Mohseni, I and Saba, L and Carriero, A and Falaschi, Z and Pasche, A and Wang, G and Kalra, MK and Yan, P},
title = {Integrative analysis for COVID-19 patient outcome prediction.},
journal = {Medical image analysis},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {101844},
doi = {10.1016/j.media.2020.101844},
pmid = {33091743},
issn = {1361-8423},
abstract = {While image analysis of chest computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19 diagnosis has been intensively studied, little work has been performed for image-based patient outcome prediction. Management of high-risk patients with early intervention is a key to lower the fatality rate of COVID-19 pneumonia, as a majority of patients recover naturally. Therefore, an accurate prediction of disease progression with baseline imaging at the time of the initial presentation can help in patient management. In lieu of only size and volume information of pulmonary abnormalities and features through deep learning based image segmentation, here we combine radiomics of lung opacities and non-imaging features from demographic data, vital signs, and laboratory findings to predict need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. To our knowledge, this is the first study that uses holistic information of a patient including both imaging and non-imaging data for outcome prediction. The proposed methods were thoroughly evaluated on datasets separately collected from three hospitals, one in the United States, one in Iran, and another in Italy, with a total 295 patients with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay positive COVID-19 pneumonia. Our experimental results demonstrate that adding non-imaging features can significantly improve the performance of prediction to achieve AUC up to 0.884 and sensitivity as high as 96.1%, which can be valuable to provide clinical decision support in managing COVID-19 patients. Our methods may also be applied to other lung diseases including but not limited to community acquired pneumonia. The source code of our work is available at https://github.com/DIAL-RPI/COVID19-ICUPrediction.},
}
@article {pmid33091741,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhu, X and Song, B and Shi, F and Chen, Y and Hu, R and Gan, J and Zhang, W and Li, M and Wang, L and Gao, Y and Shan, F and Shen, D},
title = {Joint prediction and time estimation of COVID-19 developing severe symptoms using chest CT scan.},
journal = {Medical image analysis},
volume = {67},
number = {},
pages = {101824},
doi = {10.1016/j.media.2020.101824},
pmid = {33091741},
issn = {1361-8423},
abstract = {With the rapidly worldwide spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), it is of great importance to conduct early diagnosis of COVID-19 and predict the conversion time that patients possibly convert to the severe stage, for designing effective treatment plans and reducing the clinicians' workloads. In this study, we propose a joint classification and regression method to determine whether the patient would develop severe symptoms in the later time formulated as a classification task, and if yes, the conversion time will be predicted formulated as a classification task. To do this, the proposed method takes into account 1) the weight for each sample to reduce the outliers' influence and explore the problem of imbalance classification, and 2) the weight for each feature via a sparsity regularization term to remove the redundant features of the high-dimensional data and learn the shared information across two tasks, i.e., the classification and the regression. To our knowledge, this study is the first work to jointly predict the disease progression and the conversion time, which could help clinicians to deal with the potential severe cases in time or even save the patients' lives. Experimental analysis was conducted on a real data set from two hospitals with 408 chest computed tomography (CT) scans. Results show that our method achieves the best classification (e.g., 85.91% of accuracy) and regression (e.g., 0.462 of the correlation coefficient) performance, compared to all comparison methods. Moreover, our proposed method yields 76.97% of accuracy for predicting the severe cases, 0.524 of the correlation coefficient, and 0.55 days difference for the conversion time.},
}
@article {pmid33091718,
year = {2020},
author = {Caffo, O and Gasparro, D and Di Lorenzo, G and Volta, AD and Guglielmini, P and Zucali, P and Bortolus, R and Cavo, A and Ceresoli, G and Chiari, R and Fornarini, G and Fratino, L and Iaculli, A and Maruzzo, M and Masini, C and Morelli, F and Mucciarini, C and Procopio, G and Sabbatini, R and Verri, E and Kinspergher, S and Maines, F and Messina, C and Veccia, A and Donini, M},
title = {Incidence and outcomes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.},
journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)},
volume = {140},
number = {},
pages = {140-146},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2020.09.018},
pmid = {33091718},
issn = {1879-0852},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at increased risk of complicated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, but it is still unclear if the risk of mortality is influenced by cancer type or ongoing anti-cancer treatments. An interesting debate concerning the potential relationship between androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and SARS-CoV-2 infection has recently been opened in the case of prostate cancer (PC), and the aim of this multi-centre cohort study was to investigate the incidence and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostrate cancer (mCRPC).<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients with mCRPC who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recorded their baseline clinical characteristics, their history of PC and SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their oncological status and treatment at the time of infection. The primary study end point was the death rate and the possible impact of the patients' PC-related history and treatments on mortality.<br><br>RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 1433 patients with mCRPC attending the participating centres (2.3%) developed SARS-CoV-2 infection, 22 (64.7%) of whom were hospitalised. Most of the patients were symptomatic, the most frequent symptoms being fever (70.6%), dyspnoea (61.8%), cough (52.9%) and fatigue (38.2%). After a median follow-up of 21 days (interquartile range: 13-41), 13 patients had died (38.2%), 17 recovered (50.0%) and four (11.7%) were still infected. The number of treatments previously administered for mCRPC had a significant impact on mortality (p = 0.004).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings contribute additional data to the current debate concerning the postulated protective role of ADT, which seems to be less in patients with metastatic PC.},
}
@article {pmid33091712,
year = {2020},
author = {Dhiman, S and Sahu, PK and Reed, WR and Ganesh, GS and Goyal, RK and Jain, S},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and perceived strain among caregivers tending children with special needs.},
journal = {Research in developmental disabilities},
volume = {107},
number = {},
pages = {103790},
doi = {10.1016/j.ridd.2020.103790},
pmid = {33091712},
issn = {1873-3379},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While COVID-19 outbreak has had adverse psychological effects in children with special needs, the mental state and burden on their caregivers during this pandemic has yet to be reported.<br><br>AIMS: The objectives of this study were to describe the mental health status and the change in perceived strain among caregivers during the COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Two hundred sixty four caregivers completed an online survey that assessed demographics, use and perspective on tele-rehabilitation, homecare therapy, caregiver's strain and mental health.<br><br>OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: The prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress symptoms were found to be 62.5 %, 20.5 % and 36.4 % respectively. A significant difference in caregiver strain (p < 0.001, effect size = 0.93) was observed during the outbreak compared to levels pre-outbreak (pre-outbreak strain was measured retrospectively). Caregivers not using tele-rehabilitation along with a perception of it being a poor medium for rehabilitation were at greater risks for poor mental health whereas a negative perception on homecare therapy were strongly associated with higher psychological symptoms and strain.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: This study identified a high prevalence of depression and significant change in strain displayed by caregivers during the COVID-19 outbreak. We identified several factors associated with poor mental health and perceived strain that can be used to help safeguard caregivers.},
}
@article {pmid33091702,
year = {2020},
author = {Bourguignon, A and Beaulieu, C and Belkaid, W and Desilets, A and Blais, N},
title = {Incidence of thrombotic outcomes for patients hospitalized and discharged after COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {Thrombosis research},
volume = {196},
number = {},
pages = {491-493},
doi = {10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.017},
pmid = {33091702},
issn = {1879-2472},
}
@article {pmid33091701,
year = {2020},
author = {Brüggemann, RAG and Spaetgens, B and Gietema, HA and Brouns, SHA and Stassen, PM and Magdelijns, FJ and Rennenberg, RJ and Henry, RMA and Mulder, MMG and van Bussel, BCT and Schnabel, RM and van der Horst, ICC and Wildberger, JE and Stehouwer, CDA and Ten Cate, H},
title = {The prevalence of pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19 and respiratory decline: A three-setting comparison.},
journal = {Thrombosis research},
volume = {196},
number = {},
pages = {486-490},
doi = {10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.012},
pmid = {33091701},
issn = {1879-2472},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The risk of pulmonary embolism (PE) in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is recognized. The prevalence of PE in patients with respiratory deterioration at the Emergency Department (ED), the regular ward, and the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are not well-established.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: We aimed to investigate how often PE was present in individuals with COVID-19 and respiratory deterioration in different settings, and whether or not disease severity as measured by CT-severity score (CTSS) was related to the occurrence of PE.<br><br>PATIENTS/METHODS: Between April 6th and May 3rd, we enrolled 60 consecutive adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 from the ED, regular ward and ICU who met the pre-specified criteria for respiratory deterioration.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 24 (24/60: 40% (95% CI: 28-54%)) patients were diagnosed with PE, of whom 6 were in the ED (6/23: 26% (95% CI: 10-46%)), 8 in the regular ward (8/24: 33% (95% CI: 16-55%)), and 10 in the ICU (10/13: 77% (95% CI: 46-95%)). CTSS (per unit) was not associated with the occurrence of PE (age and sex-adjusted OR 1.06 (95%CI 0.98-1.15)).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The number of PE diagnosis among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory deterioration was high; 26% in the ED, 33% in the regular ward and 77% in the ICU respectively. In our cohort CTSS was not associated with the occurrence of PE. Based on the high number of patients diagnosed with PE among those scanned we recommend a low threshold for performing computed tomography angiography in patients with COVID-19 and respiratory deterioration.},
}
@article {pmid33091700,
year = {2020},
author = {Daughety, MM and Morgan, A and Frost, E and Kao, C and Hwang, J and Tobin, R and Patel, B and Fuller, M and Welsby, I and Ortel, TL},
title = {COVID-19 associated coagulopathy: Thrombosis, hemorrhage and mortality rates with an escalated-dose thromboprophylaxis strategy.},
journal = {Thrombosis research},
volume = {196},
number = {},
pages = {483-485},
doi = {10.1016/j.thromres.2020.10.004},
pmid = {33091700},
issn = {1879-2472},
}
@article {pmid33091672,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahmoud, HK and Asghar, BH and Harras, MF and Farghaly, TA},
title = {Nano-sized formazan analogues: Synthesis, structure elucidation, antimicrobial activity and docking study for COVID-19.},
journal = {Bioorganic chemistry},
volume = {105},
number = {},
pages = {104354},
doi = {10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104354},
pmid = {33091672},
issn = {1090-2120},
abstract = {Three series of nanosized-formazan analogues were synthesized from the reaction of dithiazone with various types of α-haloketones (ester and acetyl substituted hydrazonoyl chlorides and phenacyl bromides) in sodium ethoxide solution. The structure and the crystal size of the new synthesized derivatives were assured based on the spectral analyses, XRD and SEM data. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated by agar diffusion technique. The results showed mild to moderate antibacterial activities and moderate to potent antifungal activities. Significant antifungal activities were observed for four derivatives 3a, 3d, 5a and 5g on the pathogenic fungal strains; Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans with inhibition zone ranging from 16 to 20 mm. Molecular docking simulations of the synthesized compounds into leucyl-tRNA synthetase editing domain of Candida albicans suggested that most formazan analogues can fit deeply forming stable complexes in the active site. Furthermore, we utilized the docking approach to examine the potential of these compounds to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The results were very promising verifying these formazan analogues as a hopeful antiviral agents.},
}
@article {pmid33091636,
year = {2020},
author = {Thomas, I and Siew, LQC and Rutkowski, K},
title = {Synchronous Telemedicine in Allergy: Lessons Learned and Transformation of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2020.10.013},
pmid = {33091636},
issn = {2213-2201},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic facilitated a rapid transition to non-face-to-face models of care across the allergy services.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes of the use of synchronous telemedicine for outpatient consultations in a tertiary adult allergy centre.<br><br>METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all non-face-to-face appointments during the second month of the pandemic in the UK.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 637 non-face-to-face appointments for unique patients were booked between 1 and 30 April 2020; 91% were new consultations. Most referrals (81.5%) were related to non-drug reactions. The overall 'Did Not Attend' rate was 15.7%. A total of 439 patients were assessed for non-drug reactions; 87% were new appointments. Food-related reactions (50.4%), urticaria/angioedema (23.2%) and rhinitis (18.1%) were the most common reasons for new referrals. Two hundred twenty-one (57.7%) of these patients required further allergy testing, primarily for suspected food allergy. More than 42% of the new patients, mainly referred for urticaria/angioedema, were discharged following their remote assessment. Less than 10% of the follow-up patients required additional testing. Ninety-seven new patients were assessed for a suspected drug reaction, predominantly to beta-lactam antibiotics (57.7%). Sixty-nine patients (71%) required further investigations, but a notable 29% did not require further allergy input. The overall experience was very good/good for most patients (85%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Telemedicine can transform the current models of allergy care. Screening criteria for selecting suitable new patients are required. A telemedicine-based drug allergy service model can be more time- and cost-effective, and improve patient access to specialist care.},
}
@article {pmid33091590,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, N and Rai, S and Singh, V and Singh, MP},
title = {Molecular characterization, pathogen-host interaction pathway and in silico approaches for vaccine design against COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of chemical neuroanatomy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101874},
doi = {10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101874},
pmid = {33091590},
issn = {1873-6300},
abstract = {COVID-19 has forsaken the world because of extremely high infection rates and high mortality rates. At present we have neither medicine nor vaccine to prevent this pandemic. Lockdowns, curfews, isolations, quarantines, and social distancing are the only ways to mitigate their infection. This is badly affecting the mental health of people. Hence, there is an urgent need to address this issue. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by a novel Betacorona virus named SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) which has emerged in the city of Wuhan in China and declared a pandemic by WHO since it affected almost all the countries the world, infected 24,182,030 people and caused 825,798 death as per data are compiled from John Hopkins University (JHU). The genome of SARS-CoV-2 has a single-stranded positive (+) sense RNA of ∼30 kb nucleotides. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that SARS-CoV-2 shares the highest nucleotide sequence similarity (∼79%) with SARS-CoV. Envelope and nucleocapsids are two evolutionary conserved regions of SARS-CoV-2 having a sequence identity of about 96% and 89.6%, respectively as compared to SARS-CoV. The characterization of SARS-CoV-2 is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Transmission of this virus in the human occurs through the respiratory tract and decreases the respiration efficiency of lungs. Humans are generally susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 with an incubation period of 2-14 days. The virus first infects the lower airway and bind with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of alveolar epithelial cells. Due to the unavailability of drugs or vaccines, it is very urgent to design potential vaccines or drugs for COVID-19. Reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatic play an important role in designing potential vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The suitable vaccine selects for SARS-CoV-2 based on binding energy between the target protein and the designed vaccine. The stability and activity of the designed vaccine can be estimated by using molecular docking and dynamic simulation approaches. This review mainly focused on the brief up to date information about COVID-19, molecular characterization, pathogen-host interaction pathways involved during COVID-19 infection. It also covers potential vaccine design against COVID-19 by using various computational approaches. SARS-CoV-2 enters brain tissue through the different pathway and harm human's brain and causes severe neurological disruption.},
}
@article {pmid33091582,
year = {2020},
author = {Dawood, AA and Altobje, MA},
title = {Tunicamycin, an anticancer drug and inhibitor of N- linked glycosylation proteins is reliable to treat COVID-19.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104586},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104586},
pmid = {33091582},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks remains a medical and economic challenge, due to the lack of a suitable drug or vaccine. The glycans in some proteins play a pivotal role in protein folding, oligomerization, quality control, sorting, and transport so the hindering of N-linked glycosylation of glycoproteins will prevent assembly of the virion. Tunicamycin and anticancer drug inhibit the N- linked glycans. Our study aimed to find out the mechanism action of tunicamycin on the viral glycoproteins. The growth of coronavirus in the presence inhibitor tunicamycin resulted in the production of spikeless, non-infectious virions which were devoid of S protein. We concluded that tunicamycin inhibits E2, S, and M glycoproteins of coronaviruses. Tunicamycin is also diminished glycosylation od PTMs such as HE, and 8 ab of SARS-CoV. Finally, we recommend using this drug to treat the SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33091573,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, D and Wasan, H and Reeta, KH},
title = {Heme oxygenase-1 modulation: a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19 and associated complications.},
journal = {Free radical biology &amp; medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.10.016},
pmid = {33091573},
issn = {1873-4596},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to infect hundred thousands of people every day worldwide. Since it is a novel virus, research continues to update the possible therapeutic targets when new evidence regarding COVID-19 are gathered. This article presents an evidence-based hypothesis that activating the heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is a potential target for COVID-19. Interferons (IFNs) have broad-spectrum antiviral activity including against SARS-CoV-2. Induction of HO-1 and increase in the heme catabolism end-product confer antiviral activity. IFN activation-results in inhibition of viral replication in various viral infections. COVID-19 induces inflammation as well as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and coagulopathies are now known major causes of mortality. A protective role of HO-1 induction in inflammation, inflammation-induced coagulation, and ARDS has been reported. Based on an association of HO-1 promoter polymorphisms and disease severity, we propose an evaluation of the status of these polymorphisms in COVID-19 patients who become severely ill. If an association is established, it might be helpful in identifying patients at high risk. Hence, we hypothesize that HO-1 pathway activation could be a therapeutic strategy against COVID-19 and associated complications.},
}
@article {pmid33091555,
year = {2020},
author = {Cariou, B and Goronflot, T and Rimbert, A and Boullu, S and Le May, C and Moulin, P and Pichelin, M and Potier, L and Smati, S and Sultan, A and Tramunt, B and Wargny, M and Gourdy, P and Hadjadj, S and , },
title = {Routine use of statins and increased mortality related to COVID-19 in inpatients with type 2 diabetes: Results from the CORONADO study.},
journal = {Diabetes &amp; metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabet.2020.10.001},
pmid = {33091555},
issn = {1878-1780},
abstract = {AIM: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represent a high-risk population for both cardiovascular diseases and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Recent studies have reported interactions between statin treatment and COVID-19-related outcomes. The study reported here specifically assessed the association between routine statin use and COVID-19-related outcomes in inpatients with T2DM.<br><br>METHODS: The Coronavirus-SARS-CoV-2 and Diabetes Outcomes (CORONADO) study was a nationwide observational study aiming to describe the phenotypic characteristics and prognosis of T2DM patients with COVID-19 admitted to 68 French hospitals between 10 March and 10 April 2020. The composite primary outcome comprised tracheal intubation and/or death within 7 and 28 days of admission. The association between statin use and outcomes was estimated by logistic regression analysis after applying inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using a propensity score-weighting approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 2449 patients with T2DM (881 women, 1568 men; aged 70.9 ± 12.5 years) suitable for analysis, 1192 (49%) were using statin treatment before admission. In unadjusted analyses, patients using statins had rates of the primary outcome similar to those of non-users within both 7 (29.8% vs 27.0%, respectively; P = 0.1338) and 28 days (36.2% vs 33.8%, respectively; P = 0.2191) of admission. However, mortality rates were significantly higher in statin users within 7 (12.8% vs 9.8%, respectively; P = 0.02) and 28 days (23.9% vs 18.2%, respectively; P < 0.001). After applying IPTW, significant associations were observed with statin use and the primary outcome within 7 days (OR [95% CI]: 1.38 [1.04-1.83]) and with death within both 7 (OR [95% CI]: 1.74 [1.13-2.65]) and 28 days (OR [95% CI]: 1.46 [1.08-1.95]).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Routine statin treatment is significantly associated with increased mortality in T2DM patients hospitalized for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33091548,
year = {2020},
author = {Abou-Hamdan, M and Hamze, K and Sater, AA and Akl, H and El-Zein, N and Dandache, I and Abdel-Sater, F},
title = {Variant analysis of the first Lebanese SARS-CoV-2 isolates.},
journal = {Genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.10.021},
pmid = {33091548},
issn = {1089-8646},
abstract = {Recently the first genome sequences for 11 SARS-CoV-2 isolates from Lebanon became available. Here, we report the detection of variants within the genome of these strains. Pairwise alignment analysis using blastx was performed between these sequences and the UniProtKB data for the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus to identify amino acid variations. Variants analysis was performed using multiple Bioinformatics tools. We noticed for the first time 18 mutations that have never been reported before. Among those, a frame shift (8651A>) in NSP4, a stop codon 6887A > T in NSP3 and two missense mutations in spike S2 were found. In addition, we found 28 variants in ORF1ab alone. A previously reported variant, 23403A > G, in the spike protein S2 was mostly seen. Two other known mutations 25563G > T in ORF3a and 14408C > T in ORF1ab were detected respectively in 6 and 8 out of the 11 isolates. Our results may help to prognose forthcoming infections in this region.},
}
@article {pmid33091523,
year = {2020},
author = {Moroni, F and Baldetti, L},
title = {COVID-19 and arterial thrombosis: A potentially fatal combination.},
journal = {International journal of cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.10.046},
pmid = {33091523},
issn = {1874-1754},
}
@article {pmid33091511,
year = {2020},
author = {Weinheimer, CM and Ellsworth, M and Ferguson, L and Boston, K and Haltiwanger, B and Pavlovitch, S and Warren, M and Patel, B and Katz, J and Ostrosky-Zeichner, L},
title = {Reprocessing N95s with Hydrogen peroxide vaporization: A robust system from collection to dispensing.},
journal = {American journal of infection control},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.011},
pmid = {33091511},
issn = {1527-3296},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV2 pandemic has created extreme shortages of n95 mask necessitating the need for rapid development of reuse and reprocessing plans. Our aim was to create a process to recapture, reprocess, and redistribute n95 masks using hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) as a real time disinfection method within a large hospital system. We were able to recapture and reprocess 29, 706 n95 masks using HPV with approximately 25% loss due to damage.},
}
@article {pmid33091509,
year = {2020},
author = {McQuerry, M and Easter, E and Cao, A},
title = {Disposable versus Reusable Medical Gowns: A Performance Comparison.},
journal = {American journal of infection control},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.013},
pmid = {33091509},
issn = {1527-3296},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical gowns are essential personal protective equipment (PPE) that prevent the spread of microorganisms and bodily fluids. During surge capacity situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, reusable PPE is often recommended due to shortages.<br><br>METHODS: This research evaluated the performance of disposable versus reusable medical gowns by assessing their ability to provide adequate protection across their expected service lifespan. Level I, II, &amp; III gowns were tested for water resistance and hydrostatic pressure, along with other durability assessments (breaking, tear, and seam strength, pilling resistance, dimensional stability, air permeability, colorfastness, and fabric hand) per standard test methods. Data was collected at new for the disposable gowns and after 1, 25, 50, and 75 industrial launderings for the reusable gowns. Results were compared to AAMI PB70 performance specifications.<br><br>RESULTS: Level I and II disposable gowns did not meet AAMI performance specifications for impact penetration water resistance. All three levels of disposable gowns also failed to meet ASTM performance requirements for breaking strength in the crosswise direction.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The adoption of reusable gowns may result in increased protection and significant cost savings due to their superior durability and sustainability when compared to disposable gowns.},
}
@article {pmid33091508,
year = {2020},
author = {Aliyu, S and Norful, A and Schroeder, K and Odlum, M and Glica, B and Travers, J},
title = {The powder keg: Lessons learned about clinical staff preparedness during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {American journal of infection control},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.10.014},
pmid = {33091508},
issn = {1527-3296},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known about clinical staff's perspectives on preparedness for a pandemic. The purpose of this study was to obtain various clinical staff perspectives about preparedness to meet the demands for care during the early phase of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured in-person interviews from March 2020 to April 2020 at a large tertiary academic urban hospital center. Interview guides were informed by the Resilience Framework for Public Health Emergency Preparedness and analyzed using a directed content analysis approach.<br><br>RESULTS: Fifty-five clinical staff participated in the study. Three themes emerged from the data: 1) Risk assessment and planning: &quot;The powder keg&quot;, 2) Innovative evolution of roles and responsibilities, and 3) Pandemic response and capacity. In the early phases of the pandemic, participants reported varying levels of risks for dying. However, most participants adapted to practice changes and became innovative in their roles over time. Hierarchies were less relevant during care delivery, whereas team collaboration became crucial in managing workforce capacity.<br><br>DISCUSSION: As the pandemic progressed, staff preparedness evolved through a trial-and-error approach.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The pandemic is evolving as is clinical staff preparedness to meet the demands of a pandemic. In order to get a grasp on the crisis, clinical staff relied on each other and resorted to new workarounds.},
}
@article {pmid33091482,
year = {2020},
author = {Ali, SA and Azim, D and Hassan, HM and Iqbal, A and Ahmed, N and Kumar, S and Nasim, S},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 on Transfusion-Dependent Thalassemia Patients of Karachi, Pakistan: A Single-Center Experience.},
journal = {Transfusion clinique et biologique : journal de la Societe francaise de transfusion sanguine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tracli.2020.10.006},
pmid = {33091482},
issn = {1953-8022},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: With the advent of COVID-19 in Pakistan, the already fragmented blood transfusion services (BTS) received a severe blow, putting the lives of transfusion-dependent thalassemia children on stake. This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 on blood transfusion therapy (BTT) of thalassemia patients and suggest ways to ensure safe and reliable blood supplies amid such health crises.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2019 (before COVID-19) to July 2020 (during COVID-19) based on the data provided by a thalassemia center, named Help International Welfare Trust, Karachi, Pakistan. SPSS version 24.0 was used for the data analysis. Data were described in the form of means and percentages.<br><br>RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the consumption of PRBCs bags after the emergence of COVID-19 (p=0.002). Moreover, the number of thalassemia patients receiving BTT was dropped by 10.56% during the pandemic. There was a strong negative correlation observed between the rising cases of COVID-19 in Pakistan and the number of patients missing their therapy sessions (r=-0.914, p=0.030). A considerable decline in the reserves of all Rhesus-negative blood groups amid the COVID-19 outbreak was also observed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected the already suboptimal care catered to thalassemia patients in Karachi, Pakistan. The fear of the virus contraction coupled with the lockdown and restricted mobility has disrupted the entire transfusion chain from donor to the recipient. Collaborated efforts by the government and healthcare authorities are essential to ensure sufficient blood for thalassemia patients amid the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091436,
year = {2020},
author = {Coates, PT},
title = {A Kidney International &quot;Journal of the COVID-19 Year&quot; in Kidney Transplantation.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.kint.2020.10.006},
pmid = {33091436},
issn = {1523-1755},
}
@article {pmid33091434,
year = {2020},
author = {Choi, SW and Shin, JS and Park, SJ and Jung, E and Park, YG and Lee, J and Kim, SJ and Park, HJ and Lee, JH and Park, SM and Moon, SH and Ban, K and Go, YY},
title = {Antiviral activity and safety of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 infection in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.},
journal = {Antiviral research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104955},
doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104955},
pmid = {33091434},
issn = {1872-9096},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is considered as the most significant global public health crisis of the century. Several drug candidates have been suggested as potential therapeutic options for COVID-19, including remdesivir, currently the only authorized drug for use under an Emergency Use Authorization. However, there is only limited information regarding the safety profiles of the proposed drugs, in particular drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Here, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy and cardiotoxicity of remdesivir using cardiomyocytes-derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC-CMs) as an alternative source of human primary cardiomyocytes (CMs). In this study, remdesivir exhibited up to 60-fold higher antiviral activity in hPSC-CMs compared to Vero E6 cells; however, it also induced moderate cardiotoxicity in these cells. To gain further insight into the drug-induced arrhythmogenic risk, we assessed QT interval prolongation and automaticity of remdesivir-treated hPSC-CMs using a multielectrode array (MEA). As a result, the data indicated a potential risk of QT prolongation when remdesivir is used at concentrations higher than the estimated peak plasma concentration. Therefore, we conclude that close monitoring of the electrocardiographic/QT interval should be advised in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients under remdesivir medication, in particular individuals with pre-existing heart conditions.},
}
@article {pmid33091418,
year = {2020},
author = {Rao, S and Kwan, BM and Curtis, D and Swanson, A and Bakel, LA and Bajaj, L and Boguniewicz, J and Lockwood, J and Ogawa, K and Katherine, P and Fuhlbrigge, RC and Brumbaugh, D and Givens, P and Grayck, EN and Sills, MR},
title = {Implementation of a Rapid Evidence Assessment Infrastructure during the COVID-19 Pandemic to Develop Policies, Clinical Pathways, Stimulate Academic Research, and Create Educational Opportunities.},
journal = {The Journal of pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.029},
pmid = {33091418},
issn = {1097-6833},
}
@article {pmid33091416,
year = {2020},
author = {Hu, J and Jolkkonen, J and Zhao, C},
title = {Neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 and its neuropathological alterations: similarities with other coronaviruses.},
journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.10.012},
pmid = {33091416},
issn = {1873-7528},
abstract = {A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged from Wuhan, China, and spread quickly around the world. In addition to fever, cough and shortness of breath, it was confirmed that the patients also have manifestations towards the central nervous system (CNS), especially those critically ill ones. In this review, we will discuss how SARS-CoV-2 gain access to the CNS and the possible consequences. Both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 in 2002 share the same receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which can be found in the brain and mediate the disease process. Both direct attack of SARS-CoV-2 and the abnormal immune response in the CNS would contribute to the disease. Also, there is a relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and the occurrence of acute cerebrovascular diseases.},
}
@article {pmid33091414,
year = {2020},
author = {Min, C and Shen, F and Yu, W and Chu, Y},
title = {The relationship between government trust and preventive behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: Exploring the roles of knowledge and negative emotion.},
journal = {Preventive medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106288},
doi = {10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106288},
pmid = {33091414},
issn = {1096-0260},
abstract = {Government trust is known to be associated with preventive practices during pandemics, but few studies have explored the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship between trust and preventive behaviors. The aim of this study was to explore the roles of knowledge and negative emotion in conditioning the relationship between trust and preventive measures during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Data from a cross-sectional survey of 3000 Chinese adults [mean (SD) age 36.93 (12.11) years; 52.4% male], conducted using quota-sampling method (March 2-2020 to March 23-2020), were analyzed. Overall, respondents performed recommended preventive measures more frequently (3.21 out of 4) than excessive preventive measures (2.11 out of 4). Government trust was positively associated with both officially recommended (b = 0.12; 95%CI = 0.18, 0.25) and excessive preventive behaviors (b = 0.07; 95%CI = 0.03, 0.10). The positive relationship between trust and excessive preventive behaviors was found to be statistically significant only among those with low levels of COVID-19 knowledge. Officially recommended preventive behavior is most likely to happen when there is a combination of high levels of government trust and low levels of negative emotion. Therefore, government trust increases both official and excessive (sometimes unscientific) preventive behaviors. Interventions shall aim to enhance people's COVID-19 knowledge and to reduce negative emotions.},
}
@article {pmid33091406,
year = {2020},
author = {Patberg, ET and Adams, T and Rekawek, P and Vahanian, SA and Akerman, M and Hernandez, A and Rapkiewicz, AV and Ragolia, L and Sicuranza, G and Chavez, MR and Vintzileos, AM and Khullar, P},
title = {COVID-19 Infection and Placental Histopathology in Women Delivering at Term.},
journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.020},
pmid = {33091406},
issn = {1097-6868},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: - There is a paucity of data describing the effects of COVID-19, especially in asymptomatic patients, on placental pathology. Although the pathophysiology of COVID-19 is not completely understood, there is emerging evidence that it causes a severe systemic inflammatory response and results in a hypercoagulable state with widespread microthrombi. We hypothesized that it is plausible that a similar disease process may occur in the fetal-maternal unit.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: - The aim of this study was to determine whether COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery, including women without COVID-19 symptomatology, is associated with increased placental injury compared to a cohort of COVID-19 negative controls.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: - This was a retrospective cohort study performed at NYU Winthrop Hospital between 3/31/2020 and 6/17/2020. During the study period all women admitted to Labor and Delivery were routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 regardless of symptomatology. The placental histopathological findings of COVID-19 patients (n=77) who delivered a singleton gestation at term were compared to a control group of term patients without COVID-19 (n=56). Controls were excluded if they had obstetric or medical complications including fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, hypertension, diabetes, coagulopathy or thrombophilia. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed for variables that were significant in univariable analyses. A subgroup analysis was also performed comparing asymptomatic COVID-19 cases to negative controls.<br><br>RESULTS: - In univariable analyses, COVID-19 cases were more likely to have evidence of fetal vascular malperfusion, i.e. presence of avascular villi and/or mural fibrin deposition (32.5% (25/77) vs. 3.6% (2/56), p<0.0001) and villitis of unknown etiology (20.8% (16/77) vs. 7.1% (4/56), p=0.030). These findings persisted in a subgroup analysis of asymptomatic COVID-19 cases compared to COVID-19 negative controls. In a multivariable model adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, mode of delivery, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction and oligohydramnios, the frequency of fetal vascular malperfusion abnormalities remained significantly higher in the COVID-19 group (OR= 12.63, 95% CI [2.40, 66.40]). While the frequency of villitis of unknown etiology was more than double in COVID-19 cases compared to controls, this did not reach statistical significance in a similar multivariable model (OR=2.11, 95% CI [0.50, 8.97]). All neonates of mothers with COVID-19 tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: - Despite the fact that all neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by PCR, we found that COVID-19 in term patients admitted to Labor and Delivery is associated with increased rates of placental histopathologic abnormalities, particularly fetal vascular malperfusion and villitis of unknown etiology. These findings appear to occur even among asymptomatic term patients.},
}
@article {pmid33091399,
year = {2020},
author = {Hardy, ÉJ and Flori, P},
title = {[Epidemiological specificities of COVID-19 in Africa: Current or future public health concern?].},
journal = {Annales pharmaceutiques francaises},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pharma.2020.10.011},
pmid = {33091399},
issn = {0003-4509},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Africa is the continent which is the least equipped to fight the COVID-19 epidemic. However, Africa, which represents 17% of the world's population, is estimated to have only 5% of global cases (source: WHO on 2020/08/04). In this work, the authors try to identify and understand the reasons for these epidemiological data.<br><br>METHOD: Some follow-up indicators have been carried out, mainly through WHO reports. These data were compared with the literature and the field expertise of the association &quot;Biologie sans frontières&quot; in Africa.<br><br>RESULTS: The following points mark the particularity of COVID-19 in Africa: (1) insufficient diagnostic capacity (linked to gross national product), (2) a younger population limiting the population at risk and the number of deaths, (3) a favourable climate (hot and humid) which is decreasing viral transmission, (4) some socio-cultural factors that can reduce cases reporting.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Today, this health crisis is omnipresent while the number of deaths remains limited in Africa. Simultaneously, actions concerning African public health priorities (malaria, diarrhoea, AIDS...) are interrupted or slowed down.},
}
@article {pmid33091390,
year = {2020},
author = {Meisenberg, BR},
title = {Medical Staff Responses to Covid-19 &quot;Data&quot;: Have We Misplaced Our Skeptic's Eye?.},
journal = {The American journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.09.013},
pmid = {33091390},
issn = {1555-7162},
}
@article {pmid33091386,
year = {2020},
author = {Ong, CSH and Lu, J and Tan, YQ and Tan, LGL and Tiong, HY},
title = {Implementation of a ureteric colic telemedicine service: a mixed methods quality improvement study.},
journal = {Urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2020.10.010},
pmid = {33091386},
issn = {1527-9995},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a telemedicine service for ureteric colic patients in reducing the number of unnecessary face-to-face consultations and shortening waiting time for appointments.<br><br>METHODS: A telemedicine workflow was implemented as a quality improvement study using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method. All patients presenting with ureteric colic without high-risk features of fever, severe pain, and hydronephrosis, were recruited, and face-to-face appointments to review scan results were replaced with phone consultations. Data was prospectively collected over three years (January 2017 to December 2019). Patient outcomes including the reduction in face-to-face review visits, time to review, reattendance and intervention rates, were tracked in an interrupted time-series analysis, and qualitative feedback was obtained from patients and clinicians.<br><br>RESULTS: 53.2% of patients presenting with ureteric colic were recruited into the telemedicine workflow. 465 patients (46.2%) had normal scan results and 250 patients (24.9%) did not attend their scan appointments, hence reducing the number of face-to-face consultations by 71.1%. 230 patients (22.9%) required subsequent follow-up with urology, while 61 patients (6.1%) were referred to other specialties. Mean (SD) time to review was 30.0 (6.2) days, 6-month intervention rate was 3.4% (n=34) and unplanned reattendance rate was 3.2% (n=32). 93.1% of patients reported satisfaction with the service.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The ureteric colic telemedicine service successfully and sustainably reduced the number of face-to-face consultations and time to review without compromising on patient safety. The availability of this telemedicine service has become even more important in helping us provide care to patients with ureteric colic in the current COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091384,
year = {2020},
author = {Taffel, MT and Hochman, KA and Chhor, CM and Alaia, EF and Borja, MJ and Sondhi, J and Lala, SV and Tong, A},
title = {Impact on Participants of Family Connect, a Novel Program Linking COVID-19 Inpatients' Families With the Frontline Providers.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacr.2020.08.019},
pmid = {33091384},
issn = {1558-349X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: With clinical volumes decreased, radiologists volunteered to participate virtually in daily clinical rounds and provide communication between frontline physicians and patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their families affected by restrictive hospital visitation policies. The purpose of this survey-based assessment was to demonstrate the beneficial effects of radiologist engagement during this pandemic and potentially in future crises if needed.<br><br>METHODS: After the program's completion, a survey consisting of 13 multiple-choice and open-ended questions was distributed to the 69 radiologists who volunteered for a minimum of 7 days. The survey focused on how the experience would change future practice, the nature of interaction with medical students, and the motivation for volunteering. The electronic medical record system identified the patients who tested positive for or were suspected of having COVID-19 and the number of notes documenting family communication.<br><br>RESULTS: In all, 69 radiologists signed or cosigned 7,027 notes. Of the 69 radiologists, 60 (87.0%) responded to the survey. All found the experience increased their understanding of COVID-19 and its effect on the health care system. Overall, 59.6% agreed that participation would result in future change in communication with patients and their families. Nearly all (98.1%) who worked with medical students agreed that their experience with medical students was rewarding. A majority (82.7%) chose to participate as a way to provide service to the patient population.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This program provided support to frontline inpatient teams while also positively affecting the radiologist participants. If a similar situation arises in the future, this communication tool could be redeployed, especially with the collaboration of medical students.},
}
@article {pmid33091382,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhou, T and Teng, IT and Olia, AS and Cerutti, G and Gorman, J and Nazzari, A and Shi, W and Tsybovsky, Y and Wang, L and Wang, S and Zhang, B and Zhang, Y and Katsamba, PS and Petrova, Y and Banach, BB and Fahad, AS and Liu, L and Lopez Acevedo, SN and Madan, B and Oliveira de Souza, M and Pan, X and Wang, P and Wolfe, JR and Yin, M and Ho, DD and Phung, E and DiPiazza, A and Chang, LA and Abiona, OM and Corbett, KS and DeKosky, BJ and Graham, BS and Mascola, JR and Misasi, J and Ruckwardt, T and Sullivan, NJ and Shapiro, L and Kwong, PD},
title = {Structure-Based Design with Tag-Based Purification and In-Process Biotinylation Enable Streamlined Development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Molecular Probes.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108322},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108322},
pmid = {33091382},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Biotin-labeled molecular probes, comprising specific regions of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike, would be helpful in the isolation and characterization of antibodies targeting this recently emerged pathogen. Here, we design constructs incorporating an N-terminal purification tag, a site-specific protease-cleavage site, the probe region of interest, and a C-terminal sequence targeted by biotin ligase. Probe regions include full-length spike ectodomain as well as various subregions, and we also design mutants that eliminate recognition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Yields of biotin-labeled probes from transient transfection range from ∼0.5 mg/L for the complete ectodomain to >5 mg/L for several subregions. Probes are characterized for antigenicity and ACE2 recognition, and the structure of the spike ectodomain probe is determined by cryoelectron microscopy. We also characterize antibody-binding specificities and cell-sorting capabilities of the biotinylated probes. Altogether, structure-based design coupled to efficient purification and biotinylation processes can thus enable streamlined development of SARS-CoV-2 spike ectodomain probes.},
}
@article {pmid33091381,
year = {2020},
author = {Trama, A and Proto, C and Whisenant, JG and Torri, V and Cortellini, A and Michielin, O and Barlesi, F and Dingemans, AC and Van Meerbeeck, J and Pancaldi, V and Mazieres, J and Soo, RA and Leighl, NB and Peters, S and Wakelee, H and Horn, L and Hellmann, M and Wong, SK and Garassino, MC and Baena, J},
title = {Supporting Clinical Decision-Making during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic through a Global Research Commitment: The TERAVOLT Experience.},
journal = {Cancer cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ccell.2020.10.002},
pmid = {33091381},
issn = {1878-3686},
abstract = {To understand the real impact of COVID-19 on cancer patients, an entirely new data collection effort was initiated within the Thoracic Cancers International COVID-19 Collaboration (TERAVOLT). TERAVOLT reported high mortality related to COVID-19 infection in thoracic cancer patients and identified several negative prognostic factors. In this commentary, we discuss the importance and limits of patient registries to support decision-making in thoracic cancer during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091374,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, W and Kandula, S and Huynh, M and Greene, SK and Van Wye, G and Li, W and Chan, HT and McGibbon, E and Yeung, A and Olson, D and Fine, A and Shaman, J},
title = {Estimating the infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2 in New York City during the spring 2020 pandemic wave: a model-based analysis.},
journal = {The Lancet. Infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30769-6},
pmid = {33091374},
issn = {1474-4457},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, the infection-fatality risk (ie, risk of death among all infected individuals including those with asymptomatic and mild infections) is crucial for gauging the burden of death due to COVID-19 in the coming months or years. Here, we estimate the infection-fatality risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in New York City, NY, USA, the first epidemic centre in the USA, where the infection-fatality risk remains unclear.<br><br>METHODS: In this model-based analysis, we developed a meta-population network model-inference system to estimate the underlying SARS-CoV-2 infection rate in New York City during the 2020 spring pandemic wave using available case, mortality, and mobility data. Based on these estimates, we further estimated the infection-fatality risk for all ages overall and for five age groups (<25, 25-44, 45-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years) separately, during the period March 1 to June 6, 2020 (ie, before the city began a phased reopening).<br><br>FINDINGS: During the period March 1 to June 6, 2020, 205 639 people had a laboratory-confirmed infection with SARS-CoV-2 and 21 447 confirmed and probable COVID-19-related deaths occurred among residents of New York City. We estimated an overall infection-fatality risk of 1·39% (95% credible interval 1·04-1·77) in New York City. Our estimated infection-fatality risk for the two oldest age groups (65-74 and ≥75 years) was much higher than the younger age groups, with a cumulative estimated infection-fatality risk of 0·116% (0·0729-0·148) for those aged 25-44 years and 0·939% (0·729-1·19) for those aged 45-64 years versus 4·87% (3·37-6·89) for those aged 65-74 years and 14·2% (10·2-18·1) for those aged 75 years and older. In particular, weekly infection-fatality risk was estimated to be as high as 6·72% (5·52-8·01) for those aged 65-74 years and 19·1% (14·7-21·9) for those aged 75 years and older.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Our results are based on more complete ascertainment of COVID-19-related deaths in New York City than other places and thus probably reflect the true higher burden of death due to COVID-19 than that previously reported elsewhere. Given the high infection-fatality risk of SARS-CoV-2, governments must account for and closely monitor the infection rate and population health outcomes and enact prompt public health responses accordingly as the COVID-19 pandemic unfolds.<br><br>FUNDING: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Science Foundation Rapid Response Research Program, and New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene.},
}
@article {pmid33091372,
year = {2020},
author = {Rakotosamimanana, N and Randrianirina, F and Randremanana, R and Raherison, MS and Rasolofo, V and Solofomalala, GD and Spiegel, A and Heraud, JM},
title = {GeneXpert for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in LMICs.},
journal = {The Lancet. Global health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30428-9},
pmid = {33091372},
issn = {2214-109X},
}
@article {pmid33091367,
year = {2020},
author = {Shipe, ME and Haddad, DN and Deppen, SA and Kozower, BD and Grogan, EL},
title = {Modeling the Impact of Delaying the Diagnosis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer during COVID-19.},
journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.08.025},
pmid = {33091367},
issn = {1552-6259},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has led surgical societies to recommend delaying diagnosis and treatment of suspected lung cancer in lesions <2 cm. Delaying diagnosis can lead to disease progression, but the impact of this delay on mortality is unknown. The COVID-19 infection rate at which immediate operative risk exceeds benefit is unknown. We sought to model immediate versus delayed surgical resection in a suspicious lung nodule <2 cm.<br><br>METHODS: A decision analysis model was developed, and sensitivity analyses performed. The base case was a 65-year-old male smoker with COPD presenting for surgical biopsy of 1.5-2.0 cm lung nodule highly suspicious for cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. We compared immediate surgical resection to delayed resection after three months. The likelihood of key outcomes was derived from the literature where available. The outcome was 5-year overall survival.<br><br>RESULTS: Immediate surgical resection resulted in a similar but slightly higher 5-year overall survival when compared to delayed resection (0.77 versus 0.74), due to the risk of disease progression. However, if the probability of acquired COVID-19 infection is greater than 13%, delayed resection is favorable (0.74 vs 0.73).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Immediate surgical biopsy of lung nodules suspicious for cancer in hospitals with low COVID-19 prevalence likely results in improved 5-year survival. However, as the risk of perioperative COVID-19 infection increases above 13%, a delayed approach has similar or improved survival. This balance should be frequently re-examined at each healthcare facility throughout the curve of the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091363,
year = {2020},
author = {Paes-Sousa, R and Millett, C and Rocha, R and Barreto, ML and Hone, T},
title = {Science misuse and polarised political narratives in the COVID-19 response.},
journal = {Lancet (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32168-1},
pmid = {33091363},
issn = {1474-547X},
}
@article {pmid33091343,
year = {2020},
author = {Dolgin, E},
title = {Prepandemic Preparedness under the Spotlight at ASGCT's COVID-19 Symposium.},
journal = {Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.10.004},
pmid = {33091343},
issn = {1525-0024},
}
@article {pmid33091334,
year = {2020},
author = {Lyons, N and Cox, C and Clements, V},
title = {Value of clinical engagement in the NSW Health response to COVID-19.},
journal = {Australian health review : a publication of the Australian Hospital Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/AH20165},
pmid = {33091334},
issn = {1449-8944},
abstract = {Clinical engagement has been critical to the NSW Health response to COVID-19, with clinicians across the state working together at a scale and pace not seen before. Since mid-March 2020, 30 COVID-19 Communities of Practice (COPs) have been established, bringing together over 3500 clinicians and other members across 30 different clinical specialties to inform and support a consistent statewide response to the pandemic. COPs share issues, escalate priorities and develop evidence-based guidance on a range of topics. This article provides practical insights into the value of clinical leadership and engagement in a time of crisis. It describes the role of COVID-19 COPs, what they have achieved and their importance in supporting the ongoing pandemic response in New South Wales.},
}
@article {pmid33091331,
year = {2020},
author = {Hukic, M and Ponjavic, M and Tahirovic, E and Karabegovic, A and Ferhatbegovic, E and Travar, M and Serdarevic, F},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak and the emergency public health measures in Bosnia and Herzegovina: January - July, 2020.},
journal = {Bosnian journal of basic medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17305/bjbms.2020.5081},
pmid = {33091331},
issn = {1840-4812},
abstract = {Between March 5 and July 25, 2020, the total number of SARS-CoV-2 confirmed cases in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) was 10 090 corresponding to a cumulative incidence rate of 285.7 per 100 000 population. Demographic and clinical information on all the cases along with exposure and contact information was collected using a standardized case report form. In suspected SARS-CoV-2 cases, respiratory specimens were collected and tested by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay. The dynamic of the outbreak was summarized using epidemiological curves, instantaneous reproduction number Rt and interactive choropleth maps for geographical distribution and spread. The rate of hospitalization was 14.0% (790/5646) in Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBH) and 6.2% (267/4299) in Republic of Srpska (RS). The death rate was 2.2% (122/5646) in FBH and 3.6% in the RS (155/4299). After the authorities lifted mandatory quarantine restrictions, the basic reproduction number increased from 1.13 on May, the 20th to 1.72 on May the 31st. The outbreak concerns both entities, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republika Srpska, and it is more pronounced in those aged 20-44 years. It is important to develop the communication and emergency plan for the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in BH, including the mechanisms to allow the ongoing notification and updates at the national level.},
}
@article {pmid33091294,
year = {2020},
author = {Golden, RN and Kerschner, JE},
title = {A New Road Map for Our Nation's Response to COVID-19.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {215-216},
pmid = {33091294},
issn = {2379-3961},
}
@article {pmid33091290,
year = {2020},
author = {Elmaraghi, S and Rao, VK and Garland, CB and Marcus, BC and Mount, DL},
title = {University of Wisconsin Guidelines for Treatment of Facial Trauma While Minimizing the Risk of COVID-19 Transmission.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {202-204},
pmid = {33091290},
issn = {2379-3961},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced many practices to completely change the interface between health care providers and patients. Patients presenting with facial trauma present a special risk for COVID-19 transmission, as contact with respiratory and ocular secretions is common, and so special precautions must be taken in managing them.<br><br>METHODS: We created guidelines and a triage/management algorithm for patients presenting with facial trauma to decrease the risk of COVID-19 transmission.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In this paper, we present a set of guidelines and a triage algorithm we have successfully implemented to mitigate the spread of COVID-19 while managing facial trauma. We believe that these guidelines can help other providers restructure their practices during this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33091289,
year = {2020},
author = {Kolinski, JM and Sundararajan, SK and Swartz, S and Naik, KV and Gupta, N},
title = {COVID-19 Experience in a Wisconsin Academic Medical Center.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {198-201},
pmid = {33091289},
issn = {2379-3961},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several studies describing Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported; however, to our knowledge, no case series has been published from the Midwest.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients admitted with COVID-19 to a Wisconsin academic medical center.<br><br>METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of data obtained for COVID-19 patients admitted from March 14, 2020, through April 19, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: One hundred sixty-eight patients were admitted. Outcomes measured include time in the intensive care unit (53%), mechanical ventilation (18%), and death (19%). ICU patients had higher rates of diabetes, obesity, and higher inflammatory markers. The majority of patients admitted were African American (68%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: This case series highlights demographic similarities and differences, as well as outcomes, among COVID-19 patients in a Wisconsin Academic Medical Center compared to those reported in other geographic regions.},
}
@article {pmid33091285,
year = {2020},
author = {Kovacs, SK and Palmer, J and Chen, DJ and Rehrauer, W and Yang, DT},
title = {Utilization and Results of Repeat SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing in a Presumptive Low Prevalence Population.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {177-181},
pmid = {33091285},
issn = {2379-3961},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Early reports have raised concerns regarding the clinical sensitivity of nasopharyngeal SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for patients with COVID-19 symptoms, which has led to requests for repeat testing at our institution. However, to our knowledge, there are no reports to date of the utilization or results of repeat testing to help guide this practice.<br><br>METHODS: The authors searched the institutional laboratory information system for consecutive patients who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR of a nasopharyngeal specimen over a 1-month period. Characteristics and results of patients who received a single or multiple tests were documented and analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: Six thousand three (6003) tests were performed on 5757 patients; 272 (4.7%) patients were positive based on their initial test results. Two hundred thirty-six (4%) patients were tested more than once, with 226 (96%) tested twice. The largest proportion of these patients (n=160, 71%) were those who had an initial negative test followed by a repeat test for persistent symptoms. This group included all 7 patients who had discordant positive results on their second test; the result concordance rate within this group was 96%.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In a population of patients with a low positive rate for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal RT-PCR testing, repeat nasopharyngeal testing of negative patients who have persistent symptoms still yields a negative result in 96% of the cases.},
}
@article {pmid33091284,
year = {2020},
author = {Boschuetz, N and Cheng, S and Mei, L and Loy, VM},
title = {Changes in Alcohol Use Patterns in the United States During COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {171-176},
pmid = {33091284},
issn = {2379-3961},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) has rapidly emerged as a public health emergency. In the United States, &quot;stay-at-home&quot; orders have led to loss of social routines and the closing of restaurants and bars; as a result, sales of alcohol have increased. The aim of this study was to assess changes in alcohol use patterns as a result of social distancing measures.<br><br>METHODS: A single online survey was sent to a convenience sample of adults through social media. Self-reported demographics and alcohol use patterns before and during social distancing were obtained.<br><br>RESULTS: Four hundred seventeen subjects completed the survey; 83% were women, 77% were married, 44% were between ages 35 and 44 years. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) scores increased from median value of 3 to 4 (P < 0.0001); the increase was statistically significant only in women (P < 0.0001). Fewer people use alcohol during social distancing; however, in those who use alcohol, the frequency and quantity ingested increased, as well as the frequency of alcohol use prior to 5 pm. Despite these increases, there was an overall reduction in binge drinking pattern. Multivariate analysis identified women, having children at home, and a history of substance abuse to be associated with increase in alcohol use.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Among those who continue to drink alcohol, social distancing has led to a significant increase in the amount of alcohol ingested, frequency of alcohol use, and an increase in AUDIT-C scores in women suggesting hazardous alcohol use behaviors. Clinicians should continue to assess patient alcohol use during the pandemic. Further studies will be needed to assess long-term outcomes after the COVID-19 pandemic resolves.},
}
@article {pmid33091279,
year = {2020},
author = {Roddy, JJ and Muehlbauer, J},
title = {Redefining Self-Interest - The US Response to COVID-19.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {147-148},
pmid = {33091279},
issn = {2379-3961},
}
@article {pmid33091277,
year = {2020},
author = {Tellez-Giron, P and Cano Ospina, F and Bidar-Sielaff, S and Gonzalez, B and Mora Pinzon, M},
title = {Emotional Support in Times of COVID-19: A Latinx Community Initiative.},
journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin},
volume = {119},
number = {3},
pages = {144},
pmid = {33091277},
issn = {2379-3961},
}
@article {pmid33091230,
year = {2020},
author = {Hobbs, EC and Reid, TJ},
title = {Animals and SARS-CoV-2: Species susceptibility and viral transmission in experimental and natural conditions, and the potential implications for community transmission.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tbed.13885},
pmid = {33091230},
issn = {1865-1682},
abstract = {The current COVID-19 global pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) of probable bat origin, has highlighted the ongoing need for a One Health response to emerging zoonotic disease events. Understanding the human-animal interface and its relevance to disease transmission remains a critical control point for many emerging zoonoses. Determination of the susceptibility of various animal species to infection with SARS-CoV-2 and the role of animals in the epidemiology of the disease will be critical to informing appropriate human and veterinary public health responses to this pandemic. A scoping literature review was conducted to collect, evaluate and present the available research evidence regarding SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals. Experimental studies have successfully demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission in cats, ferrets, hamsters, bats and non-human primates under experimental settings. Dogs appear to have limited susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, while other domestic species including pigs and poultry do not appear susceptible. Naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 infections in animals appear uncommon, with 14 pets, 8 captive big cats and an unreported number of farmed mink testing positive to date. Infections typically appear asymptomatic in dogs, while clinical signs of respiratory and/or gastrointestinal disease tend to be mild to moderate in felines, and severe to fatal in mink. Most animals are presumed to have been infected by close contact with COVID-19 patients. In domestic settings, viral transmission is self-limiting, however in high density animal environments there can be sustained between-animal transmission. To date, two potential cases of animal-to-human transmission are being investigated, on infected mink farms. Given the millions of COVID-19 cases worldwide and ongoing potential for further zoonotic and anthroponotic viral transmission, further research and surveillance activities are needed to definitively determine the role of animals in community transmission of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid33091200,
year = {2020},
author = {Comber, L and Walsh, KA and Jordan, K and O'Brien, KK and Clyne, B and Teljeur, C and Drummond, L and Carty, PG and De Gascun, CF and Smith, SM and Harrington, P and Ryan, M and O'Neill, M},
title = {Alternative clinical specimens for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: A rapid review.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2185},
pmid = {33091200},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {HRB-CICER-2016-1871/HRBI_/Health Research Board/Ireland ; },
abstract = {The collection of nasopharyngeal swabs to test for the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an invasive technique with implications for patients and clinicians. Alternative clinical specimens from the upper respiratory tract may offer benefits in terms of collection, comfort and infection risk. The objective of this review was to synthesise the evidence for detection of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA) using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tested saliva or nasal specimens compared with RT-PCR tested nasopharyngeal specimens. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Europe PMC and NHS evidence from December 2019 to 20 July 2020. Eighteen studies were identified; 12 for saliva, four for nasal and two included both specimen types. For saliva-based studies, the proportion of saliva samples testing positive relative to all positive samples in each study ranged from 82.9% to 100%; detection in nasopharyngeal specimens ranged from 76.7% to 100%; positive agreement between specimens for overall detection ranged from 65.4% to 100%. For nasal-based studies, the proportion of nasal swabs testing positive relative to all positive samples in each study ranged from 81.9% to 100%; detection in nasopharyngeal specimens ranged from 70% to 100%; positive agreement between specimens for overall detection ranged from 62.3% to 100%. The results indicate an inconsistency in the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the specimen types included, often with neither the index nor the reference of interest detecting all known cases. Depending on the test environment, these clinical specimens may offer a viable alternative to standard. However, at present the evidence is limited, of variable quality, and relatively inconsistent.},
}
@article {pmid33091154,
year = {2020},
author = {He, J and Huang, F and Zhang, J and Chen, Q and Zheng, Z and Zhou, Q and Chen, D and Li, J and Chen, J},
title = {Vaccine design based on 16 epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26596},
pmid = {33091154},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) urgently requires an effective vaccine for prevention. In this study, 66 epitopes containing pentapeptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the IEDB database were compared with the amino acid sequence of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, and 66 potentially immune-related peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were obtained. Based on the SNPs analysis of spike protein of 1218 SARS-CoV-2 isolates, 52 easily mutated sites were identified and used for vaccine epitope screening. The best vaccine candidate epitopes in the 66 peptides of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were screened out through mutation and immunoinformatics analysis. The best candidate epitopes were connected by different linkers in silico to obtain vaccine candidate sequences. The results showed that 16 epitopes were relatively conservative, immunological, non-toxic and non-allergenic, could induce the secretion of cytokines and more likely to be exposed on the surface of spike protein. They were both B cell epitopes and T cell epitopes, which could recognize a certain number of HLA molecules and had high coverage rates in different populations. Moreover, epitopes 897-913 were predicted possible cross-immunoprotection for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The results of vaccine candidate sequences screening suggested that sequences (without linker, with linker GGGSGGG, EAAAK, GPGPG and KK, respectively) were the best. The proteins translated by these sequences were relatively stable, with high antigenic index and good biological activity. Our study provided vaccine candidate epitopes and sequences for the research of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33091118,
year = {2020},
author = {Oldoni, E and van Gool, A and García Bermejo, L and Scherer, A and Mayrhofer, MT and Florindi, F and Demotes, J and Kubiak, C and Fauvel, AC and Bietrix, F and Ussi, A and Andreu, AL},
title = {Biomarker Research and Development for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): European Medical Research Infrastructures Call for Global Coordination.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1250},
pmid = {33091118},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {An effective response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic requires a better understanding of the biology of the infection and the identification of validated biomarker profiles that would increase the availability, accuracy, and speed of COVID-19 testing. Here, we describe the strategic objectives and action lines of the European Alliance of Medical Research Infrastructures (AMRI), established to improve the research process and tackle challenges related to diagnostic tests and biomarker development. Recommendations include: the creation of a European taskforce for validation of novel diagnostic products, the definition and promotion of criteria for COVID-19 samples biobanking, the identification and validation of biomarkers as clinical endpoints for clinical trials, and the definition of immune biomarker signatures at different stages of the disease. An effective management of the COVID-19 pandemic is possible only if there is a high level of knowledge and coordination between the public and private sectors within a robust quality framework.},
}
@article {pmid33091088,
year = {2020},
author = {Alnajashi, H and Jabbad, R},
title = {Behavioral practices of patients with multiple sclerosis during Covid-19 pandemic.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241103},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241103},
pmid = {33091088},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and Covid-19, a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 became a pandemic in March 2020. As the pandemic still unfolds, uncertainty circles around the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on patients with chronic diseases, including autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). To diminish the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and lessen the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the healthcare of MS patients, it is essential to understand knowledge, attitudes, and various behavioral practices related to Covid-19 among MS patients. Therefore, this study aimed to look at the behavioral practices related to Covid-19 among patients with MS. A total of 176 MS patients diagnosed at least one year before the survey were conveniently sampled online in Saudi Arabia and their data collected using a structured interview questionnaire in electronic Google form. We determined the reliability of the questionnaire by measuring its internal consistency in a pilot sample of 30 participants. Overall, more than 80% of participants had good knowledge and attitudes towards Covid-19. However, this did not correlate well with the impact on healthcare (r = 0.06). Our study revealed that 46% of participants were anxious about taking their medication, and 32% of participants missed their hospital appointments. Furthermore, 15% of the participants had a relapse but did not go to the hospital because of the pandemic, 15.9% stopped their DMTs, and 35.2% missed drug infusions or refills. Our study revealed overall good knowledge and attitudes related to Covid-19 among MS patients. However, the healthcare impact was considerable, as 32% of the participants missed their hospital appointments, and another 15% had a relapse. This highlights the significance of the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the healthcare of patients with MS. Measures to mitigate the effect of the pandemic on healthcare service delivery to patients with MS, such as telemedicine, should be strongly encouraged.},
}
@article {pmid33091086,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumar, A and Misra, S and Verma, V and Vishwakarma, RK and Kamal, VK and Nath, M and Prakash, K and Upadhyay, AD and Sahu, JK},
title = {Global impact of environmental temperature and BCG vaccination coverage on the transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0240710},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0240710},
pmid = {33091086},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The 2019-Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has had a global impact. The effect of environmental temperature on transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19 and protective efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination towards COVID-19 remains ambiguous. Therefore, we explored the global impact of environmental temperature and neonatal BCG vaccination coverage on transmissibility and fatality rate of COVID-19. The COVID-19 data for reported cases, deaths and global temperature were collected from 31st December 2020 to 3rd April 2020 for 67 countries. Temperature data were split into quartiles for all three categories (minimum temperature, maximum temperature and mean temperature). The impact of three types of temperature data and policy of BCG vaccination on COVID-19 infection was determined by applying the multivariable two-level negative binomial regression analysis keeping daily new cases and daily mortality as outcome. The highest number of cases fell in the temperature categories as following: mean temperature in the second quartile (6°C to 10.5°C), median 26, interquartile range (IQR) 237; minimum temperature in the first quartile (-26°C to 1°C), median 23, IQR 173; maximum temperature in the second quartile (10°C to 16°C), median 27.5, IQR 219. For the minimum temperature category, 28% statistically significant lower incidence was noted for new cases from the countries falling in the second quartile (2°C to 6°C) compared with countries falling in the first quartile (-26°C to 1°C) (incidence rate ratio [IRR] 0.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57 to 0.93). However, no statistically significant difference in incidence rate was observed for mean temperature categories in comparison to the first quartile. Countries with BCG vaccination policy had 58% less mortality as compared with countries without BCG coverage (IRR 0.42; 95% CI 0.18 to 0.95). Our exploratory study provides evidence that high temperature might not be associated with low transmissibility and countries having neonatal BCG vaccination policy had a low fatality rate of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33091068,
year = {2020},
author = {Hicks, LL and Schwab, NA and Homyack, JA and Jones, JE and Maxell, BA and Burkholder, BO},
title = {A statistical approach to white-nose syndrome surveillance monitoring using acoustic data.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241052},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241052},
pmid = {33091068},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {Traditional pathogen surveillance methods for white-nose syndrome (WNS), the most serious threat to hibernating North American bats, focus on fungal presence where large congregations of hibernating bats occur. However, in the western USA, WNS-susceptible bat species rarely assemble in large numbers and known winter roosts are uncommon features. WNS increases arousal frequency and activity of infected bats during hibernation. Our objective was to explore the effectiveness of acoustic monitoring as a surveillance tool for WNS. We propose a non-invasive approach to model pre-WNS baseline activity rates for comparison with future acoustic data after WNS is suspected to occur. We investigated relationships among bat activity, ambient temperatures, and season prior to presence of WNS across forested sites of Montana, USA where WNS was not known to occur. We used acoustic monitors to collect bat activity and ambient temperature data year-round on 41 sites, 2011-2019. We detected a diverse bat community across managed (n = 4) and unmanaged (n = 37) forest sites and recorded over 5.37 million passes from bats, including 13 identified species. Bats were active year-round, but positive associations between average of the nightly temperatures by month and bat activity were strongest in spring and fall. From these data, we developed site-specific prediction models for bat activity to account for seasonal and annual temperature variation prior to known occurrence of WNS. These prediction models can be used to monitor changes in bat activity that may signal potential presence of WNS, such as greater than expected activity in winter, or less than expected activity during summer. We propose this model-based method for future monitoring efforts that could be used to trigger targeted sampling of individual bats or hibernacula for WNS, in areas where traditional disease surveillance approaches are logistically difficult to implement or because of human-wildlife transmission concerns from COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33091066,
year = {2020},
author = {Thakur, M and Singh, A and Joshi, BD and Ghosh, A and Singh, SK and Singh, N and Sharma, LK and Chandra, K},
title = {Time-lapse sentinel surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 spread in India.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241172},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241172},
pmid = {33091066},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has drastically affected the world economy, raised public anxiety, and placed a substantial psychological burden on the governments and healthcare professionals by affecting over 4.7 million people worldwide. As a preventive measure to minimise the risk of community transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in India, a nationwide lockdown was imposed initially for 21 days to limit the movement of 1.3 billion people. These restrictions continue in most areas, with a conditional relaxation occurring in a few Indian states. In an attempt to assess the emerging mutants of SARS-CoV-2 and determine their spread in India, we analysed 112 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 in a time-lapse manner. We found 72 distinct SARS-CoV-2 haplotypes, defined by 143 polymorphic sites and high haplotype diversity, suggesting that this virus possesses a high evolutionary potential. We also demonstrated that early introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into India was from China, Italy and Iran and observed signs of community spread of the virus following its rapid demographic expansion since its first outbreak in the country. Additionally, we identified 18 mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and a few selected mutations showed to increase stability, binding affinity, and molecular flexibility in the overall tertiary structure of the protein that may facilitate interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of spike protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The study provides a pragmatic view of haplotype-dependent spread of SARS-CoV-2 in India which could be important in tailoring the pharmacologic treatments to be more effective for those infected with the most common haplotypes. The findings based on the time-lapse sentinel surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 will aid in the development of a real-time practical framework to tackle the ongoing, fast-evolving epidemic challenges in the country.},
}
@article {pmid33091042,
year = {2020},
author = {Kweon, OJ and Lim, YK and Kim, HR and Kim, MC and Choi, SH and Chung, JW and Lee, MK},
title = {Antibody kinetics and serologic profiles of SARS-CoV-2 infection using two serologic assays.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0240395},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0240395},
pmid = {33091042},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging threat worldwide. This study aims to assess the serologic profiles and time kinetics of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in patients with COVID-19 using two immunoassays.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 97 samples serially collected from 17 patients with COVID-19 and 137 negative control samples were analyzed for IgM and IgG against SARS-CoV-2 using the AFIAS COVID-19 Ab (Boditech Med Inc., Chuncheon, Republic of Korea) and the EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit (Epitope Diagnostics, Inc., San Diego, CA).<br><br>RESULTS: With both assays, IgM and IgG rapidly increased after 7 days post symptom onset (PSO). IgM antibody levels reached a peak at 15-35 d PSO and gradually decreased. IgG levels gradually increased and remained at similar levels after 22-35 d. The diagnostic sensitivities of IgM/IgG for ≤14d PSO were 21.4%/35.7~57.1% and increased to 41.2~52.9%/88.2~94.1% at >14 d PSO with specificities of 98.5%/94.2% for AFIAS COVID-19 Ab and 100.0%/96.4% for EDI™ Novel Coronavirus COVID-19 ELISA Kit. Among 137 negative controls, 12 samples (8.8%) showed positive or indeterminate results.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The antibody kinetics against SARS-CoV-2 are similar to common findings of acute viral infectious diseases. Antibody testing is useful for ruling out SARS-CoV-2 infection after 14 d PSO, detecting past infection, and epidemiologic surveys.},
}
@article {pmid33091034,
year = {2020},
author = {Baldi, E and Sechi, GM and Mare, C and Canevari, F and Brancaglione, A and Primi, R and Palo, A and Contri, E and Ronchi, V and Beretta, G and Reali, F and Parogni, PP and Facchin, F and Rizzi, U and Bussi, D and Ruggeri, S and Oltrona Visconti, L and Savastano, S and , },
title = {Treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in the COVID-19 era: A 100 days experience from the Lombardy region.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0241028},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0241028},
pmid = {33091034},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: An increase in the incidence of OHCA during the COVID-19 pandemic has been recently demonstrated. However, there are no data about how the COVID-19 epidemic influenced the treatment of OHCA victims.<br><br>METHODS: We performed an analysis of the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry comparing all the OHCAs occurred in the Provinces of Lodi, Cremona, Pavia and Mantua (northern Italy) in the first 100 days of the epidemic with those occurred in the same period in 2019.<br><br>RESULTS: The OHCAs occurred were 694 in 2020 and 520 in 2019. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rate was lower in 2020 (20% vs 31%, p<0.001), whilst the rate of bystander automated external defibrillator (AED) use was similar (2% vs 4%, p = 0.11). Resuscitation was attempted by EMS in 64.5% of patients in 2020 and in 72% in 2019, whereof 45% in 2020 and 64% in 2019 received ALS. At univariable analysis, the presence of suspected/confirmed COVID-19 was not a predictor of resuscitation attempt. Age, unwitnessed status, non-shockable presenting rhythm, absence of bystander CPR and EMS arrival time were independent predictors of ALS attempt. No difference regarding resuscitation duration, epinephrine and amiodarone administration, and mechanical compression device use were highlighted. The return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) rate at hospital admission was lower in the general population in 2020 [11% vs 20%, p = 0.001], but was similar in patients with ALS initiated [19% vs 26%, p = 0.15]. Suspected/confirmed COVID-19 was not a predictor of ROSC at hospital admission.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Compared to 2019, during the 2020 COVID-19 outbreak we observed a lower attitude of laypeople to start CPR, while resuscitation attempts by BLS and ALS staff were not influenced by suspected/confirmed infection, even at univariable analysis.},
}
@article {pmid33091020,
year = {2020},
author = {Pandey, D and Bansal, S and Goyal, S and Garg, A and Sethi, N and Pothiyill, DI and Sreelakshmi, ES and Sayyad, MG and Sethi, R},
title = {Psychological impact of mass quarantine on population during pandemics-The COVID-19 Lock-Down (COLD) study.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0240501},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0240501},
pmid = {33091020},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quarantine often is an unpleasant experience. The aim of this study is to explore the degree of psychological distress in terms of-Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the adult population in India during the strict 21 days mandatory lockdown. We hypothesize that quantification of psychological impact of current situation will help us to modify the policies and implementation strategies. This assessment might also help in future to keep targeted services in place, to cope up with the psychological distress of the quarantined population.<br><br>METHOD: A cross sectional survey design was adopted to assess the psychological state of general population in India, during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown period, with the help of a validated questionnaire.<br><br>FINDINGS: The reported prevalence of depression was around 30.5%, which was the highest among the variables of psychological health. Anxiety was reported by 22.4%, followed by stress which was seen in 10.8% of respondents. In the third week the incidence of depression (37.8% versus 23.4%; p<0.001), anxiety (26.6% versus 18.2%; p<0.001) and stress (12.2% versus 9.3%; p<0.045) was reported to be significantly higher as compared to second week.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest a progressively detrimental impact of lockdown on various aspects of psychological health. We noticed around eight to ten fold increase in the prevalence of depression (30.5%) and anxiety (22.4%) during lockdown, as compared to baseline statistics in Indian population (3·1-3·6% for depressive disorders and 3·0-3·5% for anxiety disorders).},
}
@article {pmid33091015,
year = {2020},
author = {Dewar, B and Anderson, JE and Kwok, ESH and Ramsay, T and Dowlatshahi, D and Fahed, R and Dyason, C and Shamy, M},
title = {Physician preparedness for resource allocation decisions under pandemic conditions: A cross-sectional survey of Canadian physicians, April 2020.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e0238842},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0238842},
pmid = {33091015},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Under the pandemic conditions created by the novel coronavirus of 2019 (COVID-19), physicians have faced difficult choices allocating scarce resources, including but not limited to critical care beds and ventilators. Past experiences with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and current reports suggest that making these decisions carries a heavy emotional toll for physicians around the world. We sought to explore Canadian physicians' preparedness and attitudes regarding resource allocation decisions.<br><br>METHODS: From April 3 to April 13, 2020, we conducted an 8-question online survey of physicians practicing in the region of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, organized around 4 themes: physician preparedness for resource rationing, physician preparedness to offer palliative care, attitudes towards resource allocation policy, and approaches to resource allocation decision-making.<br><br>RESULTS: We collected 219 responses, of which 165 were used for analysis. The majority (78%) of respondents felt &quot;somewhat&quot; or &quot;a little prepared&quot; to make resource allocation decisions, and 13% felt &quot;not at all prepared.&quot; A majority of respondents (63%) expected the provision of palliative care to be &quot;very&quot; or &quot;somewhat difficult.&quot; Most respondents (83%) either strongly or somewhat agreed that there should be policy to guide resource allocation. Physicians overwhelmingly agreed on certain factors that would be important in resource allocation, including whether patients were likely to survive, and whether they had dementia and other significant comorbidities. Respondents generally did not feel confident that they would have the social support they needed at the time of making resource allocation decisions.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: This rapidly implemented survey suggests that a sample of Canadian physicians feel underprepared to make resource allocation decisions, and desire both more emotional support and clear, transparent, evidence-based policy.},
}
@article {pmid33090987,
year = {2020},
author = {Cates, J and Lucero-Obusan, C and Dahl, RM and Schirmer, P and Garg, S and Oda, G and Hall, AJ and Langley, G and Havers, FP and Holodniy, M and Cardemil, CV},
title = {Risk for In-Hospital Complications Associated with COVID-19 and Influenza - Veterans Health Administration, United States, October 1, 2018-May 31, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1528-1534},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e3},
pmid = {33090987},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is primarily a respiratory illness, although increasing evidence indicates that infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, can affect multiple organ systems (1). Data that examine all in-hospital complications of COVID-19 and that compare these complications with those associated with other viral respiratory pathogens, such as influenza, are lacking. To assess complications of COVID-19 and influenza, electronic health records (EHRs) from 3,948 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 (March 1-May 31, 2020) and 5,453 hospitalized patients with influenza (October 1, 2018-February 1, 2020) from the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA), the largest integrated health care system in the United States,* were analyzed. Using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-10-CM) codes, complications in patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were compared with those in patients with influenza. Risk ratios were calculated and adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and underlying medical conditions; proportions of complications were stratified among patients with COVID-19 by race/ethnicity. Patients with COVID-19 had almost 19 times the risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) than did patients with influenza, (adjusted risk ratio [aRR] = 18.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 12.40-28.00), and more than twice the risk for myocarditis (2.56; 1.17-5.59), deep vein thrombosis (2.81; 2.04-3.87), pulmonary embolism (2.10; 1.53-2.89), intracranial hemorrhage (2.85; 1.35-6.03), acute hepatitis/liver failure (3.13; 1.92-5.10), bacteremia (2.46; 1.91-3.18), and pressure ulcers (2.65; 2.14-3.27). The risks for exacerbations of asthma (0.27; 0.16-0.44) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (0.37; 0.32-0.42) were lower among patients with COVID-19 than among those with influenza. The percentage of COVID-19 patients who died while hospitalized (21.0%) was more than five times that of influenza patients (3.8%), and the duration of hospitalization was almost three times longer for COVID-19 patients. Among patients with COVID-19, the risk for respiratory, neurologic, and renal complications, and sepsis was higher among non-Hispanic Black or African American (Black) patients, patients of other races, and Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) patients compared with those in non-Hispanic White (White) patients, even after adjusting for age and underlying medical conditions. These findings highlight the higher risk for most complications associated with COVID-19 compared with influenza and might aid clinicians and researchers in recognizing, monitoring, and managing the spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations. The higher risk for certain complications among racial and ethnic minority patients provides further evidence that certain racial and ethnic minority groups are disproportionally affected by COVID-19 and that this disparity is not solely accounted for by age and underlying medical conditions.},
}
@article {pmid33090985,
year = {2020},
author = {Hill, HA and Yankey, D and Elam-Evans, LD and Singleton, JA and Pingali, SC and Santibanez, TA},
title = {Vaccination Coverage by Age 24 Months Among Children Born in 2016 and 2017 - National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2017-2019.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1505-1511},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a1},
pmid = {33090985},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Immunization has been described as a &quot;global health and development success story,&quot; and worldwide is estimated to prevent 2-3 million deaths annually.* In the United States, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) currently recommends vaccination against 14 potentially serious illnesses by the time a child reaches age 24 months (1). CDC monitors coverage with ACIP-recommended vaccines through the National Immunization Survey-Child (NIS-Child); data from the survey were used to estimate vaccination coverage at the national, regional, state, territorial, and selected local area levels† among children born in 2016 and 2017. National coverage by age 24 months was ≥90% for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine, ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (VAR); national coverage was ≥90% for ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR), although MMR coverage was <90% in 14 states. Coverage with ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine was higher for children born during 2016-2017 (58.1%) than for those born during 2014-2015 (53.8%) but was the lowest among all vaccines studied. Only 1.2% of children had received no vaccinations by age 24 months. Vaccination coverage among children enrolled in Medicaid or with no health insurance was lower than that among children who were privately insured. The prevalence of being completely unvaccinated was highest among uninsured children (4.1%), lower among those enrolled in Medicaid (1.3%), and lowest among those with private insurance (0.8%). The largest disparities on the basis of health insurance status occurred for ≥2 doses of influenza vaccine and for completion of the rotavirus vaccination series. Considering the disruptions to health care provider operations caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, extra effort will be required to achieve and maintain high levels of coverage with routine childhood vaccinations. Providers, health care entities, and public health authorities can communicate with families about how children can be vaccinated safely during the pandemic, remind parents of vaccinations that are due for their children, and provide all recommended vaccinations to children during clinic visits. This will be especially important for 2020-21 seasonal influenza vaccination to mitigate the effect of two potentially serious respiratory viruses circulating in the community simultaneously.},
}
@article {pmid33090984,
year = {2020},
author = {Gold, JAW and Rossen, LM and Ahmad, FB and Sutton, P and Li, Z and Salvatore, PP and Coyle, JP and DeCuir, J and Baack, BN and Durant, TM and Dominguez, KL and Henley, SJ and Annor, FB and Fuld, J and Dee, DL and Bhattarai, A and Jackson, BR},
title = {Race, Ethnicity, and Age Trends in Persons Who Died from COVID-19 - United States, May-August 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1517-1521},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e1},
pmid = {33090984},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {During February 12-October 15, 2020, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in approximately 7,900,000 aggregated reported cases and approximately 216,000 deaths in the United States.* Among COVID-19-associated deaths reported to national case surveillance during February 12-May 18, persons aged ≥65 years and members of racial and ethnic minority groups were disproportionately represented (1). This report describes demographic and geographic trends in COVID-19-associated deaths reported to the National Vital Statistics System† (NVSS) during May 1-August 31, 2020, by 50 states and the District of Columbia. During this period, 114,411 COVID-19-associated deaths were reported. Overall, 78.2% of decedents were aged ≥65 years, and 53.3% were male; 51.3% were non-Hispanic White (White), 24.2% were Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic), and 18.7% were non-Hispanic Black (Black). The number of COVID-19-associated deaths decreased from 37,940 in May to 17,718 in June; subsequently, counts increased to 30,401 in July and declined to 28,352 in August. From May to August, the percentage distribution of COVID-19-associated deaths by U.S. Census region increased from 23.4% to 62.7% in the South and from 10.6% to 21.4% in the West. Over the same period, the percentage distribution of decedents who were Hispanic increased from 16.3% to 26.4%. COVID-19 remains a major public health threat regardless of age or race and ethnicity. Deaths continued to occur disproportionately among older persons and certain racial and ethnic minorities, particularly among Hispanic persons. These results can inform public health messaging and mitigation efforts focused on prevention and early detection of infection among disproportionately affected groups.},
}
@article {pmid33090983,
year = {2020},
author = {Murray, MT and Riggs, MA and Engelthaler, DM and Johnson, C and Watkins, S and Longenberger, A and Brett-Major, DM and Lowe, J and Broadhurst, MJ and Ladva, CN and Villanueva, JM and MacNeil, A and Qari, S and Kirking, HL and Cherry, M and Khan, AS},
title = {Mitigating a COVID-19 Outbreak Among Major League Baseball Players - United States, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1542-1546},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a4},
pmid = {33090983},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Mass gatherings have been implicated in higher rates of transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and many sporting events have been restricted or canceled to limit disease spread (1). Based on current CDC COVID-19 mitigation recommendations related to events and gatherings (2), Major League Baseball (MLB) developed new health and safety protocols before the July 24 start of the 2020 season. In addition, MLB made the decision that games would be played without spectators. Before a three-game series between teams A and B, the Philadelphia Department of Public Health was notified of a team A player with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19; the player was isolated as recommended (2). During the series and the week after, laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 was diagnosed among 19 additional team A players and staff members and one team B staff member. Throughout their potentially infectious periods, some asymptomatic team A players and coaches, who subsequently received positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, engaged in on-field play with teams B and C. No on-field team B or team C players or staff members subsequently received a clinical diagnosis of COVID-19. Certain MLB health and safety protocols, which include frequent diagnostic testing for rapid case identification, isolation of persons with positive test results, quarantine for close contacts, mask wearing, and social distancing, might have limited COVID-19 transmission between teams.},
}
@article {pmid33090982,
year = {2020},
author = {Chipimo, PJ and Barradas, DT and Kayeyi, N and Zulu, PM and Muzala, K and Mazaba, ML and Hamoonga, R and Musonda, K and Monze, M and Kapata, N and Sinyange, N and Simwaba, D and Kapaya, F and Mulenga, L and Chanda, D and Malambo, W and Ngosa, W and Hines, J and Yingst, S and Agolory, S and Mukonka, V},
title = {First 100 Persons with COVID-19 - Zambia, March 18-April 28, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1547-1548},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a5},
pmid = {33090982},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Zambia is a landlocked, lower-middle income country in southern Africa, with a population of 17 million (1). The first known cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Zambia occurred in a married couple who had traveled to France and were subject to port-of-entry surveillance and subsequent remote monitoring of travelers with a history of international travel for 14 days after arrival. They were identified as having suspected cases on March 18, 2020, and tested for COVID-19 after developing respiratory symptoms during the 14-day monitoring period. In March 2020, the Zambia National Public Health Institute (ZNPHI) defined a suspected case of COVID-19 as 1) an acute respiratory illness in a person with a history of international travel during the 14 days preceding symptom onset; or 2) acute respiratory illness in a person with a history of contact with a person with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in the 14 days preceding symptom onset; or 3) severe acute respiratory illness requiring hospitalization; or 4) being a household or close contact of a patient with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19. This definition was adapted from World Health Organization (WHO) interim guidance issued March 20, 2020, on global surveillance for COVID-19 (2) to also include asymptomatic contacts of persons with confirmed COVID-19. Persons with suspected COVID-19 were identified through various mechanisms, including port-of-entry surveillance, contact tracing, health care worker (HCW) testing, facility-based inpatient screening, community-based screening, and calls from the public into a national hotline administered by the Disaster Management and Mitigation Unit and ZNPHI. Port-of-entry surveillance included an arrival screen consisting of a temperature scan, report of symptoms during the preceding 14 days, and collection of a history of travel and contact with persons with confirmed COVID-19 in the 14 days before arrival in Zambia, followed by daily remote telephone monitoring for 14 days. Travelers were tested for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, if they were symptomatic upon arrival or developed symptoms during the 14-day monitoring period. Persons with suspected COVID-19 were tested as soon as possible after evaluation for respiratory symptoms or within 7 days of last known exposure (i.e., travel or contact with a confirmed case). All COVID-19 diagnoses were confirmed using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing (SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Detection Kit, Maccura) of nasopharyngeal specimens; all patients with confirmed COVID-19 were admitted into institutional isolation at the time of laboratory confirmation, which was generally within 36 hours. COVID-19 patients were deemed recovered and released from isolation after two consecutive PCR-negative test results ≥24 hours apart. A Ministry of Health memorandum was released on April 13, 2020, mandating testing in public facilities of 1) all persons admitted to medical and pediatric wards regardless of symptoms; 2) all patients being admitted to surgical and obstetric wards, regardless of symptoms; 3) any outpatient with fever, cough, or shortness of breath; and 4) any facility or community death in a person with respiratory symptoms, and 5) biweekly screening of all HCWs in isolation centers and health facilities where persons with COVID-19 had been evaluated. This report describes the first 100 COVID-19 cases reported in Zambia, during March 18-April 28, 2020.},
}
@article {pmid33090979,
year = {2020},
author = {Hong, SY and Ashipala, LSN and Bikinesi, L and Hamunime, N and Kamangu, JWN and Boylan, A and Sithole, E and Pietersen, IC and Mutandi, G and McLean, C and Dziuban, EJ},
title = {Rapid Adaptation of HIV Treatment Programs in Response to COVID-19 - Namibia, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1549-1551},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a6},
pmid = {33090979},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Namibia is an upper-middle income country in southern Africa, with a population of approximately 2.5 million (1). On March 13, 2020, the first two cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Namibia were identified among recently arrived international travelers. On March 17, Namibia's president declared a state of emergency, which introduced measures such as closing of all international borders, enactment of regional travel restrictions, closing of schools, suspension of gatherings, and implementation of physical distancing measures across the country. As of October 19, 2020, Namibia had reported 12,326 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases and 131 COVID-19-associated deaths. CDC, through its Namibia country office, as part of ongoing assistance from the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) provided technical assistance to the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) for rapid coordination of the national human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment program with the national COVID-19 response.},
}
@article {pmid33090978,
year = {2020},
author = {Rossen, LM and Branum, AM and Ahmad, FB and Sutton, P and Anderson, RN},
title = {Excess Deaths Associated with COVID-19, by Age and Race and Ethnicity - United States, January 26-October 3, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1522-1527},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942e2},
pmid = {33090978},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {As of October 15, 216,025 deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported in the United States*; however, this number might underestimate the total impact of the pandemic on mortality. Measures of excess deaths have been used to estimate the impact of public health pandemics or disasters, particularly when there are questions about underascertainment of deaths directly attributable to a given event or cause (1-6).† Excess deaths are defined as the number of persons who have died from all causes, in excess of the expected number of deaths for a given place and time. This report describes trends and demographic patterns in excess deaths during January 26-October 3, 2020. Expected numbers of deaths were estimated using overdispersed Poisson regression models with spline terms to account for seasonal patterns, using provisional mortality data from CDC's National Vital Statistics System (NVSS) (7). Weekly numbers of deaths by age group and race/ethnicity were assessed to examine the difference between the weekly number of deaths occurring in 2020 and the average number occurring in the same week during 2015-2019 and the percentage change in 2020. Overall, an estimated 299,028 excess deaths have occurred in the United States from late January through October 3, 2020, with two thirds of these attributed to COVID-19. The largest percentage increases were seen among adults aged 25-44 years and among Hispanic or Latino (Hispanic) persons. These results provide information about the degree to which COVID-19 deaths might be underascertained and inform efforts to prevent mortality directly or indirectly associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, such as efforts to minimize disruptions to health care.},
}
@article {pmid33090977,
year = {2020},
author = {Dasgupta, S and Bowen, VB and Leidner, A and Fletcher, K and Musial, T and Rose, C and Cha, A and Kang, G and Dirlikov, E and Pevzner, E and Rose, D and Ritchey, MD and Villanueva, J and Philip, C and Liburd, L and Oster, AM},
title = {Association Between Social Vulnerability and a County's Risk for Becoming a COVID-19 Hotspot - United States, June 1-July 25, 2020.},
journal = {MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report},
volume = {69},
number = {42},
pages = {1535-1541},
doi = {10.15585/mmwr.mm6942a3},
pmid = {33090977},
issn = {1545-861X},
abstract = {Poverty, crowded housing, and other community attributes associated with social vulnerability increase a community's risk for adverse health outcomes during and following a public health event (1). CDC uses standard criteria to identify U.S. counties with rapidly increasing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence (hotspot counties) to support health departments in coordinating public health responses (2). County-level data on COVID-19 cases during June 1-July 25, 2020 and from the 2018 CDC social vulnerability index (SVI) were analyzed to examine associations between social vulnerability and hotspot detection and to describe incidence after hotspot detection. Areas with greater social vulnerabilities, particularly those related to higher representation of racial and ethnic minority residents (risk ratio [RR] = 5.3; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.4-6.4), density of housing units per structure (RR = 3.1; 95% CI = 2.7-3.6), and crowded housing units (i.e., more persons than rooms) (RR = 2.0; 95% CI = 1.8-2.3), were more likely to become hotspots, especially in less urban areas. Among hotspot counties, those with greater social vulnerability had higher COVID-19 incidence during the 14 days after detection (212-234 cases per 100,000 persons for highest SVI quartile versus 35-131 cases per 100,000 persons for other quartiles). Focused public health action at the federal, state, and local levels is needed not only to prevent communities with greater social vulnerability from becoming hotspots but also to decrease persistently high incidence among hotspot counties that are socially vulnerable.},
}
@article {pmid33090972,
year = {2020},
author = {Rosenke, K and Jarvis, MA and Feldmann, F and Schwarz, B and Okumura, A and Lovaglio, J and Saturday, G and Hanley, PW and Meade-White, K and Williamson, BN and Hansen, FA and Pérez-Pérez, L and Leventhal, S and Tang-Huau, TL and Callison, J and Haddock, E and Stromberg, KA and Sewell, G and Scott, D and Bosio, CM and Hawman, DW and de Wit, E and Feldmann, H},
title = {Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis and treatment is ineffective in macaque and hamster SARS-CoV-2 disease models.},
journal = {JCI insight},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1172/jci.insight.143174},
pmid = {33090972},
issn = {2379-3708},
abstract = {We remain largely without effective prophylactic/therapeutic interventions for COVID-19. Although many human COVID-19 clinical trials are ongoing, there remains a deficiency of supportive preclinical drug efficacy studies to help guide decisions. Here we assessed the prophylactic/therapeutic efficacy of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), a drug of interest for COVID-19 management, in two animal disease models. The standard human malaria HCQ prophylaxis (6.5 mg/kg given weekly) and treatment (6.5 mg/kg) did not significantly benefit clinical outcome nor reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication/shedding in the upper and lower respiratory tract in the rhesus macaque disease model. Similarly, when used for prophylaxis or treatment neither the standard human malaria dose (6.5 mg/kg) nor a high dose (50 mg/kg) of HCQ had any beneficial effect on clinical disease or SARS-CoV-2 kinetics (replication/shedding) in the Syrian hamster disease model. Results from these two preclinical animal models may prove helpful in guiding clinical use of HCQ for prophylaxis/treatment of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33090969,
year = {2020},
author = {Šterbenc, A and Premru Sršen, T and Lučovnik, M and Vidmar Šimic, M and Steblovnik, L and Fabjan Vodušek, V and Druškovič, M and Kavšek, G and Poljak, M and Trojner Bregar, A},
title = {Usefulness of COVID-19 screen-and-test approach in pregnant women: an experience from a country with low COVID-19 burden.},
journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/jpm-2020-0368},
pmid = {33090969},
issn = {1619-3997},
abstract = {Objectives Information on the usefulness of screen-and-test strategies of pregnant women for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is lacking. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the Ljubljana Maternity Hospital database and searched for pregnant women, who were admitted to the hospital between March 15 and May 16, 2020, for a planned procedure or hospitalization. Their medical records were examined and SARS-CoV-2 test results were retrieved. Results During the two-month period analyzed, there were a total of 265 scheduled admissions of pregnant women to our hospital. Two hundred two (76.2%) were tested for SARS-CoV-2 1 day prior to admission. All tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 RNA, regardless of having coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-compatible signs or symptoms (n=28) or not (n=174). Conclusions In a population with a low SARS-CoV-2 burden, usefulness of universal testing of pregnant women before admission to the hospital is limited. We recommend that obstetric units in regions with low SARS-CoV-2 burden enforce rational use of personal protective equipment and diligent screening protocols using targeted questionnaires, whereas SARS-CoV-2 laboratory testing should be performed only in screen-positives: those with high clinical suspicion of COVID-19 and/or suspected epidemiological history.},
}
@article {pmid33090964,
year = {2020},
author = {Izquierdo, JL and Ancochea, J and Soriano, JB},
title = {CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR ICU ADMISSION OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY USING MACHINE LEARNING AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/21801},
pmid = {33090964},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There remain many unknowns regarding the onset and clinical course of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. We used a combination of classic epidemiological methods, natural language processing (NLP), and machine learning (for predictive modeling), to analyse the electronic health records (EHRs) of patients with COVID-19.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Our primary objectives are to describe the clinical characteristics and determine the factors that predict ICU admission of patients with COVID-19. These are aimed at better understanding the real-world epidemiology of the disease using a well-defined population.<br><br>METHODS: We explored the unstructured free text in the EHRs within the SESCAM Healthcare Network (Castilla La-Mancha, Spain) from the entire population with available EHRs (1,364,924 patients) from January 1st to March 29th, 2020. We extracted related clinical information upon diagnosis, progression and outcome for all COVID-19 cases.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 10,504 patients with a clinical or PCR-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were identified, 52.5% males, with age of 58.2±19.7 years. Upon admission, the most common symptoms were cough, fever, and dyspnoea, but all in less than half of cases. Overall, 6% of hospitalized patients required ICU admission. Using a machine-learning, data-driven algorithm we identified that a combination of age, fever, and tachypnoea was the most parsimonious predictor of ICU admission: those younger than 56 years, without tachypnoea, and temperature <39ºC, (or >39ºC without respiratory crackles), were free of ICU admission. On the contrary, COVID-19 patients aged 40 to 79 years were likely to be admitted to the ICU if they had tachypnoea and delayed their visit to the ER after being seen in primary care.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that a combination of easily obtainable clinical variables (age, fever, and tachypnoea with/without respiratory crackles) predicts which COVID-19 patients require ICU admission.},
}
@article {pmid33090891,
year = {2020},
author = {Pramanik, M and Chowdhury, K and Rana, MJ and Bisht, P and Pal, R and Szabo, S and Pal, I and Behera, B and Liang, Q and Padmadas, SS and Udmale, P},
title = {Climatic influence on the magnitude of COVID-19 outbreak: a stochastic model-based global analysis.},
journal = {International journal of environmental health research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
doi = {10.1080/09603123.2020.1831446},
pmid = {33090891},
issn = {1369-1619},
abstract = {We investigate the climatic influence on COVID-19 transmission risks in 228 cities globally across three climatic zones. The results, based on the application of a Boosted Regression Tree algorithm method, show that average temperature and average relative humidity explain significant variations in COVID-19 transmission across temperate and subtropical regions, whereas in the tropical region, the average diurnal temperature range and temperature seasonality significantly predict the infection outbreak. The number of positive cases showed a decrease sharply above an average temperature of 10°C in the cities of France, Turkey, the US, the UK, and Germany. Among the tropical countries, COVID-19 in Indian cities is most affected by mean diurnal temperature, and those in Brazil by temperature seasonality. The findings have implications on public health interventions, and contribute to the ongoing scientific and policy discourse on the complex interplay of climatic factors determining the risks of COVID-19 transmission.},
}
@article {pmid33090884,
year = {2020},
author = {Russo, V and Pafundi, PC and Rapacciuolo, A and D'Andrea, A and De Vitiis, M and Volpicelli, M and Ruocco, A and Nigro, G and D'Onofrio, A},
title = {Arrhythmogenic syncope leading to cardiac rhythm management procedures during COVID-19 lockdown.},
journal = {Expert review of medical devices},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17434440.2020.1841632},
pmid = {33090884},
issn = {1745-2422},
abstract = {Introduction Following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, the Italian government adopted strict rules of lockdown and social distancing. The aim of our study was to assess admission rate for syncope leading to cardiac rhythm management (CRM) procedures in Campania, the third-most-populous region of Italy, during COVID-19 lockdown. Methods Data were sourced from 14 referral hospitals in Campania from 10th March to 4th May 2020 (lockdown period) and during the same period in 2019. Among consecutive patients hospitalized for CRM procedures during the two observational periods, we retrospectively evaluated those admitted for arrhythmogenic syncope. Admission rate and the type of hospital admission between the two observational periods were compared. Results Among 951 consecutive patients hospitalized for CRM procedures, 204 were admitted for arrhythmogenic syncope leading to CRM procedures. A significant increase in admission was shown in 2020 compared to 2019 (26.4% vs. 18.3%; P=0.003). Moreover, regarding the type of admission to hospitals, attendance at the emergency department (ED) significantly increased (83.5% vs. 56.1%; P<0.001); conversely, a significant decrease in urgent unplanned hospitalizations (6.2% vs. 35.5%; P<0.001) was observed during COVID-19 lockdown. Conclusions The hospitalization for arrhythmogenic syncope leading to CRM procedures increased during COVID-19 lockdown.},
}
@article {pmid33090883,
year = {2020},
author = {Lyman, GH and Kuderer, NM},
title = {Randomized Controlled Trials vs Real-World Data in the COVID-19 Era: A False Narrative.},
journal = {Cancer investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/07357907.2020.1841922},
pmid = {33090883},
issn = {1532-4192},
abstract = {While randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remain the gold standard for evaluating therapeutic efficacy, the role of studies based on real world data (RWD) has gained increasing relevance and importance. While both approaches have strengths and limitations, we believe that the narrative of RCTs vs RWD is a false narrative. Clearly, both approaches are needed to capture the totality of evidence and answer critical clinical questions in as comprehensive and timely manner as possible. They represent complementary approaches which often appear synergistic with one another. RCTs are generally slow and costly to develop and conduct and limited by the eligible and accrued population included while RWD is subject to confounding by both unknown factors as well as known factors not available in the data at hand. At the same time, not all RWD are created equal with the gold standard for RWD represented by prospective cohort studies designed a priori to capture specific data to answer important pressing questions. A great strength of RWD is the ability to capture information on large numbers of individuals at speed and scale. It is essential to acknowledge, however, that while larger numbers may enhance the precision of the effect estimates provided, in and of themselves, larger numbers do not increase the accuracy of estimates if patient selection and other biases have crept in. While we have become increasingly sophisticated in efforts to adjust for such potential bias, the risk of residual confounding remains including confounding my indication with patients with greater illness more likely to receive certain treatments based on clinical judgment rather than by randomization. Nevertheless, in crises situations, like a pandemic, it is important to gather as much information on risk factors and complications including mortality as rapidly as possible to inform clinical and public health decision making and provide a solid framework for clinical trials that follow. We need both carefully designed, conducted and interpreted RCTs and RWD to definitively answer critical questions rapidly in times of crises like COVID-19 and in a real-world setting.},
}
@article {pmid33090877,
year = {2020},
author = {Mehrotra, DV and Janes, HE and Fleming, TR and Annunziato, PW and Neuzil, KM and Carpp, LN and Benkeser, D and Brown, ER and Carone, M and Cho, I and Donnell, D and Fay, MP and Fong, Y and Han, S and Hirsch, I and Huang, Y and Huang, Y and Hyrien, O and Juraska, M and Luedtke, A and Nason, M and Vandebosch, A and Zhou, H and Cohen, MS and Corey, L and Hartzel, J and Follmann, D and Gilbert, PB},
title = {Clinical Endpoints for Evaluating Efficacy in COVID-19 Vaccine Trials.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7326/M20-6169},
pmid = {33090877},
issn = {1539-3704},
abstract = {Several vaccine candidates to protect against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have entered or will soon enter large-scale, phase 3, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials. To facilitate harmonized evaluation and comparison of the efficacy of these vaccines, a general set of clinical endpoints is proposed, along with considerations to guide the selection of the primary endpoints on the basis of clinical and statistical reasoning. The plausibility that vaccine protection against symptomatic COVID-19 could be accompanied by a shift toward more SARS-CoV-2 infections that are asymptomatic is highlighted, as well as the potential implications of such a shift.},
}
@article {pmid33090858,
year = {2020},
author = {Wanberg, CR and Csillag, B and Douglass, RP and Zhou, L and Pollard, MS},
title = {Socioeconomic status and well-being during COVID-19: A resource-based examination.},
journal = {The Journal of applied psychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1037/apl0000831},
pmid = {33090858},
issn = {1939-1854},
support = {/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {The authors assess levels and within-person changes in psychological well-being (i.e., depressive symptoms and life satisfaction) from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic for individuals in the United States, in general and by socioeconomic status (SES). The data is from 2 surveys of 1,143 adults from RAND Corporation's nationally representative American Life Panel, the first administered between April-June, 2019 and the second during the initial peak of the pandemic in the United States in April, 2020. Depressive symptoms during the pandemic were higher than population norms before the pandemic. Depressive symptoms increased from before to during COVID-19 and life satisfaction decreased. Individuals with higher education experienced a greater increase in depressive symptoms and a greater decrease in life satisfaction from before to during COVID-19 in comparison to those with lower education. Supplemental analysis illustrates that income had a curvilinear relationship with changes in well-being, such that individuals at the highest levels of income experienced a greater decrease in life satisfaction from before to during COVID-19 than individuals with lower levels of income. We draw on conservation of resources theory and the theory of fundamental social causes to examine four key mechanisms (perceived financial resources, perceived control, interpersonal resources, and COVID-19-related knowledge/news consumption) underlying the relationship between SES and well-being during COVID-19. These resources explained changes in well-being for the sample as a whole but did not provide insight into why individuals of higher education experienced a greater decline in well-being from before to during COVID-19. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
}
@article {pmid33090795,
year = {2020},
author = {Grossegesse, M and Hartkopf, F and Nitsche, A and Schaade, L and Doellinger, J and Muth, T},
title = {Perspective on Proteomics for Virus Detection in Clinical Samples.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00674},
pmid = {33090795},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {One of the most widely used methods to detect an acute viral infection in clinical specimens is diagnostic real-time polymerase chain reaction. However, because of the COVID-19 pandemic, mass-spectrometry-based proteomics is currently being discussed as a potential diagnostic method for viral infections. Because proteomics is not yet applied in routine virus diagnostics, here we discuss its potential to detect viral infections. Apart from theoretical considerations, the current status and technical limitations are considered. Finally, the challenges that have to be overcome to establish proteomics in routine virus diagnostics are highlighted.},
}
@article {pmid33090793,
year = {2020},
author = {Luan, B and Huynh, T and Cheng, X and Lan, G and Wang, HR},
title = {Targeting Proteases for Treating COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of proteome research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00430},
pmid = {33090793},
issn = {1535-3907},
abstract = {The unprecedented pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) demands effective treatment for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The infection of SARS-CoV-2 critically depends on diverse viral or host proteases, which mediate viral entry, viral protein maturation, as well as the pathogenesis of the viral infection. Endogenous and exogenous agents targeting for proteases have been proved to be effective toward a variety of viral infections ranging from HIV to influenza virus, suggesting protease inhibitors as a promising antiviral treatment for COVID-19. In this Review, we discuss how host and viral proteases participated in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 as well as the prospects and ongoing clinical trials of protease inhibitors as treatments.},
}
@article {pmid33090785,
year = {2020},
author = {Macchiagodena, M and Pagliai, M and Karrenbrock, M and Guarnieri, G and Iannone, F and Procacci, P},
title = {Virtual Double-System Single-Box: A Nonequilibrium Alchemical Technique for Absolute Binding Free Energy Calculations: Application to Ligands of the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease.},
journal = {Journal of chemical theory and computation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00634},
pmid = {33090785},
issn = {1549-9626},
abstract = {In the context of drug-receptor binding affinity calculations using molecular dynamics techniques, we implemented a combination of Hamiltonian replica exchange (HREM) and a novel nonequilibrium alchemical methodology, called virtual double-system single-box, with increased accuracy, precision, and efficiency with respect to the standard nonequilibrium approaches. The method has been applied for the determination of absolute binding free energies of 16 newly designed noncovalent ligands of the main protease (3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2. The core structures of 3CLpro ligands were previously identified using a multimodal structure-based ligand design in combination with docking techniques. The calculated binding free energies for four additional ligands with known activity (either for SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 main protease) are also reported. The nature of binding in the 3CLpro active site and the involved residues besides the CYS-HYS catalytic dyad have been thoroughly characterized by enhanced sampling simulations of the bound state. We have identified several noncongeneric compounds with predicted low micromolar activity for 3CLpro inhibition, which may constitute possible lead compounds for the development of antiviral agents in Covid-19 treatment.},
}
@article {pmid33090782,
year = {2020},
author = {Tang, P and Zhang, Z and El-Moghazy, AY and Wisuthiphaet, N and Nitin, N and Sun, G},
title = {Daylight-Induced Antibacterial and Antiviral Cotton Cloth for Offensive Personal Protection.},
journal = {ACS applied materials &amp; interfaces},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c15540},
pmid = {33090782},
issn = {1944-8252},
abstract = {Cotton fabrics with durable and reusable daylight-induced antibacterial/antiviral functions were developed by using a novel fabrication process, which employs strong electrostatic interaction between cationic cotton fibers and anionic photosensitizers. The cationic cotton contains polycationic short chains produced by a self-propagation of 2-diehtylaminoehtyl chloride (DEAE-Cl) on the surface of cotton fibers. Then, the fabric (i.e., polyDEAE@cotton) can be readily functionalized with anionic photosensitizers like rose Bengal and sodium 2-anthraquinone sulfate to produce biocidal reactive oxygen species (ROS) under light exposure and consequently provide the photo-induced biocidal functions. The biocidal properties of the photo-induced fabrics (PIFs) were demonstrated by ROS production measurements, bactericidal performance against bacteria (e.g., E coli and L. innocua), and antiviral results against T7 bacteriophage. The PIFs achieved 99.9999% (6 log) reductions against bacteria and the bacteriophage within 60 min of daylight exposure. Moreover, the PIFs showcase excellent washability and photostability, making them ideal materials for reusable face masks and protective suits with improved biological protections compared with traditional PPE. This work demonstrated that the cationized cotton could serve as a platform for different functionalization applications, and the resulting fiber materials could inspire the development of reusable and sustainable PPE with significant bioprotective properties to fight the COVID-19 pandemic as well as the spread of other contagious diseases.},
}
@article {pmid33090710,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, J and Liu, Z and Jiang, W and Wang, J and Zhu, M and Song, J and Wang, X and Su, Y and Xiang, G and Ye, M and Li, J and Zhang, Y and Shen, Q and Li, Z and Yao, D and Song, Y and Yu, K and Luo, Z and Ye, L},
title = {Clinical Predictors of COVID-19 Disease Progression and Death: Analysis of 214 Hospitalized Patients from Wuhan, China.},
journal = {The clinical respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/crj.13296},
pmid = {33090710},
issn = {1752-699X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 has spread rapidly worldwide and has been declared a pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To delineate clinical features of COVID-19 patients with different severities and prognoses and clarify the risk factors for disease progression and death at an early stage.<br><br>METHODS: Medical history, laboratory findings, treatment, and outcome data from 214 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia admitted to Eastern Campus of Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University in China were collected from January 30, 2020 to February 20, 2020, and risk factors associated with clinical deterioration and death were analyzed. The final date of follow-up was March 21, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Age, comorbidities, higher neutrophil cell counts, lower lymphocyte counts and subsets, impairment of liver, renal, heart, coagulation systems, systematic inflammation and clinical scores at admission were significantly associated with disease severity. Ten (16.1%) moderate and 45 (47.9%) severe patients experienced deterioration after admission, and median time from illness onset to clinical deterioration was 14.7 (IQR 11.3-18.5) and 14.5 days (IQR 11.8-20.0) respectively. Multivariate analysis showed increased Hazards Ratio of disease progression associated with older age, lymphocyte count < 1.1x10⁹/L, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) > 9.5mmol/L, lactate dehydrogenase > 250 U/L and procalcitonin > 0.1 ng/mL at admission. These factors were also associated with risk of death except for BUN. Prediction models in terms of nomogram for clinical deterioration and death were established to illustrate the probability.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide insights for early detection and management of patients at risk of disease progression or even death, especially older patients and those with comorbidities.},
}
@article {pmid33090696,
year = {2020},
author = {Iessi, E and Cittadini, C and Anticoli, S and Fecchi, K and Matarrese, P and Ruggieri, A},
title = {Sex differences in antiviral immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infection: mitochondria and mitomiR come into view.},
journal = {Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13571},
doi = {10.1111/apha.13571},
pmid = {33090696},
issn = {1748-1716},
abstract = {Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles representing the &quot;powerhouse of cells&quot; for their function as bioenergetics and biosynthetic hubs. In addition, they play an essential role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, including host defenses against viruses, as well as in inflammatory responses 1 . This peculiar role of mitochondria is principally due to the activation of adaptor mitochondrial proteins, known as mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) proteins. MAVS sense viral RNA and trigger the activation of the transcription factor NF-kB or IFN pathways and autophagy, in order to clear the infection and avoid excessive inflammation, respectively1 .},
}
@article {pmid33090686,
year = {2020},
author = {Odonkor, CA and Esparza, R and Flores, LE and Verduzco-Gutierrez, M and Escalon, MX and Solinsky, R and Silver, JK},
title = {Disparities in Health Care for Black Patients in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in the United States: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {PM &amp; R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/pmrj.12509},
pmid = {33090686},
issn = {1934-1563},
abstract = {Racial health disparities continue to disproportionately affect Black persons in the United States (US). Black individuals also have increased risk of worse outcomesassociated with social determinants of health including socioeconomic factors such as income, education and employment. This narrative review included studies originally spanning a period of approximately one decade (December 2009-December 2019) from online databases and with subsequent updates though June 2020. The findings to date suggest pervasive inequities across common conditions and injuries in PM&amp;R for this group compared to other racial/ethnic groups. We found health disparities across several domains for Black persons with stroke, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, hip/knee osteoarthritis and fractures, as well as cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. Although more research is needed, some contributing factors include low access to rehabilitation care, fewer referrals, lower utilization rates, perceived bias, and more self-reliance, even after adjusting for hospitalcharacteristics, age, disease severity, and relevant socioeconomic variables. Some studies found that Black individuals were less likely to receive care that was concordant with clinical guidelinesas per the reported literature.Our review highlights many gaps in the literature on racial disparities that are particularly notable in cardiac, pulmonary, and critical care rehabilitation. Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers should therefore consider race and ethnicity as important factors as we strive to optimize rehabilitation care for an increasingly diverse US population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090681,
year = {2020},
author = {Davies, K},
title = {Resuscitation discussions: learning from Covid-19.},
journal = {The clinical teacher},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tct.13278},
pmid = {33090681},
issn = {1743-498X},
}
@article {pmid33090671,
year = {2020},
author = {Tolani, AS and Wurdeman, SR and Billing, B and O'Brien, E and England, DL and Stevens, PM and Flores, A},
title = {Understanding Changes in Physical Activity Among Lower Limb Prosthesis Users: A COVID-19 Case Series.},
journal = {PM &amp; R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/pmrj.12508},
pmid = {33090671},
issn = {1934-1563},
}
@article {pmid33090658,
year = {2020},
author = {Maeda, K},
title = {Outbreaks of COVID-19 infection in aged care facilities in Japan.},
journal = {Geriatrics &amp; gerontology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ggi.14050},
pmid = {33090658},
issn = {1447-0594},
}
@article {pmid33090645,
year = {2020},
author = {Ibrahimagić, OĆ and Smajlović, D and Dostović, Z and Kunić, S and Šehanović, A and Kojić, B},
title = {COMMENT ON AN ARTICLE: &quot;Coagulopathy in COVID-19&quot;.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jth.15122},
pmid = {33090645},
issn = {1538-7836},
abstract = {We have read with great attention the article &quot;Coagulopathy in COVID-19&quot; written by Toshiaki Iba et al. (Authors), published in the September issue of Journal (1). The Authors performed an effective and informative review. Nevertheless, we welcome the opportunity to make a short comment as well. This very interesting article evaluates current literature regarding harmful hypercoagulable milieu of COVID-19. Surprisingly, we can not see that the Authors recommended other diagnostic considerations such a checking for hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with COVID-19. Undoubtedly, hyperhomocysteinemia has neurotoxic, neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, prooxidative, as well as proatherogenic/ prothrombotic effects.},
}
@article {pmid33090637,
year = {2020},
author = {Kandhari, R and Kohli, M and Trasi, S and Vedamurthy, M and Chhabra, C and Shetty, K and Dhawan, S and Rajan, R},
title = {The changing paradigm of an aesthetic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic - An expert consensus.},
journal = {Dermatologic therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14382},
doi = {10.1111/dth.14382},
pmid = {33090637},
issn = {1529-8019},
abstract = {Until vaccination for the SARS CoV-2 becomes a reality, it appears that the infection is here to stay. With many countries lifting lockdown restrictions, aesthetic clinics have started reopening with strict standard operating procedures in place. It is pertinent that the physician today understands the infection, disinfection measures and personal protective equipment to reduce chances of viral transmission and provide safe clinical settings for oneself, the staff and the patients. An online meeting of 8 experts in the field of aesthetic dermatology was convened, which particularly focussed on PPE in detail, risk categorization of aesthetic procedures, pre procedure recommendations, generalised and specialised SOP's for aesthetic procedures. These recommendations were aimed to bridge the gap between published guidelines and clinical practice and are by no means fully conclusive, but signify learnings over the past few months in an active clinical aesthetic practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090621,
year = {2020},
author = {Tan, L and Song, X and Ren, Y and Wang, M and Guo, C and Guo, D and Gu, Y and Li, Y and Cao, Z and Deng, Y},
title = {Anti-inflammatory effects of cordycepin: A review.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.6890},
pmid = {33090621},
issn = {1099-1573},
support = {81973189//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 81973460//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; U19A2011//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2016TD0006//Sichuan Provincial Youth Science and Technology Innovation Team/ ; },
abstract = {Cordycepin is the major bioactive component extracted from Cordyceps militaris. In recent years, cordycepin has received increasing attention owing to its multiple pharmacological activities. This study reviews recent researches on the anti-inflammatory effects and the related activities of cordycepin. The results from our review indicate that cordycepin exerts protective effects against inflammatory injury for many diseases including acute lung injury (ALI), asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, Parkinson's disease (PD), hepatitis, atherosclerosis, and atopic dermatitis. Cordycepin regulates the NF-κB, RIP2/Caspase-1, Akt/GSK-3β/p70S6K, TGF-β/Smads, and Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways among others. Several studies focusing on cordycepin derivatives were reviewed and found to down metabolic velocity of cordycepin and increase its bioavailability. Moreover, cordycepin enhanced immunity, inhibited the proliferation of viral RNA, and suppressed cytokine storms, thereby suggesting its potential to treat COVID-19 and other viral infections. From the collected and reviewed information, this article provides the theoretical basis for the clinical applications of cordycepin and discusses the path for future studies focusing on expanding the medicinal use of cordycepin. Taken together, cordycepin and its analogs show great potential as the next new class of anti-inflammatory agents.},
}
@article {pmid33090599,
year = {2020},
author = {Zrzavy, T and Wimmer, I and Rommer, PS and Berger, T},
title = {Immunology of COVID-19 and disease-modifying therapies: the good, the bad and the unknown.},
journal = {European journal of neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ene.14578},
pmid = {33090599},
issn = {1468-1331},
abstract = {The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with an until then unknown, infectious agent posed unprecedented challenges to health care systems and unmasked their vulnerability and limitations worldwide. Patients with long-term immunomodulatory/suppressive therapies, as well as their physicians, were and are concerned about balancing the risk of infection and disease-modifying effects. Over the last few months, the knowledge regarding SARS-CoV-2 has been growing tremendously, as well as the first experiences of infections in MS patients. This review summarizes the currently still limited knowledge about SARS-Cov-2 immunology and the commonly agreed mode of action of approved drugs in immune-mediated diseases of the central nervous system (MS and NMOSD). Specifically, we discuss whether immunosuppressive/-modulatory drugs may increase the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and, on the other hand, may decrease the severity of a COVID-19 disease course. At present, it can be recommended in general that none of those therapies with a definite indication needs to be stopped per se. A possibly increased risk of infection for most medications is accompanied by the possibility to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Despite the knowledge gain over the last few months, current evidence remains limited, and, thus, further clinical vigilance and systematic documentation is mandatory.},
}
@article {pmid33090596,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, S and Sharma, P and Balhara, YPS},
title = {The impact of nationwide alcohol ban during the COVID-19 lockdown on alcohol use-related internet searches and behaviour in India: An infodemiology study.},
journal = {Drug and alcohol review},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dar.13187},
pmid = {33090596},
issn = {1465-3362},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND AIMS: To control the spread of COVID-19, India imposed a nationwide lockdown in phases including lockdown 1.0 (25 March-14 April) and 2.0 (15 April-3 May). Among other restrictions, it involved a complete ban of alcohol sales. We aimed to examine and interpret the changes in online search interest for keywords representing different alcohol-related themes during the lockdown period in India.<br><br>DESIGN AND METHODS: Data were extracted using the framework described for using Google Trends in health-related research. The list of alcohol-related search queries was prepared for four broad themes: types of alcoholic beverages consumed; means of accessing alcohol; problems experienced due to break in alcohol supply; and help-seeking for alcohol use disorders. The mean relative search volumes across three time periods (pre-lockdown; lockdown 1.0; lockdown 2.0) were compared using spss version 23.0.<br><br>RESULTS: A significant increase in online search interest for keywords related to the procurement of alcohol was observed in lockdown 1.0 but not during lockdown 2.0, compared with pre-lockdown. A significant increase in online search interest for alcohol withdrawal was observed during lockdown 1.0 compared to the pre-lockdown period. A significant increase in online search interest for keywords representing benzodiazepines was observed in lockdown 2.0.<br><br>DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Indian internet users exhibited significantly increased online interest for alcohol-related searches during lockdown. It seems that the challenges associated with offering interventions for alcohol use-related problems are likely to continue once the lockdown is lifted and people have the option to access alcohol and treatment services freely.},
}
@article {pmid33090535,
year = {2020},
author = {Bwire, GM and Njiro, BJ and Mwakawanga, DL and Sabas, D and Sunguya, BF},
title = {Possible vertical transmission and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 among infants born to mothers with COVID-19: A living systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26622},
pmid = {33090535},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Current evidence suggests that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is predominantly transmitted from human-to-human. However, evidence on vertical transmission and natural passive immunity among the newborns exposed to COVID-19 is scanty and varies. This poses a challenge on preventive interventions for the newborns. We conducted a systematic review to first, determine the likelihood of vertical transmission among COVID-19 exposed infants and second, determine whether antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were generated among COVID-19 vertically exposed but negative infants. This review registered in PROSPERO searched evidence from PubMed/ MEDLINE and Google Scholar, among others. About 517 studies were pooled, where 33 articles (5.8%) met the inclusion criteria such as infection prevention and control measures at birth. A total of 205 infants born to COVID-19 positive mothers were studied. Overall, 6.3% (13/205; 95%CI: 3.0%-9.7%) of the infants tested positive for COVID-19 virus at birth. Of 33 eligible studies, 6 studies (18.8%) reported about immunoglobulin G/ M (IgG/IgM) against SARS-CoV-2. IgG/IgM were detected in 90% infants (10/11; 95%CI: 73.9%-107.9%) who tested negative for COVID-19 virus. The median antibody levels detected were 75.49AU/mL (range: 7.25AU/mL-140.32AU/mL) and 3.79AU/mL (range: 0.16AU/mL-45.83AU/mL), p = 0.0041 for IgG and IgM, respectively. In conclusion, the current evidence revealed a low possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 and antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected among vertically exposed but negative infants. Further studies on transplacental transmission and the magnitude of natural passive immunity in infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090533,
year = {2020},
author = {Takagi, H},
title = {Presidential vote 2016 and COVID-19 epidemic.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26620},
pmid = {33090533},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {&quot;Tonight, @FLOTUS and I tested positive for COVID-19,&quot; President Trump tweeted on 2 October 2020 (https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1311892190680014849). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090532,
year = {2020},
author = {Sreenivasan, CC and Thomas, M and Wang, D and Li, F},
title = {Susceptibility of livestock and companion animals to COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26621},
pmid = {33090532},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to wreak havoc, there is little known about the susceptibility of the livestock and companion animals relative to humans. Here, we explore the susceptibility of companion and agricultural animals, in the light of the existing information on natural infections, experimental infections, serosurveillance, and in vitro protein-homology binding interaction studies of the SARS-CoV-2 with the proposed receptor Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) from diverse animal species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090527,
year = {2020},
author = {Higuchi, T and Nishida, T and Iwahashi, H and Morimura, O and Otani, Y and Okauchi, Y and Yokoe, M and Suzuki, N and Inada, M and Abe, K},
title = {Early Clinical Factors Predicting the Development of Critical Disease in Japanese Patients with COVID-19: A Single-Center, Retrospective, Observational Study.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26599},
pmid = {33090527},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The factors predicting the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from mild to moderate to critical are unclear. We retrospectively evaluated risk factors for disease progression in Japanese COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHOD: Seventy-four patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were hospitalized in our hospital between February 20, 2020, and June 10, 2020. We excluded asymptomatic, non-Japanese, and pediatric patients. We divided patients into the stable group (SG) and the progression group (PG) (requiring mechanical ventilation). We compared the clinical factors. We established the cutoff values (COVs) for significantly different factors via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and identified risk factors by univariate regression.<br><br>RESULTS: We enrolled 57 COVID-19 patients (median age 52 years, 56.1% male). The median time from symptom onset to admission was eight days. Seven patients developed critical disease (PG: 12.2%), two (3.5%) of whom died; 50 had stable disease. Univariate logistic analysis identified an elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level (COV: 309 U/l), a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (COV: 68 ml/min), lymphocytopenia (COV: 980/μl), and statin use as significantly associated with disease progression. However, in the Cox proportional hazards analysis, lymphocytopenia at admission was not significant.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We identified three candidate risk factors for progression to critical COVID-19 in adult Japanese patients: statin use, elevated LDH level, and decreased eGFR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090517,
year = {2020},
author = {Ersin, F and Kartal, M},
title = {The determination of the perceived stress levels and health-protective behaviors of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Perspectives in psychiatric care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ppc.12636},
pmid = {33090517},
issn = {1744-6163},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The study was carried out to determine the perceived stress levels and health-protective behaviors of nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>DESIGN AND METHODS: This study used a descriptive design. The sample consisted of a total of 372 students.<br><br>FINDINGS: The examination of the protective measures adopted by the students against COVID-19 indicated that the mean perceived stress subscale scores of the students who did not use a mask and disposable wipes when coughing/sneezing were statistically significantly higher (p < .005).<br><br>PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The stress levels of students should be determined at certain intervals, and interventional studies on coping methods that will reduce stress levels should be planned.},
}
@article {pmid33090515,
year = {2020},
author = {Rosen, HR and O'Connell, C and Nadim, MK and DeClerck, B and Sheibani, S and DePasquale, E and Sanossian, N and Blodget, E and Angell, T},
title = {Extrapulmonary Manifestations of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26595},
pmid = {33090515},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has resulted in a global pandemic with unprecedented health, societal and economic impact. The disease often manifests with flu-like symptoms and is dominated by pulmonary complications, but widely diverse clinical manifestations involving multiple organ systems can result. We posit that viral tropism and the aberrant host immune response mediate the protean findings and severity in this disease. In general, extrapulmonary manifestations are a harbinger of or contemporaneously associate with disease progression, but in the case of some extrapulmonary findings (GI and dermatologic), may track with milder disease. The precise underlying pathophysiological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated, and additional immune phenotyping studies are warranted to reveal early correlates of disease outcomes and novel therapeutic targets. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090512,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, S and Tian, C and Liu, P and Guo, D and Zheng, W and Huang, X and Zhang, Y and Liu, L},
title = {Effects of SARS-CoV-2 mutations on protein structures and intraviral protein-protein interactions.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26597},
pmid = {33090512},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Since 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has infected ten millions of people across the globe, and massive mutations in virus genome have occurred during the rapid spread of this novel coronavirus. Variance in protein sequence might lead to change in protein structure and interaction, then further affect the viral physiological characteristics, which could bring tremendous influence on the pandemic. In this study, we investigated 20 non-synonymous mutations in SARS-CoV-2 genome which incidence rates were all ≥1% as of September 1st, 2020, then modeled and analyzed the mutant protein structures. The results showed that four types of mutations caused dramatic changes in protein structures (RMSD ≥5.0 Å), which were Q57H and G251V in open reading frames 3a (ORF3a), S194L and R203K/G204R in nucleocapsid (N). Next, we found that these mutations also affected the binding affinity of intraviral protein interactions. In addition, the hot spots within these docking mutant complexes were altered, among which the mutation Q57H was involved in both Orf3a-S and Orf3a-Orf8 protein interactions. Besides, these mutations were widely distributed all over the world, and their occurrences fluctuated as time went on. Notably, the incidences of R203K/G204R in N and Q57H in Orf3a were both over 50% in some countries. Overall, our findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 mutations could change viral protein structure, binding affinity and hot spots of the interface, thereby might have impacts on SARS-CoV-2 transmission, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090501,
year = {2020},
author = {Qu, J and Li, GH and Wang, JJ and He, GF and Huang, JJ and Chen, Y and Qu, Q and Chen, XY and Lu, Q},
title = {Comparative Effectiveness of Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Based Regimens in COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental pharmacology &amp; physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1440-1681.13425},
pmid = {33090501},
issn = {1440-1681},
abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an epidemic disease caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreading throughout the world rapidly. Here we evaluated the efficacy of the Lopinavir/Ritonavir (LPV/r) and its combination with other drugs in the treatment of COVID-19. We included 170 confirmed COVID-19 patients who had been cured and discharged. Their antiviral therapies were LPV/r alone or combinations with Interferon (IFN), Novaferon and Arbidol. We evaluated the medications efficacy by comparing the time of the negative nucleic acid conversion and the length of hospitalization mainly. The LPV/r+Novaferon [6.00(4.00-8.00) &amp;7.50(5.00-10.00) days] had shorter time of the negative nucleic acid conversion (P=0.0036) and shorter time of hospitalization(P<0.001) compared with LPV/r alone [9.00(5.00-12.00) &amp;12.00(11.00-15.00) days] and LPV/r+ IFN [9.00(7.25-11.00) &amp;12.00(10.00-13.50) days]. On the contrary, LPV/r+IFN [9.00(7.25-11.00) &amp; 12.00(10.00-13.50) days] had shorter time of the negative nucleic acid conversion (P=0.031) and shorter time of hospitalization (P<0.001) compared with LPV/r+IFN+Novaferon [10.00(8.00-11.25) &amp; 13.50(11.50-17.00) days] and LPV/r+IFN+Arbidol [14.00(9.75-19.00) &amp; 19.50(13.25-24.00) days]. In conclusion, the combination of LPV/r and Novaferon may have better efficacy against COVID-19. However, adding IFN based on LPV/r+Novaferon or adding Arbidol based on LPV/r+IFN may not improve the efficacy.},
}
@article {pmid33090493,
year = {2020},
author = {Podder, S and Ghosh, A and Ghosh, T},
title = {Mutations in membrane-fusion subunit of spike glycoprotein play crucial role in the recent outbreak of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26598},
pmid = {33090493},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {COVID-19, the ongoing pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 is a major threat to the entire human race. It is reported that SARS-CoV2 seems to have relatively low pathogenicity and higher transmissibility than previously outbroke SARS-CoV. To explore the reason of increased transmissibility of SARS-CoV2 compared to SARS-CoV, we have performed a comparative analysis on the structural proteins (Spike, Envelope, Membrane, Nucleoprotein) of two viruses. Our analysis revealed that extensive substitutions of hydrophobic to polar and charged amino acids in spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV2 creates an intrinsically disordered region (IDR)at the beginning of membrane-fusion subunit and intrinsically disordered residues in fusion peptide. IDR provides potential site for proteolysis by furin and enriched disordered residues facilitate prompt fusion of the SARS-CoV2 with host membrane by recruiting Molecular Recognition features. Here, we have hypothesized that mutation driven accumulation of intrinsically disordered residues in spike glycoproteins play dual role in enhancing viral transmissibility than previous SARS-corona virus. These analyses may help in epidemic surveillance and preventive measures against COVID-19. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid33090478,
year = {2020},
author = {Brachini, G and Sapienza, P and Cirillo, B and Fonsi, GB and Crocetti, D and Mingoli, A},
title = {Role of lung ultrasound in patients requiring emergency surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.12052},
pmid = {33090478},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid33090469,
year = {2020},
author = {Kane, AD and Paterson, J and Pokhrel, S and Berry, SK and Monkhouse, D and Brand, JW and Ingram, M and Danjoux, GR},
title = {Peri-operative COVID-19 infection in urgent elective surgery during a pandemic surge period: a retrospective observational cohort study.},
journal = {Anaesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/anae.15281},
pmid = {33090469},
issn = {1365-2044},
abstract = {Maintaining safe elective surgical activity during the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is challenging and it is not clear how COVID-19 may impact peri-operative morbidity and mortality in this population. Therefore, adaptations to normal care pathways are required. Here, we establish if implementation of a bespoke peri-operative care bundle for urgent elective surgery during a pandemic surge period can deliver a low COVID-19-associated complication profile. We present a single-centre retrospective cohort study from a tertiary care hospital of patients planned for urgent elective surgery during the initial COVID-19 surge in the UK between 29 March and 12 June 2020. Patients asymptomatic for COVID-19 were screened by oronasal swab and chest imaging (chest X-ray or computed tomography if aged ≥ 18 years), proceeding to surgery if negative. COVID-19 positive patients at screening were delayed. Postoperatively, patients transitioning to COVID-19 positive status by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing were identified by an in-house tracking system and monitored for complications and death within 30 days of surgery. Out of 557 patients referred for surgery (230 (41.3%) women; median (IQR [range]) age 61 (48-72 [1-89])), 535 patients (96%) had COVID-19 screening, of which 13 were positive (2.4%, 95%CI 1.4-4.1%). Out of 512 patients subsequently undergoing surgery, 7 (1.4%) developed COVID-19 positive status (1.4%, 95%CI 0.7-2.8%) with one COVID-19-related death (0.2%, 95%CI 0.0-1.1%) within 30 days. Out of these seven patients, four developed pneumonia, of which two required invasive ventilation including one patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Low rates of COVID-19 infection and mortality in the elective surgical population can be achieved within a targeted care bundle. This should provide reassurance that elective surgery can continue, where possible, despite high community rates of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33090468,
year = {2020},
author = {Cook, TM and Kelly, F and Pearse, R and Nolan, J},
title = {Anaesthesia research capacity: time for a rethink in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Anaesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/anae.15289},
pmid = {33090468},
issn = {1365-2044},
}
@article {pmid33090458,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahajan, NN and Kesarwani, SN and Shinde, SS and Nayak, A and Modi, DN and Mahale, SD and Gajbhiye, RK},
title = {Co-infection of malaria and dengue in pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13415},
pmid = {33090458},
issn = {1879-3479},
abstract = {Many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience high rates of malaria and other neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), such as dengue [1]. The COVID-19 pandemic complicates these matters further as COVID-19 in pregnant women is associated with an increased risk of preterm birth, and in some LMICs it is associated with a higher risk of maternal death [2].},
}
@article {pmid33090451,
year = {2020},
author = {Vanni, G and Materazzo, M and Pellicciaro, M and Caspi, J and Capacci, A and Merra, G},
title = {Access to health care after COVID-19 pandemic: is it time for telemedicine?.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {9778-9779},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23185},
pmid = {33090451},
issn = {2284-0729},
}
@article {pmid33090441,
year = {2020},
author = {Piccioni, A and Brigida, M and Loria, V and Zanza, C and Longhitano, Y and Zaccaria, R and Racco, S and Gasbarrini, A and Ojetti, V and Franceschi, F and Candelli, M},
title = {Role of troponin in COVID-19 pandemic: a review of literature.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10293-10300},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23254},
pmid = {33090441},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Acute SARS-CoV-2 respiratory disease is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 belonging to the coronaviridae family. A pandemic is still present as of May 2020. In addition to causing pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2 may induce a direct damage to the heart, causing myocarditis, with significant impairment of cardiac contractility, and/or pericarditis. Elderly patients and those with cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus, are at increased risk of heart complications from COVID-19. In this review, we focused on the correlation between COVID-19 infection and the high sensitivity troponin T and I, and their significance in the development of myocarditis. Data emerging from the studies so far conducted indicate that a high value of high-sensitivity troponin represents a negative prognostic indicator when associated with heart damage on an infectious-inflammatory basis (i.e. myopericarditis). We should identify a safe and clear diagnostic algorithm, possibly combining patient clinical history, troponin levels and cardiac ultrasound findings that could help us in the prediction of myopericarditis.},
}
@article {pmid33090440,
year = {2020},
author = {Meo, SA and Abukhalaf, AA and Alomar, AA and Alessa, OM},
title = {Wildfire and COVID-19 pandemic: effect of environmental pollution PM-2.5 and carbon monoxide on the dynamics of daily cases and deaths due to SARS-COV-2 infection in San-Francisco USA.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10286-10292},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23253},
pmid = {33090440},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The wildfire allied environmental pollution is highly toxic and can cause significant wide-ranging damage to the regional environment, weather conditions, and it can facilitate the transmission of microorganisms and diseases. The present study aims to investigate the effect of wildfire allied pollutants, particulate matter (PM-2.5 μm), and carbon monoxide (CO) on the dynamics of daily cases and deaths due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in San Francisco, USA.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this study, we selected San Francisco, one of the regions affected by the wildfires allied pollution in California, USA. The data on the COVID-19 pandemic in San Francisco, including daily new cases and new deaths were recorded from Worldometer Web. The daily environmental pollutants particulate matter (PM-2.5 μm) and carbon monoxide (CO) were recorded from the metrological web &quot;BAAQMD&quot;. The daily cases, deaths, particulate matter (PM-2.5 μm) and carbon monoxide were documented from the date of the occurrence of the first case of (SARS-CoV-2) in San Francisco, CA, USA, from March 20, 2020 to Sept 16, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: The results revealed a significant positive correlation between the environmental pollutants particulate matter (PM2.5 μm) and the number of daily cases (r=0.203, p=0.007), cumulative cases (r=0.567, p<0.001) and cumulative deaths (r=0.562, p<0.001); whereas the PM2.5 μm and daily deaths had no relationship (r=-0.015, p=0.842). In addition, CO was also positively correlated with cumulative cases (r=0.423, p<0.001) and cumulative deaths (r=0.315, p<0.001), however, CO had no correlation with the number of daily cases (r=0.134, p=0.075) and daily deaths (r=0.030, p=0.693). In San Francisco, one micrometer (μg/m3) increase in PM2.5 caused an increase in the daily cases, cumulative cases and cumulative deaths of SARS-COV-2 by 0.5%, 0.9% and 0.6%, respectively. Moreover, with a 1 part per million (ppm) increase in carbon monoxide level, the daily number of cases, cumulative cases and cumulative deaths increased by 5%, 9.3% and 5.3%, respectively. On the other hand, CO and daily deaths had no significant relationship.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The wildfire allied pollutants, particulate matter PM-2.5μm and CO have a positive association with an increased number of SARS-COV-2 daily cases, cumulative cases and cumulative deaths in San Francisco. The metrological, disaster management and health officials must implement the necessary policies and assist in planning to minimize the wildfire incidences, environmental pollution and COVID-19 pandemic both at regional and international levels.},
}
@article {pmid33090439,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, C and Zhang, H and Zhou, M and Cheng, Y and Ye, L and Chen, J and Wang, M and Feng, Z},
title = {Prognosis of COVID-19 in patients with vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10279-10285},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23252},
pmid = {33090439},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: SARS-CoV-2 is currently affecting millions of humans worldwide, thus contributing to the COVID-19 pandemic. Thromboembolic events have a higher incidence among patients with COVID-19, but there are few reports on the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and thromboembolic events. The objectives of this meta-analysis were to explore the relationship between the prognosis of COVID-19 patients and thromboembolic events.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline (PubMed), the Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for case-control studies that included data on vein thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 and were published in English, between January 1 and July 25, 2020. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the included data were confirmed, the prognoses of patients with and without concurrent thromboembolic events were compared, and the odds ratio (OR) was used as the effect size.<br><br>RESULTS: Eighteen studies (2,030 patients) were included. Thromboembolic events complicated a total of 609 COVID-19 patients. The combined OR of the mortality of COVID-19 patients with thromboembolic events was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.13-3.27), that of ICU treatment rate was 2.63 (95% CI: 1.49-4.67), and that of treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation was 3.14 (95% CI: 1.97-5.02).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As compared with COVID-19 patients with and without thromboembolism, the mortality, ICU treatment rate, and invasive mechanical ventilation treatment rate of COVID-19 patients with thromboembolism were found to be increased significantly, and the prognosis was worse.},
}
@article {pmid33090438,
year = {2020},
author = {Akhter, N and Ahmad, S and Alzahrani, FA and Dar, SA and Wahid, M and Haque, S and Bhatia, K and Sr Almalki, S and Alharbi, RA and Sindi, AAA},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 on the cerebrovascular system and the prevention of RBC lysis.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10267-10278},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23251},
pmid = {33090438},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) uses Angiotensin- converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors to infect host cells which may lead to coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Given the presence of ACE2 receptors in the brain and the critical role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in brain functions, special attention to brain microcirculation and neuronal inflammation is warranted during COVID-19 treatment. Neurological complications reported among COVID-19 patients range from mild dizziness, headache, hypogeusia, hyposmia to severe like encephalopathy, stroke, Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS), CNS demyelination, infarcts, microhemorrhages and nerve root enhancement. The pathophysiology of these complications is likely via direct viral infection of the CNS and PNS tissue or through indirect effects including post- viral autoimmune response, neurological consequences of sepsis, hyperpyrexia, hypoxia and hypercoagulability among critically ill COVID-19 patients. Further, decreased deformability of red blood cells (RBC) may be contributing to inflammatory conditions and hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. Haptoglobin, hemopexin, heme oxygenase-1 and acetaminophen may be used to maintain the integrity of the RBC membrane.},
}
@article {pmid33090437,
year = {2020},
author = {De Giorgi, A and Fabbian, F and Greco, S and Di Simone, E and De Giorgio, R and Passaro, A and Zuliani, G and Manfredini, R and , },
title = {Prediction of in-hospital mortality of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection by comorbidity indexes: an Italian internal medicine single center study.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10258-10266},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23250},
pmid = {33090437},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for severe acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection seems to be closely related with burden of comorbidities. A comorbidity score could help in clinical stratification of patients admitted to internal medicine units. Our aim was to assess a novel modified Elixhauser index (mEi) and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) for predicting in-hospital mortality (IHM) in internal medicine patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study enrolled all consecutive patients discharged from internal medicine unit with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Both the mEi and CCI were easily calculated from administrative data. Comorbidity scores were tested using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and the respective area under the curve (AUC).<br><br>RESULTS: The total sample consisted of 151 individuals, and 30 (19.9%) died during their hospital stay. Deceased subjects were older (82.8±10.8 vs. 63.3±18.1 years; p<0.001) and had a higher burden of comorbidities: the mEi and CCI were 29.9±11 vs. 8.8±9.2 and 4.6±2.6 vs. 1.2±2 (p<0.001), respectively. Only the mEi was independently associated with IHM (OR 1.173), and ROC curves analysis showed that the AUCs were 0.863 and 0.918 for the CCI and for mEi, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In patients admitted to internal medicine wards with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mEi showed a better performance in predicting IHM than CCI.},
}
@article {pmid33090436,
year = {2020},
author = {Doganci, S and Ince, ME and Ors, N and Yildirim, AK and Sir, E and Karabacak, K and Eksert, S and Ozgurtas, T and Tasci, C and Dogan, D and Ozkan, G and Cosar, A and Gulcelik, MA and Aydin, K and Yildirim, V and Erdol, C},
title = {A new COVID-19 prediction scoring model for in-hospital mortality: experiences from Turkey, single center retrospective cohort analysis.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10247-10257},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23249},
pmid = {33090436},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Although many studies reported prognostic factors proceeding to severity of COVID-19 patients, in none of the article a prediction scoring model has been proposed. In this article a new prediction tool is presented in combination of Turkish experience during pandemic.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Laboratory and clinical data of 397 over 798 confirmed COVID-19 patients from Gülhane Training and Research Hospital electronic medical record system were included into this retrospective cohort study between the dates of 23 March to 18 May 2020. Patient demographics, peripheral venous blood parameters, symptoms at admission, in hospital mortality data were collected. Non-survivor and survivor patients were compared to find out a prediction scoring model for mortality.<br><br>RESULTS: There was 34 [8.56% (95% CI:0.06-0.11)] mortality during study period. Mean age of patients was 57.1±16.7 years. Older age, comorbid diseases, symptoms, such as fever, dyspnea, fatigue and gastrointestinal and WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio of patients in non-survivors were significantly higher. Univariate analysis demonstrated that OR for prognostic nutritional index (PNI) tertile 1 was 18.57 (95% CI: 4.39-78.65, p<0.05) compared to tertile 2. Performance statistics of prediction scoring method showed 98% positive predictive value for criteria 1.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to constitute prognostic clinical and laboratory parameters for faster delineation of patients who are prone to worse prognosis. Suggested prediction scoring method may guide healthcare professional to discriminate severe COVID-19 patients and provide prompt intensive therapies which is highly important due to rapid progression leading to mortality.},
}
@article {pmid33090435,
year = {2020},
author = {Jiang, B and Wei, H},
title = {Oxygen therapy strategies and techniques to treat hypoxia in COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10239-10246},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23248},
pmid = {33090435},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Hypoxia is one of the primary causes that leads to multiple organ injuries and death in COVID-19 patients. Aggressive oxygen therapy for the treatment of hypoxia is important in saving these patients. We have summarized the mechanisms, efficacy, and side effects of various oxygen therapy techniques and their status or the potential to treat hypoxia in COVID-19 patients. The benefit to risk ratio of each oxygen therapy technique and strategy to use them in COVID-19 patients are discussed. High flow nasal cannula oxygen (HFNO) should be considered a better choice as an early stage oxygen therapy. Supraglottic jet oxygenation and ventilation (SJOV) is a promising alternative for HFNO with potential benefits.},
}
@article {pmid33090434,
year = {2020},
author = {Jiang, B and Liang, S and Liang, G and Wei, H},
title = {Could dantrolene be explored as a repurposed drug to treat COVID-19 patients by restoring intracellular calcium homeostasis?.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10228-10238},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23247},
pmid = {33090434},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Dantrolene, an FDA approved drug to treat malignant hyperthermia and muscle spasm, has been demonstrated to inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) mediated toxicity of host cells. Ryanodine receptor overactivation and associated disruption of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis play important roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication of host cells. Dantrolene, as an inhibitor of RyRs, is expected to ameliorate these detrimental effects of SARS-CoV-2 in host cells. Additionally, dantrolene has also been shown to inhibit multiple cell or organ damage induced by hypoxia/ischemia, mitochondria damage, oxidative stresses, inflammation, impairment of autophagy and apoptosis, etc., which are often the causes of severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. We have repurposed that dantrolene has a high potential at treating COVID-19 patients and reducing its morbidity and mortality.},
}
@article {pmid33090433,
year = {2020},
author = {Marano, G and Gaetani, E and Gasbarrini, A and Janiri, L and Sani, G and Mazza, M and , },
title = {Mental health and counseling intervention for hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) during the COVID-19 pandemic: perspectives from Italy.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10225-10227},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23246},
pmid = {33090433},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an inherited disorder of fibrovascular tissue, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. This rare disease can involve one or more organs and clinical manifestations interest several medical specialties.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of recent literature and our clinical experience shows that COVID-19 pandemic greatly influences the autonomy and psychic sphere of patients with HHT, causing them further distress.<br><br>RESULTS: Often patients affected by HHT experience a sense of loneliness due to the rarity of this pathology and COVID-19 pandemic adds a burden for them and their caregivers who have to face emotional experiences that interfere with personal, social and working functioning.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Multidisciplinary approach and web-mediated counseling intervention could offer a valid and personalized support for patients affected by HHT and their caregivers during quarantine due to COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33090432,
year = {2020},
author = {Sette-de-Souza, PH and Soares Martins, JC and Martins-de-Barros, AV and Rodrigues Vieira, B and Fernandes Costa, MJ and da Costa Araújo, FA},
title = {A critical appraisal of evidence in the use of preprocedural mouthwash to avoid SARS-CoV-2 transmission during oral interventions.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10222-10224},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23245},
pmid = {33090432},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to review and report the current evidence supporting the use of mouthwashes as a preprocedural protocol on dental offices.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a secondary one that performed a comprehensive literature search of scientific studies published up to 10th August 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases. The electronic search strategy was performed using free text and DeCS/MeSH terms.<br><br>RESULTS: Only five studies were included in this work, despite 140 studies that were identified with the research strategy. In vivo studies were carried out in two works, in vitro studies were described in two papers, and a in silico approach was used in one work. No cetylpyridinium chloride studies were identified, while chlorhexidine and povidone studies were more studied.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: There is reduced evidence about how preprocedural mouthwashes decrease SARS-CoV-2 salivary load.},
}
@article {pmid33090431,
year = {2020},
author = {Kavithaa, K and Paulpandi, M and Balachandar, V and Ramesh, M and Narayanasamy, A},
title = {Production and application of polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 viral spike protein. Development to rapid, highly sensitive diagnosis kit for early Corona viral detection among the population.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10219-10221},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23244},
pmid = {33090431},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Pathogenic novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a recently rising infection that causes a high death rate in contaminated individuals. Many of the individuals who are infected are unaware of the infection because they may be asymptomatic carriers of the virus.To early analyze the viral disease, we proposed advancement of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins-explicit polyclonal antibodies-based kit described in this specific circumstance. The tests, if made accessible from variety of makers, can help smooth out early immunodetection of the crown viral infection. The survey Safe and Patient Friendly Healthcare suggests early diagnosis as the key to patients recovering from this deadly ailment.},
}
@article {pmid33090430,
year = {2020},
author = {Guo, CC and Mi, JQ and Nie, H},
title = {Seropositivity rate and diagnostic accuracy of serological tests in 2019-nCoV cases: a pooled analysis of individual studies.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10208-10218},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23243},
pmid = {33090430},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Currently, detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA is standard in the diagnosis of COVID-19 (2019-nCoV). However, reliable and rapid serological diagnostic methods to screen SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, including those who do not have overt symptoms, are urgently needed. Most studies have described serological tests based on the detection of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM and IgG. Here, we attempted to systematically analyze the positive rates and comprehensive diagnostic efficacy of IgM and IgG in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: By systematically searching PubMed, medRxiv, bioRxiv and other databases, studies regarding the detection of peripheral blood IgM and/or IgG related to SARS-CoV-2 were collected. The positive rate, sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), area under the curve (AUC) and corresponding 95% CIs were obtained by weighted quantitative mergence, and the source of heterogeneity was explored by performing a subgroup study and sensitivity analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 30 studies were included, which were comprised of 3856 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive cases, 368 suspected RNA negative cases, 1167 asymptomatic carriers, and 2526 RNA negative controls. The corresponding meta-analysis showed that in confirmed cases with 2019-nCoV, the positive rates of single IgM, single IgG and their joint detection related to SARS-CoV-2 were 61.2% (95% CI: 53.4%-69.0%), 58.8% (95% CI: 49.6%-68.0%) and 62.1% (52.7%-71.4%), respectively. In suspected RNA negative cases, the positive rates of single IgM, single IgG and their joint detection were 29.0% (95% CI: 14.0%-44.0%), 37.0% (95% CI: 20.0%-55.0%) and 55.0% (95% CI: 19.0%-90.0%), respectively. Interestingly, IgM/IgG detection also demonstrated a positive rate of 19% (95% CI: 10.0%-27.0%) in asymptomatic cases. Using RT-PCR test as reference, the AUCs of IgM, IgG and IgM/IgG in the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV infection were 0.9656, 0.9766, and 0.9838, respectively. The stratified analyses showed that among confirmed cases with 2019-nCoV, the positive rates of IgM and IgG were 27.3% (95%CI: 19.8%-34.8%) and 22.3% (95% CI: 11.3%-33.3%), respectively, 0-7days following the onset of symptoms, whereas the positive rate of parallel IgM/IgG testing attained 39.3% (95% CI: 24.2%-54.4%). Moreover, the efficacy of antibody testing based on CLIA (chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassays) in diagnosing 2019-nCoV infection was higher than that of LFIA (lateral flow immunoassays) and ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: IgM, IgG and their joint testing exhibited high clinical value in the diagnosis of 2019-nCoV, which may assist in making up for the deficiency of throat swab RNA tests.},
}
@article {pmid33090429,
year = {2020},
author = {Binello, N and Garrasi, C and Canale, E and Sancipriano, V and Audisio, K and Nicolì, V and Airola, C and Nocera, L and Vitale, C and Perotto, M and , },
title = {Building a Covid-19 unit in a state of emergency: a cross-generational working model. Healthcare delivery lessons from the pandemic.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10205-10207},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23242},
pmid = {33090429},
issn = {2284-0729},
}
@article {pmid33090428,
year = {2020},
author = {Roy, MP},
title = {Short report - COVID-19 and weather parameters: Pune, India.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {19},
pages = {10203-10204},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202010_23241},
pmid = {33090428},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Weather parameters may have some role in determining the spread of Coronavirus disease 2019. Daily data on COVID-19 from Pune, India were collected from 17th May to 4th July 2020 and analyzed with such parameters. Relative humidity was found to have a positive relationship with the number of daily cases, even after taking a lag period of one week. Further studies may be helpful in understanding such relationships.},
}
@article {pmid33090361,
year = {2020},
author = {Edjoc, R and Atchessi, N and Lien, A and Smith, BA and Gabrani-Juma, I and Abalos, C and Heisz, M},
title = {Assessing the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada using testing data and time-dependent reproduction numbers.},
journal = {Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.17269/s41997-020-00428-w},
pmid = {33090361},
issn = {1920-7476},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To compare a mathematical tool and time-dependent reproduction number (Rt) estimates to assess the COVID-19 pandemic progression in a Canadian context.<br><br>METHODS: Total number of reported cases were plotted against total number of tests for COVID-19 performed over time, with and without smoothing, for Canada and some Canadian provinces individually. Changes in curvature profile were identified as either convex or concave as indicators of pandemic acceleration or deceleration, respectively. Rt estimates were calculated on an exponential growth rate.<br><br>RESULTS: For Canada as a whole, the testing graphs had a slightly concave profile and a coincident decrease in Rt estimates. Saskatchewan more recently had a convex profile with a gradual shift to a concave profile and also demonstrated a gradual decline in Rt estimates. Curves and Rt estimates for Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec displayed a gradual shift towards concavity over time and an overall decrease in Rt estimates, which is suggestive of a positive impact of public health interventions implemented federally and provincially.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The present analyses compared a mathematical tool to Rt estimates to ascertain the status of the pandemic in Canada. Caution should be taken when interpreting results due to factors such as varying testing protocols, available testing data unique to each province and limitations inherent to each method, which may generate different results using the two approaches. Analysis of testing data may complement metrics obtained from surveillance data to allow for a weight-of-evidence approach to assess the status of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33090359,
year = {2020},
author = {Dahab, MA and Hegazy, MM and Abbass, HS},
title = {Hordatines as a Potential Inhibitor of COVID-19 Main Protease and RNA Polymerase: An In-Silico Approach.},
journal = {Natural products and bioprospecting},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13659-020-00275-9},
pmid = {33090359},
issn = {2192-2195},
abstract = {Total 40 natural compounds were selected to perform the molecular docking studies to screen and identify the potent antiviral agents specifically for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The key targets of COVID-19, protease (PDB ID: 7BQY) and RNA polymerase (PDB ID: 7bV2) were used to dock our target compounds by Molecular Operating Environment (MOE) version 2014.09. We used 3 different conformations of protease target (6M0K, 6Y2F and 7BQY) and two different score functions to strengthen the probability of inhibitors discovery. After an extensive screening analysis, 20 compounds exhibit good binding affinities to one or both COVID-19 targets. 7 out of 20 compounds were predicted to overcome the activity of both targets. The top 7 hits are, flacourticin (3), sagerinic acid (16), hordatine A (23), hordatine B (24), N-feruloyl tyramine dimer (25), bisavenanthramides B-5 (29) and vulnibactins (40). According to our results, all these top hits was found to have a better binding scores than remdesivir, the native ligand in RNA polymerase target (PDB ID: 7bV2). Hordatines are phenolic compounds present in barley, were found to exhibit the highest binding affinity to both protease and polymerase through forming strong hydrogen bonds with the catalytic residues, as well as significant interactions with other receptor-binding residues. These results probably provided an excellent lead candidate for the development of therapeutic drugs against COVID-19. Eventually, animal experiment and accurate clinical trials are needed to confirm the preventive potentials of these compounds.},
}
@article {pmid33090358,
year = {2020},
author = {Manning, J and Billian, J and Matson, J and Allen, C and Soares, N},
title = {Perceptions of Families of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder during the COVID-19 Crisis.},
journal = {Journal of autism and developmental disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-020-04760-5},
pmid = {33090358},
issn = {1573-3432},
abstract = {Caring for an individual with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in ideal circumstances can be stressful, and the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic created a high degree of disruption to life and stress to families living with an individual with ASD. We conducted an online survey of families in Michigan that revealed higher levels of stress in caregivers of younger individuals with ASD and those with greater severity of ASD symptoms. Stress around therapeutic service disruption, finances, and illness predominated and greater stress was reported for caregivers of individuals receiving greater intensity of services pre-COVID-19. Respondents voiced concerns about receiving respite care during COVID-19, and those expressing interest in respite also reported greater symptom severity in the person with ASD.},
}
@article {pmid33090353,
year = {2020},
author = {Sorlini, C and Femia, M and Nattino, G and Bellone, P and Gesu, E and Francione, P and Paternò, M and Grillo, P and Ruffino, A and Bertolini, G and Cariati, M and Cortellaro, F and , },
title = {The role of lung ultrasound as a frontline diagnostic tool in the era of COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11739-020-02524-8},
pmid = {33090353},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {The diffusion of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) worldwide prompted the World Health Organization to declare the status of pandemic. The molecular diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is based on the detection of viral RNA on different biological specimens. Unfortunately, the test may require several hours to be performed. In the present study, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of lung point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in a cohort of symptomatic patients admitted to one emergency department (ED) in a high-prevalence setting. This retrospective study enrolled all patients who visited one ED with suspected respiratory infection in March 2020. All the patients were tested (usually twice if the first was negative) for SARS-CoV-2 on ED admission. The reference standard was considered positive if at least one specimen was positive. If all the specimens tested negative, the reference was considered negative. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value. Of the 444 symptomatic patients who were admitted to the ED in the study period, the result of the lung POCUS test was available for 384 (86.5%). The sensitivity of the test was 92.0% (95% CI 88.2-94.9%), and the specificity was 64.9% (95% CI 54.6-74.4%). We observed a prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection of 74.7%. In this setting, the positive and negative predicted values were 88.6% (95% CI 84.4-92.0) and 73.3% (95% CI 62.6-82.2%), respectively. Lung POCUS is a sensitive first-line screening tool for ED patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid33090328,
year = {2020},
author = {Sajal, MSR and Ehsan, MT and Vaidyanathan, R and Wang, S and Aziz, T and Mamun, KAA},
title = {Telemonitoring Parkinson's disease using machine learning by combining tremor and voice analysis.},
journal = {Brain informatics},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {12},
doi = {10.1186/s40708-020-00113-1},
pmid = {33090328},
issn = {2198-4018},
support = {Innovation Fund//ICT ministry Bangladesh/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: With the growing number of the aged population, the number of Parkinson's disease (PD) affected people is also mounting. Unfortunately, due to insufficient resources and awareness in underdeveloped countries, proper and timely PD detection is highly challenged. Besides, all PD patients' symptoms are neither the same nor they all become pronounced at the same stage of the illness. Therefore, this work aims to combine more than one symptom (rest tremor and voice degradation) by collecting data remotely using smartphones and detect PD with the help of a cloud-based machine learning system for telemonitoring the PD patients in the developing countries.<br><br>METHOD: This proposed system receives rest tremor and vowel phonation data acquired by smartphones with built-in accelerometer and voice recorder sensors. The data are primarily collected from diagnosed PD patients and healthy people for building and optimizing machine learning models that exhibit higher performance. After that, data from newly suspected PD patients are collected, and the trained algorithms are evaluated to detect PD. Based on the majority-vote from those algorithms, PD-detected patients are connected with a nearby neurologist for consultation. Upon receiving patients' feedback after being diagnosed by the neurologist, the system may update the model by retraining using the latest data. Also, the system requests the detected patients periodically to upload new data to track their disease progress.<br><br>RESULT: The highest accuracy in PD detection using offline data was [Formula: see text] from voice data and [Formula: see text] from tremor data when used separately. In both cases, k-nearest neighbors (kNN) gave the highest accuracy over support vector machine (SVM) and naive Bayes (NB). The application of maximum relevance minimum redundancy (MRMR) feature selection method showed that by selecting different feature sets based on the patient's gender, we could improve the detection accuracy. This study's novelty is the application of ensemble averaging on the combined decisions generated from the analysis of voice and tremor data. The average accuracy of PD detection becomes [Formula: see text] when ensemble averaging was performed on majority-vote from kNN, SVM, and NB.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The proposed system can detect PD using a cloud-based system for computation, data preserving, and regular monitoring of voice and tremor samples captured by smartphones. Thus, this system can be a solution for healthcare authorities to ensure the older population's accessibility to a better medical diagnosis system in the developing countries, especially in the pandemic situation like COVID-19, when in-person monitoring is minimal.},
}
@article {pmid33090305,
year = {2020},
author = {James, MK and Kishore, M and Lee, SW},
title = {Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients Treated in the Emergency Department of a New York City Hospital.},
journal = {Journal of community health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10900-020-00937-2},
pmid = {33090305},
issn = {1573-3610},
abstract = {Demographic and socioeconomic factors can contribute to community spread of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to describe the demographics and socioeconomic factors in relation to geolocation of COVID-19 patients who were discharged from the emergency department (ED) back into the community. This retrospective study was conducted over a 7-week period, at an urban, adult, level 1 trauma center in New York City. Demographics, socioeconomic factors, and geolocation of COVID-19 patients discharged from the ED were extracted from the electronic medical records. Patients were stratified by gender for data analysis. A total of 634 patients were included in the study, 376 (59.3%) were male and 205 (32.3%) were Hispanic White. The median age of patients was 50 years (IQR: 38, 60, Min:15, Max:96). The unemployment rate in our population was 41.2% and 75.5% reported contracting the virus via community spread. ED mortality rate was 11.8%; the majority of which were male (N = 50, 66.7%) and the median age was 70 years (IQR: 59, 82). There were 9.4% (95% CI 2.9-12.4) more Black males and 5.4% (95% CI 0.4-10.4) more males who had no insurance coverage compared to females. 26.8% (95% CI 14.5-39) more females worked in the healthcare field and 7.1% (95% CI 0.3-13.9) more were infected via primary contact compared to males. COVID-19 disproportionately affected minorities and males. Socioeconomic factors should be taken into consideration when preparing strategies for preventing the spread of the virus, especially for individuals who are expected to self-isolate.},
}
@article {pmid33090303,
year = {2020},
author = {Borroni, B and Gazzina, S and Dono, F and Mazzoleni, V and Liberini, P and Carrarini, C and Russo, M and Pontolillo, M and Vecchiet, J and Onofrj, M and Bonanni, L},
title = {Diaphragmatic myoclonus due to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04766-y},
pmid = {33090303},
issn = {1590-3478},
abstract = {A wide range of neurological signs and symptoms have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the present report, we described two Italian patients diagnosed with diaphragmatic myoclonus after COVID-19. In both cases, mild lymphocytosis at cerebrospinal fluid analysis and no structural brain changes were reported. The pathophysiological origin of the myoclonus in the two cases was different. In case 1, electroencephalogram did not reveal any cortical correlates and brain imaging of the spine was unremarkable, while in case 2, cortical origin of myoclonus was demonstrated. With the present two cases, we confirm and extend the neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid33090300,
year = {2020},
author = {Poulson, M and Neufeld, M and Geary, A and Kenzik, K and Sanchez, SE and Dechert, T and Kimball, S},
title = {Intersectional Disparities Among Hispanic Groups in COVID-19 Outcomes.},
journal = {Journal of immigrant and minority health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10903-020-01111-5},
pmid = {33090300},
issn = {1557-1920},
abstract = {Previous geographically limited studies have shown differential impact of COVID-19 on Hispanic individuals. Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We performed multivariate Poisson regression assessing risk of hospitalization and death in Hispanic White (HW), Hispanic Black (HB), and Hispanic Multiracial/Other (HM) groups compared to non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). The relative risk of hospitalization was 1.35, 1.58, and 1.50 (p < 0.001) for HW, HB, and HM individuals respectively when compared to NHW. Relative risk of death was 1.36, 1.72, 1.68 (p < 0.001) times higher in HW, HB, and HM compared to NHW. HW, HB, and HM individuals also had significantly increased risk of requiring mechanical ventilation and ICU admission when compared to NHW. Hispanic individuals are more likely to be hospitalized and die from COVID-19 infection than White, which underscores the need for more precise data and policies aimed at unique Hispanic groups to decrease disparities.},
}
@article {pmid33090272,
year = {2020},
author = {Smigelski, M and Movassaghi, M and Small, A},
title = {Urology Virtual Education Programs During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Current urology reports},
volume = {21},
number = {12},
pages = {50},
doi = {10.1007/s11934-020-01004-y},
pmid = {33090272},
issn = {1534-6285},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This article aims to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on American urology trainees, with a focus on virtual learning initiatives.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: Urological education was forced to rapidly adapt to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Significant challenges included quarantines, redeployment of residents and faculty, and suspension of regularly scheduled conferences. In response, urologists across the country adopted web-based platforms to develop virtual lecture series to fill the gap. Popular programs for residents included UCSF's COViD (Collaborative Online Video Didactics) series and the New York Section of the American Urological Association's EMPIRE (Educational Multi-institutional Program for Instructing REsidents) series. Virtual education programs have enabled urology trainees to pursue their education during the pandemic. While the long-term impact of the pandemic on urology training remains unknown, some good may be found in the innovative solutions that have arisen in urology education.},
}
@article {pmid33090260,
year = {2020},
author = {Dumollard, C and Wiart, JF and Hakim, F and Demarly, C and Morbidelli, P and Allorge, D and Gaulier, JM},
title = {Putatively lethal ingestion of isopropyl alcohol-related case: interpretation of post mortem isopropyl alcohol and acetone concentrations remains challenging.},
journal = {International journal of legal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00414-020-02444-4},
pmid = {33090260},
issn = {1437-1596},
abstract = {Isopropyl alcohol, or propan-2-ol (IPA), is found in numerous chemicals including alcohol-based hand rubs whose use has been recently widely extended to the general population since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. This widespread of IPA use could potentially, but not necessarily, be responsible for an increase in IPA poisoning cases (e.g., in alcoholics and/or for suicide attempt, even more in a lockdown situation). Forensic identification of IPA-related fatalities remains challenging as IPA post mortem detection can also result from antemortem or post mortem production, or post mortem contamination. In order to illustrate this issue, we report the case of a 33-year-old man found dead with a bottle of pure IPA liquid close to him. Toxicological positive results only consisted in IPA (464, 260, 465 and 991 mg/L) and acetone (1560, 2340, 3040 and 1360 mg/L) in blood, vitreous humour, urine and bile, respectively (determinations using headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detection). These IPA absolute concentrations and IPA-to-acetone ratios appear inferior to those usually reported in the literature (higher than 1000 mg/L and 1.1, respectively) in IPA poisoning cases. In conclusion, this death can be cautiously regarded as an IPA ingestion-related fatality in the hypothesis of a survival time which have promoted IPA metabolism to acetone: this hypothesis is supported by the putative limited IPA-ingested dose. This report emphasizes the fact that post mortem IPA and acetone concentration interpretation involves to take account of (i) results in multiple biological specimens, (ii) complete case history, and (iii) a search of possible IPA presence at the scene of death.},
}
@article {pmid33090258,
year = {2020},
author = {Staehler, MD and Battle, DJ and Bergerot, CD and Pal, SK and Penson, DF},
title = {COVID-19 and financial toxicity in patients with renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {World journal of urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00345-020-03476-6},
pmid = {33090258},
issn = {1433-8726},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To ascertain renal cell carcinoma (RCC) financial toxicity on COVID-19 during the COVID-19 crisis as patients are struggling with therapeutic and financial implications.<br><br>METHODS: An online survey was conducted from March 22 to March 25, 2020. It included baseline demographic, clinicopathologic, treatment-related information, anxiety levels related to COVID-19, questions related to financial concerns about COVID-19 as well as the validated 11-item COST measure.<br><br>RESULTS: Five-hundred-and-thirty-nine patients (39%:58% male:female) from 14 countries responded. 23% of the patients did not feel in control of their financial situation but 8% reported being very satisfied with their finances. The median COST score was 21.5 (range 1-44). Metastatic patients who have not started systemic therapy had a COST score (19.8 range 2-41) versus patients on oral systemic therapy had a COST score (23.9 range 4-44). Patients in follow-up after surgery had a median COST score at 20.8 (range 1-40). A low COST scores correlated (p < 0.001) were female gender (r = 0.108), younger age (r = 0.210), urban living situation (r = 0.68), a lower educational level (r = 0.155), lower income (r = 0.165), higher anxiety about acquiring COVID-19 (r = 0.198), having metastatic disease (r = 0.073) and a higher distress score about cancer progression (r = 0.224).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our data highlight severe financial impact of COVID-19. Acknowledging financial hardship and thorough counseling of cancer patients should be part of the conversation during the pandemic. Treatment and surveillance of RCC patients might have to be adjusted to contemplate financial and medical needs.},
}
@article {pmid33090234,
year = {2020},
author = {Vagge, A and Giannaccare, G and Scarinci, F and Cacciamani, A and Pellegrini, M and Bernabei, F and Scorcia, V and Traverso, CE and Bruzzichesi, D},
title = {Acute Acquired Concomitant Esotropia From Excessive Application of Near Vision During the COVID-19 Lockdown.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus},
volume = {57},
number = {},
pages = {e88-e91},
doi = {10.3928/01913913-20200828-01},
pmid = {33090234},
issn = {1938-2405},
abstract = {The public health measures imposed in many countries to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak could have negative effects on children's physical and mental health. The authors describe four cases of acquired concomitant acute esotropia likely caused from excessive application of near vision during the COVID-19 lockdown. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2020;57:e88-e91.].},
}
@article {pmid33090218,
year = {2020},
author = {Ezeah, G and Ogechi, EO and Ohia, NC and Celestine, GV},
title = {Measuring the effect of interpersonal communication on awareness and knowledge of COVID-19 among rural communities in Eastern Nigeria.},
journal = {Health education research},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {481-489},
doi = {10.1093/her/cyaa033},
pmid = {33090218},
issn = {1465-3648},
abstract = {Awareness and knowledge have been identified as essential requirements to successfully combat the global threat which COVID-19 currently poses. Rural communities are particularly at risk because of their low socio-economic status and high illiteracy level. There is currently uncertainty regarding how to effectively raise awareness about the pandemic and educate rural communities about it. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of interpersonal communication in awareness creation and knowledge about COVID-19 among rural communities in a developing country. We tested three hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The sample size was made up 470 participants. The questionnaire served as the instrument for data collection. In the analysis of data, both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. The results demonstrate that interpersonal communication is effective in creating awareness about COVID-19 among rural communities. It was also found that interpersonal communication was effective in improving knowledge about the pandemic among rural communications. We explored the implications of these findings on healthcare delivery.},
}
@article {pmid33090216,
year = {2020},
author = {Apuke, OD and Omar, B},
title = {How do Nigerian newspapers report COVID-19 pandemic? The implication for awareness and prevention.},
journal = {Health education research},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {471-480},
doi = {10.1093/her/cyaa031},
pmid = {33090216},
issn = {1465-3648},
abstract = {This study examined media coverage of COVID-19 in Nigeria with attention to the frequency and depth of coverage, story format, news sources, media tone and themes. Four widely read newspapers were content analysed between February 2020 and April 2020. Focus was on Daily Sun, Vanguard, Daily Trust and Leadership. Results indicated that the Nigerian media performed well in terms of covering the pandemic, which in turn created awareness. However, the coverage was not in-depth as most of the reported stories were short and were predominantly straight news. It was also observed that the media cited more of the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) and government officials. Further findings disclosed that most of the stories were alarming and induced panic. Most common topics were coverage of cases in Nigeria, death rates and concerns about Nigeria's preparedness. Public sensitization and education were sparingly covered. Ethics healthcare workers could adhere to received minimal attention. The media should focus more on sensitizing and educating the public on the necessary steps to take in curbing the virus. They should refrain from over usage of alarming and panic tone in presenting the stories of COVID-19 pandemic in Nigeria.},
}
@article {pmid33090215,
year = {2020},
author = {Apuke, OD and Omar, B},
title = {Modelling the antecedent factors that affect online fake news sharing on COVID-19: the moderating role of fake news knowledge.},
journal = {Health education research},
volume = {35},
number = {5},
pages = {490-503},
doi = {10.1093/her/cyaa030},
pmid = {33090215},
issn = {1465-3648},
abstract = {We proposed a conceptual model combining three theories: uses and gratification theory, social networking sites (SNS) dependency theory and social impact theory to understand the factors that predict fake news sharing related to COVID-19. We also tested the moderating role of fake news knowledge in reducing the tendency to share fake news. Data were drawn from social media users (n = 650) in Nigeria, and partial least squares was used to analyse the data. Our results suggest that tie strength was the strongest predictor of fake news sharing related to COVID-19 pandemic. We also found perceived herd, SNS dependency, information-seeking and parasocial interaction to be significant predictors of fake news sharing. The effect of status-seeking on fake news sharing, however, was not significant. Our results also established that fake news knowledge significantly moderated the effect of perceived herd, SNS dependency, information-seeking, parasocial interaction on fake news sharing related to COVID-19. However, tie strength and status-seeking effects were not moderated.},
}
@article {pmid33090211,
year = {2020},
author = {Kitano, T and Piché-Renaud, PP and Groves, HE and Streitenberger, L and Freeman, R and Science, M},
title = {Visitor Restriction Policy on Pediatric Wards during Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Survey Study across North America.},
journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa126},
pmid = {33090211},
issn = {2048-7207},
abstract = {Visitor restriction policies in pediatric wards during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak are variable. Among 36 hospitals that responded to our survey, 97% allowed at least one visitor, with 67% restricting to one caregiver. 69% required the visitor to wear personal protective equipment and only 19% allowed non-household visitors.},
}
@article {pmid33090210,
year = {2020},
author = {Aslam, A and Singh, J and Robilotti, E and Chow, K and Bist, T and Reidy-Lagunes, D and Shah, M and Korenstein, D and Babady, NE and Kamboj, M},
title = {SARS CoV-2 Surveillance and Exposure in the Perioperative Setting with Universal testing and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Policies.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1607},
pmid = {33090210},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: New York City (NYC) experienced a surge of COVID-19 cases in March and April 2020. Since then, universal PCR based surveillance testing and PPE measures are in wide use in procedural settings. There is limited published experience on the utility and sustainability of PCR based surveillance testing in areas with receding and consistently low community COVID-19 rates.<br><br>METHODS: The study was conducted at a tertiary care cancer center in NYC from March 22, 2020, until August 22, 2020. Asymptomatic patients underwent SARS CoV-2 testing before surgeries, interventional radiology procedures, and endoscopy. Contact tracing in procedural areas was done if a patient with an initial negative screen re-tested positive within 48 hours of the procedure.<br><br>RESULTS: From March 22 until August 22, 2020, 11,540 unique patients underwent 14,233 tests before surgeries or procedures at MSKCC. Overall, 65 patients were positive, with a peak rate of 4.3% that fell below 0.3 % after April 2020. For the 65 positive cases, three were pre-symptomatic, and 38 were asymptomatic. Among asymptomatic test-positive patients, 76 % had PCR cycle threshold (Ct) > 30 at first detection. Five patients tested newly positive in the immediate post-operative period, exposing 82 employees with one case of probable transmission (1.2%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection identified on pre-procedural surveillance was low in our study, which was conducted in an area with limited community spread at the later stage of the study Universal PPE is protective in procedural settings. Optimal and flexible diagnostic strategies are needed to accomplish and sustain the goals of comprehensive pre-procedure surveillance testing.},
}
@article {pmid33090197,
year = {2020},
author = {Sachithanandham, J and Thio, CL and Balagopal, A},
title = {The Natural History of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection: A Composite But Incomplete Picture.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1413},
pmid = {33090197},
issn = {1537-6591},
}
@article {pmid33090194,
year = {2020},
author = {Bell, BP and Romero, JR and Lee, GM},
title = {Scientific and Ethical Principles Underlying Recommendations From the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices for COVID-19 Vaccination Implementation.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.20847},
pmid = {33090194},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid33090180,
year = {2020},
author = {Frosch, ZAK and Shulman, LN and Bekelman, JE},
title = {Independent Oncology Practices in the COVID-19 Era-Does US Cancer Care Need a Bailout?.},
journal = {JAMA oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.4753},
pmid = {33090180},
issn = {2374-2445},
}
@article {pmid33090088,
year = {2020},
author = {Rosasco, J and Hanson, Z and Kramer, J and Steele, L and Beachy, B and Gothard, MD and Ahmed, R and McCarroll, ML},
title = {A Randomized Study Using Telepresence Robots for Behavioral Health in Interprofessional Practice and Education.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0245},
pmid = {33090088},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Background: The events of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic forced the world to adopt telemedicine frameworks to comply with isolation and stay-at-home regulations. Telemedicine, in various forms, has been used by patients and medical professionals for quite some time, especially telepsychiatry. To examine the efficacy and role of telesimulation as a method to educate health sciences students via telepresence robots. The study recruited students from the above health science disciplines. All participants were trained to administer a contextual interview to a standardized patient (SP) for mental health concerns. Methods: The completion of the contextual interview observation form adult (CIOF-A), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index, self-efficacy in patient centeredness questionnaire (SEPCQ), and communication skills attitude scale with or without a telepresence robot. All participants completed baseline metrics and were trained to conduct a contextual interview to an SP. Researchers block-randomized the participants to either the telepresence robot group (TP) or in-person (IP) group. Results: The study recruited n = 43 participants to the IP group (n = 21) or TP group (n = 22). Mean participant demographics of age were 25.3 (±1.9) years in the IP group and 24.3 (±2.1) years for the TP group. Mean and standard deviation scores with effect sizes in CIOF-A scores IP: 0.05 (±1.91) and TP: -0.45 (±1.71), Cohen's d = 0.28; SEPCQ-Patient Domain scores IP: 0.42 (±4.69) and TP: 0.50 (±7.18), Cohen's d = 0.01; change in SEPCQ-Sharing Domain scores IP: 0.53 (±5.10) and TP: 0.91 (±9.98), Cohen's d = 0.05. These effect sizes will inform future studies and appropriate sample sizes.Conclusion: These data indicate that health sciences students utilizing a telepresence robot in an SP scenario to perform a behavioral health screening felt as comfortable and competent as those health sciences students performing the same behavioral health screening in person. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03661372.},
}
@article {pmid33090062,
year = {2020},
author = {Nash, DB},
title = {New Normal for Medical Practice Post COVID-19?.},
journal = {Population health management},
volume = {23},
number = {S1},
pages = {S1},
doi = {10.1089/pop.2020.29003.nas},
pmid = {33090062},
issn = {1942-7905},
}
@article {pmid33090052,
year = {2020},
author = {Chatters, LM and Taylor, HO and Taylor, RJ},
title = {Older Black Americans During COVID-19: Race and Age Double Jeopardy.},
journal = {Health education &amp; behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1090198120965513},
doi = {10.1177/1090198120965513},
pmid = {33090052},
issn = {1552-6127},
abstract = {The concept of &quot;double jeopardy&quot;-being both older and Black-describes how racism and ageism together shape higher risks for coronavirus exposure, COVID-19 disease, and poor health outcomes for older Black adults. Black people and older adults are the two groups most affected by COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Double jeopardy, as a race- and age-informed analysis, demonstrates how Black race and older age are associated with practices and policies that shape key life circumstances (e.g., racial residential segregation, family and household composition) and resources in ways that embody elevated risk for COVID-19. The concept of double jeopardy underscores long-standing race- and age-based inequities and social vulnerabilities that produce devastating COVID-19 related deaths and injuries for older Black adults. Developing policies and actions that address race- and age-based inequities and social vulnerabilities can lower risks and enhance protective factors to ensure the health of older Black Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33090050,
year = {2020},
author = {Jamal, MH and Doi, SA and AlYouha, S and Almazeedi, S and Al-Haddad, M and Al-Muhaini, A and Al-Ghimlas, F and Chowdhury, ME and Al-Sabah, DS},
title = {A Biomarker Based Severity Progression Indicator for COVID-19: The Kuwait Prognosis Indicator Score.},
journal = {Biomarkers : biochemical indicators of exposure, response, and susceptibility to chemicals},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-21},
doi = {10.1080/1354750X.2020.1841296},
pmid = {33090050},
issn = {1366-5804},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a worldwide pandemic that is mild in most patients but can result in a pneumonia like illness with progression to acute respiratory distress syndrome and death. Predicting the disease severity at time of diagnosis can be helpful in prioritizing hospital admission and resources.<br><br>METHODS: We prospectively recruited 1096 consecutive patients of whom 643 met the inclusion criterion with COVID-19 from Jaber Hospital, a COVID-19 facility in Kuwait, between 24 February and 20 April 2020. The primary endpoint of interest was disease severity defined algorithmically. Predefined risk variables were collected at the time of PCR based diagnosis of the infection. Prognostic model development used 5-fold cross-validated regularized logit regression. The model was externally validated against data from Wuhan, China.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 643 patients with clinical course data of whom 94 developed severe COVID-19. In the final model, age, CRP, procalcitonin, lymphocyte percentage, monocyte percentages and serum albumin were independent predictors of a more severe illness course. The final prognostic model demonstrated good discrimination, and both discrimination and calibration were confirmed with an external dataset.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We developed and validated a simple score calculated at time of diagnosis that can predict patients with severe COVID-19 disease reliably and that has been validated externally. The KPI score calculator is now available online at covidkscore.com.},
}
@article {pmid33090034,
year = {2020},
author = {Hassan, W and Ramadan, HK},
title = {COVID-19 as a novel etiology of portal vein thrombosis: change in the current management concepts.},
journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1837943},
pmid = {33090034},
issn = {2374-4243},
}
@article {pmid33090015,
year = {2020},
author = {Kasle, DA and Torabi, SJ and Izreig, S and Rahmati, RW and Manes, RP},
title = {COVID-19's Impact on the 2020-2021 Resident Match: A Survey of Otolaryngology Program Directors.},
journal = {The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {3489420967045},
doi = {10.1177/0003489420967045},
pmid = {33090015},
issn = {1943-572X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) will have on the 2020-2021 otolaryngology (OTO-HNS) resident application cycle.<br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional survey targeting OTO-HNS program directors (PD) was created and disseminated via email to PDs on May 28th 2020. Descriptive analyses of the 19-question survey was performed, and free text responses for certain suitable questions were thematically categorized into groups determined to be relevant during analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-nine of 123 solicited PDs (23.6%) completed the survey. Nineteen (65.5%) respondents indicated they would not host away rotations (AR) in 2020, and 9 (31.0%) reported that they would consider away rotators without home programs. Regarding the historical importance of AR, 21 (72.4%) PDs stated they were either &quot;extremely&quot; or &quot;very&quot; important in evaluating candidates. Sixteen (55.2%) PDs stated that virtual interviews would impact their ability to properly gauge candidates and 12 (41.4%) were unsure. Eight PDs (27.6%) stated their evaluation of candidates will likely change, with a shift toward an increased reliance on letters of recommendation, research involvement, and clerkship grades. The large majority of PDs-25 (86.2%)-were not worried that the COVID-19 pandemic would affect the abilities of new interns beginning in 2021.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Virtual interviews and engagement activities will mostly supplant sub-Is and AR for the 2020-2021 OTO-HNS application cycle. Surveyed PDs largely believe these will be insufficient in providing a comprehensive assessment of candidates, and will similarly limit applicants' ability to gauge residency programs. Criteria utilized to evaluate students is expected to change.},
}
@article {pmid33089972,
year = {2020},
author = {Lassen, MCH and Skaarup, KG and Lind, JN and Alhakak, AS and Sengeløv, M and Nielsen, AB and Espersen, C and Ravnkilde, K and Hauser, R and Schöps, LB and Holt, E and Johansen, ND and Modin, D and Djernaes, K and Graff, C and Bundgaard, H and Hassager, C and Jabbari, R and Carlsen, J and Lebech, AM and Kirk, O and Bodtger, U and Lindholm, MG and Joseph, G and Wiese, L and Schiødt, FV and Kristiansen, OP and Walsted, ES and Nielsen, OW and Madsen, BL and Tønder, N and Benfield, T and Jeschke, KN and Ulrik, CS and Knop, F and Lamberts, M and Sivapalan, P and Gislason, G and Marott, JL and Møgelvang, R and Jensen, G and Schnohr, P and Søgaard, P and Solomon, SD and Iversen, K and Jensen, JUS and Schou, M and Biering-Sørensen, T},
title = {Echocardiographic abnormalities and predictors of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: the ECHOVID-19 study.},
journal = {ESC heart failure},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ehf2.13044},
pmid = {33089972},
issn = {2055-5822},
support = {NFF20SA0062835//Novo Nordisk Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {AIMS: The present study had two aims: (i) compare echocardiographic parameters in COVID-19 patients with matched controls and (2) assess the prognostic value of measures of left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function in relation to COVID-19 related death.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: In this prospective multicentre cohort study, 214 consecutive hospitalized COVID-19 patients underwent an echocardiographic examination (by pre-determined research protocol). All participants were successfully matched 1:1 with controls from the general population on age, sex, and hypertension. Mean age of the study sample was 69 years, and 55% were male participants. LV and RV systolic function was significantly reduced in COVID-19 cases as assessed by global longitudinal strain (GLS) (16.4% ± 4.3 vs. 18.5% ± 3.0, P < 0.001), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) (2.0 ± 0.4 vs. 2.6 ± 0.5, P < 0.001), and RV strain (19.8 ± 5.9 vs. 24.2 ± 6.5, P = 0.004). All parameters remained significantly reduced after adjusting for important cardiac risk factors. During follow-up (median: 40 days), 25 COVID-19 cases died. In multivariable Cox regression reduced TAPSE [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.18, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.07-1.31], P = 0.002, per 1 mm decrease], RV strain (HR = 1.64, 95%CI[1.02;2.66], P = 0.043, per 1% decrease) and GLS (HR = 1.20, 95%CI[1.07-1.35], P = 0.002, per 1% decrease) were significantly associated with COVID-19-related death. TAPSE and GLS remained significantly associated with the outcome after restricting the analysis to patients without prevalent heart disease.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: RV and LV function are significantly impaired in hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared with matched controls. Furthermore, reduced TAPSE and GLS are independently associated with COVID-19-related death.},
}
@article {pmid33089902,
year = {2020},
author = {Pourani, MR and Abdollahimajd, F},
title = {CD147 as a novel receptor in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2: Is there any correlation with risk of COVID-19 in dermatological diseases?.},
journal = {Dermatologic therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e14443},
doi = {10.1111/dth.14443},
pmid = {33089902},
issn = {1529-8019},
}
@article {pmid33089882,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Sustaining routine childhood immunisations during COVID-19 in Africa.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jpc.15228},
pmid = {33089882},
issn = {1440-1754},
}
@article {pmid33089863,
year = {2020},
author = {Burke, KE and Kochar, B and Allegretti, JR and Winter, RW and Lochhead, P and Khalili, H and Colizzo, FP and Hamilton, MJ and Chan, WW and Ananthakrishnan, AN},
title = {Immunosuppressive Therapy and Risk of COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.},
journal = {Inflammatory bowel diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ibd/izaa278},
pmid = {33089863},
issn = {1536-4844},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The effect of immunosuppressive treatment for immune-mediated diseases on risk of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been established. We aimed to define the effect of targeted biologic and immunomodulator therapy on risk of COVID-19 in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).<br><br>METHODS: We identified patients 18 years and older who received care for IBD at Partners Healthcare between January 2019 and April 2020. The primary outcome was development of COVID-19 defined as a positive polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. Multivariable regression models were used to examine the effect of immunosuppression on risk of COVID-19 and its outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: In a cohort of 5302 IBD patients, 39 (0.7%) developed COVID-19. There was no difference in age, sex, or race between IBD patients with and without COVID-19. The rate of COVID-19 was similar between patients treated with immunosuppression (0.8%) compared with those who were not (0.64%; P = 0.55). After adjusting for age, sex, race, and comorbidities, use of immunosuppressive therapy was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.82-3.63). The presence of obesity was associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 (odds ratio, 8.29; 95% confidence interval, 3.72-18.47). There were 7 hospitalizations, 3 intensive care unit stays, and 1 death. Older age and obesity but not immunosuppressive treatment were associated with severe COVID-19 infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of systemic immunosuppression was not associated with an increased risk of COVID-19 in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with IBD.},
}
@article {pmid33089862,
year = {2020},
author = {Fond, G and Pauly, V and Leone, M and Llorca, PM and Orleans, V and Loundou, A and Lancon, C and Auquier, P and Baumstarck, K and Boyer, L},
title = {Disparities in Intensive Care Unit Admission and Mortality Among Patients With Schizophrenia and COVID-19: A National Cohort Study.},
journal = {Schizophrenia bulletin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/schbul/sbaa158},
pmid = {33089862},
issn = {1745-1701},
abstract = {Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) represent a vulnerable population who have been understudied in COVID-19 research. We aimed to establish whether health outcomes and care differed between patients with SCZ and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. We conducted a population-based cohort study of all patients with identified COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms who were hospitalized in France between February and June 2020. Cases were patients who had a diagnosis of SCZ. Controls were patients who did not have a diagnosis of severe mental illness. The outcomes were in-hospital mortality and intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A total of 50 750 patients were included, of whom 823 were SCZ patients (1.6%). The SCZ patients had an increased in-hospital mortality (25.6% vs 21.7%; adjusted OR 1.30 [95% CI, 1.08-1.56], P = .0093) and a decreased ICU admission rate (23.7% vs 28.4%; adjusted OR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.91], P = .0062) compared with controls. Significant interactions between SCZ and age for mortality and ICU admission were observed (P = .0006 and P < .0001). SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years had a significantly higher risk of death than controls of the same age (+7.89%). SCZ patients younger than 55 years had more ICU admissions (+13.93%) and SCZ patients between 65 and 80 years and older than 80 years had less ICU admissions than controls of the same age (-15.44% and -5.93%, respectively). Our findings report the existence of disparities in health and health care between SCZ patients and patients without a diagnosis of severe mental illness. These disparities differed according to the age and clinical profile of SCZ patients, suggesting the importance of personalized COVID-19 clinical management and health care strategies before, during, and after hospitalization for reducing health disparities in this vulnerable population.},
}
@article {pmid33089824,
year = {2020},
author = {Steppert, C and Steppert, I and Bollinger, T and Sterlacci, W},
title = {Rapid non-invasive detection of Influenza-A-infection by multicapillary column coupled ion mobility spectrometry.},
journal = {Journal of breath research},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {011001},
doi = {10.1088/1752-7163/abb762},
pmid = {33089824},
issn = {1752-7163},
abstract = {Infectious pathogens are a global issue. Global air travel offers an easy and fast opportunity not only for people but also for infectious diseases to spread around the world within a few days. Also, large public events facilitate increasing infection numbers. Therefore, rapid on-site screening for infected people is urgently needed. Due to the small size and easy handling, ion mobility spectrometry coupled with a multicapillary column (MCC-IMS) is a very promising, sensitive method for the on-site identification of infectious pathogens based on scents, representing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The purpose of this study was to prospectively assess whether identification of Influenza-A-infection based on VOCs by MCC-IMS is possible in breath. Nasal breath was investigated in 24 consecutive persons with and without Influenza-A-infection by MCC-IMS. In 14 Influenza-A-infected patients, infection was proven by PCR of nasopharyngeal swabs. Four healthy staff members and six patients with negative PCR result served as controls. For picking up relevant VOCs in MCC-IMS spectra, software based on cluster analysis followed by multivariate statistical analysis was applied. With only four VOCs canonical discriminant analysis was able to distinguish Influenza-A-infected patients from those not infected with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity. This present proof-of-concept-study yields encouraging results showing a rapid diagnosis of viral infections in nasal breath within 5 min by MCC-IMS. The next step is to validate the results with a greater number of patients with Influenza-A-infection as well as other viral diseases, especially COVID-19. Registration number at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04282135.},
}
@article {pmid33089772,
year = {2020},
author = {Chan, PKS and Lui, G and Hachim, A and Ko, RLW and Boon, SS and Li, T and Kavian, N and Luk, F and Chen, Z and Yau, EM and Chan, KH and Tsang, CH and Cheng, SMS and Chu, DKW and Perera, RAPM and Ho, WCS and Yeung, ACM and Chow, C and Poon, LLM and Valkenburg, SA and Hui, DSC and Peiris, M},
title = {Serologic Responses in Healthy Adult with SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection, Hong Kong, August 2020.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid2612.203833},
pmid = {33089772},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {In March 2020, mild signs and symptoms of coronavirus disease developed in a healthy 33-year-old man in Hong Kong. His first infection did not produce virus neutralizing antibodies. In August, he had asymptomatic reinfection, suggesting that persons without a robust neutralizing antibody response might be at risk for reinfection.},
}
@article {pmid33089771,
year = {2020},
author = {Freuling, CM and Breithaupt, A and Müller, T and Sehl, J and Balkema-Buschmann, A and Rissmann, M and Klein, A and Wylezich, C and Höper, D and Wernike, K and Aebischer, A and Hoffmann, D and Friedrichs, V and Dorhoi, A and Groschup, MH and Beer, M and Mettenleiter, TC},
title = {Susceptibility of Raccoon Dogs for Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid2612.203733},
pmid = {33089771},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {Raccoon dogs might have been intermediate hosts for severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus in 2002-2004. We demonstrated susceptibility of raccoon dogs to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and transmission to in-contact animals. Infected animals had no signs of illness. Virus replication and tissue lesions occurred in the nasal conchae.},
}
@article {pmid33089736,
year = {2020},
author = {Karunakaran, P and Nampoothiri, RV and Sahu, KK},
title = {Managing blood disorders during the Covid-19 pandemic: current pharmacological insights.},
journal = {Expert review of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17512433.2020.1841633},
pmid = {33089736},
issn = {1751-2441},
}
@article {pmid33089730,
year = {2020},
author = {Swargiary, A and Mahmud, S and Saleh, MA},
title = {Screening of phytochemicals as potent inhibitor of 3-chymotrypsin and papain-like proteases of SARS-CoV2: an in silico approach to combat COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1835729},
pmid = {33089730},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {COVID-19 and its causative organism SARS-CoV2 that emerged from Wuhan city, China have paralyzed the world. With no clinically approved drugs, the global health system is struggling to find an effective treatment measure. At this crucial juncture, screening of plant-derived compounds may be an effective strategy to combat COVID-19. The present study investigated the binding affinity of phytocompounds with 3-Chymotrypsin-like (3CLpro) and Papain-like proteases (PLpro) of SARS-CoV2 using in-silico techniques. A total of 32 anti-protease phytocompounds were investigated for the binding affinity to the proteins. Docking was performed in Autodock Vina. Pharmacophore descriptors of best ligands were studied using LigandScout. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of apo-protein and ligand-bound complexes was carried out in YASARA software. The druglikeness properties of phytocompounds were studied using ADMETlab. Out of 32 phytochemicals, amentoflavone and gallocatechin gallate showed the best binding affinity to 3CLpro (-9.4 kcal/mol) and PLpro (-8.8 kcal/mol). Phytochemicals such as savinin, theaflavin-3,3-digallate, and kazinol-A also showed strong affinity. MD simulation revealed ligand-induced conformational changes in the protein with decreased surface area and higher stability. The RMSD/F of proteins and ligands showed stability of the protein suggesting the effective binding of the ligand in both the proteins. Both amentoflavone and gallocatechin gallate possess promising druglikeness property. The present study thus suggests that Amentoflavone and Gallocatechin gallate may be potential inhibitors of 3CLpro and PLpro proteins and effective drug candidates for SARS-CoV2. However, the findings of in silico study need to be supported by in vivo studies to establish the exact mode of action. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid33089729,
year = {2020},
author = {Al Ghafri, T and Al Ajmi, F and Anwar, H and Al Balushi, L and Al Balushi, Z and Al Fahdi, F and Al Lawati, A and Al Hashmi, S and Al Ghamari, A and Al Harthi, M and Kurup, P and Al Lamki, M and Al Manji, A and Al Sharji, A and Al Harthi, S and Gibson, E},
title = {The Experiences and Perceptions of Health-Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Muscat, Oman: A Qualitative Study.},
journal = {Journal of primary care &amp; community health},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {2150132720967514},
doi = {10.1177/2150132720967514},
pmid = {33089729},
issn = {2150-1327},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Predominantly, studies on COVID-19 report quantitative data that often miss the social implications and other determinants of health. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences and perceptions of health care workers (HCWs) in primary health care in the management of COVID-19 with respect to medical response experiences, socio-cultural and religious reforms, psychological impressions, and lessons learned.<br><br>METHODS: This was a qualitative study using an empirical phenomenological approach. Six focus group discussions were conducted across various stakeholders working frontline in the management of COVID-19 (managerial, public health/field/community and primary care health centers). They participated in semi-structured, in-depth group discussions from 11th to 20th May 2020. All discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty participants were involved in this study. Three themes emerged related to the medical response experiences, including the rapid re-structuring of the PHC services, use of technology and challenges of working on COVID-19. Perceptions on the socio-cultural and religious reforms included changes in social and religious norms, and anticipated gaps in accessing health care among the vulnerable groups (elderly, expatriates, and individuals with low economic status). Perceptions on psychological disturbances were themed as consequences of social distancing, management of dead bodies, exhaustion among the health care workers, and risk of exposure. Finally, lessons learned were centered around building on the existing epidemiological and public health capacities, improving access to health care and overcoming resistance to change. Most participants labelled their experience in COVID-19 as an &quot;experience of wisdom&quot; in which learning was a continuous process.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This qualitative study amongst primary HCWs revealed certain aspects of response to COVID-19 in Muscat, Oman. Results has unfolded various aspects of COVID-19. The situation was perceived by primary HCWs as a new experience that challenged the primary health care; enforced the utilization of public health/epidemiological skills, and linked to unfavorable socio-religious and psychological events.},
}
@article {pmid33089728,
year = {2020},
author = {Gyebi, GA and Adegunloye, AP and Ibrahim, IM and Ogunyemi, OM and Afolabi, SO and Ogunro, OB},
title = {Prevention of SARS-CoV-2 cell entry: insight from in silico interaction of drug-like alkaloids with spike glycoprotein, human ACE2, and TMPRSS2.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1835726},
pmid = {33089728},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped positive sense RNA virus. The SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and human transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) are essential for the host cell-mediated viral entry. Targeting these proteins represent viable options to stop the first stage of infection and transmission. Hence, 97 alkaloids from African medicinal plants with reported antiviral activity were evaluated for this purpose via in silico studies. These alkaloids were docked for their interactions with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, ACE2, and TMPRSS2. Top 20 alkaloids with highest binding affinities were further screened for their interactions with spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and with ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain complex (ACE2-RBD). The energy profiling, molecular dynamics simulation (MDS), binding free energy base on Molecular Mechanics/Generalized Born Surface Area (MMGBSA), clustering of MDS trajectories, and virtual physicochemical and pharmacokinetic screening of the best docked alkaloids were performed. Results revealed that more than 15 alkaloids interacted better than the reference compounds. 10-Hydroxyusambarensine and Cryptospirolepine were docked in a similar binding pattern to the S1-specificy pocket of TMPRSS2 as camostat (reference inhibitor). The strong binding affinities, stability of the alkaloid-protein complexes and amino acid interactions displayed by cryptospirolepine, 10-hydroxyusambarensine, and cryptoquindoline with important binding hotspots of the proteins suggest these alkaloids have the potential of altering the capacity of SARS-CoV-2 membrane mediated host cell entry. Further in vitro and in vivo evaluation of these &quot;drug-like&quot; alkaloids as potential inhibitors of coronavirus cell entry is proposed. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid33089725,
year = {2020},
author = {Jacobson, NA and Nagaraju, D and Miller, JM and Bernard, ME},
title = {COVID Care Clinic: A Unique Way for Family Medicine to Care for the Community During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of primary care &amp; community health},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {2150132720957442},
doi = {10.1177/2150132720957442},
pmid = {33089725},
issn = {2150-1327},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has presented new challenges in how Primary Care clinicians care for community patients. Our organization quickly allocated 1 of our community clinic sites into a dedicated COVID Clinic caring for the COVID positive or any patient with COVID like symptoms to minimize contact with the well patients. A prerequisite for all patients to be seen in the COVID Care Clinic was a virtual visit staffed with Advanced Practice Providers that would further determine if the patient needed to seek emergency medical care or be seen in the COVID Clinic. From March 23, 2020 through May 15, 2020, 852 patients with COVID symptoms were seen in this clinic rather than the emergency department. This article describes a collaborative effort to care for a community during the COVID-19 pandemic. This unique setting allowed us to focus an appropriate level of care to a high risk population in a safe and effective manner in the ongoing effort to flatten the epidemiological curve.},
}
@article {pmid33089717,
year = {2020},
author = {Carrouel, F and Gonçalves, LS and Conte, MP and Campus, G and Fisher, J and Fraticelli, L and Gadea-Deschamps, E and Ottolenghi, L and Bourgeois, D},
title = {Antiviral Activity of Reagents in Mouth Rinses against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {22034520967933},
doi = {10.1177/0022034520967933},
pmid = {33089717},
issn = {1544-0591},
abstract = {The oral cavity, an essential part of the upper aerodigestive tract, is believed to play an important role in the pathogenicity and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The identification of targeted antiviral mouth rinses to reduce salivary viral load would contribute to reducing the COVID-19 pandemic. While awaiting the results of significant clinical studies, which to date do not exist, the commercial availability of mouth rinses leads us to search among them for reagents that would have specific antiviral properties with respect to SARS-CoV-2. The challenges facing this target were examined for 7 reagents found in commercially available mouth rinses and listed on the ClinicalTrials.gov website: povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, cyclodextrin, Citrox, cetylpyridinium chloride, and essential oils. Because SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped virus, many reagents target the outer lipid membrane. Moreover, some of them can act on the capsid by denaturing proteins. Until now, there has been no scientific evidence to recommend mouth rinses with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect to control the viral load in the oral cavity. This critical review indicates that current knowledge of these reagents would likely improve trends in salivary viral load status. This finding is a strong sign to encourage clinical research for which quality protocols are already available in the literature.},
}
@article {pmid33089712,
year = {2020},
author = {Satin, AM and Shenoy, K and Sheha, ED and Basques, B and Schroeder, GD and Vaccaro, AR and Lieberman, IH and Guyer, RD and Derman, PB},
title = {Spine Patient Satisfaction With Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Global spine journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {2192568220965521},
doi = {10.1177/2192568220965521},
pmid = {33089712},
issn = {2192-5682},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Original research, cross-sectional study.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: Evaluate patient satisfaction with spine care delivered via telemedicine. Identify patient- and visit-based factors associated with increased satisfaction and visit preference.<br><br>METHODS: Telemedicine visits with a spine surgeon at 2 practices in the United States between March and May 2020 were eligible for inclusion in the study. Patients were sent an electronic survey recording overall satisfaction, technical or clinical issues encountered, and preference for a telemedicine versus an in-person visit. Factors associated with poor satisfaction and preference of telemedicine over an in-person visit were identified using multivariate logistic regression.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 772 responses were collected. Overall, 87.7% of patients were satisfied with their telemedicine visit and 45% indicated a preference for a telemedicine visit over an in-person visit if given the option. Patients with technical or clinical issues were significantly less likely to achieve 5 out of 5 satisfaction scores and were significantly more likely to prefer an in-person visit. Patients who live less than 5 miles from their surgeon's office and patients older than 60 years were also significantly more likely to prefer in-person visits.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Spine telemedicine visits during the COVID-19 pandemic were associated with high patient satisfaction. Additionally, 45% of respondents indicated a preference for telemedicine versus an in-patient visit in the future. In light of these findings, telemedicine for spine care may be a preferable option for a subset of patients into the future.},
}
@article {pmid33089707,
year = {2020},
author = {Pergolizzi, JV and Raffa, RB and Varrassi, G and Magnusson, P and LeQuang, JA and Paladini, A and Taylor, R and Wollmuth, C and Breve, F and Chopra, M and Nalamasu, R and Christo, PJ},
title = {Potential Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Postgraduate medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/00325481.2020.1837503},
pmid = {33089707},
issn = {1941-9260},
abstract = {Neurological manifestations are increasingly reported in a subset of COVID-19 patients. Previous infections related to coronaviruses, namely Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) also appeared to have neurological effects on some patients. The viruses associated with COVID-19 like that of SARS enters the body via the ACE-2 receptors in the central nervous system, which causes the body to balance an immune response against potential damage to non-renewable cells. A few rare cases of neurological sequalae of SARS and MERS have been reported. A growing body of evidence is accumulating that COVID-19, particularly in severe cases, may have neurological consequences although respiratory symptoms nearly always develop prior to neurological ones. Patients with pre-existing neurological conditions may be at elevated risk for COVID-19-associated neurological symptoms. Neurological reports in COVID-19 patients have described encephalopathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, myopathy, neuromuscular disorders, encephalitis, cephalgia, delirium, critical illness polyneuropathy, and others. Treating neurological symptoms can pose clinical challenges as drugs that suppress immune response may be contraindicated in COVID-19 patients. It is possible that in some COVID-19 patients, neurological symptoms are being overlooked or misinterpreted. To date, neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been described largely within the disease trajectory and the long-term effects of such manifestations remains unknown.},
}
@article {pmid33089700,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, Q and Tao, J and Gao, L and He, X and Wang, Y and Xia, W and Huang, L},
title = {Attitudes of Front-Line Nurses Toward Hospice Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The American journal of hospice &amp; palliative care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1049909120968533},
doi = {10.1177/1049909120968533},
pmid = {33089700},
issn = {1938-2715},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes of front-line clinical nurses toward hospice care in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide a source of reference for hospice care education and training in hospitals treating patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHOD: Front-line nurses from a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China, participated. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the General Information Questionnaire, the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 149 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The median total hospice care attitudes score was median 102.00(interquartile range, 95.5-120.50). The nurses' attitudes toward hospice care were significantly associated with their age, knowledge of hospice care, level of empathy, and self-efficacy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The attitudes of front-line nurses toward hospice care need to be improved. Hospital departments should establish an effective public health emergency strategy, provide training to increase front-line nurses' knowledge and practical experience of hospice care, cultivate nurses' empathy, and enhance their sense of self-efficacy, in order to improve the quality of hospice care for patients and their families.},
}
@article {pmid33089674,
year = {2020},
author = {Roblyer, D},
title = {Perspective on the increasing role of optical wearables and remote patient monitoring in the COVID-19 era and beyond.},
journal = {Journal of biomedical optics},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1117/1.JBO.25.10.102703},
pmid = {33089674},
issn = {1560-2281},
abstract = {SIGNIFICANCE: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing the landscape of healthcare delivery in many countries, with a new shift toward remote patient monitoring (RPM).<br><br>AIM: The goal of this perspective is to highlight the existing and future role of wearable and RPM optical technologies in an increasingly at-home healthcare and research environment.<br><br>APPROACH: First, the specific changes occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic in healthcare delivery, regulations, and technological innovations related to RPM technologies are reviewed. Then, a review of the current state and potential future impact of optical physiological monitoring in portable and wearable formats is outlined.<br><br>RESULTS: New efforts from academia, industry, and regulatory agencies are advancing and encouraging at-home, portable, and wearable physiological monitors as a growing part of healthcare delivery. It is hoped that these shifts will assist with disease diagnosis, treatment, management, recovery, and rehabilitation with minimal in-person contact. Some of these trends are likely to persist for years to come. Optical technologies already account for a large portion of RPM platforms, with a good potential for future growth.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The biomedical optics community has a potentially large role to play in developing, testing, and commercializing new wearable and RPM technologies to meet the changing healthcare and research landscape in the COVID-19 era and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid33089648,
year = {2020},
author = {Saez-Giménez, B and Berastegui, C and Barrecheguren, M and Revilla-López, E and Los Arcos, I and Alonso, R and Aguilar, M and Mora, VM and Otero, I and Reig, JP and Quezada, CA and Pérez, V and Valle, M and Laporta, R and Deu, M and Sacanell, J and Bravo, C and Gavalda, J and Lopez-Meseguer, M and Monforte, V},
title = {COVID-19 in lung transplant recipients: A multicenter study.},
journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ajt.16364},
pmid = {33089648},
issn = {1600-6143},
abstract = {This study describes the clinical presentation, treatment, and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). This is a multicenter, retrospective study of all adult LTRs with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection from March 4th until April 28th , 2020 in six Spanish reference hospitals for lung transplantation. Clinical and radiological data, treatment characteristics, and outcomes were reviewed. Forty-four cases were identified in that period. The median time from transplantation was 4.2 (interquartile range: 1.11-7.3) years. Chest radiography showed acute parenchymal abnormalities in 32 (73%) cases. Hydroxychloroquine was prescribed in 41 (93%), lopinavir/ritonavir in 14 (32%), and tocilizumab in 19 (43%) patients. There was a strong interaction between tacrolimus and lopinavir/ritonavir in all cases. Thirty-seven (84%) patients required some degree of respiratory support and/or oxygen therapy, and 13 (30%) were admitted to intermediate or intensive critical care units. Seventeen (39%) patients had died and 20 (45%) had been discharged at the time of the last follow-up. Deceased patients had a worse respiratory status and chest X-ray on admission and presented with higher D-dimer, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase levels. In this multi-center LTR cohort, SARS-Cov-2 presented with high mortality. Additionally, the severity of disease on presentation predicted subsequent mortality.},
}
@article {pmid33089630,
year = {2020},
author = {Cliffe, M and Di Battista, E and Bishop, S},
title = {Can you see me? Participant experience of accessing a weight management programme via group videoconference to overcome barriers to engagement.},
journal = {Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/hex.13148},
pmid = {33089630},
issn = {1369-7625},
support = {//Health and Care Research Wales/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Engagement with conventional weight management group programmes is low.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To understand participant experience of accessing an adapted programme via videoconference.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Adults with obesity (BMI ≥ 35kg/m2), referred to an NHS Dietetics service in Wales, were offered a group videoconference weight management programme as an optional alternative to in-person groups. Thirteen participants (mean age 48.5 ± 20.2 years, 8 female) recruited to two videoconference groups were interviewed.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: A Registered Dietitian delivered a behavioural programme using Skype for Business in 10 sessions over 6 months. Participants joined the groups from any Internet-connected device with a webcam. Participant perspectives were audiorecorded in one-to-one, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using self-determination theory as a theoretical framework.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten themes were identified, three relating to service engagement and seven relating to behaviour change facilitation. Key themes in engagement included 'reduced burden', described as saving time and travel and 'reduced threat' as participants perceived joining a group from home as less daunting compared to attending in-person. Despite reporting some initial technical difficulties with establishing video and audio connection, participants described beneficial peer support although not physically with other group members.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Accessing a group weight management programme via videoconference may be the preferred option for some participants, overcoming some of the barriers to access to standard in-person programmes, particularly in rural areas. Participants are able to experience peer support via videoconference. During the COVID-19 pandemic, weight management programmes could utilize videoconference groups to continue to provide support.},
}
@article {pmid33089624,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, LK and Tikka, SK},
title = {Nondisrupted, safety ensured, opioid substitution clinic in a COVID-19 designated hospital of a resource-limited state in India.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12428},
doi = {10.1111/appy.12428},
pmid = {33089624},
issn = {1758-5872},
}
@article {pmid33089622,
year = {2020},
author = {Pan, X and Xiao, Y and Ren, D and Xu, ZM and Zhang, Q and Yang, LY and Liu, F and Hao, YS and Zhao, F and Bai, YH},
title = {Prevalence of mental health problems and associated risk factors among military healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals in Wuhan, China: A cross-sectional survey.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific psychiatry : official journal of the Pacific Rim College of Psychiatrists},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12427},
doi = {10.1111/appy.12427},
pmid = {33089622},
issn = {1758-5872},
support = {//Changzheng Hospital Pyramid Talent Project（2020）of Second Military Medical University/ ; 2020-FYGG-017//Research Project of Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital Guanggu District/ ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: China has been severely affected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) since December 2019. Military healthcare workers in China have experienced many pressures when combating COVID-19. This study aimed to investigate the current psychological status and associated risk factors among military healthcare workers.<br><br>METHODS: We collected data from 194 military healthcare workers from three inpatient wards in two specialized COVID-19 hospitals using a web-based cross-sectional survey. The survey covered demographic information, the patient health questionnaire-9, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, and the patient health questionnaire-15. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to explore potential risk factors for mental health problems.<br><br>RESULTS: The overall prevalence rates of depressive, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms were 37.6%, 32.5%, and 50%, respectively. Rates of severe depression, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms were 5.2%, 3.6%, and 15.5%, respectively. In 22.7% of cases, comorbidities existed between depression, generalized anxiety, and somatization. A junior-grade professional title was associated with depression, older age was associated with generalized anxiety and somatization, and short sleep duration and poor sleep quality were associated with all three symptoms.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The prevalence of depression, generalized anxiety, and somatic symptoms among military healthcare workers in specialized COVID-19 hospitals is high during the current COVID-19 outbreak. A junior-grade professional title, older age, short sleep duration, and poor sleep quality significantly affect military healthcare workers' mental health. Continuous surveillance and monitoring of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak should be routine to promote mental health among military healthcare workers.},
}
@article {pmid33089570,
year = {2020},
author = {Cadegiani, FA and Lim, RK and Goren, A and McCoy, J and Situm, M and Kovacevic, M and Vañó Galván, S and Sinclair, R and Tosti, A and Wambier, CG},
title = {Clinical Symptoms of Hyperandrogenic Women Diagnosed with COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jdv.17004},
pmid = {33089570},
issn = {1468-3083},
abstract = {The mortality rate of COVID-19 has been observed to be higher in males than in females internationally.(1) In humans, the only known promoter of the TMPRSS2 gene is an androgen response element; (2, 3) therefore, androgens could potentially explain the sexual dimorphism observed in COVID-19 disease burden.(4).},
}
@article {pmid33089562,
year = {2020},
author = {Jackson, SE and Garnett, C and Shahab, L and Oldham, M and Brown, J},
title = {Association of the Covid-19 lockdown with smoking, drinking, and attempts to quit in England: an analysis of 2019-2020 data.},
journal = {Addiction (Abingdon, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/add.15295},
pmid = {33089562},
issn = {1360-0443},
abstract = {AIM: To examine changes in smoking, drinking, and quitting/reduction behaviour following the Covid-19 lockdown in England. Design/setting Monthly cross-sectional surveys representative of the adult population in England, aggregated before (April 2019-February 2020) versus after (April 2020) lockdown.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: 20,558 adults (≥16y).<br><br>MEASUREMENTS: The independent variable was the timing of the Covid-19 lockdown (before vs. after March 2020). Dependent variables were: prevalence of smoking and high-risk drinking, past-year cessation and quit attempts (among past-year smokers), past-year attempts to reduce alcohol consumption (among high-risk drinkers), and use of evidence-based (e.g., prescription medication/face-to-face behavioural support) and remote support (telephone support/websites/apps) for smoking cessation and alcohol reduction (among smokers/high-risk drinkers who made a quit/reduction attempt). Covariates included age, sex, social grade, region, and level of nicotine and alcohol dependence (as relevant).<br><br>FINDINGS: The Covid-19 lockdown was not associated with a significant change in smoking prevalence (17.0% (after) vs. 15.9% (before), OR=1.09[95%CI 0.95-1.24]), but was associated with increases in quit attempts (39.6% vs. 29.1%, ORadj =1.56[1.23-1.98]), quit success (21.3% vs. 13.9%, ORadj =2.01[1.22-3.33]), and cessation (8.8% vs. 4.1%, ORadj =2.63[1.69-4.09]) among past-year smokers. Among smokers who tried to quit, there was no significant change in use of evidence-based support (50.0% vs. 51.5%, ORadj =1.10[0.72-1.68]) but use of remote support increased (10.9% vs. 2.7%, ORadj =3.59[1.56-8.23]). Lockdown was associated with increases in high-risk drinking (38.3% vs. 25.1%, OR=1.85[1.67-2.06]) but also alcohol reduction attempts by high-risk drinkers (28.5% vs. 15.3%, ORadj =2.16[1.77-2.64]). Among high-risk drinkers who made a reduction attempt, use of evidence-based support decreased (1.2% vs. 4.0%, ORadj =0.23[0.05-0.97]) and there was no significant change in use of remote support (6.9% vs. 6.1%, ORadj =1.32[0.64-2.75]).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Following the March 2020 Covid-19 lockdown, smokers and high-risk drinkers in England were more likely than before lockdown to report trying to quit smoking or reduce alcohol consumption, and rates of smoking cessation and use of remote cessation support were higher. However, high-risk drinking prevalence increased post-lockdown and use of evidence-based support for alcohol reduction by high-risk drinkers decreased with no compensatory increase in use of remote support.},
}
@article {pmid33089548,
year = {2020},
author = {Raimann, FJ and Piekarski, F and Adam, EH and Zacharowski, K and Neef, V},
title = {Safety considerations for the use of Point-Of-Care diagnostics during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical laboratory analysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e23631},
doi = {10.1002/jcla.23631},
pmid = {33089548},
issn = {1098-2825},
}
@article {pmid33089530,
year = {2020},
author = {McGain, F and Chamberlin, M and Milburn, J},
title = {Environmentally sustainable health care: now is the time for action.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.50828},
pmid = {33089530},
issn = {1326-5377},
}
@article {pmid33089511,
year = {2020},
author = {Pfund, GN and Hill, PL and Harriger, J},
title = {Video chatting and appearance satisfaction during COVID-19: Appearance comparisons and self-objectification as moderators.},
journal = {The International journal of eating disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/eat.23393},
pmid = {33089511},
issn = {1098-108X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: As video chatting has emerged as a leading form of communication for work, education, and socialization during the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to investigate the association between video chatting and appearance satisfaction.<br><br>METHOD: Participants included women from the United States (n = 438; age: M = 31.3, SD = 12.71) who completed measures examining their use of video chatting services, self-objectification, video chatting appearance comparison, and appearance satisfaction.<br><br>RESULTS: The total time spent on video chatting services was not associated with appearance satisfaction; however, self-objectification moderated the relationship between total hours of video chatting and appearance satisfaction. In addition, participants who engaged in more video chatting appearance comparisons reported lower face and body satisfaction. Furthermore, video chatting appearance comparison was associated with more frequent usage of certain Zoom features, such as the &quot;touch up my appearance&quot; feature, and more time spent looking at oneself on video calls. Finally, those who spent more time engaged with their families over video chatting services reported greater face and body satisfaction.<br><br>DISCUSSION: The results of the current study demonstrate that time spent video chatting is not predictive of appearance satisfaction, but that self-objectification can exacerbate these associations.},
}
@article {pmid33089505,
year = {2020},
author = {Meltzer, A},
title = {Public health crises and the need for accessible information.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.50827},
pmid = {33089505},
issn = {1326-5377},
}
@article {pmid33089490,
year = {2020},
author = {Capon, A and Madden, DL and Truskett, PG},
title = {Environmentally sustainable health care: now is the time for action.},
journal = {The Medical journal of Australia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5694/mja2.50825},
pmid = {33089490},
issn = {1326-5377},
}
@article {pmid33089477,
year = {2020},
author = {Favas, TT and Dev, P and Chaurasia, RN and Chakravarty, K and Mishra, R and Joshi, D and Mishra, VN and Kumar, A and Singh, VK and Pandey, M and Pathak, A},
title = {Neurological manifestations of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of proportions.},
journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04801-y},
pmid = {33089477},
issn = {1590-3478},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronaviruses mainly affect the respiratory system; however, there are reports of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV causing neurological manifestations. We aimed at discussing the various neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to estimate the prevalence of each of them.<br><br>METHODS: We searched the following electronic databases; PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, WHO database, and ClinicalTrials.gov . Relevant MeSH terms for COVID-19 and neurological manifestations were used. Randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, case series, and case reports were included in the study. To estimate the overall proportion of each neurological manifestations, the study employed meta-analysis of proportions using a random-effects model.<br><br>RESULTS: Pooled prevalence of each neurological manifestations are, smell disturbances (35.8%; 95% CI 21.4-50.2), taste disturbances (38.5%; 95%CI 24.0-53.0), myalgia (19.3%; 95% CI 15.1-23.6), headache (14.7%; 95% CI 10.4-18.9), dizziness (6.1%; 95% CI 3.1-9.2), and syncope (1.8%; 95% CI 0.9-4.6). Pooled prevalence of acute cerebrovascular disease was (2.3%; 95%CI 1.0-3.6), of which majority were ischaemic stroke (2.1%; 95% CI 0.9-3.3), followed by haemorrhagic stroke (0.4%; 95% CI 0.2-0.6), and cerebral venous thrombosis (0.3%; 95% CI 0.1-0.6).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Neurological symptoms are common in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and from the large number of cases reported from all over the world daily, the prevalence of neurological features might increase again. Identifying some neurological manifestations like smell and taste disturbances can be used to screen patients with COVID-19 so that early identification and isolation is possible.},
}
@article {pmid33089455,
year = {2020},
author = {Turner, S and Pham, T and Robledo, K and Turner, S and Brown, C and Sundaresan, P},
title = {Rapid Adaptation of Cancer Education in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evaluation of a Live Virtual Statistics and Research Skills Workshop for Oncology Trainees.},
journal = {Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13187-020-01898-9},
pmid = {33089455},
issn = {1543-0154},
abstract = {Due to COVID-19, an annual interactive statistics and research methodology workshop for radiation oncology trainees was adapted at short notice into a live virtual format. This study aimed to evaluate trainee opinions around the educational value of the workshop, logistical aspects and impact on interactivity. A post-course on-line survey was completed by 26/42 trainee attendees (response rate 62%). For five pre-specified learning outcomes (LO), 58 to 69% of trainees agreed that the LO was completely or largely met (Likert scores 6 and 7 on a scale 1 = not met at all; 7 = completely met). All trainees felt that logistical aspects of the workshop including organisation, accessibility to the platform and sound/image quality were good or excellent. With regard to opportunities for interaction and suitability for small-group 'break-out' sessions, the majority felt that interaction could be adequately maintained whilst just under a quarter felt the delivery method was not fit for the purpose. Networking/social engagement with peers and teachers was the factor most impaired using the live virtual delivery format. Over three-quarters of trainees replied they would favour the current event or other educational sessions being offered (at least as an option) in a virtual format in the future. Cost and convenience were given as the major non-COVID-19-related benefits of virtual on-line learning. These preliminary findings provide valuable feedback to help adapt or develop further on-line educational and training initiatives that will be necessary in the COVID-19 pandemic period and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid33089452,
year = {2020},
author = {Ropa, J and Cooper, S and Capitano, ML and Van't Hof, W and Broxmeyer, HE},
title = {Human Hematopoietic Stem, Progenitor, and Immune Cells Respond Ex Vivo to SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.},
journal = {Stem cell reviews and reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12015-020-10056-z},
pmid = {33089452},
issn = {2629-3277},
support = {R35HL 139599/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; U54DK 106846/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; T32DK 007519/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Despite evidence that SARS-CoV-2 infection is systemic in nature, there is little known about the effects that SARS-CoV-2 infection or exposure has on many host cell types, including primitive and mature hematopoietic cells. The hematopoietic system is responsible for giving rise to the very immune cells that defend against viral infection and is a source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells (HPCs) which are used for hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to treat hematologic disorders, thus there is a strong need to understand how exposure to the virus may affect hematopoietic cell functions. We examined the expression of ACE2, to which SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) protein binds to facilitate viral entry, in cord blood derived HSCs/HPCs and in peripheral blood derived immune cell subtypes. ACE2 is expressed in low numbers of immune cells, higher numbers of HPCs, and up to 65% of rigorously defined HSCs. We also examined effects of exposing HSCs/HPCs and immune cells to SARS-CoV-2 S protein ex vivo. HSCs and HPCs expand less effectively and have less functional colony forming capacity when grown with S protein, while peripheral blood monocytes upregulate CD14 expression and show distinct changes in size and granularity. That these effects are induced by recombinant S protein alone and not the infectious viral particle suggests that simple exposure to SARS-CoV-2 may impact HSCs/HPCs and immune cells via S protein interactions with the cells, regardless of whether they can be infected. These data have implications for immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and for HCT. Graphical Abstract • Human HSCs, HPCs, and immune cells express ACE2 on the cell surface, making them potentially susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection. • SARS-CoV-2 S protein, which binds to ACE2, induces defects in the colony forming capacity of human HPC and inhibits the expansion of HSC/HPC subpopulations ex vivo. These effects can be at least partially neutralized by treatment with SARS-CoV-2 targeting antibody, recombinant human ACE2, or Angiotensin1-7. • S protein also induces aberrant morphological changes in peripheral blood derived monocytes ex vivo. • Thus, there are many different manners in which SARS-CoV-2 virus may impact the functional hematopoietic system, which has important implications for hematological manifestations of COVID-19 (i.e. thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia), immune response, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant in the era of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33089445,
year = {2020},
author = {Rubenstein, E and Kalkbrenner, A and Volk, H and McGuinn, L},
title = {Benefits, Burden, and COVID-19: A Response to Dutheil et al. (2020).},
journal = {Journal of autism and developmental disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10803-020-04762-3},
pmid = {33089445},
issn = {1573-3432},
}
@article {pmid33089388,
year = {2020},
author = {Guitart, C and Suárez, R and Girona, M and Bobillo-Perez, S and Hernández, L and Balaguer, M and Cambra, FJ and Jordan, I and , },
title = {Lung ultrasound findings in pediatric patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {European journal of pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00431-020-03839-6},
pmid = {33089388},
issn = {1432-1076},
abstract = {During the pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), lung ultrasound has been used to diagnose and monitor respiratory condition. The aim of the study was to describe lung ultrasound findings in children with a COVID-19 infection. Patients younger than 18 years old and positive for COVID-19, admitted to pediatric tertiary referral hospital were included. They were divided into two groups depending on the presence of respiratory symptoms. Lung ultrasound results were categorized into four degrees according to Soldati et al. score (J Ultrasound Med 39:1-7, 2020) and it was also described the presence and type of consolidation. Sixteen patients were recruited. The median age was 11 years old (IQR 2.8-12). Four children (25%) required admission to the intensive care unit. Six patients (37.5%) presented with respiratory symptoms. Most of them showed S.score of 2 and subpleural consolidations were observed in four cases (66.6%). Ten patients (62.5%) presented with non-respiratory symptoms, lung ultrasound showed S.score from 0 to 2. Three (30%) were diagnosed of multisystem inflammatory syndrome and lung ultrasounds showed S.score of 2 with bilateral pleural effusion.Conclusions: Children with COVID-19 and respiratory symptoms mostly showed a S.score of 2 and 3 with subpleural consolidations, upon the lung ultrasound assessment. What is Known: • Lung ultrasound is a useful tool for monitoring patients with respiratory symptoms in both adults and children. Lung ultrasounds are altered in adult patients with COVID-19. What is New: • Lung ultrasound might improve COVID-19 assessment, it could be a useful tool to diagnose and monitor patients throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. Even COVID-19 patients with non-respiratory symptoms have lung alterations that are visible on lung ultrasound.},
}
@article {pmid33089356,
year = {2020},
author = {Tam, CC and Sun, S and Yang, X and Li, X and Zhou, Y and Shen, Z},
title = {Psychological Distress Among HIV Healthcare Providers During the COVID-19 Pandemic in China: Mediating Roles of Institutional Support and Resilience.},
journal = {AIDS and behavior},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10461-020-03068-w},
pmid = {33089356},
issn = {1573-3254},
support = {R01AI127203-4S1//Foundation for the National Institutes of Health/ ; },
abstract = {Psychological distress among healthcare providers is concerning during COVID-19 pandemic due to extreme stress at healthcare facilities, including HIV clinics in China. The socioecological model suggests that psychological distress could be influenced by multi-level factors. However, limited COVID-19 research examined the mechanisms of psychological distress among HIV healthcare providers. This study examined organizational and intrapersonal factors contributing to psychological health during COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected via online anonymous surveys from 1029 HIV healthcare providers in Guangxi, China during April-May 2020. Path analysis was utilized to test a mediation model among COVID-19 stressors, institutional support, resilience, and psychological distress (PHQ-4). Thirty-eight percent of the providers experienced psychological distress (PHQ-4 score > 3). Institutional support and resilience mediated the relationship between COVID-19 stressors and psychological distress. Psychological distress was common among Chinese HIV healthcare providers during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological health intervention should attend to institutional support and resilience.},
}
@article {pmid33089348,
year = {2020},
author = {Chiumello, D and Busana, M and Coppola, S and Romitti, F and Formenti, P and Bonifazi, M and Pozzi, T and Palumbo, MM and Cressoni, M and Herrmann, P and Meissner, K and Quintel, M and Camporota, L and Marini, JJ and Gattinoni, L},
title = {Physiological and quantitative CT-scan characterization of COVID-19 and typical ARDS: a matched cohort study.},
journal = {Intensive care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00134-020-06281-2},
pmid = {33089348},
issn = {1432-1238},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate whether COVID-19-ARDS differs from all-cause ARDS.<br><br>METHODS: Thirty-two consecutive, mechanically ventilated COVID-19-ARDS patients were compared to two historical ARDS sub-populations 1:1 matched for PaO2/FiO2 or for compliance of the respiratory system. Gas exchange, hemodynamics and respiratory mechanics were recorded at 5 and 15 cmH2O PEEP. CT scan variables were measured at 5 cmH2O PEEP.<br><br>RESULTS: Anthropometric characteristics were similar in COVID-19-ARDS, PaO2/FiO2-matched-ARDS and Compliance-matched-ARDS. The PaO2/FiO2-matched-ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS populations (both with PaO2/FiO2 106 ± 59 mmHg) had different respiratory system compliances (Crs) (39 ± 11 vs 49.9 ± 15.4 ml/cmH2O, p = 0.03). The Compliance-matched-ARDS and COVID-19-ARDS had similar Crs (50.1 ± 15.7 and 49.9 ± 15.4 ml/cmH2O, respectively) but significantly lower PaO2/FiO2 for the same Crs (160 ± 62 vs 106.5 ± 59.6 mmHg, p < 0.001). The three populations had similar lung weights but COVID-19-ARDS had significantly higher lung gas volume (PaO2/FiO2-matched-ARDS 930 ± 644 ml, COVID-19-ARDS 1670 ± 791 ml and Compliance-matched-ARDS 1301 ± 627 ml, p < 0.05). The venous admixture was significantly related to the non-aerated tissue in PaO2/FiO2-matched-ARDS and Compliance-matched-ARDS (p < 0.001) but unrelated in COVID-19-ARDS (p = 0.75), suggesting that hypoxemia was not only due to the extent of non-aerated tissue. Increasing PEEP from 5 to 15 cmH2O improved oxygenation in all groups. However, while lung mechanics and dead space improved in PaO2/FiO2-matched-ARDS, suggesting recruitment as primary mechanism, they remained unmodified or worsened in COVID-19-ARDS and Compliance-matched-ARDS, suggesting lower recruitment potential and/or blood flow redistribution.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19-ARDS is a subset of ARDS characterized overall by higher compliance and lung gas volume for a given PaO2/FiO2, at least when considered within the timeframe of our study.},
}
@article {pmid33089347,
year = {2020},
author = {Turanli, S and Kiziltan, G},
title = {Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Cause a Delay in the Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis?.},
journal = {World journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00268-020-05825-3},
pmid = {33089347},
issn = {1432-2323},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Appendectomy for acute appendicitis remains one of the most common surgical procedures. This study aims to assess the clinical presentation and delays in diagnosing acute appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated data of all adult patients who underwent an appendectomy at our hospital between June 1, 2019 and June 1, 2020. Demographic data, admission type to the emergency room, radiological findings, pathological findings, and hospitalization time were noted. Patients were divided into four groups of 3-month periods, pre (Groups 5, 4, 3, 2) and during the pandemic (Group 1). Hospitalization time and perforation status of each group were compared. The hospital admission type and their effect on perforation were also evaluated.<br><br>RESULTS: Two hundred and fourteen patients were included; 135 patients were male, and 57 were female. The median age was 39 years. In Group 1 (pandemic period), 28.8% of patients were referred to us from pandemic hospitals. The median hospitalization time was 7.3 h before pandemics (Group 2-5), 5 h in the pandemic period (Group 1). Perforation rates were 27.8% in Group 1, 23.3% in Group 2, 16.3% in Group 3, 14.0% in Group 4, and 18.6% in Group 5 (0 = 0.58). There was no difference in the patients in Group 1 in the rate of perforated appendicitis in patients who were referred from other pandemic hospitals (29.4) and those admitted via our own emergency room (16.6%) (p = 0.27) during the pandemic period.<br><br>CONCLUSION: We did not observe any clear increase in the diagnosis of perforated appendicitis during the pandemic period, even in patients who were transferred from other hospitals.},
}
@article {pmid33089317,
year = {2020},
author = {Baang, JH and Smith, C and Mirabelli, C and Valesano, AL and Manthei, DM and Bachman, M and Wobus, CE and Adams, M and Washer, L and Martin, ET and Lauring, AS},
title = {Prolonged SARS-CoV-2 replication in an immunocompromised patient.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaa666},
pmid = {33089317},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {We describe a case of chronic COVID-19 in a patient with lymphoma and associated B-cell immunodeficiency. Viral cultures and sequence analysis demonstrate ongoing replication of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus for at least 119 days. The patient had three admissions related to COVID-19 over a four-month period and was treated twice with remdesivir and convalescent plasma with resolution of symptoms. The patient's lack of seroconversion and prolonged course illustrate the importance of humoral immunity in resolving SARS-CoV-2 infection. This case highlights challenges in managing immunocompromised hosts, who may act as persistent shedders and sources of transmission.},
}
@article {pmid33089311,
year = {2020},
author = {Von Kohorn, I and Stein, SR and Shikani, BT and Ramos-Benitez, MJ and Vannella, KM and Hewitt, SM and Kleiner, DE and Alejo, JC and Burbelo, P and Cohen, JI and Wiedermann, BL and Chertow, DS},
title = {In Utero SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa127},
pmid = {33089311},
issn = {2048-7207},
abstract = {Evidence for in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is growing but not definitive. We present a case of neonatal infection that supports in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and provides insight into hematogenous spread from mother to fetus.},
}
@article {pmid33089306,
year = {2020},
author = {Lê, MP and Peiffer-Smadja, N and Guedj, J and Neant, N and Mentré, F and Ader, F and Yazdanpanah, Y and Peytavin, G and , },
title = {Rationale of a loading dose initiation for hydroxychloroquine treatment in COVID-19 infection in the DisCoVeRy trial-authors' response.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jac/dkaa415},
pmid = {33089306},
issn = {1460-2091},
}
@article {pmid33089301,
year = {2020},
author = {Viggiano, D and Lococo, F and Dell'Amore, A and Crisci, R and Torre, M and Rea, F and Muriana, G},
title = {Hospital organization and thoracic oncological patient management during the coronavirus disease-2019 outbreak: a brief report from a nationwide survey of the Italian Society of Thoracic Surgery.},
journal = {Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icvts/ivaa204},
pmid = {33089301},
issn = {1569-9285},
abstract = {The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has made us aware of the weaknesses and often the inadequacies of our current technologies and practices and has presented us with a huge challenge: to reorganize the way we work and sometimes even think, in order to ensure the safety of our patients. The Italian Society of Thoracic Surgery has launched various initiatives in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, aimed at facilitating the exchange of information, strategies and personal experiences between institutions. This article presents the results of a survey amongst all Italian thoracic surgery units accredited to SICT, with the aim of providing a glimpse of the current working conditions in these units, and an understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on their daily activities and patient care.},
}
@article {pmid33089297,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhu, L and Wang, JB and Yu, Q and Huang, ZW and Han, FK and Li, SJ and Sha, Y and Shi, HM and Tao, XF},
title = {[Shanghai municipal expert consensus on standardized prevention and control of COVID-19 during procedures of oral radiology].},
journal = {Shanghai kou qiang yi xue = Shanghai journal of stomatology},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {431-434},
pmid = {33089297},
issn = {1006-7248},
abstract = {The announcement of National Health Commission on January 20, 2020 (No.1 of 2020) has included novel coronavirus pneumonia into the B class infectious diseases according to the law of the People's Republic of China on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, and has been managed as A class infectious diseases. People's governments at all levels and health administration departments have been paying high attention to it. With the alleviation of COVID-19 nationwide, dental clinics gradually resume to work. The main transmission routes of COVID-19 are respiratory droplets and contact transmission, hence oral radiological examination is kind of a high-risk operation. Standardized radiologic process is of great significance to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission. In accordance with the national and Shanghai epidemic prevention requirements, and in combination with the actual situation of various medical institutions, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Committee of Shanghai Stomatological Association formulated the expert consensus on standardized prevention and control of COVID-19 for clinical reference. This recommendation will be updated according to the situation of epidemic prevention and control in China and the new relevant diagnosis and treatment plans.},
}
@article {pmid33089208,
year = {2020},
author = {Du, C and Zan, MCH and Cho, MJ and Fenton, JI and Hsiao, PY and Hsiao, R and Keaver, L and Lai, CC and Lee, H and Ludy, MJ and Shen, W and Swee, WCS and Thrivikraman, J and Tseng, KW and Tseng, WC and Tucker, RM},
title = {Increased Resilience Weakens the Relationship between Perceived Stress and Anxiety on Sleep Quality: A Moderated Mediation Analysis of Higher Education Students from 7 Countries.},
journal = {Clocks &amp; sleep},
volume = {2},
number = {3},
pages = {334-353},
doi = {10.3390/clockssleep2030025},
pmid = {33089208},
issn = {2624-5175},
abstract = {High levels of perceived stress and anxiety among university students are a global concern and are known to negatively influence sleep. However, few studies have explored how stress response styles, like psychological resilience and rumination, might alter these relationships. Using validated tools, perceived stress, anxiety, stress response styles, and sleep behaviors of undergraduate and graduate students from seven countries during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic were characterized in order to examine the relationships between these factors using mediation and moderation analyses. Students enrolled in universities in China, Ireland, Malaysia, Taiwan, South Korea, the Netherlands, and the United States were recruited in May 2020. A total of 2254 students completed this cross-sectional study. Perceived stress and anxiety were negatively associated with sleep quality through the mediation of rumination. Increased psychological resilience weakened the relationships between perceived stress and anxiety on sleep quality. The majority of students reported that COVID-19 negatively influenced their mental health and sleep quality but not sleep duration. Based on these results, university students would likely benefit from sleep education and mental health promotion programs that include trainings to increase psychological resilience and reduce rumination, particularly during times of increased stress.},
}
@article {pmid33089132,
year = {2020},
author = {Zvobgo, L and Do, P},
title = {COVID-19 and the call for 'Safe Hands': Challenges facing the under-resourced municipalities that lack potable water access - A case study of Chitungwiza municipality, Zimbabwe.},
journal = {Water research X},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100074},
doi = {10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100074},
pmid = {33089132},
issn = {2589-9147},
abstract = {Billions of people living in developing countries lack access to safe drinking water, not to mention water for handwashing, one of the most effective ways to contain the fast spreading novel coronavirus (COVID -19). The recent global spread of COVID-19 has fostered diverse initiatives such as the 'Safe Hands' challenge led by the World Health Organization. Individuals are encouraged to regularly wash their hands for 40-60 s under running water with soap. This call for 'Safe Hands' comes at a time when water insecurity and limited access to handwashing facilities in Africa is heightened. In this article, Chitungwiza city in Zimbabwe is used as a case study to assess the implications of the 'Safe Hands' challenge for poor municipalities in developing countries and characterize the challenges they face. To do so, interviews were conducted at water points/boreholes used by residents during Zimbabwe's COVID-19 national lockdown. The calculation of water requirements for proper hand hygiene determined the capacity for water-stressed regions to effectively implement 'Safe Hands'. On average, it was established that one person consumes an extra 4.5 L per day of water when they practice WHO 'Safe Hands' in the context of COVID-19. This increases domestic water demand in Chitungwiza by 9%. Due to water scarcity, people in Chitungwiza were experiencing challenges with practicing 'Safe Hands'. With their 'dry taps' woes, they might not be able to meet the standards of this WHO challenge. Lack of soap also reduced the effectiveness of the 'Safe Hands' challenge. This paper proposes short- and long-term measures that would allow effective implementation of the 'Safe Hands' by means of sustainable potable water supply. These measures include extensive social awareness and temporary change of household water use behavior. Municipalities are recommended to establish public private partnerships (PPPs) to create immediate and long-term water investments. Structural and transformational reforms would enhance, through flexible planning, investments for both water infrastructure and governance. This narrative has the potential to improve the urban water systems resiliency against future pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid33089116,
year = {2020},
author = {Jewell, BL and Smith, JA and Hallett, TB},
title = {Understanding the impact of interruptions to HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic: A modelling study.},
journal = {EClinicalMedicine},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {100483},
doi = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100483},
pmid = {33089116},
issn = {2589-5370},
abstract = {Background: There is concern that the COVID-19 pandemic could severely disrupt HIV services in sub-Saharan Africa. However, it is difficult to determine priorities for maintaining different elements of existing HIV services given widespread uncertainty.<br><br>Methods: We explore the impact of disruptions on HIV outcomes in South Africa, Malawi, Zimbabwe, and Uganda using a mathematical model, examine how impact is affected by model assumptions, and compare potential HIV deaths to those that may be caused by COVID-19 in the same settings.<br><br>Findings: The most important determinant of HIV-related mortality is an interruption to antiretroviral treatment (ART) supply. A three-month interruption for 40% of those on ART could cause a similar number of additional deaths as those that might be saved from COVID-19 through social distancing. An interruption for more than 6-90% of individuals on ART for nine months could cause the number of HIV deaths to exceed the number of COVID-19 deaths, depending on the COVID-19 projection. However, if ART supply is maintained, but new treatment, voluntary medical male circumcision, and pre-exposure prophylaxis initiations cease for 3 months and condom use is reduced, increases in HIV deaths would be limited to <2% over five years, although this could still be accompanied by a 7% increase in new HIV infections.<br><br>Interpretation: HIV deaths could increase substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic under reasonable worst-case assumptions about interruptions to HIV services. It is a priority in high-burden countries to ensure continuity of ART during the pandemic.<br><br>Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.},
}
@article {pmid33089115,
year = {2020},
author = {Mei, Y and Weinberg, SE and Zhao, L and Frink, A and Qi, C and Behdad, A and Ji, P},
title = {Risk stratification of hospitalized COVID-19 patients through comparative studies of laboratory results with influenza.},
journal = {EClinicalMedicine},
volume = {26},
number = {},
pages = {100475},
doi = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100475},
pmid = {33089115},
issn = {2589-5370},
abstract = {Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019 overlaps with the flu season.<br><br>Methods: We compared clinical and laboratory results from 719 influenza and 973 COVID-19 patients from January to April 2020. We compiled laboratory results from the first 14 days of the hospitalized patients using parameters that are most significantly different between COVID-19 and influenza and hierarchically clustered COVID-19 patients.<br><br>Findings: Compared to influenza, patients with COVID-19 exhibited a continued increase in white blood cell count, rapid decline of hemoglobin, more rapid increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and D-dimer, and higher level of alanine transaminase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and fibrinogen. COVID-19 patients were sub-classified into 5 clusters through a hierarchical clustering analysis. Medical records were reviewed and patients were risk stratified based on the clinical outcomes. The cluster with the highest risk showed 27·8% fatality, 94% ICU admission, 94% intubation, and 28% discharge rates compared to 0%, 38%, 22%, and 88% in the lowest risk cluster, respectively. Patients in the highest risk cluster had leukocytosis including neutrophilia and monocytosis, severe anemia, increased red blood cell distribution width, higher BUN, creatinine, D-dimer, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, and troponin.<br><br>Interpretation: There are significant differences in the clinical and laboratory courses between COVID-19 and influenza. Risk stratification in hospitalized COVID-19 patients using laboratory data could be useful to predict clinical outcomes and pathophysiology of these patients.<br><br>Funding: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Department of Defense, and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.},
}
@article {pmid33089080,
year = {2020},
author = {Yağcı, İ and Sarıkaya, S and Ayhan, FF and Bahsi, A and Bilir Kaya, B and Erhan, B and Dündar Ahi, E and Okan, S and Özkan, Y and Korkmaz, MD and Yakşi, E and Demirbağ Kabayel, D and Özdemir, H and Kayalar, G and Çelik, C and Kesiktaş, FN and Çağlar Yagcı, H and Altan, L},
title = {The effects of COVID-19 on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Turkey in the first month of pandemic.},
journal = {Turkish journal of physical medicine and rehabilitation},
volume = {66},
number = {3},
pages = {244-251},
doi = {10.5606/tftrd.2020.6800},
pmid = {33089080},
issn = {2587-1250},
abstract = {Objectives: The outbreak of novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has affected Turkey very seriously, as well as all around the world. Many urgent and radical measures were taken due to the high contagious risk and mortality rate of the outbreak. It is noteworthy that isolation recommendations and the provision of health services for pandemic have a negative impact on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) services. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the PMR services and physiatrists immediately after the first month of pandemic in Turkey.<br><br>Patients and methods: An online survey consisting of 45 items was sent to the members of the Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The main goal of the survey was to evaluate the changes in the provided service of PMR and conditions of physiatrists one month after the first reported COVID-19 case in Turkey.<br><br>Results: A total of 606 PMR specialists and residents responded to the survey. The mean number of the patients visited the outpatient clinics was 148.2±128.5 per week before the pandemic, it significantly decreased to 23.4±33.1 per week after the first month of the reported first COVID-19 case. Similarly, the mean number of the patients of inpatient service significantly decreased from 21.7±39.3 per week to 2.5±10.0 per week after the first month of the pandemic. Most of the residents (69%) reported that their training was seriously affected due to pandemic. From the economic aspect, 69.2% of the participants who were working at private hospitals reported a decrease in their monthly salary, and 21% of them were sent to an unpaid vacation. A total of 21.9% of private-practice institutions paused their services. During the first month, 46.9% of the participants were assigned to the different services such as COVID-19 inpatient service, emergency or COVID-19 outpatient clinics. According to the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health guideline and algorithm, 15.7% of the physicians were in the category of healthcare workers with suspected COVID-19.<br><br>Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected seriously both the services and the PMR physicians as early as the first month. This effect is expected to become worse, when the duration of pandemic prolongs. Proper arrangements and measures should be planned to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic on the patients and PMR physicians.},
}
@article {pmid33089061,
year = {2020},
author = {Shamsah, MA and Bitar, ZI and Alfoudri, H},
title = {Right atrial thrombus in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa296},
pmid = {33089061},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Significant coagulopathy and hyperinflammation are found in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Expert consensus has recommended prophylactic anticoagulation in COVID-19 patients due to the risk of thrombo-embolism. However, the use of therapeutic anticoagulation in these patients is still a matter of debate.<br><br>Case summary: We describe a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia and a clinical hyperinflammatory state. He developed early respiratory depression and required ventilation, and he subsequently developed haemodynamic instability. Point-of-care echocardiography demonstrated a right atrial thrombus and right ventricular dysfunction suggestive of acute massive pulmonary embolism. He was managed with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and local thrombolysis.<br><br>Discussion: Critical cases of COVID-19 pneumonia are associated with hypercoagulation, and these patients should be monitored closely for complications. Therapeutic anticoagulation may play a role in the management and prevention of thrombo-embolism.},
}
@article {pmid33089060,
year = {2020},
author = {Ashok, V and Loke, WI},
title = {Case report: high-grade atrioventricular block in suspected COVID-19 myocarditis.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa248},
pmid = {33089060},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: In the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19, respiratory failure has been reported as the main cause of death in those who develop critical illness. A few cases of concurrent myocarditis have been reported, but the extent of cardiac complications with the SARS-CoV-2 strain of coronavirus is still largely unknown.<br><br>Case summary: A 53-year-old man, suspected to have COVID-19 due to a new-onset cough, shortness of breath, and hypoxia, was referred to Cardiology with sudden symptomatic bradycardia. Initial rhythm analysis revealed Type 2 atrioventricular block (Mobitz II). On arrival at the coronary care unit, he was found to be in complete heart block (Type 3). Routine blood tests showed normal electrolytes and renal function, and no elevation in troponin-I levels. Echocardiography showed mild impairment in left ventricular systolic function, with no regional wall motion abnormalities or valvular lesions. He then developed high-degree AV block lasting 6.2 s, prompting the need for an urgent permanent pacemaker implantation.<br><br>Discussion: Just over a third of patients with myocarditis reportedly develop a rise in cardiac troponin. Clinically suspected myocarditis can occur in the absence of a troponin rise and rarely can cause high-grade bradyarrhythmias. Myocarditis and non-specific cardiac arrhythmias have been reported in a few cases of COVID-19, but this is the first reported case of a high-grade atrioventricular conduction block with SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid33089059,
year = {2020},
author = {Ahmed, FZ and Crosbie, C and Kahn, M and Motwani, M},
title = {Protecting the most vulnerable during COVID-19 and beyond: a case report on the remote management of heart failure patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa249},
pmid = {33089059},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Heart failure (HF) patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) represent an important cohort. They are at increased risk of hospitalization and mortality. We outline how remote-only management strategies, which leverage transmitted health-related data, can be used to optimize care for HF patients with a CIED during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Case summary: An 82-year-old man with HF, stable on medical therapy, underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation in 2016. Modern CIEDs facilitate remote monitoring by providing real-time physiological data (thoracic impedance, heart rate and rhythm, etc.). The 'Triage Heart Failure Risk Score' (Triage-HFRS), available on Medtronic CIEDs, integrates several monitored physiological parameters into a risk prediction model classifying patients as low, medium, or high risk of HF events within 30 days. In November 2019, the patient was enrolled in an innovative clinical pathway (Triage-HF Plus) whereby any 'high' Triage-HF risk status transmission prompts a phone call-based virtual consultation. A high-risk alert was received via remote transmission on 11 March, triggering a phone call assessment. Upon reporting increasing breathlessness, diuretics were initiated. The prescription was remotely issued and delivered to the patient's home. This approach circumvented the need for all face-to-face reviews, delivering care in an entirely remote manner.<br><br>Discussion: The challenges posed by COVID-19 have prompted us to think differently about how we deliver care for patients, both now and following the pandemic. Contemporary CIEDs facilitate the ability to remotely monitor HF patients by providing rich physiological data that can help identify individuals at elevated risk of decompensation using automated device-generated alerts.},
}
@article {pmid33089057,
year = {2020},
author = {Sang, CJ and Heindl, B and Von Mering, G and Rajapreyar, I},
title = {Massive pulmonary embolism in a COVID-19 patient: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa223},
pmid = {33089057},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Myocardial injury is associated with excess mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections, and the mechanisms of injury are diverse. Coagulopathy associated with this infection may have unique cardiovascular implications.<br><br>Case summary: We present a case of 62-year-old male who presented after experiencing syncope and cardiac arrest. Given the clinical presentation and electrocardiographic findings, there was concern for acute coronary syndrome. However, coronary angiogram did not reveal significant coronary obstruction. Due to the unclear nature of his presentation, a bedside echocardiogram was rapidly performed and was indicative of right ventricular strain. Due to these findings, a pulmonary angiogram was performed that revealed massive pulmonary embolism. He successfully underwent catheter-directed thrombolysis and, after a prolonged hospital stay, was discharged home on lifelong anticoagulation.<br><br>Discussion: The impact of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on the cardiovascular system has been prominent and multifaceted. COVID-19 can have wide-ranging effects on the cardiovascular system due to coagulopathy with resultant venous and arterial thrombo-embolism. Due to the critical condition of many patients affected by COVID-19, imaging for thrombo-embolic events is often delayed. With the use of bedside echocardiogram, observation of right ventricular strain may be critical in raising suspicion for pulmonary embolism, especially when atypical features are noted on electrocardiogram.},
}
@article {pmid33089056,
year = {2020},
author = {Cakulev, I and Sahadevan, J and Osman, MN},
title = {A case report of unusually long episodes of asystole in a severe COVID-19 patient treated with a leadless pacemaker.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa238},
pmid = {33089056},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Experience has been emerging about cardiac manifestations of COVID-19-positive patients. The full cardiac spectrum is still unknown, and management of these patients is challenging.<br><br>Case summary: We report a COVID-19 patient who developed unusually long asystolic pauses associated with atriventricular block (AV) block and atrial fibrillation who underwent leadless pacemaker implantation.<br><br>Discussion: Asystole may be a manifestation of COVID-19 infection. A leadless pacemaker is a secure remedy, with limited requirements for follow-up, close interactions, and number of procedures in a COVID-19 patient.},
}
@article {pmid33089055,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, A and Garcia-Bengochea, Y and Stechel, R and Azari, BM},
title = {Management of COVID-19 myopericarditis with reversal of cardiac dysfunction after blunting of cytokine storm: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa224},
pmid = {33089055},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a syndrome that has been associated with multiple cardiac complications including myopericarditis. The pathophysiology and treatment for myopericarditis in the setting of COVID-19 infection is still under investigation.<br><br>Case summary: We present a case of a 60-year-old male admitted for dyspnoea due to COVID-19. He developed new ST-segment elevation, elevated cardiac enzymes, severe left ventricular dysfunction, and high inflammatory markers in the setting of haemodynamic and respiratory collapse from the viral illness. He was diagnosed with COVID-19-induced myopericarditis. He showed rapid clinical improvement with a rapid wean off pressure support, resolution of electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, and recovery of left ventricular systolic function following treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and methylprednisolone.<br><br>Discussion: COVID-19's complex and devastating complications continue to create new challenges for clinicians. Cardiac complications, specifically, have been shown to be a signal for worse prognosis in these patients. IVIG and steroids can inhibit the inflammatory cascade and decrease myocardial injury, with implications in treatment of severe myopericarditis.},
}
@article {pmid33089054,
year = {2020},
author = {Scacciavillani, R and Iannaccone, G and Del Buono, MG and Bello, G},
title = {Pneumopericardium following mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 pneumonia.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa213},
pmid = {33089054},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33089053,
year = {2020},
author = {Bernal-Torres, W and Herrera-Escandón, Á and Hurtado-Rivera, M and Plata-Mosquera, CA},
title = {COVID-19 fulminant myocarditis: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa212},
pmid = {33089053},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Fulminant myocarditis is a catastrophic disease with high mortality and complications. A viral aetiology is frequent and the implication of SARS-CoV-2 is not yet known.<br><br>Case summary: A 38-year-old woman who recently arrived from Spain presented with palpitations that started suddenly 3 days prior to presentation and were associated with haemodynamic instability, without dyspnoea or chest pain. We found features of myopericarditis on the electrocardiogram and severe systolic dysfunction on the echocardiogram. The chest tomography showed findings which suggested COVID-19 infection, and PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive. The cardiac magnetic resonance image showed Lake Louise criteria for myocarditis. The patient was treated with immunomodulatory, steroid, and immunoglobulin therapy, with a favourable clinical response.<br><br>Discussion: The importance of this case lies in highlighting the severe cardiac involvement in a young patient, without previous risk factors, positive for COVID-19, and the favourable response to the medical treatment given.},
}
@article {pmid33089052,
year = {2020},
author = {Chitturi, KR and Thacker, S and Al-Saadi, MA and Kassi, M},
title = {Successful treatment of acute heart failure in COVID-19-induced cytokine storm with tocilizumab: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa188},
pmid = {33089052},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: SARS-CoV-2 is known to induce a cytokine storm, a hyperinflammatory state driven by up-regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and immunomodulatory chemokines that may result in acute heart failure.<br><br>Case summary: A 65-year-old woman with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 developed shock with multiorgan system failure, including acute biventricular heart failure, 2 weeks after the initial onset of fever, cough, and shortness of breath. The patient experienced myocardial recovery within 48 h after administration of tocilizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, and multiple supportive vasoactive medications.<br><br>Discussion: The differential diagnosis of acute heart failure in critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection is broad, including sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy, Takotsubo syndrome, viral lymphocytic myocarditis, and acute coronary syndrome. Immunomodulatory treatment with tocilizumab may benefit patients who develop cardiogenic shock associated with SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm.},
}
@article {pmid33089051,
year = {2020},
author = {Lugenbiel, P and Roth, L and Seiz, M and Zeier, M and Katus, HA and Merle, U and Schweizer, PA},
title = {The arrhythmogenic face of COVID-19: Brugada ECG pattern during acute infection.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa230},
pmid = {33089051},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33089050,
year = {2020},
author = {Semedo, E and Kapel, GF and van Opstal, J and van Dessel, PFHM},
title = {Drug-induced 'Torsade de Pointes' in a COVID-19 patient despite discontinuation of chloroquine. Importance of its long half-life: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa218},
pmid = {33089050},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Early studies have led to the repositioning of a subgroup of antimalarial agents (e.g. chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine) as antiviral treatment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. These drugs are now being prescribed based on small non-controlled studies, but larger controlled studies have yet to demonstrate the positive effect of these drugs. In addition, these drugs are also known for their QT interval-prolonging effect associated with significant morbidity and mortality.<br><br>Case summary: We present a case of a 66-year-old female admitted to the intensive care unit with respiratory failure due to COVID-19. She was treated with chloroquine (QTc interval at baseline was 429 ms). Despite cessation of chloroquine, but after the start of erythromycin, she developed severe QTc interval prolongation (QTc interval 550 ms) and 'Torsade de Pointes'. Two weeks after cessation of all QTc interval-prolonging drugs, the QTc interval was restored.<br><br>Discussion: The elimination half-life of chloroquine ranges from days up to weeks. Even after discontinuation of chloroquine, ECG monitoring in COVID-19 patients is warranted. We recommend observation of the QT interval after cessation of chloroquine in cases where other potentially QT interval-prolonging drugs are introduced.},
}
@article {pmid33089049,
year = {2020},
author = {Reid, N and Carey, D and Lang, M and Som, A and Cochran, RL and Alkasab, T and Little, BP},
title = {Intracardiac and aortic thrombi in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa199},
pmid = {33089049},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33089048,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, LY and Ng, GYP},
title = {COVID-19 treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir resulting in sick sinus syndrome: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa171},
pmid = {33089048},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: COVID-19 infection is the most serious global public health crisis of the century. With no approved treatments against it, investigational treatments are being used despite limited safety data. Besides being at higher risk of complications of COVID-19 infection, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease are more likely to develop cardiac-related side effects of treatment. We present a case of sinus arrest with junctional escape related to lopinavir-ritonavir.<br><br>Case summary: A 67-year-old man, with underlying stable ischaemic heart disease, acquired COVID-19 infection. He had a prolonged duration of fever and cough. He subsequently developed acute respiratory distress and required intensive care unit (ICU) care. Given his severe infection, he was started on lopinavir-ritonavir. Hydroxychloroquine was not used as he had a prolonged QTc interval. During observation in the ICU, the patient developed recurrent episodes of sinus arrest with junctional escape. Initial concerns were of myocarditis, but he had no ST-segment changes on ECG, with mild elevations of highly sensitive troponin I and a normal transthoracic echocardiogram. A multidisciplinary team discussion involving the intensivist, infectious disease physicians, and cardiologist; the decision was made to stop treatment with lopinavir-ritonavir. Within 48 h, the bradyarrhythmia resolved. The patient did not require transvenous and permanent pacemaker insertion.<br><br>Conclusion: Current efficacy and safety evidence of lopinavir-ritonavir as a treatment in COVID-19 patients is limited. Although uncommonly reported, those with underlying cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of bradyarrhythmia-related adverse effects of lopinavir-ritonavir. When initiating investigational therapies, especially in patients with cardiovascular conditions, adequate counselling and close monitoring are required.},
}
@article {pmid33089047,
year = {2020},
author = {Janus, SE and Hajjari, J and Cunningham, MJ and Hoit, BD},
title = {COVID19: a case report of thrombus in transit.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa189},
pmid = {33089047},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused significant morbidity and mortality, not only through devastating lung injury, but also due to multiple malfunctions in the cardiovascular system. The primary aetiology is believed to be mediated through lung alveolar injury; however, a few published reports have linked SARS-CoV-2 to significant organ dysfunction, venous thrombo-embolism, and coagulopathy. In view of the fact that the utility of tissue plasminogen activator in this population is not well studied, we present this case of rapid improvement in oxygenation after successful lytic therapy for thrombus in transit in this patient with SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>Case summary: We discuss a patient admitted with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Due to the development of dramatic hypoxia, he underwent echocardiography which demonstrated extensive thrombus in transit. He received successful thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator, with subsequent improvement in oxygenation. The patient was successfully discharged home on 2 L of oxygen via nasal cannula, and continues to improve at follow-up with his cardiologist and primary care physician.<br><br>Conclusion: This case not only highlights embolic causes of hypoxia in SARS-CoV-2, but demonstrates the important utility of an echocardiogram and tissue plasminogen activator in this population.},
}
@article {pmid33089046,
year = {2020},
author = {Mitacchione, G and Schiavone, M and Gasperetti, A and Forleo, GB},
title = {Ventricular tachycardia storm management in a COVID-19 patient: a case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa217},
pmid = {33089046},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with myocardial involvement. Among cardiovascular manifestations, cardiac arrhythmias seem to be fairly common, although no specifics are reported in the literature. An increased risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias and electrical storm (ES) has to be considered.<br><br>Case summary: We describe a 68-year-old patient with a previous history of coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic disfunction, who presented to our emergency department describing cough, dizziness, fever, and shortness of breath. She was diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia, confirmed after three nasopharyngeal swabs. Ventricular tachycardia (VT) storm with multiple implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks was the presenting manifestation of cardiac involvement during the COVID-19 clinical course. A substrate-based VT catheter ablation procedure was successfully accomplished using a remote navigation system. The patient recovered from COVID-19 and did not experience further ICD interventions.<br><br>Discussion: To date, COVID-19 pneumonia associated with a VT storm as the main manifestation of cardiac involvement has never been reported. This case highlights the role of COVID-19 in precipitating ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic cardiomyopathy who were previously stable.},
}
@article {pmid33089045,
year = {2020},
author = {Schnaubelt, S and Breyer, MK and Siller-Matula, J and Domanovits, H},
title = {Atrial fibrillation: a risk factor for unfavourable outcome in COVID-19? A case report.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa166},
pmid = {33089045},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Fulminant cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients has been reported; the underlying suspected mechanisms include myocarditis, arrhythmia, and cardiac tamponade. In parallel, atrial fibrillation is common in the elderly population which is at particularly high risk for COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.<br><br>Case summary: A 72-year-old male SARS-CoV2-positive patient was admitted to the intensive care unit due to delirium and acute respiratory failure. Atrial fibrillation known from history was exacerbated, and made complex rate and rhythm control necessary. Progressive heart failure with haemodynamic deterioration and acute kidney injury with the need for continuous renal replacement therapy were further aggravated by pericardial tamponade.<br><br>Discussion: Treatment of acute heart failure in COVID-19 patients with a cytokine storm complicated by tachycardic atrial fibrillation should include adequate rate or rhythm control, and potentially immunomodulation.},
}
@article {pmid33089044,
year = {2020},
author = {Fischer, Q and Darmon, A and Ducrocq, G and Feldman, L},
title = {Case report of anterior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in a patient with coronavirus disease-2019.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa131},
pmid = {33089044},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease appeared in China in December 2019 and, since then, has spread worldwide at a rapid pace.<br><br>Case summary: A patient with COVID-19 was hospitalized in our institution for a diabetic foot ulcer and presented afterwards a pulmonary oedema and concomitant anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. We report here on the initial presentation, coronary care and intervention, and clinical course of this patient.<br><br>Discussion: Emergent percutaneous coronary intervention is feasible and safe in COVID-19 patients but requires a multidisciplinary effort involving caregivers from infectious disease, intensive care, and cardiology teams.},
}
@article {pmid33089043,
year = {2020},
author = {Monmeneu, JV and Dominguez Mafe, E and Andres Soler, J and Ventura Perez, B and Solsona Caravaca, J and Broseta Torres, R and García-Gonzalez, P and Higueras Ortega, L and Lopez-Lereu, MP and Maceira, AM},
title = {Subacute perimyocarditis in a young patient with COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa157},
pmid = {33089043},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33089042,
year = {2020},
author = {Demertzis, ZD and Dagher, C and Malette, KM and Fadel, RA and Bradley, PB and Brar, I and Rabbani, BT and Suleyman, G},
title = {Cardiac sequelae of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a clinical case series.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa179},
pmid = {33089042},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 most commonly manifests with fever and respiratory illness. The cardiovascular manifestations have become more prevalent but can potentially go unrecognized. We look to describe cardiac manifestations in three patients with COVID-19 using cardiac enzymes, electrocardiograms, and echocardiography.<br><br>Case summaries: The first patient, a 67-year-old Caucasian female with non-ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy, presented with dyspnoea on exertion and orthopnoea 1 week after testing positive for COVID-19. Echocardiogram revealed large pericardial effusion with findings consistent with tamponade. A pericardial drain was placed, and fluid studies were consistent with viral pericarditis, treated with colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, and methylprednisolone. Follow-up echocardiograms showed apical hypokinesis, that later resolved, consistent with Takotsubo syndrome. The second patient, a 46-year-old African American male with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with fevers, cough, and dyspnoea due to COVID-19. Clinical course was complicated with pulseless electrical activity arrest; he was found to have D-dimer and troponin elevation, and inferior wall ST elevation on ECG concerning for STEMI due to microemboli. The patient succumbed to the illness. The third patient, a 76-year-old African American female with hypertension, presented with diarrhoea, fever, and myalgia, and was found to be COVID-19 positive. Clinical course was complicated, with acute troponin elevation, decreased cardiac index, and severe hypokinesis of the basilar wall suggestive of reverse Takotsubo syndrome. The cardiac index improved after pronation and non-STEMI therapy; however, the patient expired due to worsening respiratory status.<br><br>Discussion: These case reports demonstrate cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 that required monitoring and urgent intervention.},
}
@article {pmid33089041,
year = {2020},
author = {Sassone, B and Muser, D and Bruno, A and Campo, G and Righi, R and Zerbini, M and Rizzati, R},
title = {Concealed SARS-CoV-2 interstitial pneumonia unmasked by infarct-like acute myocarditis.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa158},
pmid = {33089041},
issn = {2514-2119},
}
@article {pmid33089040,
year = {2020},
author = {Albiero, R and Seresini, G},
title = {Atherosclerotic spontaneous coronary artery dissection (A-SCAD) in a patient with COVID-19: case report and possible mechanisms.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa133},
pmid = {33089040},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) may be atherosclerotic (A-SCAD) or non-atherosclerotic (NA-SCAD) in origin. Contemporary usage of the term 'SCAD' is typically synonymous with NA-SCAD. COVID-19 could induce a vascular inflammation localized in the coronary adventitia and periadventitial fat and contribute to the development of an A-SCAD of a vulnerable plaque in a susceptible patient.<br><br>Case summary: In this report we describe a case of a COVID-19 patient with past cardiac history of CAD who was admitted for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Coronary angiography demonstrated the culprit lesion in the proximal LAD that presented with a very complex and unusual morphology, indicative of an A-SCAD. The diagnosis of A-SCAD was supported by the presence of a mild stenosis in the same coronary segment in the last angiogram performed 3 years previously. He was successfully treated by PCI, had a favourable course of the COVID-19 with no symptoms of pneumonia, and was discharged from the hospital after two negative tests for SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>Discussion: A higher index of suspicion of A-SCAD is needed in patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 presenting with ACS. The proposed approach with 'thrombolysis first' for treating STEMI patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection could be unsafe in the case of underlying A-SCAD.},
}
@article {pmid33089039,
year = {2020},
author = {Peigh, G and Leya, MV and Baman, JR and Cantey, EP and Knight, BP and Flaherty, JD},
title = {Novel coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) associated sinus node dysfunction: a case series.},
journal = {European heart journal. Case reports},
volume = {4},
number = {FI1},
pages = {1-6},
doi = {10.1093/ehjcr/ytaa132},
pmid = {33089039},
issn = {2514-2119},
abstract = {Background: Novel coronavirus-19 disease (COVID-19) is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To date, there have not been reports of sinus node dysfunction (SND) associated with COVID-19. This case series describes clinical characteristics, potential mechanisms, and short-term outcomes of COVID-19 patients who experience de novo SND.<br><br>Case summary: We present two cases of new-onset SND in patients recently diagnosed with COVID-19. Patient 1 is a 70-year-old female with no major past medical history who was intubated for acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia and developed new-onset sinus bradycardia without a compensatory increase in heart rate in response to relative hypotension. Patient 2 is an 81-year-old male with a past medical history of an ascending aortic aneurysm, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnoea who required intubation for COVID-19-induced acute hypoxic respiratory failure and exhibited new-onset sinus bradycardia followed by numerous episodes of haemodynamically significant accelerated idioventricular rhythm. Two weeks following the onset of SND, both patients remain in sinus bradycardia.<br><br>Discussion: COVID-19-associated SND has not previously been described. The potential mechanisms for SND in patients with COVID-19 include myocardial inflammation or direct viral infiltration. Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 should be monitored closely for the development of bradyarrhythmia and haemodynamic instability.},
}
@article {pmid33089038,
year = {2020},
author = {Fomina, DS and Lysenko, MA and Beloglazova, IP and Mutovina, ZY and Poteshkina, NG and Samsonova, IV and Kruglova, TS and Chernov, AA and Karaulov, AV},
title = {Temporal Clinical and Laboratory Response to Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade With Tocilizumab in 89 Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.},
journal = {Pathogens &amp; immunity},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {327-341},
doi = {10.20411/pai.v5i1.392},
pmid = {33089038},
issn = {2469-2964},
abstract = {Background: Pandemic COVID-19 pneumonia due to SARS-2 is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Emerging evidence links poor outcomes to an inflammatory cytokine storm.<br><br>Methods: We treated 89 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and heightened systemic inflammation (elevated serum C reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels) with an infusion of tocilizumab (TCZ), a human monoclonal IgG1 antibody to the interleukin-6 receptor.<br><br>Results: Clinical and laboratory evidence of improvement was evident when baseline and 1-2-day post-infusion indices were compared. Among the 72 patients receiving supplemental oxygen without mechanical ventilation, severity of condition on the NEWS2 scale scores fell from 5 to 2 (P<0.001), C reactive protein levels fell from 95 to 14 mg/L (P<0.001), and lymphocyte counts rose from 900 to 1000/uL (P=0.036). Sixty-three of 72 patients were discharged from the hospital, one patient died, and eight patients remained in the hospital at the time of this writing. Among the 17 patients receiving mechanical ventilation, despite a rapid decrease in CRP levels from 89 to 35 mg/L (P=0.014) and early improvements in NEWS2 scores in 10 of 17 patients, 10 patients ultimately died and the other seven remain in the hospital at the time of this writing. Overall, mortality was only seen in patients who had markedly elevated CRP levels (>30 mg/L) and low lymphocyte counts (<1000/uL) before TCZ administration.<br><br>Conclusions: Inflammation and lymphocytopenia are linked to mortality in COVID-19. Inhibition of IL-6 activity by administration of tocilizumab, an anti-IL-6 receptor antibody, is associated with rapid improvement in both CRP and lymphocyte counts and in clinical indices. Controlled clinical trials are needed to confirm the utility of IL-6 blockade in this setting. Additional interventions will be needed for patients requiring mechanical ventilation.},
}
@article {pmid33089037,
year = {2020},
author = {Hornick, A and Tashtish, N and Osnard, M and Shah, B and Bradigan, A and Albar, Z and Tomalka, J and Dalton, J and Sharma, A and Sekaly, RP and Hejal, R and Simon, DI and Zidar, DA and Al-Kindi, SG and , },
title = {Anisocytosis is Associated With Short-Term Mortality in COVID-19 and May Reflect Proinflammatory Signature in Uninfected Ambulatory Adults.},
journal = {Pathogens &amp; immunity},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {312-326},
doi = {10.20411/pai.v5i1.391},
pmid = {33089037},
issn = {2469-2964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Red cell distribution width (RDW), a measure of anisocytosis, is observed in chronic inflammation and is a prognostic marker in critically ill patients without COVID-19, but data in COVID-19 are limited.<br><br>METHODS: Between March 12 and April 19, 2020, 282 individuals with confirmed COVID-19 and RDW available within 7 days prior to COVID-19 confirmation were evaluated. Individuals were grouped by quartiles of RDW. Association between quartiles of RDW and mortality was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test. The association between RDW and all-cause mortality was further assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Plasma cytokine levels in uninfected ambulatory adults without cardiovascular disease (n=38) were measured and bivariate Spearman correlations and principle components analysis were used to identify relationships between cytokine concentrations with RDW.<br><br>RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, race, cardiovascular disease, and hemoglobin, there was an association between RDW and mortality (Quartile 4 vs Quartile 1: HR 4.04 [1.08-15.07]), with each 1% increment in RDW associated with a 39% increased rate of mortality (HR 1.39 [1.21-1.59]). Remote RDW was also associated with mortality after COVID-19 infection. Among uninfected ambulatory adults without cardiovascular disease, RDW was associated with elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL8, IL6, IL1b), but not regulatory cytokines (TGFb).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Anisocytosis predicts short-term mortality in COVID-19 patients, often predates viral exposure, and may be related to a pro-inflammatory phenotype. Additional study of whether the RDW can assist in the early identification of pending cytokine storm is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid33089000,
year = {2020},
author = {Shpichka, A and Bikmulina, P and Peshkova, M and Kosheleva, N and Zurina, I and Zahmatkesh, E and Khoshdel-Rad, N and Lipina, M and Golubeva, E and Butnaru, D and Svistunov, A and Vosough, M and Timashev, P},
title = {Engineering a Model to Study Viral Infections: Bioprinting, Microfluidics, and Organoids to Defeat Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {International journal of bioprinting},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {302},
doi = {10.18063/ijb.v6i4.302},
pmid = {33089000},
issn = {2424-8002},
abstract = {While the number of studies related to severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is constantly growing, it is essential to provide a framework of modeling viral infections. Therefore, this review aims to describe the background presented by earlier used models for viral studies and an approach to design an &quot;ideal&quot; tissue model for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the previous successful achievements in antiviral research and tissue engineering, combining the emerging techniques such as bioprinting, microfluidics, and organoid formation are considered to be one of the best approaches to form in vitro tissue models. The fabrication of an integrated multi-tissue bioprinted platform tailored for SARS-CoV-2 infection can be a great breakthrough that can help defeat coronavirus disease in 2019.},
}
@article {pmid33088997,
year = {2020},
author = {Celik, HK and Kose, O and Ulmeanu, ME and Rennie, AEW and Abram, TN and Akinci, I},
title = {Design and Additive Manufacturing of Medical Face Shield for Healthcare Workers Battling Coronavirus (COVID-19).},
journal = {International journal of bioprinting},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {286},
doi = {10.18063/ijb.v6i4.286},
pmid = {33088997},
issn = {2424-8002},
abstract = {During the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, the demand for specific medical equipment such as personal protective equipment has rapidly exceeded the available supply around the world. Specifically, simple medical equipment such as medical gloves, aprons, goggles, surgery masks, and medical face shields have become highly in demand in the health-care sector in the face of this rapidly developing pandemic. This difficult period strengthens the social solidarity to an extent parallel to the escalation of this pandemic. Education and government institutions, commercial and noncommercial organizations and individual homemakers have produced specific medical equipment by means of additive manufacturing (AM) technology, which is the fastest way to create a product, providing their support for urgent demands within the health-care services. Medical face shields have become a popular item to produce, and many design variations and prototypes have been forthcoming. Although AM technology can be used to produce several types of noncommercial equipment, this rapid manufacturing approach is limited by its longer production time as compared to conventional serial/mass production and the high demand. However, most of the individual designer/maker-based face shields are designed with little appreciation of clinical needs and nonergonomic. They also lack of professional product design and are not designed according to AM (Design for AM [DfAM]) principles. Consequently, the production time of up to 4 - 5 h for some products of these designs is needed. Therefore, a lighter, more ergonomic, single frame medical face shield without extra components to assemble would be useful, especially for individual designers/makers and noncommercial producers to increase productivity in a shorter timeframe. In this study, a medical face shield that is competitively lighter, relatively more ergonomic, easy to use, and can be assembled without extra components (such as elastic bands, softening materials, and clips) was designed. The face shield was produced by AM with a relatively shorter production time. Subsequently, finite element analysis-based structural design verification was performed, and a three-dimensional (3D) prototype was produced by an original equipment manufacturer 3D printer (Fused Deposition Modeling). This study demonstrated that an original face shield design with <10 g material usage per single frame was produced in under 45 min of fabrication time. This research also provides a useful product DfAM of simple medical equipment such as face shields through advanced engineering design, simulation, and AM applications as an essential approach to battling coronavirus-like viral pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid33088995,
year = {2020},
author = {Bishop, EG and Leigh, SJ},
title = {Using Large-Scale Additive Manufacturing as a Bridge Manufacturing Process in Response to Shortages in Personal Protective Equipment during the COVID-19 Outbreak.},
journal = {International journal of bioprinting},
volume = {6},
number = {4},
pages = {281},
doi = {10.18063/ijb.v6i4.281},
pmid = {33088995},
issn = {2424-8002},
abstract = {The global coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has led to an international shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), with traditional supply chains unable to cope with the significant demand leading to critical shortfalls. A number of open and crowdsourcing initiatives have sought to address this shortfall by producing equipment such as protective face shields using additive manufacturing techniques such as fused filament fabrication (FFF). This paper reports the process of designing and manufacturing protective face shields using large-scale additive manufacturing (LSAM) to produce the major thermoplastic components of the face shield. LSAM offers significant advantages over other additive manufacturing technologies in bridge manufacturing scenarios as a true transition between prototypes and mass production techniques such as injection molding. In the context of production of COVID-19 face shields, the ability to produce the optimized components in under 5 min compared to what would typically take 1 - 2 h using another additive manufacturing technologies meant that significant production volume could be achieved rapidly with minimal staffing.},
}
@article {pmid33088916,
year = {2020},
author = {Shawaqfeh, MS and Al Bekairy, AM and Al-Azayzih, A and Alkatheri, AA and Qandil, AM and Obaidat, AA and Al Harbi, S and Muflih, SM},
title = {Pharmacy Students Perceptions of Their Distance Online Learning Experience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study.},
journal = {Journal of medical education and curricular development},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {2382120520963039},
doi = {10.1177/2382120520963039},
pmid = {33088916},
issn = {2382-1205},
abstract = {Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic imposed dramatic changes on educational practices worldwide. Many universities and schools have moved into the delivery of their courses and educational programs utilizing fully electronic online modes. This study aims to evaluate the pharmacy student distance online learning experience during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Methods: A cross-sectional survey was utilized where a 3-domain survey questionnaire focused on preparedness, attitude and barriers was distributed to students at the time of conclusion of the semester. Each domain consists of multiple questions that made up a score that reflects their preparedness, attitude as well as barriers relevant to distance online learning experience. The survey was voluntarily, and all data were collected and recorded via google forms with maintaining anonymity.<br><br>Results: The response rate was about 75% (n = 309). The results' analysis revealed no gender differences in any of these domains. However, there were some variable responses among different educational levels. The average preparedness score was 32.8 ± 7.2 (Max 45), the average attitude score was 66.8 ± 16.6 (Max 105), and the average barrier score was 43.6 ± 12.0 (Max 75). There was statistical significance difference in both preparedness score and attitude scores between different professional years (P-value <.05). However, there was no difference in barrier scores among all professional years. The results indicated that about 61.4% of the students agreed on that college of pharmacy was well-prepared and ready for the online education during the emerging COVID-19 pandemic with complete transition into online education. The results also indicated that 49.2% of the students showed positive attitude toward the provided online learning. The results indicated that about 34% of the students identify some barriers toward the provided online learning. Finally, there were strong association between the need for training on how to receive online courses and preparedness and barriers scores.<br><br>Discussion and conclusion: E-learning experience pose challenges and presents opportunities during emergency situations. The need for training for students and faculty was highly associated with the preparedness and barriers domains rather than the infrastructure or computer literacy, so the school can improve their experience by addressing these needs.},
}
@article {pmid33088911,
year = {2020},
author = {Sinard, JH},
title = {An Analysis of the Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Case Volumes in an Academic Subspecialty-Based Anatomic Pathology Practice.},
journal = {Academic pathology},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {2374289520959788},
doi = {10.1177/2374289520959788},
pmid = {33088911},
issn = {2374-2895},
abstract = {The recent COVID pandemic has had a major effect on anatomic pathology specimen volumes across the country. The effect of this pandemic on a subspecialty academic practice is presented. We used a data-driven approach to monitor the changing workloads in a granular fashion and dynamically adjust the scheduling of faculty and histology staff accordingly to minimize the number of people present on-site. At the peak of the pandemic locally, the main hospital in our health system had 450 COVID-positive inpatients. The surgical pathology specimen volume dropped to 13% of the pre-pandemic levels, and this occurred about 2 weeks before the peak of the inpatient census; cytology specimens (the majority of which are outreach gynecological) dropped to approximately 5% of the pre-pandemic volume, 4 weeks before the peak inpatient census. All of the surgical subspecialty services showed a significant decrease in volume, with hematopathology being the least affected (dropped to 30% of the pre-pandemic level). The genitourinary surgical subspecialty service (predominantly prostate and bladder biopsies) was the most affected (dropped to 1% of the pre-pandemic level) but was fastest to return as clinical operations began to return to normal. The only specimen type which showed a significant increase in turnaround time during the pandemic was our gynecologic cytology specimens and that occurred as the specimen volume returned. This was due to stay-at-home directives for the cytotechnologists and the fact that some of them were retasked to participate in our SARS-CoV-2 testing.},
}
@article {pmid33088910,
year = {2020},
author = {Nimer, SD and Chapman, J and Reidy, L and Alencar, A and Wu, Y and Williams, S and Pagan, L and Gjolaj, L and MacIntyre, J and Triana, M and Vance, B and Andrews, D and Fan, YS and Zhou, Y and Martinez, O and Garcia-Buitrago, M and Cray, C and Tekin, M and McCauley, JL and Ruiz, P and Pagan, P and Lamar, W and Alencar, M and Bilbao, D and Prieto, S and Polania, M and Suarez, M and Lujardo, M and Campos, G and Morris, M and Shukla, B and Caban-Martinez, A and Kobetz, E and Parekh, DJ and Jorda, M},
title = {A How-to Guide to Building a Robust SARS-CoV-2 Testing Program at a University-Based Health System.},
journal = {Academic pathology},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {2374289520958200},
doi = {10.1177/2374289520958200},
pmid = {33088910},
issn = {2374-2895},
abstract = {When South Florida became a hot spot for COVID-19 disease in March 2020, we faced an urgent need to develop test capability to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. We assembled a transdisciplinary team of knowledgeable and dedicated physicians, scientists, technologists, and administrators who rapidly built a multiplatform, polymerase chain reaction- and serology-based detection program, established drive-through facilities, and drafted and implemented guidelines that enabled efficient testing of our patients and employees. This process was extremely complex, due to the limited availability of needed reagents, but outreach to our research scientists and multiple diagnostic laboratory companies, and government officials enabled us to implement both Food and Drug Administration authorized and laboratory-developed testing-based testing protocols. We analyzed our workforce needs and created teams of appropriately skilled and certified workers to safely process patient samples and conduct SARS-CoV-2 testing and contact tracing. We initiated smart test ordering, interfaced all testing platforms with our electronic medical record, and went from zero testing capacity to testing hundreds of health care workers and patients daily, within 3 weeks. We believe our experience can inform the efforts of others when faced with a crisis situation.},
}
@article {pmid33088905,
year = {2020},
author = {Oleszak, F and Maryniak, A and Botti, E and Abrahim, C and Salifu, MO and Youssef, M and Henglein, VL and McFarlane, SI},
title = {Myocarditis Associated With COVID-19.},
journal = {American journal of medical case reports},
volume = {8},
number = {12},
pages = {498-502},
doi = {10.12691/ajmcr-8-12-19},
pmid = {33088905},
issn = {2374-216X},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly evolved into a global pandemic, with affecting to-date over 23 million people and causing over 800,000 deaths around the globe. The major pathogenetic mechanisms include inflammation, vasoconstriction and thrombogenesis. Infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) typically manifests as fever, cough, shortness of breath, and exhibits radiographic evidence of bilateral pneumonic infiltrates. Recent meta-analyses have shown that myocardial injury, including viral myocarditis, is prevalent among infected patients, especially in patients requiring ICU level care. Diagnosis of viral myocarditis is multifactorial and involves detection of elevated cardiac biomarkers and echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy, in the absence of diseased coronary arteries. Endomyocardial biopsy with histopathologic examination provides definitive confirmation. We present a case of a previously healthy 52-year-old male who presented clinically with suspected myocarditis with new-onset dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and systolic dysfunction as a sequela of infection with SARS-CoV-2. In this report we highlight the clinical presentation of echocardiographic findings and proposed pathogenetic mechanisms of myocarditis associated with COVID-19 which has a varied presentation, ranging from clinically silent to life-threatening arrhythmias with hemodynamic compromise.},
}
@article {pmid33088880,
year = {2020},
author = {Mutlu, EC and Oghaz, T and Jasser, J and Tutunculer, E and Rajabi, A and Tayebi, A and Ozmen, O and Garibay, I},
title = {A stance data set on polarized conversations on Twitter about the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine as a treatment for COVID-19.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {33},
number = {},
pages = {106401},
doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.106401},
pmid = {33088880},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {At the time of this study, the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic has spread significantly across the world. Considering the uncertainty about policies, health risks, financial difficulties, etc. the online media, especially the Twitter platform, is experiencing a high volume of activity related to this pandemic. Among the hot topics, the polarized debates about unconfirmed medicines for the treatment and prevention of the disease have attracted significant attention from online media users. In this work, we present a stance data set, COVID-CQ, of user-generated content on Twitter in the context of COVID-19. We investigated more than 14 thousand tweets and manually annotated the tweet initiators' opinions regarding the use of &quot;chloroquine&quot; and &quot;hydroxychloroquine&quot; for the treatment or prevention of COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, COVID-CQ is the first data set of Twitter users' stances in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the largest Twitter data set on users' stances towards a claim, in any domain. We have made this data set available to the research community via the Mendeley Data repository. We expect this data set to be useful for many research purposes, including stance detection, evolution and dynamics of opinions regarding this outbreak, and changes in opinions in response to the exogenous shocks such as policy decisions and events.},
}
@article {pmid33088852,
year = {2020},
author = {Azouz, H and Gerrits, P and Surhigh, J and Kalladi Puthanpurayil, S},
title = {COVID-19 in an Infant with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A Case Report.},
journal = {Global pediatric health},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {2333794X20958933},
doi = {10.1177/2333794X20958933},
pmid = {33088852},
issn = {2333-794X},
abstract = {In the midst of current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, little is known about the implications of this new virus on patients with underlying chronic comorbidities. Herein, we present a case of a 5-week-old infant with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who acquired SARS-CoV-2 and recovered with minimal medical support.},
}
@article {pmid33088851,
year = {2020},
author = {Nicholas, DB and Belletrutti, M and Dimitropoulos, G and Katz, SL and Rapoport, A and Urschel, S and West, L and Zwaigenbaum, L},
title = {Perceived Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Care in Canada: A Roundtable Discussion.},
journal = {Global pediatric health},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {2333794X20957652},
doi = {10.1177/2333794X20957652},
pmid = {33088851},
issn = {2333-794X},
abstract = {Like other recipients of health care services, pediatric patients and their families/caregivers have been profoundly impacted by health care shifts and broader societal restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. An online roundtable discussion was facilitated with 7 pediatric clinicians and investigators of a current study examining the impacts of COVID-19 on pediatric care at multiple Canadian sites. Discussants represented a range of pediatric specialities: developmental disability, mental health, cardiac transplantation, respiratory medicine, hematology, and palliative care. We offer the transcript of the roundtable in which discussants reflected on clinical and programmatic experiences of the pandemic, including perceived impacts on children receiving care and their families, potential opportunities for improved health care delivery, impacts on health care providers, and recommendations as we move toward easing restrictions and pandemic recovery. Discussants convey a range of considerations that may have varying relevance for pediatric specialities in terms of practice and program planning.},
}
@article {pmid33088847,
year = {2020},
author = {Long, DR and O'Reilly-Shah, V and Rustagi, AS and Bryson-Cahn, C and Jerome, KR and Weiss, NS and Sunshine, JE},
title = {Incidence of Health Care-Associated COVID-19 During Universal Testing of Medical and Surgical Admissions in a Large US Health System.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {ofaa435},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofaa435},
pmid = {33088847},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Concerns about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure in health care settings may cause patients to delay care. Among 2992 patients testing negative on admission to an academic, 3-hospital system, 8 tested positive during hospitalization or within 14 days postdischarge. Following adjudication of each instance, health care-associated infection incidence ranged from 0.8 to 5.0 cases per 10 000 patient-days.},
}
@article {pmid33088846,
year = {2020},
author = {Izzy, S and Tahir, Z and Cote, DJ and Al Jarrah, A and Roberts, MB and Turbett, S and Kadar, A and Smirnakis, SM and Feske, SK and Zafonte, R and Fishman, JA and El Khoury, J},
title = {Characteristics and Outcomes of Latinx Patients With COVID-19 in Comparison With Other Ethnic and Racial Groups.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {ofaa401},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofaa401},
pmid = {33088846},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Background: There is a limited understanding of the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the Latinx population. We hypothesized that Latinx patients would be more likely to be hospitalized and admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) than White patients.<br><br>Methods: We analyzed all patients with COVID-19 in 12 Massachusetts hospitals between February 1 and April 14, 2020. We examined the association between race, ethnicity, age, reported comorbidities, and hospitalization and ICU admission using multivariable regression.<br><br>Results: Of 5190 COVID-19 patients, 29% were hospitalized; 33% required the ICU, and 4.3% died. Forty-six percent of patients were White, 25% Latinx, 14% African American, and 3% Asian American. Ethnicity and race were significantly associated with hospitalization. More Latinx and African American patients in the younger age groups were hospitalized than whites. Latinxs and African Americans disproportionally required the ICU, with 39% of hospitalized Latinx patients requiring the ICU compared with 33% of African Americans, 24% of Asian Americans, and 30% of Whites (P < .007). Within each ethnic and racial group, age and male gender were independently predictive of hospitalization. Previously reported preexisting comorbidities contributed to the need for hospitalization in all racial and ethnic groups (P < .05). However, the observed disparities were less likely related to reported comorbidities, with Latinx and African American patients being admitted at twice the rate of Whites, regardless of such comorbidities.<br><br>Conclusions: Latinx and African American patients with COVID-19 have higher rates of hospitalization and ICU admission than White patients. The etiologies of such disparities are likely multifactorial and cannot be explained only by reported comorbidities.},
}
@article {pmid33088845,
year = {2020},
author = {Huang, D and Shu, W and Li, M and Ma, J and Li, Z and Gong, J and Khattab, NM and Vermund, SH and Hu, Y},
title = {Social Media Survey and Web Posting Assessment of the COVID-19 Response in China: Health Worker Attitudes Toward Preparedness and Personal Protective Equipment Shortages.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {7},
number = {10},
pages = {ofaa400},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofaa400},
pmid = {33088845},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Background: Understanding health worker awareness, attitudes, and self-confidence in the workplace can inform local and global responses toward emerging infectious threats, like the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Availability of accessible personal protective equipment (PPE) is vital to effective care and prevention.<br><br>Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey from February 24 to 28, 2020, to assess COVID-19 preparedness among health workers. In addition, we assessed trends from search engine web crawling and text-mining data trending over the Sina Weibo platform from January 1 to March 3, 2020. Data were abstracted on Chinese outbreak preparedness.<br><br>Results: In the survey, we engaged 6350 persons, of whom 1065 agreed to participate, and after an eligibility logic check, 1052 participated (16.6%). We accessed 412 internet posts as to PPE availability. Health workers who were satisfied with current preparedness to address COVID-19 were more likely to be female, to obtain knowledge about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak from government organizations, and to consider their hospital prepared for outbreak management. Health workers with more confidence in their abilities to respond were those with more faith in their institution's response capacities. Elements of readiness included having airborne infection isolation rooms, visitor control procedures, and training in precautions and PPE use. Both survey and web post assessments suggested that health workers in need were unable to reliably obtain PPE.<br><br>Conclusions: Health workers' self-confidence depends on perceived institutional readiness. Failure to maintain available PPE inventory for emerging infectious diseases preparedness suggests a failure to learn key lessons from the 2003-2004 SARS outbreak in China.},
}
@article {pmid33088836,
year = {2020},
author = {Stokol, T and McAloose, D and Terio, KA and Salguero, FJ},
title = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2): A Perspective Through the Lens of the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {576267},
doi = {10.3389/fvets.2020.576267},
pmid = {33088836},
issn = {2297-1769},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented challenges to veterinary diagnostic laboratories. These challenges include partial or complete shutdowns, interrupted courier services, disruptions in workflow and diagnostic testing, new physical distancing practices, protocol development or enhancement for handling samples from high-risk or susceptible species, and fulfilling requirements for pre-test permission approval from state and federal veterinary agencies, all of which have been implemented to prevent or minimize exposure and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 locally or regionally. As in people, SARS-CoV-2 infects animals through direct animal-to-animal contact and aerosol transmission between animals. Humans can also infect pets or other animals in their care and, although human-to-human transmission is the main route of viral spread in people, infected animals and specimens of their bodily fluids or tissues are a potential source of infection for veterinarians and technical or laboratory personnel that are handling them. In this perspective, we discuss how SARS-CoV-2 has necessitated rapid changes in laboratory operation to minimize zoonotic risk to personnel and to implement tests for identifying the virus in animals. The pandemic has highlighted the adaptability and quick response of veterinary diagnosticians to an emerging infectious disease and their critical role in maintaining animal health, while synergizing with and protecting human public health.},
}
@article {pmid33088827,
year = {2020},
author = {Boden, LA and Auty, HK and Delgado, A and Grewar, JD and Hagerman, AD and Porphyre, T and Russell, GC},
title = {Editorial: Risk-Based Evidence for Animal Health Policy.},
journal = {Frontiers in veterinary science},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {595},
doi = {10.3389/fvets.2020.00595},
pmid = {33088827},
issn = {2297-1769},
}
@article {pmid33088822,
year = {2020},
author = {Johnson, AS and Fatemi, R and Winlow, W},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Bound Human Serum Albumin and Systemic Septic Shock.},
journal = {Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {153},
doi = {10.3389/fcvm.2020.00153},
pmid = {33088822},
issn = {2297-055X},
abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 virus and the subsequent pandemic have driven a great deal of research activity. The effects of COVID-19 are caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and it is the underlying actions of SARs-CoV-2 virions on the endothelial glycocalyx that we consider here. One of the key factors in COVID-19 infection is its almost unique age-related profile, with a doubling in mortality every 10 years after the age of 50. The endothelial glycocalyx layer is essential in maintaining normal fluid homeostasis, but is fragile and prone to pathophysiological damage. It is physiologically significant in capillary microcirculation and in fluid distribution to the tissues. Human serum albumin (HSA), the most abundant protein in plasma, is created in the liver which also maintains its concentration, but this reduces by 10-15% after 50 years of age. HSA transports hormones, free fatty acids and maintains oncotic pressure, but SARS-CoV-2 virions bind competitively to HSA diminishing its normal transport function. Furthermore, hypoalbuminemia is frequently observed in patients with such conditions as diabetes, hypertension, and chronic heart failure, i.e., those most vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hypoalbuminemia, coagulopathy, and vascular disease have been linked in COVID-19 and have been shown to predict outcome independent of age and morbidity. Hypoalbuminemia is also known factor in sepsis and Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) occurs when fluids build-up in the alveoli and it is associated with sepsis, whose mechanism is systemic, being associated with the fluid and logistic mechanisms of the circulation. Glycocalyx damage is associated with changes plasma protein concentration, particularly HSA and blockage of albumin transport can produce the systemic symptoms seen in SARS-CoV-2 infection and sepsis. We therefore conclude that albumin binding to SARS-CoV-2 virions may inhibit the formation of the endothelial glycocalyx by inhibition of albumin transport binding sites. We postulate that albumin therapy to replace bound albumin might alleviate some of the symptoms leading to sepsis and that clinical trials to test this postulation should be initiated as a matter of urgency.},
}
@article {pmid33088807,
year = {2020},
author = {Feng, H and Wei, X and Pang, L and Wu, Y and Hu, B and Ruan, Y and Liu, Z and Liu, J and Wang, T},
title = {Prognostic and Immunological Value of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Pan-Cancer.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {189},
doi = {10.3389/fmolb.2020.00189},
pmid = {33088807},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays a pivotal role in the renin-angiotensin system and is closely related to coronavirus disease of 2019. However, the role of ACE2 in cancers remains unclear. We explored the pan-cancer expression patterns and prognostic value of ACE2 across multiple databases, including Oncomine, PrognoScan, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. Then, we investigated the correlations between ACE2 expression and immune infiltration in cancers. We found that tumor tissues had higher expression levels of ACE2 compared with normal tissue in the kidney and the liver and lower expression levels in the lung. High expression levels of ACE2 were beneficial to survival in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, although this was not the case in lung squamous cell carcinoma. For those with a better prognosis, there were significant positive correlations between ACE2 expression and immune infiltrates, including B cells, CD8 + T cells, CD4 + T cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. In conclusion, ACE2 could serve as a pan-cancer prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltrates.},
}
@article {pmid33088735,
year = {2020},
author = {Saiyad, S and Virk, A and Mahajan, R and Singh, T},
title = {Online Teaching in Medical Training: Establishing Good Online Teaching Practices from Cumulative Experience.},
journal = {International journal of applied &amp; basic medical research},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {149-155},
doi = {10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR_358_20},
pmid = {33088735},
issn = {2229-516X},
abstract = {Online teaching has the potential to transcend geographical boundaries, is flexible, learner centered and can help students develop self-directed learning skills. The recently introduced competency-based curriculum has also advocated e-learning as an indispensable tool for self-directed learning. For effective online learning, good online teaching practices should be adopted. These include alignment of online teaching and learning with delivery of curriculum and objectives, synchronous, and asynchronous interaction between teacher and student, encouraging the development of higher-order thinking skills, active learning, and self-directed learning in students. In addition, good online teaching practices should have an inbuilt component of feedback and provide for effective time management, respect for diverse talents and ways of learning with continuous monitoring and mentoring of the learners. Online assessments, both formative and summative should also aim to ensure student involvement in the process. Capacity building of faculty through faculty development programs for the development of specific competencies such as social competency, pedagogical competency, managerial competency, and technical competency in the times of COVID-19 is now recognized as the need of the hour. Although online teaching and learning in medical education is new, it has the potential to become mainstream in future.},
}
@article {pmid33088671,
year = {2020},
author = {Ram Kumar Pandian, S and Arunachalam, S and Deepak, V and Kunjiappan, S and Sundar, K},
title = {Targeting complement cascade: an alternative strategy for COVID-19.},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {10},
number = {11},
pages = {479},
doi = {10.1007/s13205-020-02464-2},
pmid = {33088671},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {The complement system is a stakeholder of the innate and adaptive immune system and has evolved as a crucial player of defense with multifaceted biological effects. Activation of three complement pathways leads to consecutive enzyme reactions resulting in complement components (C3 and C5), activation of mast cells and neutrophils by anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a), the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) and end up with opsonization. However, the dysregulation of complement cascade leads to unsolicited cytokine storm, inflammation, deterioration of alveolar lining cells, culminating in acquired respiratory destructive syndrome (ARDS). Similar pathogenesis is observed with the middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS), severe acquired respiratory syndrome (SARS), and SARS-CoV-2. Activation of the lectin pathway via mannose-binding lectin associated serine protease 2 (MASP2) is witnessed under discrete viral infections including COVID-19. Consequently, the spontaneous activation and deposits of complement components were traced in animal models and autopsy of COVID-19 patients. Pre-clinical and clinical studies evidence that the inhibition of complement components results in reduced complement deposits on target and non-target tissues, and aid in recovery from the pathological conditions of ARDS. Complement inhibitors (monoclonal antibody, protein, peptide, small molecules, etc.) exhibit great promise in blocking the activity of complement components and its downstream effects under various pathological conditions including SARS-CoV. Therefore, we hypothesize that targeting the potential complement inhibitors and complement cascade to counteract lung inflammation would be a better strategy to treat COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33088633,
year = {2020},
author = {Berrio, A and Gartner, V and Wray, GA},
title = {Positive selection within the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other Coronaviruses independent of impact on protein function.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e10234},
doi = {10.7717/peerj.10234},
pmid = {33088633},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Background: The emergence of a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) associated with severe acute respiratory disease (COVID-19) has prompted efforts to understand the genetic basis for its unique characteristics and its jump from non-primate hosts to humans. Tests for positive selection can identify apparently nonrandom patterns of mutation accumulation within genomes, highlighting regions where molecular function may have changed during the origin of a species. Several recent studies of the SARS-CoV-2 genome have identified signals of conservation and positive selection within the gene encoding Spike protein based on the ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous substitution. Such tests cannot, however, detect changes in the function of RNA molecules.<br><br>Methods: Here we apply a test for branch-specific oversubstitution of mutations within narrow windows of the genome without reference to the genetic code.<br><br>Results: We recapitulate the finding that the gene encoding Spike protein has been a target of both purifying and positive selection. In addition, we find other likely targets of positive selection within the genome of SARS-CoV-2, specifically within the genes encoding Nsp4 and Nsp16. Homology-directed modeling indicates no change in either Nsp4 or Nsp16 protein structure relative to the most recent common ancestor. These SARS-CoV-2-specific mutations may affect molecular processes mediated by the positive or negative RNA molecules, including transcription, translation, RNA stability, and evasion of the host innate immune system. Our results highlight the importance of considering mutations in viral genomes not only from the perspective of their impact on protein structure, but also how they may impact other molecular processes critical to the viral life cycle.},
}
@article {pmid33088628,
year = {2020},
author = {Saraswathi, I and Saikarthik, J and Senthil Kumar, K and Madhan Srinivasan, K and Ardhanaari, M and Gunapriya, R},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the mental health status of undergraduate medical students in a COVID-19 treating medical college: a prospective longitudinal study.},
journal = {PeerJ},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e10164},
doi = {10.7717/peerj.10164},
pmid = {33088628},
issn = {2167-8359},
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is found to affect the mental health of the population. Undergraduate medical students are especially prone to mental health disorders and hence could be more vulnerable to the impact of the pandemic.<br><br>Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 217 undergraduate medical students in a medical college at Chennai, India. Depression, anxiety, and stress levels were recorded using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 Items (DASS21) before and during the COVID-19 outbreak in India in December 2019 and June 2020, respectively. In the follow-up survey, in addition to DASS21, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index to assess sleep quality and a self-administered questionnaire to assess the impact of COVID-19 related stressors were used. The self-administered questionnaire assessed the status of COVID-19 testing, interactions with COVID-19 patients, self-perceived levels of concerns and worries related to academics (COVID-19-AA (academic apprehensions)) and those pertaining to the self and family/friends (COVID-19-GA (general apprehensions)). Cross-sectional and longitudinal comparison of overall scores of depression, anxiety, and stress and scores stratified by gender, year of study, place of residence and monthly family income were performed. Predictors for depression, anxiety, and stress during COVID-19 were investigated using adjusted binary logistic regression analysis and results were expressed as adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.<br><br>Results: The average scores of depression, anxiety, and stress during the baseline survey were 7.55 ± 7.86, 4.6 ± 6.19 and 7.31 ± 7.34 with the prevalence (95% Cl) of 33.2% [27-39.9%], 21.2% [16-27.2%] and 20.7% [15.5-26.7%]; in follow-up survey, the mean scores were 8.16 ± 8.9, 6.11 ± 7.13 and 9.31 ± 8.18 with the prevalence being 35.5% [29.1-42.2%], 33.2% [27-39.9%] and 24.9% [19.3-31.2%] for depression, anxiety, and stress respectively. There was a significant increase in both the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress (P < 0.001), with depression remaining unchanged during COVID-19, irrespective of gender, year of study, place of residence and family's monthly income. Poor sleep quality, higher levels of baseline depression, anxiety, and stress, higher COVID-19-GA, COVID-19 patients in family/friends and direct interactions with COVID-19 patients were found to be significant predictors of negative mental health in undergraduate medical students. COVID-19-AA was not significantly associated with depression, anxiety, and stress.<br><br>Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic appears to negatively affect the mental health of the undergraduate medical students with the prevalence and levels of anxiety and stress being increased, and depression symptoms remaining unaltered. Addressing and mitigating the negative effect of COVID-19 on the mental health of this population is crucial.},
}
@article {pmid33088593,
year = {2020},
author = {Kurup, D and Wirblich, C and Ramage, H and Schnell, MJ},
title = {Rabies virus-based COVID-19 vaccine CORAVAX™ induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {NPJ vaccines},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {98},
doi = {10.1038/s41541-020-00248-6},
pmid = {33088593},
issn = {2059-0105},
abstract = {The recently emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, is rapidly spreading in the world. The exponentially expanding threat of SARS-CoV-2 to global health highlights the urgent need for a vaccine. Herein we show the rapid development of a novel, highly efficient, and safe COVID-19 vaccine using a rabies virus-based vector that has proven to be an efficient vaccine against several emerging infectious diseases. This study reports that both a live and an inactivated rabies virus containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 protein induces potent virus-neutralizing antibodies at much higher levels than seen in the sera of convalescent patients. In summary, the results provided here warrant further development of this safe and established vaccine platform against COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33088576,
year = {2020},
author = {Brouqui, P and Giraud-Gatineau, A and Raoult, D},
title = {Critical reappraisal of remdesivir investigational trials in COVID-19.},
journal = {New microbes and new infections},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {100745},
doi = {10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100745},
pmid = {33088576},
issn = {2052-2975},
abstract = {During disease outbreaks, the pharmaceutical industry generally puts a lot of effort into promoting clinical trials studying their new drugs. We review evidence of the ten most recent reports on remdesivir. We conclude that it is far too premature to identify remdesivir as a curative or life-saving intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33088575,
year = {2020},
author = {Roussel, Y and Raoult, D},
title = {Influence of conflicts of interest on public positions in the COVID-19 era, the case of Gilead Sciences.},
journal = {New microbes and new infections},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {100710},
doi = {10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100710},
pmid = {33088575},
issn = {2052-2975},
abstract = {Funding and gifts from the pharmaceutical industry have an influence on the decisions made by physicians and medical experts. In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic, several treatments are available to treat patients infected with the virus. Some are protected by patents, such as remdesivir, others0020stare not, such as hydroxychloroquine. We wanted to observe the possible correlation between the fact, for an academic doctor in infectious diseases, of having benefited from funding by Gilead Sciences, producer of remdesivir, and the public positions taken by this doctor towards hydroxychloroquine. Our results show a correlation (Spearman test, p = 0.017) between the amount received from the Gilead Sciences company and public opposition to the use of hydroxychloroquine in France. This should open up the debate on the role of the interest links of doctors with pharmaceutical companies in the medical and scientific public debate.},
}
@article {pmid33088574,
year = {2020},
author = {Million, M and Gautret, P and Colson, P and Roussel, Y and Dubourg, G and Chabriere, E and Honore, S and Rolain, JM and Fenollar, F and Fournier, PE and Lagier, JC and Parola, P and Brouqui, P and Raoult, D},
title = {Clinical efficacy of chloroquine derivatives in COVID-19 infection: comparative meta-analysis between the big data and the real world.},
journal = {New microbes and new infections},
volume = {38},
number = {},
pages = {100709},
doi = {10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100709},
pmid = {33088574},
issn = {2052-2975},
abstract = {In the context of the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, we conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of chloroquine derivatives in patients, based on unpublished and published reports available publicly on the internet as of 27 May 2020. The keywords 'hydroxychloroquine', 'chloroquine', 'coronavirus', 'COVID-19' and 'SARS-Cov-2' were used in the PubMed, Google Scholar and Google search engines without any restrictions as to date or language. Twenty studies were identified involving 105 040 patients (19 270 treated patients) from nine countries (Brazil, China, France, Iran, Saudi Arabia, South Korea, Spain and the USA). Big data observational studies were associated with conflict of interest, lack of treatment dosage and duration, and absence of favourable outcome. Clinical studies were associated with favourable outcomes and details on therapy. Among clinical studies, three of four randomized controlled trials reported a significant favourable effect. Among clinical studies, a significant favourable summary effect was observed for duration of cough (OR 0.19, p 0.00003), duration of fever (OR 0.11, p 0.039), clinical cure (OR 0.21, p 0.0495), death (OR 0.32, p 4.1 × 10-6) and viral shedding (OR 0.43, p 0.031). A trend for a favourable effect was noted for the outcome 'death and/or intensive care unit transfer' (OR 0.29, p 0.069) with a point estimate remarkably similar to that observed for death (∼0.3). In conclusion, a meta-analysis of publicly available clinical reports demonstrates that chloroquine derivatives are effective to improve clinical and virological outcomes, but, more importantly, they reduce mortality by a factor of 3 in patients with COVID-19. Big data are lacking basic treatment definitions and are linked to conflict of interest. The retraction of the only big data study associated with a significantly deleterious effect the day after (June 5, 2020) the acceptance of the present work (June 4, 2020) confirms the relevance of this work.},
}
@article {pmid33088506,
year = {2020},
author = {Galeotti, C and Kaveri, SV and Bayry, J},
title = {Intravenous immunoglobulin immunotherapy for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Clinical &amp; translational immunology},
volume = {9},
number = {10},
pages = {e1198},
doi = {10.1002/cti2.1198},
pmid = {33088506},
issn = {2050-0068},
abstract = {Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), a pooled normal IgG from several thousand healthy donors and one of the commonly used immunotherapeutic molecules for the management of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, has been explored for the treatment of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). Although placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised clinical trials are lacking, current data from either retrospective, case series or open-label randomised controlled trials provide an indicator that IVIG immunotherapy could benefit severe and critically ill COVID-19 patients. See alsoShao et al.},
}
@article {pmid33088473,
year = {2020},
author = {Schmidtmann, G and Logan, AJ and Carbon, CC and Loong, JT and Gold, I},
title = {In the Blink of an Eye: Reading Mental States From Briefly Presented Eye Regions.},
journal = {i-Perception},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {2041669520961116},
doi = {10.1177/2041669520961116},
pmid = {33088473},
issn = {2041-6695},
abstract = {Faces provide not only cues to an individual's identity, age, gender, and ethnicity but also insight into their mental states. The aim was to investigate the temporal aspects of processing of facial expressions of complex mental states for very short presentation times ranging from 12.5 to 100 ms in a four-alternative forced choice paradigm based on Reading the Mind in the Eyes test. Results show that participants are able to recognise very subtle differences between facial expressions; performance is better than chance, even for the shortest presentation time. Importantly, we show for the first time that observers can recognise these expressions based on information contained in the eye region only. These results support the hypothesis that the eye region plays a particularly important role in social interactions and that the expressions in the eyes are a rich source of information about other peoples' mental states. When asked to what extent the observers guessed during the task, they significantly underestimated their ability to make correct decisions, yet perform better than chance, even for very brief presentation times. These results are particularly relevant in the light of the current COVID-19 pandemic and the associated wearing of face coverings.},
}
@article {pmid33088448,
year = {2020},
author = {Karamouzian, M},
title = {Effective Public Health Communication in the COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {120},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_247_20},
pmid = {33088448},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088437,
year = {2020},
author = {Ahmadi Hedayati, M},
title = {Ambient Temperature Interferes with COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {109},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_204_20},
pmid = {33088437},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088436,
year = {2020},
author = {Iglesias-Osores, S and Saavedra-Camacho, JL},
title = {Can Behavioral Science Help Us Fight COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {108},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_229_20},
pmid = {33088436},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088435,
year = {2020},
author = {Sriwijitalai, W and Tan Tan, U and Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Expected Rate of COVID-19 among Returning Myanmar Workers from Working in Nearby Country to their Homeland.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {107},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_160_20},
pmid = {33088435},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088434,
year = {2020},
author = {Sookaromdee, P and Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Tourist Driver and Preventive Practice against COVID-19: A Short Report from Situation in Siem Reap Cambodia.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {106},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_155_20},
pmid = {33088434},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088433,
year = {2020},
author = {Sriwijitalai, W and Wiwnaitkit, V},
title = {Estimated Rate of Neglected COVID-19 Reporting According to Legal Surveillance System Implication on Problem of Disease Control.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {105},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_150_20},
pmid = {33088433},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088432,
year = {2020},
author = {Mungmungpuntipantip, R and Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Human to Human Transmission of Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Infection outside China: Situation of the First Case and What's the Source of Infection?.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {104},
doi = {10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_46_20},
pmid = {33088432},
issn = {2008-7802},
}
@article {pmid33088398,
year = {2020},
author = {Krati, K and Rizkou, J and Errami, AA and Essaadouni, L},
title = {Differential diagnosis of COVID-19 in symptomatic patients at the University Hospital Center Mohammed VI, Marrakesh.},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {269},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2020.36.269.24558},
pmid = {33088398},
issn = {1937-8688},
abstract = {Introduction: coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 was first reported in Wuhan, China. Clinical spectrum of this disease has nonspecific symptoms shared by many other frequent infectious diseases of the respiratory tract and other respiratory tract diseases. This study explains the importance of differential diagnosis between COVID-19 and other lung diseases.<br><br>Methods: we analyzed in this study, the demographic features, clinical presentations, laboratory data and radiologic findings of the COVID-19 patients in comparison to those with other respiratory infections or diseases.<br><br>Results: the mean age of all patients was 38.04 years; 35 patients were later confirmed to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common symptoms reported by both groups included nonproductive cough and myalgia. Two of the non-COVID-19 patients were having below 92% oxygen saturation and low systolic blood pressure. The patients shared relatively similar laboratory findings except 3% of the non-COVID-19 patients who had lympho-neutropenia and 22.6% had high levels of C-reactive protein. Pulmonary tuberculosis and autoimmune disease respiratory disorder were suspected in 2 of the non-COVID-19 patients respectively.<br><br>Conclusion: we emphasize the importance of good screening protocols, rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other most common respiratory pathogens, which may help for a better control of COVID-19 spread and avoid delayed care of other lung diseases.},
}
@article {pmid33088340,
year = {2020},
author = {Pereda, N and Díaz-Faes, DA},
title = {Family violence against children in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic: a review of current perspectives and risk factors.},
journal = {Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {40},
doi = {10.1186/s13034-020-00347-1},
pmid = {33088340},
issn = {1753-2000},
abstract = {The situation of crisis produced by the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic poses major challenges to societies all over the world. While efforts to contain the virus are vital to protect global health, these same efforts are exposing children and adolescents to an increased risk of family violence. Various criminological theories explain the causes of this new danger. The social isolation required by the measures taken in the different countries, the impact on jobs, the economic instability, high levels of tension and fear of the virus, and new forms of relationships have all increased levels of stress in the most vulnerable families and, therefore, the risk of violence. In addition, mandatory lockdowns imposed to curb the spread of the disease have trapped children in their homes, isolating them from the people and the resources that could help them. In general, the restrictive measures imposed in many countries have not been accompanied by an analysis of the access to the resources needed to reduce this risk. It is necessary to take urgent measures to intervene in these high-risk contexts so that children and adolescents can develop and prosper in a society which is likely to undergo profound changes, but in which the defense of their rights and protection must remain a major priority.},
}
@article {pmid33088319,
year = {2020},
author = {Shirani, K and Toghyani, A},
title = {COVID-19 pneumonia with scant respiratory symptoms.},
journal = {Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {82},
doi = {10.4103/jrms.JRMS_326_20},
pmid = {33088319},
issn = {1735-1995},
}
@article {pmid33088307,
year = {2020},
author = {Mungmunpuntipantip, R and Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Bioinformatics analysis of Wuhan novel coronavirus pathogen: A clue for finding antiviral drug against Wuhan novel coronavirus.},
journal = {Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {},
pages = {70},
doi = {10.4103/jrms.JRMS_109_20},
pmid = {33088307},
issn = {1735-1995},
}
@article {pmid33088292,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, P and Wang, T and Xie, SX},
title = {Meta-analysis of several epidemic characteristics of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of data science : JDS},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {536-549},
pmid = {33088292},
issn = {1680-743X},
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic has strongly disrupted people's daily work and life, a great amount of scientific research has been conducted to understand the key characteristics of this new epidemic. In this manuscript, we focus on four crucial epidemic metrics with regard to the COVID-19, namely the basic reproduction number, the incubation period, the serial interval and the epidemic doubling time. We collect relevant studies based on the COVID-19 data in China and conduct a meta-analysis to obtain pooled estimates on the four metrics. From the summary results, we conclude that the COVID-19 has stronger transmissibility than SARS, implying that stringent public health strategies are necessary.},
}
@article {pmid33088277,
year = {2020},
author = {Avery, AR and Tsang, S and Seto, EYW and Duncan, GE},
title = {Stress, Anxiety, and Change in Alcohol Use During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings Among Adult Twin Pairs.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {571084},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.571084},
pmid = {33088277},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has impacted the lives of people worldwide since being declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Social restrictions aimed at flattening the curve may be associated with an increase in stress and anxiety, which may increase the use of alcohol as a coping mechanism. The objective of this study was to examine if stress and anxiety were associated with changes in alcohol use in a sample of adult twins. Twins allowed us to control for genetic and shared environmental factors that would confound the alcohol - mental health relationship. Twins (N = 3,971; 909 same-sex pairs) from the Washington State Twin Registry (WSTR) completed an online survey examining several health-related behaviors and outcomes and their self-reported changes due to COVID-19. About 14% of the respondents reported an increase in alcohol use. We found an association between both stress and anxiety and increased alcohol use, where twins with higher levels of stress and anxiety were more likely to report an increase in alcohol consumption. The associations were small and confounded by between-family factors and demographic characteristics. However, there was no significant difference in stress or anxiety levels between non-drinkers and those who reported no change in alcohol use. Our findings suggest that individuals' mental health may be associated with changes in alcohol use during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid33088255,
year = {2020},
author = {Mansour, A and Mohajeri-Tehrani, MR and Sajjadi-Jazi, SM},
title = {Vitamin D supplementation in COVID-19: A friend or foe?.},
journal = {EXCLI journal},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {1166-1168},
doi = {10.17179/excli2020-2696},
pmid = {33088255},
issn = {1611-2156},
}
@article {pmid33088245,
year = {2020},
author = {Ghahramani-Asl, R and Porouhan, P and Mehrpouyan, M and Welsh, JS and Calabrese, EJ and Kapoor, R and Dhawan, G and Javadinia, SA},
title = {Feasibility of Treatment Planning System in Localizing the COVID-19 Pneumonia Lesions and Evaluation of Volume Indices of Lung Involvement.},
journal = {Dose-response : a publication of International Hormesis Society},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {1559325820962600},
doi = {10.1177/1559325820962600},
pmid = {33088245},
issn = {1559-3258},
abstract = {Background and purpose: To assess the feasibility of a treatment planning system in localizing, contouring, and targeting lung lesions along with an evaluation of volume indices of lung involvement in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.<br><br>Methods: We evaluated 10 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. The CT images were imported into the ISOgray® treatment planning system to anatomically define and contour the volumes of the pulmonary lesions, the lungs, and other nearby organs.<br><br>Results: The ratio of lung lesion volume to lung volume in this study was 0.11 ± 0.13 (11.13%). The highest mean biosynthesis ratio of lung lesions was 0.36. The ratio of lesion volume in the left lung of patients with the highest volume of involvement, was 0.44, and the ratio of lesion volume in the right lung of these patients was 0.27 (approximately 1.5 times more in the left lung than the right lung). On average, CTDIvol and DLP for all patients studied in our study were 11.22 ± 2.47 mGy and 354.20 ± 65.11 mGy.cm.<br><br>Conclusion: We reported the feasibility of using a treatment planning system in localizing COVID-19 pulmonary lesions and its validity in the volumetric assessment of infected lung regions.},
}
@article {pmid33088225,
year = {2020},
author = {Seddighi, H and Seddighi, S},
title = {How much the Iranian government spent on disasters in the last 100 years? A critical policy analysis.},
journal = {Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {46},
doi = {10.1186/s12962-020-00242-8},
pmid = {33088225},
issn = {1478-7547},
abstract = {Background: During the past 20 years, Iran has been experiencing a significant increase in the occurrence of disasters mainly due to the emergence of anthropogenic climate change. This paper aims at analyzing the trend of national budget allocation in Iran over the last 100 years to evaluate the focus of the Iranian state on the four phases of Preparedness, Mitigation, Response, and Recovery and propose modifications.<br><br>Methods: It is used a critical policy analysis with what's the problem represented approach. In this approach is focused on problematization and policy gaps. The most important policy statement in any government is the budget. During the first screening, 1028 regulations and laws were found from 1910 to 2020. After full text screening, 494 regulations and laws related to budget allocation to disasters were analyzed.<br><br>Results: The Iranian government has spent around 29 billion USD on disasters during the last 100 years. Droughts, earthquake and flood have costs the government more than other disasters, accounting for more than 14, 6.9, and 6.1 billion USD, respectively, in the allocated budget. Most of the Iranian government expenditure during the last 100 years on various disasters such as drought, flood, earthquake, and COVID-19 has been spent on involuntary costs including Response and Recovery. Mitigation and Preparedness are the two critical disaster management phases with very small shares of national budgeting.<br><br>Conclusions: From policy audit and policy gaps it is concluded that Iranian governments during last 100 years, problematized the issue of &quot;disasters strike&quot; and not &quot;disasters' risks&quot;. In time of disasters, governments tried to solve the issues or impacts of disasters with budgeting to response and recovery. Nevertheless, disasters' prevention or mitigation or preparedness was not a problem for Iranian governments from 1920 to 2020.},
}
@article {pmid33088224,
year = {2020},
author = {Lin, CH and Lin, YW and Wang, JY and Lin, MH},
title = {The pharmaceutical practice of mask distribution by pharmacists in Taiwan's community pharmacies under the Mask Real-Name System, in response to the COVID-19 outbreak.},
journal = {Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {45},
doi = {10.1186/s12962-020-00239-3},
pmid = {33088224},
issn = {1478-7547},
abstract = {Background: Pharmacists hold to their promise to foster, implement and promote the health of the population and to prevent disease, given their knowledge, skills, and proximity to the locals. The objective of this study was to foster equality and cost-effectiveness in the distribution and sale of masks to all Taiwanese citizens, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Methods: All 6336 special community pharmacies participating in the NHI (National Health Insurance) served as mask-selling sites. Access to masks by citizens was determined and controlled, based on the weekly rationing of the number of purchasable masks per citizen and the last digit of their NHI card number. Masks were available on different weekdays for holders of cards ending with odd and even numbers, except on Sundays, when everyone was eligible to buy a mask.<br><br>Results: Implementing the program has provided equal access to masks for all citizens across Taiwan. It has stabilized the pricing of masks and mitigated the public's anxiety of a perceived likely market shortage.<br><br>Conclusion: The community pharmacy-based approach to the distribution of prevention face masks to citizens represents a new and innovative engagement of pharmacists in public health promotion and protection initiatives. Community pharmacies can greatly improve the efficiency, reliability, and cost-saving of the distribution of public health resources to local communities, especially in the face of an epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid33088153,
year = {2020},
author = {Sultan, K and Mone, A and Durbin, L and Khuwaja, S and Swaminath, A},
title = {Review of inflammatory bowel disease and COVID-19.},
journal = {World journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {26},
number = {37},
pages = {5534-5542},
doi = {10.3748/wjg.v26.i37.5534},
pmid = {33088153},
issn = {2219-2840},
abstract = {The first cases of a novel corona virus infection were reported in Wuhan China in December of 2019, followed by the declaration of an international pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Early reports of the virus, now known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and its clinical disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has shown higher rates of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and those with pre-existing medical conditions. Of particular concern is the safety of those with compromised immune systems. Inflammatory Bowel disease (IBD) is itself caused by a disordered immune response, with the most effective medical therapies being immune suppressing or modifying. As such, the risk of COVID-19, virus related outcomes, and appropriate management of IBD patients during the global pandemic is of immediate concern to gastroenterologists worldwide. There has been a rapid accumulation of clinical data and expert opinion on the topic. This review will highlight the latest source information on clinical observation/outcomes of the IBD population and provide a concise summary of the most up to date perspectives on IBD management in the age of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid33088121,
year = {2020},
author = {Francis, V and Gulia, A},
title = {True Heroes of COVID-19 Battle - Our Nightingales.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S184-S185},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_204_20},
pmid = {33088121},
issn = {0973-1075},
}
@article {pmid33088119,
year = {2020},
author = {Pruthi, M and Chanana, G},
title = {Palliative care for COVID-19: Let Us be Prepared….},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S181-S183},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_123_20},
pmid = {33088119},
issn = {0973-1075},
}
@article {pmid33088118,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumari, P and Kumar, A and Sinha, C and Kumar, A},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic Prompts Changes to Pain and Palliative Care at Home.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S180-S181},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_178_20},
pmid = {33088118},
issn = {0973-1075},
}
@article {pmid33088117,
year = {2020},
author = {Rana, SPS and Fadel, E},
title = {Telemedicine during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience at Bahrain Oncology Centre, Bahrain.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S179-S180},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_181_20},
pmid = {33088117},
issn = {0973-1075},
}
@article {pmid33088116,
year = {2020},
author = {Biswas, S and Adhikari, SD and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Integration of Telemedicine for Home-Based End-of-Life Care in Advanced Cancer Patients during Nationwide Lockdown: A Case Series.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S176-S178},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_174_20},
pmid = {33088116},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {Dignified death is a basic human right that has been widely overlooked in countries like India. During nationwide lockdown, it is extremely challenging to provide quality end-of-life care (EOLC) to all patients with a poor system for dignified death. Telemedicine, whose feasibility for community-based EOLC in rural settings has already been established, was a useful tool for us to overcome these barriers. Adding a widely used smartphone-based application for video calls along with voice calls and text messages made the process more dynamic and convenient. Here, we share our experience with three patients with advanced malignancy in providing EOLC during COVID-19 lockdown. A well-planned study for the utility of this service for a larger cancer patient population from different sociocultural and demographic backgrounds is warranted in the future.},
}
@article {pmid33088115,
year = {2020},
author = {Krishnapriya, V and Rathore, P and Kumar, S and Shweta, and Thankachan, A and Haokip, N and Vig, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {COVID-19-Positive Report Posing a Delay in Treatment Course in a Middle-Aged Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Patient.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S173-S175},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_168_20},
pmid = {33088115},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak is an unexpected challenge to all areas of health-care delivery, including cancer centers. The novel coronavirus is known to affect individuals in all age groups, especially patients with multiple comorbidities. A nationwide lockdown has restricted the routine patient care, with health-care services focusing mainly on emergency services and COVID patient management. These restrictions in health services may delay the treatments of non-COVID patients. This conundrum is especially true in cancer patients as they require frequent visits to the hospital, and there is a lack of understanding of the treatment prioritization in cancer patients. In this case, we discuss the concerns faced by a 37-year-old male with neuroendocrine tumor of the anal canal who was tested COVID positive. His surgery was canceled following the report and was shifted to the COVID care facility. Best supportive care was given till further management.},
}
@article {pmid33088114,
year = {2020},
author = {Rathore, P and Kumar, S and Shweta, and Singh, N and Krishnapriya, V and Thankachan, A and Haokip, N and Bhopale, S and Ratre, BK and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {A Child with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Institutional Isolation during the COVID Pandemic: A Multifaceted Responsibility.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S170-S172},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_167_20},
pmid = {33088114},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {The occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused big challenges in medical communities due to its unpredictable and uncertain nature. It leads to a great deal of physical and psychological concerns. It is more prone to patients with comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus and also to immune-compromised patients such as cancer patients. Children are no exception. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in the pediatric age group. In this case, we discuss the concerns and reflect the issues of a 10-year-old boy of ALL who was tested COVID positive during the evaluation and treatment of his disease and was admitted in a COVID isolation center along with his mother who was COVID negative.},
}
@article {pmid33088113,
year = {2020},
author = {Haokip, N and Rathore, P and Kumar, S and Shweta, and Krishnapriya, V and Thankachan, A and Swamy, A and Pandit, A and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Psychosocial Burdens of a Renal Transplant Recipient with COVID-19.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S168-S169},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_169_20},
pmid = {33088113},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {The impact of COVID-19 on transplant recipients is yet to be fully understood. Apart from the physical implications, little has been discussed regarding the psychosocial burden it exerts on the already chronically ill patients. Here, we discuss a case of a 40-year-old male who received kidney transplantation 2 years ago and has tested positive for COVID-19. At the time of admission, he presented with mild symptoms and subsequently developed fever for which he had been managed conservatively. However, a comprehensive approach addressing psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual domains from a palliative care physician's perspective is often overlooked, whether in times of COVID-19 or not and this report aims to identify and assess such gaps.},
}
@article {pmid33088112,
year = {2020},
author = {Thankachan, A and Rathore, P and Kumar, S and Shweta, and Krishnapriya, V and Haokip, N and Bhatnagar, S and Bhopale, S},
title = {Challenging Concerns of Transgender Community Amidst COVID-19.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S166-S167},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_166_20},
pmid = {33088112},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {A 30-year-old transgender woman was admitted to the dedicated COVID hospital. She presented with mild symptoms and had various psychosocial insecurities, which remained unattended on reaching our health-care facility. From being left alone by her peers, lack of proper deliverance of information, and the stigma attached to the gender issues made her anxious and fearful. Although there are studies showing the prevalence of psychosocial burden in transgender people, a comprehensive approach led by a palliative care physician is yet to be initiated.},
}
@article {pmid33088111,
year = {2020},
author = {Gulia, A and Mishra, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Multiple Caregiving Role with the Novel Challenge of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Crisis Situation.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S163-S165},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_165_20},
pmid = {33088111},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {Caregivers of cancer patients in the COVID-19 pandemics have been faced with new complexities and challenges related to their patient's care. It has added tremendous stress to the previous multiple caregiving roles. We present the journey of a caregiver of cancer survivor who had played multiple care giving roles for the past 10 years. With the added challenge of the pandemic the caregiver faced severe psychological distress concerning his caregiving role. This was addressed to a large extend with counseling and empathy. Communication is an important measure to relieve the distress and address the complexities faced by caregivers.},
}
@article {pmid33088109,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, R and Sarma, R and Mishra, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Rendezvous of Cancer Patients with Logistic and Socioeconomic Challenges during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Series.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S156-S159},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_159_20},
pmid = {33088109},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has shaken the health-care infrastructure worldwide and has led to enormous challenges for cancer patients. They are suffering on various fronts during this pandemic, especially the often overlooked ones such as logistic and socioeconomic. Through the case series, we have highlighted the various components of these challenges the cancer patients are facing and tried to emphasize that the health-care setups and government along with nongovernmental organizations have to come on the forefront to help the patients mitigate these challenges.},
}
@article {pmid33088108,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, R and Karthik, AR and Rustagi, K and Gupta, N and Bhoriwal, S and Kumar, V and Garg, R and Mishra, S},
title = {Unraveling the Role of Palliative Surgery in the Era of COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S153-S155},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_158_20},
pmid = {33088108},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {Palliative surgery forms an important pillar of palliative treatment to provide holistic care to cancer patients in the form of providing relief from pain, local control of disease, hemorrhage, and for the purpose of rehabilitation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we report the successful management of two cases of colorectal cancer which came under the category of high priority and underwent palliative surgery to provide relief from pain.},
}
@article {pmid33088107,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumar, S and Rathore, P and Shweta, and Krishnapriya, V and Haokip, N and Thankachan, A and Bhatnagar, S and Kumar, B},
title = {Why I Can't Breastfeed My New-born Baby? Psychosocial Dilemma of a COVID-Positive Post-LSCS Mother.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S150-S152},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_157_20},
pmid = {33088107},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {A 26-year-old postpartum COVID-positive mother admitted in COVID isolation facility at a tertiary care center in India. Her primary physical concern was suture site pain and concerns related to expressed breast milk discarding. Her psychological concerns include distrust on COVID report, belief of unjust isolation, lack of family support, loneliness, feeling of not breast feeding her baby, fear, anxiety, anger, stress, and depression. She was concerned about the stigma anticipated for herself and her baby. Spiritually, she was concerned as she was not able to make harmony between herself and environment.},
}
@article {pmid33088106,
year = {2020},
author = {Shweta, and Vig, S and Rathore, P and Kumar, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Concerns of a Post-Chemotherapy/Radiotherapy Patient of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Presenting with Sustained COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S148-S149},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_156_20},
pmid = {33088106},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {A 47-year-old patient was referred from otorhinolaryngologist with a chief complaint of hearing loss to the medical oncology department where he was diagnosed to have nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The patient was given six cycles of chemotherapy and 35# of radiotherapy. After a week of therapies, he developed a low-grade fever. He was suspected of COVID-19, but the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test came out to be negative. He developed urinary retention, and he was planned for suprapubic catheterization. Before the procedure, he was retested for COVID-19 which came out to be positive. This case report aims to describe the condition of a patient of NPC with COVID-19 infection and to discuss the outcome of disease in this circumstance.},
}
@article {pmid33088105,
year = {2020},
author = {Radhakrishnan, N and Shankar, R and Singh, S},
title = {Aplastic Anemia: Non-COVID Casualties in the COVID-19 Era.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S145-S147},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_152_20},
pmid = {33088105},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {With the emergence of COVID-19 pandemic, health care for many non-COVID illnesses has inadvertently slid back. For most patients with life-threatening illnesses, the directive from the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare to continue the treatment for essential health services has come as a relief. However, for certain life-threatening illnesses such as aplastic anemia, the situation has been grim. We discuss the poor outcome of 2 children followed up at our center for aplastic anemia and analyze the reasons for the same.},
}
@article {pmid33088104,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, N and Haokip, N and Rathore, P and Vig, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Child in Institutional Quarantine - A Unique Challenge.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S142-S144},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_162_20},
pmid = {33088104},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic has seen thousands of people all over the world placed under mass quarantine. Although quarantine is a successful public health measure, it has been described as an unpleasant experience. This case report presents the process of institutional quarantine of a 5-year-old boy along with his mother and explores the impact of it on their mental health. It provides an insight about the importance of increasing communication, doing collaborative exercises in addressing the concerns of children and alleviating their loneliness. It highlights the role of caregivers in aiding the recovery and providing essential psychosocial comfort to the affected children, making them an indispensable resource for the care team.},
}
@article {pmid33088103,
year = {2020},
author = {Mishra, S and Biswas, S and Bhatnagar, S},
title = {Palliative Care Delivery in Cancer Patients in the Era of Covid-19 Outbreak: Unique Needs, Barriers, and Tools for Solutions.},
journal = {Indian journal of palliative care},
volume = {26},
number = {Suppl 1},
pages = {S130-S141},
doi = {10.4103/IJPC.IJPC_194_20},
pmid = {33088103},
issn = {0973-1075},
abstract = {World is facing a pandemic recently due to the outbreak of COVID-19 infection. Cancer has been identified as one of the major comorbidities which cause more severe disease due to COVID-19 infection. Moreover, there are several