@article {pmid32755121,
year = {2020},
author = {Candemir, İ and Ergün, P},
title = {COVID-19 infections and pulmonary rehabilitation.},
journal = {Tuberkuloz ve toraks},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {192-194},
doi = {10.5578/tt.69506},
pmid = {32755121},
issn = {0494-1373},
}
@article {pmid32755117,
year = {2020},
author = {Gürün Kaya, A and Öz, M and Erol, S and Çiftçi, F and Çiledağ, A and Kaya, A},
title = {High flow nasal cannula in COVID-19: a literature review.},
journal = {Tuberkuloz ve toraks},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {168-174},
doi = {10.5578/tt.69807},
pmid = {32755117},
issn = {0494-1373},
abstract = {In recent years, high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a respiratory support system that has become prominent in the treatment of respiratory failure. HFNC provides higher concentration and flow of oxygen, resulting in decreasing anatomic dead space by preventing rebreathing and ensure positive end-expiratory. However, in COVID-19, the usage of HFNC is much controversial due to concerns about the benefits and risk of aerosol-dispersion. Considering the debates about the use of HFNC, we reviewed the literature related to the usage of HFNC in COVID-19. The available reports suggest that HFNC provides high concentrations of oxygen to the patients, who can not reach with conventional devices. HFNC can reduce the requiring of intubation in patients with COVID-19, and it can decrease the length of intensive care unit stay, and complications related to mechanical ventilation. Also HFNC can in achieving apneic oxygenation in patients during airway management. Besides that, the use of high-flow oxygen cannulas can produce aerosols. So, HFNC treatment should be carried out in a negative pressure room; when it is not possible, devices should be undertaken in a single room.},
}
@article {pmid32755116,
year = {2020},
author = {Çopur, S and Kanbay, A and Afşar, B and Elsürer Afşar, R and Kanbay, M},
title = {Pathological features of COVID-19 infection from biopsy and autopsy series.},
journal = {Tuberkuloz ve toraks},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {160-167},
doi = {10.5578/tt.69611},
pmid = {32755116},
issn = {0494-1373},
abstract = {Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 in Chinese town Wuhan and considered as a pandemic by World Health Organization. The disease has variety of symptoms including fever, shortness of breath, cough, fatigue, loss of smell and taste and diarrhea. While the majority of cases have mild symptoms, some progress to viral pneumonia, multi-organ failure, or cytokine storm and mortality is mostly caused by hypoxemic respiratory failure. Until now, more than 3.5 million people worldwide were infected and more than 240.000 mortality has been occurred. Thus, there is now evidence the disease may affect variety of organs according to accumulating biopsy and autopsy studies. Such pathological studies have potential role on the understanding of clinical outcomes and in the development of novel targeted therapeutic approaches. Given these aforementioned data, in the current manuscript we have summarized the pathological features of COVID-19 derived from biopsy and autopsy series.},
}
@article {pmid32755114,
year = {2020},
author = {Sarıoğlu, N},
title = {Asthma and COVID-19: What do we know?.},
journal = {Tuberkuloz ve toraks},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {141-147},
doi = {10.5578/tt.69775},
pmid = {32755114},
issn = {0494-1373},
abstract = {There are limited data about the coexistence of asthma and the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic is a new disease for the whole world. In this study, we aimed to examine the published case series with the COVID-19 and asthma coexistence, by reviewing existing studies and other publications. We discussed the suggestions of guidelines such as The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA), The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), and the Canadian Respiratory Guideline about the management of asthma during the COVID-19 pandemic and the experiences of different countries. We analyzed the publications, reports, and expert opinions about asthma and COVID-19, that were released and expressed from the onset of the disease in Wuhan. In this review, we aimed to summarize the approach to patients with asthma during the pandemic and to make recommendations concerning it.},
}
@article {pmid32755113,
year = {2020},
author = {Gülbay, B and Azap, A and Kaya, A and Acıcan, T},
title = {[Management of obstructive sleep apnea during COVID-19 pandemic].},
journal = {Tuberkuloz ve toraks},
volume = {68},
number = {2},
pages = {135-140},
doi = {10.5578/tt.69745},
pmid = {32755113},
issn = {0494-1373},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that causes important mortality and morbidity all over the world caused by SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which started in China at the end of 2019. It spreads rapidly, mainly through droplets, and especially for all healthcare workers involved in aerosol producing procedures are at high risk. During COVID-19 pandemic , the health systems worldwide, along with the practice of chest diseases daily were affected. In our article, we aimed to give some clinical suggestions related to sleep practices according to current data.},
}
@article {pmid32755097,
year = {2020},
author = {Rauch, S and Regli, IB and Clara, A and Seraglio, PME and Bock, M and Poschenrieder, F and Resch, M},
title = {Right ventricular myopericarditis in COVID-19: a call for regular echocardiography.},
journal = {Minerva anestesiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0375-9393.20.14756-4},
pmid = {32755097},
issn = {1827-1596},
}
@article {pmid32755094,
year = {2020},
author = {Ferrari, F and Visconti, F and De Amici, M and Guglielmi, A and Colombo, CNJ and Belliato, M and Ronco, C},
title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in critically ill patients: can we re-program the immune system? A primer for intensivists.},
journal = {Minerva anestesiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0375-9393.20.14663-7},
pmid = {32755094},
issn = {1827-1596},
abstract = {In December 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in Wuhan and rapidly spread around the word. The immune response is essential to control and eliminate CoV infections, however, multiorgan damage might be due to direct SARS-CoV2 action against the infected organ cells, as well as an imbalanced host immune response. In effect, a "cytokines storm" and an impaired innate immunity were found in the COVID-19 critically ill patients. In this review, we summarize the virus immune response steps, underlying the relevance of introducing the measurement of plasma cytokine levels and of circulating lymphocyte subsets in clinical practice for the follow-up of critically ill COVID-19 patients and support new therapy.},
}
@article {pmid32755034,
year = {2020},
author = {Rashid, MA and Nicholson, JG and Gill, D},
title = {International solidarity: medical school collaborations during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The clinical teacher},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tct.13239},
pmid = {32755034},
issn = {1743-498X},
}
@article {pmid32755020,
year = {2020},
author = {Tenforde, MW and Feldstein, LR and Lindsell, CJ and Patel, MM and Self, WH and , },
title = {Exposures in adult outpatients with COVID-19 infection during early community transmission, Tennessee.},
journal = {Influenza and other respiratory viruses},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/irv.12792},
pmid = {32755020},
issn = {1750-2659},
support = {75D30120C07637/CC/CDC HHS/United States ; },
}
@article {pmid32754986,
year = {2020},
author = {Papandreou, C and Arija, V and Aretouli, E and Tsilidis, KK and Bulló, M},
title = {Comparing eating behaviours, and symptoms of depression and anxiety between Spain and Greece during the COVID-19 outbreak: Cross-sectional analysis of two different confinement strategies.},
journal = {European eating disorders review : the journal of the Eating Disorders Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/erv.2772},
pmid = {32754986},
issn = {1099-0968},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We compared eating behaviours, and depressive and anxiety symptoms in two countries with different confinement strictness strategies and different levels of COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: A web-based cross-sectional survey was administered during and shortly after the COVID-19 related lockdown in Spain and Greece. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to identify country differences associated with eating behaviour, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.<br><br>RESULTS: This study included 1,002 responders in Spain and 839 in Greece. The mean ± SD of restraint, emotional and external eating was 2.5 ± 0.79, 2.1 ± 0.81 and 2.6 ± 0.65 in Spain, whereas 2.7 ± 0.85, 2.3 ± 0.99 and 2.9 ± 0.74 in Greece. Spanish participants had lower average scores of restraint and external eating compared to Greek participants (p < .001), but no difference was seen for emotional eating. In Spain, 13.6%, and 12.3% of the survey respondents reported moderate to severe depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively, whereas in Greece the respective values were 18.8 and 13.2%. After adjusting for several risk factors, a higher prevalence of anxiety symptoms was observed in Spain compared to Greece (p = .001), but no difference was seen for depressive symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated high scores of inappropriate eating behaviours and a high frequency of depressive and anxiety symptoms in two Mediterranean countries during the COVID-19 outbreak. Our findings revealed that compared to Greek participants, Spanish participants, that faced more severe COVID-19 pandemic and stricter lockdown measures, were associated with lower restraint and external eating and increased anxiety symptoms, but not with depressive symptoms or emotional eating.},
}
@article {pmid32754974,
year = {2020},
author = {Shah, N and Davariya, V and Gupta, SK and Gajjar, P and Parmar, J and D'Cruz, L},
title = {Review: An insight into coronaviruses: Challenges, security and scope.},
journal = {Reviews in medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2138},
doi = {10.1002/rmv.2138},
pmid = {32754974},
issn = {1099-1654},
support = {//University Grants Commission, India/ ; //Department of Science and Technology (DST), New Delhi, India/ ; //Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB)/ ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV2 is a novel coronavirus; the seventh of its species to infect humans. The spread of this virus emerged in Wuhan, China in late December, 2019. Since then, this virus has spread to more than 200 countries and has caused a worldwide pandemic. Being a new species of coronaviruses, any cure or vaccines for this virus has not yet been obtained. A large amount of scientific studies and clinical trials are being carried out across the world to find a potential vaccine for this virus. Current work reports a review of potential drugs and vaccines that may be effective against this virus. Different scientific therapies that may potentially be effective against the SARS-CoV2 virus are also reviewed. The mechanisms of various drugs, their efficiency in various clinical trials and their side effects are also studied.},
}
@article {pmid32754967,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, Y and Xu, W and Zhu, Z and Xia, X},
title = {Laboratory verification of an RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of clinical laboratory analysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e23507},
doi = {10.1002/jcla.23507},
pmid = {32754967},
issn = {1098-2825},
support = {2020XG-28//Jinhua Science and Technology Bureau/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an extremely common clinical method for detecting pathogens, particularly for emerging infectious diseases such as the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Currently, detection of the RNA from the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the gold standard for establishing a COVID-19 diagnosis. This study evaluates the characteristic performance of the analytical system in a clinical laboratory.<br><br>METHODS: A commercial SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-PCR Kit used in a clinical laboratory is assessed based on ISO 15189 verification requirements. A multiple real-time RT-PCR assay for the RdRP, N, and E genes in SARS-CoV-2 is verified.<br><br>RESULTS: The analytical system exhibits good analytical sensitivity (1000 copies/mL) and specificity (100%); however, the values of 86.7% and 100% for analytical accuracy deserved attention, compared with two other types of methods. Overall, the kit is potentially useful for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing and meets the verification requirements.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Compliance with international standards, such as ISO 15189, is valuable for clinical laboratories and for improving laboratory medicine quality and safety. Normalization is essential for obtaining reliable results from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA RT-PCR assay. This study aims to develop an improved SARS-CoV-2 verification framework compared with traditional molecular diagnostic methods, given the urgency of implementing new assays in clinical laboratories.},
}
@article {pmid32754962,
year = {2020},
author = {Andrew, TW and Alrawi, M and Lovat, P},
title = {Reduction in Skin Cancer Diagnoses in the UK during COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ced.14411},
pmid = {32754962},
issn = {1365-2230},
abstract = {The UK healthcare system has been profoundly affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic, including skin cancer departments. Despite service capacity and a worldwide increase in incidence, anecdotal reports suggest a decline in skin cancer diagnoses following COVID-19. To determine if there is a decrease in skin cancer diagnosis in the UK in the COVID-19 era, we analysed data from the Northern Cancer Network from March 23rd 2020 to June 23rd 2020 and compared it to the same period last year. In the COVID Period there was a decrease in skin cancer diagnoses of 68.61% from 3619 to 1136 (p<0.0028). Surprisingly, skin cancer waiting times were also reduced in the COVID Period compared to Before COVID Period (median 8 days and 12 days respectively; p<0.0001). Collectively these data highlight a statistically significant reduction in both skin cancer diagnoses and waiting times during the COVID Period.},
}
@article {pmid32754955,
year = {2020},
author = {Fakhri, S and Nouri, Z and Moradi, SZ and Farzaei, MH},
title = {Astaxanthin, COVID-19 and immune response: Focus on oxidative stress, apoptosis and autophagy.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.6797},
pmid = {32754955},
issn = {1099-1573},
}
@article {pmid32754945,
year = {2020},
author = {Gravlee, CC},
title = {Systemic racism, chronic health inequities, and COVID-19: A syndemic in the making?.},
journal = {American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e23482},
doi = {10.1002/ajhb.23482},
pmid = {32754945},
issn = {1520-6300},
}
@article {pmid32754934,
year = {2020},
author = {Onoyama, T and Isomoto, H},
title = {A perspective gastrointestinal endoscopy infection control strategy against COVID-19: workflow and space management for the operation of endoscopic centers.},
journal = {Digestive endoscopy : official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/den.13804},
pmid = {32754934},
issn = {1443-1661},
abstract = {All endoscopic centers should establish infection control strategies (ICS) tailored to individual resources based upon updated national and academic guidance for COVID-19 without superseding local advisories and institutional guidelines1 . Endoscopic administrators have to customize control measures and adjust with the rapidly evolving local and global pandemic and prepare for the upcoming resurgence due to relaxation of social distancing norms. In this regard, Zhang et al. have reported their stringent ICS in Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) based on the guidance of the Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopy and have shared their experiences from the pandemic and the subsequent recovery2 .},
}
@article {pmid32754925,
year = {2020},
author = {Escribese, MM and Nistal-Villan, E and Fernandez, P and Rico, P and Martin-Antoniano, IA and de la Cuerda, A and Chivato, T and Barber, D},
title = {Cross-sectional pilot study exploring the feasibility of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 immunization test in health and non-healthcare workers.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.14545},
pmid = {32754925},
issn = {1398-9995},
}
@article {pmid32754908,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, F and Yao, Y and Hou, H and Wu, S and Guo, C and Zhou, H and Liu, Z and Sun, Z},
title = {Delayed virus-specific antibody responses associate with COVID-19 mortality.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.14546},
pmid = {32754908},
issn = {1398-9995},
}
@article {pmid32754901,
year = {2020},
author = {Cristaudo, A and Pigliacelli, F and Pacifico, A and Damiani, G and Iacovelli, P and Morrone, A},
title = {Teledermatology and hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Contact dermatitis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cod.13683},
pmid = {32754901},
issn = {1600-0536},
}
@article {pmid32754890,
year = {2020},
author = {Xiong, R and Zhang, L and Li, S and Sun, Y and Ding, M and Wang, Y and Zhao, Y and Wu, Y and Shang, W and Jiang, X and Shan, J and Shen, Z and Tong, Y and Xu, L and Chen, Y and Liu, Y and Zou, G and Lavillete, D and Zhao, Z and Wang, R and Zhu, L and Xiao, G and Lan, K and Li, H and Xu, K},
title = {Novel and potent inhibitors targeting DHODH are broad-spectrum antivirals against RNA viruses including newly-emerged coronavirus SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Protein &amp; cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13238-020-00768-w},
pmid = {32754890},
issn = {1674-8018},
abstract = {Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses occasionally cause epidemics and pandemics worldwide, such as the on-going outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Herein, we identified two potent inhibitors of human DHODH, S312 and S416, with favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic profiles, which all showed broad-spectrum antiviral effects against various RNA viruses, including influenza A virus, Zika virus, Ebola virus, and particularly against SARS-CoV-2. Notably, S416 is reported to be the most potent inhibitor so far with an EC50 of 17 nmol/L and an SI value of 10,505.88 in infected cells. Our results are the first to validate that DHODH is an attractive host target through high antiviral efficacy in vivo and low virus replication in DHODH knock-out cells. This work demonstrates that both S312/S416 and old drugs (Leflunomide/Teriflunomide) with dual actions of antiviral and immuno-regulation may have clinical potentials to cure SARS-CoV-2 or other RNA viruses circulating worldwide, no matter such viruses are mutated or not.},
}
@article {pmid32754886,
year = {2020},
author = {Smulever, A and Abelleira, E and Bueno, F and Pitoia, F},
title = {Thyroid cancer in the Era of COVID-19.},
journal = {Endocrine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12020-020-02439-6},
pmid = {32754886},
issn = {1559-0100},
abstract = {The recent coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is placing health systems in serious challenges worldwide. Shocking statistics each day has prompted the World Health Organization to officially declare the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic in March 2020. Preliminary studies have shown increased mortality in patients with solid cancers and infection by SARS-CoV-2. Until now, the evidence on the behavior of COVID-19 in patients with a history of thyroid cancer remains scarce, and most of the recommendations given are based on common sense. Therefore, in this viewpoint, we present a brief review of several challenges we are frequently facing during this pandemic and a series of recommendations based on what we have implemented in our clinical practice at a university hospital currently mostly dedicated to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754871,
year = {2020},
author = {Le Bon, SD and Pisarski, N and Verbeke, J and Prunier, L and Cavelier, G and Thill, MP and Rodriguez, A and Dequanter, D and Lechien, JR and Le Bon, O and Hummel, T and Horoi, M},
title = {Psychophysical evaluation of chemosensory functions 5 weeks after olfactory loss due to COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on 72 patients.},
journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06267-2},
pmid = {32754871},
issn = {1434-4726},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To evaluate the evolution of chemosensation via extended psychophysical testing in patients who suffered from sudden chemosensory loss due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Additionally, this study sought to determine whether odor threshold testing provided additional information on olfactory loss due to COVID-19 compared to the more common odor identification testing.<br><br>METHODS: Prospective cohort study of patients with sudden chemosensory loss since February 2020 and confirmed COVID-19 infection via RT-PCR or serology testing. Olfactory function was tested extensively using the &quot;Sniffin Sticks&quot; test battery. In addition, we screened gustatory perception and nasal cooling sensations using psychophysical tests.<br><br>RESULTS: Seventy-two patients completed the study. After a mean of 37 days, 37% of patients showed olfactory dysfunction, 7% were dysgeusic, and 48% showed signs of low sensitivity for cooling sensation. A longer duration of anosmia before smell improvement was correlated with lower olfactory function at 5 weeks. Odor threshold detection was more affected by COVID-19 compared to odor identification.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Five weeks after developing sudden chemosensory loss due to COVID-19, a high proportion of patients were dysosmic and showed signs of low nasal cooling sensitivity, whereas most of them had normal taste function. SARS-CoV-2 affected mainly odor thresholds, possibly suggesting that the major cause of loss of smell lies at the level of the olfactory neuroepithelium, rather than in the central nervous system.},
}
@article {pmid32754859,
year = {2020},
author = {Chikazawa, K and Tomoyuki, K},
title = {Why not use &quot;Twitter&quot; of core clinical journals for rapid dissemination of medical information during the COVID-19 pandemic?.},
journal = {Archives of gynecology and obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00404-020-05715-y},
pmid = {32754859},
issn = {1432-0711},
}
@article {pmid32754823,
year = {2020},
author = {Marino Gammazza, A and Légaré, S and Lo Bosco, G and Fucarino, A and Angileri, F and Conway de Macario, E and Macario, AJ and Cappello, F},
title = {Human molecular chaperones share with SARS-CoV-2 antigenic epitopes potentially capable of eliciting autoimmunity against endothelial cells: possible role of molecular mimicry in COVID-19.},
journal = {Cell stress &amp; chaperones},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12192-020-01148-3},
pmid = {32754823},
issn = {1466-1268},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19 disease, has the potential to elicit autoimmunity because mimicry of human molecular chaperones by viral proteins. We compared viral proteins with human molecular chaperones, many of which are heat shock proteins, to determine if they share amino acid-sequence segments with immunogenic-antigenic potential, which can elicit cross-reactive antibodies and effector immune cells with the capacity to damage-destroy human cells by a mechanism of autoimmunity. We identified the chaperones that can putatively participate in molecular mimicry phenomena after SARS-CoV-2 infection, focusing on those for which endothelial cell plasma-cell membrane localization has already been demonstrated. We also postulate that post-translational modifications, induced by physical (shear) and chemical (metabolic) stress caused respectively by the risk factors hypertension and diabetes, might have a role in determining plasma-cell membrane localization and, in turn, autoimmune-induced endothelial damage.},
}
@article {pmid32754782,
year = {2020},
author = {Gross, CP and Essien, UR and Pasha, S and Gross, JR and Wang, SY and Nunez-Smith, M},
title = {Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Population-Level Covid-19 Mortality.},
journal = {Journal of general internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11606-020-06081-w},
pmid = {32754782},
issn = {1525-1497},
}
@article {pmid32754765,
year = {2020},
author = {Sim, HS and How, CH},
title = {Mental health and psychosocial support during healthcare emergencies - COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Singapore medical journal},
volume = {61},
number = {7},
pages = {357-362},
doi = {10.11622/smedj.2020103},
pmid = {32754765},
issn = {0037-5675},
}
@article {pmid32754756,
year = {2020},
author = {Lee, W and Hwang, SS and Song, I and Park, C and Kim, H and Song, IK and Choi, HM and Prifti, K and Kwon, Y and Kim, J and Oh, S and Yang, J and Cha, M and Kim, Y and Bell, ML and Kim, H},
title = {COVID-19 in South Korea: epidemiological and spatiotemporal patterns of the spread and the role of aggressive diagnostic tests in the early phase.},
journal = {International journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ije/dyaa119},
pmid = {32754756},
issn = {1464-3685},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: South Korea experienced the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in the early period; thus data from this country could provide significant implications for global mitigation strategies. This study reports how COVID-19 has spread in South Korea and examines the effects of rapid widespread diagnostic testing on the spread of the disease in the early epidemic phase.<br><br>METHODS: We collected daily data on the number of confirmed cases, tests and deaths due to COVID-19 from 20 January to 13 April 2020. We estimated the spread pattern with a logistic growth model, calculated the daily reproduction number (Rt) and examined the fatality pattern of COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: From the start date of the epidemic in Korea (18 February 2020), the time to peak and plateau were 15.2 and 25 days, respectively. The initial Rt was 3.9 [95% credible interval (CI) 3.7 to 4.2] and declined to <1 after 2 weeks. The initial epidemic doubling time was 3.8 days (3.4 to 4.2 days). The aggressive testing in the early days of the epidemic was associated with reduction in transmission speed of COVID-19. In addition, as of 13 April, the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in Korea was 2.1%, suggesting a positive effect of the targeted treatment policy for severe patients and medical resources.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide important information for establishing and revising action plans based on testing strategies and severe patient care systems, needed to address the unprecedented pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32754730,
year = {2020},
author = {Volpi, S and Ali, JM and Suleman, A and Ahmed, RN},
title = {Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 patients: a case series of a rare complication.},
journal = {European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ejcts/ezaa222},
pmid = {32754730},
issn = {1873-734X},
abstract = {Pneumomediastinum is a rare clinical finding, but one which can be the source of significant concern for clinicians. By presenting 3 such cases, we highlight that pneumomediastinum can complicate the course of a severe coronavirus disease 2019 infection but emphasize that conservative management is the first-line method of treatment, with gradual resorption of the air from the tissues. It is important to be alert to the development of pneumothorax, which will require drainage.},
}
@article {pmid32754673,
year = {2020},
author = {Mann, DL},
title = {Warped Speed: How COVID-19 Transfected and Transformed Medical Journals.},
journal = {JACC. Basic to translational science},
volume = {5},
number = {7},
pages = {752-754},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.06.011},
pmid = {32754673},
issn = {2452-302X},
}
@article {pmid32754651,
year = {2020},
author = {Ahmad, J and Ikram, S and Ahmad, F and Rehman, IU and Mushtaq, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 RNA Dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) - A drug repurposing study.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {6},
number = {7},
pages = {e04502},
doi = {10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04502},
pmid = {32754651},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019 in China subsequently lead to a pandemic. Lack of vaccine and specific anti-viral drugs started a global health disaster. For a sustained control and protection, development of potential anti-viral drugs is one of the targeted approach. Although, designing and developing a panel of new drugs molecules are always encouraged. However, in the current emergency, drug repurposing study is one of the most effective and fast track option. The crystal structure of a SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp) has recently been deciphered through X-ray crystallography. The single-chain of core RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase relies on virus-encoded cofactors nsp7 and two units of nsp8 for its optimum function. This study explored the FDA approved database of 7922 molecules and screened against the core polymerase along with cofactors. Here we report a panel of FDA approved drugs that show substantial interactions with key amino acid residues of the active site. Interestingly, some of the identified drugs (Ornipressin, Lypressin, Examorelin, Polymyxin B1) bind strongly within the binding pockets of both forms of RdRp. Besides, we found strong candidates for the complex form as well which include Nacortocin, Cistinexine, Cisatracurium (among others). These drugs have the potential to be considered while contriving therapeutic options.},
}
@article {pmid32754630,
year = {2020},
author = {Ammirati, E and Travi, G and Orcese, C and Sacco, A and Auricchio, S and Frigerio, M and Puoti, M},
title = {Heart-Kidney Transplanted patient affected by COVID-19 pneumonia treated with tocilizumab on top of immunosuppressive maintenance therapy.},
journal = {International journal of cardiology. Heart &amp; vasculature},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {100596},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijcha.2020.100596},
pmid = {32754630},
issn = {2352-9067},
}
@article {pmid32754629,
year = {2020},
author = {Chérif, MY and de Filette, JMK and André, S and Kamgang, P and Richert, B and Clevenbergh, P},
title = {Coronavirus disease 2019-related Kawasaki-like disease in an adult: A case report.},
journal = {JAAD case reports},
volume = {6},
number = {8},
pages = {780-782},
doi = {10.1016/j.jdcr.2020.06.023},
pmid = {32754629},
issn = {2352-5126},
}
@article {pmid32754628,
year = {2020},
author = {Akintande, O and Olubusoye, O},
title = {Datasets on how misinformation promotes immune perception of COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.},
journal = {Data in brief},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {106031},
doi = {10.1016/j.dib.2020.106031},
pmid = {32754628},
issn = {2352-3409},
abstract = {The dataset investigates the magnitude of the misinformation content influencing scepticisms about the novel COVID-19 pandemic in Africa. The data is collected via an electronic questionnaire method and twenty-one Africa countries randomly participated. Responses were received from all the five regions of Africa. The data is structured to identify some leading misinformation been propagated in the media. For data, in brief, we performed a descriptive analysis of the data and also examine the degree of each selected misinformation contents on the immune perception of respondents using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Another research can use the dataset to investigate how misinformation and religion misconception promote ignorance about disease or pandemic in Africa or the dataset could serve as supplementary material for further investigation of COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.},
}
@article {pmid32754627,
year = {2020},
author = {Kutsuna, S and Suzuki, T and Hayakawa, K and Tsuzuki, S and Asai, Y and Suzuki, T and Ide, S and Nakamura, K and Moriyama, Y and Kinoshita, N and Hosokawa, N and Osawa, R and Yamamuro, R and Akiyama, Y and Miyazato, Y and Nomoto, H and Nakamoto, T and Ota, M and Saito, S and Ishikane, M and Morioka, S and Yamamoto, K and Ujiie, M and Terada, M and Nakamura-Uchiyama, F and Sahara, T and Sano, M and Imamura, A and Sekiya, N and Fukushima, K and Kawana, A and Fujikura, Y and Sano, T and Suematsu, R and Sakamoto, N and Nagata, K and Kato, T and Katano, H and Wakita, T and Sugiyama, H and Kokudo, N and Ohmagari, N},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Screening Test for Japanese Returnees From Wuhan, China, January 2020.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {ofaa243},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofaa243},
pmid = {32754627},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was found to be the causative microorganism of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started to spread in Wuhan, China. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of questionnaire, symptoms-based screening, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening of returnees from COVID-19-endemic areas on a chartered flight, to examine the proportion of infected persons and the proportion of asymptomatic persons among infected persons who returned from Wuhan.<br><br>Methods: A retrospective cohort study was done in 7 tertiary medical institutions in Japan. A total of 566 Japanese who returned from Wuhan participated in the study.<br><br>Results: Overall, 11 of the 566 passengers had a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR result for pharyngeal swabs and 6 were asymptomatic. Only fever differed between SARS-CoV-2-positive and -negative individuals (P < .043). Six of the 11 PCR-positive individuals were asymptomatic; 4 remained positive on day 10, and 1 asymptomatic person tested positive up to day 27. Two of the 11 were negative on the first PCR test and positive on the second.<br><br>Conclusions: Our results will be important insights on screening returnees from locked-down cities, as well as providing important data on the proportion of asymptomatic individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. A 13-day observation period and a second round of PCR may be effective to screen patients, including asymptomatic infections.},
}
@article {pmid32754626,
year = {2020},
author = {Thompson Iii, GR and Cornely, OA and Pappas, PG and Patterson, TF and Hoenigl, M and Jenks, JD and Clancy, CJ and Nguyen, MH},
title = {Invasive Aspergillosis as an Under-recognized Superinfection in COVID-19.},
journal = {Open forum infectious diseases},
volume = {7},
number = {7},
pages = {ofaa242},
doi = {10.1093/ofid/ofaa242},
pmid = {32754626},
issn = {2328-8957},
abstract = {Pulmonary aspergillosis has been increasingly reported following severe respiratory viral infections. Millions have been infected by SARS-CoV-2, placing large numbers of patients at-risk for COVID-19 associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). Prompt recognition of this syndrome and is paramount to improve outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid32754610,
year = {2020},
author = {Hong, XW and Chi, ZP and Liu, GY and Huang, H and Guo, SQ and Fan, JR and Lin, XW and Qu, LZ and Chen, RL and Wu, LJ and Wang, LY and Zhang, QC and Wu, SW and Pan, ZQ and Lin, H and Zhou, YH and Zhang, YH},
title = {Characteristics of Renal Function in Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19: An Observational Study.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {409},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00409},
pmid = {32754610},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics of renal function in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Methods: In this retrospective, single-center study, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Guangdong, China from January 20, 2020 to March 20, 2020. Blood and urine laboratory findings related to renal function were summarized, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and endogenous creatinine clearance (Ccr) were also calculated to assess the renal function. Results: A total of 12 admitted hospital patients were diagnosed with COVID-19, included 3 severe cases, and 9 common cases. Serum creatinine (Scr) was not abnormally elevated in all of the patients, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was abnormally elevated in only 25.0% of the patients. However, compared with the recovery period, the patient's Scr and BUN increased significantly in peak of disease (p-scr = 0.002 &amp; p-bun < 0.001). By observing the fluctuations in Scr and BUN from admission to recovery, it was found that the peak of Scr and BUN appeared within the first 14 day of the course of the disease. Urinary microprotein detection indicated that the abnormally elevated rates of urine microalbumin (UMA), α1-microglobulin (A1M), urine immunoglobulin-G (IGU), and urine transferring (TRU) standardized by urinary creatinine in peak of disease were 41.7, 41.7, 50.0, and 16.7%, respectively. The abnormal rates of the calculated eGFR and Ccr were 66.7 and 41.7%. Conclusion: Scr and BUN were generally increased during the course of COVID-19. Detection of urinary microproteins and application of multiple indicators assessment could be helpful for discovering abnormal renal function in patients with COVID-19. However, the evidence is limited due to the small sample size and observational nature. Additional studies, especially large prospective cohort studies, are required to confirm these findings.},
}
@article {pmid32754609,
year = {2020},
author = {Hindilerden, F and Yonal-Hindilerden, I and Sevtap, S and Kart-Yasar, K},
title = {Immune Thrombocytopenia in a Very Elderly Patient With Covid-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {404},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00404},
pmid = {32754609},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a decreased number of platelets and mucocutaneous bleeding. Many viruses have been identified as triggers of the autoimmune process, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), parvovirus, rubella, and measles. Association with the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 infection (Covid-19 infection) has been rarely reported. Here, we report the oldest case of ITP patient triggered by the novel coronavirus infection. He showed inadequate response to IVIG but responded to corticosteroids with no severe adverse events. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal therapeutic strategies for ITP with the Covid-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32754608,
year = {2020},
author = {Rezasoltani, S and Hatami, B and Yadegar, A and Asadzadeh Aghdaei, H and Zali, MR},
title = {How Patients With Chronic Liver Diseases Succeed to Deal With COVID-19?.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {7},
number = {},
pages = {398},
doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00398},
pmid = {32754608},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The human pathogenic coronaviruses cause infections of the respiratory tract from mild to severe ranges. Mild cases may look like the common cold, while cases with severe disease may represent severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Currently, COVID-19 is a rapidly emerging infection and the number of COVID-19 cases and its associated deaths are quickly growing around the world. COVID-19 infection can involve multiple body organs other than respiratory tract and lungs such as liver. It is hypothesized that COVID-19-associated liver injury can hamper the host drug metabolism and excretion. Liver involvement present with the elevation of enzymatic levels of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) accompanied by enhanced total bilirubin and decreased albumin levels has been reported in COVID-19 cases. One of the major concerns during COVID-19 outbreak is the population with a history of pre-existing liver disorders including viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune hepatitis, hepatic compensated, and decompensated cirrhosis. Herein, we discussed the probable correlation between COVID-19 infection and liver damages, particularly chronic and pre-existing liver diseases during COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, we explained about the liver transplant recipients and post-transplant drugs used in patients with COVID-19 infection. Finally, we discussed about the therapeutic medications administered in COVID-19 patients with underlying liver injuries and their significant considerations.},
}
@article {pmid32754600,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, H and Wang, Y and Ji, M and Pei, F and Zhao, Q and Zhou, Y and Hong, Y and Han, S and Wang, J and Wang, Q and Li, Q and Wang, Y},
title = {Transmission Routes Analysis of SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Case Report.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {618},
doi = {10.3389/fcell.2020.00618},
pmid = {32754600},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {The global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 spread rapidly throughout the world which transmitted among humans through various routes. Asymptomatic (carriers) and possible fecal-oral transmission, resulted into a large-scale spread. These issues pose great challenges to disease diagnosis and epidemic control. We obtained data on 29 cases of COVID-19 patients in Jinan, China, and reported the clinical data of asymptomatic patients confirmed with stool samples positive. Some patients with gastrointestinal infections are secondary to pulmonary infections, and during the patients' recovery period, the virus may still existin the patient's gastrointestinal tract over 7 days. We combined with epidemiological and clinical data of asymptomatic patients to analyze the possible routes of viral transmission and infection, including eyes-nose, hands-eyes, fecal-oral, and eyes-oral, et al., thus first presented the two-way transmission through eyes-oral. Through associating infection symptoms with the transmission routes of virus and the patient course of the disease, we expect to provide guidelines for clinical diagnosis and the basis for suppressing the spread of the virus and antiviral treatment.},
}
@article {pmid32754599,
year = {2020},
author = {Kabir, MT and Uddin, MS and Hossain, MF and Abdulhakim, JA and Alam, MA and Ashraf, GM and Bungau, SG and Bin-Jumah, MN and Abdel-Daim, MM and Aleya, L},
title = {nCOVID-19 Pandemic: From Molecular Pathogenesis to Potential Investigational Therapeutics.},
journal = {Frontiers in cell and developmental biology},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {616},
doi = {10.3389/fcell.2020.00616},
pmid = {32754599},
issn = {2296-634X},
abstract = {In December 2019, a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related epidemic was first observed in Wuhan, China. In 2020, owing to the highly infectious and deadly nature of the virus, this widespread novel coronavirus disease 2019 (nCOVID-19) became a worldwide pandemic. Studies have revealed that various environmental factors including temperature, humidity, and air pollution may also affect the transmission pattern of COVID-19. Unfortunately, still, there is no specific drug that has been validated in large-scale studies to treat patients with confirmed nCOVID-19. However, remdesivir, an inhibitor of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), has appeared as an auspicious antiviral drug. Currently, a large-scale study on remdesivir (i.e., 200 mg on first day, then 100 mg once/day) is ongoing to evaluate its clinical efficacy to treat nCOVID-19. Good antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 was not observed with the use of lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Nonetheless, the combination of umifenovir and LPV/r was found to have better antiviral activity. Furthermore, a combination of hydroxychloroquine (i.e., 200 mg 3 times/day) and azithromycin (i.e., 500 mg on first day, then 250 mg/day from day 2-5) also exhibited good activity. Currently, there are also ongoing studies to evaluate the efficacy of teicoplanin and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Thus, in this article, we have analyzed the genetic diversity and molecular pathogenesis of nCOVID-19. We also present possible therapeutic options for nCOVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid32754571,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, Z and Han, C and Huang, H and Guo, Z and Xu, F},
title = {Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Treatment With Traditional Chinese Medicine: Response Philosophy in Another Culture.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {385},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00385},
pmid = {32754571},
issn = {2296-2565},
}
@article {pmid32754570,
year = {2020},
author = {Ahsan, W and Alhazmi, HA and Patel, KS and Mangla, B and Al Bratty, M and Javed, S and Najmi, A and Sultan, MH and Makeen, HA and Khalid, A and Mohan, S and Taha, MME and Sultana, S},
title = {Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis, Prevention, and Prospective Drug Therapy of COVID-19.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {384},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00384},
pmid = {32754570},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (CoV)-2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously called 2019 novel CoV, emerged from China in late December 2019. This virus causes CoV disease-19 (COVID-19), which has been proven a global pandemic leading to a major outbreak. As of June 19, 2020, the data from the World Health Organization (WHO) showed more than 8.7 million confirmed cases in over 200 countries/regions. The WHO has declared COVID-19 as the sixth public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. CoVs cause illnesses that range in severity from the common cold to severe respiratory illnesses and death. Nevertheless, with technological advances and imperative lessons gained from prior outbreaks, humankind is better outfitted to deal with the latest emerging group of CoVs. Studies on the development of in vitro diagnostic tests, vaccines, and drug re-purposing are being carried out in this field. Currently, no approved treatment is available for SARS-CoV-2 given the lack of evidence. The results from preliminary clinical trials have been mixed as far as improvement in the clinical condition and reduction in the duration of treatment are concerned. A number of new clinical trials are currently in progress to test the efficacy and safety of various approved drugs. This review focuses on recent advancements in the field of development of diagnostic tests, vaccines, and treatment approaches for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754569,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, J and Zhao, X and Liu, X and Sun, W and Zhou, L and Wang, Y and Sui, H},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Eosinophils in Young SARS-CoV-2-Positive Chinese Travelers Returning to Shanghai.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {368},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00368},
pmid = {32754569},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 outbreak, which was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, began to spread throughout the world, and now involves over 200 countries. Methods: A total of 37 overseas young and middle-aged people, who tested as SARS-CoV-2 positive upon their return to Shanghai, were enrolled for an analysis of their clinical symptoms, blood routine indexes, and lung CT images. Results: The clinical symptoms were characterized by fever (51.4%), dry cough (13.5%), expectoration (27.0%), hypodynamia (21.6%), pharyngalia (10.8%), pharynoxerosis (8.1%), rhinobyon (13.5%), rhinorrhea (8.1%), muscular soreness (16.2%), and diarrhea (2.7%). In 16.2% of cases, no symptoms were reported. Fever was the most common symptom (51.40%). The pneumonic changes referred to the latticed ground glass imaging and similar white lung imaging accompanied by consolidated shadows. The rate of pneumonia was high (81.10%). We found that the exclusive percent of eosinophils was abnormally low. By analyzing the correlation of eosinophils, fever, and pneumonia, we found that the percentage of eosinophils was low in the COVID-19 patients afflicted with fever or pneumonia (P < 0.01). Additionally, pneumonia and fever were negatively correlated with the percentage of eosinophils and eosinophils/neutrophils ratio (P < 0.01, respectively), but not associated with pneumonia severity (P > 0.05). Fever was not correlated with pneumonia (P > 0.05). Conclusion: A low percentage of eosinophils may be considered as a biomarker of pneumonia of COVID-19, but not as a biomarker of pneumonia severity.},
}
@article {pmid32754568,
year = {2020},
author = {Meyer, A and Sadler, R and Faverjon, C and Cameron, AR and Bannister-Tyrrell, M},
title = {Evidence That Higher Temperatures Are Associated With a Marginally Lower Incidence of COVID-19 Cases.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {367},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00367},
pmid = {32754568},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {Seasonal variations in COVID-19 incidence have been suggested as a potentially important factor in the future trajectory of the pandemic. Using global line-list data on COVID-19 cases reported until 17th of March 2020 and global gridded weather data, we assessed the effects of air temperature and relative humidity on the daily incidence of confirmed COVID-19 local cases at the subnational level (first-level administrative divisions). After adjusting for surveillance capacity and time since first imported case, average temperature had a statistically significant, negative association with COVID-19 incidence for temperatures of -15°C and above. However, temperature only explained a relatively modest amount of the total variation in COVID-19 cases. The effect of relative humidity was not statistically significant. These results suggest that warmer weather may modestly reduce the rate of spread of COVID-19, but anticipation of a substantial decline in transmission due to temperature alone with onset of summer in the northern hemisphere, or in tropical regions, is not warranted by these findings.},
}
@article {pmid32754567,
year = {2020},
author = {Mallow, PJ and Jones, M},
title = {When Second Best Might Be the Best: Using Hospitalization Data to Monitor the Novel Coronavirus Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {348},
doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00348},
pmid = {32754567},
issn = {2296-2565},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus' high rate of asymptomatic transmission combined with a lack of testing kits call for a different approach to monitor its spread and severity. We proposed the use of hospitalizations and hospital utilization data to monitor the spread and severity. A proposed threshold of a declining 7-day moving average over a 14-day period, &quot;7&amp;14&quot; was set to communicate when a wave of the novel coronavirus may have passed. The state of Ohio was chosen to illustrate this threshold. While not the ideal solution for monitoring the spread of the epidemic, the proposed approach is an easy to implement framework accounting for limitations of the data inherent in the current epidemic. Hospital administrators and policy makers may benefit from incorporating this approach into their decision making.},
}
@article {pmid32754471,
year = {2020},
author = {Deora, S and Bhardwaj, P and Garg, MK},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical management protocols for cardiac disease patients at teaching institute in Western Rajasthan.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2186-2187},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_558_20},
pmid = {32754471},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {The world is facing the new pandemic COVID-19 caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The demography and socio-economic condition are highly varied in different parts of the world. India also has braced itself to fight with this novel threat. Patients with COVID-19 may have primary cardiac involvement or may have associated cardiac disease. Therefore, the institution needs a protocol in managing cardiac patients during this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32754469,
year = {2020},
author = {Sureka, B and Sinha, A and Tak, V and Garg, MK and Bhatia, PK and Bhardwaj, P and Nag, VL and Dutt, N and Elhence, A and Bhaskar, S and Bishnoi, A and Chauhan, N and Bishnoi, NR and Misra, S},
title = {Customized personal protective equipment (PPE): Solution to conservation and management of supplies during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2180-2182},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_556_20},
pmid = {32754469},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {In the COVID-19 pandemic, global health care systems have become overwhelmed with potentially infectious patients seeking testing and care. Preventing spread of infection to and from health care workers (HCWs) and patients relies on effective use of personal protective equipment(PPE). The most critical part in due course of managing this pandemic is adequate supply of PPEs. We have customized a PPE which is economical and reusable after proper disinfection. This customized PPE can be a solution to conservation of supply during this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32754467,
year = {2020},
author = {Thangaraju, P and Gurunthalingam, MP and Varthya, S and Venkatesan, S and Thangaraju, E},
title = {COVID-19: Older drugs for a novel disease-Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, and possible Pentoxifylline-set to start the second innings?.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2172-2175},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_422_20},
pmid = {32754467},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {Currently no drug is approved for the prophylaxis and management of COVID 19. Lots of activities on vaccine and trials with drugs are underway. Some evidence have shown positive results using older established drug in the management of severe cases. We are also of same view and opinion to adopt some emergency measure by pharmacological intervention till a newer drug available in the market.},
}
@article {pmid32754466,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, S},
title = {Disability ethics in the coronavirus crisis.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2167-2171},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_588_20},
pmid = {32754466},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {The disability viewpoint is fundamental for understanding and advancing social justice for everyone in the population. Despite this fact, it is regularly dismissed by public health experts and policymakers. Understanding of disability rights is central in an all-inclusive COVID-19 preparedness. This paper attempts to explore disability ethics in understanding structural discrimination, equitable practices, respect for disability culture and ways to safeguard health care professionals with disabilities in the coronavirus pandemic. In crisis standards of care, resource allocations must not be solely based on a disabled person's subjective quality of life. Health professionals should avoid stereotypes about an individual's disability to ration care. Triage protocol committees and disaster risk reduction working groups should explicitly recruit people with disabilities and chronic illnesses in their response strategies. Disability ethics can reform medical rationing by removing prejudices and safeguarding fair protection of the interests of all patients, including those with a disability.},
}
@article {pmid32754465,
year = {2020},
author = {Raina, SK and Kumar, R and Galwankar, S and Garg, S and Bhatt, R and Dhariwal, AC and Christopher, DJ and Parekh, BJ and Krishnan, SV and Aggarwal, P and Gilada, I and Bodhankar, U},
title = {Are we prepared? Lessons from Covid-19 and OMAG position paper on epidemic preparedness.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2161-2166},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_384_20},
pmid = {32754465},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {Covid-19 has once again brought into focus our limited preparedness to deal with epidemics. Most nations, across the globe, have responded with a resolve to come stronger out of this crisis and leaderships across the world have shown great commitment to protecting its people from Covid-19. Covid-19 has also taught us a few things for the future. One such learning has been that a strong shift in focus towards non-communicable diseases driving health infrastructure across the globe for the last few decades has come at neglect of communicable diseases. In that sense, therefore, the current pandemic has been a wake-up call. Organised Medicine Academic Guild (OMAG), an umbrella organization of professional associations gathered a group of health experts to develop a policy document on epidemic preparedness to limit the influence of epidemics like Covid-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754463,
year = {2020},
author = {Sahu, KK and Kumar, R},
title = {Preventive and treatment strategies of COVID-19: From community to clinical trials.},
journal = {Journal of family medicine and primary care},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {2149-2157},
doi = {10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_728_20},
pmid = {32754463},
issn = {2249-4863},
abstract = {The latest threat to global health is the form of the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This new coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) started as a local outbreak in Wuhan, China but soon tightened its grip on human lives around the globe. So far, we do not have a particularly effective anti-SARS-COV-2 vaccine or antiviral agent against COVID-19. Across the globe, many research organizations such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), United States are studying and testing various drugs and vaccines for their effectiveness against SARS-COV-2. Currently, the principle fighting tool being promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) is the prevention of acquiring SARS-COV-2 infection by following basic health hygiene rules and social distancing. We hereby discuss major non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions.},
}
@article {pmid32754447,
year = {2020},
author = {Romito, F and Dellino, M and Loseto, G and Opinto, G and Silvestris, E and Cormio, C and Guarini, A and Minoia, C},
title = {Psychological Distress in Outpatients With Lymphoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1270},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2020.01270},
pmid = {32754447},
issn = {2234-943X},
abstract = {Cancer patients are a population at high risk of contracting COVID-19 and, also of developing severe complications due to the infection, which is especially true when they are undergoing immunosuppressive treatment. Despite this, they had still to go to hospital to receive chemotherapy during lockdown. In this context, we have evaluated the psychological status of onco-hematological outpatients receiving infusion and not deferrable anti-neoplastic treatment for lymphoproliferative neoplasms, with the aim of both measuring the levels of post-traumatic symptoms, depression, and anxiety during the pandemic and also of investigating the perception of risk of potential nosocomial infection. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were administered to all patients. Moreover, patients were investigated about their worries regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their lives as onco-hematologic patients. Since the 2nd to the 29th April 2020 (during the first phase of the lockdown period in Italy), 77 outpatients were prospectively evaluated. They were diagnosed with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma, and Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/Small lymphocytic lymphoma. The mean age was 56.6 (range 22-85). We found that 36% of patients had anxiety (HADS-A), 31% depression (HADS-D), and 43% were above the cut-off for the HADS-General Scale; 36% fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Women and younger patients were found to be more vulnerable to anxiety and PTSD. The study firstly analyzes the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the frail population of patients affected by lymphoproliferative neoplasms, to underly the importance of screening patients for emotional and distress conditions and then offering them psychological support.},
}
@article {pmid32754446,
year = {2020},
author = {Di Cosimo, S and Porcu, L and Malfettone, A and Cortés, J and Miceli, R},
title = {Commentary: SARS-CoV-2 Transmission in Patients With Cancer at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Wuhan, China.},
journal = {Frontiers in oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {1223},
doi = {10.3389/fonc.2020.01223},
pmid = {32754446},
issn = {2234-943X},
}
@article {pmid32754437,
year = {2020},
author = {Pergolizzi, JV and Magnusson, P and LeQuang, JA and Breve, F and Paladini, A and Rekatsina, M and Yeam, CT and Imani, F and Saltelli, G and Taylor, R and Wollmuth, C and Varrassi, G},
title = {The Current Clinically Relevant Findings on COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Anesthesiology and pain medicine},
volume = {10},
number = {2},
pages = {e103819},
doi = {10.5812/aapm.103819},
pmid = {32754437},
issn = {2228-7523},
abstract = {The emergence of a novel coronavirus and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a challenge to global healthcare. In the past 20 years, this is the third coronavirus that jumped the species barrier and infected humans. It is highly contagious but associated with low pathogenicity. First identified in Wuhan, China, a city of over 11 million, the disease has since spread to every continent except Antarctica. About 15% to 20% of all cases may be called severe, and it is believed many cases are asymptomatic. The average age of a person with COVID has been reported as 49 years. Worse outcomes are associated with geriatric populations and those with underlying diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory disorders, and/or diabetes. The coronavirus, like other coronaviruses, is highly contagious and has a latency period of about 14 days. Most patients present with fever and a dry cough, but fever may be absent. Differential diagnosis can be challenging since influenza may present with similar symptoms. Chest radiography or computed tomography may be used to find evidence of secondary pneumonia. Nosocomial infection is of concern, and it has been reported that 3.8% of all cases with COVID-19 in that country involve healthcare workers in China. Most patients have mild disease, and supportive care suffices. A variety of repurposed and investigational drugs are being evaluated. There are currently no antiviral therapies or vaccines, even if many therapies are proposed. Hand hygiene, social distancing, and scientifically sound information are the best strategies at the moment to combat this epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid32754426,
year = {2020},
author = {Shams, A and Ata, F and Mushtaq, K and Munir, W and Yousaf, Z},
title = {Coronary thrombosis in a young male with COVID-19.},
journal = {IDCases},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {e00923},
doi = {10.1016/j.idcr.2020.e00923},
pmid = {32754426},
issn = {2214-2509},
abstract = {COVID-19 predominantly presents with respiratory symptoms, but other presentations are reported, including cardiac manifestations and thromboembolism. We present a healthy young gentleman with COVID-19 pneumonia, who developed acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to coronary thrombosis. He was managed successfully by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).},
}
@article {pmid32754425,
year = {2020},
author = {Chong, J and Ahmed, S and Hill, K},
title = {Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a pregnant patient with COVID-19 improved after delivery: A case report and brief review.},
journal = {Respiratory medicine case reports},
volume = {31},
number = {},
pages = {101171},
doi = {10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101171},
pmid = {32754425},
issn = {2213-0071},
abstract = {Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) can frequently occur as a complication of Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19). As the number of COVID-19 cases increases around the world, it is inevitable that COVID-19 and ARDS will complicate some pregnancies. Currently, there is scant data to guide decision-making on the timing of delivery for these patients. We present the case of a 41-year-old patient with severe ARDS from COVID-19 who was also 32 weeks pregnant, whose respiratory status improved dramatically after delivery.},
}
@article {pmid32754409,
year = {2020},
author = {Logan, G and Dub, L and Drone, E and Ganti, L and Webb, AL},
title = {Hypercoagulable State in COVID-19: A Case Series of Three Patients.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8872},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8872},
pmid = {32754409},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that originated in China in late 2019, has caused significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although fever, cough, and shortness of breath have been recognized as hallmark symptoms, other lesser known complications continue to be described. We report a series of three patients who presented to the emergency department, who tested positive for COVID-19, and were found to have or subsequently developed thromboembolic complications.},
}
@article {pmid32754408,
year = {2020},
author = {Khan, I and Ahmed, Z and Sarwar, A and Jamil, A and Anwer, F},
title = {The Potential Vaccine Component for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Vaccine Development Efforts.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8871},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8871},
pmid = {32754408},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The whole world is concerned about the pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), due to fatality of this condition. This has become a public health emergency of international concern. No specific vaccine and medicine have proven effective in large-sized trials at this time. With the rapidly increasing number of positive cases and deaths, there is a dire need for effective treatments and an effective vaccine for prevention. An urgent unmet need led to the planning and opening of multiple drug development trials for treatment and vaccine development. In this article, we have summarized data on cell receptor interactions and data on prospects of new vaccines targeting the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), and viral minigenes. We have tabulated the available data on various clinical trials testing various aspects of COVID-19 vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid32754403,
year = {2020},
author = {Peisachovich, E and Da Silva, C and Penhearow, NJ and Sombilon, EV and Koh, M},
title = {Implementing Virtual Simulated Person Methodology to Support the Shift to Online Learning: Technical Report.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8864},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8864},
pmid = {32754403},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically changed how education is delivered worldwide. The resultant rise of e-learning, whereby teaching is undertaken remotely and on digital platforms, has extensively impacted universities and other higher education organizations around the world. One approach to support this change in education delivery is the use of virtual simulation approaches. Our team at SimXSpace has piloted a virtual workshop using Zoom, an online video-conferencing platform, and virtual simulated persons (SPs) to support communication and interpersonal skills among learners. The main objective of the pilot virtual workshop was to develop and implement the SP methodology remotely via the Zoom platform (Zoom Video Communications, San Jose, California) and to evaluate its effectiveness as an immersive environment for simulation. The virtual workshop involved four instructors who intend to implement virtual SPs within their courses, two workshop facilitators, and two SPs. The workshop was conducted synchronously using Zoom features. The workshop followed a predefined structure and was completed as planned. Outcomes suggest that remote simulation delivery using virtual SPs and delivered online via Zoom is feasible and provides an effective environment in which to conduct SP methodology to teach communication and interpersonal skills. The findings suggest that remote simulation and virtual SPs can support experiential education and provide an effective and engaging learning environment. The virtual workshop was successful and laid a foundation for future online training programs for the use of SP methodology. Moreover, it formed an effective outline for subsequent iterations of this virtual training workshop and prompted discussion of plans for future workshops with various programs across a pan-university context.},
}
@article {pmid32754394,
year = {2020},
author = {Ehtesham, M and Almas, T and Akbar, A and Niaz, MA and Zia, N},
title = {Towards Effective Management Protocols: A Transnational Review of the State-of-the-Art of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8853},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8853},
pmid = {32754394},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has proliferated rapidly in Pakistan, adversely affecting every province. The grave repercussions that the pandemic has elicited in Pakistan have evoked a dire need for drastic measures to be employed at both the governmental and provincial levels. Due to the inequitable appropriation of healthcare resources with respect to the various provinces, however, a stark contrast in terms of morbidity and mortality persists. Furthermore, considering that Pakistani citizens constitute a noteworthy proportion of expatriates residing in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and the close proximity of the two countries, due consideration of the situation in the UAE is also warranted. We present a transnational review to delineate the current state-of-the-art in Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates and evaluate pragmatic management protocols that remain at the epicenter of a national healthcare conundrum.},
}
@article {pmid32754388,
year = {2020},
author = {Neupane, K and Ahmed, Z and Pervez, H and Ashraf, R and Majeed, A},
title = {Potential Treatment Options for COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review of Global Pharmacological Development Efforts.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8845},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8845},
pmid = {32754388},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), first reported in China during December of 2019, is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Infection later spread very rapidly around the globe with over 8,708,008 cases reported, including more than 461,715 deaths reported across at least 216 countries by June 20, 2020. It was declared as a global pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. With the rapidly increasing number of positive cases and deaths, there is a dire need for effective treatment. An urgent unmet need led to the planning and opening of multiple drug development trials for treatment and vaccine development. In this article, we have compiled comprehensive data on many candidate drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin, umifenovir, arbidol, lopinavir, ritonavir, baricitinib, hydroxychloroquine, nitazoxanide, azithromycin, baloxavir, oseltamivir, losartan, and tocilizumab. We have tabulated available data on various clinical trials testing various aspects of COVID-19 therapeutics.},
}
@article {pmid32754385,
year = {2020},
author = {Sheikh, MM and Ahmad, E and Jeelani, HM and Riaz, A and Muneeb, A},
title = {COVID-19 Pneumonia: An Emerging Cause of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8841},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8841},
pmid = {32754385},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is the leading cause of hyponatremia. We, herein, report a case of a patient with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) who developed sudden exertional dyspnea and hypoxia and was found to be hyponatremic. A diagnosis of SIADH was made due to COVID-19 pneumonia. The patient was managed conservatively with a significant improvement during the course of hospitalization and on follow-up.},
}
@article {pmid32754381,
year = {2020},
author = {Jain, U},
title = {Risk of COVID-19 due to Shortage of Personal Protective Equipment.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e8837},
doi = {10.7759/cureus.8837},
pmid = {32754381},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The supply of personal protective equipment (PPE) is inadequate throughout the United States and the world. This is especially true of N95 respirators. The cost of PPE is high. There are numerous cases of providers working with inadequate PPE and being disciplined on complaining. In the United States, thousands of providers have contracted COVID-19, in part due to inadequate PPE. Extended use and reuse of N95 respirators has been permitted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The N95 respirators can be sterilized utilizing vaporized hydrogen peroxide, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation, or dry heat at 70°C-80°C. The risk to providers due to inadequate PPE increases with their age and presence of comorbidities. African-Americans and Latinos are at a greater risk. CDC recommends that in the absence of appropriate PPE, &quot;exclude healthcare personnel at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 from contact with known or suspected COVID-19 patients.&quot; Providing care without appropriate PPE should not be a condition of employment for any provider, especially for the ones in high-risk category.},
}
@article {pmid32754377,
year = {2020},
author = {Angileri, SA and Petrillo, M and Meglio, LD and Arrichiello, A and Rodà, GM and Ierardi, AM and Uberoi, R and Carrafiello, G},
title = {Adverse Events in Coronavirus Disease Patients Management: A Pictorial Essay.},
journal = {Journal of clinical imaging science},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {42},
doi = {10.25259/JCIS_72_2020},
pmid = {32754377},
issn = {2156-7514},
abstract = {Clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) varies from asymptomatic to severe clinical forms that can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome or in multiple organ dysfunction syndromes. There are no guidelines, based on randomized controlled trials, for the treatment of COVID-19 patients. The treatment is based on antiviral drugs, invasive and non-invasive ventilation supports, and anticoagulant therapy. This is a pictorial essay covering the multiple adverse events encountered during the treatment of COVID-19 patients in an area with a high pandemic incidence. Adverse events are defined as unexpected events following treatment for the infection. The cases described would be useful in aiding early diagnosis, limiting and improving the management of serious complications for patients, and allowing rapid and appropriate treatment.},
}
@article {pmid32754375,
year = {2020},
author = {Bagnera, S and Bisanti, F and Tibaldi, C and Pasquino, M and Berrino, G and Ferraro, R and Patania, S},
title = {Performance of Radiologists in the Evaluation of the Chest Radiography with the Use of a &quot;new software score&quot; in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia Suspected Patients.},
journal = {Journal of clinical imaging science},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {40},
doi = {10.25259/JCIS_76_2020},
pmid = {32754375},
issn = {2156-7514},
abstract = {Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of radiologists using a new software called &quot;COVID-19 score&quot; when performing chest radiography on patients potentially infected by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia. Chest radiography (or chest X-ray, CXR) and CT are important for the imaging diagnosis of the coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19). CXR mobile devices are efficient during epidemies, because allow to reduce the risk of contagion and are easy to sanitize.<br><br>Material and Methods: From February-April 2020, 14 radiologists retrospectively evaluated a pool of 312 chest X-ray exams to test a new software function for lung imaging analysis based on radiological features and graded on a three-point scale. This tool automatically generates a cumulative score (0-18). The intra- rater agreement (evaluated with Fleiss's method) and the average time for the compilation of the banner were calculated.<br><br>Results: Fourteen radiologists evaluated 312 chest radiographs of COVID-19 pneumonia suspected patients (80 males and 38 females) with an average age of 64, 47 years. The inter-rater agreement showed a Fleiss' kappa value of 0.53 and the intra-group agreement varied from Fleiss' Kappa value between 0.49 and 0.59, indicating a moderate agreement (considering as &quot;moderate&quot; ranges 0.4-0.6). The years of work experience were irrelevant. The average time for obtaining the result with the automatic software was between 7 s (e.g., zero COVID-19 score) and 21 s (e.g., with COVID-19 score from 6 to 12).<br><br>Conclusion: The use of automatic software for the generation of a CXR &quot;COVID-19 score&quot; has proven to be simple, fast, and replicable. Implementing this tool with scores weighed on the number of lung pathological areas, a useful parameter for clinical monitoring could be available.},
}
@article {pmid32754345,
year = {2020},
author = {Lakissian, Z and Sabouneh, R and Zeineddine, R and Fayad, J and Banat, R and Sharara-Chami, R},
title = {In-situ simulations for COVID-19: a safety II approach towards resilient performance.},
journal = {Advances in simulation (London, England)},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {15},
doi = {10.1186/s41077-020-00137-x},
pmid = {32754345},
issn = {2059-0628},
abstract = {Background: COVID-19 has taken the world by surprise; even the most sophisticated healthcare systems have been unable to cope with the volume of patients and lack of resources. Yet the gradual spread of the virus in Lebanon has allowed healthcare facilities critical time to prepare. Simulation is the most practical avenue not only for preparing the staff but also for troubleshooting system's latent safety threats (LSTs) and for understanding these challenges via Hollnagel's safety I-II approaches.<br><br>Methods: This is a quality improvement initiative: daily in situ simulations were conducted across various departments at the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC), a tertiary medical care center in Beirut, Lebanon. These simulations took place in the hospital with native multidisciplinary teams of 3-5 members followed by debriefing with good judgment using the modified PEARLS (Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation) for systems integration. All participants completed the simulation effectiveness tool (SET-M) to assess the simulation. Debriefings were analyzed qualitatively for content based on the Safety Model and LST identification, and the SET-Ms were analyzed quantitatively.<br><br>Results: Twenty-two simulations have been conducted with 131 participants. SET-M results showed that the majority (78-87%) strongly agreed to the effectiveness of the intervention. We were able to glean several clinical and human factor safety I-II components and LSTs such as overall lack of preparedness and awareness of donning/doffing of personal protective equipment (PPE), delayed response time, lack of experience in rapid sequence intubation, inability to timely and effectively assign roles, and lack of situational awareness. On the other hand, teams quickly recognized the patient's clinical status and often communicated effectively.<br><br>Conclusion: This intervention allowed us to detect previously unrecognized LSTs, prepare our personnel, and offer crucial practical hands-on experience for an unprecedented healthcare crisis.},
}
@article {pmid32754319,
year = {2020},
author = {Melidis, C and Vantsos, M},
title = {[Comment] Ethical and practical considerations on cancer recommendations during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Molecular and clinical oncology},
volume = {13},
number = {3},
pages = {5},
doi = {10.3892/mco.2020.2075},
pmid = {32754319},
issn = {2049-9450},
abstract = {National and international authorities and societies have recently published important cancer treatment recommendations in order to propose extra measures that should be taken during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as prioritisation of intend-to-cure treatments and younger patients, omission of non-urgent cases, and reduction of personnel present. These measures raise important ethical considerations, since they prioritise protection of Health Systems and Professionals without seemingly taking cancer patient feelings of stress into consideration. This could lead to an erosion of the physician-patient relationship, which is considered the core element of medical ethics. Moreover, they raise practical concerns about the continuous education of Health Professionals, the status of reference centres and the evaluation of the hitherto cancer treatments.},
}
@article {pmid32754314,
year = {2020},
author = {Hussein, NR and Naqid, IA and Saleem, ZSM and Almizori, LA and Musa, DH and Ibrahim, N},
title = {A sharp increase in the number of COVID-19 cases and case fatality rates after lifting the lockdown in Kurdistan region of Iraq.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {57},
number = {},
pages = {140-142},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.030},
pmid = {32754314},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {With the appearance of first cases of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), strict control measures were implemented in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq to combat the infection. These measures included the closure of schools and universities, the closure of borders and airports, cancellation of public and religious gatherings, and mandatory quarantine for persons returning from traveling abroad. Such measures have played a major role in the control of COVID-19 spread. However, due to social and economic pressures, the government relaxed the lockdown. After relaxing the measures, a sharp increase in the number of patients was noticed. Besides, there was a significant increase in the number of symptomatic patients and the case fatality rate was doubled. In addition, the outbreak and outbreak response led to the loss of trust and a breakdown in relations between the society and local authority. To minimize the consequences for population health, local authority should have a plan that balances between health imperatives and socioeconomic imperatives. Finally, to be successful in controlling the infection, the government must rebuild public trust in the handling of COVID-19 outbreak and compensate people for lost earnings.},
}
@article {pmid32754313,
year = {2020},
author = {Balhareth, A and AlDuhileb, MA and Aldulaijan, FA and Aldossary, MY},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on residency and fellowship training programs in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide cross-sectional study.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {57},
number = {},
pages = {127-132},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.025},
pmid = {32754313},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly impacted residency and fellowship training and education. However, how and to what extent the daily involvement of trainees in clinical and surgical activities was compromised by the COVID-19 pandemic is currently unknown.<br><br>Materials and methods: We conducted an electronic survey. An invitation was sent through the executive training administration of the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties (SCFHS) randomly to 400 residents and fellows over two weeks period from April 23, 2020 until May 6, 2020. Descriptive statistics were presented using counts and proportions (%). The comparison between the trainees among the socio-demographic and the characteristics of trainees toward the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on their training had been conducted using the Chi-square test. A p-value cut off point of 0.05 at 95% Confidence Interval (CI) used to determine statistical significance.<br><br>Results: Out of the 400 questionnaires distributed, 240 trainees responded, resulting in a response rate of 60%. The most frequently cited specialty was surgical (41.3%) and medical (38.3%). Approximately 43% of them had direct contact with patients with COVID-19, and 43.8% had enough training regarding the proper use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). There were seven responders (2.9%) who had been infected by the disease. Among them, 6 (2.5%) members of their family had also been infected. Approximately 84.6% reported a reduction in training activities due to the current pandemic. Of those with surgical specialties, almost all (97%) reported that their surgical exposure reduced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Conclusion: The adoption of smart learning is critical. For those who have been affected by examination delays, we recommend continuing to revise steadily using webinars, podcasts, prerecorded sessions, and social media. Routine activities such as journal clubs and departmental teaching should continue through webinars, if possible.},
}
@article {pmid32754312,
year = {2020},
author = {Lester, M and Sahin, A and Pasyar, A},
title = {The use of dexamethasone in the treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {218-219},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.004},
pmid = {32754312},
issn = {2049-0801},
}
@article {pmid32754311,
year = {2020},
author = {Atalan, A},
title = {Erratum to &quot;Is the lockdown important to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic? Effects on psychology, environment and economy-perspective&quot; [Ann. Med. Surg. 56 (2020) 38-42].},
journal = {Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)},
volume = {56},
number = {},
pages = {217},
doi = {10.1016/j.amsu.2020.07.001},
pmid = {32754311},
issn = {2049-0801},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2020.06.010.].},
}
@article {pmid32754309,
year = {2020},
author = {Yogeswaran, A and Gall, H and Tello, K and Grünig, E and Xanthouli, P and Ewert, R and Kamp, JC and Olsson, KM and Wißmüller, M and Rosenkranz, S and Klose, H and Harbaum, L and Lange, TJ and Opitz, CF and Waelde, A and Milger, K and Sommer, N and Seeger, W and Ghofrani, HA and Richter, MJ},
title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on pulmonary hypertension out-patient clinics in Germany: a multi-centre study.},
journal = {Pulmonary circulation},
volume = {10},
number = {3},
pages = {2045894020941682},
doi = {10.1177/2045894020941682},
pmid = {32754309},
issn = {2045-8932},
abstract = {Pulmonary hypertension is frequently underdiagnosed, and referral is delayed with subsequent impact on outcomes. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, restrictions on daily life and changes in hospitals' daily routine care were introduced in Germany. This multi-centre study provides evidence for a negative influence of these restrictions on patient care in pulmonary hypertension expert referral centres.},
}
@article {pmid32754298,
year = {2020},
author = {Manyanga, D and Byabamazima, C and Masvikeni, B and Daniel, F},
title = {Assessment of acute flaccid paralysis surveillance performance in East and Southern African countries 2012 - 2019.},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {71},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2020.36.71.23173},
pmid = {32754298},
issn = {1937-8688},
abstract = {Introduction: polio eradication initiatives started in 1988, this is almost the past 32 years following the WHA resolution 41.8 of eradicating polio by the year 2000. As of 2019, only 3 countries remained to be polio endemic globally, Afghanistan, Pakistan and Nigeria. The east and southern sub-region countries had shown progressive achievement towards polio eradication and to start with the African regional certification. The availability of sensitive AFP surveillance performance is among important strategies in the achievement of polio eradication. We, therefore, decided to conduct this assessment of AFP performance from 2012 to 2019 in the ESA sub-region have evidence documentation and support the certification process of the WHO AFRO region.<br><br>Methods: we reviewed all reported acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cases from 19 countries in the ESA sub region with the date of onset of paralysis from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019. The data were run to descriptive analysis based on the personal characteristics and AFP surveillance performance indicators parameters.<br><br>Results: a total of 46,014 AFP cases were reported from 19 countries in the ESA countries who were paralyzed from 1 January 2012 to 31 December 2019. The most affected age group was children aged 0 to 3 years old where 19,740 children with acute paralysis were reported representing 42.9% of the total reported AFP for the period. The overall assessment of the non-polio AFP rate, there is an increase from a rate of 2.7 in 2012 to 3.5 in 2019 per 100,000 population aged less than 15 years, reflects a significant change with a p-value of 0.040 (95% C.I. ranges from 0.035 to 1.564). Furthermore, the percentage of stool adequacy raised from 86.4% in 2012 to 88.5% in 2019, with an observed 2.1% difference and no significant change over the 8 years.<br><br>Conclusion: we observed an overall increase in the sensitivity of the AFP surveillance performance for the ESA sub-region countries from 2012 to 2019 using the national performance indicators. The COVID-19 pandemic paused an operational challenge for AFP surveillance performances from 2020. A further subnational surveillance performance analysis is suggested.},
}
@article {pmid32754254,
year = {2020},
author = {Begam, N and Bashar, MA},
title = {Olfactory and Taste Disorders in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e391-e392},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1713142},
pmid = {32754254},
issn = {1809-9777},
}
@article {pmid32754253,
year = {2020},
author = {Motta, G and Passali, D and Passali, GC and Cantone, E},
title = {The Italian Society Indication for Rhinologists during Covid-19: Italy Phase 2.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e388-e390},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1713141},
pmid = {32754253},
issn = {1809-9777},
}
@article {pmid32754250,
year = {2020},
author = {Rajendra Santosh, AB and Krishnamurthy, K and Baddam, VRR},
title = {Proposal of Research Model for the Detection of COVID-19 among Asymptomatic Carriers.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e376-e378},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712936},
pmid = {32754250},
issn = {1809-9777},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic and rapidly progressing infectious disease that represents a global health care emergency due to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Rapid tests detect antigen or antibody presence, which is useful for patient care and for assisting in disease surveillance and epidemiological research. The complicating aspect of the COVID-19 spread may be due to asymptomatic individuals. Unfortunately, asymptomatic individuals are not detected in the early stages of infection, which could help to prevent community spread. The present paper shares an opinion through the proposal of a research model for detecting COVID-19 among asymptomatic carriers.},
}
@article {pmid32754248,
year = {2020},
author = {Jotz, GP and Stein, A and Sirena, S and Barros, E and Baldisserotto, J and Figueiredo, JAP and Lavinsky, J and Steier, L and Dora, C},
title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic and Planetary Health. A Critical Review of Epidemiology, Prevention, Clinical Characteristics and Treatments for Oral, Head and Neck Health Professionals. Do We Have a Roadmap?.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e351-e358},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1714143},
pmid = {32754248},
issn = {1809-9777},
abstract = {Introduction Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is potentially the greatest global public health crisis of this century. This disease emerged as an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in Wuhan, the capital city of the Hubei province in China, in December 2019. Otolaryngologists, head and neck surgeons and dentists are at an increased risk of occupational disease. Objective The present review summarizes currently published evidence of Covid-19 epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment and prevention. No proven effective treatments for this disease currently exist. Data Synthesis COVID-19 started from a zoonotic transmission event associated with a large seafood market that also traded in live wild animals, and it soon became clear that efficient person-to-person transmission was also occurring. Symptoms are varied, and not all patients develop all of them. Conclusion Social distancing seems to have been successful in several places in the world. However, this recommendation alone is not enough to contain the disease, and it is not a long-term solution. Large-scale testing by health professionals of representative samples of the population may give an estimate of the progression of the disease. Different treatments are under test and bring hope of a cure to the population. However, no current treatments (April 27, 2020) have been proven to be the key to success in the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Planetary health is a useful concept to understand the current drivers of this pandemic and to draw a roadmap for science and healthcare that may guide actions to fight economic depression and ensure a healthy recovery.},
}
@article {pmid32754235,
year = {2020},
author = {Johnson, J and Chung, MT and Carron, MA and Chan, EY and Lin, HS and Hotaling, J},
title = {Novel Changes in Resident Education during a Pandemic: Strategies and Approaches to Maximize Residency Education and Safety.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e267-e271},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1714147},
pmid = {32754235},
issn = {1809-9777},
abstract = {Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a reduction in surgical and clinical volume, which has altered the traditional training experience of the otolaryngology resident. Objective To describe the strategies we utilized to maximize resident education as well as ensure patient and staff safety during the pandemic. Methods We developed a system that emphasized three key elements. First and foremost, patient care remained the core priority. Next, clinical duties were restructured to avoid unnecessary exposure of residents. The third component was ensuring continuation of resident education and maximizing learning experiences. Results To implement these key elements, our residency divided up our five hospitals into three functional groups based on geographical location and clinical volume. Each team works for three days at their assigned location before being replaced by the next three-person team at our two busiest sites. Resident teams are kept completely separate from each other, so that they do not interact with those working at other sites. Conclusions Despite the daily challenges encountered as we navigate through the COVID-19 pandemic, our otolaryngology residency program has been able to establish a suitable balance between maintenance of resident safety and well-being without compromise to patient care.},
}
@article {pmid32754234,
year = {2020},
author = {Kowalski, LP and Imamura, R and Castro Junior, G and Marta, GN and Chaves, ALF and Matos, LL and Bento, RF},
title = {Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Activity of Physicians Working in the Areas of Head and Neck Surgery and Otorhinolaryngology.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e258-e266},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712169},
pmid = {32754234},
issn = {1809-9777},
abstract = {Introduction Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection caused by the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and it is highly transmissible, especially through respiratory droplets. To prepare the health system for the care of these patients also led to a restriction in the activity of several medical specialties. Physicians who work with patients affected by diseases of the head and neck region constitute one of the populations most vulnerable to COVID-19 and also most affected by the interruption of their professional activities. Objective The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the practice of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists in Brazil. Methods An anonymous online survey of voluntary participation was applied, containing 30 questions regarding demographic aspects, availability of personal protective equipment (PPE), and impact on the routine of head and neck surgeons and otorhinolaryngologists, as well as clinical oncologists and radiation oncologists who work with head and neck diseases. Results Seven hundred and twenty-nine answers were received in a period of 4 days, ∼ 40 days after the 1 st confirmed case in Brazil. With professionals working in public and private services, there was a high level of concerns with the disease and its consequences, limited availability of PPE and a significant decrease in the volume of specialized medical care. Conclusion The study demonstrated a direct impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical practice of specialties related to the treatment of patients with diseases of the head and neck region already in the beginning of the illness management in Brazil.},
}
@article {pmid32754233,
year = {2020},
author = {Jotz, GP and Bittencourt, AG},
title = {Why We Need to Use and which Mask Types are Effective against the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)?.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e255-e257},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1713588},
pmid = {32754233},
issn = {1809-9777},
}
@article {pmid32754232,
year = {2020},
author = {Brook, I},
title = {Prevention of COVID-19 Infection in Neck Breathers, Including Laryngectomees.},
journal = {International archives of otorhinolaryngology},
volume = {24},
number = {3},
pages = {e253-e254},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1713140},
pmid = {32754232},
issn = {1809-9777},
}
@article {pmid32754225,
year = {2020},
author = {Dahab, M and van Zandvoort, K and Flasche, S and Warsame, A and Ratnayake, R and Favas, C and Spiegel, PB and Waldman, RJ and Checchi, F},
title = {COVID-19 control in low-income settings and displaced populations: what can realistically be done?.},
journal = {Conflict and health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {54},
doi = {10.1186/s13031-020-00296-8},
pmid = {32754225},
issn = {1752-1505},
abstract = {COVID-19 prevention strategies in resource limited settings, modelled on the earlier response in high income countries, have thus far focused on draconian containment strategies, which impose movement restrictions on a wide scale. These restrictions are unlikely to prevent cases from surging well beyond existing hospitalisation capacity; not withstanding their likely severe social and economic costs in the long term. We suggest that in low-income countries, time limited movement restrictions should be considered primarily as an opportunity to develop sustainable and resource appropriate mitigation strategies. These mitigation strategies, if focused on reducing COVID-19 transmission through a triad of prevention activities, have the potential to mitigate bed demand and mortality by a considerable extent. This triade is based on a combination of high-uptake of community led shielding of high-risk individuals, self-isolation of mild to moderately symptomatic cases, and moderate physical distancing in the community. We outline a set of principles for communities to consider how to support the protection of the most vulnerable, by shielding them from infection within and outside their homes. We further suggest three potential shielding options, with their likely applicability to different settings, for communities to consider and that would enable them to provide access to transmission-shielded arrangements for the highest risk community members. Importantly, any shielding strategy would need to be predicated on sound, locally informed behavioural science and monitored for effectiveness and evaluating its potential under realistic modelling assumptions. Perhaps, most importantly, it is essential that these strategies not be perceived as oppressive measures and be community led in their design and implementation. This is in order that they can be sustained for an extended period of time, until COVID-19 can be controlled or vaccine and treatment options become available.},
}
@article {pmid32754224,
year = {2020},
author = {Han, L and Wei, XX and Zheng, YJ and Zhang, LL and Wang, XM and Yang, HY and Ma, X and Zhao, LH and Tong, XL},
title = {Potential mechanism prediction of Cold-Damp Plague Formula against COVID-19 via network pharmacology analysis and molecular docking.},
journal = {Chinese medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {78},
doi = {10.1186/s13020-020-00360-8},
pmid = {32754224},
issn = {1749-8546},
abstract = {Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new global public health emergency. The therapeutic benefits of Cold‒Damp Plague Formula (CDPF) against COVID-19, which was used to treat &quot;cold‒dampness stagnation in the lung&quot; in Trial Versions 6 and 7 of the &quot;Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19&quot;, have been demonstrated, but the effective components and their mechanism of action remain unclear.<br><br>Methods: In this study, a network pharmacology approach was employed, including drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, protein‒protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway annotation, and virtual docking, to predict the bioactive components, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of CDPF for COVID-19 treatment.<br><br>Results: The active compound of herbs in CDPF and their candidate targets were obtained through database mining, and an herbs-ingredients-targets network was constructed. Subsequently, the candidate targets of the active compounds were compared to those relevant to COVID-19, to identify the potential targets of CDPF for COVID-19 treatment. Subsequently, the PPI network was constructed, which provided a basis for cluster analysis and hub gene screening. The seed targets in the most significant module were selected for further functional annotation. GO enrichment analysis identified four main areas: (1) cellular responses to external stimuli, (2) regulation of blood production and circulation, (3) free radical regulation, (4) immune regulation and anti-inflammatory effects. KEGG pathway analysis also revealed that CDPF could play pharmacological roles against COVID-19 through &quot;multi components‒multi targets‒multi pathways&quot; at the molecular level, mainly involving anti-viral, immune-regulatory, and anti-inflammatory pathways; consequently, a &quot;CDPF-herbs-ingredients-targets-pathways-COVID-19&quot; network was constructed. In hub target analysis, the top hub target IL6, and ACE2, the receptor via which SARS-CoV-2 typically enters host cells, were selected for molecular docking analyses, and revealed good binding activities.<br><br>Conclusions: This study revealed the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism by which CDPF treatment is effective against COVID-19, and provides a reference basis for the wider application and further mechanistic investigations of CDPF in the fight against COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754209,
year = {2020},
author = {Abdollahi, A and Mahmoudi-Aliabadi, M and Mehrtash, V and Jafarzadeh, B and Salehi, M},
title = {The Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Vulnerability Association with ABO/Rh Blood Types.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {156-160},
doi = {10.30699/ijp.2020.125135.2367},
pmid = {32754209},
issn = {1735-5303},
abstract = {Background &amp; Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most recent emerging viral disease. Defining the epidemiological aspects and factors influencing the susceptibility of the patients to COVID-19 has been an ongoing struggle. In the present study, we have investigated the connection between ABO histo-blood group phenotypes and the COVID-19.<br><br>Methods: This study was conducted on 397 patients with confirmed diagnoses of COVID-19 admitted to our center. Also, 500 individuals were selected to form the controls, all of whom had been disclosed to the same medical center in June 2019, before the onset of the outbreak.<br><br>Results: Our results demonstrated ABO histo-blood phenotypes are correlated with patients' susceptibility to the infection. A higher rate of infection was observed among patients with the AB histo-blood group, while patients with the O histo-blood group have shown a lower rate of infection. The Rh blood group phenotype was not statistically significant in determining a patient's vulnerability.<br><br>Conclusion: Similar to several previous studies about other viral diseases' association with ABO histo-blood groups, we have concluded that an individual's ABO histo-blood group phenotype and his/her susceptibility to COVID-19 are indeed connected. So far, only one research has been conducted about this association. Interestingly, while we observed a decreased vulnerability to the disease among patients with an O histo-blood group, we have reached discordant results regarding the increased susceptibility among individuals with an AB histo-blood group, unlike A histo-blood group in the previous study.},
}
@article {pmid32754208,
year = {2020},
author = {Jalali Nadoushan, M and Ahmadi, S and Jalali Nadoushan, P},
title = {Serology Testing for SARS-CoV-2: Benefits and Challenges.},
journal = {Iranian journal of pathology},
volume = {15},
number = {3},
pages = {154-155},
doi = {10.30699/IJP.2020.39841},
pmid = {32754208},
issn = {1735-5303},
}
@article {pmid32754206,
year = {2020},
author = {Marín-Sánchez, A},
title = {[Basic clinical characteristics in the first 100 fatal cases of COVID-19 in Colombia].},
journal = {Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health},
volume = {44},
number = {},
pages = {e87},
doi = {10.26633/RPSP.2020.87},
pmid = {32754206},
issn = {1680-5348},
abstract = {The basic clinical characteristics of the first 100 fatal cases from COVID-19 in Colombia were analyzed based on reports from the National Institute of Health (INS) since the beginning of the pandemic. Since the INS records do not include clinical variables of comorbidity in the total number of cases reported as positive, but only in patients with fatal outcome, comorbidities, age and sex available in the daily INS reports were reviewed. Their frequency was identified and mortality risk behavior for the analyzed variables was established and compared with the behavior described in the international literature. Of the 100 cases, 63 were male, the mean age was 65.75 ± 18.11 years, and in 22 of them no comorbidity had been reported. The most frequently reported comorbidities were arterial hypertension (35%), diabetes mellitus (21%), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease (19%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16%), obesity (12%), smoking (9%) and thyroid disease (8%). Patients over 60 years of age presented a higher risk of mortality (OR 10.31, IC95% 6.67-15.94, p < 0.0001). Ten percent of the deceased patients were under 60 years of age and did not present comorbidity.},
}
@article {pmid32754205,
year = {2020},
author = {Sola, A and Rodríguez, S and Cardetti, M and Dávila, C},
title = {[Perinatal COVID-19 in Latin America].},
journal = {Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health},
volume = {44},
number = {},
pages = {e47},
doi = {10.26633/RPSP.2020.47},
pmid = {32754205},
issn = {1680-5348},
abstract = {Objective: To evaluate and report the clinical characteristics and outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women and newborns in Latin America.<br><br>Methods: Descriptive study based on the prospective report of the units of the Ibero-American Society of Neonatology Network.<br><br>Results: Of 86 pregnant women with COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR in seven countries (6 from Latin America, and Equatorial Guinea) 68% (59) were asymptomatic. Of 32% of symptomatic women, 89% (24) had mild symptoms and 3.5% (3) had severe respiratory symptoms. No women died. The cesarean section rate was 38%; gestational age was < 37 weeks in 6% of cases. RT-PCR was performed on all newborns between 16 and 36 hours of age; 6 (7%) were positive. All of them presented mild and transient respiratory distress; none died. Two newborns with negative RT-PCR died from other causes. Breastfeeding was authorized in only 24% of mothers; in 13% milk was expressed and 63% of newborns were fed with formula. In 76% of cases the motherchild pair was separated, and in 95% of cases the mother could not be accompanied at delivery or during the postpartum period.<br><br>Conclusions: The lack of maternal accompaniment, the low rate of breastfeeding and the frequent separation of the mother-child dyad are of concern. The health care team must reflect on the need to defend humanized and family-centered care during this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32754165,
year = {2020},
author = {Mayor-Ibarguren, A and Busca-Arenzana, C and Robles-Marhuenda, Á},
title = {A Hypothesis for the Possible Role of Zinc in the Immunological Pathways Related to COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1736},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01736},
pmid = {32754165},
issn = {1664-3224},
}
@article {pmid32754164,
year = {2020},
author = {Wessels, I and Rolles, B and Rink, L},
title = {The Potential Impact of Zinc Supplementation on COVID-19 Pathogenesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1712},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01712},
pmid = {32754164},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {During the current corona pandemic, new therapeutic options against this viral disease are urgently desired. Due to the rapid spread and immense number of affected individuals worldwide, cost-effective, globally available, and safe options with minimal side effects and simple application are extremely warranted. This review will therefore discuss the potential of zinc as preventive and therapeutic agent alone or in combination with other strategies, as zinc meets all the above described criteria. While a variety of data on the association of the individual zinc status with viral and respiratory tract infections are available, study evidence regarding COVID-19 is so far missing but can be assumed as was indicated by others and is detailed in this perspective, focusing on re-balancing of the immune response by zinc supplementation. Especially, the role of zinc in viral-induced vascular complications has barely been discussed, so far. Interestingly, most of the risk groups described for COVID-19 are at the same time groups that were associated with zinc deficiency. As zinc is essential to preserve natural tissue barriers such as the respiratory epithelium, preventing pathogen entry, for a balanced function of the immune system and the redox system, zinc deficiency can probably be added to the factors predisposing individuals to infection and detrimental progression of COVID-19. Finally, due to its direct antiviral properties, it can be assumed that zinc administration is beneficial for most of the population, especially those with suboptimal zinc status.},
}
@article {pmid32754163,
year = {2020},
author = {Tang, Y and Liu, J and Zhang, D and Xu, Z and Ji, J and Wen, C},
title = {Cytokine Storm in COVID-19: The Current Evidence and Treatment Strategies.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1708},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01708},
pmid = {32754163},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) is the pathogen that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As of 25 May 2020, the outbreak of COVID-19 has caused 347,192 deaths around the world. The current evidence showed that severely ill patients tend to have a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, compared to those who are moderately ill. The high level of cytokines also indicates a poor prognosis in COVID-19. Besides, excessive infiltration of pro-inflammatory cells, mainly involving macrophages and T-helper 17 cells, has been found in lung tissues of patients with COVID-19 by postmortem examination. Recently, increasing studies indicate that the &quot;cytokine storm&quot; may contribute to the mortality of COVID-19. Here, we summarize the clinical and pathologic features of the cytokine storm in COVID-19. Our review shows that SARS-Cov-2 selectively induces a high level of IL-6 and results in the exhaustion of lymphocytes. The current evidence indicates that tocilizumab, an IL-6 inhibitor, is relatively effective and safe. Besides, corticosteroids, programmed cell death protein (PD)-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition, cytokine-adsorption devices, intravenous immunoglobulin, and antimalarial agents could be potentially useful and reliable approaches to counteract cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients.},
}
@article {pmid32754162,
year = {2020},
author = {Jewett, A},
title = {The Potential Effect of Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 on NK Cells; A Perspective on Potential Therapeutic Interventions.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1692},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01692},
pmid = {32754162},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Coronavirus-induced disease-2019 (COVID-19) continues to cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While studies on SARS-CoV-2 effects on immune cell function continue to progress, we know very little about the significance of depletion of key immune effectors by the virus in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. This commentary outlines what is the reported literature thus far on the effect of virus on NK cells known to kill virally infected cells. It also underscores the necessity for the future comprehensive studies of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals and animal models to better understand the role and significance of reported NK cell depletion and functional inactivation in disease morbidity and mortality, in hope to design effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.},
}
@article {pmid32754161,
year = {2020},
author = {Choudhary, S and Malik, YS and Tomar, S},
title = {Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Inhibitors by Drug Repurposing Using in silico Structure-Based Virtual Screening Approach.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1664},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01664},
pmid = {32754161},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {The rapidly spreading, highly contagious and pathogenic SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) associated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). The novel 2019 SARS-CoV-2 enters the host cell by binding of the viral surface spike glycoprotein (S-protein) to cellular angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The virus specific molecular interaction with the host cell represents a promising therapeutic target for identifying SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs. The repurposing of drugs can provide a rapid and potential cure toward exponentially expanding COVID-19. Thereto, high throughput virtual screening approach was used to investigate FDA approved LOPAC library drugs against both the receptor binding domain of spike protein (S-RBD) and ACE2 host cell receptor. Primary screening identified a few promising molecules for both the targets, which were further analyzed in details by their binding energy, binding modes through molecular docking, dynamics and simulations. Evidently, GR 127935 hydrochloride hydrate, GNF-5, RS504393, TNP, and eptifibatide acetate were found binding to virus binding motifs of ACE2 receptor. Additionally, KT203, BMS195614, KT185, RS504393, and GSK1838705A were identified to bind at the receptor binding site on the viral S-protein. These identified molecules may effectively assist in controlling the rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 by not only potentially inhibiting the virus at entry step but are also hypothesized to act as anti-inflammatory agents, which could impart relief in lung inflammation. Timely identification and determination of an effective drug to combat and tranquilize the COVID-19 global crisis is the utmost need of hour. Further, prompt in vivo testing to validate the anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibition efficiency by these molecules could save lives is justified.},
}
@article {pmid32754160,
year = {2020},
author = {Naz, A and Shahid, F and Butt, TT and Awan, FM and Ali, A and Malik, A},
title = {Designing Multi-Epitope Vaccines to Combat Emerging Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) by Employing Immuno-Informatics Approach.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1663},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01663},
pmid = {32754160},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {A recent pandemic caused by a single-stranded RNA virus, COVID-19, initially discovered in China, is now spreading globally. This poses a serious threat that needs to be addressed immediately. Genome analysis of SARS-CoV-2 has revealed its close relation to SARS-coronavirus along with few changes in its spike protein. The spike protein aids in receptor binding and viral entry within the host and therefore represents a potential target for vaccine and therapeutic development. In the current study, the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 was explored for potential immunogenic epitopes to design multi-epitope vaccine constructs. The S1 and S2 domains of spike proteins were analyzed, and two vaccine constructs were prioritized with T-cell and B-cell epitopes. We adapted a comprehensive predictive framework to provide novel insights into immunogenic epitopes of spike proteins, which can further be evaluated as potential vaccine candidates against COVID-19. Prioritized epitopes were then modeled using linkers and adjuvants, and respective 3D models were constructed to evaluate their physiochemical properties and their possible interactions with ACE2, HLA Superfamily alleles, TLR2, and TLR4.},
}
@article {pmid32754159,
year = {2020},
author = {Bhaskar, S and Sinha, A and Banach, M and Mittoo, S and Weissert, R and Kass, JS and Rajagopal, S and Pai, AR and Kutty, S},
title = {Cytokine Storm in COVID-19-Immunopathological Mechanisms, Clinical Considerations, and Therapeutic Approaches: The REPROGRAM Consortium Position Paper.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1648},
doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01648},
pmid = {32754159},
issn = {1664-3224},
abstract = {Cytokine storm is an acute hyperinflammatory response that may be responsible for critical illness in many conditions including viral infections, cancer, sepsis, and multi-organ failure. The phenomenon has been implicated in critically ill patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus implicated in COVID-19. Critically ill COVID-19 patients experiencing cytokine storm are believed to have a worse prognosis and increased fatality rate. In SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, cytokine storm appears important to the pathogenesis of several severe manifestations of COVID-19: acute respiratory distress syndrome, thromboembolic diseases such as acute ischemic strokes caused by large vessel occlusion and myocardial infarction, encephalitis, acute kidney injury, and vasculitis (Kawasaki-like syndrome in children and renal vasculitis in adult). Understanding the pathogenesis of cytokine storm will help unravel not only risk factors for the condition but also therapeutic strategies to modulate the immune response and deliver improved outcomes in COVID-19 patients at high risk for severe disease. In this article, we present an overview of the cytokine storm and its implications in COVID-19 settings and identify potential pathways or biomarkers that could be targeted for therapy. Leveraging expert opinion, emerging evidence, and a case-based approach, this position paper provides critical insights on cytokine storm from both a prognostic and therapeutic standpoint.},
}
@article {pmid32754147,
year = {2020},
author = {Clementi, N and Criscuolo, E and Diotti, RA and Ferrarese, R and Castelli, M and Dagna, L and Burioni, R and Clementi, M and Mancini, N},
title = {Combined Prophylactic and Therapeutic Use Maximizes Hydroxychloroquine Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effects in vitro.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1704},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01704},
pmid = {32754147},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {While the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is heavily hitting the world, it is of extreme importance that significant in vitro observations guide the quick set up of clinical trials. In this study, we evidence that the anti-SARS-CoV2 activity of a clinically achievable hydroxychloroquine concentration is maximized only when administered before and after the infection of Vero E6 and Caco-2 cells. This suggests that only a combined prophylactic and therapeutic use of hydroxychloroquine may be effective in limiting viral replication in patients.},
}
@article {pmid32754137,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, Y and Shi, J and Xia, J and Duan, J and Chen, L and Yu, X and Lan, W and Ma, Q and Wu, X and Yuan, Y and Gong, L and Yang, X and Gao, H and Wu, C},
title = {Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Patients With Non-severe Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Have Similar Clinical Features and Virological Courses: A Retrospective Single Center Study.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1570},
doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01570},
pmid = {32754137},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been defined as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. We aimed to evaluate the clinical features and virological course of non-severe COVID-19 patients with or without symptoms who were admitted to a Chinese cabin hospital. In this retrospective single center study, we reviewed 252 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients treated at one temporary cabin hospital in Wuhan, China. Demographic, clinical, serial chest computed tomography (CT), and serial viral test data were compared between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The association between clinical features and symptomatic status or patient referral status was analyzed. Among all 252 patients, 74 (29.4%) were asymptomatic and 138 (54.76%) had more than two family members who developed COVID-19. The probability for family clustering was similar between asymptomatic and symptomatic patients (59.70 vs. 61.64%, P = 0.79). Asymptomatic patients and symptomatic patients were equally likely to reach a virus-free state during their stay at the cabin hospital (93.15 vs. 86.44%, P = 0.13). The initial chest CT screening showed that 81 (32.1%) patients had no visible pneumonia, 52 (20.6%) had unilateral pneumonia, and 119 (47.2%) had bilateral pneumonia. Symptomatic patients had a higher chance to have bilateral pneumonia (P < 0.0001) and were less likely to show improvement on the follow-up CT scan (P = 0.0002). In total, 69 (27.4%) patients were referred to the designated hospital and only 23 (9.1%) patients were referred due to the progression of pneumonia. Non-severe COVID-19 patients can transmit the disease regardless of their symptomatic status. It is highly recommended that asymptomatic patients be identified and quarantined to eliminate the transmission of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754119,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, J and Kong, W and Xia, P and Xu, Y and Li, L and Li, Q and Yang, L and Wei, Q and Wang, H and Li, H and Zheng, J and Sun, H and Xia, W and Liu, G and Zhong, X and Qiu, K and Li, Y and Wang, H and Wang, Y and Song, X and Liu, H and Xiong, S and Liu, Y and Cui, Z and Hu, Y and Chen, L and Pan, A and Zeng, T},
title = {Impaired Fasting Glucose and Diabetes Are Related to Higher Risks of Complications and Mortality Among Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {Frontiers in endocrinology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {525},
doi = {10.3389/fendo.2020.00525},
pmid = {32754119},
issn = {1664-2392},
abstract = {Background: Diabetes correlates with poor prognosis in patients with COVID-19, but very few studies have evaluated whether impaired fasting glucose (IFG) is also a risk factor for the poor outcomes of patients with COVID-19. Here we aimed to examine the associations between IFG and diabetes at admission with risks of complications and mortality among patients with COVID-19. Methods: In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 312 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 from 5 hospitals in Wuhan from Jan 1 to Mar 17, 2020. Clinical information, laboratory findings, complications, treatment regimens, and mortality status were collected. The associations between hyperglycemia and diabetes status at admission with primary composite end-point events (including mechanical ventilation, admission to intensive care unit, or death) were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: The median age of the patients was 57 years (interquartile range 38-66), and 172 (55%) were women. At the time of hospital admission, 84 (27%) had diabetes (and 36 were new-diagnosed), 62 (20%) had IFG, and 166 (53%) had normal fasting glucose (NFG) levels. Compared to patients with NFG, patients with IFG and diabetes developed more primary composite end-point events (9 [5%], 11 [18%], 26 [31%]), including receiving mechanical ventilation (5 [3%], 6 [10%], 21 [25%]), and death (4 [2%], 9 [15%], 20 [24%]). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed diabetes was associated increased risks of primary composite end-point events (hazard ratio 3.53; 95% confidence interval 1.48-8.40) and mortality (6.25; 1.91-20.45), and IFG was associated with an increased risk of mortality (4.11; 1.15-14.74), after adjusting for age, sex, hospitals and comorbidities. Conclusion: IFG and diabetes at admission were associated with higher risks of adverse outcomes among patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754114,
year = {2020},
author = {Fan, S and Xiao, M and Han, F and Xia, P and Bai, X and Chen, H and Zhang, H and Ding, X and Zhao, H and Zhao, J and Sun, X and Jiang, W and Wang, C and Cao, W and Guo, F and Tian, R and Gao, P and Wu, W and Ma, J and Wu, D and Liu, Z and Zhou, X and Wang, J and Guan, T and Qin, Y and Li, T and Xu, Y and Zhang, D and Chen, Y and Xie, J and Li, Y and Yan, X and Zhu, Y and Peng, B and Cui, L and Zhang, S and Guan, H},
title = {Neurological Manifestations in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Retrospective Study.},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {806},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00806},
pmid = {32754114},
issn = {1664-2295},
abstract = {Background: The complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involved multiple organs or systems, especially in critically ill patients. We aim to investigate the neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective single-center case series analyzed critically ill patients with COVID-19 at the intensive care unit of Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China from February 5 to April 2, 2020. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory findings, comorbidities and treatments were collected and analyzed. Results: Among 86 patients with confirmed COVID-19, 54 patients (62.8%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 66.6 (11.1) years. Overall, 65% patients presented with at least one neurological symptom. Twenty patients (23.3%) had symptoms involving the central nervous system, including delirium, cerebrovascular diseases and hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, while 6 patients (7%) had neuromuscular involvement. Seven of 86 patients exhibited new stroke and 6 (7%) cases were ischemic. A significantly higher prevalence of antiphospholipid antibodies was observed in patients with ischemic stroke than in those without stroke (83.3 vs. 26.9%, p < 0.05). Patients with ischemic stroke were more likely to have a higher myoglobulin level, and a lower hemoglobin level. Conclusions: The clinical spectrum of neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19 was broad. Stroke, delirium and neuromuscular diseases are common neurological complications of COVID-19. Physicians should pay close attention to neurological complications in critically ill patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32754113,
year = {2020},
author = {Radmard, S and Epstein, SE and Roeder, HJ and Michalak, AJ and Shapiro, SD and Boehme, A and Wilson, TJ and Duran, JC and Bain, JM and Willey, JZ and Thakur, KT},
title = {Inpatient Neurology Consultations During the Onset of the SARS-CoV-2 New York City Pandemic: A Single Center Case Series.},
journal = {Frontiers in neurology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {805},
doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00805},
pmid = {32754113},
issn = {1664-2295},
abstract = {Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) primarily causes respiratory illness. However, neurological sequelae from novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can occur. Patients with neurological conditions may be at higher risk of developing worsening of their underlying problem. Here we document our initial experiences as neurologic consultants at a single center quaternary hospital at the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective case series of adult patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 who required neurological evaluation in the form of a consultation or primary neurological care from March 13, 2020 to April 1, 2020. Results: Thirty-three patients (ages 17-88 years) with COVID-19 infection who required neurological or admission to a primary neurology team were included in this study. The encountered neurological problems associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection were encephalopathy (12 patients, 36.4%), seizure (9 patients, 27.2%), stroke (5 patients, 15.2%), recrudescence of prior neurological disease symptoms (4 patients, 12.1%), and neuromuscular (3 patients, 9.1%). The majority of patients who required evaluation by neurology had elevated inflammatory markers. Twenty-one (63.6%) patients were discharged from the hospital and 12 (36.4%) died from COVID-19 related complications. Conclusion: This small case series of our initial encounters with COVID-19 infection describes a range of neurological complications which are similar to presentations seen with other critical illnesses. COVID-19 infection did not change the overall management of neurological problems.},
}
@article {pmid32754106,
year = {2020},
author = {Gentili, C and Cristea, IA},
title = {Challenges and Opportunities for Human Behavior Research in the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1786},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01786},
pmid = {32754106},
issn = {1664-1078},
}
@article {pmid32754102,
year = {2020},
author = {Giusti, EM and Pedroli, E and D'Aniello, GE and Stramba Badiale, C and Pietrabissa, G and Manna, C and Stramba Badiale, M and Riva, G and Castelnuovo, G and Molinari, E},
title = {The Psychological Impact of the COVID-19 Outbreak on Health Professionals: A Cross-Sectional Study.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1684},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01684},
pmid = {32754102},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a massive impact on health care systems, increasing the risks of psychological distress in health professionals. This study aims at assessing the prevalence of burnout and psychopathological conditions in health professionals working in a health institution in the Northern Italy, and to identify socio-demographic, work-related and psychological predictors of burnout. Methods: Health professionals working in the hospitals of the Istituto Auxologico Italiano were asked to participate to an online anonymous survey investigating socio-demographic data, COVID-19 emergency-related work and psychological factors, state anxiety, psychological distress, post-traumatic symptoms and burnout. Predictors of the three components of burnout were assessed using elastic net regression models. Results: Three hundred and thirty health professionals participated to the online survey. Two hundred and thirty-five health professionals (71.2%) had scores of state anxiety above the clinical cutoff, 88 (26.8%) had clinical levels of depression, 103 (31.3%) of anxiety, 113 (34.3%) of stress, 121 (36.7%) of post-traumatic stress. Regarding burnout, 107 (35.7%) had moderate and 105 (31.9%) severe levels of emotional exhaustion; 46 (14.0%) had moderate and 40 (12.1%) severe levels of depersonalization; 132 (40.1%) had moderate and 113 (34.3%) severe levels of reduced personal accomplishment. Predictors of all the three components of burnout were work hours, psychological comorbidities, fear of infection and perceived support by friends. Predictors of both emotional exhaustion and depersonalization were female gender, being a nurse, working in the hospital, being in contact with COVID-19 patients. Reduced personal accomplishment was also predicted by age. Conclusions: Health professionals had high levels of burnout and psychological symptoms during the COVID-19 emergency. Monitoring and timely treatment of these conditions is needed.},
}
@article {pmid32754056,
year = {2020},
author = {Díaz, J},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Network Structure.},
journal = {Frontiers in physiology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {870},
doi = {10.3389/fphys.2020.00870},
pmid = {32754056},
issn = {1664-042X},
abstract = {Knowledge about the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is incipient. However, recent experimental results about the virus interactome have shown that this single-positive stranded RNA virus produces a set of about 28 specific proteins grouped into 16 non-structural proteins (Nsp1 to Nsp16), four structural proteins (E, M, N, and S), and eight accessory proteins (orf3a, orf6, orf7a, orf7b, orf8, orf9b, orf9c, and orf10). In this brief communication, the network model of the interactome of these viral proteins with the host proteins is analyzed. The statistical analysis of this network shows that it has a modular scale-free topology in which the virus proteins orf8, M, and Nsp7 are the three nodes with the most connections (links). This result suggests the possibility that a simultaneous pharmacological attack on these hubs could assure the destruction of the network and the elimination of the virus.},
}
@article {pmid32754041,
year = {2020},
author = {Aoe, T},
title = {Pathological Aspects of COVID-19 as a Conformational Disease and the Use of Pharmacological Chaperones as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1095},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2020.01095},
pmid = {32754041},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the seventh human coronavirus infectious disease, was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, followed by its rapid spread globally (251,059 deaths, on May 5, 2020, by Johns Hopkins University). An early clinical report showed that fever, cough, fatigue, sputum production, and myalgia were initial symptoms, with the development of pneumonia as the disease progressed. Increases in the level of serum liver enzymes, D-dimer, cardiac troponin I, and creatinine have been observed in severely ill patients, indicating that multiple organ failure had occurred in these cases. Lymphopenia and an increase in interleukin-6 (IL-6) were also observed. Although COVID-19 patients are administered glucocorticoid therapy to treat the excessive immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the efficacy of this form of therapy is unclear. Viremia is observed in severe cases, suggesting that in addition to type II alveolar epithelial cells, many cell types, such as vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, renal tubular cells, neuronal cells, and lymphocytes, may be damaged. The improvement of survival rates requires elucidation of the mechanism by which cellular damage occurs during viral infection. Cellular therapy, along with organ support systems such as oxygen therapy, artificial ventilation, extra corporeal membrane oxygenation and dialysis, as well as antiviral therapy, are required. Viral replication in infected host cells may perturb protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress. Although an adaptive cellular response, i.e. the unfolded protein response, can compensate for the misfolded protein burden to some extent, continued viral proliferation may induce inflammation and cell death. Therefore, we propose that proteostasis dysfunction may cause conformational disorders in COVID-19. The application of pharmacological chaperone therapy to treat COVID-19 patients is additionally discussed.},
}
@article {pmid32754036,
year = {2020},
author = {Kamat, S and Kumari, M},
title = {BCG Against SARS-CoV-2: Second Youth of an Old Age Vaccine?.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {1050},
doi = {10.3389/fphar.2020.01050},
pmid = {32754036},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has put the whole world into a difficult situation, asking for the immediate development of therapeutics and vaccines against the disease. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, has been administered for decades in many countries against tuberculosis. Today, when a solution against SARS-CoV-2 is urgently needed, the BCG vaccine has again come into the limelight owing to its earlier prevention of non-specific diseases. Data suggest a higher mortality rate of COVID-19 in non-BCG vaccinated countries, whereas the nations opting for BCG immunization have a comparatively lower mortality rate. The BCG vaccine is known to induce 'trained immunity' and generate 'non-specific' heterologous immune responses. It can confer anti-viral immunity by eliciting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β. Though the initial results look promising, a long trail still needs to be followed to avoid false promises. The accuracy of nationwide data, the role of an already activated immune system against 'cytokine storms', optimization and timing of vaccine dosage, and balancing demand-supply are some of the relevant issues that must be resolved before reaching a final conclusion.},
}
@article {pmid32754005,
year = {2020},
author = {Rehm, GB and Woo, SH and Chen, XL and Kuhn, BT and Cortes-Puch, I and Anderson, NR and Adams, JY and Chuah, CN},
title = {Leveraging IoTs and Machine Learning for Patient Diagnosis and Ventilation Management in the Intensive Care Unit.},
journal = {IEEE pervasive computing},
volume = {19},
number = {3},
pages = {68-78},
doi = {10.1109/mprv.2020.2986767},
pmid = {32754005},
issn = {1536-1268},
abstract = {Future healthcare systems will rely heavily on clinical decision support systems (CDSS) to improve the decision-making processes of clinicians. To explore the design of future CDSS, we developed a research-focused CDSS for the management of patients in the intensive care unit that leverages Internet of Things (IoT) devices capable of collecting streaming physiologic data from ventilators and other medical devices. We then created machine learning (ML) models that could analyze the collected physiologic data to determine if the ventilator was delivering potentially harmful therapy and if a deadly respiratory condition, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), was present. We also present work to aggregate these models into a mobile application that can provide responsive, real-time alerts of changes in ventilation to providers. As illustrated in the recent COVID-19 pandemic, being able to accurately predict ARDS in newly infected patients can assist in prioritizing care. We show that CDSS may be used to analyze physiologic data for clinical event recognition and automated diagnosis, and we also highlight future research avenues for hospital CDSS.},
}
@article {pmid32754004,
year = {2020},
author = {Zolfaghari Emameh, R and Nosrati, H and Eftekhari, M and Falak, R and Khoshmirsafa, M},
title = {Expansion of Single Cell Transcriptomics Data of SARS-CoV Infection in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells to COVID-19.},
journal = {Biological procedures online},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {16},
doi = {10.1186/s12575-020-00127-3},
pmid = {32754004},
issn = {1480-9222},
abstract = {Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) that was emerged as a new member of coronaviruses since December 2019 in Wuhan, China and then after was spread in all continentals. Since SARS-CoV-2 has shown about 77.5% similarity to SARS-CoV, the transcriptome and immunological regulations of SARS-CoV-2 was expected to have high percentage of overlap with SARS-CoV.<br><br>Results: In this study, we applied the single cell transcriptomics data of human bronchial epithelial cells (2B4 cell line) infected with SARS-CoV, which was annotated in the Expression Atlas database to expand this data to COVID-19. In addition, we employed system biology methods including gene ontology (GO) and Reactome pathway analyses to define functional genes and pathways in the infected cells with SARS-CoV. The transcriptomics analysis on the Expression Atlas database revealed that most genes from infected 2B4 cell line with SARS-CoV were downregulated leading to immune system hyperactivation, induction of signaling pathways, and consequently a cytokine storm. In addition, GO:0016192 (vesicle-mediated transport), GO:0006886 (intracellular protein transport), and GO:0006888 (ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport) were shown as top three GOs in the ontology network of infected cells with SARS-CoV. Meanwhile, R-HAS-6807070 (phosphatase and tensin homolog or PTEN regulation) showed the highest association with other Reactome pathways in the network of infected cells with SARS-CoV. PTEN plays a critical role in the activation of dendritic cells, B- and T-cells, and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines, which cooperates with downregulated genes in the promotion of cytokine storm in the COVID-19 patients.<br><br>Conclusions: Based on the high similarity percentage of the transcriptome of SARS-CoV with SARS-CoV-2, the data of immunological regulations, signaling pathways, and proinflammatory cytokines in SARS-CoV infection can be expanded to COVID-19 to have a valid platform for future pharmaceutical and vaccine studies.},
}
@article {pmid32754003,
year = {2020},
author = {Barati, F and Pouresmaieli, M and Ekrami, E and Asghari, S and Ziarani, FR and Mamoudifard, M},
title = {Potential Drugs and Remedies for the Treatment of COVID-19: a Critical Review.},
journal = {Biological procedures online},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {15},
doi = {10.1186/s12575-020-00129-1},
pmid = {32754003},
issn = {1480-9222},
abstract = {Abstract: COVID-19 disease with a high rate of contagious and highly nonspecific symptoms, is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people who fall sick with COVID-19 will experience mild to moderate symptoms such as respiratory symptoms, cough, dyspnea, fever, and viral pneumonia and recover without any special cure. However, some others need special and emergency treatment to get rid of this widespread disease. Till now, there are numbers of proposed novel compounds as well as standards therapeutics agent existed for other conditions seems to have efficacy against the 2019-nCoV. Some which are being tested for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV are validated that could be also efficient against this new coronavirus. However, there are currently no effective specific antivirals or drug combinations introduced for 2019-nCoV specifically that be supported by high-level evidence. The main purpose of this paper is to review typical and ongoing treatments for coronavirus disease including home remedies, herbal medicine, chemical drugs, plasma therapy, and also vaccinies. In this regards, famous herbal medicines and common chemical drugs which are routinely to be prescribed for patients are introduced. Moreover, a section is assigned to the drug interactions and some outdated drugs which have been proved to be inefficient. We hope that this work could pave the way for researchers to develop faster and more reliable methods for earlier treatment of patients and rescue more people.},
}
@article {pmid32754000,
year = {2020},
author = {Fung, A and Ricci, MF},
title = {Rethinking 'essential' and 'nonessential': the developmental paediatrician's COVID-19 response.},
journal = {Paediatrics &amp; child health},
volume = {25},
number = {5},
pages = {265-267},
doi = {10.1093/pch/pxaa077},
pmid = {32754000},
issn = {1205-7088},
abstract = {While terms such as 'essential' and 'nonessential' used amidst the COVID-19 pandemic may serve a practical purpose, they also pose a risk of obstructing our view of the harmful indirect health consequences of this crisis. SARS-CoV-2 cases and deaths in children are minimal compared to adults, but the pandemic impacts other 'essential' aspects of children's health including child development and the associated areas of paediatric behaviour, mental health, and maltreatment. Alongside the management of severe SARS-CoV-2 cases in emergency rooms and intensive care units, continuing to care for children with developmental disabilities must also be concurrently championed as 'essential' during this crisis. The potentially devastating lifelong effects of the pandemic and isolation on an already vulnerable population demand that action be taken now. Video conferences and phone calls are 'essential' instruments we can use to continue to provide quality care for our patients.},
}
@article {pmid32753990,
year = {2020},
author = {Tolu, LB and Ezeh, A and Feyissa, GT},
title = {How Prepared Is Africa for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response? The Case of Ethiopia.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {771-776},
doi = {10.2147/RMHP.S258273},
pmid = {32753990},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The objective of this research communication is to describe the general epidemic preparedness of Ethiopia using &quot;Ready score&quot; criterion that was developed by PreventEpidemics.org. The ReadyScore criteria is used to determine whether a country is prepared to find, stop, and prevent epidemics. This set of criteria advises countries to take tailored measures based on their actual circumstances. Ethiopia's preparedness as assessed using the ReadyScore criteria is 52%, which indicates that much work is expected from the country. Based on the current situation of Ethiopia's epidemic preparedness, the currently increasing trend in the number of COVID-19 cases and the current situation of Ethiopia in relation to its preparedness to mitigate the pandemic of Covid-19, we recommend (a) mass communication and community mobilization, (b) social distancing measures, (c) sanitary measures, (d) maximizing case tracing and detection, (e) developing detailed operational guidelines on preventive measures across different businesses, organizational and community settings, (f) measures for sustaining essential health services and (g) proactive measures to sustain life during the lockdown.},
}
@article {pmid32753988,
year = {2020},
author = {Almutairi, AF and BaniMustafa, A and Alessa, YM and Almutairi, SB and Almaleh, Y},
title = {Public Trust and Compliance with the Precautionary Measures Against COVID-19 Employed by Authorities in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {753-760},
doi = {10.2147/RMHP.S257287},
pmid = {32753988},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {Background: The newly emerged and highly infectious coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which first broke out in Wuhan, China, has invaded most countries around the globe. As both the daily positive cases and death toll increase, countries have taken aggressive action to halt its spread. Saudi Arabia recognized the danger early and implemented a series of urgent precautions. Thus, this study aims to evaluate public trust and compliance with the precautionary measures implemented by authorities to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.<br><br>Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of the Saudi public using an electronic questionnaire during the COVID-19 outbreak. The data, which were collected using a validated public trust and compliance tool, were analyzed using the chi-square test, t test, and binary logistic regression.<br><br>Findings: Of the 1232 participants, there were 655 (53.2%) males and 577 (46.8%) females with 34 ± 10 years as the mean and standard deviation of their age. Participants demonstrated a high level of trust and agreement (98.2%) with the implemented precautionary measures. A positive association between participants' age and their level of agreement with the government actions (r=-.082, P=0.004) was observed, with a significant difference between males (97.1±6.2) and females (98.0±4.7) (t=-2.7, P=0.006). Among the participants, 657 (53.3%) were considered to be practicing poor precautionary measures and 575 (46.7%) good precautionary measures. Males (OR=1.8 times, P<0.001) and those with a school education level (OR=1.7 times, P=0.002) were more likely to have poor precautionary practices compared to others. Married individuals (369, 49.0%; P=0.04) were more likely to comply with good practices.<br><br>Conclusion: A high level of trust was exhibited by the Saudi public in relation to the precautionary measures taken by authorities in Saudi Arabia. Gender, age, marital status, and educational level were found to be significant factors with regard to compliance with precautionary practices.},
}
@article {pmid32753986,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Hanawi, MK and Mwale, ML and Alshareef, N and Qattan, AMN and Angawi, K and Almubark, R and Alsharqi, O},
title = {Psychological Distress Amongst Health Workers and the General Public During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {733-742},
doi = {10.2147/RMHP.S264037},
pmid = {32753986},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 worldwide has confined millions of people to their homes and has caused a substantial degree of psychological distress. This study aims to investigate the psychological distress impact of the COVID-19 pandemic among the Saudi population.<br><br>Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, using data collected from 3036 participants via an online self-reported questionnaire. The psychological distress was constructed using the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index to classify individuals in the sample as having normal, mild or severe distress levels. The study used descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regressions to examine the sociodemographic factors associated with psychological distress levels during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>Results: The evidence showed that 40% of the Saudi population are distressed due to COVID-19, of whom approximately 33% are mildly distressed, while 7% are severely distressed. The distress levels are particularly high amongst the young, females, private sector employees and health workers, especially those working on the frontline.<br><br>Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is associated with increased distress amongst people living in Saudi Arabia. In support of evidence found in other countries, the study has established that the distress levels vary across different sociodemographic characteristics. Therefore, limiting people's psychological damage demands both medium- and long-term policy strategies, which include mapping the rates of stress and anxiety for effective psychological treatment allocation and establishing innovative online methods of heightening people's mental wellbeing.},
}
@article {pmid32753985,
year = {2020},
author = {Yan, J and Zhao, D},
title = {Administrative Mechanism of Joint Participation and Cooperation in the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Wuhan.},
journal = {Risk management and healthcare policy},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {723-731},
doi = {10.2147/RMHP.S251389},
pmid = {32753985},
issn = {1179-1594},
abstract = {Introduction: From December 2019 to January 2020, a novel coronavirus disease (officially COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan and continued to spread all China. This study describes the administrative mechanism of joint participation and cooperation during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan and the rest of the country by health practitioners and administrative authorities.<br><br>Methods: This study adopted a qualitative design. An analytical framework based on the theory of policy participation that included stimulus, setting, and position of policy participation was constructed. Qualitative data of policy participation by health practitioners and administrative authorities consisted of publicly available data.<br><br>Results: Early during the outbreak, from December 2019 to January 2020, three main stages occurred according to the containment situation. The first stage was characterized by limited knowledge of the transmission dynamics of the virus and a consequently weak response. In the second stage, the disease spreads rapidly because of travel during a national festival. In the third stage, particularly when top Chinese leaders delivered instructions to intensify containment efforts, diverse departments initiated joint prevention and control measures to combat COVID-19.<br><br>Conclusion: The administrative mechanism of joint participation and cooperation was instrumental in avoiding a substantial increase in both cases and fatalities in the initial stage of the outbreak. This joint participation provides valuable experience and initiatives for major public health emergency preparedness, and the new empirical evidence further highlights the importance of policy participation theory in epidemic prevention in other countries.},
}
@article {pmid32753857,
year = {2020},
author = {Isik, AT},
title = {Covid-19 Infection in Older Adults: A Geriatrician's Perspective.},
journal = {Clinical interventions in aging},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1067-1069},
doi = {10.2147/CIA.S260972},
pmid = {32753857},
issn = {1178-1998},
abstract = {The pandemic of the Covid-19 virus has become the main issue all over the world. In its current form, the disease is more severe in geriatric cases and individuals with chronic disease, even causing death. In older adults and atypical presentations, testing strategies for Covid-19, potential drug interactions of experimental Covid-19 therapies, and ageism are important issues in the course of the disease. Therefore, health-care professionals should be aware of these, and screening policies for Covid-19 should also include atypical presentations with or without classical symptoms of the illness in older adults. Furthermore, evaluation of individuals > 65 years of age from a geriatrician's perspective is very important, because Covid-19 is severe and fatal in seniors.},
}
@article {pmid32753855,
year = {2020},
author = {Napolitano, M and Mansueto, MF and Sirocchi, D and Contrino, AD and Raso, S and Siragusa, S},
title = {Emotions and Opinions of Adult Patients with Haemophilia During the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) Pandemic Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Monocentric Survey.},
journal = {Patient preference and adherence},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1145-1147},
doi = {10.2147/PPA.S257225},
pmid = {32753855},
issn = {1177-889X},
}
@article {pmid32753842,
year = {2020},
author = {Sedokani, A and Feizollahzadeh, S},
title = {Plasmapheresis, Anti-ACE2 and Anti-FcγRII Monoclonal Antibodies: A Possible Treatment for Severe Cases of COVID-19.},
journal = {Drug design, development and therapy},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {2607-2611},
doi = {10.2147/DDDT.S262491},
pmid = {32753842},
issn = {1177-8881},
abstract = {In March 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 disease as a pandemic disease. There have been studies on the COVID-19 to find a certain treatment, but yet, there is no certain cure. In this article, we present a possible way to treat severe cases of COVID-19. Based on the previous studies, there are similarities between the spike antigens of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. It is expected that these similarities (structural and affinity to the receptor of ACE2) can lead to the same pathophysiological activity of the virus by the use of ACE2 and FcγRII (the antibody-dependent enhancement mechanism). Therefore, we propose a way of washing out (by plasmapheresis) the possible antibodies against the spike protein of the virus out of patients' plasma to stop the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)-mediated infection of the immune system cells at the first phase of the treatment and simultaneous use of the anti-ACE2 with anti-FcγRII monoclonal antibodies at the second phase. We propose these procedures for the patients that have no significant response for typical anti-viral, ARDS and conservative therapies, and the disease persists or progresses despite sufficient therapies.},
}
@article {pmid32753816,
year = {2020},
author = {Behere, PB and Behere, AP and Chowdhury, D},
title = {Rise in Cases of Alcohol Withdrawal following Lockdown in Dry District of Wardha.},
journal = {Journal of neurosciences in rural practice},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {478-480},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712554},
pmid = {32753816},
issn = {0976-3147},
abstract = {On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak to be a pandemic which has sent all countries in a frenzy. We cannot be callous about treatment of non-COVID-19-related patients. The Wardha district of Maharashtra is a declared &quot;dry area&quot; which makes the sale, purchase, and consumption of alcohol illegal. On March 24, 2020, Indians were informed of a 21-day long lockdown which was subsequently extended for another 3 weeks during which all modes of public transportation, educational institutions, offices, and other nonessential businesses were closed and people expected to remain at home unless necessary. Since then admissions of alcohol-dependent patients showed a spike from14% in the prelockdown period to 27% of patients of alcohol dependence syndrome. It is most likely due to poor availability of liquor, inability to earn money to buy the alcohol, or restricted movement of individuals.},
}
@article {pmid32753815,
year = {2020},
author = {Salazar, LRM and Agrawal, D and Deora, H and Agrawal, A},
title = {Neurotrauma in the Time of SARS-COV 2: A Checklist for Its Safe Management.},
journal = {Journal of neurosciences in rural practice},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {474-477},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712553},
pmid = {32753815},
issn = {0976-3147},
abstract = {Neurotrauma is a critical public health problem that deserves the attention of the world health community. The unprecedented pandemic of SARS-COV 2 has led to a tremendous strain on medical facilities including intensive care and availability of blood products. In addition, due to lockdown in most nations and diverting of medical attention elsewhere, neurotrauma has taken a back seat. Despite this, any case of trauma presenting during this time should receive the best possible care. However, it is also imperative to safeguard the health care workers from this infection, too. The number of health care workers losing their lives to this infection is ever rising. We here present a possible workflow using a checklist approach such that errors and cross-infections are minimized and there is no reduction in the level of care received by any trauma case. This article has been written with a special focus on middle-income countries where resources may already be strained due to the sudden case burden. We hope to minimize death &quot;caused&quot; by COVID-19 and &quot;related&quot; to it.},
}
@article {pmid32753799,
year = {2020},
author = {Nedunchezhian, AS and Ajayan, N and P, APH and Prathapadas, U and Sethuraman, M and Koshy, T},
title = {Finding the Calm in the Chaos: An Institutional Protocol for Anesthetic Management of a Patient for Neurosurgery during Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of neurosciences in rural practice},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {369-374},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712773},
pmid = {32753799},
issn = {0976-3147},
abstract = {&quot;Coronavirus disease 2019&quot; (COVID-19) transmitted by a novel coronavirus via contact or droplet spread is a highly infectious disease, the containment of which requires vigilance and stringent infection control policies. In the backdrop of hospitals becoming hot zones and an increasing number of health care workers contracting the disease, it is crucial to formulate an approach while administering anesthesia during the testing times of COVID-19 pandemic. In this background, this comprehensive article deals with the perioperative management during this pandemic and includes risk stratification based on an innovative simple scoring system, rationale use of personal protective equipments, and infection prevention protocols. The document of updated literature, though not intended to replace any guidelines, is aimed at providing protocol to health care workers to protect themselves while providing the best care in this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32753798,
year = {2020},
author = {Sriganesh, K and Rao, GSU},
title = {COVID-19: The Unseen Threat for the Healthcare Professionals.},
journal = {Journal of neurosciences in rural practice},
volume = {11},
number = {3},
pages = {367-368},
doi = {10.1055/s-0040-1712863},
pmid = {32753798},
issn = {0976-3147},
}
@article {pmid32753794,
year = {2020},
author = {Chaturvedi, S and Gupta, A and Krishnan S, V and Bhat, AK},
title = {Design, usage and review of a cost effective and innovative face shield in a tertiary care teaching hospital during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of orthopaedics},
volume = {21},
number = {},
pages = {331-336},
doi = {10.1016/j.jor.2020.07.003},
pmid = {32753794},
issn = {0972-978X},
abstract = {Background: A major challenge of the coronavirus pandemic is personal protective equipment (PPE) shortage. The open source community mobilised solutions to combat this using 3D printing technology. One such solution was the face shield, which protects facial areas from droplet contamination when used by orthopaedic and other front line health care workers (HCWs).<br><br>Objectives: To assess the efficacy of an in-house developed face shield based on feedback by HCWs and its usage in triaging zones and operation theatre in a tertiary care hospital.<br><br>Methods: A protective face shield was developed and distributed among the orthopaedic surgeons and front line HCWs involved in the ICU in our hospital and neighbouring facilities. Feedback was obtained using a questionnaire utilising a Likert scale.<br><br>Results: 227 face shields were distributed to the HCWs in our hospital (157) and neighbouring facilities (70). Design modifications were done as per the needs of the HCWs. 37 HCWs provided feedback giving the face shields an overall mean score of 7.92 out of 10. The poly vinyl chloride (PVC) film visors were better for airway management procedures as it can be tucked into PPE suit and visors with overhead projector (OHP) sheets were suitable for ICU and operative procedures.<br><br>Conclusion: A locally developed face shield design by an inter disciplinary team in synchrony with HCWs is found to increase its acceptability and efficacy. Face shields can be made more effective in different triaging and treatment situations by varying the device setup.},
}
@article {pmid32753763,
year = {2020},
author = {Alrubayyi, A},
title = {Publisher Correction: NK cells in COVID-19: protectors or opponents?.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41577-020-00419-5},
pmid = {32753763},
issn = {1474-1741},
abstract = {An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.},
}
@article {pmid32753759,
year = {2020},
author = {Maxmen, A and Tollefson, J},
title = {Two decades of pandemic war games failed to account for Donald Trump.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {584},
number = {7819},
pages = {26-29},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-02277-6},
pmid = {32753759},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid32753756,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, BZ and Chu, H and Han, S and Shuai, H and Deng, J and Hu, YF and Gong, HR and Lee, AC and Zou, Z and Yau, T and Wu, W and Hung, IF and Chan, JF and Yuen, KY and Huang, JD},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infects human neural progenitor cells and brain organoids.},
journal = {Cell research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41422-020-0390-x},
pmid = {32753756},
issn = {1748-7838},
support = {2019M663167//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; },
}
@article {pmid32753755,
year = {2020},
author = {McCallum, M and Walls, AC and Bowen, JE and Corti, D and Veesler, D},
title = {Structure-guided covalent stabilization of coronavirus spike glycoprotein trimers in the closed conformation.},
journal = {Nature structural &amp; molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41594-020-0483-8},
pmid = {32753755},
issn = {1545-9985},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 10 million infections and more than 500,000 fatalities by June 2020. To initiate infection, the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein promotes attachment to the host cell surface and fusion of the viral and host membranes. Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 S is the main target of neutralizing antibodies and the focus of vaccine design. However, its limited stability and conformational dynamics are limiting factors for developing countermeasures against this virus. We report here the design of a construct corresponding to the prefusion SARS-CoV-2 S ectodomain trimer, covalently stabilized by a disulfide bond in the closed conformation. Structural and antigenicity analyses show we successfully shut S in the closed state without otherwise altering its architecture. We demonstrate that this strategy is applicable to other β-coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and might become an important tool for structural biology, serology, vaccine design and immunology studies.},
}
@article {pmid32753739,
year = {2020},
author = {Velez, JCQ and Caza, T and Larsen, CP},
title = {COVAN is the new HIVAN: the re-emergence of collapsing glomerulopathy with COVID-19.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Nephrology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41581-020-0332-3},
pmid = {32753739},
issn = {1759-507X},
}
@article {pmid32753689,
year = {2020},
author = {Reda, G and Noto, A and Cassin, R and Zamprogna, G and Borella, C and Scarfò, L and Farina, L and Molteni, A and Ghia, P and Tedeschi, A and Montillo, M and , },
title = {Reply to &quot;CLL and COVID-19 at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona: an interim report&quot; Analysis of six hematological centers in Lombardy : On behalf of CLL commission of Lombardy Hematology Network (REL).},
journal = {Leukemia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41375-020-0966-y},
pmid = {32753689},
issn = {1476-5551},
}
@article {pmid32753646,
year = {2020},
author = {Touret, F and Gilles, M and Barral, K and Nougairède, A and van Helden, J and Decroly, E and de Lamballerie, X and Coutard, B},
title = {In vitro screening of a FDA approved chemical library reveals potential inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 replication.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {13093},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-70143-6},
pmid = {32753646},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {871029//H2020 Research Infrastructures/ ; REACTing//Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/ ; },
abstract = {A novel coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, emerged in 2019 in China and rapidly spread worldwide. As no approved therapeutics exists to treat COVID-19, the disease associated to SARS-Cov-2, there is an urgent need to propose molecules that could quickly enter into clinics. Repurposing of approved drugs is a strategy that can bypass the time-consuming stages of drug development. In this study, we screened the PRESTWICK CHEMICAL LIBRARY composed of 1,520 approved drugs in an infected cell-based assay. The robustness of the screen was assessed by the identification of drugs that already demonstrated in vitro antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. Thereby, 90 compounds were identified as positive hits from the screen and were grouped according to their chemical composition and their known therapeutic effect. Then EC50 and CC50 were determined for a subset of 15 compounds from a panel of 23 selected drugs covering the different groups. Eleven compounds such as macrolides antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors, antiarrhythmic agents or CNS drugs emerged showing antiviral potency with 2 < EC50 ≤ 20 µM. By providing new information on molecules inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro, this study provides information for the selection of drugs to be further validated in vivo. Disclaimer: This study corresponds to the early stages of antiviral development and the results do not support by themselves the use of the selected drugs to treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32753639,
year = {2020},
author = {Xie, G},
title = {A novel Monte Carlo simulation procedure for modelling COVID-19 spread over time.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {13120},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-020-70091-1},
pmid = {32753639},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now spread throughout most countries in the world causing heavy life losses and damaging social-economic impacts. Following a stochastic point process modelling approach, a Monte Carlo simulation model was developed to represent the COVID-19 spread dynamics. First, we examined various expected performances (theoretical properties) of the simulation model assuming a number of arbitrarily defined scenarios. Simulation studies were then performed on the real COVID-19 data reported (over the period of 1 March to 1 May) for Australia and United Kingdom (UK). Given the initial number of COVID-19 infection active cases were around 10 for both countries, the model estimated that the number of active cases would peak around 29 March in Australia (≈ 1,700 cases) and around 22 April in UK (≈ 22,860 cases); ultimately the total confirmed cases could sum to 6,790 for Australia in about 75 days and 206,480 for UK in about 105 days. The results of the estimated COVID-19 reproduction numbers were consistent with what was reported in the literature. This simulation model was considered an effective and adaptable decision making/what-if analysis tool in battling COVID-19 in the immediate need, and for modelling any other infectious diseases in the future.},
}
@article {pmid32753638,
year = {2020},
author = {D'Andrea, S and Berardicurti, O and Berardicurti, A and Felzani, G and Francavilla, F and Francavilla, S and Giacomelli, R and Barbonetti, A},
title = {Clinical features and prognosis of COVID-19 in people with spinal cord injury: a case-control study.},
journal = {Spinal cord series and cases},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {69},
doi = {10.1038/s41394-020-0319-0},
pmid = {32753638},
issn = {2058-6124},
abstract = {STUDY DESIGN: Observational case-control study.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) develop systemic physiological changes that could increase the risk of severe evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and result in atypical clinical features of COVID-19 with possible delay in both diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated differences in clinical features and evolution of COVID-19 between people with SCI and able-bodied individuals.<br><br>SETTING: The study was conducted in an Italian inpatient rehabilitation referral center for individuals with SCI during the lockdown for the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We compared clinical information between patients with SCI and able-bodied healthcare workers of the same center who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction.<br><br>RESULTS: Overall, 15 out of the 25 SCI patients admitted to the center and 17 out of the 69 healthcare workers tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Patients with SCI exhibited a significantly more advanced age and a higher prevalence of comorbidities. Nevertheless, no significant differences in clinical expression of COVID-19 and treatment strategies were observed between the two groups. All hospitalized subjects were treated in nonintensive care units and no deaths occurred in either group.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study does not support the supposed notion that COVID-19 could exhibit atypical clinical features or a worse evolution in the frail population of people with SCI.},
}
@article {pmid32753618,
year = {2020},
author = {Ma, J and Zhong, H and Jiang, M and Zeng, K and Zhong, B and Liu, L and Liu, X},
title = {Emergency response strategy for containing COVID-19 within a psychiatric specialty hospital in the epicenter of the COVID-19 epidemic in China.},
journal = {Translational psychiatry},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {268},
doi = {10.1038/s41398-020-00959-3},
pmid = {32753618},
issn = {2158-3188},
support = {WX17A07//Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality/ ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been recognized as a global pandemic, and psychiatric institutions located in the epicenter of the epidemic in China are facing severe challenges in fighting the epidemic. This article presents the accumulated experience of the authors during the process of combating COVID-19 in a psychiatric hospital. The aim of this article is to provide a reference for psychiatric specialty hospitals and institutions that treat large populations of chronically ill patients in other parts of the world.},
}
@article {pmid32753565,
year = {2020},
author = {Ambrosino, P and Papa, A and Maniscalco, M and Di Minno, MND},
title = {COVID-19 and functional disability: current insights and rehabilitation strategies.},
journal = {Postgraduate medical journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-138227},
pmid = {32753565},
issn = {1469-0756},
}
@article {pmid32753554,
year = {2020},
author = {Mateus, J and Grifoni, A and Tarke, A and Sidney, J and Ramirez, SI and Dan, JM and Burger, ZC and Rawlings, SA and Smith, DM and Phillips, E and Mallal, S and Lammers, M and Rubiro, P and Quiambao, L and Sutherland, A and Yu, ED and da Silva Antunes, R and Greenbaum, J and Frazier, A and Markmann, AJ and Premkumar, L and de Silva, A and Peters, B and Crotty, S and Sette, A and Weiskopf, D},
title = {Selective and cross-reactive SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes in unexposed humans.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1126/science.abd3871},
pmid = {32753554},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {Many unknowns exist about human immune responses to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. SARS-CoV-2 reactive CD4+ T cells have been reported in unexposed individuals, suggesting pre-existing cross-reactive T cell memory in 20-50% of people. However, the source of those T cells has been speculative. Using human blood samples derived before the SARS-CoV-2 virus was discovered in 2019, we mapped 142 T cell epitopes across the SARS-CoV-2 genome to facilitate precise interrogation of the SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire. We demonstrate a range of pre-existing memory CD4+ T cells that are cross-reactive with comparable affinity to SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold coronaviruses HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, or HCoV-HKU1. Thus, variegated T cell memory to coronaviruses that cause the common cold may underlie at least some of the extensive heterogeneity observed in COVID-19 disease.},
}
@article {pmid32753553,
year = {2020},
author = {Chan, KK and Dorosky, D and Sharma, P and Abbasi, SA and Dye, JM and Kranz, DM and Herbert, AS and Procko, E},
title = {Engineering human ACE2 to optimize binding to the spike protein of SARS coronavirus 2.},
journal = {Science (New York, N.Y.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1126/science.abc0870},
pmid = {32753553},
issn = {1095-9203},
abstract = {The spike protein S of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds ACE2 on host cells to initiate entry, and soluble ACE2 is a therapeutic candidate that neutralizes infection by acting as a decoy. Using deep mutagenesis, mutations in ACE2 that increase S binding are found across the interaction surface, in the N90-glycosylation motif and at buried sites. The mutational landscape provides a blueprint for understanding the specificity of the interaction between ACE2 and S and for engineering high affinity decoy receptors. Combining mutations gives ACE2 variants with affinities that rival monoclonal antibodies. A stable dimeric variant shows potent SARS-CoV-2 and -1 neutralization in vitro. The engineered receptor is catalytically active and its close similarity with the native receptor may limit the potential for viral escape.},
}
@article {pmid32753542,
year = {2020},
author = {Caruhel, JB and Sigaux, N and Crambert, A and Donat, N and Boddaert, G and Haen, P and Hoffmann, C},
title = {Military gas mask to protect surgeons when performing tracheotomies on patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {BMJ military health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001547},
pmid = {32753542},
issn = {2633-3775},
}
@article {pmid32753539,
year = {2020},
author = {Gu, RP and Li, T and Zheng, LP},
title = {Psychological safeguards for Chinese People's Liberation Army fighting COVID-19.},
journal = {BMJ military health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001578},
pmid = {32753539},
issn = {2633-3775},
}
@article {pmid32753537,
year = {2020},
author = {Hodgetts, JM and Claireaux, HA and Naumann, DN},
title = {Remote training for combat medics during the COVID-19 era: lessons learnt for future crises?.},
journal = {BMJ military health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001527},
pmid = {32753537},
issn = {2633-3775},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In response to COVID-19, the UK government ordered strict social distancing measures. The UK Armed Forces followed these to protect the force and ensure readiness to respond to various tasking requests. Clinical training has adapted to ensure geographically dispersed medical personnel are trained while social distancing is maintained. This study aimed to evaluate remote training for Combat Medical Technicians, Medical Assistants and Royal Air Force Medics (CMTs/MAs/RAFMs) during the COVID-19 pandemic and the views of trainers on how this should be delivered now and in the future.<br><br>METHODS: A mixed quantitative and qualitative survey study was conducted to determine the experiences of a sample of Defence Medical Services personnel with remote training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Medical and nursing officers involved in teaching CMTs/MAs/RAFMs were eligible to participate.<br><br>RESULTS: There were 52 survey respondents. 78% delivered remote training to CMTs/MAs/RAFMs, predominantly using teleconferencing and small-group webinars. 70% of respondents report CMTs/MAs/RAFMs received more training during the COVID-19 pandemic than before. 94% of respondents felt webinar-based remote training should continue after COVID-19. The perceived benefits of webinar-based training included reduced travel time, more training continuity and greater clinical development of learners.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The challenge of continuing education of medical personnel while maintaining readiness for deployment and adhering to the Government's social distancing measures was perceived to have been met within our study sample. This suggests that such an approach, along with clear training objectives and teleconferencing, may enable personnel to deliver high-quality training in an innovative and secure way.},
}
@article {pmid32753536,
year = {2020},
author = {Vassallo, D},
title = {COVID-19 resources through Friends of Millbank website.},
journal = {BMJ military health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001567},
pmid = {32753536},
issn = {2633-3775},
}
@article {pmid32753534,
year = {2020},
author = {Charnell, AM},
title = {Will remote events be the 'new normal' moving beyond the COVID-19 pandemic?.},
journal = {BMJ military health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bmjmilitary-2020-001595},
pmid = {32753534},
issn = {2633-3775},
}
@article {pmid32753518,
year = {2020},
author = {Stolberg, RL},
title = {COVID-19: Education and Licensure Disruption.},
journal = {Journal of dental hygiene : JDH},
volume = {94},
number = {4},
pages = {4-5},
pmid = {32753518},
issn = {1553-0205},
}
@article {pmid32753517,
year = {2020},
author = {Calabrese, LH and Lenfant, T and Calabrese, C},
title = {Cytokine storm release syndrome and the prospects for immunotherapy with COVID-19, part 3: The role of GM-CSF.},
journal = {Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc057},
pmid = {32753517},
issn = {1939-2869},
abstract = {Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been used experimentally in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Recombinant GM-CSF administered by direct inhalation is currently being studied in a cohort of patients with advanced COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32753516,
year = {2020},
author = {Slater, TA and Straw, S and Drozd, M and Kamalathasan, S and Cowley, A and Witte, KK},
title = {Dying 'due to' or 'with' COVID-19: a cause of death analysis in hospitalised patients.},
journal = {Clinical medicine (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7861/clinmed.2020-0440},
pmid = {32753516},
issn = {1473-4893},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is accompanied by an ever-rising death toll attributed to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but questions have persisted regarding deaths formally attributed to COVID-19. We aimed to provide an independent review of clinical features of patients who died during hospitalisation with a positive PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 and relate these to the reported cause of death. Between 23 March and 28 April 2020, a total of 162 patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR died in our NHS trust. COVID-19 infection was documented as the direct cause of death in 150 (93%). Review of the records revealed 138 (92%) patients had pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiography, and 146 (97%) required oxygen therapy. This retrospective review of cause of death has demonstrated that the overwhelming majority of hospitalised patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR died as a direct consequence of COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32753458,
year = {2020},
author = {Riddle, MC},
title = {Diabetes and COVID-19: Moving From News to Knowledge and a Glucose Hypothesis.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dci20-0045},
pmid = {32753458},
issn = {1935-5548},
}
@article {pmid32753457,
year = {2020},
author = {Battisti, S and Pedone, C and Napoli, N and Russo, E and Agnoletti, V and Nigra, SG and Dengo, C and Mughetti, M and Conte, C and Pozzilli, P and Giampalma, E and Strollo, R},
title = {Computed Tomography Highlights Increased Visceral Adiposity Associated With Critical Illness in COVID-19.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dc20-1333},
pmid = {32753457},
issn = {1935-5548},
}
@article {pmid32753456,
year = {2020},
author = {Soldo, J and Heni, M and Königsrainer, A and Häring, HU and Birkenfeld, AL and Peter, A},
title = {Increased Hepatic ACE2 Expression in NAFL and Diabetes-A Risk for COVID-19 Patients?.},
journal = {Diabetes care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2337/dc20-1458},
pmid = {32753456},
issn = {1935-5548},
}
@article {pmid32753454,
year = {2020},
author = {Harskamp, RE and van Straten, B and Bouman, J and van Maltha-van Santvoort, B and van den Dobbelsteen, JJ and van der Sijp, JR and Horeman, T},
title = {Reprocessing filtering facepiece respirators in primary care using medical autoclave: prospective, bench-to-bedside, single-centre study.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {e039454},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039454},
pmid = {32753454},
issn = {2044-6055},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: There are widespread shortages of personal protective equipment as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Reprocessing filtering facepiece particle (FFP)-type respirators may provide an alternative solution in keeping healthcare professionals safe.<br><br>DESIGN: Prospective, bench-to-bedside.<br><br>SETTING: A primary care-based study using FFP-2 respirators without exhalation valve (3M Aura 1862+ (20 samples), Maco Pharma ZZM002 (14 samples)), FFP-2 respirators with valve (3M Aura 9322+ (six samples) and San Huei 2920V (16 samples)) and valved FFP type 3 respirators (Safe Worker 1016 (10 samples)).<br><br>INTERVENTIONS: All masks were reprocessed using a medical autoclave (17 min at 121°C with 34 min total cycle time) and subsequently tested up to three times whether these respirators retained their integrity (seal check and pressure drop) and ability to filter small particles (0.3-5.0 µm) in the laboratory using a particle penetration test.<br><br>RESULTS: We tested 33 respirators and 66 samples for filter capacity. All FFP-2 respirators retained their shape, whereas half of the decontaminated FFP-3 respirators showed deformities and failed the seal check. The filtering capacity of the 3M Aura 1862 was best retained after one, two and three decontamination cycles (0.3 µm: 99.3%±0.3% (new) vs 97.0±1.3, 94.2±1.3% or 94.4±1.6; p<0.001). Of the other FFP-2 respirators, the San Huei 2920 V had 95.5%±0.7% at baseline vs 92.3%±1.7% vs 90.0±0.7 after one-time and two-time decontaminations, respectively (p<0.001). The tested FFP-3 respirator (Safe Worker 1016) had a filter capacity of 96.5%±0.7% at baseline and 60.3%±5.7% after one-time decontamination (p<0.001). Breathing and pressure resistance tests indicated no relevant pressure changes between respirators that were used once, twice or thrice.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This small single-centre study shows that selected FFP-2 respirators may be reprocessed for use in primary care, as the tested masks retain their shape, ability to retain particles and breathing comfort after decontamination using a medical autoclave.},
}
@article {pmid32753427,
year = {2020},
author = {Mathian, A and Pineton De Chambrun, M and Combes, A and Amoura, Z},
title = {Response to: 'Presence of anti-phospholipid antibodies in COVID-19: a case series study' by Amezcua-Guerra et al.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218145},
pmid = {32753427},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753426,
year = {2020},
author = {Amezcua-Guerra, LM and Rojas-Velasco, G and Brianza-Padilla, M and Vázquez-Rangel, A and Márquez-Velasco, R and Baranda-Tovar, F and Springall, R and Gonzalez-Pacheco, H and Juárez-Vicuña, Y and Tavera-Alonso, C and Sanchez-Muñoz, F and Hernández-Salas, M},
title = {Presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in COVID-19: case series study.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218100},
pmid = {32753426},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753423,
year = {2020},
author = {De Stefano, L and Rossi, S and Montecucco, C and Bugatti, S},
title = {Transient monoarthritis and psoriatic skin lesions following COVID-19.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218520},
pmid = {32753423},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753421,
year = {2020},
author = {Schulze-Koops, H and Krueger, K and Vallbracht, IV and Hasseli, R and Skapenko, A},
title = {Treatment of patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases with rituximab should be carefully considered during the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Response to: 'Persistence of rT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2 infection and delayed serological response, as a possible effect of rituximab according to the hypothesis of Schulze-Koops et al' by Benucci et al.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218686},
pmid = {32753421},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753417,
year = {2020},
author = {Benucci, M and Quartuccio, L and Li Gobbi, F and Damiani, A and Grossi, V and Infantino, M and Manfredi, M},
title = {Persistence of rT-PCR-SARS-CoV-2 infection and delayed serological response, as a possible effect of rituximab according to the hypothesis of Schulze-Koops et al.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218590},
pmid = {32753417},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753413,
year = {2020},
author = {Winthrop, KL and Mariette, X},
title = {To immunosuppress: whom, when and how? That is the question with COVID-19.},
journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218694},
pmid = {32753413},
issn = {1468-2060},
}
@article {pmid32753411,
year = {2020},
author = {Griffin, SA and Mendham, A and Krustrup, P and Murray, A and Peirce, N and Larkin, J and Jaques, R and Cowie, CM and Stokes, KA and Kemp, SP},
title = {Team sport in a COVID-19 world. A catastrophe in waiting, or an opportunity for community sport to evolve and further enhance population health?.},
journal = {British journal of sports medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bjsports-2020-102963},
pmid = {32753411},
issn = {1473-0480},
}
@article {pmid32753401,
year = {2020},
author = {Mahase, E},
title = {Covid-19: UK hospitals to get rapid tests from September.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3087},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3087},
pmid = {32753401},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32753398,
year = {2020},
author = {Wise, J},
title = {Covid-19: NHS Test and Trace must improve for schools to reopen safely, say researchers.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3083},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3083},
pmid = {32753398},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32753393,
year = {2020},
author = {Low, TY and Mathews, I and Lau, JW and Ngiam, KY},
title = {Close air support: enhancing emergency care in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/emermed-2020-210148},
pmid = {32753393},
issn = {1472-0213},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has taken the world by storm and overwhelmed healthcare institutions even in developed countries. In response, clinical staff and resources have been redeployed to the areas of greatest need, that is, intensive care units and emergency rooms (ER), to reinforce front-line manpower. We introduce the concept of close air support (CAS) to augment ER operations in an efficient, safe and scalable manner. Teams of five comprising two on-site junior ER physicians would be paired with two CAS doctors, who would be off-site but be in constant communication via teleconferencing to render real-time administrative support. They would be supervised by an ER attending. This reduces direct viral exposure to doctors, conserves precious personal protective equipment and allows ER physicians to focus on patient care. Medical students can also be involved in a safe and supervised manner. After 1 month, the average time to patient disposition was halved. General feedback was also positive. CAS improves efficiency and is safe, scalable and sustainable. It has also empowered a previously untapped group of junior clinicians to support front-line medical operations, while simultaneously protecting them from viral exposure. Institutions can consider adopting our novel approach, with modifications made according to their local context.},
}
@article {pmid32753392,
year = {2020},
author = {Joshi, AU and Lewiss, RE},
title = {Telehealth in the time of COVID-19.},
journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/emermed-2020-209846},
pmid = {32753392},
issn = {1472-0213},
abstract = {Telehealth or using technology for a remote medical encounter has become an efficient solution for safe patient care during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or COVID-19 pandemic. This medium allows patient immediate healthcare access without the need for an in-person visit. We designed a time-sensitive, practical, effective and innovative scale-up of telehealth services as a response to the demand for COVID-19 evaluation and testing. As more patients made appointments through the institution's telehealth programme, we increased the number of clinicians available. JeffConnect, the acute care telehealth programme, was expanded to increase staffing from a standing staff of 37-187 doctors within 72 hours. Telehealth care clinicians primarily trained in emergency medicine, internal medicine and family medicine followed a patient decision pathway to risk stratify patients into three groups: home quarantine no testing, home quarantine with outpatient COVID-19 testing and referral for in-person evaluation in the ED, for symptomatic and potentially unstable patients.},
}
@article {pmid32753391,
year = {2020},
author = {Van Caeseele, P and Bailey, D and Forgie, SE and Dingle, TC and Krajden, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) serology: implications for clinical practice, laboratory medicine and public health.},
journal = {CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1503/cmaj.201588},
pmid = {32753391},
issn = {1488-2329},
}
@article {pmid32753375,
year = {2020},
author = {Baombe, JP},
title = {BET 1: The role of remdesivir in COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ},
volume = {37},
number = {8},
pages = {522-523},
doi = {10.1136/emermed-2020-210336.02},
pmid = {32753375},
issn = {1472-0213},
abstract = {A short-cut review of the available medical literature was carried out to establish whether remdesivir was an effective treatment for patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. After abstract review, five papers were found to answer this clinical question using the detailed search strategy. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results and study weaknesses of these papers are tabulated. It is concluded that despite some recent promising studies, further well-designed and larger trials are needed to answer this specific question.},
}
@article {pmid32753365,
year = {2020},
author = {Beauvieux, MC and Bost, E and Castaing-Mouhica, G and Terral, C and Berthon, N and Martinel, I and Chauzit, E},
title = {Point-of-care testing: place of France in the world National survey in healthcare establisments in 2019.},
journal = {Annales de biologie clinique},
volume = {78},
number = {4},
pages = {363-382},
doi = {10.1684/abc.2020.1572},
pmid = {32753365},
issn = {1950-6112},
abstract = {The point-of-care tests (POCT) are subject to accreditation. A national inventory survey provides a synthesis of knowledge. The survey distributed 31 questions in 2019. 147 responses were received (75% biologists, 49% CHU, 42% CHG). Only 20.41% are accredited ISO22870, the majority for <50% of the medical departments; 70% say they are going there at the end of 2019 or in 2020. The maps are unknown for 32% (EBMD) and 82% (TROD). Visibility is poor with: medical establishment committee (40%), IT department (31%). Connection is necessary for 87-95% depending on the criterion (QC, authorizations, etc.) and 66% of answers highlight that less than 50% of connexion is effective. The major advantage is the delay of the result (62.5%), then the relationship with the health teams (33.3%). The disadvantages: difficulty of the quality approach (45%), cost of tests (34.3%). Human resource requirements are identified for technicians (82%) and biologists (76%). The multiplicity of sites, devices and operators means that it is difficult to set up and maintain. Biology outside the laboratories, under biological responsibility, must meet a rigorous imperative quality approach.},
}
@article {pmid32753363,
year = {2020},
author = {Charbonneau, H and Mrozek, S and Pradere, B and Cornu, JN and Misrai, V},
title = {How to resume elective surgery in light of COVID-19 post-pandemic propofol shortage: The common concern of anaesthesists and surgeons.},
journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care &amp; pain medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.007},
pmid = {32753363},
issn = {2352-5568},
}
@article {pmid32753362,
year = {2020},
author = {Smith, ADAC and Gromski, PS and Rashid, KA and Tilling, K and Lawlor, DA and Nelson, SM},
title = {Population implications of cessation of IVF during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Reproductive biomedicine online},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.07.002},
pmid = {32753362},
issn = {1472-6491},
abstract = {RESEARCH QUESTION: Discontinuation of IVF cycles has been part of the radical transformation of healthcare provision to enable reallocation of staff and resources to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study sought to estimate the impact of cessation of treatment on individual prognosis and US population live birth rates.<br><br>DESIGN: Data from 271,438 ovarian stimulation UK IVF cycles was used to model the effect of age as a continuous, yet non-linear, function on cumulative live birth rate. This model was recalibrated to cumulative live birth rates reported for the 135,673 stimulation cycles undertaken in the USA in 2016, with live birth follow-up to October 2018. The effect of a 1-month, 3-month and 6-month shutdown in IVF treatment was calculated as the effect of the equivalent increase in a woman's age, stratified by age group.<br><br>RESULTS: The average reduction in cumulative live birth rate would be 0.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.3), 0.8% (95% CI 0.8-0.8) and 1.6% (95% CI 1.6-1.6) for 1-month, 3-month and 6-month shutdowns. This corresponds to a reduction of 369 (95% CI 360-378), 1098 (95% CI 1071-1123) and 2166 (95% CI 2116-2216) live births in the cohort, respectively. Th e greatest contribution to this reduction was from older mothers.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that the discontinuation of fertility treatment for even 1 month in the USA could result in 369 fewer women having a live birth, due to the increase in patients' age during the shutdown. As a result of reductions in cumulative live birth rate, more cycles may be required to overcome infertility at individual and population levels.},
}
@article {pmid32753347,
year = {2020},
author = {Qi, M and Zhou, SJ and Guo, ZC and Zhang, LG and Min, HJ and Li, XM and Chen, JX},
title = {The Effect of Social Support on Mental Health in Chinese Adolescents During the Outbreak of COVID-19.},
journal = {The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.001},
pmid = {32753347},
issn = {1879-1972},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak impacts physical and mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between the levels of social support and mental health among Chinese adolescents during the outbreak.<br><br>METHODS: A total of 7,202 adolescents aged 14-18 years completed online survceys from March 8 to 15, 2020, in China. Researchers assessed the associations between depression symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anxiety symptoms (Chinese version of the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale), and social support (Social Support Rate Scale).<br><br>RESULTS: COVID-19 exposure was associated with a higher prevalence of depression symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-1.66) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.04-1.52). Only 24.6% of adolescents reported high levels of social support. Most adolescents (70%) reported medium levels of support, and 5.4% reported low support. Low support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 4.24, 95% CI: 3.38-5.33) and anxiety symptoms (OR = 3.18, 95% CI: 2.54-3.98), while controlling for gender, grade, living situation, and COVID-19 exposure; similarly, medium support was associated with higher prevalence of depression (OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 2.48-3.15) and anxiety (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.94-2.48) symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates there is a higher prevalence of mental health problems among adolescents with medium and low levels of social support in China during the outbreak of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32753340,
year = {2020},
author = {Konstantinou, GN and Downar, J and Daskalakis, ZJ and Blumberger, DM},
title = {Accelerated Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation in Late-Life Depression: A Possible Option for Older Depressed Adults in Need of ECT During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.007},
pmid = {32753340},
issn = {1545-7214},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an essential psychiatric service with an important role in treating older adults with severe or treatment-resistant depression. During the COVID-19 pandemic, ECT services have be constrained by infection control measures. We report a case of a 66-year-old female patient with a severe major depressive episode who had previously responded to right unilateral ECT and was treated with two modified accelerated intermittent theta-burst stimulation (aiTBS) protocols.<br><br>METHODS: The two aiTBS courses consisted of eight daily sessions over five consecutive days, followed by gradual tapering, using 1,800 pulses per session pre-COVID-19 (first course), and 600 pulses per session during the pandemic (second course).<br><br>RESULTS: Moderate to severe baseline depressive symptoms reached remission levels after both courses.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The 600-pulses aiTBS treatment protocol reported here warrants further study and evaluation, but may be a potential option in cases where older adults with severe depressive symptoms cannot access ECT during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32753338,
year = {2020},
author = {Cai, X and Hu, X and Ekumi, IO and Wang, J and An, Y and Li, Z and Yuan, B},
title = {Psychological Distress and Its Correlates Among COVID-19 Survivors During Early Convalescence Across Age Groups.},
journal = {The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.003},
pmid = {32753338},
issn = {1545-7214},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychological distress and the associated predictor factors of the 2019 corona-virus disease (COVID-19) on survivors in the early convalescence in Shenzhen.<br><br>METHOD: A survey questionnaire consisting of post-traumatic stress disorder self-rating scale (PTSD-SS), self-rating depression scale (SDS), and self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) was presented to COVID-19 survivors still in quarantine. Scores of each scale and subscale were dependent variables in the Mann-Whitney test and stepwise regression analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 126 subjects were included in the study, the mean scores of PTSD-SS, SDS, and SAS were 45.5 ± 18.9, 47.3 ± 13.1, and 43.2 ± 10.2, respectively, meanwhile, 9 (31.0%), 28 (22.2%), and 48 (38.1%) of the survivors met the cut-score for clinical significant symptoms of stress response, anxiety, and depression, respectively. Infected family members, and postinfection physical discomforts were significantly associated with scores on all three scales. Social support, retirement, and being female had significant associations with the PTSD-SS score. The survivors aged 60 or above experienced less severe stress response symptoms, fewer emotional symptoms of depression, and fewer anxiety symptoms than younger survivors.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The occurrence rate of psychological distress among the COVID-19 survivors in early convalescence was high, highlighting the need for all COVID-19 survivors to be screened for psychological distress regularly for timely intervention. The predictors indicated by the current study may help to identify those at high-risk. Besides, the results indicated the older survivors suffered less emotional reactivity and fewer stress response symptoms from infectious diseases than the younger ones.},
}
@article {pmid32753332,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, HY and Jin, B and Mao, YL},
title = {Liver injury in COVID-19: What do we know now?.},
journal = {Hepatobiliary &amp; pancreatic diseases international : HBPD INT},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.hbpd.2020.07.009},
pmid = {32753332},
issn = {1499-3872},
}
@article {pmid32753328,
year = {2020},
author = {Lalabekyan, B and Kunst, G and Skelton, VA},
title = {Torsades de Pointes in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.07.038},
pmid = {32753328},
issn = {1532-8422},
}
@article {pmid32753296,
year = {2020},
author = {Naunheim, MR and Bock, J and Doucette, PA and Hoch, M and Howell, I and Johns, MM and Johnson, AM and Krishna, P and Meyer, D and Milstein, CF and Nix, J and Pitman, MJ and Robinson-Martin, T and Rubin, AD and Sataloff, RT and Sims, HS and Titze, IR and Carroll, TL},
title = {Safer Singing During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: What We Know and What We Don't.},
journal = {Journal of voice : official journal of the Voice Foundation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.06.028},
pmid = {32753296},
issn = {1873-4588},
}
@article {pmid32753264,
year = {2020},
author = {Barrett, LF and Lo, KB and Stanek, SR and Walter, JW},
title = {Self-limited gastrointestinal bleeding in COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinics and research in hepatology and gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinre.2020.06.015},
pmid = {32753264},
issn = {2210-741X},
}
@article {pmid32753243,
year = {2020},
author = {Aziz, F and Mandelbrot, D and Singh, T and Parajuli, S and Garg, N and Mohamed, M and Astor, BC and Djamali, A},
title = {Early Report on Published Outcomes in Kidney Transplant Recipients Compared to Nontransplant Patients Infected With Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {Transplantation proceedings},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.transproceed.2020.07.002},
pmid = {32753243},
issn = {1873-2623},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Kidney transplant recipients (KTR) present unique characteristics, including disease vintage, immunosuppression, and single functioning kidneys. We conducted preliminary analyses to assess the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on outcomes in KTR compared to nontransplant patients.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated published information in peer-reviewed journals between January 1, 2020, and April 24, 2020, with available data on acute kidney injury (AKI), renal replacement therapy (RRT), intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and death and compared clinical outcomes in KTR vs nontransplant recipients with COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 19 published articles were identified, including a total of 88 KTR and 5342 nontransplant patients. The sample size varied between 2 and 2634. Mean age was 58.6 years vs 58.9 years in KTR vs nontransplant patients. Patient-level incidence of AKI (27.5% vs 13.3%, P < .001), RRT (15.4% vs 3.3%, P < .001), ICU stay (34.1% vs 15.1%, P < .001), and death (22.7% vs 16.2%, P = .10) was higher in KTR, representing relative risks of 2.06 (1.44, 2.96), 4.72 (2.62, 8.51), 2.25 (1.67, 3.03), and 1.41 (0.95, 2.08), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Early results suggest that the KTR are at significantly higher risk of AKI, RRT, and ICU stay from SARS-CoV-19 infection compared to the general population. The risk of death may not be significantly different.},
}
@article {pmid32753231,
year = {2020},
author = {Wilke, NG and Howard, AH and Pop, D},
title = {Data-informed recommendations for services providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Child abuse &amp; neglect},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104642},
doi = {10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104642},
pmid = {32753231},
issn = {1873-7757},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated response measures have led to unprecedented challenges for service providers working with vulnerable children and families around the world.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present study was to better understand the impact of the pandemic and associated response measures on vulnerable children and families and provide data-informed recommendations for public and private service providers working with this population.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: Representatives from 87 non-government organizations (NGOs) providing a variety of direct services (i.e. residential care, family preservation, foster care, etc.) to 454,637 vulnerable children and families in 43 countries completed a brief online survey.<br><br>METHODS: Using a mixed methods design, results examined 1) ways in which children and families have been directly impacted by COVID-19, 2) the impact of the pandemic on services provided by NGOs, 3) government responses and gaps in services for this population during the pandemic, and 4) strategies that have been effective in filling these gaps.<br><br>RESULTS: Data revealed that the pandemic and restrictive measures were associated with increased risk factors for vulnerable children and families, including not having access to vital services. The NGOs experienced government restrictions, decreased financial support, and inability to adequately provide services. Increased communication and supportive activities had a positive impact on both NGO staff and the families they serve.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Based on the findings, ten recommendations were made for service providers working with vulnerable children and families during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32753159,
year = {2020},
author = {Tichy, EM and Francis, JR},
title = {Impactful Policy Action to Reduce Drug Costs in Managing Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1808-1809},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.042},
pmid = {32753159},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753157,
year = {2020},
author = {Larson, DW and Abd El Aziz, MA and Mandrekar, JN},
title = {How Many Lives Will Delay of Colon Cancer Surgery Cost During the COVID-19 Pandemic? An Analysis Based on the US National Cancer Database.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1805-1807},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.006},
pmid = {32753157},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753156,
year = {2020},
author = {Siuka, D and Pfeifer, M and Pinter, B},
title = {Vitamin D Supplementation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1804-1805},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.036},
pmid = {32753156},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753155,
year = {2020},
author = {Degen, C and Lenarz, T and Willenborg, K},
title = {Acute Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss After COVID-19 Pneumonia.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1801-1803},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.034},
pmid = {32753155},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753154,
year = {2020},
author = {Naddaf, E and Laughlin, RS and Klein, CJ and Toledano, M and Theel, ES and Binnicker, MJ and Nagappan, V and Abdulrazzak, M and Phelan, DM},
title = {Guillain-Barré Syndrome in a Patient With Evidence of Recent SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1799-1801},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.029},
pmid = {32753154},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753148,
year = {2020},
author = {Narang, K and Enninga, EAL and Gunaratne, MDSK and Ibirogba, ER and Trad, ATA and Elrefaei, A and Theiler, RN and Ruano, R and Szymanski, LM and Chakraborty, R and Garovic, VD},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Infection and COVID-19 During Pregnancy: A Multidisciplinary Review.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1750-1765},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.011},
pmid = {32753148},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {The global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been associated with worse outcomes in several patient populations, including the elderly and those with chronic comorbidities. Data from previous pandemics and seasonal influenza suggest that pregnant women may be at increased risk for infection-associated morbidity and mortality. Physiologic changes in normal pregnancy and metabolic and vascular changes in high-risk pregnancies may affect the pathogenesis or exacerbate the clinical presentation of COVID-19. Specifically, SARS-CoV-2 enters the cell via the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is upregulated in normal pregnancy. Upregulation of ACE2 mediates conversion of angiotensin II (vasoconstrictor) to angiotensin-(1-7) (vasodilator) and contributes to relatively low blood pressures, despite upregulation of other components of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. As a result of higher ACE2 expression, pregnant women may be at elevated risk for complications from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Upon binding to ACE2, SARS-CoV-2 causes its downregulation, thus lowering angiotensin-(1-7) levels, which can mimic/worsen the vasoconstriction, inflammation, and pro-coagulopathic effects that occur in preeclampsia. Indeed, early reports suggest that, among other adverse outcomes, preeclampsia may be more common in pregnant women with COVID-19. Medical therapy, during pregnancy and breastfeeding, relies on medications with proven safety, but safety data are often missing for medications in the early stages of clinical trials. We summarize guidelines for medical/obstetric care and outline future directions for optimization of treatment and preventive strategies for pregnant patients with COVID-19 with the understanding that relevant data are limited and rapidly changing.},
}
@article {pmid32753145,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Lami, RA and Urban, RJ and Volpi, E and Algburi, AMA and Baillargeon, J},
title = {Sex Hormones and Novel Corona Virus Infectious Disease (COVID-19).},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1710-1714},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.013},
pmid = {32753145},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {Given the rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and its overwhelming effect on health care systems and the global economy, innovative therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. The proposed primary culprit of COVID-19 is the intense inflammatory response-an augmented immune response and cytokine storm-severely damaging the lung tissue and rendering some patients' conditions severe enough to require assisted ventilation. Sex differences in the response to inflammation have been documented and can be attributed, at least in part, to sex steroid hormones. Moreover, age-associated decreases in sex steroid hormones, namely, estrogen and testosterone, may mediate proinflammatory increases in older adults that could increase their risk of COVID-19 adverse outcomes. Sex hormones can mitigate the inflammation response and might provide promising therapeutic potential for patients with COVID-19. In this article, we explore the possible anti-inflammatory effects of estrogen and testosterone and the anabolic effect of testosterone, with particular attention to the potential therapeutic role of hormone replacement therapy in older men and women with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32753143,
year = {2020},
author = {Huang, JF and Greenway, MRF and Nasr, DM and Chukwudelunzu, FE and Demaerschalk, BM and O'Carroll, CB and Nord, CA and Pahl, EA and Barrett, KM and Williams, LN},
title = {Telestroke in the Time of COVID-19: The Mayo Clinic Experience.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1704-1708},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.007},
pmid = {32753143},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic, and in the weeks following, public health organizations, medical associations, and governing bodies throughout the world recommended limiting contact with others to &quot;flatten the curve&quot; of COVID-19. Although both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes have been reported with COVID-19, there has been anecdotal suggestion of an overall decrease in stroke admissions. To date, the effects of any pandemic on telestroke service lines have not been described. The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis of telestroke activations in the 30 days before and after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic is to describe the difference in case volumes of telestroke activations, the characteristics of patients, and treatment recommendations between the 2 time frames. We found a 50.0% reduction in total telestroke activations between the predeclaration group (142 patients) and the postdeclaration group (71 patients). There were no statistically significant differences in age (P=.95), sex (P=.10), diagnosis (P=.26), or regional variations (P=.08) in activation volumes. The percentage of patients for whom we recommended urgent stroke treatment with intravenous alteplase, mechanical thrombectomy, or both decreased from 44.4% (28 of 63) to 33.3% (11 of 33). The reasons for the sunstantial decrease in telestroke activations and urgent stroke treatment recommendations are likely multifactorial but nevertheless underscore the importance of continued public health measures to encourage patients and families to seek emergency medical care at the time of symptom onset.},
}
@article {pmid32753142,
year = {2020},
author = {Rucinski, SL and Binnicker, MJ and Thomas, AS and Patel, R},
title = {Seasonality of Coronavirus 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 From 2014 to 2020.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1701-1703},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.032},
pmid = {32753142},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {The possibility of seasonality of COVID-19 is being discussed; we show clinical microbiology laboratory data illustrating seasonality of coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43. The data shown are specific to the 4 studied coronaviruses and may or may not generalize to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32753141,
year = {2020},
author = {Voisin, O and Lorc'h, EL and Mahé, A and Azria, P and Borie, MF and Hubert, S and Ménage, E and Guillerm, JC and Mourad, JJ},
title = {Acute QT Interval Modifications During Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment in the Context of COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1696-1700},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.005},
pmid = {32753141},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {Among candidate drugs to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the combination of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin (AZ) has received intense worldwide attention. Even as the efficacy of this combination is under evaluation, clinicians have begun to use it largely. As these medications are known to prolong the QT interval, we analyzed serial electrocardiograms recorded in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia and treated with HCQ + AZ. Fifty consecutive patients received the combination of HCQ (600 mg/d for 10 days) and AZ (500 mg/d on day 1 and 250 mg/d from day 2 to day 5). Twelve-lead electrocardiograms were recorded before treatment, at day 3, at day 5, and at discharge. The median age of patients was 68 years (interquartile range, 53-81 years); 28 (56%) were men. The main comorbidities were hypertension (36%; n=18) and diabetes (16%; n=8). The mean corrected QT (QTc) interval was 408 ms at baseline and increased up to 437 ms at day 3 and to 456 ms at day 5. Thirty-eight patients (76%) presented short-term modifications of the QTc duration (>30 ms). Treatment discontinuation was decided in 6 patients (12%), leading to QTc normalization in 5 of them. No deaths and no cardiac arrhythmic events were observed in this cohort. Our report confirms that a short duration treatment with HCQ + AZ modifies the QTc interval. The treatment had to be discontinued for QTc modifications in 12% of patients. Nevertheless, in inpatients hospitalized for COVID-19, we did not observe any clinically relevant consequences of these transitory modifications. In conclusion, when patients are treated with HCQ + AZ, cardiac monitoring should be regularly performed and hospital settings allow monitoring under in safe conditions.},
}
@article {pmid32753138,
year = {2020},
author = {Tariq, R and Saha, S and Furqan, F and Hassett, L and Pardi, D and Khanna, S},
title = {Prevalence and Mortality of COVID-19 Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1632-1648},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.06.003},
pmid = {32753138},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosed.<br><br>METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus was performed from December 1, 2019 to May 7, 2020. Observational studies including adults with COVID-19 infection and reporting GI symptoms were included. The primary outcome was assessing the weighted pooled prevalence (WPP) of GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19 infection. Secondary outcomes were WPP of overall mortality, and mortality in patients with COVID-19 infection with GI symptoms.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 78 studies with 12,797 patients were included. Among GI symptoms (at onset of illness in 6, at admission in 17, data given separately for both in 3, and data unavailable in 52 studies), the WPP of diarrhea was 12.4% (95% CI, 8.2% to 17.1%), I2=94%; nausea and/or vomiting, 9.0% (95% CI, 5.5% to 12.9%), I2=93%; loss of appetite, 22.3% (95% CI, 11.2% to 34.6%, I2=94%; and abdominal pain, 6.2% (95% CI, 2.6% to 10.3%), I2=92%. Mortality among patients with GI symptoms (0.4%; 95% CI, 0% to 1.1%; I2=74%) was similar to overall mortality (2.1%; 95% CI, 0.2% to 4.7%; I2=94%), P=.15. Most studies had high risk of bias and overall quality of evidence was low to very low for all outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Gastrointestinal symptoms are seen in up to 1 in 5 patients with COVID-19 infection. More high-quality evidence is needed to confirm these findings and explore factors causing mortality in these patients.},
}
@article {pmid32753137,
year = {2020},
author = {Agyeman, AA and Chin, KL and Landersdorfer, CB and Liew, D and Ofori-Asenso, R},
title = {Smell and Taste Dysfunction in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1621-1631},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030},
pmid = {32753137},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions (OGDs) among patients infected with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>METHODS: A systematic review was conducted by searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the preprint server MedRxiv from their inception until May 11, 2020, using the terms anosmia or hyposmia or dysosmia or olfactory dysfunction or olfaction disorder or smell dysfunction or ageusia or hypogeusia or dysgeusia or taste dysfunction or gustatory dysfunction or neurological and COVID-19 or 2019 novel coronavirus or 2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2. The references of included studies were also manually screened. Only studies involving patients with diagnostic-confirmed COVID-19 infection were included. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed.<br><br>RESULTS: Twenty-four studies with data from 8438 patients with test-confirmed COVID-19 infection from 13 countries were included. The pooled proportions of patients presenting with olfactory dysfunction and gustatory dysfunction were 41.0% (95% CI, 28.5% to 53.9%) and 38.2% (95% CI, 24.0% to 53.6%), respectively. Increasing mean age correlated with lower prevalence of olfactory (coefficient = -0.076; P=.02) and gustatory (coefficient = -0.073; P=.03) dysfunctions. There was a higher prevalence of olfactory dysfunctions with the use of objective measurements compared with self-reports (coefficient = 2.33; P=.01). No significant moderation of the prevalence of OGDs by sex was observed.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is a high prevalence of OGDs among patients infected with COVID-19. Routine screening for these conditions could contribute to improved case detection in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. However, to better inform population screening measures, further studies are needed to establish causality.},
}
@article {pmid32753136,
year = {2020},
author = {Alkhouli, M and Nanjundappa, A and Annie, F and Bates, MC and Bhatt, DL},
title = {Sex Differences in Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19: Insights From a Multinational Registry.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1613-1620},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.014},
pmid = {32753136},
issn = {1942-5546},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To confirm whether a relationship exists between male sex and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality and whether this relationship is age dependent.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We queried the COVID-19 Research Network, a multinational database using the TriNetX network, to identify patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. The main end point of the study was all-cause mortality.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 14,712 patients were included, of whom 6387 (43%) were men. Men were older (mean age, 55.0±17.7 years vs 51.1±17.9 years; P<.001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary disease, obstructive pulmonary disease, nicotine dependence, and heart failure but a lower prevalence of obesity. Before propensity score matching (PSM), all-cause mortality rate was 8.8% in men and 4.3% in women (odds ratio, 2.15; 95% CI, 1.87 to 2.46; P<.001) at a median follow-up duration of 34 and 32 days, respectively. In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival was significantly lower in men than in women (73% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). After PSM, all-cause mortality remained significantly higher in men than in women (8.13% vs 4.60%; odds ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.55 to 2.11; P<.001). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in men than in women (74% vs 86%; log-rank, P<.001). The cumulative probability of survival remained significantly lower in propensity score-matched men than in women after excluding patients younger than 50 years and those who were taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker medications on admission.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Among patients with COVID-19 infection, men had a significantly higher mortality than did women, and this difference was not completely explained by the higher prevalence of comorbidities in men.},
}
@article {pmid32753133,
year = {2020},
author = {Vallabhajosyula, S and Friedman, PA and Bell, MR},
title = {Cardiovascular Health in the COVID-19 Era: A Call for Action and Education.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1584-1588},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.031},
pmid = {32753133},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753131,
year = {2020},
author = {Desai, A and Kulkarni, A and Rajkumar, SV and Gyawali, B},
title = {Clinical Trial End Points in Severe COVID-19.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1578-1580},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.025},
pmid = {32753131},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753130,
year = {2020},
author = {Farrugia, G and Plutowski, RW},
title = {Innovation Lessons From the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Mayo Clinic proceedings},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1574-1577},
doi = {10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.024},
pmid = {32753130},
issn = {1942-5546},
}
@article {pmid32753110,
year = {2020},
author = {Soler Rich, R and Rius Tarruella, J and Melgosa Camarero, MT},
title = {Expanded Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a novel therapeutic approach of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia (COVID-19). Concepts regarding a first case in Spain.},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.018},
pmid = {32753110},
issn = {1578-8989},
}
@article {pmid32753109,
year = {2020},
author = {Martín Pozuelo Ruiz de Pascual, R and López Pardo, P and López-Dóriga Bonnardeaux, P},
title = {Pancytopenia during SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.016},
pmid = {32753109},
issn = {1578-8989},
}
@article {pmid32753078,
year = {2020},
author = {Adekunle, AI and Adegboye, OA and Gayawan, E and McBryde, ES},
title = {Is Nigeria really on top of COVID-19? Message from effective reproduction number.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-16},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820001740},
pmid = {32753078},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid32753076,
year = {2020},
author = {Roy, D and Ghosh, R and Dubey, S and Dubey, MJ and Benito-León, J and Kanti Ray, B},
title = {Neurological and Neuropsychiatric Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-66},
doi = {10.1017/cjn.2020.173},
pmid = {32753076},
issn = {0317-1671},
}
@article {pmid32753072,
year = {2020},
author = {Seshadri, S and Concannon, C and Woods, JA and McCullough, K and Dumyati, G},
title = {&quot;It's like Fighting a War with Rocks:&quot; Nursing Home Healthcare Workers' Experiences During COVID-19.},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.393},
pmid = {32753072},
issn = {1559-6834},
}
@article {pmid32753065,
year = {2020},
author = {Nakamura, H and Kinjo, T and Arakaki, W and Miyagi, K and Tateyama, M and Fujita, J},
title = {Serum levels of receptor-interacting protein kinase-3 in patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {484},
doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03209-6},
pmid = {32753065},
issn = {1466-609X},
}
@article {pmid32753056,
year = {2020},
author = {Morath, C and Weigand, MA and Zeier, M and Speer, C and Tiwari-Heckler, S and Merle, U},
title = {Plasma exchange in critically ill COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {481},
doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03171-3},
pmid = {32753056},
issn = {1466-609X},
}
@article {pmid32753052,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, RK and Bhargava, R and Shaukat, AA and Albert, E and Leggat, J},
title = {Spectrum of podocytopathies in new-onset nephrotic syndrome following COVID-19 disease: a report of 2 cases.},
journal = {BMC nephrology},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {326},
doi = {10.1186/s12882-020-01970-y},
pmid = {32753052},
issn = {1471-2369},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic which has affected over 12 million people across the globe. Manifestations in different organs systems are being reported regularly. Renal biopsy findings in hospitalized COVID-19 patients presenting solely with acute kidney injury (AKI) have recently been described in published literature in few case reports. The findings include diffuse acute tubular injury (ATI) along with the glomerular lesion of collapsing glomerulopathy (CG). However, nephrotic syndrome as the presenting complaint of COVID-19 has not been reported widely, neither has any other glomerular lesion other than CG.<br><br>CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the kidney biopsy findings of two patients who had recent diagnoses of COVID-19 and presented with new-onset nephrotic syndrome. Renal biopsy in both patients showed ATI (as in previous reports) and distinct glomerular findings on light microscopy - that of minimal change disease (MCD) initially in one patient followed by CG in a subsequent biopsy and CG at the outset in the other patient. The electron microscopic findings in both patients were that of severe podocytopathy (diffuse and severe podocyte foot process effacement).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our cases highlight a novel clinical presentation of COVID-19 renal disease, not described before, that of new-onset nephrotic syndrome. While all published case reports describe CG as the glomerular pathology, we describe a non-CG pathology (MCD) in one of our cases, thereby adding to the repertoire of renal pathology described in association with COVID-19 patients. However, the exact mechanism by which podocyte injury or podocytopathy occurs in all such cases is still unknown. Optimal treatment options for these patients also remains unknown at this time.},
}
@article {pmid32753048,
year = {2020},
author = {Ren, C and Yao, RQ and Ren, D and Li, Y and Feng, YW and Yao, YM},
title = {Comparison of clinical laboratory tests between bacterial sepsis and SARS-CoV-2-associated viral sepsis.},
journal = {Military Medical Research},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {36},
doi = {10.1186/s40779-020-00267-3},
pmid = {32753048},
issn = {2054-9369},
abstract = {Sepsis is a life-threatening condition that is characterized by multiple organ dysfunction due to abnormal host response to various pathogens, like bacteria, fungi and virus. The differences between viral and bacterial sepsis are indeed of great significance to deepen the understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis, especially under pandemics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32753027,
year = {2020},
author = {Singh, B},
title = {Role of key point Mutations in Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.},
journal = {Infectious disorders drug targets},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/1871526520666200804161650},
pmid = {32753027},
issn = {2212-3989},
abstract = {The recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2 or 2019-nCoV) and its worldwide spread is posing one of the major threats to human health and the world economy. It has been suggested that SARS-CoV-2 is similar to SARSCoV based on the comparison of the genome sequence. Despite the genomic similarity between SARS-CoV-2 and SARSCoV, the spike glycoprotein and receptor binding domain in SARS-CoV-2 shows the considerable difference compared to SARS-CoV, due to the presence of several point mutations. The analysis of receptor binding domain (RBD) from recently published 3D structures of spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 (Yan, R., et al. (2020); Wrapp, D., et al. (2020); Walls, A. C., et al. (2020)) highlights the contribution of a few key point mutations in RBD of spike glycoprotein and molecular basis of its efficient binding with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2).},
}
@article {pmid32752997,
year = {2020},
author = {Fokas, AS and Dikaios, N and Kastis, GA},
title = {Mathematical models and deep learning for predicting the number of individuals reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of the Royal Society, Interface},
volume = {17},
number = {169},
pages = {20200494},
doi = {10.1098/rsif.2020.0494},
pmid = {32752997},
issn = {1742-5662},
abstract = {We introduce a novel methodology for predicting the time evolution of the number of individuals in a given country reported to be infected with SARS-CoV-2. This methodology, which is based on the synergy of explicit mathematical formulae and deep learning networks, yields algorithms whose input is only the existing data in the given country of the accumulative number of individuals who are reported to be infected. The analytical formulae involve several constant parameters that were determined from the available data using an error-minimizing algorithm. The same data were also used for the training of a bidirectional long short-term memory network. We applied the above methodology to the epidemics in Italy, Spain, France, Germany, USA and Sweden. The significance of these results for evaluating the impact of easing the lockdown measures is discussed.},
}
@article {pmid32752979,
year = {2020},
author = {Andres, C and Garcia-Cehic, D and Gregori, J and Piñana, M and Rodriguez-Frias, F and Guerrero-Murillo, M and Esperalba, J and Rando, A and Goterris, L and Codina, MG and Quer, S and Martín, MC and Campins, M and Ferrer, R and Almirante, B and Esteban, JI and Pumarola, T and Antón, A and Quer, J},
title = {Naturally occurring SARS-CoV-2 gene deletions close to the spike S1/S2 cleavage site in the viral quasispecies of COVID19 patients.},
journal = {Emerging microbes &amp; infections},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-48},
doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1806735},
pmid = {32752979},
issn = {2222-1751},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, the viral mediator for binding and entry into the host cell, has sparked great interest as a target for vaccine development and treatments with neutralizing antibodies. Initial data suggest that the virus has low mutation rates, but its large genome could facilitate recombination, insertions, and deletions, as has been described in other coronaviruses. Here, we deep-sequenced the complete SARS-CoV-2 S gene from 18 patients (10 with mild and 8 with severe COVID-19), and found that the virus accumulates deletions upstream and very close to the S1/S2 cleavage site (PRRAR/S), generating a frameshift with appearance of a stop codon. These deletions were found in a small percentage of the viral quasispecies (2.2%) in samples from all the mild and only half the severe COVID-19 patients. Our results suggest that the virus may generate free S1 protein released to the circulation. We suggest that natural selection has favored a &quot;Don't burn down the house&quot; strategy, in which free S1 protein may compete with viral particles for the ACE2 receptor, thus reducing the severity of the infection and tissue damage without losing transmission capability.},
}
@article {pmid32752970,
year = {2020},
author = {Khan, S and Gionfriddo, MR and Cortes-Penfield, N and Thunga, G and Rashid, M},
title = {The trade-off dilemma in pharmacotherapy of COVID-19: systematic review, meta-analysis, and implications.},
journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-29},
doi = {10.1080/14656566.2020.1792884},
pmid = {32752970},
issn = {1744-7666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide and has contributed to over 650,000 deaths. This review synthesizes the literature on COVID-19 pharmacotherapy to inform practice and policymaking.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: The authors systematically review the published literature on COVID-19 therapeutics, grouping candidate treatments into repurposed, adjunct, and experimental agents. They conducted meta-analysis where appropriate and provide recommendations based on compilation from real-time/interim therapeutic guidelines. They then advise on how to navigate and advance the evidence in the current context of uncertainty and urgency and provide expert opinion on suggested framework.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: Current evidence does not support a clear role for pharmacotherapy in COVID-19. While promising signals have been found through limited number of RCTs, these must be interpreted with caution. Without proper protection from bias and confounding we risk exposing patients to treatments where the potential for benefit is at best unclear, yet the potential for harm from adverse effects is high leading to a trade-off dilemma in decision making. Advancing the evidence requires a coordinated effort to design and conduct robust trials and to systematically synthesize and critically evaluate findings. Therapies should be reserved for use in clinical trials, emergency or compassionate access until we gain more confidence in the balance of benefit and harm.},
}
@article {pmid32752951,
year = {2020},
author = {Khelfaoui, H and Harkati, D and Saleh, BA},
title = {Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations and reactivity, studies on approved drugs library targeting ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 binding with ACE2.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-17},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1803967},
pmid = {32752951},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The recent new contagion coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) disease is a new generation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 SARS-CoV-2 which infected millions confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands death cases around the world so far. Molecular docking combined with molecular dynamics is one of the most important tools of drug discovery and drug design, which it used to examine the type of binding between the ligand and its protein enzyme. Global reactivity has important properties, which enable chemists to understand the chemical reactivity and kinetic stability of compounds. In this study, molecular docking and reactivity were applied for eighteen drugs, which are similar in structure to chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, the potential inhibitors to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Those drugs were selected from DrugBank. The reactivity, molecular docking and molecular dynamics were performed for two receptors ACE2 and [SARS-CoV-2/ACE2] complex receptor in two active sites to find a ligand, which may inhibit COVID-19. The results obtained from this study showed that Ramipril, Delapril and Lisinopril could bind with ACE2 receptor and [SARS-CoV-2/ACE2] complex better than chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine. This new understanding should help to improve predictions of the impact of such alternatives on COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32752947,
year = {2020},
author = {Joshi, T and Joshi, T and Pundir, H and Sharma, P and Mathpal, S and Chandra, S},
title = {Predictive modeling by deep learning, virtual screening and molecular dynamics study of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2 main protease.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-19},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1802341},
pmid = {32752947},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The whole world is facing a great challenging time due to Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2. Globally, more than 14.6 M people have been diagnosed and more than 595 K deaths are reported. Currently, no effective vaccine or drugs are available to combat COVID-19. Therefore, the whole world is looking for new drug candidates that can treat the COVID-19. In this study, we conducted a virtual screening of natural compounds using a deep-learning method. A deep-learning algorithm was used for the predictive modeling of a CHEMBL3927 dataset of inhibitors of Main protease (Mpro). Several predictive models were developed and evaluated based on R2, MAE MSE, RMSE, and Loss. The best model with R2=0.83, MAE = 1.06, MSE = 1.5, RMSE = 1.2, and loss = 1.5 was deployed on the Selleck database containing 1611 natural compounds for virtual screening. The model predicted 500 hits showing the value score between 6.9 and 3.8. The screened compounds were further enriched by molecular docking resulting in 39 compounds based on comparison with the reference (X77). Out of them, only four compounds were found to be drug-like and three were non-toxic. The complexes of compounds and Mpro were finally subjected to Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation for 100 ns. The MMPBSA result showed that two compounds Palmatine and Sauchinone formed very stable complex with Mpro and had free energy of -71.47 kJ mol-1 and -71.68 kJ mol-1 respectively as compared to X77 (-69.58 kJ mol-1). From this study, we can suggest that the identified natural compounds may be considered for therapeutic development against the SARS-CoV-2. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32752944,
year = {2020},
author = {Siddiqui, AJ and Jahan, S and Ashraf, SA and Alreshidi, M and Ashraf, MS and Patel, M and Snoussi, M and Singh, R and Adnan, M},
title = {Current status and strategic possibilities on potential use of combinational drug therapy against COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1802345},
pmid = {32752944},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The spread of new coronavirus infection starting December 2019 as novel SARS-CoV-2, identified as the causing agent of COVID-19, has affected all over the world and been declared as pandemic. Approximately, more than 8,807,398 confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and 464,483 deaths have been reported globally till the end of 21 June 2020. Until now, there is no specific drug therapy or vaccine available for the treatment of COVID-19. However, some potential antimalarial drugs like hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, antifilarial drug ivermectin and antiviral drugs have been tested by many research groups worldwide for their possible effect against the COVID-19. Hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin have been identified to act by creating the acidic condition in cells and inhibiting the importin (IMPα/β1) mediated viral import. There is a possibility that some other antimalarial drugs/antibiotics in combination with immunomodulators may help in combatting this pandemic disease. Therefore, this review focuses on the current use of various drugs as single agents (hydroxychloroquine, ivermectin, azithromycin, favipiravir, remdesivir, umifenovir, teicoplanin, nitazoxanide, doxycycline, and dexamethasone) or in combinations with immunomodulators additionally. Furthermore, possible mode of action, efficacy and current stage of clinical trials of various drug combinations against COVID-19 disease has also been discussed in detail. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32752939,
year = {2020},
author = {Marski, K and Meaiki, A and Shanouda, M},
title = {Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of addictive diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1080/10550887.2020.1800890},
pmid = {32752939},
issn = {1545-0848},
abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus patients with compromised immune systems may be particularly vulnerable. Aside from known causes of immunocompromised states one cause which may have not received due attention is consumption of adulterated recreational drugs. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine poses a particular concern given that documented risk of agranulocytosis and severe neutropenia that may put those exposed at risk of bacterial superinfections and other complications as well as potentially increasing exposure. While oustanding questions remain these risks may warrant inclusion into patient counseling activities by clinicians.},
}
@article {pmid32752938,
year = {2020},
author = {Gul, S and Ozcan, O and Asar, S and Okyar, A and Barıs, I and Kavakli, IH},
title = {In silico identification of widely used and well-tolerated drugs as potential SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors for direct use in clinical trials.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-20},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1802346},
pmid = {32752938},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {Despite strict measures taken by many countries, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to be an issue of global concern. Currently, there are no clinically proven pharmacotherapies for coronavirus disease 2019, despite promising initial results obtained from drugs such as azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine. Therefore, the repurposing of clinically approved drugs for use against SARS-CoV-2 has become a viable strategy. Here, we searched for drugs that target SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro) and viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by in silico screening of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved drug library. Well-tolerated and widely used drugs were selected for molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to evaluate drug-protein interactions and their persistence under physiological conditions. Tetracycline, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, dutasteride, nelfinavir, and paliperidone formed stable interactions with 3CLpro based on MD simulation results. Similar analysis with RdRp showed that eltrombopag, tipranavir, ergotamine, and conivaptan bound to the enzyme with high binding free energies. Docking results suggest that ergotamine, dihydroergotamine, bromocriptine, dutasteride, conivaptan, paliperidone, and tipranavir can bind to both enzymes with high affinity. As these drugs are well tolerated, cost-effective, and widely used, our study suggests that they could potentially to be used in clinical trials for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32752936,
year = {2020},
author = {Badraoui, R and Alrashedi, MM and El-May, MV and Bardakci, F},
title = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome: a life threatening associated complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1803139},
pmid = {32752936},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is a form of respiratory failure in human. The number of deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection inducing this severe pneumonia (ARDS) is relatively high. In fact, COVID-19 might get worsen in ARDS and provoke respiratory failure. A better understood of ARDS key features and the pathophysiological injuries of the pulmonary parenchyma are linked to lessons learned from previous severe diseases associated previous coronaviruses outbreaks (especially SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV) and more the ongoing SARS-CoV-2. The ARDS mechanism includes a diffuse alveolar damage associated disruption of alveolar capillary membrane, pulmonary edema, damaged endothelium and increased permeability. A diffuse inflammation, with acute onset, on the lung tissue accompanied by release of biochemical signal and inflammatory mediators (TNFα, IL-1 and IL-6) leading to hypoxemia, low PaO2/FiO2 ratio and the chest radiological expression of bilateral infiltrates in ARDS. The ongoing outbreak could lead to a better understood of ARDS pathophysiology and prognostic. An overview is also highlighted about the seven coronaviruses proved to infect human especially those having ability to cause severe disease SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. In this review, we focused on the major pathological mechanisms leading to the ARDS development as a result of viral infection, severe COVID-19 worsening. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32752644,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, P and Beeler, P and Chakrabarty, RK},
title = {Dynamic interplay between social distancing duration and intensity in reducing COVID-19 US hospitalizations: A &quot;law of diminishing returns&quot;.},
journal = {Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {071102},
doi = {10.1063/5.0013871},
pmid = {32752644},
issn = {1089-7682},
abstract = {We uncover and highlight the importance of social distancing duration and intensity in lowering hospitalization demand-to-supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the USA. We have developed an epidemic progression model involving the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered dynamics, the age-stratified disease transmissibility, and the possible large-scale undocumented (i.e., asymptomatic and/or untested) transmission of COVID-19 taking place in the USA. Our analysis utilizes COVID-19 observational data in the USA between March 19 and 28, corresponding to the early stage of the epidemic when the impacts of social distancing on disease progression were yet to manifest. Calibrating our model using epidemiological data from this time period enabled us to unbiasedly address the question &quot;How long and with what intensity does the USA need to implement social distancing intervention during the COVID-19 pandemic?&quot; For a short (i.e., up to two weeks) duration, we find a near-linear decrease in hospital beds demand with increasing intensity (φ) of social distancing. For a duration longer than two weeks, our findings highlight the diminishing marginal benefit of social distancing, characterized by a linear decrease in medical demands against an exponentially increasing social distancing duration. Long-term implementation of strict social distancing with φ>50% could lead to the emergence of a second wave of infections due to a large residual susceptible population which highlights the need for contact tracing and isolation before re-opening of the economy. Finally, we investigate the scenario of intermittent social distancing and find an optimal social-to-no-distancing duration ratio of 5:1 corresponding to a sustainable reduction in medical demands.},
}
@article {pmid32752627,
year = {2020},
author = {Khajanchi, S and Sarkar, K},
title = {Forecasting the daily and cumulative number of cases for the COVID-19 pandemic in India.},
journal = {Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)},
volume = {30},
number = {7},
pages = {071101},
doi = {10.1063/5.0016240},
pmid = {32752627},
issn = {1089-7682},
abstract = {The ongoing novel coronavirus epidemic was announced a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, and the Government of India declared a nationwide lockdown on March 25, 2020 to prevent community transmission of the coronavirus disease (COVID)-19. Due to the absence of specific antivirals or vaccine, mathematical modeling plays an important role in better understanding the disease dynamics and in designing strategies to control the rapidly spreading infectious disease. In our study, we developed a new compartmental model that explains the transmission dynamics of COVID-19. We calibrated our proposed model with daily COVID-19 data for four Indian states, namely, Jharkhand, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, and Chandigarh. We study the qualitative properties of the model, including feasible equilibria and their stability with respect to the basic reproduction number R0. The disease-free equilibrium becomes stable and the endemic equilibrium becomes unstable when the recovery rate of infected individuals increases, but if the disease transmission rate remains higher, then the endemic equilibrium always remains stable. For the estimated model parameters, R0>1 for all four states, which suggests the significant outbreak of COVID-19. Short-time prediction shows the increasing trend of daily and cumulative cases of COVID-19 for the four states of India.},
}
@article {pmid32752599,
year = {2020},
author = {Ng, QX and De Deyn, MLZQ and Loke, W and Yeo, WS},
title = {Yemen's Cholera Epidemic Is a One Health Issue.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {289-292},
doi = {10.3961/jpmph.20.154},
pmid = {32752599},
issn = {2233-4521},
abstract = {Yemen has been faced with the worst cholera epidemic of modern times, with more than 1 million suspected cases and 3000 deaths at the time of writing. This problem is largely due to the longstanding civil war between pro-government forces and the Houthi armed movement, which has severely damaged already vulnerable sanitation and healthcare facilities and systems in the country. It is further compounded by a dire lack of basic amenities, chronic malnutrition, and unfavourable weather conditions. Another contributory component may be aerial transfer by cholera-infected chironomid insects. To contain the spread of cholera in Yemen, a nation-wide armistice should be negotiated, and national and local committees must be convened to coordinate efforts on the ground. Community isolation facilities with proper sanitation, reliable disposal systems, and a clean water supply should be set up to isolate and treat sick patients. The continuity of vaccination programmes should be ensured. Public health campaigns to educate local communities about good hygiene practices and nutrition are also necessary. The One Health paradigm emphasizes a multi-sectoral and transdisciplinary understanding and approach to prevent and mitigate the threat of communicable diseases. This paradigm is highly applicable to the ongoing cholera crisis in Yemen, as it demands a holistic and whole-of-society approach at the local, regional, and national levels. The key stakeholders and warring parties in Yemen must work towards a lasting ceasefire during these trying times, especially given the extra burden from the mounting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak worldwide.},
}
@article {pmid32752592,
year = {2020},
author = {Valeriani, G and Vukovic, IS and Mollica, R},
title = {Unconventional Answers to Unprecedented Challenges: The Swedish Experience During the COVID-19 Outbreak.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {233-235},
doi = {10.3961/jpmph.20.235},
pmid = {32752592},
issn = {2233-4521},
abstract = {Since its early stages, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed immense challenges in meeting the public health and healthcare and social care needs of migrants. In line with other reports from United Kingdom and United States, data from Sweden's health authority show that migrants have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Following the World Health Organization's statements, as well as the European Public Health Association's call for action, several centres in Sweden's most populated areas have activated tools to implement national plans for community outreach through initiatives targeting migrants and ethnic minority groups. Unconventional means should be promoted to mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on migrants and the health of the public at large.},
}
@article {pmid32752591,
year = {2020},
author = {Issac, A and Stephen, S and Jacob, J and Vr, V and Radhakrishnan, RV and Krishnan, N and Dhandapani, M},
title = {The Pandemic League of COVID-19: Korea Versus the United States, With Lessons for the Entire World.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {228-232},
doi = {10.3961/jpmph.20.166},
pmid = {32752591},
issn = {2233-4521},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is inflicting a brutal blow on humankind, and no corner of the world has been exempted from its wrath. This study analyzes the chief control measures and the distinctive features of the responses implemented by Korea and the United States to contain COVID-19 with the goal of extracting lessons that can be applied globally. Even though both nations reported their index cases on the same day, Korea succeeded in flattening the curve, with 10 752 cases as of April 28, 2020, whereas the outbreak skyrocketed in the United States, which had more than 1 million cases at the same time. The prudent and timely execution of control strategies enabled Korea to tame the spread of the virus, whereas the United States paid a major price for its delay, although it is too early to render a conclusive verdict. Information pertaining to the number of people infected with the virus and measures instituted by the government to control the spread of COVID-19 was retrieved from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention websites and press releases. Drawing lessons from both nations, it is evident that the resolution to the COVID-19 pandemic lies in the prudent usage of available resources, proactive strategic planning, public participation, transparency in information sharing, abiding by the regulations that are put into place, and how well the plan of action is implemented.},
}
@article {pmid32752590,
year = {2020},
author = {Hawkins, D},
title = {Social Determinants of COVID-19 in Massachusetts, United States: An Ecological Study.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {220-227},
doi = {10.3961/jpmph.20.256},
pmid = {32752590},
issn = {2233-4521},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess how different social determinants of health (SDoH) may be related to variability in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rates in cities and towns in Massachusetts (MA).<br><br>METHODS: Data about the total number of cases, tests, and rates of COVID-19 as of June 10, 2020 were obtained for cities and towns in MA. The data on COVID-19 were matched with data on various SDoH variables at the city and town level from the American Community Survey. These variables included information about income, poverty, employment, renting, and insurance coverage. We compared COVID-19 rates according to these SDoH variables.<br><br>RESULTS: There were clear gradients in the rates of COVID-19 according to SDoH variables. Communities with more poverty, lower income, lower insurance coverage, more unemployment, and a higher percentage of the workforce employed in essential services, including healthcare, had higher rates of COVID-19. Most of these differences were not accounted for by different rates of testing in these cities and towns.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SDoH variables may explain some of the variability in the risk of COVID-19 across cities and towns in MA. Data about SDoH should be part of the standard surveillance for COVID-19. Efforts should be made to address social factors that may be putting communities at an elevated risk.},
}
@article {pmid32752589,
year = {2020},
author = {Hernández-Vásquez, A and Azañedo, D and Vargas-Fernández, R and Bendezu-Quispe, G},
title = {Association of Comorbidities With Pneumonia and Death Among COVID-19 Patients in Mexico: A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.},
journal = {Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {211-219},
doi = {10.3961/jpmph.20.186},
pmid = {32752589},
issn = {2233-4521},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to identify chronic conditions and multimorbidity patterns in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to examine their associations with pneumonia and death.<br><br>METHODS: This cross-sectional study analyzed the official data of COVID-19 patients in Mexico through May 18, 2020 (released by the Secretaría de Salud de México). Adjusted logistic regression models were applied to assess the associations of comorbidities with pneumonia and death. The marginal effects were estimated, and the probability of pneumonia or death according to the number of comorbidities was graphed for each year of age.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 51 053 COVID-19 patients enrolled in the final analysis, 27 667 (54.2%) had no chronic conditions, while 13 652 (26.7%), 6518 (12.8%) and 3216 (6.3%) were reported to have 1, 2, and 3 or more simultaneous conditions, respectively. Overall, a significant incremental gradient was observed for the association between multimorbidity and pneumonia (p<0.001); for 2 chronic conditions, the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 2.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95 to 2.20), and for ≥3 conditions, the aOR was 2.40 (95% CI, 2.22 to 2.60). A significant incremental gradient was also found for the relationship between multimorbidity and death (p<0.001); an aOR of 2.51 (95% CI, 2.30 to 2.73) was found for 2 chronic conditions and an aOR of 3.49 (95% CI, 3.15 to 3.86) for ≥3 conditions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Underlying chronic conditions and multimorbidity are associated with pneumonia and death in Mexican COVID-19 patients. Future investigation is necessary to clarify the pathophysiological processes behind this association, given the high burden of chronic diseases in various countries, including Mexico.},
}
@article {pmid32752587,
year = {2020},
author = {Lekamwasam, R and Lekamwasam, S},
title = {Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health and Wellbeing of Older People: A Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Annals of geriatric medicine and research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4235/agmr.20.0027},
pmid = {32752587},
issn = {2508-4909},
abstract = {The pandemic is unavoidable; in addition to increased morbidity and mortality, they profoundly affect people and economies at every level. The negative effects of pandemics are more severe in marginalized populations such as older adults who have higher risks of acquiring infection, more disease-related complications, and increased risks of death. Furthermore, older people are affected by policy decisions and containment measures taken during pandemics. With rapid patient turnover and overwhelmed health care facilities, this older population may not receive proper medical care. In addition to poor clinical outcomes, such measures have profound negative effects on the mental health of older populations.},
}
@article {pmid32752560,
year = {2020},
author = {Alharthy, A and Faqihi, F and Karakitsos, D},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Complicated by Sinusitis and Co-Infection with Human Metapneumovirus.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {103},
number = {6},
pages = {23-24},
pmid = {32752560},
issn = {2327-2228},
abstract = {A previously healthy 25-year-old Asian male was admitted with acute respiratory failure due to COVID-19 pneumonia to our intensive care unit. He received empiric therapy and higher level of respiratory support via a high flow nasal cannula. Notably, human metapneumovirus was detected from the nasopharyngeal swab by RT-PCR. Six days post-ICU admission, sinusitis was clinically and sonographically detected. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in the fluid aspirated from the antrum. The patient has made an uneventful recovery. Further studies are required to investigate co-infections with SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.},
}
@article {pmid32752556,
year = {2020},
author = {Naganathan, S and Meehan-Coussee, K and Pasichow, S and Rybasack-Smith, H and Binder, W and Beaudoin, F and Musits, AN and Sutton, E and Petrone, G and Levine, AC and Suner, S},
title = {From Concerts to COVID: Transforming the RI Convention Center into an Alternate Hospital Site in under a Month.},
journal = {Rhode Island medical journal (2013)},
volume = {103},
number = {6},
pages = {8-13},
pmid = {32752556},
issn = {2327-2228},
abstract = {Field hospitals have long been used to extend health care capabilities in times of crisis. In response to the pandemic and an anticipated surge in patients, Rhode Island Gov. Gina Raimondo announced a plan to create three field hospitals, or &quot;alternate hospital sites&quot; (AHS), totaling 1,000 beds, in order to expand the state's hospital capacity. Following China's Fangcang shelter hospital model, the Lifespan AHS (LAHS) planning group attempted to identify existing public venues that could support rapid conversion to a site for large numbers of patients at a reasonable cost. After discussions with many stakeholders - pharmacy, laboratory, healthcare providers, security, emergency medical services, and infection control - design and equipment recommendations were given to the architects during daily teleconferencing and site visits. Specific patient criteria for the LAHS were established, staffing was prioritized, and clinical protocols were designed to facilitate care. Simulations using 4 different scenarios were practiced in order to assure proper patient care and flow, pharmacy utilization, and staffing.},
}
@article {pmid32752217,
year = {2020},
author = {Di Matteo, G and Spano, M and Grosso, M and Salvo, A and Ingallina, C and Russo, M and Ritieni, A and Mannina, L},
title = {Food and COVID-19: Preventive/Co-therapeutic Strategies Explored by Current Clinical Trials and in Silico Studies.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods9081036},
pmid = {32752217},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Foods, food ingredients, and their balanced consumption are recognized to have an important role in achieving or maintaining a state of wellbeing by acting as carriers of functional components and bioactive molecules. However, the potential contribution of foods to consumers' health has so far only been partially exploited. The rapidly evolving scenario of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is stimulating profound reflection on the relationships between food and the etiological agent, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, the status of knowledge regarding food as a possible defense/co-therapeutic strategy against the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus is considered through the discussion of two main current lines of research. One line of research relates to the role of micronutrients, food components, and diets in the strengthening of the immune system through clinical trials; formulations could be developed as immune system enhancers or as co-adjuvants in therapies. The other line of research relates to investigation of the chemical interactions that specific food compounds can have with host or virus targets so as to interfere with the viral infective cycle of SARS-CoV-2. This line requires, as a first step, an in silico evaluation to discover lead compounds, which may be further developed through drug-design studies, in vitro and in vivo tests, and, finally, clinical trials to obtain therapeutic molecules. All of these promising strategies promote the role of food in preventive/co-therapeutic strategies to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32752154,
year = {2020},
author = {Nicholson, M and Chan, N and Bhagirath, V and Ginsberg, J},
title = {Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism in 2020 and Beyond.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9082467},
pmid = {32752154},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most common cause of vascular mortality worldwide and comprises deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). In this review, we discuss how an understanding of VTE epidemiology and the results of thromboprophylaxis trials have shaped the current approach to VTE prevention. We will discuss modern thromboprophylaxis as it pertains to genetic risk factors, exogenous hormonal therapies, pregnancy, surgery, medical hospitalization, cancer, and what is known thus far about VTE in COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32752138,
year = {2020},
author = {Lee, AC and Chakladar, J and Li, WT and Chen, C and Chang, EY and Wang-Rodriguez, J and Ongkeko, WM},
title = {Tobacco, but Not Nicotine and Flavor-Less Electronic Cigarettes, Induces ACE2 and Immune Dysregulation.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms21155513},
pmid = {32752138},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {R00RG2369//Office of the President, University of California/ ; RG096651//Academic Senate, UCSD/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, overlaps with the ongoing epidemics of cigarette smoking and electronic cigarette (e-cig) vaping. However, there is scarce data relating COVID-19 risks and outcome with cigarette or e-cig use. In this study, we mined three independent RNA expression datasets from smokers and vapers to understand the potential relationship between vaping/smoking and the dysregulation of key genes and pathways related to COVID-19. We found that smoking, but not vaping, upregulates ACE2, the cellular receptor that SARS-CoV-2 requires for infection. Both smoking and use of nicotine and flavor-containing e-cigs led to upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and inflammasome-related genes. Specifically, chemokines including CCL20 and CXCL8 are upregulated in smokers, and CCL5 and CCR1 are upregulated in flavor/nicotine-containing e-cig users. We also found genes implicated in inflammasomes, such as CXCL1, CXCL2, NOD2, and ASC, to be upregulated in smokers and these e-cig users. Vaping flavor and nicotine-less e-cigs, however, did not lead to significant cytokine dysregulation and inflammasome activation. Release of inflammasome products, such as IL-1B, and cytokine storms are hallmarks of COVID-19 infection, especially in severe cases. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that smoking or vaping may critically exacerbate COVID-19-related inflammation or increase susceptibility to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32752129,
year = {2020},
author = {Nuche, J and Segura de la Cal, T and Jiménez López Guarch, C and López-Medrano, F and Delgado, CP and Ynsaurriaga, FA and Delgado, JF and Ibáñez, B and Oliver, E and Subías, PE},
title = {Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Pulmonary Circulation. The Particular Scenario of Precapillary Pulmonary Hypertension.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics10080548},
pmid = {32752129},
issn = {2075-4418},
abstract = {The Coronavirus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has supposed a global health emergency affecting millions of people, with particular severity in the elderly and patients with previous comorbidities, especially those with cardiovascular disease. Patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) could represent an especially vulnerable population because of the high mortality rates reported for respiratory infections. However, the number of COVID-19 cases reported among PAH and CTEPH patients is surprisingly low. Furthermore, the clinical picture that has been described in these patients is far from the severity that experts would expect. Endothelial dysfunction is a common feature between patients with PAH/CTEPH and COVID-19, leading to ventilation/perfusion mismatch, vasoconstriction, thrombosis and inflammation. In this picture, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays an essential role, being directly involved in the pathophysiology of both clinical entities. Some of these common characteristics could explain the good adaptation of PAH and CTEPH patients to COVID-19, who could also have obtained a benefit from the disease's specific treatments (anticoagulant and pulmonary vasodilators), probably due to its protective effect on the endothelium. Additionally, these common features could also lead to PAH/CTEPH as a potential sequelae of COVID-19. Throughout this comprehensive review, we describe the similarities and differences between both conditions and the possible pathophysiological and therapeutic-based mechanisms leading to the low incidence and severity of COVID-19 reported in PAH/CTEPH patients to date. Nevertheless, international registries should look carefully into this population for better understanding and management.},
}
@article {pmid32752123,
year = {2020},
author = {Lechien, JR and Ducarme, M and Place, S and Chiesa-Estomba, CM and Khalife, M and De Riu, G and Vaira, LA and de Terwangne, C and Machayekhi, S and Marchant, A and Journe, F and Saussez, S},
title = {Objective Olfactory Findings in Hospitalized Severe COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens9080627},
pmid = {32752123},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: We investigate the prevalence of the self-reported and objective sudden loss of smell (SLS) in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>METHODS: Severe COVID-19 patients with self-reported SLS were recruited at hospitalization discharge. Epidemiological and clinical data were collected. The Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22) was used to evaluate rhinological complaints. Subjective olfactory and gustatory functions were assessed with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHNES). Objective SLS was evaluated using psychophysical tests. Potential associations between olfactory evaluation and the clinical outcomes (duration of hospitalization; admission biology; one month serology (IgG), and chest computed tomography findings) were studied.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-seven patients completed the study (25 females). Subjectively, eighteen (38.3%) individuals self-reported subjective partial or total SLS. Among them, only three and four were anosmic and hyposmic, respectively (38.9%). Considering the objective evaluation in the entire cohort, the prevalence of SLS was 21.3%. Elderly patients and those with diabetes had lower objective olfactory evaluation results than young and non-diabetic individuals.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SLS in severe COVID-19 patients appears to be lower than previously estimated in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 forms. Future comparative studies are needed to explore the predictive value of SLS for COVID-19 severity.},
}
@article {pmid32752043,
year = {2020},
author = {Hussein, HA and Hassan, RYA and Chino, M and Febbraio, F},
title = {Point-of-Care Diagnostics of COVID-19: From Current Work to Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {20},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/s20154289},
pmid = {32752043},
issn = {1424-8220},
support = {Project ID: ASRT 7314 - COVID Emergency call//Egyptian Academy of Science, Research and Technology (ASRT, Cairo, Egypt)/ ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses have received global concern since 2003, when an outbreak caused by SARS-CoV emerged in China. Later on, in 2012, the Middle-East respiratory syndrome spread in Saudi Arabia, caused by MERS-CoV. Currently, the global crisis is caused by the pandemic SARS-CoV-2, which belongs to the same lineage of SARS-CoV. In response to the urgent need of diagnostic tools, several lab-based and biosensing techniques have been proposed so far. Five main areas have been individuated and discussed in terms of their strengths and weaknesses. The cell-culture detection and the microneutralization tests are still considered highly reliable methods. The genetic screening, featuring the well-established Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), represents the gold standard for virus detection in nasopharyngeal swabs. On the other side, immunoassays were developed, either by screening/antigen recognition of IgM/IgG or by detecting the whole virus, in blood and sera. Next, proteomic mass-spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies have also been proposed for the analysis of swab samples. Finally, virus-biosensing devices were efficiently designed. Both electrochemical immunosensors and eye-based technologies have been described, showing detection times lower than 10 min after swab introduction. Alternative to swab-based techniques, lateral flow point-of-care immunoassays are already commercially available for the analysis of blood samples. Such biosensing devices hold the advantage of being portable for on-site testing in hospitals, airports, and hotspots, virtually without any sample treatment or complicated lab precautions.},
}
@article {pmid32752010,
year = {2020},
author = {Soto, ME and Guarner-Lans, V and Soria-Castro, E and Manzano Pech, L and Pérez-Torres, I},
title = {Is Antioxidant Therapy a Useful Complementary Measure for Covid-19 Treatment? An Algorithm for Its Application.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {56},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/medicina56080386},
pmid = {32752010},
issn = {1648-9144},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the corona virus disease-19 which is accompanied by severe pneumonia, pulmonary alveolar collapses and which stops oxygen exchange. Viral transmissibility and pathogenesis depend on recognition by a receptor in the host, protease cleavage of the host membrane and fusion. SARS-CoV-2 binds to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor. Here, we discuss the general characteristics of the virus, its mechanism of action and the way in which the mechanism correlates with the comorbidities that increase the death rate. We also discuss the currently proposed therapeutic measures and propose the use of antioxidant drugs to help patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2. Oxidizing agents come from phagocytic leukocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages and eosinophils that invade tissue. Free radicals promote cytotoxicity thus injuring cells. They also trigger the mechanism of inflammation by mediating the activation of NFkB and inducing the transcription of cytokine production genes. Release of cytokines enhances the inflammatory response. Oxidative stress is elevated during critical illnesses and contributes to organ failure. In corona virus disease-19 there is an intense inflammatory response known as a cytokine storm that could be mediated by oxidative stress. Although antioxidant therapy has not been tested in corona virus disease-19, the consequences of antioxidant therapy in sepsis, acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury are known. It improves oxygenation rates, glutathione levels and strengthens the immune response. It reduces mechanical ventilation time, the length of stay in the intensive care unit, multiple organ dysfunctions and the length of stay in the hospital and mortality rates in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome and could thus help patients with corona virus disease-19.},
}
@article {pmid32751866,
year = {2020},
author = {de Las Heras-Pedrosa, C and Sánchez-Núñez, P and Peláez, JI},
title = {Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Understanding during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Spain and Its Impact on Digital Ecosystems.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155542},
pmid = {32751866},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {UMA18-FEDERJA-148//Universidad de Málaga/ ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 has changed our lives forever. The world we knew until now has been transformed and nowadays we live in a completely new scenario in a perpetual restructuring transition, in which the way we live, relate, and communicate with others has been altered permanently. Within this context, risk communication is playing a decisive role when informing, transmitting, and channeling the flow of information in society. COVID-19 has posed a real pandemic risk management challenge in terms of impact, preparedness, response, and mitigation by governments, health organizations, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), mass media, and stakeholders. In this study, we monitored the digital ecosystems during March and April 2020, and we obtained a sample of 106,261 communications through the analysis of APIs and Web Scraping techniques. This study examines how social media has affected risk communication in uncertain contexts and its impact on the emotions and sentiments derived from the semantic analysis in Spanish society during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32751853,
year = {2020},
author = {Matos, RADC and Akutsu, RCCA and Zandonadi, RP and Rocha, A and Botelho, RBA},
title = {Wellbeing at Work before and during the SARS-COV-2 Pandemic: A Brazilian Nationwide Study among Dietitians.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155541},
pmid = {32751853},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of dietitians' wellbeing at work before and during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic in Brazil. This cross-sectional study was performed using a previously validated instrument to investigate the wellbeing of dietitians at work in Brazil. The questionnaire on the wellbeing of dietitians was composed of 25 items (with a 5-point scale), characteristics, and questions about the SARS-COV-2 period. The application was carried out with GoogleForms® tool from 26 May to 7 June 2020. The weblink to access the research was sent via email, messaging apps, and social networks. Volunteers were recruited nationwide with the help of the Brazilian Dietitians Councils, support groups, as well as media outreach to reach as many dietitians as possible. Volunteers received, along with the research link, the invitation to participate, as well as the consent form. A representative sample of 1359 dietitians from all the Brazilian regions answered the questionnaire-mostly female (92.5%), Catholic (52.9%), from 25 to 39 years old (58.4%), with a partner (63.8%), and with no children (58%). Most of the participants continue working during the pandemic period (83.8%), but they did not have SARS-COV-2 (96%), nor did their family members (80.7%). The wellbeing at work before SARS-COV-2 was 3.88 ± 0.71, statistically different (p < 0.05) from during the pandemic, with the wellbeing of 3.71 ± 0.78. Wellbeing at work was higher before the pandemic for all the analyzed variables. Analyzing variables separately before and during the pandemic, dietitians with partners, children and a Ph.D. presented higher scores for wellbeing at work. Professionals receiving more than five times the minimum wage have higher scores. During the pandemic, better wellbeing was observed for dietitians working remotely.},
}
@article {pmid32751841,
year = {2020},
author = {Pennisi, M and Lanza, G and Falzone, L and Fisicaro, F and Ferri, R and Bella, R},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 and the Nervous System: From Clinical Features to Molecular Mechanisms.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms21155475},
pmid = {32751841},
issn = {1422-0067},
abstract = {Increasing evidence suggests that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can also invade the central nervous system (CNS). However, findings available on its neurological manifestations and their pathogenic mechanisms have not yet been systematically addressed. A literature search on neurological complications reported in patients with COVID-19 until June 2020 produced a total of 23 studies. Overall, these papers report that patients may exhibit a wide range of neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, encephalitis, seizures, cerebrovascular events, acute polyneuropathy, headache, hypogeusia, and hyposmia, as well as some non-specific symptoms. Whether these features can be an indirect and unspecific consequence of the pulmonary disease or a generalized inflammatory state on the CNS remains to be determined; also, they may rather reflect direct SARS-CoV-2-related neuronal damage. Hematogenous versus transsynaptic propagation, the role of the angiotensin II converting enzyme receptor-2, the spread across the blood-brain barrier, the impact of the hyperimmune response (the so-called &quot;cytokine storm&quot;), and the possibility of virus persistence within some CNS resident cells are still debated. The different levels and severity of neurotropism and neurovirulence in patients with COVID-19 might be explained by a combination of viral and host factors and by their interaction.},
}
@article {pmid32751804,
year = {2020},
author = {Sade, S and Sheiner, E and Wainstock, T and Hermon, N and Yaniv Salem, S and Kosef, T and Lanxner Battat, T and Oron, S and Pariente, G},
title = {Risk for Depressive Symptoms among Hospitalized Women in High-Risk Pregnancy Units during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9082449},
pmid = {32751804},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Higher rates of mental disorders, specifically depression, were found among affected people in previous epidemiological studies taken after disasters. The aim of the current study was to assess risk for depression among pregnant women hospitalized during the &quot;coronavirus disease 2019&quot; (COVID-19) pandemic, as compared to women hospitalized before the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was performed among women hospitalized in the high-risk pregnancy units of the Soroka University Medical Center (SUMC). All participating women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and the results were compared between women hospitalized during the COVID-19 strict isolation period (19 March 2020 and 26 May 2020) and women hospitalized before the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to control for potential confounders.<br><br>RESULTS: Women hospitalized during the COVID-19 strict isolation period (n = 84) had a comparable risk of having a high (>10) EPDS score as compared to women hospitalized before the COVID-19 pandemic (n = 279; 25.0% vs. 29.0%, p = 0.498). These results remained similar in the multivariable logistic regression model, while controlling for maternal age, ethnicity and known mood disorder (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.0, 95% CI 0.52-1.93, p = 0.985).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Women hospitalized at the high-risk pregnancy unit during the COVID-19 strict isolation period were not at increased risk for depression, as compared to women hospitalized before the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32751749,
year = {2020},
author = {Mlejnkova, H and Sovova, K and Vasickova, P and Ocenaskova, V and Jasikova, L and Juranova, E},
title = {Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155508},
pmid = {32751749},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {3600.52.33/2020//T. G. Masaryk Water Research Instite, public research institution/ ; CZ.07.1.02 / 0.0 / 0.0 / 16_040 / 0000378//The City of Prague/ ; MZE-RO0518//Ministry of Agriculture of the Czech Republic/ ; },
abstract = {The virus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may be present in the stools of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Samples of untreated wastewater were collected from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of different sizes within the Czech Republic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater and viral RNA was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 11.6% of samples and more than 27.3% of WWTPs; in some of them, SARS-CoV-2 was detected repeatedly. Our preliminary results indicate that an epidemiology approach that focuses on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater could be suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the population.},
}
@article {pmid32751741,
year = {2020},
author = {McLaughlin, KM and Bechtel, M and Bojkova, D and Münch, C and Ciesek, S and Wass, MN and Michaelis, M and Cinatl, J},
title = {COVID-19-Related Coagulopathy-Is Transferrin a Missing Link?.},
journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/diagnostics10080539},
pmid = {32751741},
issn = {2075-4418},
support = {n/a//Hilfe für krebskranke Kinder Frankfurt e.V./ ; n/a//Frankfurter Stiftung für krebskranke Kinder/ ; },
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 disease has been associated with disseminated intravascular coagulation and thrombosis, but the mechanisms underlying COVID-19-related coagulopathy remain unknown. The risk of severe COVID-19 disease is higher in males than in females and increases with age. To identify gene products that may contribute to COVID-19-related coagulopathy, we analyzed the expression of genes associated with the Gene Ontology (GO) term &quot;blood coagulation&quot; in the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) database and identified four procoagulants, whose expression is higher in males and increases with age (ADAMTS13, F11, HGFAC, KLKB1), and two anticoagulants, whose expression is higher in females and decreases with age (C1QTNF1, SERPINA5). However, the expression of none of these genes was regulated in a proteomics dataset of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and none of the proteins have been identified as a binding partner of SARS-CoV-2 proteins. Hence, they may rather generally predispose individuals to thrombosis without directly contributing to COVID-19-related coagulopathy. In contrast, the expression of the procoagulant transferrin (not associated to the GO term &quot;blood coagulation&quot;) was higher in males, increased with age, and was upregulated upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hence, transferrin warrants further examination in ongoing clinic-pathological investigations.},
}
@article {pmid32751721,
year = {2020},
author = {Ruíz-Roso, MB and de Carvalho Padilha, P and Matilla-Escalante, DC and Brun, P and Ulloa, N and Acevedo-Correa, D and Arantes Ferreira Peres, W and Martorell, M and Rangel Bousquet Carrilho, T and de Oliveira Cardoso, L and Carrasco-Marín, F and Paternina-Sierra, K and Lopez de Las Hazas, MC and Rodriguez-Meza, JE and Villalba-Montero, LF and Bernabè, G and Pauletto, A and Taci, X and Cárcamo-Regla, R and Martínez, JA and Dávalos, A},
title = {Changes of Physical Activity and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in Adolescents from Different Countries during Covid-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu12082289},
pmid = {32751721},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {AIM: to describe physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption, their changes and sociodemographic predictors among adolescents from countries in Europe (Italy and Spain) and Latin America (Brazil, Chile, and Colombia) during the SARS-CoV-2-pandemic period.<br><br>METHODS: Cross-sectional study via web survey. International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and weekly ultra-processed food consumption data were used. To compare the frequencies of physical activity status with sociodemographic variables, a multinomial logistic and a multiple logistic regression for habitual ultra-processed foods was performed. In final models, p < 0.05 was considered significant.<br><br>RESULTS: Sample of 726 adolescents, mostly females (59.6%) aged 16-19 years old (54.3%). Adolescents from Latin America presented odds ratio (OR) 2.98 (CI 95% 1.80-4.94) of being inactive and those whose mothers had higher level of education were less active during lockdown [OR 0.40 (CI 95% 0.20-0.84)]. The habitual ultra-processed consumption was also high during this period in all countries, and more prevalent in Latin America.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A higher prevalence of inactivity was observed in this population, but reductions of physical activity and habitual ultra-processed consumption during the pandemic were more pronounced in Latin America. Our findings reinforce the importance of promoting a healthy lifestyle, i.e., exercise and diet, during periods of social isolation.},
}
@article {pmid32751669,
year = {2020},
author = {Gill, BS and Jayaraj, VJ and Singh, S and Mohd Ghazali, S and Cheong, YL and Md Iderus, NH and Sundram, BM and Aris, TB and Mohd Ibrahim, H and Hong, BH and Labadin, J},
title = {Modelling the Effectiveness of Epidemic Control Measures in Preventing the Transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155509},
pmid = {32751669},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Malaysia is currently facing an outbreak of COVID-19. We aim to present the first study in Malaysia to report the reproduction numbers and develop a mathematical model forecasting COVID-19 transmission by including isolation, quarantine, and movement control measures. We utilized a susceptible, exposed, infectious, and recovered (SEIR) model by incorporating isolation, quarantine, and movement control order (MCO) taken in Malaysia. The simulations were fitted into the Malaysian COVID-19 active case numbers, allowing approximation of parameters consisting of probability of transmission per contact (β), average number of contacts per day per case (ζ), and proportion of close-contact traced per day (q). The effective reproduction number (Rt) was also determined through this model. Our model calibration estimated that (β), (ζ), and (q) were 0.052, 25 persons, and 0.23, respectively. The (Rt) was estimated to be 1.68. MCO measures reduce the peak number of active COVID-19 cases by 99.1% and reduce (ζ) from 25 (pre-MCO) to 7 (during MCO). The flattening of the epidemic curve was also observed with the implementation of these control measures. We conclude that isolation, quarantine, and MCO measures are essential to break the transmission of COVID-19 in Malaysia.},
}
@article {pmid32751660,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramos-Morcillo, AJ and Leal-Costa, C and Moral-García, JE and Ruzafa-Martínez, M},
title = {Experiences of Nursing Students during the Abrupt Change from Face-to-Face to e-Learning Education during the First Month of Confinement Due to COVID-19 in Spain.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155519},
pmid = {32751660},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The current state of alarm due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to the urgent change in the education of nursing students from traditional to distance learning. The objective of this study was to discover the learning experiences and the expectations about the changes in education, in light of the abrupt change from face-to-face to e-learning education, of nursing students enrolled in the Bachelor's and Master's degree of two public Spanish universities during the first month of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative study was conducted during the first month of the state of alarm in Spain (from 25 March-20 April 2020). Semi-structured interviews were given to students enrolled in every academic year of the Nursing Degree, and nurses who were enrolled in the Master's programs at two public universities. A maximum variation sampling was performed, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted. The study was reported according with COREQ checklist. Thirty-two students aged from 18 to 50 years old participated in the study. The interviews lasted from 17 to 51 min. Six major themes were defined: (1) practicing care; (2) uncertainty; (3) time; (4) teaching methodologies; (5) context of confinement and added difficulties; (6) face-to-face win. The imposition of e-learning sets limitations for older students, those who live in rural areas, with work and family responsibilities and with limited electronic resources. Online education goes beyond a continuation of the face-to-face classes. Work should be done about this for the next academic year as we face an uncertain future in the short-term control of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32751633,
year = {2020},
author = {Alcendor, DJ},
title = {Racial Disparities-Associated COVID-19 Mortality among Minority Populations in the US.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9082442},
pmid = {32751633},
issn = {2077-0383},
support = {U54MD007586-01/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a betacoronavirus that causes the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly transmissible and pathogenic for humans and may cause life-threatening disease and mortality, especially in individuals with underlying comorbidities. First identified in an outbreak in Wuhan, China, COVID-19 is affecting more than 185 countries and territories around the world, with more than 15,754,651 confirmed cases and more than 640,029 deaths. Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 transmission has become a global threat, which includes confirmed cases in all 50 states within the United States (US). As of 25 July 2020, the Johns Hopkins Whiting School of Engineering Center for Systems Science and Engineering reports more than 4,112,651 cases and 145,546 deaths. To date, health disparities are associated with COVID-19 mortality among underserved populations. Here, the author explores potential underlying reasons for reported disproportionate, increased risks of mortality among African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos with COVID-19 compared with non-Hispanic Whites. The author examines the underlying clinical implications that may predispose minority populations and the adverse clinical outcomes that may contribute to increased risk of mortality. Government and community-based strategies to safeguard minority populations at risk for increased morbidity and mortality are essential. Underserved populations living in poverty with limited access to social services across the US are more likely to have underlying medical conditions and are among the most vulnerable. Societal and cultural barriers for ethnic minorities to achieve health equity are systemic issues that may be addressed only through shifts in governmental policies, producing long-overdue, substantive changes to end health care inequities.},
}
@article {pmid32751624,
year = {2020},
author = {Luceño-Moreno, L and Talavera-Velasco, B and García-Albuerne, Y and Martín-García, J},
title = {Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Levels of Resilience and Burnout in Spanish Health Personnel during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155514},
pmid = {32751624},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The number of health workers infected with COVID-19 in Spain is one of the highest in the world. The aim of this study is to analyse posttraumatic stress, anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Associations between burnout, resilience, demographic, work and COVID-19 variables are analysed. Cross-sectional data on 1422 health workers were analysed. A total of 56.6% of health workers present symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, 58.6% anxiety disorder, 46% depressive disorder and 41.1% feel emotionally drained. The profile of a health worker with greater posttraumatic stress symptoms would be a person who works in the Autonomous Community of Madrid, in a hospital, is a woman, is concerned that a person he/she lives with may be infected, and thinks that he/she is very likely to be infected. The risk variables for anxiety and depression would be a person that is a woman, working 12- or 24-h shifts, and being worried that a family member could be infected. High scores on emotional exhaustion and depersonalization are risk factors for mental health, with resilience and personal fulfilment being protective variables. Data are provided to improve preventive measures for occupational health workers.},
}
@article {pmid32751615,
year = {2020},
author = {Napoli, PE and Mangoni, L and Gentile, P and Braghiroli, M and Fossarello, M},
title = {A Panel of Broad-Spectrum Antivirals in Topical Ophthalmic Medications from the Drug Repurposing Approach during and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Era.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9082441},
pmid = {32751615},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a global concern of public health caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Its clinical manifestations are characterized by a heterogeneous group of symptoms and pictures (ranging from asymptomatic to lethal courses). The prevalence of conjunctivitis in patients with COVID-19 is at present controversial. Although it has been reported that only 0.9% developed signs of conjunctivitis, other report indicates that up to 31.6% of hospitalized patients had conjunctivitis. Considering the widespread use of topical ophthalmic medications (e.g., eye drops) by the general population, for various reasons (e.g., artificial tears, anti-glaucoma medications, topical antibiotics, etc.), the existence of their side effects as antiviral action should be investigated in-depth because it could possibly explain the aforementioned controversial data and represent a potential antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 replication/diffusion on the ocular surface. Here, we discuss and elucidate the antiviral side effect of many eye drops and ophthalmic ointments commonly used for others purposes, thus showing that these secondary effects (not to be confused with the 'adverse effects') might be of primary importance in a number of viral infections (e.g., those for which there is no validated treatment protocol), according to a drug repurposing approach. Some active ingredients or excipients described here have activity against other types of viruses, thus suggesting potential broad-spectrum applications.},
}
@article {pmid32751609,
year = {2020},
author = {Ilie, OD and Cojocariu, RO and Ciobica, A and Timofte, SI and Mavroudis, I and Doroftei, B},
title = {Forecasting the Spreading of COVID-19 across Nine Countries from Europe, Asia, and the American Continents Using the ARIMA Models.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms8081158},
pmid = {32751609},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2016-1210//UEFISCDI/ ; },
abstract = {Since mid-November 2019, when the first SARS-CoV-2-infected patient was officially reported, the new coronavirus has affected over 10 million people from which half a million died during this short period. There is an urgent need to monitor, predict, and restrict COVID-19 in a more efficient manner. This is why Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models have been developed and used to predict the epidemiological trend of COVID-19 in Ukraine, Romania, the Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, USA, Brazil, and India, these last three countries being otherwise the most affected presently. To increase accuracy, the daily prevalence data of COVID-19 from 10 March 2020 to 10 July 2020 were collected from the official website of the Romanian Government GOV.RO, World Health Organization (WHO), and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) websites. Several ARIMA models were formulated with different ARIMA parameters. ARIMA (1, 1, 0), ARIMA (3, 2, 2), ARIMA (3, 2, 2), ARIMA (3, 1, 1), ARIMA (1, 0, 3), ARIMA (1, 2, 0), ARIMA (1, 1, 0), ARIMA (0, 2, 1), and ARIMA (0, 2, 0) models were chosen as the best models, depending on their lowest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) values for Ukraine, Romania, the Republic of Moldova, Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, USA, Brazil, and India (4.70244, 1.40016, 2.76751, 2.16733, 2.98154, 2.11239, 3.21569, 4.10596, 2.78051). This study demonstrates that ARIMA models are suitable for making predictions during the current crisis and offers an idea of the epidemiological stage of these regions.},
}
@article {pmid32751484,
year = {2020},
author = {Okan, O and Bollweg, TM and Berens, EM and Hurrelmann, K and Bauer, U and Schaeffer, D},
title = {Coronavirus-Related Health Literacy: A Cross-Sectional Study in Adults during the COVID-19 Infodemic in Germany.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155503},
pmid = {32751484},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {01EL1824A//Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung/ ; },
abstract = {There is an &quot;infodemic&quot; associated with the COVID-19 pandemic-an overabundance of valid and invalid information. Health literacy is the ability to access, understand, appraise, and apply health information, making it crucial for navigating coronavirus and COVID-19 information environments. A cross-sectional representative study of participants ≥ 16 years in Germany was conducted using an online survey. A coronavirus-related health literacy measure was developed (HLS-COVID-Q22). Internal consistency was very high (α = 0.940; ρ = 0.891) and construct validity suggests a sufficient model fit, making HLS-COVID-Q22 a feasible tool for assessing coronavirus-related health literacy in population surveys. While 49.9% of our sample had sufficient levels of coronavirus-related health literacy, 50.1% had &quot;problematic&quot; (15.2%) or &quot;inadequate&quot; (34.9%) levels. Although the overall level of health literacy is high, a vast number of participants report difficulties dealing with coronavirus and COVID-19 information. The participants felt well informed about coronavirus, but 47.8% reported having difficulties judging whether they could trust media information on COVID-19. Confusion about coronavirus information was significantly higher among those who had lower health literacy. This calls for targeted public information campaigns and promotion of population-based health literacy for better navigation of information environments during the infodemic, identification of disinformation, and decision-making based on reliable and trustworthy information.},
}
@article {pmid32751459,
year = {2020},
author = {Dai, H and Zhang, SX and Looi, KH and Su, R and Li, J},
title = {Perception of Health Conditions and Test Availability as Predictors of Adults' Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Survey Study of Adults in Malaysia.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155498},
pmid = {32751459},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {2020Z02TUU//Tsinghua University/ ; },
abstract = {Research identifying adults' mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic relies solely on demographic predictors without examining adults' health condition as a potential predictor. This study aims to examine individuals' perception of health conditions and test availability as potential predictors of mental health-insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress-during the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey of 669 adults in Malaysia was conducted during 2-8 May 2020, six weeks after the Movement Control Order (MCO) was issued. We found adults' perception of health conditions had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with insomnia, anxiety, depression, and distress. Perceived test availability for COVID-19 also had curvilinear relationships (horizontally reversed J-shaped) with anxiety and depression. Younger adults reported worse mental health, but people from various religions and ethnic groups did not differ significantly in reported mental health. The results indicated that adults with worse health conditions had more mental health problems, and the worse degree deepened for unhealthy people. Perceived test availability negatively predicted anxiety and depression, especially for adults perceiving COVID-19 test unavailability. The significant predictions of perceived health condition and perceived COVID-19 test availability suggest a new direction for the literature to identify the psychiatric risk factors directly from health-related variables during a pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32751400,
year = {2020},
author = {Bellmann-Weiler, R and Lanser, L and Barket, R and Rangger, L and Schapfl, A and Schaber, M and Fritsche, G and Wöll, E and Weiss, G},
title = {Prevalence and Predictive Value of Anemia and Dysregulated Iron Homeostasis in Patients with COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jcm9082429},
pmid = {32751400},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Infections with SARS-CoV-2 can result in severe clinical manifestations. As such patients present with systemic inflammation, we studied the prevalence and predictive value of anemia of inflammation (AI) or functional iron deficiency (FID), originating from immune-mediated alterations of iron homeostasis. Within this retrospective analysis of 259 hospitalized patients with COVID-19, we found that, upon admission, 24.7% were anemic, with the majority suffering from AI (68.8%). Anemia was associated with a significantly higher in-hospital mortality (OR 3.729 (95%CI 1.739-7.995), p = 0.001) but not an increased frequency of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or need for mechanical ventilation. FID was present in 80.0% of patients upon admission, linked to more advanced inflammation and associated with significantly longer hospital stay. Notably, a ferritin/transferrin ratio > 10 predicted a five-fold higher risk of ICU admission and an eight-fold higher risk of the need for mechanical ventilation. Anemia and alterations of iron homeostasis are highly prevalent in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Iron metabolism biomarkers and hemoglobin can contribute to risk stratification of patients, as initial anemia is associated with increased mortality, whereas alterations of iron homeostasis with a higher ferritin/transferrin ratio reflect more advanced inflammation and predicts subsequent insufficient pulmonary oxygenation with the need for ICU admission and mechanical ventilation.},
}
@article {pmid32751368,
year = {2020},
author = {Butu, A and Brumă, IS and Tanasă, L and Rodino, S and Dinu Vasiliu, C and Doboș, S and Butu, M},
title = {The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155485},
pmid = {32751368},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {22PFE/2018 and NUCLEU 25N-104/2019//Ministry of Education and Research, ROMANIA/ ; },
abstract = {The present paper intends to address the impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of Suceava. The study relies on the interpretation of answers received from the quarantined area (N = 257) to a questionnaire applied online nationwide. The starting point of this paper is the analysis of the sociodemographic factors on the purchasing decision of fresh vegetables directly from local producers before declaring the state of emergency in Romania (16 March 2020). Further research has been conducted by interpreting the changes triggered by the COVID-19 crisis on the purchasing intention of such products before and after the end of the respective crisis. The aim of this scientific investigation relies on identifying the methods by which these behavioral changes can influence the digital transformation of short food supply chains.},
}
@article {pmid32751311,
year = {2020},
author = {Kodera, S and Rashed, EA and Hirata, A},
title = {Correlation between COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality Rates in Japan and Local Population Density, Temperature, and Absolute Humidity.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155477},
pmid = {32751311},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {This study analyzed the morbidity and mortality rates of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic in different prefectures of Japan. Under the constraint that daily maximum confirmed deaths and daily maximum cases should exceed 4 and 10, respectively, 14 prefectures were included, and cofactors affecting the morbidity and mortality rates were evaluated. In particular, the number of confirmed deaths was assessed, excluding cases of nosocomial infections and nursing home patients. The correlations between the morbidity and mortality rates and population density were statistically significant (p-value < 0.05). In addition, the percentage of elderly population was also found to be non-negligible. Among weather parameters, the maximum temperature and absolute humidity averaged over the duration were found to be in modest correlation with the morbidity and mortality rates. Lower morbidity and mortality rates were observed for higher temperature and absolute humidity. Multivariate linear regression considering these factors showed that the adjusted determination coefficient for the confirmed cases was 0.693 in terms of population density, elderly percentage, and maximum absolute humidity (p-value < 0.01). These findings could be useful for intervention planning during future pandemics, including a potential second COVID-19 outbreak.},
}
@article {pmid32751260,
year = {2020},
author = {O'Dowd, K and Nair, KM and Forouzandeh, P and Mathew, S and Grant, J and Moran, R and Bartlett, J and Bird, J and Pillai, SC},
title = {Face Masks and Respirators in the Fight against the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Current Materials, Advances and Future Perspectives.},
journal = {Materials (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ma13153363},
pmid = {32751260},
issn = {1996-1944},
abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread rapidly across the globe, greatly affecting how humans as a whole interact, work and go about their daily life. One of the key pieces of personal protective equipment (PPE) that is being utilised to return to the norm is the face mask or respirator. In this review we aim to examine face masks and respirators, looking at the current materials in use and possible future innovations that will enhance their protection against SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies concluded that cotton, natural silk and chiffon could provide above 50% efficiency. In addition, it was found that cotton quilt with a highly tangled fibrous nature provides efficient filtration in the small particle size range. Novel designs by employing various filter materials such as nanofibres, silver nanoparticles, and nano-webs on the filter surfaces to induce antimicrobial properties are also discussed in detail. Modification of N95/N99 masks to provide additional filtration of air and to deactivate the pathogens using various technologies such as low- temperature plasma is reviewed. Legislative guidelines for selecting and wearing facial protection are also discussed. The feasibility of reusing these masks will be examined as well as a discussion on the modelling of mask use and the impact wearing them can have. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models and its applications to minimise or prevent the spread of the virus using face masks and respirators is also addressed. It is concluded that a significant amount of research is required for the development of highly efficient, reusable, anti-viral and thermally regulated face masks and respirators.},
}
@article {pmid32751194,
year = {2020},
author = {Shirvani, E and Samal, SK},
title = {Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine Vector for SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {9},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/pathogens9080619},
pmid = {32751194},
issn = {2076-0817},
abstract = {The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in more than 16 million infections and more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. There is an urgent need to develop a safe and effective vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Currently, several strategies are being pursued to develop a safe and effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. However, each vaccine strategy has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, it is important to evaluate multiple vaccine platforms to select the most efficient vaccine platform for SARS-CoV-2. In this regard, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian virus, has several well-suited properties for development of a vector vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we elaborate on the idea of considering NDV as a vaccine vector for SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid32751106,
year = {2020},
author = {Chow, FW and Chan, TT and Tam, AR and Zhao, S and Yao, W and Fung, J and Cheng, FK and Lo, GC and Chu, S and Aw-Yong, KL and Tang, JY and Tsang, CC and Luk, HK and Wong, AC and Li, KS and Zhu, L and He, Z and Tam, EWT and Chung, TW and Wong, SCY and Que, TL and Fung, KS and Lung, DC and Wu, AK and Hung, IF and Woo, PC and Lau, SK},
title = {A Rapid, Simple, Inexpensive, and Mobile Colorimetric Assay COVID-19-LAMP for Mass On-Site Screening of COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {21},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms21155380},
pmid = {32751106},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {T11-707/15-R//The University Grant Committee/ ; N/A//The University Development Fund of the University of Hong Kong/ ; N/A//Hong Kong Government Consultancy Service/ ; N/A//Innovation and Technology Fund and Health and Medical Research Fund/ ; },
abstract = {To control the COVID-19 pandemic and prevent its resurgence in areas preparing for a return of economic activities, a method for a rapid, simple, and inexpensive point-of-care diagnosis and mass screening is urgently needed. We developed and evaluated a one-step colorimetric reverse-transcriptional loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (COVID-19-LAMP) for detection of SARS-CoV-2, using SARS-CoV-2 isolate and respiratory samples from patients with COVID-19 (n = 223) and other respiratory virus infections (n = 143). The assay involves simple equipment and techniques and low cost, without the need for expensive qPCR machines, and the result, indicated by color change, is easily interpreted by naked eyes. COVID-19-LAMP can detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA with detection limit of 42 copies/reaction. Of 223 respiratory samples positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR, 212 and 219 were positive by COVID-19-LAMP at 60 and 90 min (sensitivities of 95.07% and 98.21%) respectively, with the highest sensitivities among nasopharyngeal swabs (96.88% and 98.96%), compared to sputum/deep throat saliva samples (94.03% and 97.02%), and throat swab samples (93.33% and 98.33%). None of the 143 samples with other respiratory viruses were positive by COVID-19-LAMP, showing 100% specificity. Samples with higher viral load showed shorter detection time, some as early as 30 min. This inexpensive, highly sensitive and specific COVID-19-LAMP assay can be useful for rapid deployment as mobile diagnostic units to resource-limiting areas for point-of-care diagnosis, and for unlimited high-throughput mass screening at borders to reduce cross-regional transmission.},
}
@article {pmid32750974,
year = {2020},
author = {Hosseini, E and Ghafoor, K and Sadiq, A and Guizani, M and Emrouznejad, A},
title = {COVID-19 Optimizer Algorithm, Modeling and Controlling of Coronavirus Distribution Process.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3012487},
pmid = {32750974},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {The emergence of novel COVID-19 causing an overload on public health sector and a high fatality rate. The key priority is to contain the epidemic and prevent the infection rate.It is imperative to stress on ensuring extreme social distancing of the entire population and hence slowing down the epidemic spread. Further, there is a need for an efficient optimizer algorithm that can solve NP-hard in addition to applied optimization problems.This paper first proposes a novel COVID19 optimizer Algorithm (CVA) to cover almost all feasible regions of the optimization problems. We also simulate the coronavirus distribution process in several countries around the globe. Then, we model a coronavirus distribution process as an optimization problem to minimize the number of COVID-19 infected countries and henceslow down the epidemic spread.Furthermore, we propose three scenarios to solve the optimization problem using most effective factors in the distribution process. Simulation results show one of the controlling scenarios outperform the others.Extensive simulations using several optimization problems show that the CVA technique performs best with up to 15%, 37%, 53% and 59% increase compared with Volcano Eruption Algorithm (VEA), Gray Wolf Optimizer (GWO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithm (GA), respectively.},
}
@article {pmid32750973,
year = {2020},
author = {Bridge, J and Meng, Y and Zhao, Y and Du, Y and Zhao, M and Sun, R and Zheng, Y},
title = {Introducing the GEV Activation Function for Highly Unbalanced Data to Develop COVID-19 Diagnostic Models.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3012383},
pmid = {32750973},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {Fast and accurate diagnosis is essential for the efficient and effective control of the COVID-19 pandemic that is currently disrupting the whole world. Despite the prevalence of the COVID-19 outbreak, relatively few diagnostic images are openly available to develop automatic diagnosis algorithms. Traditional deep learning methods often struggle when data is highly unbalanced with many cases in one class and only a few cases in another; new methods must be developed to overcome this challenge. We propose a novel activation function based on the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution from extreme value theory, which improves performance over the traditional sigmoid activation function when one class significantly outweighs the other. We demonstrate the proposed activation function on a publicly available dataset and externally validate on a dataset consisting of 1,909 healthy chest X-rays and 84 COVID-19 X-rays. The proposed method achieves an improved area under the receiver operating characteristic (DeLong's p-value < 0.05) compared to the sigmoid activation. Our method is also demonstrated on a dataset of healthy and pneumonia vs. COVID-19 X-rays and a set of computerized tomography images, achieving improved sensitivity. The proposed GEV activation function significantly improves upon the previously used sigmoid activation for binary classification. This new paradigm is expected to play a significant role in the fight against COVID-19 and other diseases, with relatively few training cases available.},
}
@article {pmid32750960,
year = {2020},
author = {Ye, Y and Hou, S and Fan, Y and Zhang, Y and Qian, Y and Sun, S and Peng, Q and Ju, M and Song, W and Loparo, K},
title = {α-Satellite: An AI-driven System and Benchmark Datasets for Dynamic COVID-19 Risk Assessment in the United States.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3009314},
pmid = {32750960},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {The fast evolving and deadly outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has posed grand challenges to human society. To slow the spread of virus infections and better respond for community mitigation, by advancing capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) and leveraging the large-scale and up-to-date data generated from heterogeneous sources (e.g., disease related data, demographic, mobility and social media data), in this work, we propose and develop an AI-driven system (named α-Satellite), as an initial offering, to provide dynamic COVID-19 risk assessment in the United States. More specifically, given a point of interest (POI), the system will automatically provide risk indices associated with it in a hierarchical manner (e.g., state, county, POI) to enable people to select appropriate actions for protection while minimizing disruptions to daily life. To comprehensively evaluate our system for dynamic COVID-19 risk assessment, we first conduct a set of empirical studies; and then we validate it based on a real-world dataset consisting of 5,060 annotated POIs, which achieves the area of under curve (AUC) of 0.9202. As of June 18, 2020, α-Satellite has had 56,980 users. Based on the feedback from its large-scale users, we perform further analysis and have three key findings: i) people from more severe regions (i.e., with larger numbers of COVID-19 cases) have stronger interests using our system to assist with actionable information; ii) users are more concerned about their nearby areas in terms of COVID-19 risks; iii) the user feedback about their perceptions towards COVID-19 risks of their query POIs indicates the challenge of public concerns about the safety versus its negative effects on society and the economy. Our system and generated datasets have been made publicly accessible via our website1.},
}
@article {pmid32750959,
year = {2020},
author = {Di Giamberardino, P and Iacoviello, D and Papa, F and Sinisgalli, C},
title = {Dynamical evolution of COVID-19 in Italy with an evaluation of the size of the asymptomatic infective population.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3009038},
pmid = {32750959},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {The present work deals with an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) model specifically designed to describe the COVID-19 evolution in Italy. The model is particularised on the basis of National data about the infection status of the Italian population to obtain numerical solutions that effectively reproduce the real data. Our epidemic model is a classical SEIR model that incorporates two compartments of infected subpopulations, representing diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals respectively, and an additional quarantine compartment. Possible control actions representing social, political, and medical interventions are also included. The numerical results of the proposed model identification by least square fitting are analysed and commented with special emphasis on the estimation of the number of asymptomatic infective individuals. Our fitting results are in good agreement with the epidemiological data. Short and long-term predictions on the evolution of the disease are also given.},
}
@article {pmid32750931,
year = {2020},
author = {Jelodar, H and Wang, Y and Orji, R and Huang, H},
title = {Deep Sentiment Classification and Topic Discovery on Novel Coronavirus or COVID-19 Online Discussions: NLP Using LSTM Recurrent Neural Network Approach.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3001216},
pmid = {32750931},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {Internet forums and public social media, such as online healthcare forums, provide a convenient channel for users (people/patients) concerned about health issues to discuss and share information with each other. In late December 2019, an outbreak of a novel coronavirus (infection from which results in the disease named COVID-19) was reported, and, due to the rapid spread of the virus in other parts of the world, the World Health Organization declared a state of emergency. In this paper, we used automated extraction of COVID-19-related discussions from social media and a natural language process (NLP) method based on topic modeling to uncover various issues related to COVID-19 from public opinions. Moreover, we also investigate how to use LSTM recurrent neural network for sentiment classification of COVID-19 comments. Our findings shed light on the importance of using public opinions and suitable computational techniques to understand issues surrounding COVID-19 and to guide related decision-making. In addition, experiments demonstrated that the research model achieved an accuracy of 81.15% - a higher accuracy than that of several other well-known machine-learning algorithms for COVID-19-Sentiment Classification.},
}
@article {pmid32750891,
year = {2020},
author = {Pathak, Y and Shukla, PK and Arya, KV},
title = {Deep bidirectional classification model for COVID-19 disease infected patients.},
journal = {IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TCBB.2020.3009859},
pmid = {32750891},
issn = {1557-9964},
abstract = {In December of 2019, a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) appeared in Wuhan city, China and has been reported in many countries with millions of people infected within only four months. Chest computed Tomography (CT) has proven to be a useful supplement to reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and has been shown to have high sensitivity to diagnose this condition. Therefore, radiological examinations are becoming crucial in early examination of COVID-19 infection. Currently, CT findings have already been suggested as an important evidence for scientific examination of COVID-19 in Hubei, China. However, classification of patient from chest CT images is not an easy task. Therefore, in this paper, a deep bidirectional long short-term memory network with mixture density network (DBM) model is proposed. To tune the hyperparameters of the DBM model, a Memetic Adaptive Differential Evolution (MADE) algorithm is used. Extensive experiments are drawn by considering the benchmark chest-Computed Tomography (chest-CT) images datasets. Comparative analysis reveals that the proposed MADE-DBM model outperforms the competitive COVID-19 classification approaches in terms of various performance metrics. Therefore, the proposed MADE-DBM model can be used in real-time COVID-19 classification systems.},
}
@article {pmid32750889,
year = {2020},
author = {Cui, C and Huang, C and Zhou, W and Ji, X and Zhang, F and Wang, L and Zhou, Y and Cui, Q},
title = {AGTR2, one possible novel key gene for the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells.},
journal = {IEEE/ACM transactions on computational biology and bioinformatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TCBB.2020.3009099},
pmid = {32750889},
issn = {1557-9964},
abstract = {Recently, it was confirmed that ACE2 is the receptor of SARS-CoV-2, the pathogen causing the recent outbreak of severe pneumonia around the world. It is confused that ACE2 is widely expressed across a variety of organs and is expressed moderately but not highly in lung, which, however, is the major infected organ. Therefore, we hypothesized that there could be some other genes playing key roles in the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells. Here we found that AGTR2 (angiotensin II receptor type 2), a G-protein coupled receptor, has interaction with ACE2 and is highly expressed in lung with a high tissue specificity. More importantly, simulation of 3D structure based protein-protein interaction reveals that AGTR2 shows a higher binding affinity with the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 than ACE2 (energy: -8.2 vs. -5.1 [kcal/mol]). A number of compounds, biologics and traditional Chinese medicine that could decrease the expression level of AGTR2 were predicted. Finally, we suggest that AGTR2 could be a putative novel gene for the the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into human cells, which could provide different insight for the research of SARS-COV-2 proteins with their receptors.},
}
@article {pmid32730554,
year = {2020},
author = {Rodríguez-Núñez, I},
title = {[Dosing physical exercise intensity during the COVlD-19 quarantine: Does perceptual self-regulation work in children?].},
journal = {Revista chilena de pediatria},
volume = {91},
number = {2},
pages = {304-305},
doi = {10.32641/rchped.vi91i2.2208},
pmid = {32730554},
issn = {0717-6228},
mesh = {*Betacoronavirus ; Child ; *Coronavirus Infections ; Exercise ; Humans ; *Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral ; *Quarantine ; },
}
@article {pmid32726217,
year = {2020},
author = {Wei, S and Zhang, L and Cui, H and Jiang, S},
title = {Progress in Treatment of Myocardial Injury in Patients with 2019-nCoV: A Chinese Experience.},
journal = {The heart surgery forum},
volume = {23},
number = {4},
pages = {E426-E429},
doi = {10.1532/hsf.2959},
pmid = {32726217},
issn = {1522-6662},
mesh = {Betacoronavirus ; China/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/*complications ; Female ; Heart Diseases/*therapy/*virology ; Humans ; Male ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*complications ; Prognosis ; },
abstract = {Since December 2019, the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection began to appear in Hubei Province of China and gradually spread to other provinces and other countries. The virus has the characteristics of strong transmission capacity, diverse clinical manifestations, long incubation period, and latent infection, thus posing a serious threat to human life safety and health. With the increasing number of cases and the continuous enrichment of clinical data, 2019-nCoV-infected patients have received more and more attention regarding myocardial injury related to virus infection besides typical respiratory system manifestations. According to the published data, we summarize the myocardial injury manifestations, characteristics, effects on disease condition, and prognosis of 2019-nCoV-infected patients and discuss the possible injury mechanism, treatment methods, and future research directions.},
}
@article {pmid32750752,
year = {2020},
author = {Erdede, O and Sarı, E and Uygur Külcü, N and Yalçın, EU and Sezer Yamanel, RG},
title = {An overview of smell and taste problems in paediatric COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apa.15515},
pmid = {32750752},
issn = {1651-2227},
abstract = {At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, fever and respiratory symptoms were the indications for virus testing in our hospital. As data have continued to accumulate worldwide, gastrointestinal, neurological, cardiovascular, cutaneous and ocular symptoms have been reported for confirmed COVID-19 cases. There have been few case reports on problems with taste and smell in paediatric COVID-19. However, new symptoms can provide diagnostic and testing criteria for patients with no other clinical presentation, especially in older children. CONCLUSION: This paper looks at the taste and smell problems reported in paediatric patients and shares insights from our hospital.},
}
@article {pmid32750726,
year = {2020},
author = {Bahat, PY and Kaya, C and Selçuki, NFT and Polat, İ and Usta, T and Oral, E},
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and patients with endometriosis: A survey-based study conducted in Turkey.},
journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13339},
pmid = {32750726},
issn = {1879-3479},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To apply rapid online surveying to determine the knowledge and perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with endometriosis in Turkey.<br><br>METHODS: An online survey was conducted by the Turkish Endometriosis &amp; Adenomyosis Society and administered to patients with endometriosis who agreed to participate in the study. The survey included 25 questions prepared by an expert committee of four professionals (two gynecologists and two endometriosis specialists).<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 290 questionnaires sent out, 261 (90%) were returned. A total of 213 (83.86%) patients reported that they were afraid of having endometriosis-related problems during the pandemic period. In addition, 133 (53.63%) patients thought the management of their endometriosis was affected because of the pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Clinical studies clearly indicate that endometriosis is a condition associated with high levels of chronic stress. The COVID-19 pandemic has led the public to experience psychological problems such as post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological distress, depression, and anxiety. The majority of patients with endometriosis were afraid of having endometriosis-related problems during the pandemic period. The majority of elective endometriosis surgeries have not been postponed. Patients were highly aware of the pandemic and practiced social distancing and hygiene. Only 4 (1.59%) patients with endometriosis required hospitalization.},
}
@article {pmid32750709,
year = {2020},
author = {Thompson, JR and Nygren, MA},
title = {COVID-19 and the Field of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Where Have We Been? Where Are We? Where Do We Go?.},
journal = {Intellectual and developmental disabilities},
volume = {58},
number = {4},
pages = {257-261},
doi = {10.1352/1934-9556-58.4.257},
pmid = {32750709},
issn = {1934-9556},
abstract = {The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has affected, and will continue to affect, every aspect of the intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) community. We provide recommendations to (a) support people with IDD and the broader of field of IDD during the course of the pandemic, and (b) place the IDD community in a strong position when the health threats associated with the pandemic abate and post-pandemic social and policy structures are formed.},
}
@article {pmid32750700,
year = {2020},
author = {Klement, RJ},
title = {The SARS-CoV-2 Crisis: Has Medicine Finally Entered a Reductionist Era?.},
journal = {Complementary medicine research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1159/000510453},
pmid = {32750700},
issn = {2504-2106},
}
@article {pmid32750694,
year = {2020},
author = {Ronco, C and Reis, T and Cozzolino, M},
title = {Rationale for Medium Cutoff Membranes in COVID-19 Patients Requiring Renal Replacement Therapy.},
journal = {Nephron},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1159/000509807},
pmid = {32750694},
issn = {2235-3186},
abstract = {The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spotlighted the vulnerability of patients with chronic kidney disease stage 5 on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) to the viral infection. Social distancing is the most effective preventive measure to reduce the risk of infection. Nonetheless, the necessity to frequently reach the dialysis center and the inherent social gathering both impede social distancing and also self-quarantine for infected individuals. A baseline hyperinflammatory state driven by factors such as the retention of uremic toxins afflicts these patients. Concomitantly, a condition of relative immunosuppression is also attributed to similar factors. The use of high-flux (HF) dialyzers for HD is the standard of care. However, with HF membranes, the removal of large middle molecules is scant. Medium cutoff (MCO) dialyzers are a new class of membranes that allow substantial removal of large middle molecules with negligible albumin losses. Recent trials confirmed long-term safety and long-term sustained reduction in the concentration of large uremic toxins with MCO dialyzers. Herein, we discuss the rationale for applying MCO membranes in COVID-19 patients and its possible immunoadjuvant effects that could mitigate the burden of COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients. We also discuss the direct cytopathic effect of the virus on renal tissue and extracorporeal blood purification techniques that can prevent kidney damage or reduce acute kidney injury progression.},
}
@article {pmid32750685,
year = {2020},
author = {Bianconi, A and Marcelli, A and Campi, G and Perali, A},
title = {Efficiency of Covid-19 mobile contact tracing containment by measuring time dependent doubling time.},
journal = {Physical biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/1478-3975/abac51},
pmid = {32750685},
issn = {1478-3975},
abstract = {The Covid-19 epidemic of the novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS]-CoV-2) has been spreading around the world. While different containment policies using nonpharmaceutical interventions have been applied, their time evolution and efficiency are not known quantitatively. We show here that the measure of the doubling time Td(t) is a reliable tool for early predictions of epidemic spread time evolution following mitigation, which is needed for planning methods to overcome critical health care need. The doubling time Td(t) curves over the epidemic dome full time width provide a quantitative measure of the success of different containment measures. The efficiency of the Lockdown case Finding mobile Tracing (LFT) policy using modern technologies is found to be much higher than the traditional Lockdown Stop and Go (LSG) policy using the success s factor. A low s factor, the characteristic time of the exponential growing Td(t) in the arrested regime, was reached by LFT policy giving the lowest number of deaths and the shorter time width of the epidemic dome. The record for the largest number of fatalities in USA is correlated with the largest s factor in the near threshold regime when any containment measures were enforced by government in due time. LFT policy has been able to reduce both intensity and time width of the Covid-19 pandemic dome achieving both a low number of fatalities and lower economic losses.},
}
@article {pmid32750677,
year = {2020},
author = {Vermisoglou, E and Panáček, D and Jayaramulu, K and Pykal, M and Frébort, I and Kolář, M and Hajdúch, M and Zbořil, R and Otyepka, M},
title = {Human virus detection with graphene-based materials.},
journal = {Biosensors &amp; bioelectronics},
volume = {166},
number = {},
pages = {112436},
doi = {10.1016/j.bios.2020.112436},
pmid = {32750677},
issn = {1873-4235},
abstract = {Our recent experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of easy-to-use, quick, cheap, sensitive and selective detection of virus pathogens for the efficient monitoring and treatment of virus diseases. Early detection of viruses provides essential information about possible efficient and targeted treatments, prolongs the therapeutic window and hence reduces morbidity. Graphene is a lightweight, chemically stable and conductive material that can be successfully utilized for the detection of various virus strains. The sensitivity and selectivity of graphene can be enhanced by its functionalization or combination with other materials. Introducing suitable functional groups and/or counterparts in the hybrid structure enables tuning of the optical and electrical properties, which is particularly attractive for rapid and easy-to-use virus detection. In this review, we cover all the different types of graphene-based sensors available for virus detection, including, e.g., photoluminescence and colorimetric sensors, and surface plasmon resonance biosensors. Various strategies of electrochemical detection of viruses based on, e.g., DNA hybridization or antigen-antibody interactions, are also discussed. We summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of graphene-based systems for sensing a variety of viruses, e.g., SARS-CoV-2, influenza, dengue fever, hepatitis C virus, HIV, rotavirus and Zika virus. General principles, mechanisms of action, advantages and drawbacks are presented to provide useful information for the further development and construction of advanced virus biosensors. We highlight that the unique and tunable physicochemical properties of graphene-based nanomaterials make them ideal candidates for engineering and miniaturization of biosensors.},
}
@article {pmid32750665,
year = {2020},
author = {Landry, ML and Criscuolo, J and Peaper, DR},
title = {Challenges in use of saliva for detection of SARS CoV-2 RNA in symptomatic outpatients.},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {104567},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104567},
pmid = {32750665},
issn = {1873-5967},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A major expansion in SARS CoV-2 testing is urgently needed. Saliva is an attractive option as an alternative for nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS), since saliva can be self-collected, is non-invasive, and sample quality is not dependent on the expertise of the collector.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To compare SARS CoV-2 positivity on paired NPS and saliva samples.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: NPS and paired saliva samples were prospectively collected from symptomatic outpatients suspected of having COVID-19 and were tested by real-time RT-PCR.<br><br>RESULTS: In total, 35/124 (26.6 %) samples were RT-PCR positive, with 33/35 positive by NPS (sensitivity = 94.3 % (95 % CI 81.4%-99.0%)) and 30/35 by pure saliva (sensitivity = 85.7 % (95 % CI 70.6%-93.7%)), for an overall agreement of 117/124 (94.4 %). The median cycle threshold value was significantly lower for NPS than for saliva (p = 0.0331). A third or more of pure saliva samples from symptomatic patients were thick, stringy, and difficult to pipet.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Real-time RT-PCR of pure saliva had an overall sensitivity for SARS CoV-2 RNA detection of 85.7 % when compared to simultaneously collected NPS. Our study highlighted the need to optimize collection and processing before saliva can be used for high volume testing.},
}
@article {pmid32750664,
year = {2020},
author = {Martinaud, C and Hejl, C and Igert, A and Bigaillon, C and Bonnet, C and Mérens, A and Wolf, A and Foissaud, V and Leparc-Goffart, I},
title = {Evaluation of the Quotient® MosaiQ™ COVID-19 antibody microarray for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans.},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {104571},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104571},
pmid = {32750664},
issn = {1873-5967},
abstract = {The MosaiQ® COVID-19 Antibody test fulfills the minimal requirements for serological testing according to the French regulation.},
}
@article {pmid32750636,
year = {2020},
author = {de Almeida, AG and Cysneiros, RM and Scorza, CA and Finsterer, J and Scorza, FA},
title = {Doctors race to understand epilepsy in the time of COVID-19.},
journal = {Epilepsy &amp; behavior : E&amp;B},
volume = {112},
number = {},
pages = {107356},
doi = {10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107356},
pmid = {32750636},
issn = {1525-5069},
}
@article {pmid32750604,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, JA and Chung, WJ and Young, SK and Tuttle, MC and Collins, MB and Darghouth, SL and Longley, R and Levy, R and Razafsha, M and Kerner, JC and Wozniak, J and Huffman, JC},
title = {COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: Early outpatient experiences and implications for the future.},
journal = {General hospital psychiatry},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {89-95},
doi = {10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.002},
pmid = {32750604},
issn = {1873-7714},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically transformed the U.S. healthcare landscape. Within psychiatry, a sudden relaxing of insurance and regulatory barriers during the month of March 2020 enabled clinicians practicing in a wide range of settings to quickly adopt virtual care in order to provide critical ongoing mental health supports to both existing and new patients struggling with the pandemic's impact. In this article, we briefly review the extensive literature supporting the effectiveness of telepsychiatry relative to in-person mental health care, and describe how payment and regulatory challenges were the primary barriers preventing more widespread adoption of this treatment modality prior to COVID-19. We then review key changes that were implemented at the federal, state, professional, and insurance levels over a one-month period that helped usher in an unprecedented transformation in psychiatric care delivery, from mostly in-person to mostly virtual. Early quality improvement data regarding virtual visit volumes and clinical insights from our outpatient psychiatry department located within a large, urban, tertiary care academic medical center reflect both the opportunities and challenges of virtual care for patients and providers. Notable benefits have included robust clinical volumes despite social distancing mandates, reduced logistical barrieres to care for many patients, and decreased no-show rates. Finally, we provide clinical suggestions for optimizing telepsychiatry based on our experience, make a call for advocacy to continue the reduced insurance and regulatory restrictions affecting telepsychiatry even once this public health crisis has passed, and pose research questions that can help guide optimal utilization of telepsychiatry as mainstay or adjunct of outpatient psychiatric treatment now and in the future.},
}
@article {pmid32750523,
year = {2020},
author = {Mishra, R and Lakhan, R and Andres Florez Perdomo, W and Shrivastava, A and Rafael Moscote-Salazar, L and Agrawal, A},
title = {Letter to Editor: The Return Back to Typical Practice from the 'Battle Plan' of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comparative Study.},
journal = {World neurosurgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.184},
pmid = {32750523},
issn = {1878-8769},
}
@article {pmid32750504,
year = {2020},
author = {Silva, WTAF},
title = {Per capita death and infection rates should be avoided in international comparisons.},
journal = {Public health},
volume = {186},
number = {},
pages = {18-19},
doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.038},
pmid = {32750504},
issn = {1476-5616},
}
@article {pmid32750459,
year = {2020},
author = {Chawki, S and Buchard, A and Sakhi, H and Dardim, K and El Sakhawi, K and Chawki, M and Boulanger, H and Kofman, T and Dahmane, D and Rieu, P and Attaf, D and Ahriz-Saksi, S and Besson, F and Boula, R and Hafi, A and Massoumi, A and Diddaoui, AZ and Fromentin, L and Michaut, P and Nebbad, R and Desassis, JF and Nicolet, L and Ghazali, A and Sohier-Attias, J and Lamriben, L and Adem, A and Dupuis, E and Rifard, MK and Joly, D and El Karoui, K and Attias, P and , },
title = {Treatment Impact on COVID-19 evolution in hemodialysis patients.},
journal = {Kidney international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.kint.2020.07.010},
pmid = {32750459},
issn = {1523-1755},
}
@article {pmid32750451,
year = {2020},
author = {Scheen, AJ},
title = {Metformin and COVID-19: From cellular mechanisms to reduced mortality.},
journal = {Diabetes &amp; metabolism},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.diabet.2020.07.006},
pmid = {32750451},
issn = {1878-1780},
abstract = {Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with both poorer clinical outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic and an increased risk of death in such hospitalized patients. While the role of glucose control has been emphasized to improve the prognosis, the impact of different glucose-lowering agents remains largely unknown. Metformin remains the first-line pharmacological choice for the management of hyperglycaemia in T2DM. Because metformin exerts various effects beyond its glucose-lowering action, among which are anti-inflammatory effects, it may be speculated that this biguanide might positively influence the prognosis of patients with T2DM hospitalized for COVID-19. The present concise review summarizes the available data from observational retrospective studies that have shown a reduction in mortality in metformin users compared with non-users, and briefly discusses the potential underlying mechanisms that might perhaps explain this favourable impact. However, given the potential confounders inherently found in observational studies, caution is required before drawing any firm conclusions in the absence of randomized controlled trials.},
}
@article {pmid32750442,
year = {2020},
author = {Colmenero, J and Rodríguez-Perálvarez, M and Salcedo, M and Arias-Milla, A and Muñoz-Serrano, A and Graus, J and Nuño, J and Gastaca, M and Bustamante-Schneider, J and Cachero, A and Lladó, L and Caballero, A and Fernández-Yunquera, A and Loinaz, C and Fernández, I and Fondevilla, C and Navasa, M and Iñarrairaegui, M and Castells, L and Pascual, S and Ramírez, P and Vinaixa, C and González-Dieguez, ML and González-Grande, R and Hierro, L and Nogueras, F and Otero, A and Álamo, JM and Blanco-Fernández, G and Fábrega, E and García-Pajares, F and Montero, JL and Tomé, S and De la Rosa, G and Pons, JA},
title = {Epidemiological pattern, incidence and outcomes of COVID-19 in liver transplant patients.},
journal = {Journal of hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2020.07.040},
pmid = {32750442},
issn = {1600-0641},
abstract = {BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: The incidence and outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) in immunocompromised patients are a matter of debate.<br><br>METHODS: Prospective nationwide study including a consecutive cohort of liver transplant patients with Covid-19 recruited during the Spanish outbreak from February 28th to April 7th, 2020. The primary outcome was severe Covid-19, defined as the need for mechanical ventilation, intensive care, and/or death. Age- and gender-standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIR and SMR) were calculated using data from the Ministry of Health and the Spanish liver transplant registry. Independent predictors of severe Covid-19 among hospitalized patients were analyzed using multivariate Cox regression.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 111 liver transplant patients were diagnosed with Covid-19 (SIR=191.2 [95%CI 190.3-192.2]). The epidemiological curve and geographic distribution overlapped widely between liver transplant and general populations. After a median follow-up of 23 days, 96 patients (86.5%) were admitted to hospital and 22 patients (19.8%) required respiratory support. Twelve patients were admitted to the ICU (10.8%). The mortality rate was 18%, being lower compared to the matched general population (SMR=95.5 [95%CI 94.2-96.8]). Thirty-five patients (31.5%) met criteria of severe Covid-19. Baseline immunosuppression containing mycophenolate was an independent predictor of severe Covid-19 (RR=3.94; 95%CI 1.59-9.74; p=0.003), particularly at doses higher than 1,000 mg/day (p=0.003). This deleterious effect was not observed with calcineurin inhibitors or everolimus and complete immunosuppression withdrawal showed no benefit.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Being chronically immunosuppressed, liver transplant patients have an increased risk of acquiring Covid-19 but their mortality rates are lower than matched general population. Upon hospital admission, mycophenolate dose reduction or withdrawal could help in preventing severe Covid-19. However, complete immunosuppression withdrawal should be discouraged.},
}
@article {pmid32750438,
year = {2020},
author = {Mansourabadi, AH and Sadeghalvad, M and Mohammadi-Motlagh, HR and Rezaei, N},
title = {The immune system as a target for therapy of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review of the current immunotherapies for COVID-19.},
journal = {Life sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {118185},
doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118185},
pmid = {32750438},
issn = {1879-0631},
abstract = {AIMS: The immune response is essential for the control and resolution of viral infections. Following the outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), several immunotherapies were applied to modulate the immune responses of the affected patients. In this review, we aimed to describe the role of the immune system in response to COVID-19. We also provide a systematic review to collate and describe all published reports of the using immunotherapies, including convalescent plasma therapy, monoclonal antibodies, cytokine therapy, mesenchymal stem cell therapy, and intravenous immunoglobulin and their important outcomes in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A thorough search strategy was applied to identify published research trials in PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and EMBASE from Dec 1, 2019, to May 4, 2020, for studies reporting clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients treated with immunotherapies along with other standard cares.<br><br>KEY FINDINGS: From an initial screen of 80 identified studies, 24 studies provided clinical outcome data on the use of immunotherapies for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, including convalescent plasma therapy (33 patients), monoclonal antibodies (55 patients), interferon (31 patients), mesenchymal stem cell therapy (8 patient), and immunoglobulin (63 patients). Except for nine severe patients who died after treatment, most patients were recovered from COVID-19 with improved clinical symptoms and laboratory assessment.<br><br>SIGNIFICANCE: Based on the available evidence, it seems that treatment with immunotherapy along with other standard cares could be an effective and safe approach to modulate the immune system and improvement of clinical outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid32750416,
year = {2020},
author = {Patel, SK and Singh, R and Rana, J and Tiwari, R and Natesan, S and Harapan, H and Arteaga-Livias, K and Bonilla-Aldana, DK and Rodríguez-Morales, AJ and Dhama, K},
title = {The kidney and COVID-19 patients - important considerations.},
journal = {Travel medicine and infectious disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101831},
doi = {10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101831},
pmid = {32750416},
issn = {1873-0442},
}
@article {pmid32750379,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, Y and Chow, A},
title = {Dancing with COVID-19 after the Hammer is Lifted: Enhancing Healthcare Worker Surveillance.},
journal = {The Journal of infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.037},
pmid = {32750379},
issn = {1532-2742},
}
@article {pmid32750378,
year = {2020},
author = {Vasquez-Bonilla, WO and Orozco, R and Argueta, V and Sierra, M and Zambrano, LI and Muñoz-Lara, F and López-Molina, DS and Arteaga-Livias, K and Grimes, Z and Bryce, C and Paniz-Mondolfi, A and Rodríguez-Morales, AJ},
title = {A review of the main histopathological findings in the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Human pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.humpath.2020.07.023},
pmid = {32750378},
issn = {1532-8392},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been declared by the WHO as an emerging public health problem of global importance and classified as a pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection can result in diverse, multi-organ pathology, the most significant being in the lungs (diffuse alveolar damage in its different phases, microthrombi, bronchopneumonia, necrotizing bronchiolitis, viral pneumonia), heart (lymphocytic myocarditis), kidney (acute tubular injury), central nervous system (microthrombi, ischemic necrosis, acute hemorrhagic infarction, congestion, and vascular edema), lymph nodes (hemophagocytosis and histiocytosis), bone marrow (hemophagocytosis) and vasculature (deep vein thrombosis). An understanding of the spectrum and frequency of histologic findings in COVID-19 disease is essential for gaining a better understanding of disease pathophysiology and its ongoing impact on public health. To this end, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis of histopathologic observations to date and review the reported findings.},
}
@article {pmid32750366,
year = {2020},
author = {Lopachev, AV and Kazanskaya, RB and Khutorova, AV and Fedorova, TN},
title = {An overview of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in severe cases of COVID-19 infection, and the proposal of salicyl-carnosine as a potential drug for its treatment.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173457},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173457},
pmid = {32750366},
issn = {1879-0712},
abstract = {Multiple organ failure in COVID-19 patients is a serious problem which can result in a fatal outcome. Damage to organs and tissues, including general lung dysfunction, develops as a consequence of ischemia, which, in turn, is caused by thrombosis in small blood vessels and hypoxia, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Currently, research is underway to screen existing drugs for antioxidant, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory properties. Having studied the available publications concerning the mechanisms of damage to tissues and organs of patients with COVID-19, as well as the available treatment strategies, we propose to investigate salicyl-carnosine as a potential drug for treating COVID-19 patients. In a recent study, we described the drug's synthesis procedure, and showed that salicyl-carnosine possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. Therefore, it can simultaneously act on the three pathogenetic factors involved in tissue and organ damage in COVID-19. Thus, we propose to consider salicyl-carnosine as a potential drug for the treatment of patients with severe cases of COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32750338,
year = {2020},
author = {Day, T and Gandon, S and Lion, S and Otto, SP},
title = {On the evolutionary epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {30},
number = {15},
pages = {R849-R857},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.031},
pmid = {32750338},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {There is no doubt that the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 that causes COVID-19 is mutating and thus has the potential to adapt during the current pandemic. Whether this evolution will lead to changes in the transmission, the duration, or the severity of the disease is not clear. This has led to considerable scientific and media debate, from raising alarms about evolutionary change to dismissing it. Here we review what little is currently known about the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and extend existing evolutionary theory to consider how selection might be acting upon the virus during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although there is currently no definitive evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is undergoing further adaptation, continued evidence-based analysis of evolutionary change is important so that public health measures can be adjusted in response to substantive changes in the infectivity or severity of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32750337,
year = {2020},
author = {Doolittle, WF},
title = {Could this pandemic usher in evolution's next major transition?.},
journal = {Current biology : CB},
volume = {30},
number = {15},
pages = {R846-R848},
doi = {10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.079},
pmid = {32750337},
issn = {1879-0445},
abstract = {Much discussion about the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and whatever emerges as the 'new normal' has been psychological or political in nature, but there is a more inclusive evolutionary biological context in which we might understand it, ourselves, and our responsibilities to the planet.},
}
@article {pmid32750327,
year = {2020},
author = {Manoj, MG and Satheesh Kumar, MK and Valsaraj, KT and Sivan, C and Vijayan, SK},
title = {Potential link between compromised air quality and transmission of the novel corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) in affected areas.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110001},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2020.110001},
pmid = {32750327},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {The emergence of a novel human corona virus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. One of the mechanisms of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome - corona virus (SARS-CoV-2) amid humans is through direct ejection of droplets via sneezing, coughing and vocalizing. Nevertheless, there are ample evidences of the persistence of infectious viruses on inanimate surfaces for several hours to a few days. Through a critical review of the current literature and a preliminary analysis of the link between SARS-CoV-2 transmission and air pollution in the affected regions, we offer a perspective that polluted environment could enhance the transmission rate of such deadly viruses under moderate-to-high humidity conditions. The aqueous atmospheric aerosols offer a conducive surface for adsorption/absorption of organic molecules and viruses onto them, facilitating a pathway for higher rate of transmission under favourable environmental conditions. This mechanism partially explains the role of polluted air besides the exacerbation of chronic respiratory diseases in the rapid transmission of the virus amongst the public. Hence, it is stressed that more ambitious policies towards a cleaner environment are required globally to nip in the bud what could be the seeds of a fatal outbreak such as COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32750322,
year = {2020},
author = {Leonardo, MG and Manuel, MS and Cristiano, S},
title = {A safe endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemia.},
journal = {Gastrointestinal endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.gie.2020.07.058},
pmid = {32750322},
issn = {1097-6779},
}
@article {pmid32750259,
year = {2020},
author = {Hedrick, TL and Murray, BP and Hagan, RS and Mock, JR},
title = {COVID-19: Clean up on IL-6.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1165/rcmb.2020-0277LE},
pmid = {32750259},
issn = {1535-4989},
}
@article {pmid32750256,
year = {2020},
author = {Weatherbee, BAT and Glover, DM and Zernicka-Goetz, M},
title = {Expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 and the protease TMPRSS2 suggests susceptibility of the human embryo in the first trimester.},
journal = {Open biology},
volume = {10},
number = {8},
pages = {200162},
doi = {10.1098/rsob.200162},
pmid = {32750256},
issn = {2046-2441},
abstract = {While initially recognized as causing respiratory disease, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects many other organs leading to other complications. It has emerged that advanced age and obesity are risk factors for complications but questions concerning the potential effects on fetal health and successful pregnancy for those infected with SARS-CoV-2 remain largely unanswered. Here, we examine human pre-gastrulation embryos to determine the expression patterns of the genes ACE2, encoding the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, and TMPRSS2, encoding a protease that cleaves both the viral spike protein and the ACE2 receptor to facilitate infection. We show expression and co-expression of these genes in the trophoblast of the blastocyst and syncytiotrophoblast and hypoblast of the implantation stages, which develop into tissues that interact with the maternal blood supply for nutrient exchange. Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in these tissues raises the possibility for vertical transmission and indicates that further work is required to understand potential risks to implantation, placental health and fetal health that require further study.},
}
@article {pmid32750215,
year = {2020},
author = {Ward, MP and Xiao, S and Zhang, Z},
title = {Humidity is a consistent climatic factor contributing to SARS-CoV-2 transmission.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tbed.13766},
pmid = {32750215},
issn = {1865-1682},
abstract = {There is growing evidence that climatic factors could influence the evolution of the current COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we build on this evidence base, focusing on the southern hemisphere summer and autumn period. The relationship between climatic factors and COVID-19 cases in New South Wales, Australia was investigated during both the exponential and declining phases of the epidemic in 2020, and in different regions. Increased relative humidity was associated with decreased cases in both epidemic phases, and a consistent negative relationship was found between relative humidity and cases. Overall, a decrease in relative humidity of 1% was associated with an increase in cases of 7-8%. Overall, we found no relationship with between cases and temperature, rainfall or wind speed. Information generated in this study confirms humidity as a driver of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.},
}
@article {pmid32750201,
year = {2020},
author = {Hu, F and Yin, G and Chen, Y and Song, J and Ye, M and Liu, J and Chen, C and Song, Y and Tang, X and Zhang, Y},
title = {Corticosteroid, oseltamivir, and delayed admission are independent risk factors for prolonged viral shedding in patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {The clinical respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/crj.13243},
pmid = {32750201},
issn = {1752-699X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and it has reached to more than 14.5 million cases. Although Hubei province is the epicenter of China, little is known about epidemiological and clinical features of COVID-19 in other areas in Hubei province around Wuhan. In addition, the virological data, particularly the factors associated with viral shedding of COVID-19 has not been well described.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with COVID-19 in Tianmen city, and identify risk factors associated with prolonged viral shedding of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: Inpatients with COVID-19 admitted before February 9, 2020 were included. Characteristics were compared between patients with early and late viral RNA shedding. Multivariate cox regression model was used to investigate variables associated with prolonged viral shedding.<br><br>RESULTS: 183 patients were included. 8.2% patients were categorized as critical degree of severity. All patients received antiviral therapy, with arbidol and interferon being the commonest. 38.3% and 16.9% patients were treated with corticosteroid and immunoglobulin, respectively. Time from onset to admission (HR=0.829, P<0.001), and administration of corticosteroid (HR=0.496, P=0.002), arbidol (HR=2.605, P=0.008), and oseltamivir (HR=0.416, P<0.001) were independently associated with duration of viral shedding.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Symptoms of patients from Tianmen are relatively mild. Treatment should be started as early as possible, but corticosteroid and oseltamivir should be initiated with caution. In addition, clinical trials on arbidol should be conducted to demonstrate its effectiveness.},
}
@article {pmid32750190,
year = {2020},
author = {Almaghaslah, D and Kandasamy, G and Almanasef, M and Vasudevan, R and Chandramohan, S},
title = {Review on the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic: its outbreak and current status.},
journal = {International journal of clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13637},
doi = {10.1111/ijcp.13637},
pmid = {32750190},
issn = {1742-1241},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In late December 2019 and on 1st January 2020, the coronavirus (COVID-19) infecting humans was first identified in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Later cases have also been confirmed worldwide. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that are phenotypically and genotypically diverse. Globally, as of 6th April 2020, laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19 reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) amounted to 1,211,214, including 67,666 deaths.<br><br>AIM: In the current study, we performed a literature review on coronavirus outbreak to summarize details about the pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, and the management strategies for the disease control.<br><br>PATHOGENESIS: Coronaviruses are tremendously precise and mature only in differentiated respiratory epithelial cells, as seen in both organ cultures as well as human volunteers. This virus will cause the antiviral T-cell response to be erratic, owing to the T-cell apoptosis activation, triggering the immune system to collapse.<br><br>TRANSMISSION: The understanding of the transmission of COVID-19 risk is incomplete. The transmission mainly occurs through the respiratory droplets once an infected person sneezes, like the spread of flu and other respiratory infectious agents.<br><br>CLINICAL PRESENTATION: Presentations of COVID-19 includes fever, cough, shortness of breath, malaise and respiratory distress.<br><br>TREATMENT: There have been no approved vaccines available for COVID-19 until today. The Ministry of Science and Technology in the People's Republic of China declared three potential anti-viral medicines suitable for treating COVID-19. Those three medicines are, namely, favilavir, chloroquine phosphate, and remdesivir. Hydroxychloroquine combined with azithromycin enhances the reduction of the viral load in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The corona virus transmits quicker than its two predecessors the MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV, but has reduced casualty. The global effects of this latest pandemic are still unclear. Nevertheless, considering that so far no vaccine has been available; preventive approaches are the best way to fight against the virus.},
}
@article {pmid32750187,
year = {2020},
author = {Paula, FR and Fernandes, MS and da Silva, FS and Freitas, ACSG and de Melo, EB and Trossini, GHG},
title = {Insights on 3D Structures of Potential Drug-Targeting Proteins of SARS-CoV-2: Application of Cavity Search and Molecular Docking.},
journal = {Molecular informatics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/minf.202000096},
pmid = {32750187},
issn = {1868-1751},
abstract = {The emergence of the COVID-19 has caused public health problems worldwide and there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this disease. Research on 3D models of proteins and the search for active molecular sites are important tools to assist in the discovery of effective antiviral drugs to combat COVID-19. To address this problem, the 3D protein structures of SARS-CoV 2 were analyzed and submitted to cavities research, evaluation of their druggabillity and liganbility, and applied to molecular docking studies with potential ligand candidates actually assayed against COVID-19. Eight druggable potential cavity sites were determined in model structures' PDB code, 6W4B, 6VWW, 6W01, 6M3M, and 6VYO, and these are the good alternatives to be characterized as targets for antiviral compounds. The good cavity model of the protease 3D structure was used in molecular docking, and this allowed verifying the theoric interactions of this protein and lopinavir and ritonavir antiviral drugs. These results may assist in the use of 3D protein models in drug design studies aiming to develop drugs against the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32750184,
year = {2020},
author = {Meek, CL and Lindsay, RS and Scott, EM and Aiken, CE and Myers, J and Reynolds, R and Simmons, D and Yamamoto, JM and McCance, DR and Murphy, HR},
title = {Approaches to screening for hyperglycaemia in pregnant women during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/dme.14380},
pmid = {32750184},
issn = {1464-5491},
abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of alternative diagnostic strategies to oral glucose tolerance tests, including random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c , during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Retrospective service data (Cambridge, UK; 17 736 consecutive singleton pregnancies, 2004-2008; 826 consecutive gestational diabetes pregnancies, 2014-2019) and 361 women with ≥1 gestational diabetes risk factor (OPHELIA prospective observational study, UK) were included. Pregnancy outcomes included gestational diabetes (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence or International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria), diabetes in pregnancy (WHO criteria), Caesarean section, large-for-gestational age infant, neonatal hypoglycaemia and neonatal intensive care unit admission. Receiver-operating characteristic curves and unadjusted logistic regression were used to compare random plasma glucose, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c performance.<br><br>RESULTS: Gestational diabetes diagnosis was significantly associated with random plasma glucose at 12 weeks [area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for both criteria 0.81 (95% CI 0.79-0.83)], fasting plasma glucose [National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence: area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.75 (95% CI 0.65-0.85); International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups: area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve 0.92 (95% CI 0.85-0.98)] and HbA1c at 28 weeks' gestation [National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence: 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.90); International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups: 0.84 (95% CI 0.77-0.91)]. Each measure predicts some, but not all, pregnancy outcomes studied. At 12 weeks, ~5% of women would be identified using random plasma glucose ≥8.5 mmol/l (sensitivity 42%; specificity 96%) and at 28 weeks using HbA1c ≥39 mmol/mol (sensitivity 26%; specificity 96%) or fasting plasma glucose ≥5.2-5.4 mmol/l (sensitivity 18-41%; specificity 97-98%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Random plasma glucose at 12 weeks, and fasting plasma glucose or HbA1c at 28 weeks identify women with hyperglycaemia at risk of suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. These opportunistic laboratory tests perform adequately for risk stratification when oral glucose tolerance testing is not available.},
}
@article {pmid32750182,
year = {2020},
author = {Rajput, J},
title = {Cognitive overload during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Student response to Sewell et al.},
journal = {Medical education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/medu.14302},
pmid = {32750182},
issn = {1365-2923},
abstract = {The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has severely disrupted both healthcare and clinical teaching across the world. Although lockdown restrictions are now easing in many places, allowing medical students to return to their clinical teaching posts, there is still anxiety towards learning in such an unusual setting. As a final year medical student, I became intrigued when reading Sewell et al's article on identifying cognitive overload among learners[1] and wondered how these results can be translated to help students during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32750178,
year = {2020},
author = {Steinmeyer, R},
title = {Open questions about povidone-iodine based preventive measures. Comment to Martínez Lamas et al.},
journal = {Oral diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/odi.13589},
pmid = {32750178},
issn = {1601-0825},
}
@article {pmid32750142,
year = {2020},
author = {Downes, KJ and Danziger-Isakov, LA and Cousino, MK and Green, M and Michaels, MG and Muller, WJ and Orscheln, RC and Sharma, TS and Statler, VA and Wattier, RL and Ardura, MI},
title = {Return to School for Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Opinion on Key Considerations and Best Practices.},
journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa095},
pmid = {32750142},
issn = {2048-7207},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has created many challenges for pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients and their families. As the pandemic persists, patients and their families struggle to identify the best and safest practices for resuming activities as areas re-open. In particular, decisions about returning to school remain difficult. We assembled a team of pediatric infectious diseases, transplant infectious diseases, public health, transplant psychology, and infection prevention and control specialists to address the primary concerns about school re-entry for pediatric SOT recipients in the United States. Based on available literature and guidance from national organizations, we generated consensus statements pertaining to school re-entry specific to pediatric SOT recipients. Although data are limited, and the COVID-19 pandemic highly dynamic, our goal was to create a framework from which providers and caregivers can identify the most important considerations for each pediatric SOT recipient to promote a safe return to school this fall.},
}
@article {pmid32750141,
year = {2020},
author = {Israelow, B and Song, E and Mao, T and Lu, P and Meir, A and Liu, F and Alfajaro, MM and Wei, J and Dong, H and Homer, RJ and Ring, A and Wilen, CB and Iwasaki, A},
title = {Mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 reveals inflammatory role of type I interferon signaling.},
journal = {The Journal of experimental medicine},
volume = {217},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1084/jem.20201241},
pmid = {32750141},
issn = {1540-9538},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has caused over 13,000,000 cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with a significant fatality rate. Laboratory mice have been the stalwart of therapeutic and vaccine development; however, they do not support infection by SARS-CoV-2 due to the virus's inability to use the mouse orthologue of its human entry receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2). While hACE2 transgenic mice support infection and pathogenesis, these mice are currently limited in availability and are restricted to a single genetic background. Here we report the development of a mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 based on adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated expression of hACE2. These mice support viral replication and exhibit pathological findings found in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, we show that type I interferons do not control SARS-CoV-2 replication in vivo but are significant drivers of pathological responses. Thus, the AAV-hACE2 mouse model enables rapid deployment for in-depth analysis following robust SARS-CoV-2 infection with authentic patient-derived virus in mice of diverse genetic backgrounds.},
}
@article {pmid32750140,
year = {2020},
author = {Antoine-Reid, T and Malone, J and Maris, AS and White-Abell, J and Schmitz, JE},
title = {Cross-Comparison of a Chemiluminescent Platform and a Commercial Receptor Binding Domain-Based ELISA Assay for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG.},
journal = {The journal of applied laboratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jalm/jfaa133},
pmid = {32750140},
issn = {2576-9456},
}
@article {pmid32750135,
year = {2020},
author = {Shook-Sa, BE and Boyce, RM and Aiello, AE},
title = {Estimation Without Representation: Early Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Seroprevalence Studies and the Path Forward.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaa429},
pmid = {32750135},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {The recent development and regulatory approval of a variety of serological assays indicating the presence of antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has led to rapid and widespread implementation of seroprevalence studies. Accurate estimates of seroprevalence are needed to model transmission dynamics and estimate mortality rates. Furthermore, seroprevalence levels in a population help guide policy surrounding reopening efforts. The literature to date has focused heavily on issues surrounding the quality of seroprevalence tests and less on the sampling methods that ultimately drive the representativeness of resulting estimates. Seroprevalence studies based on convenience samples are being reported widely and extrapolated to larger populations for the estimation of total coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections, comparisons of prevalence across geographic regions, and estimation of mortality rates. In this viewpoint, we discuss the pitfalls that can arise with the use of convenience samples and offer guidance for moving towards more representative and timely population estimates of COVID-19 seroprevalence.},
}
@article {pmid32750131,
year = {2020},
author = {Hodge, C and Marra, F and Marzolini, C and Boyle, A and Gibbons, S and Siccardi, M and Burger, D and Back, D and Khoo, S},
title = {Drug interactions: a review of the unseen danger of experimental COVID-19 therapies.},
journal = {The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jac/dkaa340},
pmid = {32750131},
issn = {1460-2091},
abstract = {As global health services respond to the coronavirus pandemic, many prescribers are turning to experimental drugs. This review aims to assess the risk of drug-drug interactions in the severely ill COVID-19 patient. Experimental therapies were identified by searching ClinicalTrials.gov for 'COVID-19', '2019-nCoV', '2019 novel coronavirus' and 'SARS-CoV-2'. The last search was performed on 30 June 2020. Herbal medicines, blood-derived products and in vitro studies were excluded. We identified comorbidities by searching PubMed for the MeSH terms 'COVID-19', 'Comorbidity' and 'Epidemiological Factors'. Potential drug-drug interactions were evaluated according to known pharmacokinetics, overlapping toxicities and QT risk. Drug-drug interactions were graded GREEN and YELLOW: no clinically significant interaction; AMBER: caution; RED: serious risk. A total of 2378 records were retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov, which yielded 249 drugs that met inclusion criteria. Thirteen primary compounds were screened against 512 comedications. A full database of these interactions is available at www.covid19-druginteractions.org. Experimental therapies for COVID-19 present a risk of drug-drug interactions, with lopinavir/ritonavir (10% RED, 41% AMBER; mainly a perpetrator of pharmacokinetic interactions but also risk of QT prolongation particularly when given with concomitant drugs that can prolong QT), chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (both 7% RED and 27% AMBER, victims of some interactions due to metabolic profile but also perpetrators of QT prolongation) posing the greatest risk. With management, these risks can be mitigated. We have published a drug-drug interaction resource to facilitate medication review for the critically ill patient.},
}
@article {pmid32750119,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, J and Yang, Y and Huang, H and Li, D and Gu, D and Lu, X and Zhang, Z and Liu, L and Liu, T and Liu, Y and He, Y and Sun, B and Wei, M and Yang, G and Wang, X and Zhang, L and Zhou, X and Xing, M and Wang, PG},
title = {Relationship between the ABO Blood Group and the COVID-19 Susceptibility.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1150},
pmid = {32750119},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {To explore any relationship between the ABO blood group and the COVID-19 susceptibility, we compared ABO blood group distributions in 2,173 COVID-19 patients with local control populations, and found that blood group A was associated with an increased risk of infection, whereas group O was associated with a decreased risk.},
}
@article {pmid32750114,
year = {2020},
author = {Pišot, S and Milovanović, I and Šimunič, B and Gentile, A and Bosnar, K and Prot, F and Bianco, A and Lo Coco, G and Bartoluci, S and Katović, D and Bakalár, P and Slančová, TK and Tlučáková, L and Casals, C and Feka, K and Christogianni, A and Drid, P},
title = {Maintaining everyday life praxis in the time of COVID-19 pandemic measures (ELP-COVID-19 survey).},
journal = {European journal of public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa157},
pmid = {32750114},
issn = {1464-360X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The extreme social circumstances caused by declared COVID-19 pandemic deeply intervene people's everyday life and should not be neglected but seen through the view of social reality pinpointing the &quot;ordinary&quot; people. In this paper, authors explored basic segments of everyday and their subjective perception to what extent sleeping habits, physical inactivity, physical activity, nutritional habits and smoking have changed.<br><br>METHODS: The online survey was conducted in nine European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Italy, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Spain) in 4108 participants, aged 15-82 years. The survey took place 30 to 40 days after WHO declared COVID-19 pandemic state, from April 15th to May 3rd, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: The results have shown 30 minutes longer sleeping time, 50% longer physical inactivity time, 65% longer screen time, 43% shorter walking time, 24% shorter sport time and 37% longer physical work time. Additionally, body mass gains (0.3 kg) could be explained in 20.6% with meals sizes, unhealthy food consumption, screen time and sport time. Further, respondents reported more regular meals (44%) and healthier meals with less alcohol consumption and less smoking, which have been positive outcomes of home confinement.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The findings draw attention to negative changes in everyday praxis (inactivity, body mass gain) after such a short period. Because of possible risk to population's health (especially of countries such as Italy and Spain with serious threat and more stringent measures), findings enable development of recommendations for maintaining healthy lifestyle habits with minimal negative health consequences in similar pandemic circumstances.},
}
@article {pmid32750108,
year = {2020},
author = {Evans, PC and Ed Rainger, G and Mason, JC and Guzik, TJ and Osto, E and Stamataki, Z and Neil, D and Hoefer, IE and Fragiadaki, M and Waltenberger, J and Weber, C and Bochaton-Piallat, ML and Bäck, M},
title = {Endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19: a position paper of the ESC Working Group for Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology, and the ESC Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science.},
journal = {Cardiovascular research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cvr/cvaa230},
pmid = {32750108},
issn = {1755-3245},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented healthcare emergency causing mortality and illness across the world. Although primarily affecting the lungs, the SARS-CoV-2 virus also affects the cardiovascular system. In addition to cardiac effects, e.g. myocarditis, arrhythmias, and myocardial damage, the vasculature is affected in COVID-19, both directly by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and indirectly as a result of a systemic inflammatory cytokine storm. This includes the role of the vascular endothelium in the recruitment of inflammatory leucocytes where they contribute to tissue damage and cytokine release, which are key drivers of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), in disseminated intravascular coagulation, and cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. There is also evidence linking endothelial cells (ECs) to SARS-CoV-2 infection including: (i) the expression and function of its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the vasculature; (ii) the prevalence of a Kawasaki disease-like syndrome (vasculitis) in COVID-19; and (iii) evidence of EC infection with SARS-CoV-2 in patients with fatal COVID-19. Here, the Working Group on Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology together with the Council of Basic Cardiovascular Science of the European Society of Cardiology provide a Position Statement on the importance of the endothelium in the underlying pathophysiology behind the clinical presentation in COVID-19 and identify key questions for future research to address. We propose that endothelial biomarkers and tests of function (e.g. flow-mediated dilatation) should be evaluated for their usefulness in the risk stratification of COVID-19 patients. A better understanding of the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial biology in both the micro- and macrovasculature is required, and endothelial function testing should be considered in the follow-up of convalescent COVID-19 patients for early detection of long-term cardiovascular complications.},
}
@article {pmid32750072,
year = {2020},
author = {Munk, AJL and Schmidt, NM and Alexander, N and Henkel, K and Hennig, J},
title = {Covid-19-Beyond virology: Potentials for maintaining mental health during lockdown.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {e0236688},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0236688},
pmid = {32750072},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The current study aimed to assess prevalence of mental disorders during Covid-19 pandemic- and respective lockdown in Germany, and potential behaviors/states that can have protective functions on preventing severe mental problems. Assessing prevalence of mental disorders, as well as to find potential protective variables is very important in order to determine people's psychological suffering. It provides the basis for teaching possible coping styles in order to prevent a major breakdown on mental health. Prevalence on mental disorders was expected to increase during the pandemic, especially depression, (general-/and health-) anxiety, panic attacks- and disorder, as well as obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, potentially protective variables, such as resilience and coping, were included.<br><br>METHODS: N = 949 subjects completed an online-survey that asked for symptoms regarding depression, (health) anxiety, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and lock-down related behavior-starting 14 days after lockdown in Germany.<br><br>RESULTS: Prevalence of mental disorders in the current sample was much higher than usual prevalence of mental disorders, with 50.6% expressing at least one mental disorder. Resilience was associated with lower risks for any mental disorder (OR = 4.23, p < .0001, 95%CI = 3.21-5.57), as well as with any other measured mental illness (all ORs between = 2.82 for obsessive-compulsive disorder and OR = 41.44 for panic disorder, all p < .001). Similar results were obtained regarding coping (focus on positive).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Results are highly relevant in order to provide a glance on what substantial influence the current pandemic- and lockdown situation has on mental health across the country, and possibly across the world. Possible ways in order to prevent deterioration and help coping with the current situation are being elaborated and discussed.},
}
@article {pmid32750024,
year = {2020},
author = {Ternák, G and Fülesdi, B},
title = {Hazai COVID–19-járvány tanulságai 2020 június végén.},
journal = {Orvosi hetilap},
volume = {161},
number = {32},
pages = {1350-1352},
doi = {10.1556/650.2020.32M},
pmid = {32750024},
issn = {1788-6120},
}
@article {pmid32750019,
year = {2020},
author = {Remport, Á and Gerlei, Z and Cseprekál, O and Wagner, L and Földes, K and Marton, A and Patonai, A and Török, S and Haboub-Sandil, A and Varga, M and Doros, A and Smudla, A and Fazakas, J and Kóbori, L},
title = {Guidance on the special care of liver or kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19.},
journal = {Orvosi hetilap},
volume = {161},
number = {32},
pages = {1310-1321},
doi = {10.1556/650.2020.31923},
pmid = {32750019},
issn = {1788-6120},
abstract = {Due to the COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with the novel, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), transplant medicine also had to face a new, hitherto unknown challenge. To be prepared for any possibility, we consider it important to summarize the current knowledge regarding COVID-19 of liver and kidney transplant patients. Very early reports from Spanish and French registry recorded fatality rates of 18.6% and 13%, respectively, in renal patients which suggests a moderately worse outcome compared to the general population. In patients with positive PCR test but not showing clinical signs, the reduction of immunosuppression is not advised. In the case of gastrointestinal or respiratory signs with fever, the discontinuation of mycophenolate or mTOR inhibitors is recommended with decrease of the trough levels of calcineurin inhibitors to the lowest effective limit. Stop (kidney transplanted patients) or decrease (liver transplanted patients) immunosuppression and maintain corticosteroids when pulmonal injury develops and consider anti-IL1 and anti-IL6 monoclonal antibody use when hyperinflammatory syndrome is evolving. No proven effective treatment for SARS-CoV-2 exists currently. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir should be avoided because of the severe drug interaction with calcineurin inhibitors. The efficacy and tolerability of hidroxychloroquin remains to be also questionable; enroll patients into clinical trial with remdesivir or favipiravir if available. COVID-19 is characterized by virus-induced endothelial dysfunction, procoagulant state and renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system imbalance. Early thromboprofilaxis combination with low-molecular-weight heparin and low-dose aspirin is strongly recommended with the maintenance of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin-II-receptor blocker (ARB) therapy when they were prescribed earlier. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(32): 1310-1321.},
}
@article {pmid32750013,
year = {2020},
author = {Ngai, CSB and Singh, RG and Lu, W and Koon, AC},
title = {Grappling with the COVID-19 health crisis: Analysis of communication strategies and their effects on public engagement on social media.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/21360},
pmid = {32750013},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented challenge to governments worldwide. Effective government communication of COVID-19 information with the public is of crucial importance.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We investigated how the most-read state-owned newspaper in China, People's Daily, utilized an online social networking site, Sina Weibo, to communicate about COVID-19 and whether this could engage the public. The objective of this study was to develop an integrated framework to examine the content, message style, and interactive features of COVID-19-related posts, and determine their effects on public engagement in the largest social media network in China.<br><br>METHODS: Content analysis was employed to scrutinize 608 COVID-19 posts and coding was performed on three main dimensions: content, message style, and interactive features. The content dimension was coded into six sub-dimensions: (C1) Action, (C2) New evidence, (C3) Reassurance, (C4) Disease prevention, (C5) Healthcare services, and (C6) Uncertainty, while the style dimension was coded into the sub-dimensions of (S1) Narrative and (S2) Non-narrative. As for interactive features, they were coded into: (I1) Links to external sources, (I2) Use of hashtags, (I3) Use of questions to solicit feedback, and (I4) Use of multimedia. Public engagement was measured in the form of the number of shares, comments, and likes on the People's Daily's Sina Weibo account from 20 January 2020 to 11 March 2020 to reveal the association between different levels of public engagement and communication strategies. One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Tukey test, and negative binomial regression analysis were employed to generate the results.<br><br>RESULTS: We found that although the content frames of (C1) Action, (C2) New evidence, and (C3) Reassurance delivered in a (S2) Non-narrative style were predominant in COVID-19 communication by the government, posts related to (C2) New evidence and a (S2) Non-narrative style were strong negative predictors of the number of shares. In terms of generating a high number of shares, it was found that (C4) Disease prevention posts delivered in a (S1) Narrative style were able to achieve this purpose. Additionally, an interaction effect was found between content and style. The use of a (S1) Narrative style in (C4) Disease prevention posts had a significant positive effect on generating comments and likes by the Chinese public while links to external sources fostered sharing.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These results have implications for governments, health organizations, medical professionals, the media, and researchers on their epidemic communication to engage the public. Selecting suitable communication strategies may foster active liking and sharing of posts on social media, which in turn, might raise the public's awareness of COVID-19 and motivate them to take preventive measures. The sharing of COVID-19 posts is particularly important because this action can reach out to a large audience, potentially helping to contain the spread of the virus.},
}
@article {pmid32750012,
year = {2020},
author = {Agyapong, VIO and Hrabok, M and Shalaby, R and Mrklas, K and Vuong, W and Gusnowski, A and Surood, S and Greenshaw, AJ and Nkire, N},
title = {Closing the COVID-19 Psychological Treatment Gap for Cancer Patients in Alberta: Protocol for Implementation and Evaluation of Text4Hope-Cancer Care.},
journal = {JMIR research protocols},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20240},
pmid = {32750012},
issn = {1929-0748},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Background: Cancer diagnoses and treatments usually engender significant anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients, close relatives, and caregivers. During the COVID-19 pandemic providing psychological support in this context presents additional challenges due to self-isolation and social or physical distancing measures in place to limit viral spread. This protocol describes the use of text messaging (Text4Hope-Cancer Care) as a convenient, cost-effective, and accessible population-level mental health intervention. This program is evidence-based with prior research supporting good outcomes and high user satisfaction.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We will implement daily supportive text messaging (Text4Hope-Cancer Care) as a way of reducing/managing anxiety and depression related to cancer diagnosis and treatment in Alberta. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms, their demographic correlates, and Text4Hope-Cancer Care induced changes in anxiety and depression will be evaluated.<br><br>METHODS: Alberta residents with a cancer diagnosis and loved ones of those dealing with cancer diagnosis can self-subscribe to the Text4Hope-Cancer Care program by texting &quot;CancerCare&quot; to a dedicated text number. Self-administered, anonymous, online questionnaires will be used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Data will be collected at onset of individuals receiving text messages, and at the mid and endpoints of the program (i.e., 6- and 12-weeks).<br><br>RESULTS: Data will be analyzed with parametric and non-parametric statistics for primary outcomes (i.e., anxiety and depressive symptoms) and metrics of use, including number of subscribers and user satisfaction. In addition, data-mining and machine learning analysis will focus on determining characteristics of subscribers that predict high levels of symptoms of mental disorders, and may subsequently predict changes in those measures in response to the Text4Hope-Cancer Care program.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Text4Hope-Cancer Care has the potential to provide key information regarding prevalence rates of anxiety and depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed or receiving care for cancer and their caregivers. The study will generate demographic correlates of anxiety and depression, and outcome data related to this scalable, population-level intervention. Information from this study will be valuable for healthcare practitioners working in cancer care and may help inform policy and decision-making regarding psychological interventions for cancer care.<br><br>CLINICALTRIAL: Ethics approval has been granted by the University of Alberta Health Research Ethics Board (Pro00086163).},
}
@article {pmid32750010,
year = {2020},
author = {McRae, MP and Dapkins, IP and Sharif, I and Anderson, J and Fenyo, D and Sinokrot, O and Kang, SK and Christodoulides, NJ and Vurmaz, D and Simmons, GW and Alcorn, TM and Daoura, MJ and Gisburne, S and Zar, D and McDevitt, JT},
title = {Managing COVID-19 with a Clinical Decision Support Tool in a Community Health Network: Algorithm Development and Validation.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/22033},
pmid = {32750010},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality, with large numbers of patients requiring intensive care threatening to overwhelm healthcare systems globally. There is an urgent need for a COVID-19 disease severity assessment that can assist in patient triage and resource allocation for patients at risk for severe disease.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to develop, validate, and scale a clinical decision support system and mobile app to assist in COVID-19 severity assessment, management, and care.<br><br>METHODS: Model training data from 701 patients with COVID-19 were collected across practices within the Family Health Centers network at New York University Langone Health. A two-tiered model was developed. Tier 1 uses easily available, non-laboratory data to help determine whether biomarker-based testing and/or hospitalization is necessary. Tier 2 predicts probability of mortality using biomarker measurements (CRP, PCT, D-dimer) and age. Both Tier 1 and Tier 2 models were validated using two external datasets from hospitals in Wuhan, China comprising 160 and 375 patients, respectively.<br><br>RESULTS: All biomarkers were measured at significantly higher levels in patients that died vs. those that were not hospitalized or discharged (P < .001). The Tier 1 and Tier 2 internal validation had AUC (95% confidence interval) of 0.79 (0.74-0.84) and 0.95 (0.92-0.98), respectively. The Tier 1 and Tier 2 external validation had AUCs of 0.79 (0.74-0.84) and 0.97 (0.95-0.99), respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate validity of the clinical decision support system and mobile app, which are now ready to assist healthcare providers in making evidence-based decisions in managing COVID-19 patient care. The deployment of these new capabilities has potential for immediate impact in community clinics, sites whereby application of such tools could lead to improvements in patient outcomes and cost containment.},
}
@article {pmid32750009,
year = {2020},
author = {Yanover, C and Mizrahi, B and Kalkstein, N and Marcus, K and Akiva, P and Barer, Y and Shalev, V and Chodick, G},
title = {What factors increase the risk of complications in SARS-Cov-2 infected patients? A cohort study in a nationwide Israeli health organization.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20872},
pmid = {32750009},
issn = {2369-2960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reliably identifying patients at increased risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complications could guide clinical decisions, public health policies, and preparedness efforts. Multiple studies have attempted to characterize at-risk patients, using various data sources and methodologies. Most of these studies, however, explored condition-specific patient cohorts (e.g., hospitalized patients) or had limited access to patients' medical history; thus, investigating related questions and, potentially, obtaining biased results.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To identify factors associated with COVID-19 complications from the complete medical records of a nationally representative SARS-CoV-2 infected cohort.<br><br>METHODS: We studied a cohort of all SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, confirmed by polymerase chain reaction testing of either nasopharyngeal or saliva samples, in a nationwide health organization (covering 2.3 million individuals) and identified those who suffered from serious complications (that is, experienced moderate or severe symptoms of COVID-19, admitted to intensive care unit or died). We then compared the prevalence of pre-existing conditions, extracted from electronic health records, between complicated and non-complicated COVID-19 patient cohorts to identify the conditions that significantly increase the risk of disease complications, in various age and sex strata.<br><br>RESULTS: Of the 4,353 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals, 173 (4%) patients suffered from COVID-19 complications (all above the age of 18 years). Our analysis suggests that cardiovascular and kidney diseases, obesity, and hypertension are significant risk factors for COVID-19 complications. It also indicates that depression (e.g., odds ratio, OR, for males 65 years or older: 2.94, 95% confidence intervals [1.55, 5.58]; P = .014) as well as cognitive and neurological disorder (e.g., OR for individuals ≥ 65 years old: 2.65 [1.69, 4.17]; P < .001) are significant risk factors; and that smoking and background of respiratory diseases do not significantly increase the risk of complications.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our analysis agrees with previous studies on multiple risk factors, including hypertension and obesity. It also finds depression, cognitive and neurological disorders, but not smoking and respiratory diseases, to be significantly associated with COVID-19 complications. Adjusting existing risk definitions following these observations may improve their accuracy and impact the global pandemic containment and recovery efforts.},
}
@article {pmid32750008,
year = {2020},
author = {Chiu, NC and Chi, H and Tai, YL and Peng, CC and Tseng, CY and Chen, CC and Tan, BF and Lin, CY},
title = {Wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing contribute to the decrease of influenza and all-cause pneumonia in coronavirus pandemic: a retrospective national epidemiological surveillance study.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/21257},
pmid = {32750008},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic was an important health crisis worldwide and several strategies were implemented to combat COVID-19, including wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing. The entire impact of these strategies on COVID-19 and other viral infections remained largely unclear.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of implemented infectious control strategies on the incidences of influenza virus infection, enterovirus infection, and all-cause pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We utilized the electronic database of national surveillance infectious disease statistics system of Taiwan and extracted the incidences of COVID-19, influenza virus, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia. We compared the incidences of these diseases from week 45 of 2016 to week 21 of 2020 and calculated the R-squared value of linear trend estimation.<br><br>RESULTS: The COVID-19 pandemic began in week 4 of 2020. These infectious control strategies were promoted since late January. Influenza virus usually peaked in winter and decreased around week 14. However, a significant decrease of influenza was observed after week 6 of 2020. The R-squared values for 2017-2020 were 0.037, 0.021, 0.046 and 0.599 respectively. A dramatic decrease of all-cause pneumonia was also reported (R-squared values for 2017-2020 were 0.435, 0.098, 0.352 and 0.82 respectively). Enterovirus increased by week 18 in 2017-2019 but it didn't increase in 2020.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Using this national epidemiological database, we found a significant decrease of influenza, enterovirus, and all-cause pneumonia during COVID-19 pandemic. Wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social distancing may contribute not only to prevention of COVID-19, but also to decrease of other respiratory infectious diseases. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the causal relationship.},
}
@article {pmid32750006,
year = {2020},
author = {Mackey, T and Li, J and Purushothaman, V and Nali, M and Shah, N and Bardier, C and Cai, M and Liang, B},
title = {Big Data, Natural Language Processing, and Deep Learning to Detect and Characterize Illicit COVID-19 Product Sales: An Infoveillance Study on Twitter and Instagram.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20794},
pmid = {32750006},
issn = {2369-2960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is perhaps the greatest global health challenge of the last century. Accompanying this pandemic is a parallel &quot;infodemic&quot;, including the online marketing and sale of unapproved, illegal and counterfeit COVID-19 health products, including testing kits, treatments, and other questionable &quot;cures&quot;. Enabling proliferation of this content is growing ubiquity of Internet-based technologies, including popular social media platforms that now have billions of global users.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To collect, analyze, identify and enable reporting of suspected fake, counterfeit, and unapproved COVID-19-related healthcare products from Twitter and Instagram.<br><br>METHODS: The study was conducted in two phases beginning with collection of COVID-19-related Twitter and Instagram posts using a combination of web scraping on Instagram and filtering the public streaming Twitter API for keywords associated with suspect marketing and sale of COVID-19 products. The second phase involved data analysis using natural language processing and deep learning to identify potential sellers that were then manually annotated for characteristics of interest. We also visualized illegal selling posts on a customized data dashboard to enable public health intelligence.<br><br>RESULTS: We collected a total of 6,029,323 tweets and 204,597 Instagram posts filtered for terms associated with suspect marketing and sale of COVID-19 health products from March - April for Twitter and February - May for Instagram. After applying our NLP and deep learning approaches, we identified 1,271 tweets and 596 Instagram posts associated with questionable sales of COVID-19-related products. Generally, product introduction came in two waves, with the first consisting of questionable immunity-boosting treatments and a second involving suspect testing kits. We also detected a low volume of pharmaceuticals that have not been approved for COVID-19 treatment. Other major themes detected included products offered in different languages, various claims of product credibility, completely unsubstantiated products, unapproved testing modalities, and different payment and seller contact methods.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study provide initial insight into one front of the &quot;infodemic&quot; fight against COVID-19 by characterizing what types of health products, selling claims and types of sellers were active on two popular social media platforms at earlier stages of the pandemic. This cybercrime challenge is likely to continue as the pandemic progresses and more people seek access to COVID-19 testing and treatment. This data intelligence can help public health agencies, regulatory authorities, legitimate manufacturers, and technology platforms better remove and prevent this content from harming the public.<br><br>CLINICALTRIAL: Not applicable.},
}
@article {pmid32750005,
year = {2020},
author = {van Deursen, AJAM},
title = {Digital Inequality During a Pandemic: Differences in COVID-19-Related Internet Uses and Outcomes among the General Population.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20073},
pmid = {32750005},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) considers the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as a public emergency threatening global health. In the current investigation, we focus on the public's need for online information and communication during the crisis. From digital inequality research, we know that internet access is not evenly distributed among the general population.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To provide a timely understanding of how different people use the internet for information and communication needs, and what outcomes they gain therefrom in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. To reveal to what extent gender, age, personality, health, literacy, education, economic and social resources, internet attitude, material internet access, and internet skills remain important for obtaining internet outcomes after people are involved in the corresponding uses.<br><br>METHODS: This study uses an online survey and draws upon a sample collected in the Netherlands. We obtained a dataset with 1,733 respondents over the age of 18.<br><br>RESULTS: Men are more likely to be involved in COVID-19 communication uses. Age is positively related to COVID-19 information uses and negatively to both outcomes. Agreeableness is negatively related to both outcomes and to information uses. Neuroticism is positively related to all uses and communication outcomes. Conscientiousness is not related to any of the uses and outcomes. Introversion is negatively related to COVID-19 outcomes. Finally, openness relates positively to all information uses and both outcomes. Physical health has a negative relation to both outcomes. Health perception contributes positively to information uses and both outcomes. Traditional literacy has a positive relation to information uses and both outcomes. Education has a positive relationship with COVID-19 information and communication uses. Economic and social resources did not play a role. Internet attitude is positively related to information uses and outcomes, but negatively to communication uses and outcomes. Material access and internet contributed to all uses and outcomes. Finally, several of the between indicators and outcomes became insignificant after accounting for engaging in internet uses.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Digital inequality is a major concern among national and international scholars and policy-makers. This contribution aimed to provide a broader understanding in the case of a major health pandemic by using the ongoing COVID-19 crisis as a context for the empirical work. Several groups of people were identified as vulnerable, for example the elderly, lower educated, those with physical health problems, low literacy levels, or low levels of internet skills. The general conclusion is that those who are already relatively better off are more likely to use the internet's information and communication opportunities to their benefit in a health pandemic, while the more disadvantaged individuals are less likely to take advantage. This makes the COVID-19 crisis also an enforcer of existing inequalities.},
}
@article {pmid32750004,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Dmour, H and Masa'deh, PR and Salman, PA and Abuhashesh, DM and Al-Dmour, DR},
title = {The Influence of Social Media Platforms on Public Health Protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Disease via the Mediating Effects of Public Health Awareness and Behavioral Change: An Integrated Model.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/19996},
pmid = {32750004},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the growing body of literature examining social media in health contexts, including public health communication, promotion and surveillance, limited insight is provided into how the utility of social media might vary depending on the particular public health objectives governing an intervention. For example, the question is to what extent would social media platforms contribute to enhance public health awareness and prevention during epidemic disease transmissions?. Doubtlessly, COVID-19 represents a great challenge at the global level, hitting aggressively big cities, and public gatherings, thereby causing the collapse of many healthcare systems all over the world as a result of its enormous spreading speed. Each country has its capacity and reacts according to its perception of threat, economy, healthcare policy, and the healthcare system structure. Furthermore, the authors of this research noted a lack of research focused on the role of social media campaigns on public health awareness and public protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic in Jordan as a developing country.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of social media platforms upon public health protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic via public health awareness and public health behavioral change as mediating factors in Jordan.<br><br>METHODS: A quantitative approach and several social media platforms were used to collect data via web questionnaires in Jordan and a total of 2555 social media users were sampled. This study used structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze and verify the study variables.<br><br>RESULTS: The main findings revealed that the use of social media platforms had a significant positive influence on public health protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19) as a pandemic. Public health awareness and public health behavioral change significantly acted as partial mediators in this relationship. Therefore, a better understanding of the effect of the use of social media interventions upon public health protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic into account via public health awareness and behavioral change as mediators should be taken together in developing any health promotion strategy plan.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, findings suggest that the use of social media platforms can positively influence awareness of public health behavioural change and public protection against Coronavirus (COVID-19). Public health authorities may use social media platforms effective tool to raise public health awareness through dissemination of brief messages to targeted populations. More research is needed, however, to validate how social media channels can be used to improve health knowledge and adoption of healthy behaviours in a cross-cultural context.},
}
@article {pmid32750003,
year = {2020},
author = {Jain, N and Jayaram, M},
title = {Letter to the editor in response to the article- &quot;Digital mental health and covid-19: using technology today to accelerate the curve on access and quality tomorrow&quot;.},
journal = {JMIR mental health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/23023},
pmid = {32750003},
issn = {2368-7959},
abstract = {UNSTRUCTURED: Sir, The editorial titled, &quot;Digital mental health and covid-19: using technology today to accelerate the curve on access and quality tomorrow&quot; [1] was an interesting read. The COVID-19 pandemic has catalysed use of telepsychiatry and broken down barriers to use technology that existed until recently giving way to a 'can do' approach. The editorial rightly discusses accelerating use of information technology in psychiatry. This is a good time to collect global experience and this is a view from telepsychiatry use in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. Whilst telepsychiatry has always been available, there was a notable reluctance to embrace it despite support from accrediting bodies such as the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists which endorsed the view that it can be an option when in person consults were not feasible. Like most public mental health services in Australia, our service also moved to tele psychiatry quickly after COVID-19 to provide safe consulting services. We collated some of our experiences by conducting a rapid survey, which was sent out to 40 people with 14 responses. 70% of the respondents reported the number of teleconsults had increased significantly during this time and a further 70% noted that there were fewer missed appointments and the work was generally more efficient following the transition to tele psychiatry. 79% were satisfied with the care they were able to provide. A few challenges were also encountered during this transition. Difficulty using new technology was experienced by 70% of the respondents. A plethora of platforms such as Zoom, Doxy, CoViu, etc., are available in Australia, each with their own benefits and concerns. There was lack of consensus about which platform to use and guidelines changed frequently requiring learning and relearning when switching between platforms, creating difficulty for some staff and patients alike. Other difficulties experienced by the team were maintaining therapeutic alliance. Effective communication of empathy and use of non-verbal gestures when doing teleconsults was also a challenge. Lack of data availability to do video consults for some disadvantaged patients was also noted. Training around effective use of information technology could be helpful and the survey revealed that only one out of fourteen respondents had sought such training. Suitability of patients for teleconsults is a key issue to consider. Often, the ones with anxiety and mood spectrum disorders were easier to engage compared to the psychotic or drug using patients who had limited insight. There are advantages of using video over telephone as someone who is teary or hypomanic cannot be readily identified over the latter. Another challenge was the absence of a seamless delivery method to ensure electronic prescription dispatch to the pharmacy. Faxing or emailing prescriptions not only increased the workload, but were also unreliable. We hope that adding the Australian experience with telepsychiatry during the COVID pandemic will help in planning better telepsychiatry services in the future- a future where integration of key clinical functions occur within telehealth platforms enabling delivery of accessible, seamless and safe care. References: 1. Torous J, Myrick K J, Rauseo-Ricupero N and Firth J. Digital mental health and COVID 19 - Using technology today to accelerate the curve on access and quality tomorrow. JMIR Ment Health. 2020 Mar 26;7(3):e18848. PMID : 32213476.},
}
@article {pmid32750001,
year = {2020},
author = {Hung, M and Lauren, E and Hon, ES and Birmingham, WC and Xu, J and Su, S and Hon, SD and Park, J and Dang, P and Lipsky, MS},
title = {Social Network Analysis of COVID-19 Sentiments: Application of Artificial Intelligence.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/22590},
pmid = {32750001},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial public discussion. Understanding these discussions can help institutions, governments and individuals to navigate the pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To analyze social network discussion on Twitter related to COVID-19 and to investigate the sentiments towards COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This study applied machine learning methods in the field of artificial intelligence to analyze data collected from the Twitter website. Using tweets originating exclusively in the United States and written in English during the one-month period from March 20, 2020 to April 19, 2020, the study examined COVID-19 related discussions. Social network and sentiment analyses were also conducted to determine whether the tweets expressed positive, neutral or negative sentiments and the social network of dominant topics, as well as geographic analysis of the tweets.<br><br>RESULTS: There was a total of 14,180,603 likes, 863,411 replies, 3,087,812 retweets and 641,381 mentions in tweets during the study timeframe. Sentiment analysis classified 434,254 (48.2%) tweets as positive, 187,042 (20.7%) as neutral and 280,842 (31.1%) as having negative COVID-19 sentiment. The study identified five dominant themes among COVID-19 related tweets: healthcare environment, emotional support, business economy, social change, and psychological stress. Alaska, Wyoming, New Mexico, Pennsylvania and Florida were the states expressing the most negative sentiment while Vermont, North Dakota, Utah, Colorado, Tennessee and North Carolina conveyed the most positive sentiment.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study identified five prevalent themes of COVID-19 discussion with sentiments ranging from positive, negative, and neutral. These themes and sentiments can clarify the public's response to COVID-19 and help officials navigate the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32750000,
year = {2020},
author = {Wei, L and Gao, X and Chen, S and Zeng, W and Wu, J and Lin, X and Zhang, H and Mwamaka Sharifu, L and Chen, L and Feng, L and Wang, S},
title = {Clinical characteristics and outcomes of childbearing-age women with Coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan: a retrospective, single-center study.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/19642},
pmid = {32750000},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly in Wuhan and worldwide. However, previous studies on pregnant patients were limited.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of pregnant and non-pregnant women with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This study retrospectively collected epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, imaging, management, and outcome data of 43 childbearing-age women patients (including 17 pregnant and 26 non-pregnant patients) who presented with laboratory confirmed of COVID-19 in Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China, from January 19 to March 2, 2020. Clinical outcomes were followed up to March 28, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 43 childbearing-age women in this study, none developed severe adverse illness and or died. The median ages of pregnant and non-pregnant women were 33.0 and 33.5 years, respectively. Pregnant women had a markedly higher proportion of history exposure to hospitals within two weeks before onset (53% vs 19%, P=.02), and a lower proportion of other family members affected (24% vs 73%%, P=.004). Fever (47% vs 69%) and cough (53% vs 46%) were common onset of symptoms for two groups. Abdominal pain (24%), vaginal bleeding (6%), reduced fetal movement (6%), and increased fetal movement (13%) were observed at onset in pregnant patients. Higher neutrophil and lower lymphocyte percent were observed in pregnant group (79% vs 56%, P<.001; 15% vs 33%, P<.001, respectively). In both groups, we observed elevated concentration of high sensitivity C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Concentrations of alkaline phosphatase and D-dimer in pregnant group were significantly higher than those of non-pregnant group (119.0 vs 48.0 U/L, P<.001; 2.1vs 0.3μg/mL, P<.001). Both pregnant (4/10; 40%) and non-pregnant (8/15; 53%) women were tested positive for influenza A virus. A majority of pregnant and non-pregnant groups received antiviral (76% vs 96%) and antibiotic (76% vs 88%) therapy. Additionally, both pregnant (2/11; 18%) and non-pregnant (2/19; 11%) recovered women re-detected positive for SARS-CoV-2 after discharge.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The epidemiology, clinical and laboratory features of pregnant women with COVID-19 were diverse and atypical, which increased the difficulty of diagnosis. Most pregnant women with COVID-19 were mild and moderate, and rarely developed severe pneumonia and severe adverse outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid32749996,
year = {2020},
author = {Windisch, O and Zamberg, I and Zanella, MC and Gayet-Ageron, A and Blondon, K and Schiffer, E and Agoritsas, T},
title = {Using mHealth to increase the reach of local guidance to health professionals as part of institutional response plan to COVID-19 Outbreak: Usage Analysis Study.},
journal = {JMIR mHealth and uHealth},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20025},
pmid = {32749996},
issn = {2291-5222},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic forced health jurisdictions worldwide to significantly restructure and reorganise their medical activities. In response to the rapidly evolving body of evidence, a solid communication strategy is needed in order to increase the reach and adherence of locally drafted and validated guidance to aide medical staff with COVID-19 related clinical decisions.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We present a usage analysis of a dedicated mobile Health (mHealth) platform as part of an institutional knowledge dissemination strategy of COVID-19 related guidance the all healthcare workers (HCW) in a large academic hospital.<br><br>METHODS: A multidisciplinary team of experts drafted local guidance related to COVID-19. Sixty documents and seven-teen external links were made available through the platform. Documents were disseminated using a recently deployed mHealth platform for HCW. Targeted dissemination of COVID-19 related content began on March 22nd, 2020. Using a third-party statistics tool, data concerning user activity and content use was anonymously collected. A quantitative analysis of user activity was performed over a 4-month period, separated in 3 periods: 2-months before (A), 2-weeks after (B), and 6 weeks following (C) targeted dissemination. Regional epidemiological data (daily new COVID-19 cases and total COVID-19 related hospitalizations) was extracted from an official registry.<br><br>RESULTS: During the study period, the platform was downloaded by 1,233 new users. Consequently, total users number increased from 1,766 users before period A to a total of 2.999 users at the end of period C. We observed 27,046 document views within which 12,728 (47.1%) were COVID-19 related. Highest increase in activity occurred in period B, rapidly following targeted dissimination, with 7,740 COVID-19 related content views, representing 71.2% of total content views within mentioned period and accounting for 550 daily views of COVID-19 related documents. Total documents consulted per day increased from 117 (IQR:74-160) to 657 (481-1051), p<0.001. This increase in activity followed the epidemiological curb of newly COVID-19 diagnosed cases, which peaked during period B. Total active devices doubled from 684 to 1400, daily user activity increased fourfold with number of active devices rising from 53 (IQR:40-70) to 210 (IQR:167-297), p <0.001 and the number of sessions per day from 166 (IQR:110-246) to 704 (517-1028), p<0.001. Persistent but reduced increase in total documents consulted per day (172 (IQR:131-251) vs. 117 (IQR:74-160), p<0.001) and active devices (71 (IQR:64-89) vs. 53 (IQR:40-70) was observed in period C compared to period A, while only 29.8% of the content was COVID-19 related. After targeted dissemination, immediate increase in activity was observed after push notifications were sent to users.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The use of a mHealth solution to disseminate time-sensitive medical knowledge seemed to be an effective solution to increase the reach of validated content to targeted audience.},
}
@article {pmid32749979,
year = {2020},
author = {Kuzdeuov, A and Baimukashev, D and Karabay, A and Ibragimov, B and Mirzakhmetov, A and Nurpeiissov, M and Lewis, M and Varol, HA},
title = {A Network-Based Stochastic Epidemic Simulator: Controlling COVID-19 with Region-Specific Policies.},
journal = {IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/JBHI.2020.3005160},
pmid = {32749979},
issn = {2168-2208},
abstract = {In this work, we present an open-source stochastic epidemic simulator calibrated with extant epidemic experience of COVID-19. The simulator models a country as a network representing each node as an administrative region. The transportation connections between the nodes are modeled as the edges of this network. Each node runs a Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Recovered (SEIR) model and population transfer between the nodes is considered using the transportation networks which allows modeling of the geographic spread of the disease. The simulator incorporates information ranging from population demographics and mobility data to health care resource capacity, by region, with interactive controls of system variables to allow dynamic and interactive modeling of events. The single-node simulator was validated using the thoroughly reported data from Lombardy, Italy. Then, the epidemic situation in Kazakhstan as of 31 May 2020 was accurately recreated. Afterward, we simulated a number of scenarios for Kazakhstan with different sets of policies. We also demonstrate the effects of region-based policies such as transportation limitations between administrative units and the application of different policies for different regions based on the epidemic intensity and geographic location. The results show that the simulator can be used to estimate outcomes of policy options to inform deliberations on governmental interdiction policies.},
}
@article {pmid32749957,
year = {2020},
author = {Perera, RAPM and Tso, E and Tsang, OTY and Tsang, DNC and Fung, K and Leung, YWY and Chin, AWH and Chu, DKW and Cheng, SMS and Poon, LLM and Chuang, VWM and Peiris, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 Virus Culture and Subgenomic RNA for Respiratory Specimens from Patients with Mild Coronavirus Disease.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {26},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid2611.203219},
pmid = {32749957},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {We investigated 68 respiratory specimens from 35 coronavirus disease patients in Hong Kong, of whom 32 had mild disease. We found that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and subgenomic RNA were rarely detectable beyond 8 days after onset of illness. However, virus RNA was detectable for many weeks by reverse transcription PCR.},
}
@article {pmid32749939,
year = {2020},
author = {Mulvey, TM and Jacobson, JO},
title = {COVID-19 and Cancer Care: Ensuring Safety While Transforming Care Delivery.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {JCO2001474},
doi = {10.1200/JCO.20.01474},
pmid = {32749939},
issn = {1527-7755},
}
@article {pmid32749914,
year = {2020},
author = {Habas, K and Nganwuchu, C and Shahzad, F and Gopalan, R and Haque, M and Rahman, S and Majumder, AA and Nasim, T},
title = {Resolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Expert review of anti-infective therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/14787210.2020.1797487},
pmid = {32749914},
issn = {1744-8336},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first detected in China in December, 2019, and declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. The current management of COVID-19 is based generally on supportive therapy and treatment to prevent respiratory failure. The effective option of antiviral therapy and vaccination are currently under evaluation and development.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: A literature search was performed using PubMed between December 1, 2019-June 23, 2020. This review highlights the current state of knowledge on the viral replication and pathogenicity, diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and management of COVID-19. This review will be of interest to scientists and clinicians and make a significant contribution toward development of vaccines and targeted therapies to contain the pandemic.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: The exit strategy for a path back to normal life is required, which should involve a multi-prong effort toward development of new treatment and a successful vaccine to protect public health worldwide and prevent future COVID-19 outbreaks. Therefore, the bench to bedside translational research as well as reverse translational works focusing bedside to bench is very important and would provide the foundation for the development of targeted drugs and vaccines for COVID-19 infections.},
}
@article {pmid32749868,
year = {2020},
author = {Sharma, P and Zeki, AA},
title = {Does Vaping Increase Susceptibility to COVID-19?.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1164/rccm.202005-2103LE},
pmid = {32749868},
issn = {1535-4970},
}
@article {pmid32749854,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, H and Rostami, MR and Leopold, PL and Mezey, JG and O'Beirne, SL and Strulovici-Barel, Y and Crystal, RG},
title = {Reply to: Does Vaping Increase Susceptibility to COVID-19?.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1164/rccm.202006-2351LE},
pmid = {32749854},
issn = {1535-4970},
}
@article {pmid32749826,
year = {2020},
author = {Pei, L and Zhang, S and Huang, L and Geng, X and Ma, L and Jiang, W and Li, W and Chen, D},
title = {Antiviral agents, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulin usage in 1142 patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Polish archives of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.20452/pamw.15543},
pmid = {32749826},
issn = {1897-9483},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Treatment effects of antiviral agents, glucocorticoids, antibiotics, and intravenous immunoglobulin are controversial in patients with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of drug therapy on the risk of death in patients with COVID-19.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and major preprint platforms were searched to retrieve articles till 7 April 2020. The effects of specific drug interventions on mortality were assessed in COVID-19 patients. Odds ratios (ORs) and Risk Ratios (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 3421 references, six studies were included. Pooled results from retrospective studies revealed that antiviral agents may contribute to survival benefit (OR, 0.42, 95% CI, 0.17-0.99, p=0.048, I2=82.8%), while the RCT found no effects of antiviral agent on mortality (RR 0.77, 95% CI, 0.45-1.30, p=0.33). Glucocorticoids usage leads to an increased risk of death (OR 2.43, 95% CI, 1.44-4.10, p=0.001, I2=61.9%). Antibiotics intervention did not significantly affect mortality (OR 1.13, 95% CI, 0.67-1.89, p=0.64, I2=0%). Likewise, intravenous immunoglobulin had non-significant effects on mortality (OR 2.66, 95% CI, 0.72-9.89, p=0.14, I2=93.1%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: With the varied heterogeneities across interventions, the current evidence indicated a probable survival benefit of antiviral agent usage and a harmful effect of glucocorticoids in patients with COVID-19. None of antibiotics or intravenous immunoglobulin usage was associated with survival benefit in patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32749825,
year = {2020},
author = {In 't Veen, JCCM and Kappen, JH and van Schayck, OCP},
title = {[Air pollution: a determinant for COVID-19?].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32749825},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {Preliminary data from the Wuhan area in China, Northern Italy and specific areas in the United States suggest a correlation between the severity of the pandemic with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19, and air pollution. Observations in the Netherlands are in line with these data. COVID-19 struck hard in the eastern part of the province of Brabant, where levels of fine particulate matter and ammonia are relatively high due to intensive livestock farming. Mechanisms by which air pollution might facilitate SARS-CoV-2 infection include a possible link between upregulation of the angiotensin converting enzyme receptor by air pollution and the host being prone to more severe COVID-19. Although the data are not yet peer-reviewed and the potential association does not necessarily imply causality, these data do stress the need for further investigation. If air pollution plays a role in the severity of the corona pandemic, more vigorous legislation concerning air quality is pivotal.},
}
@article {pmid32749822,
year = {2020},
author = {de Winter, R and de Beurs, D},
title = {[Suicidality in adults].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32749822},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {Suicide rates appear to be influenced by the economy. In the Netherlands, fluctuation in these rates in the last 10 years was mainly seen in men. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have a negative impact on this fluctuation. There are no reliable predictors of suicidality yet, but there are developments that could lead to better predictions. Examples include 'big data' and 'machine learning' in combination with a network approach in which psychopathology is seen as a complex dynamic system. Better differentiation of suicidality can help clinical practice to offer tailored treatment and prevention. Suicidality is a multifactorial and complex phenomenon that goes beyond mental healthcare. In recent years, various prevention strategies and lines of research have been launched that focus on this complexity, making suicidality easier to treat and understand. The 113 foundation for suicide prevention has an important coordinating and facilitating role in this.},
}
@article {pmid32749808,
year = {2020},
author = {Vollaard, A and Gieling, EM and van der Linden, PD and Sinha, B and de Boer, MGJ},
title = {[Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine for COVID-19: no evidence of effectiveness].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32749808},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {On 3 March 2020, the document 'Drug treatment options for patients with COVID-19 (infections with SARS-CoV-2)' was published on the website of the Dutch Working Party on Antibiotic Policy (StichtingWerkgroepAntibioticabeleid, SWAB). Based on a 7-step analysis of the literature, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and chloroquine (CQ) were initially included in the SWAB document as possible drug treatments for hospitalised adult COVID-19 patients. However, recent weeks have seen the publication of the results of various studies into the effectiveness of treatment with HCQ and CQ in patients with COVID-19. On the basis of these results, we conclude that there is insufficient evidence to consider HCQ and CQ as meaningful treatment options in patients with COVID-19. Clinically relevant QTc prolongation occurs in at least 1 in 10 COVID-19 patients treated with HCQ or HQ.},
}
@article {pmid32749807,
year = {2020},
author = {van der Hoek, W and Backer, JA and Bodewes, R and Friesema, I and Meijer, A and Pijnacker, R and Reukers, DFM and Reusken, C and Roof, I and Rots, N and Te Wierik, MJM and van Gageldonk-Lafeber, AB and Waegemaekers, CHFM and van den Hof, S},
title = {[The role of children in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32749807},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children play a role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to other children and adults, and to gain insight into symptomatic and asymptomatic infections in children.<br><br>DESIGN: Analysis of national COVID-19 notifications and prospective observational study in families with children.<br><br>METHOD: Information about COVID-19 patients and their contacts was obtained from the registration systems used by the public health services. In an ongoing study, patients with COVID-19 were asked to participate if they have a family with children. On two occasions nose-throat swabs and blood were collected for PCR analysis and determination of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>RESULTS: The notifications suggest that transmission finds place mainly between adults and to a lesser extent between parents and children. For the family study, data were available from 54 households with a total of 227 participants. In families of a confirmed COVID-19 patient, children between 1 and 11 years were less often positive in PCR and serology than older children and adults.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The study gives no indications that children play an important role in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Children can indeed become infected, but transmission mainly takes place between adult peers and from adult family members to children. Transmission among children or from children to adults, as is known in influenza, appears to be less common. Ongoing studies should provide important information for further decision-making on control measures, such as closure of schools.},
}
@article {pmid32749806,
year = {2020},
author = {Westra, K and Beulens, CA and Sijbers-Hanegraaf, MMA},
title = {[At the heart of the Dutch COVID-19 epidemic: experiences of a municipal health service and a look at the future].},
journal = {Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde},
volume = {164},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {32749806},
issn = {1876-8784},
abstract = {COVID-19 first appeared in the Netherlands at the end of February 2020. North Brabant province was the epicentre, which led the municipal health service (GGD) 'Hart voor Brabant' to register 1495 cases in a single month in its area. As the GGD spearheaded the fight, it was faced with a rapid increase to a major epidemic. We describe the experiences of the GGD 'Hart voor Brabant' on the basis of a GGD's responsibilities. An epidemic consists of several stages, each with its own focus with respect to source and contact tracing and diagnostic testing. An epidemic of this magnitude is usually associated with common healthcare challenges, for example limited availability of diagnostic resources and personal protective equipment. Now that the government is easing the measures, early source identification and rapid start-up of contact tracing are particularly important. The big challenge now is to convince COVID-19 patients' contacts to stick to all control measures.},
}
@article {pmid32749759,
year = {2020},
author = {Kasilingam, D and Prabhakaran, SPS and Dinesh Kumar, R and Rajagopal, V and Santhosh Kumar, T and Soundararaj, A},
title = {Exploring the Growth of COVID-19 Cases using Exponential Modelling Across 42 Countries and Predicting Signs of Early Containment using Machine Learning.},
journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/tbed.13764},
pmid = {32749759},
issn = {1865-1682},
abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic disease spread by the SARS-COV-2 single-strand structure RNA virus, belongs to the 7th generation of the coronavirus family. Following an unusual replication mechanism, it's extreme ease of transmissivity has put many counties under lockdown. With uncertainty of developing a cure/vaccine for the infection in the near future, the onus currently lies on healthcare infrastructure, policies, government activities, and behaviour of the people to contain the virus. This research uses exponential growth modelling studies to understand the spreading patterns of the COVID-19 virus and identifies countries that have shown early signs of containment until 26th March 2020. Predictive supervised machine learning models are built using infrastructure, environment, policies, and infection-related independent variables to predict early containment. COVID-19 infection data across 42 countries are used. Logistic regression results show a positive significant relationship between healthcare infrastructure and lockdown policies, and signs of early containment. Machine learning models based on logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and support vector machines are developed and show accuracies between 76.2% to 92.9% to predict early signs of infection containment. Other policies and the decisions taken by countries to contain the infection are also discussed.},
}
@article {pmid32749757,
year = {2020},
author = {Infante, MS and González-Gascón Y Marín, I and Muñoz-Novas, C and Churruca, J and Foncillas, MÁ and Landete, E and Marín, K and Ryan, P and Hernández-Rivas, JÁ},
title = {COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies: A retrospective case series.},
journal = {International journal of laboratory hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13301},
doi = {10.1111/ijlh.13301},
pmid = {32749757},
issn = {1751-553X},
}
@article {pmid32749718,
year = {2020},
author = {Patterson, KK and Ritwik, P and Kerins, CA and Adewumi, A},
title = {Real-time measurement for effectiveness of novel educational endeavors during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of dental education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jdd.12363},
pmid = {32749718},
issn = {1930-7837},
}
@article {pmid32749713,
year = {2020},
author = {Butt, MH and Ahmad, A and Misbah, S and Mallhi, TH and Khan, YH},
title = {Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever and Eid-Ul-Adha; A potential threat during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26388},
pmid = {32749713},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Pakistan is celebrating Eid-Ul-Adha in the first week of August 2020. Eid-Ul-Adha is an annual religious festival during which millions of farm animals including goats, cows, sheep and camels are sacrificed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749712,
year = {2020},
author = {Hsu, AL and Guan, M and Johannesen, E and Stephens, AJ and Khaleel, N and Kagan, N and Tuhlei, BC and Wan, XF},
title = {Placental SARS-CoV-2 in a Pregnant Woman with Mild COVID-19 Disease.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26386},
pmid = {32749712},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The full impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy remains uncharacterized. Current literature suggests minimal maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality.1 COVID-19 manifestations appear similar between pregnant and non-pregnant women.2 OBJECTIVES/STUDY DESIGN: We present a case of placental SARS-CoV-2 virus in a woman with mild COVID-19 disease, then review the literature. RT-PCR was performed to detect SARS-CoV-2. Immunohistochemistry staining was performed with specific monoclonal antibodies to detect SARS-CoV-2 antigen or to identify trophoblasts.<br><br>RESULTS: A 29 year-old multigravida presented at 40-4/7 weeks for labor induction. With myalgias two days prior, she tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We demonstrate maternal vascular malperfusion, with no fetal vascular malperfusion, as well as SARS-CoV-2 virus in chorionic villi endothelial cells, and also rarely in trophoblasts.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first report of placental SARS-CoV-2 despite mild COVID-19 disease (no symptoms of COVID-19 aside from myalgias); patient had no fever, cough, or shortness of breath, but only myalgias and sick contacts. Despite her mild COVID-19 disease in pregnancy, we demonstrate placental vasculopathy and presence of SARS-CoV-2 virus across the placenta. Evidence of placental COVID-19 raises concern for placental vasculopathy (potentially leading to fetal growth restriction and other pregnancy complications) and possible vertical transmission - especially for pregnant women who may be exposed to COVID-19 in early pregnancy. This raises important questions of whether future pregnancy guidance should include stricter pandemic precautions, such as screening for a wider array of COVID-19 symptoms, increased antenatal surveillance, and possibly routine COVID-19 testing throughout pregnancy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749709,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, J and Pan, Y and Li, G and Xu, W and Zhang, L and Yuan, S and Xia, Y and Lu, P and Zhang, J},
title = {Distinguishing between COVID-19 and influenza during the early stages by measurement of peripheral blood parameters.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26384},
pmid = {32749709},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study aims to examine the changes in peripheral blood parameters during the early stages of COVID-19 and influenza.<br><br>METHODS: We analysed the peripheral blood parameters of 169 COVID-19 patients and 131 influenza patients during the early onset stage. Results from the COVID-19 patients were compared with those from healthy controls and influenza patients. In addition, results from patients with common and severe COVID-19 were further compared.<br><br>RESULTS: There were significant differences between COVID-19 and influenza patients in terms of age, white blood cell count, platelet count, percentage of neutrophils, percentage of lymphocytes, percentage of monocytes, percentage of eosinophils, percentage of basophils, neutrophil count and monocyte count. Two parameters (monocyte count and percentage of basophils) were combined to clarify the diagnostic efficacy of COVID-19 and influenza and the area under the curve was found to be 0.772.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Comparison of peripheral blood parameters from common COVID-19, severe COVID-19 and influenza patients revealed many differences during the early disease stages. The diagnostic formula developed by this study will be of benefit for physicians in the differentiation of COVID-19 and influenza. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749708,
year = {2020},
author = {Campana, P and Flocco, V and Aruta, F and Cacciatore, F and Abete, P},
title = {Can Aldosterone increase Interleukin-6 levels in Covid-19 Pneumonia?.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26382},
pmid = {32749708},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {In the last months, the importance of identifying pathophysiological mechanisms for future therapies has emerged with the rapid spread of Covid-19 pandemic. As matter of fact, several evidences suggest the critical role of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the cytokine storm induced by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection and its correlation with the severity of acute lung injury (1, 2). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749707,
year = {2020},
author = {Abdelkarim, A},
title = {Creating predoctoral orthodontic laboratory online modules and a complete course kit in response to COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of dental education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jdd.12359},
pmid = {32749707},
issn = {1930-7837},
}
@article {pmid32749705,
year = {2020},
author = {Reddy, RK and Charles, WN and Sklavounos, A and Dutt, A and Seed, PT and Khajuria, A},
title = {The effect of smoking on COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26389},
pmid = {32749705},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Various comorbidities represent risk factors for severe COVID-19. The impact of smoking on COVID-19 severity has been previously reported in several meta-analyses limited by small sample sizes and poor methodology. We aimed to rigorously and definitively quantify the effects of smoking on COVID-19 severity.<br><br>METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL and Web of Science were searched between December 1, 2019 and June 2, 2020. Studies reporting smoking status of hospitalised patients with different severities of disease and/or at least one clinical endpoint of interest (disease progression, ICU admission, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality) were included. Data were pooled using a random effects model. This study was registered on PROSPERO: CRD42020180920.<br><br>FINDINGS: We analysed 47 eligible studies reporting on 32,849 hospitalised COVID-19 patients, with 8417 (25·6%) reporting a smoking history, comprising 1501 current smokers, 5676 former smokers and 1240 unspecified smokers. Current smokers had an increased risk of severe COVID-19 (RR 1·80, 95% CI 1·14-2·85; p=0·012), and severe or critical COVID-19 (1·98, 1·16-3·38; p=0·012). Patients with a smoking history had a significantly increased risk of severe COVID-19 (1·31, 1·12-1·54; p=0·001), severe or critical COVID-19 (1·35, 1·19-1·53; p<0·0001), in-hospital mortality (1·26, 1·20-1·32; p<0·0001), disease progression (2·18, 1·06-4·49; p=0·035), and need for mechanical ventilation (1·20, 1·01-1·42; p=0·043).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Patients with any smoking history are vulnerable to severe COVID-19 and worse in-hospital outcomes. In the absence of current targeted therapies, preventative and supportive strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality in current and former smokers are crucial. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749704,
year = {2020},
author = {Collins, GS and Wilkinson, J},
title = {Statistical issues in the development a COVID-19 prediction models.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26390},
pmid = {32749704},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Clinical prediction models to aid diagnosis, assess disease severity or prognosis have enormous potential to aid clinical decision making during the covid-19 pandemic. A living systematic review has, so far, identified 145 covid-19 prediction models published (or preprinted) between 03-January-2020 and 05-May-2020. Despite the considerable interest in developing covid-19 prediction models, the review concluded that all models to date, with no exception, are at high risk of bias with concerns related to data quality, flaws in the statistical analysis and poor reporting, and none are recommended for use. Disappointingly, the recent study by Yang and colleagues describing the development of a prediction model to identify covid-19 patients with severe disease, is no different. The study has failed to report important information needed to judge the study findings, but has numerous methodological concerns in design and analysis that deserve highlighting. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749702,
year = {2020},
author = {Patra, R and Chandra Das, N and Mukherjee, S},
title = {Targeting human TLRs to combat COVID-19: A solution?.},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26387},
pmid = {32749702},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the pivotal mediators and regulators of host immunity. Influence of different TLRs in the immunity and immunopathology of COVID-19 infection has been demonstrated recently. Interestingly, a number of TLR agonists and antagonists currently undergoing through different phases of clinical trial usher to be a hope for us. Herein, we present the therapeutic potential of TLR-targeted intervention strategies including development of drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749701,
year = {2020},
author = {Mattiuzzi, C and Lippi, G},
title = {Serum prealbumin values predict the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {Journal of medical virology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jmv.26385},
pmid = {32749701},
issn = {1096-9071},
abstract = {Serum prealbumin assessment is a highly valuable and effective strategy for predicting disease progression in critically ill patients, as well as in those affected by chronic disorders and malnutrition.1 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32749700,
year = {2020},
author = {Ruona, KS and Mosenge, DE and Trieu, A and Saeed, SG},
title = {Consolidating clinical care during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of dental education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jdd.12365},
pmid = {32749700},
issn = {1930-7837},
}
@article {pmid32749699,
year = {2020},
author = {Peckham-Cooper, A and Coe, PO and Clarke, RW and Burke, J and Lee, MJ},
title = {The role of cholecystostomy drains in the management of acute cholecystitis during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. What can we expect?.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11907},
pmid = {32749699},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749697,
year = {2020},
author = {Yin, K and Singh, P and Drohan, B and Hughes, KS},
title = {Breast imaging, breast surgery, and cancer genetics in the age of COVID-19.},
journal = {Cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cncr.33113},
pmid = {32749697},
issn = {1097-0142},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The objective of the current study was to provide insight into the effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on breast cancer screening, breast surgery, and genetics consultations.<br><br>METHODS: User data from a risk assessment company were collected from February 2 to April 11, 2020. The use of risk assessment was used as a proxy for the use of 3 breast cancer services, namely, breast imaging, breast surgery, and genetics consultation. Changes in the use of these services during the study period were analyzed.<br><br>RESULTS: All 3 services experienced significant declines after the COVID-19 outbreak. The decline in breast surgery began during the week of March 8, followed by breast imaging and genetics consultation (both of which began during the week of March 15). Breast imaging experienced the most significant reduction, with an average weekly decline of 61.7% and a maximum decline of 94.6%. Breast surgery demonstrated an average weekly decline of 20.5%. When surgical consultation was stratified as breast cancer versus no breast cancer, the decrease among in non-breast cancer patients was more significant than that of patients with breast cancer (a decline of 66.8% vs 11.5% from the pre-COVID average weekly volume for non-breast cancer patients and patients with breast cancer, respectively). During the week of April 5, use of genetics consultations dropped to 39.9% of the average weekly volumes before COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the number of patients undergoing breast cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment.},
}
@article {pmid32749696,
year = {2020},
author = {Harrison, G},
title = {COVID-19; addressing our reality and maintaining our resilience.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11906},
pmid = {32749696},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749690,
year = {2020},
author = {Ryan Harper, E and Beamish, AJ and , },
title = {Author's response to: Frugal solutions for the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {107},
number = {9},
pages = {e333},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11797},
pmid = {32749690},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749676,
year = {2020},
author = {Zheng, C and Chen, J and Yan, C and Guo, C},
title = {Surgical management of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: preliminary experience from China.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11896},
pmid = {32749676},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749674,
year = {2020},
author = {Leyva-Moraga, FA and Leyva-Moraga, E and Leyva-Moraga, F and Juanz-González, A and Barreras-Espinoza, JA and Soualhi, A and Ocejo-Gallegos, JA and Urquijo, M and Ibarra-Celaya, JM},
title = {Effective surgical communication during the COVID-19 pandemic: sign language.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11872},
pmid = {32749674},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749673,
year = {2020},
author = {Adiamah, A and Moody, N and Blackburn, L and Dickson, E and Thompson, A and Reilly, JJ and Saunders, J and Brooks, A and , },
title = {ICON Trauma (Impact of COVID-19 on Major Trauma workload) Study.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11855},
pmid = {32749673},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749672,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, L and Lu, X and Zhang, J and Wang, G and Wang, Z},
title = {Strategies for perioperative management of general surgery in the post-COVID-19 era: experiences and recommendations from frontline surgeons in Wuhan.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11886},
pmid = {32749672},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749670,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, Y and Xu, X},
title = {Thyroid surgery during COVID-19 pandemic: is it feasible?.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11867},
pmid = {32749670},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32749662,
year = {2020},
author = {Khan, MT and Zeb, MT and Ahsan, H and Ahmed, A and Ali, A and Akhtar, K and Malik, SI and Cui, Z and Ali, S and Khan, AS and Ahmad, M and Wei, DQ and Irfan, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid and Nsp3 binding: an in silico study.},
journal = {Archives of microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00203-020-01998-6},
pmid = {32749662},
issn = {1432-072X},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the single-stranded positive-sense RNA family. The virus contains a large genome that encodes four structural proteins, small envelope (E), matrix (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), spike (S), and 16 nonstructural proteins (nsp1-16) that together, ensure replication of the virus in the host cell. Among these proteins, the interactions of N and Nsp3 are essential that links the viral genome for processing. The N proteins reside at CoV RNA synthesis sites known as the replication-transcription complexes (RTCs). The N-terminal of N has RNA-binding domain (N-NTD), capturing the RNA genome while the C-terminal domain (N-CTD) anchors the viral Nsp3, a component of RTCs. Although the structural information has been recently released, the residues involved in contacts between N-CTD with Nsp3 are still unknown. To find the residues involved in interactions between two proteins, three-dimensional structures of both proteins were retrieved and docked using HADDOCK. Residues at N-CTD were detected in interaction with L499, R500, K501, V502, P503, T504, D505, N506, Y507, I508, T509, K529, K530K532, S533 of Nsp3 and N-NTD to synthesize SARS-CoV-2 RNA. The interaction between Nsp3 and CTD of N protein may be a potential drug target. The current study provides information for better understanding the interaction between N protein and Nsp3 that could be a possible target for future inhibitors.},
}
@article {pmid32749644,
year = {2020},
author = {Monda, VM and Porcellati, F and Strollo, F and Gentile, S},
title = {ACE2 and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Might GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Play a Role?.},
journal = {Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13300-020-00898-8},
pmid = {32749644},
issn = {1869-6953},
}
@article {pmid32749643,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumar, A and Arora, A and Sharma, P and Anikhindi, SA and Bansal, N and Singla, V and Khare, S and Srivastava, A},
title = {Gastrointestinal and hepatic manifestations of Corona Virus Disease-19 and their relationship to severe clinical course: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12664-020-01058-3},
pmid = {32749643},
issn = {0975-0711},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many case series on Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) have reported gastrointestinal (GI) and hepatic manifestations in a proportion of cases; however, the data is conflicting. The relationship of GI and hepatic involvement with severe clinical course of COVID-19 has also not been explored.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The main objectives were to determine the frequency of GI and hepatic manifestations of COVID-19 and to explore their relationship with severe clinical course.<br><br>METHODS: We searched PubMed for studies published between January 1, 2020, and March 25, 2020, with data on GI and hepatic manifestations in adult patients with COVID-19. These data were compared between patients with severe and good clinical course using the random-effects model and odds ratio (OR) as the effect size. If the heterogeneity among studies was high, sensitivity analysis was performed for each outcome.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 62 studies (8301 patients) in the systematic review and 26 studies (4676 patients) in the meta-analysis. Diarrhea was the most common GI symptom (9%), followed by nausea/vomiting (5%) and abdominal pain (4%). Transaminases were abnormal in approximately 25%, bilirubin in 9%, prothrombin time (PT) in 7%, and low albumin in 60%. Up to 20% patients developed severe clinical course, and GI and hepatic factors associated with severe clinical course were as follows: diarrhea (OR 2), high aspartate aminotransferase (OR 1.4), high alanine aminotransferase (OR 1.6), high bilirubin (OR 2.4), low albumin (OR 3.4), and high PT (OR 3).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: GI and hepatic involvement should be sought in patients with COVID-19 since it portends severe clinical course. The pathogenesis of GI and hepatic involvement needs to be explored in future studies.},
}
@article {pmid32749642,
year = {2020},
author = {Baryah, ANS and Midha, V and Mahajan, R and Sood, A},
title = {Impact of Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic on gastrointestinal disorders.},
journal = {Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12664-020-01071-6},
pmid = {32749642},
issn = {0975-0711},
abstract = {Worldwide, several hospitals in different regions and countries have been affected with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19). All medical specialties including gastroenterology are impacted by COVID-19. Here, we review the bidirectional comorbidity of chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and COVID-19, including the incidence and outcome of COVID-19 in individuals with various GI disorders and the impact of COVID-19 on the course and outcome of the underlying (or comorbid) GI disorders. Currently, there is no evidence that COVID-19 is more (or less) frequent in comorbid GI disorders. It is also reassuring that the outcome of COVID-19 is unaffected by the underlying GI disorder or its treatment, though potential concerns remain in regard to the use of immunomodulatory treatments in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and liver transplant recipients. Despite these concerns, there is now agreement among experts that ongoing immunomodulatory treatments may not be interrupted in individuals with IBD during the COVID-19 pandemic. Caution, however, may be exercised with the use of corticosteroids in the management of IBD. In addition, COVID-19 does not appear to impact the manifestations, course, outcome, and treatment of comorbid GI disorders, e.g. IBD. Decompensation of liver cirrhosis is, however, possible during COVID-19 episodes. A direct concern, however, might relate to the potential transmission of the virus through fecal microbiota transplants.},
}
@article {pmid32749634,
year = {2020},
author = {de Las Heras, B and Saini, KS and Boyle, F and Ades, F and de Azambuja, E and Bozovic-Spasojevic, I and Romano, M and Capelan, M and Prasad, R and Pattu, P and Massard, C and Portera, C and Saini, ML and Singh, BP and Venkitaraman, R and McNally, R and Leone, M and Grande, E and Gupta, S},
title = {Cancer Treatment and Research During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experience of the First 6 Months.},
journal = {Oncology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40487-020-00124-2},
pmid = {32749634},
issn = {2366-1089},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a significant impact on patients with underlying malignancy. In this article, we summarize emerging data related to patients with cancer and COVID-19. Among patients with COVID-19, a higher proportion have an underlying diagnosis of cancer than seen in the general population. Also, patients with malignancy are likely to be more vulnerable than the general population to contracting COVID-19. Mortality is significantly higher in patients with both cancer and COVID-19 compared with the overall COVID-19-positive population. The early months of the pandemic saw a decrease in cancer screening and diagnosis, as well as postponement of standard treatments, which could lead to excess deaths from cancer in the future.},
}
@article {pmid32749615,
year = {2020},
author = {Milone, M and Carrano, FM and Letić, E and Shamiyeh, A and Forgione, A and Eom, BW and Müller-Stich, BP and Ponz, CB and Kontovounisios, C and Preda, D and Ignjatovic, D and Cassinotti, E and Yiannakopoulou, E and Theodoropoulos, G and Faria, G and Morelli, L and Gorter-Stam, M and Markar, S and Arulampalam, T and Velthoven, T and Antoniou, SA and Francis, NK},
title = {Surgical challenges and research priorities in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: EAES membership survey.},
journal = {Surgical endoscopy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00464-020-07835-7},
pmid = {32749615},
issn = {1432-2218},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Healthcare systems and general surgeons are being challenged by the current pandemic. The European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES) aimed to evaluate surgeons' experiences and perspectives, to identify gaps in knowledge, to record shortcomings in resources and to register research priorities.<br><br>METHODS: An ad hoc web-based survey of EAES members and affiliates was developed by the EAES Research Committee. The questionnaire consisted of 69 items divided into the following sections: (Ι) demographics, (II) institutional burdens and management strategies, and (III) analysis of resource, knowledge, and evidence gaps. Descriptive statistics were summarized as frequencies, medians, ranges,, and interquartile ranges, as appropriate.<br><br>RESULTS: The survey took place between March 25th and April 16th with a total of 550 surgeons from 79 countries. Eighty-one percent had to postpone elective cases or suspend their practice and 35% assumed roles not related to their primary expertise. One-fourth of respondents reported having encountered abdominal pathologies in COVID-19-positive patients, most frequently acute appendicitis (47% of respondents). The effect of protective measures in surgical or endoscopic procedures on infected patients, the effect of endoscopic surgery on infected patients, and the infectivity of positive patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery were prioritized as knowledge gaps and research priorities.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Perspectives and priorities of EAES members in the era of the pandemic are hereto summarized. Research evidence is urgently needed to effectively respond to challenges arisen from the pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32749607,
year = {2020},
author = {Martin-Villares, C and Perez Molina-Ramirez, C and Bartolome-Benito, M and Bernal-Sprekelsen, M and , },
title = {Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain.},
journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06220-3},
pmid = {32749607},
issn = {1434-4726},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The question of an optimal strategy and outcomes in COVID-19 tracheostomy has not been answered yet. The critical focus in our case study is to evaluate the outcomes of tracheostomy on intubated COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: A multicentric prospective observational study of 1890 COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy across 120 hospitals was conducted over 7 weeks in Spain (March 28 to May 15, 2020). Data were collected with an innovative approach: instant messaging via WhatsApp.<br><br>OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: complications, achieved weaning and decannulation and survival.<br><br>RESULTS: We performed 1,461 surgical (81.3%) and 429 percutaneous tracheostomies. Median timing of tracheostomy was 12 days (4-42 days) since orotracheal intubation. A close follow-up of 1616/1890 (85.5%) patients at the cut-off time of 1-month follow-up showed that in 842 (52.1%) patients, weaning was achieved, while 391 (24.2%) were still under mechanical ventilation and 383 (23.7%) patients had died from COVID-19. Decannulation among those in whom weaning was successful (n = 842) was achieved in 683 (81%) patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest cohort of COVID-19 patients undergoing tracheostomy. The critical focus is the unprecedented amount of tracheostomies: 1890 in 7 weeks. Weaning could be achieved in over half of the patients with follow-up. Almost one out of four tracheotomized patients died from COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32749606,
year = {2020},
author = {Spadera, L and Viola, P and Pisani, D and Scarpa, A and Malanga, D and Sorrentino, G and Madini, E and Laria, C and Aragona, T and Leopardi, G and Maggiore, G and Ciriolo, M and Boccuto, L and Pizzolato, R and Abenavoli, L and Cassandro, C and Ralli, M and Cassandro, E and Chiarella, G},
title = {Sudden olfactory loss as an early marker of COVID-19: a nationwide Italian survey.},
journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06252-9},
pmid = {32749606},
issn = {1434-4726},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The presence of many asymptomatic COVID-19 cases may increase the risks of disease dissemination, mainly for physicians. There are numerous reports on the frequent findings of sudden anosmia or hyposmia, before or at the same time of the typical COVID-19 symptoms onset. The aim of this study was to verify the association of olfactory impairment and COVID-19, providing a basis for subsequent research in the field of COVID-19 clinical heterogeneity.<br><br>METHODS: We developed a 15-item online questionnaire on &quot;Sudden Olfactory Loss (SOL) and COVID-19&quot; that was administered during March 2020 to Italian general practitioners registered to a social media group.<br><br>RESULTS: One hundred and eighty responses were received. SOL was identified as a significant sign of infection in COVID-19 patients, mainly aged between 30 and 40 years, even in the absence of other symptoms. SOL was present as an initial symptom in 46.7% of subjects, and in 16.7%, it was the only symptom. Among the COVID-19 confirmed cases, SOL occurred as the only symptom in 19.2% of patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: SOL could represent a possible early symptom in otherwise asymptomatic COVID-19 subjects. Subjects affected by SOL should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases.<br><br>LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.},
}
@article {pmid32749602,
year = {2020},
author = {Marini, A and Vogrig, A and Bax, F and Pellitteri, G and Surcinelli, A and Valente, M and Gigli, GL},
title = {Reply to &quot;Guillain‑Barré syndrome in the COVID‑19 era another occasional cluster?&quot;: Insights from two distinct clusters of Guillain-Barré syndrome detected in Europe in the COVID-19 era.},
journal = {Journal of neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10006-2},
pmid = {32749602},
issn = {1432-1459},
}
@article {pmid32749601,
year = {2020},
author = {Romagnolo, A and Balestrino, R and Imbalzano, G and Ciccone, G and Riccardini, F and Artusi, CA and Bozzali, M and Ferrero, B and Montalenti, E and Montanaro, E and Rizzone, MG and Vaula, G and Zibetti, M and Lopiano, L},
title = {Neurological comorbidity and severity of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10123-y},
pmid = {32749601},
issn = {1432-1459},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Neurological symptoms of COVID-19 patients have been recently described. However, no comprehensive data have been reported on pre-existing neurological comorbidities and COVID-19. This study aims at evaluating the prevalence of neurological comorbidities, and their association with COVID-19 severity.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated all consecutive patients admitted to the Emergency Room (ER) of our hospital between the 3rd March and the 14th April 2020, and diagnosed with COVID-19. Data on neurological and non-neurological diseases were extracted, as well as data on demographic characteristics and on severity degree of COVID-19. The prevalence of neurological comorbidities was calculated, and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between neurological diseases and COVID-19 severity.<br><br>RESULTS: We included 344 patients. Neurological comorbidities accounted for 22.4% of cases, with cerebrovascular diseases and cognitive impairment being the most frequent. Neurological comorbidity resulted independently associated with severe COVID-19 (OR 2.305; p = 0.012), as well as male gender (p = 0.001), older age (p = 0.001), neoplastic diseases (p = 0.039), and arterial hypertension (p = 0.045). When neurological comorbidity was associated with non-neurological comorbidities, the OR for severe COVID-19 rose to 7.394 (p = 0.005). Neurological patients, in particular cerebrovascular and cognitively impaired ones, received more respiratory support indication.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Neurological comorbidities represent a significant determinant of COVID-19 severity, deserving a thorough evaluation since the earliest phases of infection. The vulnerability of patients affected by neurological diseases should suggest a greater attention in targeting this population for proactive viral screening.},
}
@article {pmid32749593,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, C and Han, M and Ye, J and Gao, Y and Liu, Z and He, T and Li, T and Xu, M and Zhou, L and Zou, G and Lu, M and Zhang, Z},
title = {Discrimination of False Negative Results in RT-PCR Detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in Clinical Specimens by Using an Internal Reference.},
journal = {Virologica Sinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12250-020-00273-8},
pmid = {32749593},
issn = {1995-820X},
abstract = {Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is an essential method for specific diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Unfortunately, false negative test results are often reported. In this study, we attempted to determine the principal causes leading to false negative results of RT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in respiratory tract specimens. Multiple sputum and throat swab specimens from 161 confirmed COVID-19 patients were tested with a commercial fluorescent RT-PCR kit targeting the ORF1ab and N regions of SARS-CoV-2 genome. The RNA level of a cellular housekeeping gene ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p30 (RPP30) in these specimens was also assessed by RT-PCR. Data for a total of 1052 samples were retrospectively re-analyzed and a strong association between positive results in SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests and high level of RPP30 RNA in respiratory tract specimens was revealed. By using the ROC-AUC analysis, we identified Ct cutoff values for RPP30 RT-PCR which predicted false negative results for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR with high sensitivity (95.03%-95.26%) and specificity (83.72%-98.55%) for respective combination of specimen type and amplification reaction. Using these Ct cutoff values, false negative results could be reliably identified. Therefore, the presence of cellular materials, likely infected host cells, are essential for correct SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection by RT-PCR in patient specimens. RPP30 could serve as an indicator for cellular content, or a surrogate indicator for specimen quality. In addition, our results demonstrated that false negativity accounted for a vast majority of contradicting results in SARS-CoV-2 RNA test by RT-PCR.},
}
@article {pmid32749592,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, J and Shuai, L and Wang, C and Liu, R and He, X and Zhang, X and Sun, Z and Shan, D and Ge, J and Wang, X and Hua, R and Zhong, G and Wen, Z and Bu, Z},
title = {Mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tract of BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice.},
journal = {Protein &amp; cell},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13238-020-00767-x},
pmid = {32749592},
issn = {1674-8018},
}
@article {pmid32749576,
year = {2020},
author = {Yusuf, GT and Wong, A and Rao, D and Tee, A and Fang, C and Sidhu, PS},
title = {The use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in COVID-19 lung imaging.},
journal = {Journal of ultrasound},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40477-020-00517-z},
pmid = {32749576},
issn = {1876-7931},
abstract = {Lung ultrasound has become an essential tool for rapid bedside assessment in critically unwell patients, proving helpful in assessment of COVID-19 due to logistics of cross-sectional imaging. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) further characterizes sonographic features of COVID-19 as multiple areas of infarction, a finding not reproducible on other widely available imaging modalities. CEUS also has the benefit of being cheap, radiation-free, without risk of nephrotoxicity, and can be performed at the bedside. It is predicted that lung CEUS in COVID-19 may help guide prognosis and management. We describe three cases of CEUS in COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32749568,
year = {2020},
author = {Russell, BS and Hutchison, M and Tambling, R and Tomkunas, AJ and Horton, AL},
title = {Initial Challenges of Caregiving During COVID-19: Caregiver Burden, Mental Health, and the Parent-Child Relationship.},
journal = {Child psychiatry and human development},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10578-020-01037-x},
pmid = {32749568},
issn = {1573-3327},
abstract = {Research confirms that the mental health burdens following community-wide disasters are extensive, with pervasive impacts noted in individuals and families. It is clear that child disaster outcomes are worst among children of highly distressed caregivers, or those caregivers who experience their own negative mental health outcomes from the disaster. The current study used path analysis to examine concurrent patterns of parents' (n = 420) experience from a national sample during the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 pandemic. The results of a multi-group path analysis, organized by parent gender, indicate good fit to the data [X2(10) = 159.04, p < .01]. Results indicate significant linkages between parents' caregiver burden, mental health, and perceptions of children's stress; these in turn are significantly linked to child-parent closeness and conflict, indicating possible spillover effects for depressed parents and compensatory effects for anxious parents. The impact of millions of families sheltering in place during the COVID-19 pandemic for an undefined period of time may lead to unprecedented impacts on individuals' mental health with unknown impacts on child-parent relationships. These impacts may be heightened for families whose caregivers experience increased mental health symptoms, as was the case for fathers in the current sample.},
}
@article {pmid32749558,
year = {2020},
author = {Seiffert, M and Brunner, FJ and Remmel, M and Thomalla, G and Marschall, U and L'Hoest, H and Acar, L and Debus, ES and Blankenberg, S and Gerloff, C and Behrendt, CA},
title = {Temporal trends in the presentation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany: an analysis of health insurance claims.},
journal = {Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00392-020-01723-9},
pmid = {32749558},
issn = {1861-0692},
abstract = {AIMS: The first reports of declining hospital admissions for major cardiovascular emergencies during the COVID-19 pandemic attracted public attention. However, systematic evidence on this subject is sparse. We aimed to investigate the rate of emergent hospital admissions, subsequent invasive treatments and comorbidities during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany.<br><br>METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a retrospective analysis of health insurance claims data from the second largest insurance fund in Germany, BARMER. Patients hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, acute limb ischemia, aortic rupture, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) between January 1, 2019, and May 31, 2020, were included. Admission rates per 100,000 insured, invasive treatments and comorbidities were compared from January-May 2019 (pre-COVID) to January-May 2020 (COVID). A total of 115,720 hospitalizations were included in the current analysis (51.3% females, mean age 72.9 years). Monthly admission rates declined from 78.6/100,000 insured (pre-COVID) to 70.6/100,000 (COVID). The lowest admission rate was observed in April 2020 (61.6/100,000). Administration rates for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (7.3-6.6), non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (16.8-14.6), acute limb ischemia (5.1-4.6), stroke (35.0-32.5) and TIA (13.7-11.9) decreased from pre-COVID to COVID. Baseline comorbidities and the percentage of these patients treated with interventional or open-surgical procedures remained similar over time across all entities. In-hospital mortality in hospitalizations for stroke increased from pre-COVID to COVID (8.5-9.8%).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Admission rates for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies declined during the pandemic in Germany, while patients' comorbidities and treatment allocations remained unchanged. Further investigation is warranted to identify underlying reasons and potential implications on patients' outcomes.},
}
@article {pmid32749557,
year = {2020},
author = {Schwarz, V and Mahfoud, F and Lauder, L and Reith, W and Behnke, S and Smola, S and Rissland, J and Pfuhl, T and Scheller, B and Böhm, M and Ewen, S},
title = {Decline of emergency admissions for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events after the outbreak of COVID-19.},
journal = {Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00392-020-01688-9},
pmid = {32749557},
issn = {1861-0692},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The spread of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the guidance from authorities for social distancing and media reporting lead to significant uncertainty in Germany. Concerns have been expressed regarding the underdiagnosing of harmful diseases. We explored the rates of emergency presentations for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and acute cerebrovascular events (ACVE) before and after spread of SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>METHODS: We analyzed all-cause visits at a tertiary university emergency department and admissions for ACS and ACVE before (calendar weeks 1-9, 2020) and after (calendar weeks 10-16, 2020) the first coronavirus disease (COVID-19) case in the region of the Saarland, Germany. The data were compared with the same period of the previous year.<br><br>RESULTS: In 2020 an average of 346 patients per week presented at the emergency department whereas in 2019 an average of 400 patients presented up to calendar week 16 (p = 0.018; whole year 2019 = 395 patients per week). After the first COVID-19 diagnosis in the region, emergency department visit volume decreased by 30% compared with the same period in 2019 (p = 0.0012). Admissions due to ACS decreased by 41% (p = 0.0023 for all; Δ - 71% (p = 0.007) for unstable angina, Δ - 25% (p = 0.42) for myocardial infarction with ST-elevation and Δ - 17% (p = 0.28) without ST-elevation) compared with the same period in 2019 and decreased from 142 patients in calendar weeks 1-9 to 62 patients in calendar weeks 10-16. ACVE decreased numerically by 20% [p = 0.25 for all; transient ischemic attack: Δ - 32% (p = 0.18), ischemic stroke: Δ - 23% (p = 0.48), intracerebral haemorrhage: Δ + 57% (p = 0.4)]. There was no significant change in ACVE per week (p = 0.7) comparing calendar weeks 1-9 (213 patients) and weeks 10-16 (147 patients). Testing of 3756 samples was performed to detect 58 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (prevalence 1,54%, thereof one patient with myocardial and two with cerebral ischemia) up to calendar week 16 in 2020.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a significant decrease in all-cause admission and admissions due to cardiovascular events in the emergency department. Regarding acute cerebrovascular events there was a numerical decrease but no significant difference.},
}
@article {pmid32749549,
year = {2020},
author = {de Lima Filho, BF and Bessa, NPOS and Fernandes, ACT and da Silva Patrício, ÍF and de Oliveira Alves, N and da Costa Cavalcanti, FA},
title = {Knowledge levels among elderly people with Diabetes Mellitus concerning COVID-19: an educational intervention via a teleservice.},
journal = {Acta diabetologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00592-020-01580-y},
pmid = {32749549},
issn = {1432-5233},
abstract = {AIM: To investigate knowledge levels concerning COVID-19 in elderly patients with T2DM.<br><br>METHODS: This cross-sectional, quantitative, observational, and descriptive study was undertaken among elderly individuals with T2DM involved in a body balance rehabilitation program that had been suspended due to social isolation. The study participants comprised elderly individuals with T2DM, contactable using fixed or mobile telephones. Data concerning participants' socioeconomic variables and knowledge of COVID-19 were collated, using a Brazil Ministry of Health guidelines checklist. Mann-Whitney and Spearman's correlation tests were used to analyze their responses.<br><br>RESULTS: Of 30 elderly participants, 76.7% were women and 63.3% were married. The average age was 69.96 ± 4.46 years. The most cited information medium was television (96.6%). Of a possible 24 correct responses on the checklist, the median correct response score was 7.5. No significant relationship was observed between the total checklist score and the variables studied.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Elderly participants did not have in-depth knowledge concerning COVID-19, which suggests that their knowledge sources may be deficient or that their capacity to retain information was inadequate.},
}
@article {pmid32749531,
year = {2020},
author = {Jung, M and Rujescu, D},
title = {Immune cell puzzle COVID-19: how do SARS-CoV infections contribute to psychiatric diseases?.},
journal = {European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00406-020-01179-y},
pmid = {32749531},
issn = {1433-8491},
}
@article {pmid32749530,
year = {2020},
author = {Caro-Dominguez, P and Shelmerdine, SC and Toso, S and Secinaro, A and Toma, P and Damasio, MB and Navallas, M and Riaza-Martin, L and Gomez-Pastrana, D and Ghadimi Mahani, M and Desoky, SM and Ugas Charcape, CF and Almanza-Aranda, J and Ucar, ME and Lovrenski, J and Gorkem, SB and Alexopoulou, E and Ciet, P and van Schuppen, J and Ducou le Pointe, H and Goo, HW and Kellenberger, CJ and Raissaki, M and Owens, CM and Hirsch, FW and van Rijn, RR and , },
title = {Thoracic imaging of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children: a series of 91 cases.},
journal = {Pediatric radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00247-020-04747-5},
pmid = {32749530},
issn = {1432-1998},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pulmonary infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide to become a global pandemic.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To collect paediatric COVID-19 cases worldwide and to summarize both clinical and imaging findings in children who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected by completion of a standardised case report form submitted to the office of the European Society of Paediatric Radiology from March 12 to April 8, 2020. Chest imaging findings in children younger than 18 years old who tested positive on polymerase chain reaction testing for SARS-CoV-2 were included. Representative imaging studies were evaluated by multiple senior paediatric radiologists from this group with expertise in paediatric chest imaging.<br><br>RESULTS: Ninety-one children were included (49 males; median age: 6.1 years, interquartile range: 1.0 to 13.0 years, range: 9 days-17 years). Most had mild symptoms, mostly fever and cough, and one-third had coexisting medical conditions. Eleven percent of children presented with severe symptoms and required intensive unit care. Chest radiographs were available in 89% of patients and 10% of them were normal. Abnormal chest radiographs showed mainly perihilar bronchial wall thickening (58%) and/or airspace consolidation (35%). Computed tomography (CT) scans were available in 26% of cases, with the most common abnormality being ground glass opacities (88%) and/or airspace consolidation (58%). Tree in bud opacities were seen in 6 of 24 CTs (25%). Lung ultrasound and chest magnetic resonance imaging were rarely utilized.<br><br>CONCLUSION: It seems unnecessary to perform chest imaging in children to diagnose COVID-19. Chest radiography can be used in symptomatic children to assess airway infection or pneumonia. CT should be reserved for when there is clinical concern to assess for possible complications, especially in children with coexisting medical conditions.},
}
@article {pmid32749496,
year = {2020},
author = {Lurie, N and Sharfstein, JM and Goodman, JL},
title = {The Development of COVID-19 Vaccines: Safeguards Needed.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {5},
pages = {439-440},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.12461},
pmid = {32749496},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32749495,
year = {2020},
author = {Klompas, M and Baker, MA and Rhee, C},
title = {Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Theoretical Considerations and Available Evidence.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {5},
pages = {441-442},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.12458},
pmid = {32749495},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32749486,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, Z},
title = {Errors in Trial of Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {5},
pages = {518-519},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.12607},
pmid = {32749486},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32749479,
year = {2020},
author = {Levitt, L},
title = {COVID-19 and Massive Job Losses Will Test the US Health Insurance Safety Net.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {5},
pages = {431-432},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.12248},
pmid = {32749479},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32749474,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Correction to Data in Trial of Convalescent Plasma Treatment for COVID-19.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {324},
number = {5},
pages = {519},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.13216},
pmid = {32749474},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32749472,
year = {2020},
author = {Heck, TG and Ludwig, MS and Frizzo, MN and Rasia-Filho, AA and Homem de Bittencourt, PI},
title = {Suppressed anti-inflammatory heat shock response in high-risk COVID-19 patients: lessons from basic research (inclusive bats), light on conceivable therapies.},
journal = {Clinical science (London, England : 1979)},
volume = {134},
number = {15},
pages = {1991-2017},
doi = {10.1042/CS20200596},
pmid = {32749472},
issn = {1470-8736},
abstract = {The major risk factors to fatal outcome in COVID-19 patients, i.e., elderliness and pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), share in common the characteristic of being chronic degenerative diseases of inflammatory nature associated with defective heat shock response (HSR). The molecular components of the HSR, the principal metabolic pathway leading to the physiological resolution of inflammation, is an anti-inflammatory biochemical pathway that involves molecular chaperones of the heat shock protein (HSP) family during homeostasis-threatening stressful situations (e.g., thermal, oxidative and metabolic stresses). The entry of SARS coronaviruses in target cells, on the other hand, aggravates the already-jeopardized HSR of this specific group of patients. In addition, cellular counterattack against virus involves interferon (IFN)-mediated inflammatory responses. Therefore, individuals with impaired HSR cannot resolve virus-induced inflammatory burst physiologically, being susceptible to exacerbated forms of inflammation, which leads to a fatal &quot;cytokine storm&quot;. Interestingly, some species of bats that are natural reservoirs of zoonotic viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, possess an IFN-based antiviral inflammatory response perpetually activated but do not show any sign of disease or cytokine storm. This is possible because bats present a constitutive HSR that is by far (hundreds of times) more intense and rapid than that of human, being associated with a high core temperature. Similarly in humans, fever is a physiological inducer of HSR while antipyretics, which block the initial phase of inflammation, impair the resolution phase of inflammation through the HSR. These findings offer a rationale for the reevaluation of patient care and fever reduction in SARS, including COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32749466,
year = {2020},
author = {Matsuo, T and Kobayashi, D and Taki, F and Sakamoto, F and Uehara, Y and Mori, N and Fukui, T},
title = {Prevalence of Health Care Worker Burnout During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Japan.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {3},
number = {8},
pages = {e2017271},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17271},
pmid = {32749466},
issn = {2574-3805},
}
@article {pmid32749465,
year = {2020},
author = {Kaufman, HW and Chen, Z and Niles, J and Fesko, Y},
title = {Changes in the Number of US Patients With Newly Identified Cancer Before and During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.},
journal = {JAMA network open},
volume = {3},
number = {8},
pages = {e2017267},
doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17267},
pmid = {32749465},
issn = {2574-3805},
}
@article {pmid32749458,
year = {2020},
author = {von Tigerstrom, BJ and Halabi, SF and Wilson, KR},
title = {The International Health Regulations (2005) and the re-establishment of international travel amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of travel medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jtm/taaa127},
pmid = {32749458},
issn = {1708-8305},
abstract = {As countries modify or lift travel restrictions implemented in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, some variation in approaches is to be expected, but harmonization is important to re-establishing international travel. Despite challenges, the International Health Regulations (2005) and WHO recommendations can provide a balance of consistency and flexibility.},
}
@article {pmid32749455,
year = {2020},
author = {Magnavita, N and Sacco, A and Nucera, G and Chirico, F},
title = {First aid during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Occupational medicine (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/occmed/kqaa148},
pmid = {32749455},
issn = {1471-8405},
}
@article {pmid32749452,
year = {2020},
author = {Allison, TA and Oh, A and Harrison, KL},
title = {Extreme Vulnerability of Home Care Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic-A Call to Action.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3937},
pmid = {32749452},
issn = {2168-6114},
}
@article {pmid32749450,
year = {2020},
author = {Sterling, MR and Tseng, E and Poon, A and Cho, J and Avgar, AC and Kern, LM and Ankuda, CK and Dell, N},
title = {Experiences of Home Health Care Workers in New York City During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic: A Qualitative Analysis.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3930},
pmid = {32749450},
issn = {2168-6114},
abstract = {Importance: Home health care workers care for community-dwelling adults and play an important role in supporting patients with confirmed and suspected coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who remain at home. These workers are mostly middle-aged women and racial/ethnic minorities who typically earn low wages. Despite being integral to patient care, these workers are often neglected by the medical community and society at large; thus, developing a health care system capable of addressing the COVID-19 crisis and future pandemics requires a better understanding of the experiences of home health care workers.<br><br>Objective: To understand the experiences of home health care workers caring for patients in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>From March to April 2020, a qualitative study with 1-to-1 semistructured interviews of 33 home health care workers in New York City was conducted in partnership with the 1199SEIU Home Care Industry Education Fund, a benefit fund of the 1199 Service Employees International Union United Healthcare Workers East, the largest health care union in the US. Purposeful sampling was used to identify and recruit home health care workers.<br><br>Main Outcomes and Measures: Audio-recorded interviews were professionally transcribed and analyzed using grounded theory. Major themes and subthemes were identified.<br><br>Results: In total, 33 home health care workers employed by 24 unique home care agencies across the 5 boroughs of New York City participated. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 47.6 (14.0) years, 32 (97%) were women, 21 (64%) were Black participants, and 6 (18%) were Hispanic participants. Five major themes emerged: home health care workers (1) were on the front lines of the COVID-19 pandemic but felt invisible; (2) reported a heightened risk for virus transmission; (3) received varying amounts of information, supplies, and training from their home care agencies; (4) relied on nonagency alternatives for support, including information and supplies; and (5) were forced to make difficult trade-offs in their work and personal lives.<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: In this qualitative analysis, home health care workers reported providing frontline essential care, often at personal risk, during the COVID-19 pandemic. They experienced challenges that exacerbated the inequities they face as a marginalized workforce. Interventions and policies to better support these frontline health care professionals are urgently needed.},
}
@article {pmid32749449,
year = {2020},
author = {Kibbe, MR},
title = {Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Manuscript Submissions by Women.},
journal = {JAMA surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamasurg.2020.3917},
pmid = {32749449},
issn = {2168-6262},
}
@article {pmid32749251,
year = {2020},
author = {Kundi, H and Balcı, MM and Güngörer, B and Yeşiltepe, M and Coşkun, N and Sürel, AA},
title = {Trends in acute myocardial infarction admissions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara, Turkey.},
journal = {Anatolian journal of cardiology},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
pages = {81-82},
doi = {10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.70206},
pmid = {32749251},
issn = {2149-2271},
}
@article {pmid32749247,
year = {2020},
author = {Istvan-Adorjan, S and Ágoston, G and Varga, A and Cotoi, OS and Frigy, A},
title = {Pathophysiological background and clinical practice of lung ultrasound in COVID-19 patients: A short review.},
journal = {Anatolian journal of cardiology},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
pages = {76-80},
doi = {10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.33645},
pmid = {32749247},
issn = {2149-2271},
abstract = {The pathological consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) are multiple, with interstitial pneumonia and consecutive respiratory failure being the most dangerous clinical manifestations. Timely diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary involvement need a comprehensive imaging strategy, which includes standard chest X-ray, chest computed tomography and lung ultrasound (LUS). In the last 10 years, LUS has become a useful, bedside and easily reproducible tool for lung examination. In the first part of this review, we present the pathophysiological background, technical principles and practical aspects of LUS in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the second part, the main echographic findings, their interpretation, and the clinical applications of LUS are overviewed. The review ends with the presentation of our work methodology, illustrated with images recorded from COVID-19 patients in our department.},
}
@article {pmid32749243,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, Y},
title = {Effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the cardiovascular system: More issues to be addressed.},
journal = {Anatolian journal of cardiology},
volume = {24},
number = {2},
pages = {121-123},
doi = {10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2020.11813},
pmid = {32749243},
issn = {2149-2271},
}
@article {pmid32749232,
year = {2020},
author = {Rényi, G and Vásárhelyi, B},
title = {Gyorstesztek értéke a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés kimutatásában.},
journal = {Orvosi hetilap},
volume = {161},
number = {33},
pages = {1391-1392},
doi = {10.1556/650.2020.33M},
pmid = {32749232},
issn = {1788-6120},
}
@article {pmid32749221,
year = {2020},
author = {Recinella, G and Marasco, G and Di Battista, A and Bianchi, G and Zoli, M},
title = {Prognostic role of nutritional status in elderly patients hospitalized for COVID-19.},
journal = {Medical hypotheses},
volume = {144},
number = {},
pages = {110016},
doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110016},
pmid = {32749221},
issn = {1532-2777},
}
@article {pmid32749177,
year = {2020},
author = {Shang, H and Bai, T and Chen, Y and Huang, C and Zhang, S and Yang, P and Zhang, L and Hou, X},
title = {Outcomes and implications of diarrhea in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/00365521.2020.1800078},
pmid = {32749177},
issn = {1502-7708},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Diarrhea was not uncommon in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the significance remains undetermined.<br><br>METHODS: This retrospective study included 157 diarrhea cases form 564 hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were admitted to Wuhan Union Hospital from January 20 to February 29, 2020. Clinical characteristics, the course and the outcome of patients with diarrhea were analyzed. The correlation between diarrhea and fecal presence of coronavirus was also determined.<br><br>RESULTS: The overall morbidity of diarrhea was 27.8% (157/564) in COVID-19 patients. Among them, 38 cases presented only with diarrhea, and 119 cases in both diarrhea and respiratory symptoms. Patients with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms had higher levels of inflammatory activity, longer hospital stay (27.5 vs. 23.0 vs. 22.0 days, p = .029) and higher odds ratio of mortality (3.2 times and 2.2 times, respectively) than those with diarrhea only or respiratory symptoms only. However, patients with diarrhea had longer time from onset to admission (14.5 days vs. 11.0 days, p = .04), higher positive viral RNA in stool (80.0% vs. 52.4%, p = .016) than those with both diarrhea and respiratory symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Diarrhea caused by high enteric viral burden may lead to long course and poor outcome in COVID-19 patients. The patients with diarrhea and respiratory symptoms were prone to serious condition, and had worse outcomes. However, the patients with diarrhea alone showed mild illness but delayed health-seeking.},
}
@article {pmid32749165,
year = {2020},
author = {Darras, KE and Spouge, RJ and de Bruin, ABH and Sedlic, A and Hague, C and Forster, BB},
title = {Undergraduate Radiology Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review of Teaching and Learning Strategies.},
journal = {Canadian Association of Radiologists journal = Journal l'Association canadienne des radiologistes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {846537120944821},
doi = {10.1177/0846537120944821},
pmid = {32749165},
issn = {1488-2361},
abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has altered how medical education is delivered, worldwide. Didactic sessions have transitioned to electronic/online platforms and clinical teaching opportunities are limited. These changes will affect how radiology is taught to medical students at both the pre-clerkship (ie, year 1 and 2) and clinical (ie, year 3 and 4) levels. In the pre-clerkship learning environment, medical students are typically exposed to radiology through didactic lectures, integrated anatomy laboratories, case-based learning, and ultrasound clinical skills sessions. In the clinical learning environment, medical students primarily shadow radiologists and radiology residents and attend radiology resident teaching sessions. These formats of radiology education, which have been the tenets of the specialty, pose significant challenges during the pandemic. This article reviews how undergraduate radiology education is affected by COVID-19 and explores solutions for teaching and learning based on e-learning and blended learning theory.},
}
@article {pmid32749151,
year = {2020},
author = {Krishnamoorthy, P and Croft, LB and Ro, R and Anastasius, M and Zhao, W and Giustino, G and Argulian, E and Goldman, ME and Sharma, SK and Kini, A and Lerakis, S},
title = {Biventricular strain by speckle tracking echocardiography in COVID-19: findings and possible prognostic implications.},
journal = {Future cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2217/fca-2020-0100},
pmid = {32749151},
issn = {1744-8298},
abstract = {The COVID-19 infection adversely affects the cardiovascular system. Transthoracic echocardiography has demonstrated diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic utility. We report biventricular myocardial strain in COVID-19. Methods: Biventricular strain measurements were performed for 12 patients. Patients who were discharged were compared with those who needed intubation and/or died. Results: Seven patients were discharged and five died or needed intubation. Right ventricular strain parameters were decreased in patients with poor outcomes compared with those discharged. Left ventricular strain was decreased in both groups but was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Right ventricular strain was decreased in patients with poor outcomes and left ventricular strain was decreased regardless of outcome. Right ventricular strain measurements may be important for risk stratification and prognosis. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.},
}
@article {pmid32749095,
year = {2020},
author = {Haeryfar, SMM},
title = {MAIT Cells in COVID-19: Heroes, Villains, or Both?.},
journal = {Critical reviews in immunology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {173-184},
doi = {10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2020034943},
pmid = {32749095},
issn = {1040-8401},
abstract = {Mucosa-associated invariant T cells (MAIT cells) are unconventional, innate-like T lymphocytes with remarkable effector and immunoregulatory functions. They are abundant in the human peripheral blood and also enriched in mucosal layers and in the lungs, SARS-CoV-2's main ports of entry. Once activated, MAIT cells produce inflammatory cytokines and cytolytic effector molecules quickly and copiously. MAIT cells are best known for their antibacterial and antifungal properties. However, they are also activated during viral infections, typically in a cytokine-dependent manner, which may promote antiviral immunity. On the other hand, it is plausible to assume active roles for MAIT cells in infection-provoked cytokine storms and tissue damage. SARS-CoV-2 infection may be asymptomatic, mild, severe, or even fatal, depending on sex, age, the presence of preexisting morbidities, and the individual's immunological competence, or lack thereof, among other factors. Based on the available literature, I propose that MAIT cells regulate the host response to SARS-CoV-2 and constitute attractive targets in the prevention or clinical management of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and some of its complications. Unlike mainstream T cells, MAIT cells are restricted by a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule called MHC-related protein 1 (MR1). Therefore, MR1 ligands should modify MAIT cell functions relatively uniformly in genetically diverse subjects and may be tested as immunotherapeutic agents or vaccine adjuvants in future studies.},
}
@article {pmid32749094,
year = {2020},
author = {Jewett, A},
title = {Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 Target and Disable Natural Killer Cells: Core Immune Effectors for Fighting the Disease.},
journal = {Critical reviews in immunology},
volume = {40},
number = {2},
pages = {167-171},
doi = {10.1615/CritRevImmunol.2020034441},
pmid = {32749094},
issn = {1040-8401},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) poses a great public health challenge worldwide. While studies on the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on immune cell function continue to progress, we know very little about the significance of depletion of key immune effectors by the virus in the mortality and morbidity of the disease. This commentary reviews what is known thus far about the effects of the virus on natural killer (NK) cells, the major cell type responsible for the destruction and removal of virally infected cells. It also highlights the necessity of comprehensive studies of NK cells in COVID-19 patients and animal models to better understand the role and significance of reported NK depletion and functional inactivation in disease morbidity and mortality, in the hopes of designing effective therapeutic interventions for the disease.},
}
@article {pmid32749040,
year = {2020},
author = {Falces-Romero, I and Ruiz-Bastián, M and Díaz-Pollán, B and Maseda, E and García-Rodríguez, J and , },
title = {Isolation of Aspergillus spp. in respiratory samples of patients with COVID-19 in a Spanish tertiary care hospital.},
journal = {Mycoses},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/myc.13155},
pmid = {32749040},
issn = {1439-0507},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a complication of respiratory bacterial and viral infections such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).<br><br>PATIENTS/METHODS: In University Hospital La Paz (Madrid, Spain), we reviewed the clinical and demographic characteristics of 10 patients with positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) PCR and Aspergillus spp. isolate in respiratory samples. We also recovered results of galactomannan tests in serum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples.<br><br>RESULTS: Eight male and two female from 51 to 76 years were recovered. They had reported risk factors to develop IPA (hematological malignancies, immunosuppression, diabetes, obesity, intensive care unit stay, among others). Azole susceptible Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated in nine patients and Aspergillus nidulans was isolated in one patient. Only one case was classified as probable aspergillosis, seven cases as putative aspergillosis, and two cases were not classifiable. Eight patients received antifungal treatment. Seven patients died (70%), two are still inpatient due to nosocomial infections and one was discharged referred to another institution.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This clinical entity has high mortality and therefore it should be performed surveillance with early galactomannan tests and cultures in respiratory samples in order to improve the outcome of the patients with this condition.},
}
@article {pmid32749010,
year = {2020},
author = {Martín-Rojas, RM and Pérez-Rus, G and Delgado-Pinos, VE and Domingo-González, A and Regalado-Artamendi, I and Alba-Urdiales, N and Demelo-Rodríguez, P and Monsalvo, S and Rodríguez-Macías, G and Ballesteros, M and Osorio-Prendes, S and Díez-Martín, JL and Pascual, C},
title = {COVID-19 coagulopathy: an in-depth analysis of the coagulation system.},
journal = {European journal of haematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ejh.13501},
pmid = {32749010},
issn = {1600-0609},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Abnormal coagulation parameters have been reported in COVID-19 patients. Although the underlying mechanism of COVID-19 coagulopathy remains unknown, it has been suggested to be a form of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to analyze the coagulation parameters of patients with COVID-19, determine if coagulation factors consumption occurs and identify potential prognostic biomarkers of the disease.<br><br>PATIENTS/METHODS: Blood samples from hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were collected. We performed basic coagulation tests and quantification of coagulation factors and physiological inhibitor proteins. Laboratory data were compared with clinical data and outcomes.<br><br>RESULTS: The study involved 206 patients (63.6% male). D-dimer was particularly elevated (median 450 ng/ml; IQR 222.5-957.3). Free protein S levels were below the normal range (median 56.6%; IQR: 43.6-68.9) and factor VIII showed an increasing trend (median 173.4%; IQR: 144.1-214.9). However, all coagulation factors were within normal limits. We found no correlation between abnormal coagulation parameters and thrombosis, except for higher D-dimer (HR 1.99; 95% CI 1.3-3.1; p=0.002).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 is associated with coagulopathy that correlates with poor prognosis. However, we did not demonstrate a consumption of coagulation factors, as seen in DIC.},
}
@article {pmid32748969,
year = {2020},
author = {Upadhyay, S and Tripathi, PK and Singh, M and Raghavendhar, S and Bhardwaj, M and Patel, AK},
title = {Evaluation of medicinal herbs as a potential therapeutic option against SARS-CoV-2 targeting its main protease.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.6802},
pmid = {32748969},
issn = {1099-1573},
support = {MI02217G//Indian Institute of Technology Delhi/ ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as a worldwide pandemic and caused huge damage to the lives and economy of more than hundred countries. As on May 10, 2020, more than 4,153,300 people stand infected from the virus due to an unprecedented rate of transmission and 282,700 have lost their lives because of the disease. In this context, medicinal plants may provide a way to treat the disease by targeting specific essential proteins of the virus. We screened about 51 medicinal plants and found that Tea (Camellia sinensis) and Haritaki (Terminalia chebula) has potential against SARS-COV-2 3CLpro , with an IC50 for Green Tea as 8.9 ± 0.5 μg/ml and Haritaki 8.8 ± 0.5 μg/ml. The in-silico studies suggested that Tea component Thearubigins binds to the cysteine 145 of protease active site and could be a pharmacoactive molecule. We predict that the inhibition in protease activity may be able to halt the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and therefore, we propose Green Tea, Black Tea, and Haritaki plant extracts as potential therapeutic candidates for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further investigation on role of bioactive constituents of extracts is needed to establish the molecular basis of inhibition and towards expedited drug discovery.},
}
@article {pmid32748964,
year = {2020},
author = {Luck, SJ and Kappenman, ES},
title = {Resources to assist EEG/ERP researchers during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Psychophysiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13659},
doi = {10.1111/psyp.13659},
pmid = {32748964},
issn = {1540-5958},
support = {R01MH087450/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; R25MH080794/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/United States ; },
}
@article {pmid32748963,
year = {2020},
author = {Blackall, D and Wulff, S and Roettger, T and Jacobs, L and Lacasse, A and Patri, M and Zinser, P and Pherez, F and Jamkhana, Z and Frey, SE and Smith, L and Goel, R and Katz, L},
title = {Rapid Establishment of a COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma Program in a Regional Healthcare Delivery Network.},
journal = {Transfusion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/trf.16026},
pmid = {32748963},
issn = {1537-2995},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) represents an appealing approach to the treatment of patients with infections due to SARS-CoV-2. We endeavored to quickly establish a sustainable CCP transfusion program for a regional network of healthcare facilities.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A regional collaborative group was activated to address the issues necessary to implementing a CCP transfusion program and making the program sustainable. A wide range of healthcare providers including physicians (critical care, infectious disease, transfusion medicine), nurses, pharmacists, laboratorians, and information technology specialists were required to make the program a success.<br><br>RESULTS: The CCP implementation team initially consisted of 4 members but quickly grew to a group of nearly 20 participants based on different issues related to program implementation. Overall, 6 major implementation &quot;themes&quot; were addressed: (1) registration of individual hospitals and principle investigators with a national investigational new drug research protocol, (2) collaboration with a regional blood donor center, (3) targeted recruitment of convalesced donors, (4) information technology issues related to all aspects of CCP ordering, distribution, and transfusion, (5) prioritization of patients to receive CCP, and (6) evaluation of CCP products including antibody characteristics and patient response to therapy.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Within 4 weeks of initiation, CCP was successfully transfused at multiple hospitals in our regional healthcare delivery system. A program infrastructure was established that will make this program sustainable into the future. This approach has broader implications for the success of multi-institutional programs requiring rapid implementation.},
}
@article {pmid32748944,
year = {2020},
author = {Rebollal-Leal, F and Aldama-López, G and Flores-Ríos, X and Piñón-Esteban, P and Salgado-Fernández, J and Calviño-Santos, R and Vázquez-González, N and Vázquez-Rodríguez, JM},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 outbreak and public lockdown on ST-elevation myocardial infarction care in Spain.},
journal = {Cardiology journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.5603/CJ.a2020.0098},
pmid = {32748944},
issn = {1897-5593},
}
@article {pmid32748886,
year = {2020},
author = {Xu, T and Sattar, U},
title = {Conceptualizing COVID-19 and Public Panic with the Moderating Role of Media Use and Uncertainty in China: An Empirical Framework.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare8030249},
pmid = {32748886},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {LY20G030010.//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China/ ; },
abstract = {Uncertainty puts people in a binary state of mind, where every piece of external information can positively or negatively affect their state of health. Given the uncertain situation created by the new coronavirus pandemic, this study claims to be the first empirical analysis of the real-time status of public panic in China. It frames peoples' intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, creating a psychosocial analysis of public panic. We conducted an online survey of WeChat and QQ users in February 2020 and collected 1613 samples through a QR code questionnaire. We used the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression equation model to conceptualize public panic pathways in different gender and age groups. This underlines the psychological origins of fear and anxiety and points out how the media uses socially constructed public panic. The results show that the outbreak of COVID-19 created uncertainty among the public, and the official media intensified it because of the late dissemination of news about the outbreak's real-time status. Hence, unofficial media remained faster in news reporting, but the news reporting remained contradictory with official reports. This created doubts about the authenticity of the given information and caused public mental health abnormalities. The study provides a conceptual framework based on lessons learned from physiology, psychology, and social psychology and real-time public analysis to inform policymakers and public administrators about the contextual dynamics of public panic in China. It provides useful insights into the wise handling of this uncertain time and controlling the fatal conditions of public panic created by COVID-19. It has implications for other countries as well.},
}
@article {pmid32748881,
year = {2020},
author = {Tsoupras, A and Zabetakis, I},
title = {Comment on &quot;Optimal Nutritional Status for a Well-Functioning Immune System Is an Important Factor to Protect against Viral Infections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 1181&quot;.},
journal = {Nutrients},
volume = {12},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/nu12082321},
pmid = {32748881},
issn = {2072-6643},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, [...].},
}
@article {pmid32748880,
year = {2020},
author = {Dima, A and Balaban, DV and Jurcut, C and Berza, I and Jurcut, R and Jinga, M},
title = {Physicians' Perspectives on COVID-19: An International Survey.},
journal = {Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {8},
number = {3},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/healthcare8030250},
pmid = {32748880},
issn = {2227-9032},
support = {23PFE/17.10.2018//Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie &quot;Carol Davila&quot; Bucureşti/ ; },
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has put a tremendous pressure over health care systems worldwide. Physicians were faced to fight this novel, emerging disease, without evidence-based recommendations. Our aim was to investigate physicians' point of view regarding the new coronavirus disease. We designed an on-line survey with 30 questions to assess physicians' perception of personal impact as well as epidemiology, clinical features, management, and outcome in COVID-19. A total of 194 physicians from 43 countries, of which 42.3% were male, 45.4% had more than 5 years' experience and 10.8% were heads of department/professors, filled-out the questionnaire. Although 47.4% of the physicians were currently treating patients, over 80% thought that they might get in contact with COVID-19 patients. A total of 36.6% physicians thought that they are not and 30.9% were not sure if they were being protected by the ongoing procedures. A total of 21.1% of the doctors felt that they are avoided by the persons with whom they usually interact in daily life and 24.7% were isolated from the household members they usually live with. A total of 72.7% of physicians considered that COVID-19-free patients are currently neglected. The results of the current survey raise awareness about the impact of COVID-19 on physicians' practice.},
}
@article {pmid32748825,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, X and Lei, SM and Le, S and Yang, Y and Zhang, B and Yao, W and Gao, Z and Cheng, S},
title = {Bidirectional Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns on Health Behaviors and Quality of Life among Chinese Adults.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155575},
pmid = {32748825},
issn = {1660-4601},
support = {AF4150043//Shanghai Jiao Tong University/ ; CP2014013//Shanghai Jiao Tong University/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created challenges that have caused profound changes in health behaviors. This study aimed to explore how COVID-19 is affecting the health-related quality of life (QoL) among Chinese adults.<br><br>METHODS: The data of health-related behaviors and QoL were collected via online surveys from 2289 adults (mean age = 27.8 ± 12 years) who had been isolated at home for an average of 77 days.<br><br>RESULTS: More than 50% of the respondents reported that their time engaged in daily physical activity (PA) decreased, while sedentary behavior (SB) time increased compared with that before the lockdown. Only 20% of the respondents reported engaging in moderate-to-vigorous PA, 23% of adults reported changed their diets to be healthier, and 30% reported consuming more vegetables, fruits, and milk products than before home-isolation. During home-isolation, 75.2% of the adults rated their sleep quality as very good, and 65% reported that they were satisfied with their QoL. Sleep quality mediated the relationship between PA and QoL.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The two-to-three-month home-isolation has had mixed effects on adult health behaviors in China. The participants were found to have focused more on their eating quality and patterns, which had a positive influence on their QoL. However, people should be encouraged to exercise at home with limited space to maintain a generally healthy lifestyle during a prolonged quarantine.},
}
@article {pmid32748822,
year = {2020},
author = {Al Zobbi, M and Alsinglawi, B and Mubin, O and Alnajjar, F},
title = {Measurement Method for Evaluating the Lockdown Policies during the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155574},
pmid = {32748822},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected day to day life and slowed down the global economy. Most countries are enforcing strict quarantine to control the havoc of this highly contagious disease. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, many data analyses have been done to provide close support to decision-makers. We propose a method comprising data analytics and machine learning classification for evaluating the effectiveness of lockdown regulations. Lockdown regulations should be reviewed on a regular basis by governments, to enable reasonable control over the outbreak. The model aims to measure the efficiency of lockdown procedures for various countries. The model shows a direct correlation between lockdown procedures and the infection rate. Lockdown efficiency is measured by finding a correlation coefficient between lockdown attributes and the infection rate. The lockdown attributes include retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, parks, transit stations, workplaces, residential, and schools. Our results show that combining all the independent attributes in our study resulted in a higher correlation (0.68) to the dependent value Interquartile 3 (Q3). Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was found to be the least value when combining all attributes.},
}
@article {pmid32748812,
year = {2020},
author = {Borro, M and Di Girolamo, P and Gentile, G and De Luca, O and Preissner, R and Marcolongo, A and Ferracuti, S and Simmaco, M},
title = {Evidence-Based Considerations Exploring Relations between SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic and Air Pollution: Involvement of PM2.5-Mediated Up-Regulation of the Viral Receptor ACE-2.},
journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health},
volume = {17},
number = {15},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijerph17155573},
pmid = {32748812},
issn = {1660-4601},
abstract = {The COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 pandemic struck health, social and economic systems worldwide, and represents an open challenge for scientists -coping with the high inter-individual variability of COVID-19, and for policy makers -coping with the responsibility to understand environmental factors affecting its severity across different geographical areas. Air pollution has been warned of as a modifiable factor contributing to differential SARS-CoV-2 spread but the biological mechanisms underlying the phenomenon are still unknown. Air quality and COVID-19 epidemiological data from 110 Italian provinces were studied by correlation analysis, to evaluate the association between particulate matter (PM)2.5 concentrations and incidence, mortality rate and case fatality risk of COVID-19 in the period 20 February-31 March 2020. Bioinformatic analysis of the DNA sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 cell receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) was performed to identify consensus motifs for transcription factors mediating cellular response to pollutant insult. Positive correlations between PM2.5 levels and the incidence (r = 0.67, p < 0.0001), the mortality rate (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001) and the case fatality rate (r = 0.7, p < 0.0001) of COVID-19 were found. The bioinformatic analysis of the ACE-2 gene identified nine putative consensus motifs for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Our results confirm the supposed link between air pollution and the rate and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection and support the hypothesis that pollution-induced over-expression of ACE-2 on human airways may favor SARS-CoV-2 infectivity.},
}
@article {pmid32748797,
year = {2020},
author = {Bastoni, D and Poggiali, E and Vercelli, A and Demichele, E and Tinelli, V and Iannicelli, T and Magnacavallo, A},
title = {Prone positioning in patients treated with non-invasive ventilation for COVID-19 pneumonia in an Italian emergency department.},
journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/emermed-2020-209744},
pmid = {32748797},
issn = {1472-0213},
abstract = {We report the experience of prone ventilation in selected patients treated with helmet non-invasive ventilation (NIV) continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for acute respiratory failure in COVID-19 pneumonia. Preliminary results showed an improvement in the PaO2 value and PaO2/FiO2 ratio after 1 hour of prone ventilation. No variation of the lung ultrasound pattern before and after prone ventilation has been detected. At the time of writing, we attempted proning with helmet NIV CPAP in 10 patients. In 4 out of 10 patients, the attempt failed due to lack of compliance of the patient, scarce pain control even with ongoing treatment and refusal by the patient to prone positioning.},
}
@article {pmid32748791,
year = {2020},
author = {Heilbrun, K and Burke, SC and NeMoyer, A and Durham, K and Desai, A},
title = {A Principles-Based Analysis of Change in Forensic Mental Health Assessment During a Global Pandemic.},
journal = {The journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.29158/JAAPL.200039-20},
pmid = {32748791},
issn = {1943-3662},
}
@article {pmid32748790,
year = {2020},
author = {Rovetta, A and Bhagavathula, AS},
title = {Global Infodemiology of COVID-19: Focus on Google Web Searches and Instagram Hashtags.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20673},
pmid = {32748790},
issn = {1438-8871},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Though 'infodemiological' methods have been used in COVID-19 research, an examination of the extent of infodemic monikers (misinformation) use on the Internet remains limited.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To investigate Internet search behavior related to COVID-19 and examine the circulation of infodemic monikers through two platforms-Google and Instagram-during the current global pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: Using Google Trends and Instagram hashtags (#), we explored Internet search activities and behaviors related to the COVID-19 pandemic from February 20, 2020, to May 06, 2020. We investigated the names used to identify the virus, health and risk perception, life during the lockdown, and information related to the adoption of COVID-19 infodemic monikers. We computed the average peak volume (APC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) during the study period for the monikers.<br><br>RESULTS: The top six COVID-19-related terms in the Google searches were &quot;coronavirus&quot;, &quot;corona&quot;, &quot;COVID&quot;, &quot;virus&quot;, &quot;corona virus&quot;, and &quot;COVID-19&quot;. Countries with a higher number of COVID-19 cases had a higher number of COVID-19 queries on Google. The monikers &quot;coronavirus ozone&quot;, &quot;coronavirus laboratory&quot;, &quot;coronavirus 5G&quot;, &quot;coronavirus conspiracy&quot; and &quot;coronavirus bill gates&quot; were widely circulated on the Internet. Searches about 'tips and cures' for COVID-19 spiked in relation to the U.S. president speculating about a 'miracle cure' and suggesting the injection of disinfectant to treat the virus. Around two-thirds (66.1%) of Instagram users used the hashtags &quot;COVID-19&quot;, and &quot;coronavirus&quot; to disperse virus-related information.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Globally, there is a growing interest in COVID-19, and numerous infodemic monikers continue to circulate on the Internet. Based on our findings, we hope to encourage mass media regulators and health organizers to be vigilant and diminish the use and circulation of these infodemic monikers on the Internet, to decrease the spread of misinformation.},
}
@article {pmid32748782,
year = {2020},
author = {Dzib-Florez, S and Ponce-García, G and Medina-Barreiro, A and González-Olvera, G and Contreras-Perera, Y and Del Castillo-Centeno, F and Ahmed, AMM and Che-Mendoza, A and McCall, PJ and Vazquez-Prokopec, G and Manrique-Saide, P},
title = {Evaluating Over-the-Counter Household Insecticide Aerosols for Rapid Vector Control of Pyrethroid-Resistant Aedes aegypti.},
journal = {The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.4269/ajtmh.20-0515},
pmid = {32748782},
issn = {1476-1645},
abstract = {Vector control methods that mobilize and impact rapidly during dengue, Zika, and chikungunya outbreaks are urgently needed in urban contexts. We investigated whether one person using a handheld aerosolized insecticide could achieve efficacy levels comparable to targeted indoor residual spraying (TIRS), using pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti in a semi-field setting with experimental houses in Mexico. The insecticide product (H24, a carbamate and pyrethroid mixture), available over-the-counter locally, was sprayed only on known Ae. aegypti-resting surfaces, for example, walls less than 1.5 m and dark hidden areas. In six identical houses with paired bedrooms, one bedroom was treated, and the other remained an untreated control. Each week for 8 weeks, 100 female pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti were released in each bedroom and followed up daily. Mortality rates in treated bedrooms exceeded 90% for at least 2 weeks, and more than 80% (89.2; 95% CI: 79.98-98.35) for 3 weeks or more. Mortality rates in control houses were zero. Results demonstrate that the immediate impact of TIRS can be delivered by one person using existing products, at an estimated cost for the average household in Mexico of under US$3 per month. Triggered by early outbreak signs, dissemination via community hubs and mass/social media of instructions to treat the home immediately, with monthly re-treatment thereafter, provides a simple means to engage and empower householders. Compatible with integrated vector management strategies, it enables self-protection even if existing agencies falter, a situation exemplified by the potential impact on vector control of the restrictions imposed during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32748740,
year = {2020},
author = {Chtita, S and Belhassan, A and Aouidate, A and Belaidi, S and Bouachrine, M and Lakhlifi, T},
title = {Discovery of Potent SARS-CoV-2 Inhibitors from Approved Antiviral Drugs via Docking Screening.},
journal = {Combinatorial chemistry &amp; high throughput screening},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2174/1386207323999200730205447},
pmid = {32748740},
issn = {1875-5402},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic threatens patients, societies and healthcare systems around the world. There is an emergent need to search for possible medications.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: This article intends to use virtual screening and molecular docking methods to find potential inhibitors that can respond to COVID-19 from existing drugs.<br><br>METHODS: To tack part in the current research investigation to define a potential target drug that may protect the world from emerged pandemic corona disease, we have carried out a virtual screening study by of 129 approved drugs that their metabolic characteristics, dosages used, potential efficacy and side effects are clear as they have been approved for treating existing infections. Especially 12 drugs against chronic hepatitis B virus, 37 against chronic hepatitis C virus, 37 against human immunodeficiency virus, 14 anti-herpesvirus, 11 anti- influenza, and 18 others drugs currently on the market were considered for this study. Then these drugs were evaluated using virtual screening and molecular docking studies in the active site of the (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (6lu7). Once the efficacy of the drug is determined, it can be approved for of their in vitro and in vivo activity against the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), that could be interesting for rapid clinical treatment of patients. These drugs were ranked for potential effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 and those with high molecular docking scores are proposed as novel candidates for repurposing. The N3 inhibitor co-crystallized with the protease (6lu7) and the anti-HIV protease inhibitor Lopinavir were used as standards for comparison.<br><br>RESULTS: The results suggest the effectiveness of Beclabuvir, Nilotinib, Tirilazad, Trametinib and Glecaprevir as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 since they tightly bind to its main protease.<br><br>CONCLUSION: These promising drugs could inhibit the replication of the virus; hence, we suggest the repurposing of these compounds for thetreatment of COVID-19. No toxicity measurements are required for these drugs since they were previously tested prior to their approval by the FDA. However, the assessment of these potential inhibitors as clinical drugs involves further in vivo tests for these drugs.},
}
@article {pmid32748668,
year = {2020},
author = {Lebin, JA and Ma, A and Mudan, A and Smollin, CG},
title = {Fatal ingestion of sodium chlorite used as hand sanitizer during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1080/15563650.2020.1798981},
pmid = {32748668},
issn = {1556-9519},
}
@article {pmid32748634,
year = {2020},
author = {Salah, HM and Calcaterra, G and Mehta, JL},
title = {Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade and Mortality in Patients With Hypertension and COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology and therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1074248420947628},
doi = {10.1177/1074248420947628},
pmid = {32748634},
issn = {1940-4034},
abstract = {To determine the effect renin-angiotensin system blockers on the outcome in patients with hypertension and concurrent COVID-19 infection, we searched PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for relevant articles. Twelve studies with a total of 16,101 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mortality rate among the users of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers was 12.15% and in non-users it was 14.56% (risk ratio 0.70, 95% CI [0.53-0.91], P < 0.007). There was no difference in the risk of death between the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (risk ratio 1.09, 95% CI [0.90 -1.32]). We conclude that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers improves mortality in patients with hypertension and concurrent COVID-19 infection, without a significant difference between ACEIs and ARBs in this population.},
}
@article {pmid32748582,
year = {2020},
author = {Shen, ZJ and Lu, N and Gao, LL and Lv, J and Luo, HF and Jiang, JF and Xu, C and Li, SY and Mao, JJ and Li, K and Xu, XP and Lin, B},
title = {Initial chest CT findings in COVID-19: correlation with clinical features.},
journal = {Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {668-672},
doi = {10.1631/jzus.B2000133},
pmid = {32748582},
issn = {1862-1783},
abstract = {In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a new de novo infectious disease, was first identified in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across China and around the world. The etiology was a novel betacoronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Lu et al., 2020). On Mar. 11, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) characterized COVID-19 as a global pandemic. As of Mar. 22, 2020, over 292 000 confirmed COVID-19 cases have been reported globally. To date, COVID-19, with its high infectivity, has killed more people than severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) combined (Wu and McGoogan, 2020).},
}
@article {pmid32748578,
year = {2020},
author = {Hao, SR and Yan, R and Zhang, SY and Lian, JS and Cai, H and Zhang, XL and Zheng, L and Jia, HY and Hu, JH and Yu, GD and Gu, JQ and Ye, CY and Jin, CL and Lu, YF and Xin, JJ and Sheng, JF and Yang, YD},
title = {Interferon-α2b spray inhalation did not shorten virus shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients: a preliminary matched case-control study.},
journal = {Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B},
volume = {21},
number = {8},
pages = {628-636},
doi = {10.1631/jzus.B2000211},
pmid = {32748578},
issn = {1862-1783},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no drugs that have been proven to be effective against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Because of its broad antiviral activity, interferon (IFN) should be evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially while COVID-19-specific therapies are still under development.<br><br>METHODS: Confirmed COVID-19 patients hospitalized in the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, from January 19 to February 19, 2020 were enrolled in a retrospective study. The patients were separated into an IFN group and a control group according to whether they received initial IFN-α2b inhalation treatment after admission. Propensity-score matching was used to balance the confounding factors.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 104 confirmed COVID-19 patients, 68 in the IFN group and 36 in the control group, were enrolled. Less hypertension (27.9% vs. 55.6%, P=0.006), dyspnea (8.8% vs. 25.0%, P=0.025), or diarrhea (4.4% vs. 19.4%, P=0.030) was observed in the IFN group. Lower levels of albumin and C-reactive protein and higher level of sodium were observed in the IFN group. Glucocorticoid dosage was lower in the IFN group (median, 40 vs. 80 mg/d, P=0.025). Compared to the control group, fewer patients in the IFN group were ventilated (13.2% vs. 33.3%, P=0.015) and admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) (16.2% vs. 44.4%, P=0.002). There were also fewer critical patients in the IFN group (7.4% vs. 25.0%, P=0.017) upon admission. Although complications during admission process were comparable between groups, the discharge rate (85.3% vs. 66.7%, P=0.027) was higher and the hospitalization time (16 vs. 21 d, P=0.015) was shorter in the IFN group. When other confounding factors were not considered, virus shedding time (10 vs. 13 d, P=0.014) was also shorter in the IFN group. However, when the influence of other factors was eliminated using propensity score matching, virus shedding time was not significantly shorter than that of the control group (12 vs. 15 d, P=0.206).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: IFN-α2b spray inhalation did not shorten virus shedding time of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitalized patients.},
}
@article {pmid32748568,
year = {2020},
author = {Alkhatib, AL and Kreniske, J and Zifodya, JS and Fonseca, V and Tahboub, M and Khatib, J and Denson, JL and Lasky, JA and Lefante, JJ and Bojanowski, CM},
title = {BMI is Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Intensive Care Unit Admission in African Americans.},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/oby.22937},
pmid = {32748568},
issn = {1930-739X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disproportionately impacted the African American community. This study aims to identify the risk factors for severe COVID-19 disease in African American patients.<br><br>METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of African American patients with COVID-19 treated between March 12 and April 9, 2020, at a single tertiary center. The primary outcome of interest was severe disease defined as those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission.<br><br>RESULTS: The study included 158 consecutive patients. The mean age was 57 years, and 61% were women. The mean (SD) of BMI was 33.2 (8.6) kg/m2 . Overall, patients admitted to the ICU were older (62 vs. 55 years, P = 0.003) and had higher BMI (36.5 kg/m2 vs. 31.9 kg/m2 , P = 0.002). In unadjusted and adjusted analysis, the factors most associated with ICU admission in this sample were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.073; 95% CI: 1.033-1.114), BMI (aOR: 1.115; 95% CI: 1.052-1.182), and lung disease (aOR: 3.097; 95% CI: 1.137-8.437).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study identified risk factors for severe disease in COVID-19, specifically in an African American population. Further inclusive research aimed at optimizing clinical care relevant to the African American population is critical to ensure an equitable response to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32748562,
year = {2020},
author = {Cagetti, MG and Angelino, E},
title = {Could SARS-CoV-2 burst the use of Non-Invasive and Minimally Invasive treatments in paediatric dentistry?.},
journal = {International journal of paediatric dentistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ipd.12679},
pmid = {32748562},
issn = {1365-263X},
}
@article {pmid32748560,
year = {2020},
author = {Killen, A and Olsen, K and McKeith, IG and Thomas, AJ and O'Brien, JT and Donaghy, P and Taylor, JP},
title = {The challenges of COVID-19 for people with Dementia with Lewy Bodies and family caregivers.},
journal = {International journal of geriatric psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/gps.5393},
pmid = {32748560},
issn = {1099-1166},
}
@article {pmid32748545,
year = {2020},
author = {Roy, J and Jain, R and Golamari, R and Vunnam, R and Sahu, N},
title = {COVID-19 in the geriatric population.},
journal = {International journal of geriatric psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/gps.5389},
pmid = {32748545},
issn = {1099-1166},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused rapid and monumental changes around the world. Older people, who already experience higher rates of social isolation and loneliness, are more susceptible to adverse effects as a result of the social distancing protocols enacted to slow the spread of COVID-19. Based on prior outbreaks, we speculate the detrimental outcomes and offer solutions.<br><br>METHODS: Reviewing the literature on the detrimental effects of social isolation and loneliness and higher mortality in the older population. Utilizing psychological study outcomes from prior major outbreaks such as in SARS, Ebola, H1N1 influenza, and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) offer predictions and the susceptibility in the geriatric age group.<br><br>RESULTS: Organizations such as the WHO, CDC, and AARP have put measures in place to provide networking on a local, regional and national level. These efforts are designed to start mitigating such detrimental effects. A necessary follow-up to this pandemic will be gathering data on unique populations such as the geriatric community, to better mitigate adverse outcomes given the certainty that COVID-19 will not be the last global viral outbreak.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of worsened social isolation and loneliness is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. Various solutions including virtual interactions with loved ones, engaging in physical activity, continuing any spiritual or religious prayers remotely, and community services to provide aid for the older population are all efforts to minimize social isolation and loneliness. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32748515,
year = {2020},
author = {Ferdinand, KC},
title = {Understanding African American COVID-19 Severity and Mortality: Is Obesity the Key?.},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/oby.22938},
pmid = {32748515},
issn = {1930-739X},
}
@article {pmid32748503,
year = {2020},
author = {De Salvo, A and Amicucci, M and Ciaralli, I and Secco, D and Miele, E and Bevilacqua, F and Milano, GM},
title = {How to be together and carry on our project activities during COVID-19 pandemic in Rome.},
journal = {Pediatric blood &amp; cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e28431},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.28431},
pmid = {32748503},
issn = {1545-5017},
}
@article {pmid32748481,
year = {2020},
author = {Mitchell, RD and O'Reilly, G and Mitra, B and Smit, V and Miller, JP and Cameron, PA},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 State of Emergency restrictions on presentations to two Victorian emergency departments.},
journal = {Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1742-6723.13606},
pmid = {32748481},
issn = {1742-6723},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine if COVID-19 State of Emergency (SOE) restrictions were associated with a reduction in presentations to two urban emergency departments (EDs) in Melbourne, Victoria.<br><br>METHODS: This retrospective observational study included adult patients presenting to The Alfred and Sandringham Hospital EDs during the first month of Stage 2 and 3 SOE restrictions (March 26-April 252 020). Patients transferred from other hospitals or diagnosed with COVID-19 were excluded. The primary outcome was the average number of presentations per day. Secondary outcomes included the average daily number of presentations for pre-specified subgroups defined by triage category and diagnosis. The independent impact of SOE restrictions, adjusted for underlying trends in attendance, was determined using negative binomial regression and reported as an incident rate ratio (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval.<br><br>RESULTS: Average daily attendance during the exposure period was 174.7. In the absence of SOE restrictions, 278.8 presentations per day were predicted, a reduction of 37.3% (IRR 0.63, CI 0.59-0.67). Attendance was lower than anticipated for all triage categories (especially category 5 [IRR 0.51, CI 0.44-0.59]) and diagnostic groups (including circulatory problems [IRR 0.62, CI 0.50-0.76) and injury [IRR 0.58, CI 0.53-0.63]). There were fewer than predicted presentations for several sentinel diagnoses, including gastroenteritis (IRR 0.27, CI 0.17-0.42) and renal colic [IRR 0.55, CI 0.33-0.92].<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SOE restrictions were associated with a significant reduction in ED presentations across a range of triage categories and diagnoses. Public health messaging should emphasise the importance of timely ED attendance for acute illness and injury. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32748476,
year = {2020},
author = {Prakash, G and Shetty, P and Thiagarajan, S and Gulia, A and Pandrowala, S and Singh, L and Thorat, V and Patil, V and Divatia, JV and Puri, A and Pramesh, CS},
title = {Compliance and perception about personal protective equipment among health care workers involved in the surgery of COVID-19 negative cancer patients during the pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of surgical oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/jso.26151},
pmid = {32748476},
issn = {1096-9098},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) are at risk of getting infected while at work, for example, operating room (OR), hence it is pertinent that they don all the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize the chance of getting infected.<br><br>METHODS: A COVID-19 specific briefing and debriefing form was created and used in the OR along with the World Health Organization surgical safety checklist to reinforce the use of appropriate PPE. An audit was subsequently done to understand the compliance to PPE use, followed by a survey based on the findings of the audit to understand the issues related to noncompliance.<br><br>RESULTS: The form was used in 183 out of the 238 (77%) surgeries performed during a months' time. The overall compliance for PPE usage was 96.3%. Noncompliance was seen most often for eye protection (45/567) (P = .01). The survey revealed that this was mostly among surgeons mainly due to discomfort, poor visibility, and frequent fogging.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our HCW were adapting well to the new normal of donning appropriate PPE in the OR, except for the eye protection due to discomfort and visibility related issues. This is important to know so that necessary changes could be introduced to better the compliance.},
}
@article {pmid32748460,
year = {2020},
author = {Leow, L and Ng, CSH and Mithiran, H},
title = {Surgery beyond COVID-19.},
journal = {ANZ journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ans.16245},
pmid = {32748460},
issn = {1445-2197},
}
@article {pmid32748457,
year = {2020},
author = {Keri, VC and R L, B and Sinha, TP and Wig, N and Bhoi, S},
title = {Tele-healthcare to combat COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries: A proposed single centre and integrated national level model.},
journal = {The International journal of health planning and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3036},
pmid = {32748457},
issn = {1099-1751},
}
@article {pmid32748429,
year = {2020},
author = {Landry, SA and Mann, DL and Djumas, L and Messineo, L and Terrill, PI and Thomson, LDJ and Beatty, CJ and Hamilton, GS and Mansfield, D and Edwards, BA and Joosten, SA},
title = {Laboratory performance of oronasal CPAP and adapted snorkel masks to entrain oxygen and CPAP.},
journal = {Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/resp.13922},
pmid = {32748429},
issn = {1440-1843},
support = {//Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University/ ; //Monash Partners/ ; 1139745//NHMRC Early Career Fellowship/ ; 101167//Heart Foundation of Australia Future Leader Fellowship/ ; },
}
@article {pmid32748414,
year = {2020},
author = {Brustowicz, RM and Yuki, K},
title = {A Simple Screening Test of Filtration Efficiency for Protecting the Gas Sampling Line from CoronavirusUsing Fluorescent Microspheres.},
journal = {Paediatric anaesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/pan.13990},
pmid = {32748414},
issn = {1460-9592},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the corona virus pandemic, preventing contamination of the anesthesia machine, critical to avoid cross-contamination between patients, has proven challenging when treating premature infants and neonates. While attaching a HEPA filter to the endotracheal tube will protect the anesthesia machine and the gas sampling line from contamination, this contributionto the dead space makes ventilation of these small patients challenging. Direct filtration of the gas sampling line eliminates this problem;however, appropriate filters are not readily available.<br><br>AIMS: Identify a small filter capable of filtering outparticles of a size similar to the SARS-CoV-2 virus for the gas sampling line.<br><br>METHODS: We used fluorescence microspheres suspended in a solution for a challenge test to determine the filtration efficiency of various filters. The microspheres varied in diameter (0.02 µm, 0.042 µm, 0.109 µm and 0.989 µm). A fluorescence plate reader was used to evaluate the degree of fluorescence intensity in the flow-through from various filters and referenced to the fluorescence intensity of the input.<br><br>RESULTS: AHEPA filter,as recommended as an anti-viral filter, effectively filtered all the particles tested. The B. Braun PERIFIX Flat Epidural Filter was the second most effective filter, filtering particleslarger than 0.042 µm.Other filters tested did not filter fluorescence microspheres equivalent in size to a single coronavirus particle (0.07 µm).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Although the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved the Flat Epidural Filter for use as an anesthesia machine gas filter, our simple challenge test suggests that it could be used to effectively filter the anesthesia gas sampling line.},
}
@article {pmid32748409,
year = {2020},
author = {Chan, DKH and Keh, CHL and Seow, CS and Iau, PTC},
title = {Maintaining quality of care in colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The British journal of surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bjs.11866},
pmid = {32748409},
issn = {1365-2168},
}
@article {pmid32748399,
year = {2020},
author = {Bilal, A and Saeed, MA and Yousafzai, T},
title = {Elderly Care in the Time of Coronavirus: Perceptions and Experiences of Care Home Staff in Pakistan.},
journal = {International journal of geriatric psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/gps.5386},
pmid = {32748399},
issn = {1099-1166},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The highly contagious and deadly, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant disruption in the small care sector of Pakistan. This study accordingly explores the perceptions and experiences of staff providing direct caregiving services to the elderly residents at three care homes during the time of the coronavirus pandemic in Karachi, Pakistan.<br><br>DESIGN: Using a qualitative approach, 27 digitally-recorded, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were performed with current and former caregiving staff members. The data was analyzed through qualitative content analysis.<br><br>RESULTS: Analysis highlights various kinds of challenges that were faced by the caregivers and their families during the pandemic. The main theme class identified from the data was &quot;living in anxiety and fear.&quot; The work-related decisions made by caregivers at that time were mainly influenced by their familial demands and responsibilities.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Caregivers were at risk of catching the lethal virus through inhalation of or physical contact with infectious particles, but despite that most of them continued to render elderly care services. This study's findings could be used by government leaders and care home administrations when making coronavirus containment policies, designing economic relief packages, and formulating caregiving training programs in Pakistan or other countries in the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32748336,
year = {2020},
author = {Singhania, N and Bansal, S and Nimmatoori, DP and Ejaz, AA and McCullough, PA and Singhania, G},
title = {Current Overview on Hypercoagulability in COVID-19.},
journal = {American journal of cardiovascular drugs : drugs, devices, and other interventions},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40256-020-00431-z},
pmid = {32748336},
issn = {1179-187X},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has brought many unique pathologies, such as coagulopathy, prompting a desperate need for effective management. COVID-19-associated coagulopathy (CAC) can cause various thromboembolic complications, especially in critically ill patients. The pathogenesis is likely due to endothelial injury, immobilization, and an increase in circulating prothrombotic factors. Data on treatment are limited, although prophylactic anticoagulation is advised in all hospitalized patients. Herein, we have comprehensively reviewed the current literature available on CAC and highlight the pathogenesis, clinical features, and management of CAC.},
}
@article {pmid32748333,
year = {2020},
author = {Calza, L and Bon, I and Tadolini, M and Borderi, M and Colangeli, V and Badia, L and Verucchi, G and Rossini, G and Vocale, C and Gaibani, P and Viale, P and Attard, L},
title = {COVID-19 in patients with HIV-1 infection: a single-centre experience in northern Italy.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s15010-020-01492-7},
pmid = {32748333},
issn = {1439-0973},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the end of February 2020, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak rapidly spread throughout Italy and other European countries, but limited information has been available about its characteristics in HIV-infected patients.<br><br>METHODS: We have described a case series of patients with HIV infection and COVID-19 diagnosed at the S.Orsola Hospital (Bologna, Italy) during March and April, 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: We reported a case series of 26 HIV-infected patients with COVID-19. Nineteen subjects were men, the median age was 54 years, 73% of patients had one or more comorbidities. Only 5 patients with interstitial pneumonia were hospitalized, but there were no admissions to intensive care unit and no deaths.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, COVID-19 associated with HIV infection had a clinical presentation comparable to the general population and was frequently associated with chronic comorbidities.},
}
@article {pmid32748331,
year = {2020},
author = {Saha, S and Chakrabarti, S and Singh, PK and Poddar, J and Satapathi, S and Saini, S and Kakar, SS and Roy, P},
title = {Physiological Relevance of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 As a Metabolic Linker and Therapeutic Implication of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in COVID-19 and Hypertension.},
journal = {Stem cell reviews and reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12015-020-10012-x},
pmid = {32748331},
issn = {2629-3277},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus - 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a single stranded RNA virus and responsible for infecting human being. In many cases the individual may remain asymptomatic. Some recently reported studies revealed that individuals of elderly age group and with pre-existing medical conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus had severe consequences, even may lead to death. However, it is not clearly delineated whether hypertension itself or associated comorbidities or antihypertensive therapy contributes to the grave prognosis of COVID-19 infections. This review is aimed to decipher the exact mechanisms involved at molecular level from existing evidence and as reported. It has been reported that SARS-CoV-2 enters into the host cell through interaction between conserved residues of viral spike protein and angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor which is highly expressed in host's cardiac and pulmonary cells and finally transmembrane protease, serine-2 (TMPRSS2), helps in priming of the surface protein. Subsequently, symptom related to multi organ involvement is primarily contributed by cytokine storm. Although various clinical trials are being conducted on renin- angiotensin- system inhibitor, till to date there is no standard treatment protocol approved for critically ill COVID-19 positive cases with pre-existing hypertension. Recently, several studies are carried out to document the safety and efficacy outcome of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation based on its immunomodulatory and regenerative properties. Therefore, identification of future novel therapeutics in the form of mesenchymal stem cell either alone or in combination with pharmacological approach could be recommended for combating SARS-CoV-2 which might be dreadful to debilitating elderly people. Graphical Abstract.},
}
@article {pmid32748306,
year = {2020},
author = {Pomeroy, KO and Schiewe, MC},
title = {Cryopreservation and IVF in the time of Covid-19: what is the best good tissue practice (GTP)?.},
journal = {Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s10815-020-01904-5},
pmid = {32748306},
issn = {1573-7330},
abstract = {Examine good tissue practices as relates to in vitro fertilization, biopsying, and vitrificationto compare current knowledge of ova, sperm, and embryos as vectors for disease transmission as it relates to our current knowledge regarding the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Unknown risks relating to the SARS-CoV-2 virus and sperm, ova, and embryos necessitate a reexamining of how human IVF is performed. Over the last decade, improvements in cryosurvival and live birth outcomes have been associated with zona pellucida breaching procedures (e.g., blastocyst collapsing and biopsying). In turn, today embryos are generally no longer protected by an intact zona pellucida when vitrified and in cryostorage. Additionally, high security storage containers have proven to be resilient to potential cross-contamination and reliable for routine human sperm freezing and embryo vitrification.Several options to current IVF practices are presented that can effectively mitigate the risks of cross-contamination and infection due to the current Covid-19 pandemic or other viral exposures. The question remains; is heightened security and change warranted where the risks of disease transmission likely remain negligible?},
}
@article {pmid32748252,
year = {2020},
author = {Chandarana, H and Dane, B and Mikheev, A and Taffel, MT and Feng, Y and Rusinek, H},
title = {Visceral adipose tissue in patients with COVID-19: risk stratification for severity.},
journal = {Abdominal radiology (New York)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00261-020-02693-2},
pmid = {32748252},
issn = {2366-0058},
support = {U24 EB028980/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To assess visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), and total adipose tissue (TAT) estimates at abdominopelvic CT in COVID-19 patients with different severity, and analyze Body Mass Index (BMI) and CT estimates of fat content in patients requiring hospitalization.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective IRB approved HIPPA compliant study, 51 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection with abdominopelvic CT were included. Patients were stratified based on disease severity as outpatient (no hospital admission) and patients who were hospitalized. Subset of hospitalized patient required mechanical ventilation (MV). A radiologist blinded to the clinical outcome evaluated single axial slice on CT at L3 vertebral body for VATL3, SATL3, TATL3, and VAT/TATL3. These measures along with age, gender, and BMI were compared. A clinical model that included age, sex, and BMI was compared to clinical + CT model that also included VATL3 to discriminate hospitalized patients from outpatients.<br><br>RESULTS: There were ten outpatients and 41 hospitalized patients. 11 hospitalized patients required MV. There were no significant differences in age and BMI between the hospitalized and outpatients (all p > 0.05). There was significantly higher VATL3 and VAT/TATL3 in hospitalized patients compared to the outpatients (all p < 0.05). Area under the curve (AUC) of the clinical + CT model was higher compared to the clinical model (AUC 0.847 versus 0.750) for identifying patients requiring hospitalization.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Higher VATL3 was observed in COVID-19 patients that required hospitalization compared to the outpatients, and addition of VATL3 to the clinical model improved AUC in discriminating hospitalized from outpatients in this preliminary study.},
}
@article {pmid32748251,
year = {2020},
author = {Moreno, CC and Yee, J and Ahmed, FS and Barish, MA and Brewington, C and Dachman, AH and Gollub, MJ and Kim, DH and McFarland, E and Pickhardt, PJ and Reddy, S and Zalis, M and Chang, KJ},
title = {CT colonography's role in the COVID-19 pandemic: a safe(r), socially distanced total colon examination.},
journal = {Abdominal radiology (New York)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00261-020-02674-5},
pmid = {32748251},
issn = {2366-0058},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To describe the favorable procedural profile of CT colonography (CTC) during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Postponement of cancer screening due to COVID-19 has resulted in a backlog of individuals needing to undergo structural examination of the colon. The experience during the initial COVID-19 surge with urgent evaluation of the colon for transplant patients prior to transplant suggests that CTC can be done in a lower risk manner as compared to other structural examinations. The procedural profile of CTC is advantageous during this pandemic as maintaining social distancing and preserving healthcare supplies including PPE are of paramount importance. CTC is an important option to utilize in the screening armamentarium to allow effective screening of average risk asymptomatic individuals in the COVID-19 era.},
}
@article {pmid32748244,
year = {2020},
author = {Jamshaid, H and Zahid, F and Din, IU and Zeb, A and Choi, HG and Khan, GM and Din, FU},
title = {Diagnostic and Treatment Strategies for COVID-19.},
journal = {AAPS PharmSciTech},
volume = {21},
number = {6},
pages = {222},
doi = {10.1208/s12249-020-01756-3},
pmid = {32748244},
issn = {1530-9932},
abstract = {The world is facing lockdown for the first time in decades due to the novel coronavirus COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. This has led to massive global economic disruption, placed additional strain on local and global public health resources and, above all, threatened human health. We conducted a review of peer-reviewed and unpublished data, written in English, reporting on the current COVID-19 pandemic. This data includes previously used strategies against infectious disease, recent clinical trials and FDA-approved diagnostic and treatment strategies. The literature was obtained through a systematic search using PubMed, Web of Sciences, and FDA, NIH and WHO websites. Of the 98 references included in the review, the majority focused on pathogen and host targeting, symptomatic treatment and convalescent plasma utilization. Other sources investigated vaccinations in the pipeline for the possible prevention of COVID-19 infection. The results demonstrate various conventional as well as potentially advanced in vitro diagnostic approaches (IVD) for the diagnosis of COVID-19. Mixed results have been observed so far when utilising these approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. Some treatments have been found highly effective in specific regions of the world while others have not altered the disease process. The responsiveness of currently available options is not conclusive. The novelty of this disease, the rapidity of its global outbreak and the unavailability of vaccines have contributed to the global public's fear. It is concluded that the exploration of a range of diagnostic and treatment strategies for the management of COVID-19 is the need of the hour.},
}
@article {pmid32748212,
year = {2020},
author = {Cai, Y and Xu, Y and Xu, D and Wang, Y and Wang, X and Sun, C and Guo, Y and Qiu, S and Ma, K},
title = {Considerations in treating patients with advance lung cancer during the epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {37},
number = {9},
pages = {78},
doi = {10.1007/s12032-020-01401-w},
pmid = {32748212},
issn = {1559-131X},
abstract = {The outbreak of pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 quickly escalated into a global health emergency. Since its outbreak until the 29th of April 2020, the pandemic has affected more than 3 million of people and caused 207,973 deaths globally. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus genus of the Coronavirus family, and it shares the same subfamily with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (MERS-CoV), all of which lead to severe pneumonia. For cancer patients, especially those with lung cancers, their immune systems are compromised due to the disease itself as well as the treatment for cancer. The weakened immunity of these patients puts them at a higher risk of not only developing diseases but severe diseases. In this study, through a literature review and data collection, we focus on the selection and consideration of antitumor treatment strategies for advanced lung cancer during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic.},
}
@article {pmid32748211,
year = {2020},
author = {Mullol, J and Alobid, I and Mariño-Sánchez, F and Izquierdo-Domínguez, A and Marin, C and Klimek, L and Wang, DY and Liu, Z},
title = {The Loss of Smell and Taste in the COVID-19 Outbreak: a Tale of Many Countries.},
journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {61},
doi = {10.1007/s11882-020-00961-1},
pmid = {32748211},
issn = {1534-6315},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Olfactory dysfunction in upper airway viral infections (common cold, acute rhinosinusitis) is common (> 60%). During the COVID-19 outbreak, frequency of sensory disorders (smell and/or taste) in affected patients has shown a high variability from 5 to 98%, depending on the methodology, country, and study.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: A sudden, severe, isolated loss of smell and/or taste, in the absence of other upper airway inflammatory diseases (allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, nasal polyposis), should alert individuals and physicians on being potentially affected by COVID-19. The evaluation of smell/taste disorders with a visual analogue scale or an individual olfactory or gustatory test, at the hospital or by telemedicine, to prevent contamination might facilitate an early detection of infected patients and reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. During the COVID-19 outbreak, patients with sudden loss of smell should initiate social distancing and home isolation measures and be tested for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test when available. Olfactory training is recommended when smell does not come back after 1 month but can be started earlier.},
}
@article {pmid32748176,
year = {2020},
author = {Queiroz, MS and de Carvalho, JX and Bortoto, SF and de Matos, MR and das Graças Dias Cavalcante, C and Andrade, EAS and Correa-Giannella, ML and Malerbi, FK},
title = {Diabetic retinopathy screening in urban primary care setting with a handheld smartphone-based retinal camera.},
journal = {Acta diabetologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00592-020-01585-7},
pmid = {32748176},
issn = {1432-5233},
abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening with a portable handheld smartphone-based retinal camera and telemedicine in an urban primary healthcare setting and to evaluate the learning curve for image acquisition, performed by healthcare personnel without previous experience in retinal imaging.<br><br>METHODS: This was a prospective study that enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) followed at a primary healthcare unit in São Paulo, Brazil. After a brief training in image acquisition, there was further continuous feedback given by a retina specialist during the remote image reading process. Each patient underwent two fundus and one anterior ocular segment images per eye, after mydriasis. Patients were classified according to the need of referral.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 627 adult individuals with T2DM underwent retinal evaluation. The population was composed by 63.2% female individuals, age median of 66 years, diabetes duration 10.7 ± 8.2 years and HbA1c 7.7 ± 1.9% (61 + 20.8 mmol/mol). The most prevalent associated comorbidities were arterial hypertension (80.3%) and dyslipidemia (50.2%). Referral decision was possible in 81.2% patients. Most patients had absent or non-referable DR; the main ocular media opacity detected was cataract. After the 7th day of image acquisition, the daily rate of patients whose images allowed clinical decision was maintained above 80%. A higher HbA1c was associated with referable DR.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A low-cost DR screening strategy with a handheld device and telemedicine is feasible and has the potential to increase coverage of DR screening in underserved areas; the possibility of mobile units is relevant for DR screening in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. Daily rate of patients whose examinations allowed clinical decision. X-axis: day of examination; Y-axis: rate (%) of patients whose examinations allowed a clinical decision.},
}
@article {pmid32748131,
year = {2020},
author = {Chiesa-Estomba, CM and Lechien, JR and Barillari, MR and Saussez, S},
title = {Patterns of Gustatory Recovery in Patients Affected by the COVID-19 Outbreak.},
journal = {Virologica Sinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s12250-020-00272-9},
pmid = {32748131},
issn = {1995-820X},
}
@article {pmid32748128,
year = {2020},
author = {Coccheri, S},
title = {COVID-19: The crucial role of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11739-020-02443-8},
pmid = {32748128},
issn = {1970-9366},
abstract = {The overflow of studies in the recent literature on COVID-19 often gives provisional or contradictory results and therefore deserves pauses of reflection and reconsideration. In fact, knowledges of pathophysiology of this new disease are still in development and hence originate discussions and interpretations. Regarding the role of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, these mechanisms should be considered as crucial especially in severe cases. It is proposed to consider two distinct phenotypes of thrombotic manifestations: the current &quot;thromboembolic type&quot; also occurring in other kinds of sepsis, and the diffuse micro-thrombotic type, prevailing in the lungs but sometimes extending to other organs. Both types can induce severe disease and are potentially lethal. The micro-thrombotic pattern, more specific for COVID-19, results from a massive activation of coagulation strictly coupled with a hyper-intense inflammatory and immune reaction. This results in widespread occlusive thrombotic micro-angiopathy with destruction of alveoli and obstructive neoangiogenesis. The involvement of fibrinolysis, often neglected, confers a double faceted process of activation/inhibition, finally conducive to a fibrinolytic shutdown that reinforces persistence of micro-thrombi. Considering these peculiar mechanisms, it seems evident that both prophylactic and therapeutic effects of current anti-thrombotic drugs cannot be taken for granted and need therefore new specific and rigorous controlled trials.},
}
@article {pmid32748127,
year = {2020},
author = {Lin, Z and Sim, TB and Ong, VYK and Bin Ab Hamid, Z and Ho, WH},
title = {Telemedicine in the acute care setting during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Internal and emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11739-020-02456-3},
pmid = {32748127},
issn = {1970-9366},
}
@article {pmid32748124,
year = {2020},
author = {Chao, YK and Chang, SY and Grimm, C},
title = {Endo-Lysosomal Cation Channels and Infectious Diseases.},
journal = {Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/112_2020_31},
pmid = {32748124},
issn = {0303-4240},
abstract = {Among the infectious diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi, the most prevalent ones today are malaria, tuberculosis, influenza, HIV/AIDS, Ebola, dengue fever, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection, and most recently Covid-19 (SARS-CoV2). Others with a rather devastating history and high fatality rates such as plague, cholera, or typhus seem less threatening today but have not been eradicated, and with a declining efficacy of current antibiotics they ought to be watched carefully. Another emerging issue in this context is health-care associated infection. About 100,000 hospitalized patients in the USA (www.cdc.gov) and 33,000 in Europe (https://www.ecdc.europa.eu) die each year as a direct consequence of an infection caused by bacteria resistant to antibiotics. Among viral infections, influenza is responsible for about 3-5 million cases of severe illness, and about 250,000 to 500,000 deaths annually (www.who.int). About 37 million people are currently living with HIV infection and about one million die from it each year. Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, but in particular the recent outbreak of Covid-19 (caused by SARS-CoV2) have resulted in large numbers of infections worldwide with an estimated several hundred thousand deaths (anticipated fatality rate: <5%). With a comparatively low mortality rate dengue virus causes between 50 and 100 million infections every year, leading to 50,000 deaths. In contrast, Ebola virus is the causative agent for one of the deadliest viral diseases. The Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014 is considered the largest outbreak in history with more than 11,000 deaths. Many of the deadliest pathogens such as Ebola virus, influenza virus, mycobacterium tuberculosis, dengue virus, and cholera exploit the endo-lysosomal trafficking system of host cells for penetration into the cytosol and replication. Defects in endo-lysosomal maturation, trafficking, fusion, or pH homeostasis can efficiently reduce the cytotoxicity caused by these pathogens. Most of these functions critically depend on endo-lysosomal membrane proteins such as transporters and ion channels. In particular, cation channels such as the mucolipins (TRPMLs) or the two-pore channels (TPCs) are involved in all of these aspects of endo-lysosomal integrity. In this review we will discuss the correlations between pathogen toxicity and endo-lysosomal cation channel function, and their potential as drug targets for infectious disease therapy.},
}
@article {pmid32748122,
year = {2020},
author = {Hasan, SS and Radford, S and Kow, CS and Zaidi, STR},
title = {Venous thromboembolism in critically ill COVID-19 patients receiving prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11239-020-02235-z},
pmid = {32748122},
issn = {1573-742X},
abstract = {Many aspects of care such as management of hypercoagulable state in COVID-19 patients, especially those admitted to intensive care units is challenging in the rapidly evolving pandemic of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We seek to systematically review the available evidence regarding the anticoagulation approach to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) among COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units. Electronic databases were searched for studies reporting venous thromboembolic events in patients admitted to the intensive care unit receiving any type of anticoagulation (prophylactic or therapeutic). The pooled prevalence (and 95% confidence interval [CI]) of VTE among patients receiving anticoagulant were calculated using the random-effects model. Subgroup pooled analyses were performed with studies reported prophylactic anticoagulation alone and with studies reported mixed prophylactic and therapeutic anticoagulation. We included twelve studies (8 Europe; 2 UK; 1 each from the US and China) in our systematic review and meta-analysis. All studies utilized LMWH or unfractionated heparin as their pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis, either prophylactic doses or therapeutic doses. Seven studies reported on the proportion of patients with the previous history of VTE (range 0-10%). The pooled prevalence of VTE among ICU patients receiving prophylactic or therapeutic anticoagulation across all studies was 31% (95% CI 20-43%). Subgroup pooled analysis limited to studies reported prophylactic anticoagulation alone and mixed (therapeutic and prophylactic anticoagulation) reported pooled prevalences of VTE of 38% (95% CI 10-70%) and 27% (95% CI 17-40%) respectively. With a high prevalence of thromboprophylaxis failure among COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care units, individualised rather than protocolised VTE thromboprophylaxis would appear prudent at interim.},
}
@article {pmid32748116,
year = {2020},
author = {Tobin, MJ and Laghi, F and Jubran, A},
title = {P-SILI is not justification for intubation of COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Annals of intensive care},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {105},
doi = {10.1186/s13613-020-00724-1},
pmid = {32748116},
issn = {2110-5820},
support = {RO1- NR016055/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; 1 I01 RX002803-01A1//U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/ ; },
}
@article {pmid32748035,
year = {2020},
author = {Chakravarty, M and Vora, A},
title = {Nanotechnology-based antiviral therapeutics.},
journal = {Drug delivery and translational research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s13346-020-00818-0},
pmid = {32748035},
issn = {2190-3948},
abstract = {The host immune system is highly compromised in case of viral infections and relapses are very common. The capacity of the virus to destroy the host cell by liberating its own DNA or RNA and replicating inside the host cell poses challenges in the development of antiviral therapeutics. In recent years, many new technologies have been explored for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of viral infections. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the most promising technologies on account of its ability to deal with viral diseases in an effective manner, addressing the limitations of traditional antiviral medicines. It has not only helped us to overcome problems related to solubility and toxicity of drugs, but also imparted unique properties to drugs, which in turn has increased their potency and selectivity toward viral cells against the host cells. The initial part of the paper focuses on some important proteins of influenza, Ebola, HIV, herpes, Zika, dengue, and corona virus and those of the host cells important for their entry and replication into the host cells. This is followed by different types of nanomaterials which have served as delivery vehicles for the antiviral drugs. It includes various lipid-based, polymer-based, lipid-polymer hybrid-based, carbon-based, inorganic metal-based, surface-modified, and stimuli-sensitive nanomaterials and their application in antiviral therapeutics. The authors also highlight newer promising treatment approaches like nanotraps, nanorobots, nanobubbles, nanofibers, nanodiamonds, nanovaccines, and mathematical modeling for the future. The paper has been updated with the recent developments in nanotechnology-based approaches in view of the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19.Graphical abstract.},
}
@article {pmid32748026,
year = {2020},
author = {Bansal, H and Karpe, A and Mittal, S and Trikha, V},
title = {Amid COVID-19 pandemic-an innovative use of local resources to substitute the need for specialized operation theatre tables for orthopaedic and trauma surgery.},
journal = {International orthopaedics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00264-020-04758-9},
pmid = {32748026},
issn = {1432-5195},
abstract = {Pelvic-acetabulum and spine surgery are two important constituents of complex trauma surgery and require a gamut of resources for fracture management. In the pandemic crisis of COVID-19 where existing health care resources are scarce and a major section of health care infrastructure has been assigned to fight against it, the compromised and less equipped health care facility is left to tackle the ongoing presentation of complex trauma surgery. One major challenge faced to manage these complex procedures is the availability of specialized radiolucent operation tables as even the apex level health care setups generally have one or two such kinds of table. Therefore, in this state of pandemic crisis, innovations utilizing the available local resources need to be developed to avoid deferring these complex operations.},
}
@article {pmid32748001,
year = {2020},
author = {Salzberger, B and Welte, T},
title = {[COVID-19-a new and many-sided challenge].},
journal = {Der Internist},
volume = {61},
number = {8},
pages = {773-775},
doi = {10.1007/s00108-020-00851-8},
pmid = {32748001},
issn = {1432-1289},
}
@article {pmid32747969,
year = {2020},
author = {Iran-Pour, E and Tavabi, AA and Seifi, A},
title = {Presentation with Anosmia and Ageusia: Possible Hidden Carriers of COVID-19.},
journal = {Southern medical journal},
volume = {113},
number = {8},
pages = {399-400},
doi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001123},
pmid = {32747969},
issn = {1541-8243},
}
@article {pmid32747966,
year = {2020},
author = {Rosanel, S and Fogel, J},
title = {Moral Dilemma of a Physician and Mother in the Midst of the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Southern medical journal},
volume = {113},
number = {8},
pages = {384-385},
doi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001125},
pmid = {32747966},
issn = {1541-8243},
}
@article {pmid32747962,
year = {2020},
author = {Crumb, L and Campbell, KM and Crowe, A and Harris, JA and Acheampong, C and Little, J},
title = {Responding to COVID-19: Perspectives on Curricular Changes in a Rural Medical School.},
journal = {Southern medical journal},
volume = {113},
number = {8},
pages = {368-371},
doi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001124},
pmid = {32747962},
issn = {1541-8243},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rapidly led to global human devastation, including multiple deaths, sicknesses, and financial reverberations across many individuals and communities. As COVID-19 gained its foothold in the United States, medical school administrators, faculty, and students had to undergo rapid change to mitigate the disease spread, putting all parties in dubious situations. Medical school administrators had to make swift and judicious decisions that would best serve the student body and the diverse patient population at clinical sites. Medical schools with students practicing in rural, remote regions with a dearth of healthcare resources have even more complicated decisions to make in these unprecedented times. We provide an overview of rapid decision-making processes that can be used by curriculum leaders and medical school administrators to continue to meet accreditation requirements while attempting to keep medical students safe and prepared for graduation in response to the COVID-19 health crisis.},
}
@article {pmid32747961,
year = {2020},
author = {Mandelbaum, J},
title = {Expanding Telehealth Capacity during COVID-19 May Have Long-Term Benefits for Rural Health Centers.},
journal = {Southern medical journal},
volume = {113},
number = {8},
pages = {367},
doi = {10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001122},
pmid = {32747961},
issn = {1541-8243},
}
@article {pmid32747923,
year = {2020},
author = {Olimid, AP and Olimid, DA},
title = {Ethical review of patient safety and public health in EU clinical trials legislation: impact of COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie},
volume = {61},
number = {1},
pages = {277-281},
doi = {10.47162/RJME.61.1.34},
pmid = {32747923},
issn = {1220-0522},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The study considers the ethical review of the European Union (EU) clinical trials (CTs) legislation, namely the Clinical Trials Regulation (CTR) (EU) 2014∕536, the Directive 2001∕20∕EC and the &quot;Guidance on the management of clinical trials during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic&quot; (GMCT) (version 3) issued on 28 April 2020 by the European authorities in the field.<br><br>BACKGROUND: The Directive 2001∕20∕EC focuses the legal provisions for the conduct of CTs by acknowledging the screening role of the Ethics Committees (ECs) and of the national competent authorities (NCA) in the Member States (MS) to protect the CT subject and the personal data.<br><br>CONTENT: The present article displays the ethical requirements for conducting, monitoring and reporting of the CTs by raising awareness on the: (i) new conceptual framework of the &quot;clinical trial&quot;, &quot;low-intervention clinical trial&quot;, &quot;non-interventional study&quot; and &quot;ethics committee&quot;; (ii) ethical considerations addressed in Part I and Part II of the assessment report; (iii) evaluation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the current regulatory framework.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The CTR stimulates the EU clinical research and enables an independent control with regard to the respect of the interests of the CT subject.},
}
@article {pmid32747912,
year = {2020},
author = {Cîrstea, AE and Buzulică, RL and Pirici, D and Ceauşu, MC and Iman, RV and Gheorghe, OM and Neamţu, SD and Stanca, L and Ene, R and Kumar-Singh, S and Mogoantă, L},
title = {Histopathological findings in the advanced natural evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie},
volume = {61},
number = {1},
pages = {209-218},
doi = {10.47162/RJME.61.1.23},
pmid = {32747912},
issn = {1220-0522},
abstract = {We are reporting a case of natural evolution and pathological data from a young person that was diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All data has been collected from the autopsy of a 30-year-old female, which was performed by the Department of Forensic Medicine from Emergency County Hospital, Drobeta Turnu Severin, Mehedinţi County, Romania. The infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on the lung tissue which was obtained during autopsy. This case provides the opportunity to study the natural evolution of COVID-19 pneumonia in a young person with clinical signs of pneumonia but without associated comorbidities. The patient had not received any treatment. The histopathological examination of the lung revealed a process of productive proliferation, proteinaceous and fibrin-macrophagic interalveolar spaces exudate, and lesions consistent with vasculitis. In the heart, we identified a cardiac thrombus. These changes are likely to suggest an advanced natural evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection.},
}
@article {pmid32747875,
year = {2020},
author = {Kariyanna, PT and Sutarjono, B and Grewal, E and Singh, KP and Aurora, L and Smith, L and Chandrakumar, HP and Jayarangaiah, A and Goldman, SA and Salifu, MO and McFarlane, IM},
title = {A Systematic Review of COVID-19 and Myocarditis.},
journal = {American journal of medical case reports},
volume = {8},
number = {9},
pages = {299-305},
pmid = {32747875},
issn = {2374-216X},
abstract = {Background: The COVID-19 infection which emerged in December 2019, is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. Infection with this virus can lead to severe respiratory illness, however, myocarditis has also been reported. The purpose of this study is to identify the clinical features of myocarditis in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>Methods: A systematic review was conducted to investigate characteristics of myocarditis in patients infected with COVID-19 using the search term &quot;Coronavirus&quot; or &quot;COVID&quot; and &quot;myocarditis,&quot; &quot;heart,&quot; or &quot;retrospective.&quot; Case reports and retrospective studies were gathered by searching Medline/Pubmed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases. 11 articles were selected for review.<br><br>Results: COVID-19 myocarditis affected patients over the age of 50 and incidences among both genders were equally reported. Patients presented with dyspnea, cough, fever with hypotension and chest pain. Laboratory tests revealed leukocytosis with increased C-reactive protein, while arterial blood gas analysis demonstrated respiratory acidosis. All cardiac markers were elevated. Radiographic imaging of the chest showed bilateral ground glass opacities or bilateral infiltrates, while cardiac magnetic resonance imaging produced late gadolinium enhancements. Electrocardiography demonstrated ST-segment elevation or inverted T waves, while echocardiography revealed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction with cardiomegaly or increased wall thickness. Management with corticosteroids was favored in most cases, followed by antiviral medication. The majority of studies reported either recovery or no further clinical deterioration.<br><br>Conclusion: Current available data on COVID-19 myocarditis is limited. Further research is needed to advance our understanding of COVID-19 myocarditis.},
}
@article {pmid32747830,
year = {2020},
author = {Ramlall, V and Thangaraj, PM and Meydan, C and Foox, J and Butler, D and Kim, J and May, B and De Freitas, JK and Glicksberg, BS and Mason, CE and Tatonetti, NP and Shapira, SD},
title = {Immune complement and coagulation dysfunction in adverse outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Nature medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41591-020-1021-2},
pmid = {32747830},
issn = {1546-170X},
support = {R21AI147201//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 5R01GM109018//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; 5U54CA209997//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; F30HL140946//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; R35GM131905//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)/ ; NNX14AH50G/NASA/NASA/United States ; NNX17AB26G/NASA/NASA/United States ; R21AI129851//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)/ ; R01MH117406//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)/ ; R01AI151059//U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services | NIH | Office of Extramural Research, National Institutes of Health (OER)/ ; },
abstract = {Understanding the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection is critical for therapeutic and public health strategies. Viral-host interactions can guide discovery of disease regulators, and protein structure function analysis points to several immune pathways, including complement and coagulation, as targets of coronaviruses. To determine whether conditions associated with dysregulated complement or coagulation systems impact disease, we performed a retrospective observational study and found that history of macular degeneration (a proxy for complement-activation disorders) and history of coagulation disorders (thrombocytopenia, thrombosis and hemorrhage) are risk factors for SARS-CoV-2-associated morbidity and mortality-effects that are independent of age, sex or history of smoking. Transcriptional profiling of nasopharyngeal swabs demonstrated that in addition to type-I interferon and interleukin-6-dependent inflammatory responses, infection results in robust engagement of the complement and coagulation pathways. Finally, in a candidate-driven genetic association study of severe SARS-CoV-2 disease, we identified putative complement and coagulation-associated loci including missense, eQTL and sQTL variants of critical complement and coagulation regulators. In addition to providing evidence that complement function modulates SARS-CoV-2 infection outcome, the data point to putative transcriptional genetic markers of susceptibility. The results highlight the value of using a multimodal analytical approach to reveal determinants and predictors of immunity, susceptibility and clinical outcome associated with infection.},
}
@article {pmid32747800,
year = {2020},
author = {Maestre, FT},
title = {One scientist's six-point recovery plan to tackle COVID-19 anxiety.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-02298-1},
pmid = {32747800},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid32747799,
year = {2020},
author = {Fleming, N},
title = {What's on the agenda for post-pandemic meetings?.},
journal = {Nature},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-02254-z},
pmid = {32747799},
issn = {1476-4687},
}
@article {pmid32747742,
year = {2020},
author = {Lammers, T and Sofias, AM and van der Meel, R and Schiffelers, R and Storm, G and Tacke, F and Koschmieder, S and Brümmendorf, TH and Kiessling, F and Metselaar, JM},
title = {Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19.},
journal = {Nature nanotechnology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41565-020-0752-z},
pmid = {32747742},
issn = {1748-3395},
support = {864121//EC | EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020 | H2020 Priority Excellent Science | H2020 European Research Council (H2020 Excellent Science - European Research Council)/ ; 331065168//Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation)/ ; },
}
@article {pmid32747721,
year = {2020},
author = {Huang, Y and Yang, C and Xu, XF and Xu, W and Liu, SW},
title = {Structural and functional properties of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein: potential antivirus drug development for COVID-19.},
journal = {Acta pharmacologica Sinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41401-020-0485-4},
pmid = {32747721},
issn = {1745-7254},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 is a newly emerging infectious disease currently spreading across the world. It is caused by a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2, which plays a key role in the receptor recognition and cell membrane fusion process, is composed of two subunits, S1 and S2. The S1 subunit contains a receptor-binding domain that recognizes and binds to the host receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, while the S2 subunit mediates viral cell membrane fusion by forming a six-helical bundle via the two-heptad repeat domain. In this review, we highlight recent research advance in the structure, function and development of antivirus drugs targeting the S protein.},
}
@article {pmid32747703,
year = {2020},
author = {Abah, RC},
title = {Achieving HIV targets by 2030: the possibility of using debt relief funds for sustainable HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {Journal of public health policy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1057/s41271-020-00238-x},
pmid = {32747703},
issn = {1745-655X},
abstract = {This paper assesses the possibility of using debt relief funds to sustain HIV treatment in sub-Saharan Africa, suppress transmission, and reach global goals to quell the epidemic by 2030. The cost of providing antiretroviral treatment is a huge burden on African countries. Concerns for Africa's capacity to keep pace with global advances are well founded. By analysing levels of 'debt distress', health expenditure per capita, and HIV antiretroviral therapy requirements in sub-Saharan African countries, the need for innovative finance with international cooperation emerges clearly. In addition to the HIV epidemic, African countries may become more vulnerable to disasters and other public health diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, Ebola and COVID-19, especially without alternatives to current means of financing. Relief from debt service payments could release funds for sub-Saharan African countries to support universal HIV antiretroviral treatment with sustainable results.},
}
@article {pmid32747597,
year = {2020},
author = {Ferguson, K and Quail, N and Kewin, P and Blyth, KG},
title = {COVID-19 associated with extensive pulmonary arterial, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2020-237460},
pmid = {32747597},
issn = {1757-790X},
abstract = {We describe a patient with COVID-19 who developed simultaneous pulmonary, intracardiac and peripheral arterial thrombosis. A 58-year-old man, without major comorbidity, was admitted with a 14-day history of breathlessness. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was confirmed by laboratory testing. Initial imaging revealed COVID-19 pneumonia but no pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) on CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA). The patient subsequently developed respiratory failure and left foot ischaemia associated with a rising D-dimer. Repeat CTPA and lower limb CT angiography revealed simultaneous bilateral PTE, biventricular cardiac thrombi and bilateral lower limb arterial occlusions. This case highlights a broad range of vascular sequalae associated with COVID-19 and the fact that these can occur despite a combination of prophylactic and treatment dose anticoagulation.},
}
@article {pmid32747596,
year = {2020},
author = {Whittemore, P and Macfarlane, L and Herbert, A and Farrant, J},
title = {Use of awake proning to avoid invasive ventilation in a patient with severe COVID-19 pneumonitis.},
journal = {BMJ case reports},
volume = {13},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/bcr-2020-236586},
pmid = {32747596},
issn = {1757-790X},
abstract = {A 60-year-old man with swab-positive COVID-19 and extensive ground-glass change seen on CT imaging was successfully managed on our COVID-19 high-dependency unit with only low-flow oxygen and strict awake proning instructions. He was successfully weaned off oxygen entirely without any requirement for non-invasive or invasive ventilation and made a recovery to be discharged home after an 18-day hospital stay.},
}
@article {pmid32747592,
year = {2020},
author = {Katzow, MW and Steinway, C and Jan, S},
title = {Telemedicine and Health Disparities During COVID-19.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-1586},
pmid = {32747592},
issn = {1098-4275},
}
@article {pmid32747591,
year = {2020},
author = {Lara, D and Young, T and Del Toro, K and Chan, V and Ianiro, C and Hunt, K and Kleinmahon, J},
title = {Acute Fulminant Myocarditis in a Pediatric Patient With COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-1509},
pmid = {32747591},
issn = {1098-4275},
abstract = {The majority of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) display pulmonary disease; however, a significant portion of patients have cardiac injury as well, with a high incidence of myocarditis documented in the adult population. Pediatric disease from COVID-19 has been relatively rare, and no cases of virus-related cardiac disease have been published. We present a case of an adolescent girl with fulminant myocarditis with complete heart block, elevated troponin I levels, and severely depressed systolic function in the setting of COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32747590,
year = {2020},
author = {Ambrose, AJH},
title = {Inequities During COVID-19.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-1501},
pmid = {32747590},
issn = {1098-4275},
}
@article {pmid32747589,
year = {2020},
author = {Coughlin, CG and Sandel, M and Stewart, AM},
title = {Homelessness, Children, and COVID-19: A Looming Crisis.},
journal = {Pediatrics},
volume = {146},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1542/peds.2020-1408},
pmid = {32747589},
issn = {1098-4275},
}
@article {pmid32747573,
year = {2020},
author = {Sheridan, A and Andersen, AL and Hansen, ET and Johannesen, N},
title = {Social distancing laws cause only small losses of economic activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in Scandinavia.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2010068117},
pmid = {32747573},
issn = {1091-6490},
abstract = {This paper uses real-time transaction data from a large bank in Scandinavia to estimate the effect of social distancing laws on consumer spending in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The analysis exploits a natural experiment to disentangle the effects of the virus and the laws aiming to contain it: Denmark and Sweden were similarly exposed to the pandemic but only Denmark imposed significant restrictions on social and economic activities. We estimate that aggregate spending dropped by around 25% (95% CI: 24 to 26%) in Sweden and, as a result of the shutdown, by 4 additional percentage points (95% CI: 3 to 5 percentage points [p.p.]) in Denmark. This suggests that most of the economic contraction is caused by the virus itself and occurs regardless of social distancing laws. The age gradient in the estimates suggests that social distancing reinforces the virus-induced drop in spending for low-health-risk individuals but attenuates it for high-risk individuals by lowering the overall prevalence of the virus in the society.},
}
@article {pmid32747475,
year = {2020},
author = {Campisi, A and Poletti, V and Ciarrocchi, AP and Salvi, M and Stella, F},
title = {Tension pneumomediastinum in patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Thorax},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/thoraxjnl-2020-215012},
pmid = {32747475},
issn = {1468-3296},
}
@article {pmid32747425,
year = {2020},
author = {Rathnayake, AD and Zheng, J and Kim, Y and Perera, KD and Mackin, S and Meyerholz, DK and Kashipathy, MM and Battaile, KP and Lovell, S and Perlman, S and Groutas, WC and Chang, KO},
title = {3C-like protease inhibitors block coronavirus replication in vitro and improve survival in MERS-CoV-infected mice.},
journal = {Science translational medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1126/scitranslmed.abc5332},
pmid = {32747425},
issn = {1946-6242},
abstract = {Pathogenic coronaviruses are a major threat to global public health, as exemplified by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We describe herein the structure-guided optimization of a series of inhibitors of the coronavirus 3C-like protease (3CLpro), an enzyme essential for viral replication. The optimized compounds were effective against several human coronaviruses including MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in an enzyme assay and in cell-based assays using Huh-7 and Vero E6 cell lines. Two selected compounds showed antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in cultured primary human airway epithelial cells. In a mouse model of MERS-CoV infection, administration of a lead compound one day after virus infection increased survival from 0 to 100% and reduced lung viral titers and lung histopathology. These results suggest that this series of compounds has the potential to be developed further as antiviral drugs against human coronaviruses.},
}
@article {pmid32747404,
year = {2020},
author = {Torjesen, I},
title = {Covid-19: Should the UK be aiming for elimination?.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3071},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3071},
pmid = {32747404},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32747401,
year = {2020},
author = {Ng Cheong Chung, KJ and Kunadian, V},
title = {Frailty assessment in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/jim-2020-001540},
pmid = {32747401},
issn = {1708-8267},
}
@article {pmid32747400,
year = {2020},
author = {Muench, P and Jochum, S and Wenderoth, V and Ofenloch-Haehnle, B and Hombach, M and Strobl, M and Sadlowski, H and Sachse, C and Torriani, G and Eckerle, I and Riedel, A},
title = {Development and Validation of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassay as a Highly Specific Tool for Determining Past Exposure to SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of clinical microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1128/JCM.01694-20},
pmid = {32747400},
issn = {1098-660X},
abstract = {The Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics) was developed to provide accurate, reliable detection of antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We evaluated sensitivity, specificity, cross-reactivity, and agreement with a vesicular stomatitis virus-based pseudo-neutralisation assay for the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay.Sensitivity and agreement between the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and pseudo-neutralisation assay measurements were evaluated using samples from patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, a majority of whom were hospitalised. Specificity was evaluated using samples from routine diagnostic testing/blood donors collected pre-December 2019 and thus deemed negative for SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies. Cross-reactivity was evaluated using samples containing a wide range of potentially cross-reacting analytes, purchased from commercial vendors. For sensitivity and specificity, point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Agreement between the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and pseudo-neutralisation assay was calculated.Sensitivity of the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay in patients with prior PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection was 99.5% (95% CI 97.0-100.0) at ≥14 days post-PCR confirmation. Overall specificity (n=10,453) was 99.80% (99.69-99.88). Only 4/792 samples containing potential cross-reacting analytes were reactive with the Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay, resulting in an overall specificity in this cohort of 99.5% (98.6-99.9). Positive, negative and overall agreement (n=46) between Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay and a pseudo-neutralisation assay were 86.4% (73.3-93.6), 100% (34.2-100) and 87.0% (74.3-93.9), respectively.The Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay demonstrated high sensitivity (99.5% at ≥14 days post-PCR confirmation) and specificity (99.80%), supporting its use as a tool for identification of past SARS-CoV-2 infection, including in populations with low disease prevalence.},
}
@article {pmid32747399,
year = {2020},
author = {Ñamendys-Silva, SA},
title = {Health care workers with COVID-19 in Mexico.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02885-2020},
pmid = {32747399},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid32747398,
year = {2020},
author = {Franco, C and Facciolongo, N and Tonelli, R and Dongilli, R and Vianello, A and Pisani, L and Scala, R and Malerba, M and Carlucci, A and Negri, EA and Spoladore, G and Arcaro, G and Tillio, PA and Lastoria, C and Schifino, G and Tabbi', L and Guidelli, L and Guaraldi, G and Ranieri, VM and Clini, E and Nava, S},
title = {Feasibility and clinical impact of out-of-ICU non-invasive respiratory support in patients with COVID-19 related pneumonia.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02130-2020},
pmid = {32747398},
issn = {1399-3003},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) outbreak spread rapidly in Italy and the lack of intensive care unit(ICU) beds soon became evident, forcing the application of noninvasive respiratory support(NRS) outside the ICU, raising concerns over staff contamination. We aimed to analyse the safety of the hospital staff, the feasibility, and outcomes of NRS applied to patients outside the ICU.<br><br>METHODS: In this observational study, data from 670 consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19 referred to the Pulmonology Units in nine hospitals between March 1st and May 10th,2020 were analysed. Data were collected including medication, mode and usage of the NRS (i.e. high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), noninvasive ventilation(NIV)), length of stay in hospital, endotracheal intubation(ETI) and deaths.<br><br>RESULTS: Forty-two health-care workers (11.4%) tested positive for infection, but only three of them required hospitalisation. Data are reported for all patients (69.3% male), whose mean age was 68 (sd 13) years. The PaO2/FiO2 ratio at baseline was 152±79, and the majority of patients (49.3%) were treated with CPAP. The overall unadjusted 30-day mortality rate was 26.9% with 16%, 30%, and 30%, while the total ETI rate was 27% with 29%, 25% and 28%, for HFNC, CPAP, and NIV, respectively, and the relative probability to die was not related to the NRS used after adjustment for confounders. ETI and length of stay were not different among the groups. Mortality rate increased with age and comorbidity class progression.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The application of NRS outside the ICU is feasible and associated with favourable outcomes. Nonetheless, it was associated with a risk of staff contamination.},
}
@article {pmid32747395,
year = {2020},
author = {Aliberti, S and Radovanovic, D and Billi, F and Sotgiu, G and Costanzo, M and Pilocane, T and Saderi, L and Gramegna, A and Rovellini, A and Perotto, L and Monzani, V and Santus, P and Blasi, F},
title = {Helmet CPAP treatment in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicenter, cohort study.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.01935-2020},
pmid = {32747395},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid32747393,
year = {2020},
author = {Bos, LDJ and Sinha, P and Dickson, RP},
title = {Response to &quot;COVID-19 conundrum: Clinical phenotyping based on pathophysiology as a promising approach to guide therapy in a novel illness&quot; and &quot;Strengthening the foundation of the house of CARDS by phenotyping on the fly&quot; and &quot;COVID-19 phenotypes: leading or misleading?&quot;.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02756-2020},
pmid = {32747393},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid32747392,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, HJ and Zhang, YM and Yang, M and Huang, X},
title = {Re: Predictors of mortality for patients with COVID-19 pneumonia caused by SARSCoV-2: a prospective cohort study.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02439-2020},
pmid = {32747392},
issn = {1399-3003},
}
@article {pmid32747391,
year = {2020},
author = {Torres Acosta, MA and Singer, BD},
title = {Pathogenesis of COVID-19-induced ARDS: implications for an aging population.},
journal = {The European respiratory journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1183/13993003.02049-2020},
pmid = {32747391},
issn = {1399-3003},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has elicited a swift response by the scientific community to elucidate the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2-induced lung injury and develop effective therapeutics. Clinical data indicate that severe COVID-19 most commonly manifests as viral pneumonia-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a clinical entity mechanistically understood best in the context of influenza A virus-induced pneumonia. Similar to influenza, advanced age has emerged as the leading host risk factor for developing severe COVID-19. In this review we connect the current understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 replication cycle and host response to the clinical presentation of COVID-19, borrowing concepts from influenza A virus-induced ARDS pathogenesis and discussing how these ideas inform our evolving understanding of COVID-19-induced ARDS. We also consider important differences between COVID-19 and influenza, mainly COVID-19's protean clinical presentation and associated lymphopenia, the contrasting role of interferon-γ in mediating the host immune response to these viruses, and SARS-CoV-2's tropism for vascular endothelial cells, commenting on the potential limitations of influenza as a model for COVID-19. Finally, we explore hallmarks of aging that could explain the association between advanced age and susceptibility to severe COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32747388,
year = {2020},
author = {Irwin, RE},
title = {Misleading media coverage of Sweden's response to covid-19.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3031},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3031},
pmid = {32747388},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32747387,
year = {2020},
author = {Monterrosa-Castro, A and Redondo-Mendoza, V and Mercado-Lara, M},
title = {Psychosocial factors associated with symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in general practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/jim-2020-001456},
pmid = {32747387},
issn = {1708-8267},
abstract = {Healthcare providers commonly experience symptoms of anxiety during public health crises and pandemics. The objective of the study was to identify the frequency of symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) in general practitioners and to estimate the association with particular psychosocial and demographic factors. This is a cross-sectional study, where a total of 531 general practitioners completed an online form that contained sociodemographic variables, questions about fear and perceptions concerning medical work during the COVID-19 pandemic, 7-Item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), questionnaire on psychosomatic problems and Fear of COVID-19 Scale. The presence of symptoms of GAD was defined by a GAD-7 score of 10 or more points. Voluntary and anonymous participation, acceptance of terms, and informed consent were requested. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Symptoms of GAD were identified in 4 out of 10 Colombian general practitioners; the following psychosocial and demographic factors were associated with a greater presence of these symptoms: female gender, social discrimination, anguish, job disappointment, nightmares, stress and other symptoms of fear regarding the pandemic. Conversely, feeling protected by the state or employer, being satisfied with their job as a physician, and trusting government measures and information were associated with a lower presence of symptoms of GAD. These findings highlight the importance of timely psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological interventions in these individuals. The authors suggest mental health providers should be deployed during times of crisis to decrease the risk of developing mental illness.},
}
@article {pmid32747375,
year = {2020},
author = {Viner, RM and Bonell, C and Drake, L and Jourdan, D and Davies, N and Baltag, V and Jerrim, J and Proimos, J and Darzi, A},
title = {Reopening schools during the COVID-19 pandemic: governments must balance the uncertainty and risks of reopening schools against the clear harms associated with prolonged closure.},
journal = {Archives of disease in childhood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1136/archdischild-2020-319963},
pmid = {32747375},
issn = {1468-2044},
}
@article {pmid32747353,
year = {2020},
author = {Brown, EA and Perl, J},
title = {Increasing Peritoneal Dialysis Use in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Will It Go Viral?.},
journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1681/ASN.2020050729},
pmid = {32747353},
issn = {1533-3450},
}
@article {pmid32747346,
year = {2020},
author = {Tanne, JH},
title = {Covid-19: US needs a national plan to fight rising infections, experts say.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3072},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3072},
pmid = {32747346},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32747337,
year = {2020},
author = {Pick, A},
title = {Covid-19: which country has the most effective lockdown?.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3036},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3036},
pmid = {32747337},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32747332,
year = {2020},
author = {Fraser, E},
title = {Long term respiratory complications of covid-19.},
journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)},
volume = {370},
number = {},
pages = {m3001},
doi = {10.1136/bmj.m3001},
pmid = {32747332},
issn = {1756-1833},
}
@article {pmid32747320,
year = {2020},
author = {Jack, MM and Gattozzi, DA and Camarata, PJ and Shah, KJ},
title = {Live-Streaming Surgery for Medical Student Education - Educational Solutions in Neurosurgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of surgical education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.005},
pmid = {32747320},
issn = {1878-7452},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly altered medical student education. The ability for students to be a part of the operating room team was highly restricted. Technology can be used to ensure ongoing surgical education during this time of limited in-person educational opportunities.<br><br>DESIGN: We have developed an innovative solution of securely live-streaming surgery with real-time communication between the surgeon and students to allow for ongoing education during the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: We successfully live-streamed multiple different types of neurosurgical operations utilizing multiple video sources. This method uses inexpensive, universal equipment that can be implemented at any institution to enable virtual education of medical students and other learners.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This technology has facilitated education during this challenging time. This technological set-up for live-streaming surgery has the potential of improving medical and graduate medical education in the future.},
}
@article {pmid32747316,
year = {2020},
author = {Lie, JJ and Huynh, C and Scott, TM and Karimuddin, AA},
title = {Optimizing Resident Wellness During a Pandemic: University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program's COVID-19 Experience.},
journal = {Journal of surgical education},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.07.017},
pmid = {32747316},
issn = {1878-7452},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The University of British Columbia's General Surgery Program delineates a unique and systematic approach to wellness for surgical residents during a pandemic.<br><br>SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: During the COVID-19 pandemic, health care workers are suffering from increased rates of mental health disturbances. Residents' duty obligations put them at increased physical and mental health risk. It is only by prioritizing their well-being that we can better serve the patients and prepare for a surge. Therefore, it is imperative that measures are put in place to protect them.<br><br>METHODS: Resident wellness was optimized by targeting 3 domains: efficiency of practice, culture of wellness and personal resilience.<br><br>RESULTS: Efficiency in delivering information and patient care minimizes additional stress to residents that is caused by the pandemic. By having a reserve team, prioritizing the safety of residents and taking burnout seriously, the culture of wellness and sense of community in our program are emphasized. All of the residents' personal resilience was further optimized by the regular and mandatory measures put in place by the program.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The new challenges brought on by a pandemic puts increased pressure on residents. Measures must be put in place to protect resident from the increased physical and mental health stress in order to best serve patients during this difficult time.},
}
@article {pmid32747313,
year = {2020},
author = {Kirksey, L and Tucker, DL and Taylor, E and White Solaru, KT and Modlin, CS},
title = {Pandemic Superimposed on Epidemic: Covid-19 Disparities in Black Americans.},
journal = {Journal of the National Medical Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jnma.2020.07.003},
pmid = {32747313},
issn = {1943-4693},
abstract = {Health and healthcare disparities are variances in the health of a population or the care rendered to a population. Disparities result in a disproportionately higher prevalence of disease or lower standard of care provided to the index group. Multiple theories exist regarding the genesis of this disturbing finding. The COVID-19 pandemic has had the unfortunate effect of amplifying health inequity in vulnerable populations. African Americans, who make up approximately 12% of the US population are reportedly being diagnosed with COVID-19 and dying at disproportionately higher rates. Viewed holistically, multiple factors are contributing to the perfect storm: 1) Limited availability of public testing, 2) A dramatic increase in low wage worker unemployment/health insurance loss especially in the service sector of the economy, 3) High rates of preexisting chronic disease states/reduced access to early healthcare and 4) Individual provider and structural healthcare system bias. Indeed, COVID-19 represents a pandemic superimposed on a historic epidemic of racial health inequity and healthcare disparities. Therapeutic solutions are not expected in the near term. Thus, identifying the genesis and magnitude of COVID-19's impact on African American communities is the requisite first step toward crafting an immediate well designed response. The mid and long term approach should incorporate population health based tactics and strategies.},
}
@article {pmid32747303,
year = {2020},
author = {Castagna, V and Armellini, E and Pace, F and , },
title = {How endoscopy centers prepare to reopen after the acute COVID-19 pandemic interruption of activity.},
journal = {Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.dld.2020.07.015},
pmid = {32747303},
issn = {1878-3562},
}
@article {pmid32747214,
year = {2020},
author = {Kochhar, S and Excler, JL and Kim, D and Robertson, JS and Fast, PE and Condit, RC and Drew, S and Wood, D and Gurwith, M and Klug, B and Whelan, M and Khuri-Bulos, N and Mallett Moore, T and Smith, ER and Chen, RT and , },
title = {The Brighton Collaboration standardized template for collection of key information for benefit-risk assessment of inactivated viral vaccines.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.028},
pmid = {32747214},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {Inactivated viral vaccines have long been used in humans for diseases of global health threat and are now among the vaccines for COVID-19 under development. The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) has prepared a standardized template to describe the key considerations for the benefit-risk assessment of inactivated viral vaccines. This will help key stakeholders to assess potential safety issues and understand the benefit-risk of the vaccine platform. The standardized and structured assessment provided by the template would also help to contribute to improved communication and support public acceptance of licensed inactivated viral vaccines.},
}
@article {pmid32747201,
year = {2020},
author = {Steinberg, RL and Johnson, BA and Antonelli, J and Pearle, MS},
title = {Urolithiasis in the COVID Era: An Opportunity to Reassess Management Strategies.},
journal = {European urology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.019},
pmid = {32747201},
issn = {1873-7560},
abstract = {Delayed evaluation and/or treatment for urolithiasis during the COVID-19 pandemic provide a unique opportunity to organically reassess many well-established stone management strategies. Nonopioid analgesia for renal colic and spontaneous passage trials appear to be two avenues worthy of investigation.},
}
@article {pmid32747185,
year = {2020},
author = {Fafi-Kremer, S and Bruel, T and Madec, Y and Grant, R and Tondeur, L and Grzelak, L and Staropoli, I and Anna, F and Souque, P and Fernandes-Pellerin, S and Jolly, N and Renaudat, C and Ungeheuer, MN and Schmidt-Mutter, C and Collongues, N and Bolle, A and Velay, A and Lefebvre, N and Mielcarek, M and Meyer, N and Rey, D and Charneau, P and Hoen, B and De Seze, J and Schwartz, O and Fontanet, A},
title = {Serologic responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospital staff with mild disease in eastern France.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102915},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102915},
pmid = {32747185},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The serologic response of individuals with mild forms of SARS-CoV-2 infection is poorly characterized.<br><br>METHODS: Hospital staff who had recovered from mild forms of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using two assays: a rapid immunodiagnostic test (99.4% specificity) and the S-Flow assay (~99% specificity). The neutralizing activity of the sera was tested with a pseudovirus-based assay.<br><br>FINDINGS: Of 162 hospital staff who participated in the investigation, 160 reported SARS-CoV-2 infection that had not required hospital admission and were included in these analyses. The median time from symptom onset to blood sample collection was 24 days (IQR: 21-28, range 13-39). The rapid immunodiagnostic test detected antibodies in 153 (95.6%) of the samples and the S-Flow assay in 159 (99.4%), failing to detect antibodies in one sample collected 18 days after symptom onset (the rapid test did not detect antibodies in that patient). Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were detected in 79%, 92% and 98% of samples collected 13-20, 21-27 and 28-41 days after symptom onset, respectively (P = 0.02).<br><br>INTERPRETATION: Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected in virtually all hospital staff sampled from 13 days after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. This finding supports the use of serologic testing for the diagnosis of individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. The neutralizing activity of the antibodies increased overtime. Future studies will help assess the persistence of the humoral response and its associated neutralization capacity in recovered patients.<br><br>FUNDINGS: The funders had no role in study design, data collection, interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.},
}
@article {pmid32747181,
year = {2020},
author = {Durfee, SM and Goldenson, RP and Gill, RR and Rincon, SP and Flower, E and Avery, LL},
title = {Medical Student Education Roadblock Due to COVID-19: Virtual Radiology Core Clerkship to the Rescue.},
journal = {Academic radiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.020},
pmid = {32747181},
issn = {1878-4046},
abstract = {RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Medical schools were upended by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in suspension of all in-person educational activities, and leaving clinical clerkships on hold indefinitely. A virtual curriculum and novel teaching methods were needed to fulfill curricular requirements. We developed a comprehensive virtual radiology clerkship and evaluated the efficacy of this novel method of teaching.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 4-week virtual radiology clerkship was designed to accommodate medical students who had not yet completed the required clerkship. The design included online flipped classroom modules, large group didactic lectures, and small group homeroom activities. Student performance was assessed via a standardized online final exam. Feedback from students was collected using online surveys. Student performance was compared to the in-person radiology clerkship.<br><br>RESULTS: One hundred and eleven medical students were enrolled in the virtual radiology clerkship. Final exam scores were similar to the in-person clerkship. Students indicated that small group homeroom activities had the highest overall satisfaction. Students recognized enthusiastic teachers regardless of class format. Exceptional course content and organization were also noted. Course weaknesses included didactic lecture content which was repetitive or too advanced, the limited opportunity to build personal connections with faculty, and scheduling conflicts with other competing school activities.<br><br>CONCLUSION: A completely virtual radiology core clerkship can be a successful educational experience for medical students during a time when remote learning is required. A small group learning environment is most successful for student engagement. Personal connections between faculty and students can be challenging in a virtual course.},
}
@article {pmid32747170,
year = {2020},
author = {Feuchtner, GM and Barbieri, F and Luger, A and Skalla, E and Kountchev, J and Widmann, G and Plank, F},
title = {Myocardial injury in COVID-19: The role of coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA).},
journal = {Journal of cardiovascular computed tomography},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcct.2020.07.002},
pmid = {32747170},
issn = {1876-861X},
}
@article {pmid32747166,
year = {2020},
author = {Buitrago Ramírez, F and Ciurana Misol, R and Fernández Alonso, MDC and Tizón, JL},
title = {[COVID-19 pandemic and mental health: Initial considerations from spanish primary health care].},
journal = {Atencion primaria},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.aprim.2020.06.006},
pmid = {32747166},
issn = {1578-1275},
abstract = {An approach is made to the psychological and psychosocial characteristics that the COVID-19 pandemic is acquiring in the countries of our socio-cultural environment. The scarcity of research in this regard and the necessary acceptance of uncertainty to face the situation, both socially, as well as health and psychological, are discussed. Consequently, a series of reflections and recommendations are proposed for the psychological care of the population, health workers and social organization based on: 1) The existence of psychological and psychosocial research into connected fields and 2) In the new neuroscientific perspectives on emotions and their elaboration in crisis situations.},
}
@article {pmid32747165,
year = {2020},
author = {Pergolizzi, JV and Varrassi, G and Magnusson, P and LeQuang, JA and Leopoulou, M and Paladini, A and Taylor, R and Wollmuth, C and Breve, F and , },
title = {The concern about ACE/ARB and COVID-19: Time to hold your horses!.},
journal = {Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.japh.2020.06.026},
pmid = {32747165},
issn = {1544-3450},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Concern about coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) morbidity and mortality has drawn attention to the potential role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARBs) because the SARS-CoV-2 uses the ACE2 receptor as its point of entry into the body. Our objective is to explore what is known and unknown about the role of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>SUMMARY: It is not clear if and to what degree the SARS-CoV-2 virus affects the renin-angoiotensin system. Early studies from China which speculated on the role of ACE inhibition and ARBs did not evaluate the drug regimens. A vast body of evidence supports the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in hypertensive patients and patients with heart failure, and very little evidence has been acquired about their role in COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSION: There is good evidence in support of the use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs in indicated patients with hypertension and heart failure, and clinicians should be reticent about abruptly withdrawing these drugs based on a paucity of evidence.},
}
@article {pmid32747164,
year = {2020},
author = {Hoffman, JD and Shayegani, R and Spoutz, PM and Hillman, AD and Smith, JP and Wells, DL and Popish, SJ and Himstreet, JE and Manning, JM and Bounthavong, M and Christopher, MLD},
title = {Virtual academic detailing (e-Detailing): A vital tool during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.japh.2020.06.028},
pmid = {32747164},
issn = {1544-3450},
abstract = {As the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues its course in 2020, telehealth technology provides opportunities to connect patients and providers. Health policies have been amended to allow easy access to virtual health care, highlighting the field's dynamic ability to adapt to a public health crisis. Academic detailing, a peer-to-peer collaborative outreach designed to improve clinical decision-making, has traditionally relied on in-person encounters for effectiveness. A growth in the adoption of telehealth technology translates to increases in academic detailing reach for providers unable to meet with academic detailers in person. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) has used academic detailing to promote and reinforce evidence-based practices and has encouraged more virtual academic detailing (e-Detailing). Moreover, VA academic detailers are primarily clinical pharmacy specialists who provide clinical services and education and have made meaningful contributions to improving health care at VA. Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and physical isolation orders, VA academic detailers have continued to meet with providers to disseminate critical health care information in a timely fashion by using video-based telehealth. When working through the adoption of virtual technology for the delivery of medical care, providers may need time and nontraditional delivery of &quot;evidence&quot; before eliciting signals for change. Academic detailers are well suited for this role and can develop plans to help address provider discomfort surrounding the use of telehealth technology. By using e-Detailing as a method for both familiarizing and normalizing health professionals with video-based telehealth technology, pharmacists are uniquely poised to deliver consultation and direct-care services. Moreover, academic detailing pharmacists are ambassadors of change, serving an important role navigating the evolution of health care in response to emergent public health crises and helping define the norms of care delivery to follow.},
}
@article {pmid32747161,
year = {2020},
author = {Kuehnel, NA and Yngsdal-Krenz, RTR and Glazer, JM},
title = {Dead in the air? Case report highlighting need to adapt to CoVID adaptations.},
journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.047},
pmid = {32747161},
issn = {1532-8171},
abstract = {During the recent CoVID-19 pandemic, airway management recommendations have been provided to decrease aerosolization and risk of viral spread to healthcare providers. High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) viral filters and adaptors are one way to decrease the risk of aerosolization during intubation. When placed proximal to the ventilator circuit, these viral filters and adaptors can create a significant amount of dead space, which in our smallest patients can significantly impact effective ventilation. We report a case of hypoventilation in a pediatric patient due to lack of provider team appreciation or ventilator sensing of additional dead space due to HEPA viral filter and adaptor.},
}
@article {pmid32747159,
year = {2020},
author = {Caeiro-Rey, JR and Ojeda-Thies, C and Cassinello-Ogea, C and Sáez-López, MP and Etxebarría-Foronda, Í and Pareja-Sierra, T and Larrainzar-Garijo, R and Figueroa-Rodríguez, J and Freire Romero, A and Sende-Munin, N and Del Río-Pombo, E and Carro-Méndez, B and Mesa-Ramos, M and González-Macías, J and Tarazona-Santabalbina, FJ},
title = {[COVID-19 and fragility hip fracture. Joint recommendations of the Spanish Society of Osteoporotic Fractures and the Spanish Society of Geriatrics and Gerontology].},
journal = {Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.regg.2020.07.001},
pmid = {32747159},
issn = {1578-1747},
}
@article {pmid32747158,
year = {2020},
author = {Palacio Sanguino, A and Acosta Ospina, LE and Callejas de Luca, E},
title = {[End-of-life decisions during the COVID 19 pandemic].},
journal = {Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.regg.2020.04.002},
pmid = {32747158},
issn = {1578-1747},
}
@article {pmid32747157,
year = {2020},
author = {Johnson, BS and Laloraya, M},
title = {A cytokine super cyclone in COVID-19 patients with risk factors: the therapeutic potential of BCG immunization.},
journal = {Cytokine &amp; growth factor reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.06.014},
pmid = {32747157},
issn = {1879-0305},
abstract = {The seventh human coronavirus SARS-CoV2 belongs to the cluster of extremely pathogenic coronaviruses including SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, which can cause fatal lower respiratory tract infection. Likewise, SARS-CoV2 infection can be fatal as the disease advances to pneumonia, followed by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The development of lethal clinical symptons is associated with an exaggerated production of inflammatory cytokines, referred to as the cytokine storm, is a consequence of a hyperactivated immune response aginst the infection. In this article, we discuss the pathogenic consequences of the cytokine storm and its relationship with COVID-19 associated risk factors. The increased pro-inflammatory immune status in patients with risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, COPD) exacerbates the Cytokine-storm of COVID-19 into a 'Cytokine Super Cyclone'. We also evaluate the antiviral immune responses provided by BCG vaccination and the potential role of 'trained immunity' in early protection against SARS-CoV2.},
}
@article {pmid32747155,
year = {2020},
author = {Hernández-Galdamez, DR and González-Block, MÁ and Romo-Dueñas, DK and Lima-Morales, R and Hernández-Vicente, IA and Lumbreras-Guzmán, M and Méndez-Hernández, P},
title = {Increased Risk of Hospitalization and Death in Patients with COVID-19 and Pre-existing Noncommunicable Diseases and Modifiable Risk Factors in Mexico.},
journal = {Archives of medical research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.07.003},
pmid = {32747155},
issn = {1873-5487},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The population in Mexico has high prevalence rates of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Hospitalization and death of COVID-19 patients in the countries most affected by the pandemic has been associated to chronic comorbidities.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of NCDs in patients with COVID-19 in Mexico and analyze the increased risk due to comorbidities and risk factors on hospitalization, utilization of intensive care units and death.<br><br>METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed from 212,802 confirmed COVID-19 cases reported by the Ministry of Health up to June 27, 2020. Odds ratios were performed using logistic regression model.<br><br>RESULTS: Up to 47.40% of patients with COVID-19 diagnosis were also reported with a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most frequent (20.12%). The report of at least one NCD significantly increased the risk of death with respect to patients without such diagnoses. Chronic kidney disease increased the risk of death the most (OR 2.31), followed by diabetes (OR 1.69), immunosuppression (OR 1.62), obesity (OR 1.42), hypertension (OR 1.24), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR 1.20). The comorbidities that most increased the risk of ICU and of intubation were diabetes, immunosuppression and obesity.<br><br>CONCLUSION: NCD comorbidities increase the severity of COVID-19 infection. Given high NCD prevalence rates among the Mexican population, the pandemic poses a special threat to the health system and to society. Special prevention measures need to be strengthened for persons with NCD diagnoses in the short-term. In the mid-term, disease control strategies need to be improved to protect these patients against COVID-19 severity.},
}
@article {pmid32747147,
year = {2020},
author = {Friedmann, PD and Abraham, A and Evans, E and Glass, J and Ilgen, M and Montgomery, L},
title = {Editorial: COVID-19 and its impact on SUD treatment.},
journal = {Journal of substance abuse treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108091},
doi = {10.1016/j.jsat.2020.108091},
pmid = {32747147},
issn = {1873-6483},
}
@article {pmid32747141,
year = {2020},
author = {Lamparello, NA and Choi, S and Charalel, R and Lee, KS and Kesselman, A and Scherer, K and Harnain, CM and Browne, WF and Shiffman, M and Holzwanger, DJ and Pua, BB},
title = {Transforming Positive Pressure IR Suites to Treat COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {Journal of vascular and interventional radiology : JVIR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jvir.2020.06.019},
pmid = {32747141},
issn = {1535-7732},
}
@article {pmid32747135,
year = {2020},
author = {Hamzaoglu, K and Erel, CT},
title = {Should estrogen be used in the co-treatment of COVID-19 patients? What is the rationale?.},
journal = {Maturitas},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.015},
pmid = {32747135},
issn = {1873-4111},
}
@article {pmid32747134,
year = {2020},
author = {Cano, A and Ramírez, I and De la Viuda, E and Baquedano, L and Coronado, P and Llaneza, P and Otero, B and Sánchez, S and Cancelo, MJ and Páramo, JA and Mendoza, N},
title = {Response to &quot;Should estrogen be used in the co-treatment of COVID-19 patients?&quot;.},
journal = {Maturitas},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.014},
pmid = {32747134},
issn = {1873-4111},
}
@article {pmid32747133,
year = {2020},
author = {Kotabagi, P and Nauta, M and Fortune, L and Yoong, W},
title = {COVID-19 positive mothers are not more anxious or depressed than non COVID pregnant women during the pandemic: A pilot case-control comparison.},
journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.037},
pmid = {32747133},
issn = {1872-7654},
}
@article {pmid32747132,
year = {2020},
author = {Filimonovic, D and Lackovic, M and Filipovic, I and Orlic, NK and Markovic, VM and Djukic, V and Stevanovic, IP and Mihajlovic, S},
title = {Intrauterine transfusion in COVID-19 positive mother vertical transmission risk assessment.},
journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.039},
pmid = {32747132},
issn = {1872-7654},
}
@article {pmid32747081,
year = {2020},
author = {Pines, JM},
title = {COVID-19, Medicare for All, and the Uncertain Future of Emergency Medicine.},
journal = {Annals of emergency medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.annemergmed.2020.06.034},
pmid = {32747081},
issn = {1097-6760},
}
@article {pmid32747012,
year = {2020},
author = {Cui, H and Wu, F and Fan, Z and Cheng, X and Cheng, J and Fan, M},
title = {The effects of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) with hypertension: A retrospective, single-center trial.},
journal = {Medicina clinica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.007},
pmid = {32747012},
issn = {1578-8989},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: A recent outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) occurs in the worldwide. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) can mediate coronavirus entry into host cells. Therefore, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors (RASI) were suspected of contributing to the increase of coronavirus infection. We aimed to analyze the effects of RASI in COVID-19 patients with hypertension.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHOD: In this retrospective, single-center study, 27 COVID-19 patients with hypertension, who were admitted to the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from January 25, 2020 to January 31, 2020, were analyzed for clinical features, laboratory parameters, medications and the length of stay. All the patients were given antiviral and antihypertension treatment, of which 14 patients were treated with RASI and 13 patients without RASI.<br><br>RESULTS: Comparing the two groups, we did not found statistically significant differences in clinical symptoms and laboratory tests. Furthermore, cough was not aggravated.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Through the analysis of this small sample, RASI could be deemed safe and effective to control high blood pressure of COVID-19 patients. Further analysis with a larger sampling size is required to explore the underlying mechanisms.},
}
@article {pmid32747009,
year = {2020},
author = {Hudda, N and Simon, MC and Patton, AP and Durant, JL},
title = {Reductions in traffic-related black carbon and ultrafine particle number concentrations in an urban neighborhood during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {140931},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140931},
pmid = {32747009},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {We investigated changes in traffic-related air pollutant concentrations in an urban area during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study was conducted in a mixed commercial-residential neighborhood in Somerville (MA, USA), where traffic is the dominant source of air pollution. Measurements were made between March 27 and May 14, 2020, coinciding with a dramatic reduction in traffic (71% drop in car and 46% drop in truck traffic) due to business shutdowns and a statewide stay-at-home advisory. Indicators of fresh vehicular emissions (ultrafine particle number concentration [PNC] and black carbon [BC]) were measured with a mobile monitoring platform on an interstate highway and major and minor roadways. Our results show that depending on road class, median PNC and BC contributions from traffic were 60-68% and 22-46% lower, respectively, during the lockdown compared to pre-pandemic conditions, and corresponding reductions in total on-road concentrations were 45-69% and 22-56%, respectively. A higher BC: PNC concentration ratio was observed during the lockdown period likely indicative of the higher fraction of diesel vehicles in the fleet during the lockdown. Overall, the scale of reductions in ultrafine particle and BC concentrations was commensurate with the reductions in traffic. This natural experiment allowed us to quantify the direct impacts of reductions in traffic emissions on neighborhood-scale air quality, which are not captured by the regional regulatory-monitoring network. These results underscore the importance of measurements of appropriate proxies for traffic emissions at relevant spatial scales. Our results are useful for exposure analysis as well as city and regional planners evaluating mitigation strategies for traffic-related air pollution.},
}
@article {pmid32747007,
year = {2020},
author = {Shah, K},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 and Thrombosis: More Than Just by Chance.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.023},
pmid = {32747007},
issn = {1538-2990},
}
@article {pmid32747006,
year = {2020},
author = {Perez, R and Summer, R},
title = {On Race and the Environment in the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2020.07.014},
pmid = {32747006},
issn = {1538-2990},
}
@article {pmid32747002,
year = {2020},
author = {Ulhaq, ZS and Soraya, GV and Fauziah, FA},
title = {Recurrent positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA tests in recovered and discharged patients.},
journal = {Revista clinica espanola},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.rce.2020.06.012},
pmid = {32747002},
issn = {1578-1860},
}
@article {pmid32746957,
year = {2020},
author = {Ma, X and Ng, M and Xu, S and Xu, Z and Qiu, H and Liu, Y and Lyu, J and You, J and Zhao, P and Wang, S and Tang, Y and Cui, H and Yu, C and Wang, F and Shao, F and Sun, P and Tang, Z},
title = {Development and Validation of Prognosis Model of Mortality Risk in Patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-25},
doi = {10.1017/S0950268820001727},
pmid = {32746957},
issn = {1469-4409},
}
@article {pmid32746955,
year = {2020},
author = {Parekh, N and Deierlein, A},
title = {Health Behaviors during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Obesity.},
journal = {Public health nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1017/S1368980020003031},
pmid = {32746955},
issn = {1475-2727},
abstract = {Obesity is a risk factor for severe complications and death from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Public health efforts to control the pandemic may alter health behaviors related to weight gain, inflammation, and poor cardiometabolic health, exacerbating the prevalence of obesity, poor immune health, and chronic diseases. We reviewed how the pandemic adversely influences many of these behaviors, specifically physical activity, sedentary behaviors, sleep, and dietary intakes, and provided individual level strategies that may be used to mitigate them. At the community level and higher, public health and health care professionals need to advocate for intervention strategies and policy changes that address these behaviors, such as increasing nutrition assistance programs and creating designated areas for recreation and active transportation, to reduce disparities among vulnerable populations. The long-lasting impact of the pandemic on health behaviors, and the possibility of a second COVID-19 wave, emphasize the need for creative and evolving, multi-level approaches to assist individuals in adapting their health behaviors to prevent both chronic and infectious diseases.},
}
@article {pmid32746953,
year = {2020},
author = {Grant, J and Wilmore, S and McCann, N and Donnelly, O and Lai, R and Kinsella, M and Rochford, H and Patel, T and Kelsey, M and Andrews, J},
title = {Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in healthcare workers at a London NHS Trust.},
journal = {Infection control and hospital epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1017/ice.2020.402},
pmid = {32746953},
issn = {1559-6834},
abstract = {Healthcare workers (HCWs) have a theoretically increased risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2 given their occupational exposure. We tested 2167 HCWs in a London Acute Integrated Care Organisation for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in May and June 2020 to evaluate seroprevalence. We found a seropositivity rate of 31.6% among HCWs.},
}
@article {pmid32746940,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, Y and Nie, HX and Hu, K and Wu, XJ and Zhang, YT and Wang, MM and Wang, T and Zheng, ZS and Li, XC and Zeng, SL},
title = {Abnormal immunity of non-survivors with COVID-19: predictors for mortality.},
journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {108},
doi = {10.1186/s40249-020-00723-1},
pmid = {32746940},
issn = {2049-9957},
support = {81500022//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2020FCA002//Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The number of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases has rapidly increased all over the world. Specific information about immunity in non-survivors with COVID-19 is scarce. This study aimed to analyse the clinical characteristics and abnormal immunity of the confirmed COVID-19 non-survivors.<br><br>METHODS: In this single-centered, retrospective, observational study, we enrolled 125 patients with COVID-19 who were died between January 13 and March 4, 2020 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. A total of 414 randomly recruited patients with confirmed COVID-19 who were discharged from the same hospital during the same period served as control. The demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory findings at admission, and treatment used in these patients were collected. The immunity-related risk factors associated with in-hospital death were tested by logistic regression models and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve.<br><br>RESULTS: Non-survivors (70 years, IQR: 61.5-80) were significantly older than survivors (54 years, IQR: 37-65) (P < 0.001). 56.8% of non-survivors was male. Nearly half of the patients (44.9%) had chronic medical illness. In non-survivors, hypertension (49.6%) was the most common comorbidity, followed by diabetes (20.0%) and coronary heart disease (16.0%). The common signs and symptoms at admission of non-survivors were fever (88%), followed by cough (64.8%), dyspnea (62.4%), fatigue (62.4%) and chest tightness (58.4%). Compared with survivors, non-survivors had higher white blood cell (WBC) count (7.85 vs 5.07 × 109/L), more elevated neutrophil count (6.41 vs 3.08 × 109/L), smaller lymphocyte count (0.69 vs 1.20 × 109/L) and lower platelet count (172 vs 211 × 109/L), raised concentrations of procalcitonin (0.21 vs 0.06 ng/mL) and CRP (70.5 vs 7.2 mg/L) (P < 0.001). This was accompanied with significantly decreased levels of CD3+ T cells (277 vs 814 cells/μl), CD4+ T cells (172 vs 473 cells/μl), CD8+ T cells (84 vs 262.5 cells/μl, P < 0.001), CD19+ T cells (88 vs 141 cells/μl) and CD16+ 56+ T cells (79 vs 128.5 cells/μl) (P < 0.001). The concentrations of immunoglobulins (Ig) G (13.30 vs 11.95 g/L), IgA (2.54 vs 2.21 g/L), and IgE (71.30 vs 42.25 IU/ml) were increased, whereas the levels of complement proteins (C)3 (0.89 vs 0.99 g/L) and C4 (0.22 vs 0.24 g/L) were decreased in non-survivors when compared with survivors (all P < 0.05). The non-survivors presented lower levels of oximetry saturation (90 vs 97%) at rest and lactate (2.40 vs 1.90 mmol/L) (P < 0.001). Old age, comorbidity of malignant tumor, neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, low CD4+ T cells, decreased C3, and low oximetry saturation were the risk factors of death in patients with confirmed COVID-19. The frequency of CD4+ T cells positively correlated with the numbers of lymphocytes (r = 0.787) and the level of oximetry saturation (r = 0.295), Whereas CD4+ T cells were negatively correlated with age (r =-0.323) and the numbers of neutrophils (r = - 0.244) (all P < 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal cellular immunity and humoral immunity were key features of non-survivors with COVID-19. Neutrophilia, lymphocytopenia, low CD4+ T cells, and decreased C3 were immunity-related risk factors predicting mortality of patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32746930,
year = {2020},
author = {De Lorenzo, A and Tarsitano, MG and Falcone, C and Di Renzo, L and Romano, L and Macheda, S and Ferrarelli, A and Labate, D and Tescione, M and Bilotta, F and Gualtieri, P},
title = {Fat mass affects nutritional status of ICU COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {299},
doi = {10.1186/s12967-020-02464-z},
pmid = {32746930},
issn = {1479-5876},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obesity and steatosis are associated with COVID-19 severe pneumonia. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced immune response are typical of these patients. In particular, adipose tissue is the organ playing the crucial role. So, it is necessary to evaluate fat mass and not simpler body mass index (BMI), because BMI leaves a portion of the obese population unrecognized. The aim is to evaluate the relationship between Percentage of Fat Mass (FM%) and immune-inflammatory response, after 10 days in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).<br><br>METHODS: Prospective observational study of 22 adult patients, affected by COVID-19 pneumonia and admitted to the ICU and classified in two sets: (10) lean and (12) obese, according to FM% and age (De Lorenzo classification). Patients were analyzed at admission in ICU and at 10th day.<br><br>RESULTS: Obese have steatosis, impaired hepatic function, compromise immune response and higher inflammation. In addition, they have a reduced prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional survival index for ICU patients.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This is the first study evaluating FM% in COVID-19 patient. We underlined obese characteristic with likely poorly prognosis and an important misclassification of obesity. A not negligible number of patients with normal BMI could actually have an excess of adipose tissue and therefore have an unfavorable outcome such as an obese. Is fundamental personalized patients nutrition basing on disease phases.},
}
@article {pmid32746929,
year = {2020},
author = {Ghahramani, S and Tabrizi, R and Lankarani, KB and Kashani, SMA and Rezaei, S and Zeidi, N and Akbari, M and Heydari, ST and Akbari, H and Nowrouzi-Sohrabi, P and Ahmadizar, F},
title = {Laboratory features of severe vs. non-severe COVID-19 patients in Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European journal of medical research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {30},
doi = {10.1186/s40001-020-00432-3},
pmid = {32746929},
issn = {2047-783X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: More severe cases of COVID- 19 are more likely to be hospitalized and around one-fifth, needing ICU admission. Understanding the common laboratory features of COVID-19 in more severe cases versus non-severe patients could be quite useful for clinicians and might help to predict the model of disease progression. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the laboratory test findings in severe vs. non-severe confirmed infected cases of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: Electronic databases were systematically searched in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from the beginning of 2019 to 3rd of March 2020. Heterogeneity across included studies was determined using Cochrane's Q test and the I2 statistic. We used the fixed or random-effect models to pool the weighted mean differences (WMDs) or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<br><br>FINDINGS: Out of a total of 3009 citations, 17 articles (22 studies, 21 from China and one study from Singapore) with 3396 ranging from 12 to1099 patients were included. Our meta-analyses showed a significant decrease in lymphocyte, monocyte, and eosinophil, hemoglobin, platelet, albumin, serum sodium, lymphocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LCR), leukocyte to C-reactive protein ratio (LeCR), leukocyte to IL-6 ratio (LeIR), and an increase in the neutrophil, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), Procalcitonin (PCT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), D-dimer, glucose level, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the severe group compared with the non-severe group. No significant changes in white blood cells (WBC), Creatine Kinase (CK), troponin I, myoglobin, IL-6 and K between the two groups were observed.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: This meta-analysis provides evidence for the differentiation of severe cases of COVID-19 based on laboratory test results at the time of ICU admission. Future well-methodologically designed studies from other populations are strongly recommended.},
}
@article {pmid32746922,
year = {2020},
author = {Geifman, N and Whetton, AD},
title = {A consideration of publication-derived immune-related associations in Coronavirus and related lung damaging diseases.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {297},
doi = {10.1186/s12967-020-02472-z},
pmid = {32746922},
issn = {1479-5876},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome virus SARS-CoV-2, a close relative of the SARS-CoV virus, is the cause of the recent COVID-19 pandemic affecting, to date, over 14 million individuals across the globe and demonstrating relatively high rates of infection and mortality. A third virus, the H5N1, responsible for avian influenza, has caused infection with some clinical similarities to those in COVID-19 infections. Cytokines, small proteins that modulate immune responses, have been directly implicated in some of the severe responses seen in COVID-19 patients, e.g. cytokine storms. Understanding the immune processes related to COVID-19, and other similar infections, could help identify diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.<br><br>METHODS: Here we examine data of cytokine, immune cell types, and disease associations captured from biomedical literature associated with COVID-19, Coronavirus in general, SARS, and H5N1 influenza, with the objective of identifying potentially useful relationships and areas for future research.<br><br>RESULTS: Cytokine and cell-type associations captured from Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms linked to thousands of PubMed records, has identified differing patterns of associations between the four corpuses of publications (COVID-19, Coronavirus, SARS, or H5N1 influenza). Clustering of cytokine-disease co-occurrences in the context of Coronavirus has identified compelling clusters of co-morbidities and symptoms, some of which already known to be linked to COVID-19. Finally, network analysis identified sub-networks of cytokines and immune cell types associated with different manifestations, co-morbidities and symptoms of Coronavirus, SARS, and H5N1.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Systematic review of research in medicine is essential to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions. In a fast moving pandemic the approach taken here will identify trends and enable rapid comparison to the literature of related diseases.},
}
@article {pmid32746913,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, Y and Li, J and Zhong, D and Zhang, Y and Zhang, Y and Guo, Y and Clarke, M and Jin, R},
title = {Clinical practice guidelines and experts' consensuses of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for novel coronavirus (COVID-19): protocol of a systematic review.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {9},
number = {1},
pages = {170},
doi = {10.1186/s13643-020-01432-4},
pmid = {32746913},
issn = {2046-4053},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization declared on March 11, 2020, that the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) has escalated from epidemic into pandemic. As the initial outbreak area, China has taken multiple active measures to deal with the epidemic. Updated versions of diagnosis and treatment guideline for novel coronavirus (COVID-19) patients have been issued, and traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been recommended as a treatment. The objective of this study will be to summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines about the use of traditional Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19 patients. We will also evaluate and report on the methodological and reporting quality of these guidelines.<br><br>METHODS: In this systematic review, we will search for guidelines, expert consensuses, and policy documents published since December 2019 in electronic databases (e.g., PubMed, EMBASE, and Chinese databases) and on websites of governments or organizations (e.g., The National Guideline Clearinghouse [NGC], Guidelines International Network [GIN], National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE), Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN], and WHO). Eligible documents will be independently selected, and relevant data will be independently extracted by two reviewers. We will also independently evaluate the methodological quality and reporting quality of the included guidelines, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch &amp; Evaluation (AGREE) II tool and Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT) statement, respectively. Any discrepancies will be discussed and resolved through discussion among the reviewers. We will use the extracted information to summarize their recommendations for traditional Chinese herbal formulae and Chinese patent medicine for COVID-19 patients and to summarize the strength and quality of these recommendations with reference to the results of AGREE II and RIGHT tools.<br><br>DISCUSSION: This review will summarize the recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines and provide insight into the implementation strategies for traditional Chinese herbal medicine in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>PROSPERO CRD42020179205.},
}
@article {pmid32746851,
year = {2020},
author = {Sakellariou, D and Malfitano, APS and Rotarou, ES},
title = {Disability inclusiveness of government responses to COVID-19 in South America: a framework analysis study.},
journal = {International journal for equity in health},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {131},
doi = {10.1186/s12939-020-01244-x},
pmid = {32746851},
issn = {1475-9276},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Disabled people are particularly exposed to the risks of COVID-19, as well as to the measures taken to address it, and their impact. The aim of the study was to examine the disability-inclusiveness of government responses to COVID-19 in four South American Countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Peru.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted documentary research, using framework analysis to analyse reports, legislation, decrees, and other official documents that communicated measures taken in response to the pandemic, published from February 1st until May 22nd, 2020. We included documents reporting measures that affected disabled people either directly (measures specifically designed for disabled people) or indirectly (measures for the general population). We developed an analytical framework based on recommendations for disability-inclusive response to COVID-19 published by the Economic Commission for Latin America and the Carribean, the World Health Organisation, and other international organisations.<br><br>RESULTS: We analysed 72 documents. The findings highlight that while some positive measures were taken, the needs of disabled people were not fully considered. Several countries published recommendations for a disability-inclusive response to COVID-19, without ensuring their translation to practice. All countries took at least some steps to ensure access to financial support, health, and education for disabled people, but at the same time they also implemented policies that had a detrimental impact on disabled people. The populations that are most exposed to the impacts of COVID-19, including disabled people living in institutional care, were protected in several cases only by recommendations rather by legislation.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This study illustrates how the official government responses taken by four countries in the region - while positive, in several aspects - do not fully address the needs of disabled people, thus further disadvantaging them. In order to ensure response to COVID - 19 is disability inclusive, it is necessary to translate recommendations to practice, consider disabled people both in mainstream policy and in disability-specific measures, and focus on the long-term reconstruction phase.},
}
@article {pmid32746805,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, R and Liu, G and Huang, X and Jia, C and Xia, Z and Song, W and Li, X and Wang, X and Li, H},
title = {Dynamic changes in clinical and CT characteristics of COVID-19 cases with different exposure histories: a retrospective study.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {567},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-020-05306-x},
pmid = {32746805},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {81771806//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 61936013//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BMU2018MX027//Peking University Medicine Seed Fund for Interdisciplinary Research/ ; PYZ19162//Capital medical university research and incubation funding/ ; 2018000021469G290//Beijing Excellent Talent Plan/ ; 2020-TG-002//Beijing Municipal Health Commission, technology achievements and appropriate technology promotion project/ ; BJYAYY-2020YC-03//YouAn Medical Development Project of COVID-19 Emergency Prevention and Control Public/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To assess the dynamic changes in clinical and CT characteristics of COVID-19 patients with different epidemiology histories.<br><br>METHODS: Fifty-three discharged COVID-19 patients were enrolled at Beijing YouAn Hospital, Capital Medical University, between January 21 and March 10, 2020. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between CT scores and laboratory indicators. Patients were divided into the Wuhan group (lived in or with travel to Wuhan, numbering 30 cases) and non-Wuhan group (close contacts or unknown exposure, totaling 23 cases). The CT and laboratory findings were compared between and within groups during the clinical process.<br><br>RESULTS: Fever (88.7%), cough (64.2%), fatigue (34%), and abnormal laboratory indicators, including lymphopenia, reduced albumin, albumin/globulin (A/G), and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), were mainly observed. Subpleural ground-glass opacities (86.8%) were usually detected at admission. The CT scores were highly correlated with lymphocytes, CRP, albumin, and A/G at initial and follow-ups (all p < 0.05). Four days after admission, most patients (66.7% Wuhan, 47.8% non-Wuhan) showed progression, and the CT scores of Wuhan significantly increased (p = 0.015). Eight days after admission, the vast majority of patients (69.2% Wuhan, 100% non-Wuhan, p = 0.006) presented improvement, and the CT scores of non-Wuhan were significantly lower than Wuhan (p = 0.006). Pneumonia was completely absorbed in most patients 2-4 weeks after discharge.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: CT plays a crucial role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of changes in COVID-19. Lymphocytes, CRP, albumin, and A/G are expected to predict disease severity and prognosis. Viral pathogenicity in non-endemic areas may be weaker than core-infected areas. In most patients, lung lesions can disappear around 4 weeks after discharge.},
}
@article {pmid32746801,
year = {2020},
author = {Gao, YJ and Ye, L and Zhang, JS and Yin, YX and Liu, M and Yu, HB and Zhou, R},
title = {Clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {564},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-020-05274-2},
pmid = {32746801},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {No. 81571465, No. 81871175//the National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The recent COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China, has quickly spread throughout the world. In this study, we systematically reviewed the clinical features and outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched from January 1, 2020, to April 16, 2020. Case reports and case series of pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 were included. Two reviewers screened 366 studies and 14 studies were included. Four reviewers independently extracted the features from the studies. We used a random-effects model to analyse the incidence (P) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.<br><br>RESULTS: The meta-analysis included 236 pregnant women with COVID-19. The results were as follows: positive CT findings (71%; 95% CI, 0.49-0.93), caesarean section (65%; 95% CI, 0.42-0.87), fever (51%; 95% CI, 0.35-0.67), lymphopenia (49%; 95% CI, 0.29-0.70), coexisting disorders (33%; 95% CI, 0.21-0.44), cough (31%; 95% CI, 0.23-0.39), fetal distress (29%; 95% CI, 0.08-0.49), preterm labor (23%; 95% CI, 0.14-0.32), and severe case or death (12%; 95% CI, 0.03-0.20). The subgroup analysis showed that compared with non-pregnant patients, pregnant women with COVID-19 had significantly lower incidences of fever (pregnant women, 51%; non-pregnant patients, 91%; P < 0.00001) and cough (pregnant women, 31%; non-pregnant patients, 67%; P < 0.0001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of fever, cough and positive CT findings in pregnant women with COVID-19 are less than those in the normal population with COVID-19, but the rate of preterm labor is higher among pregnant with COVID-19 than among normal pregnant women. There is currently no evidence that COVID-19 can spread through vertical transmission.},
}
@article {pmid32746766,
year = {2020},
author = {D' Aguanno, V and Ralli, M and Ercoli, L and Greco, A and de Vincentiis, M},
title = {Reply to &quot;An Approach to Manage Epistaxis in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resource-Constrained Settings&quot;.},
journal = {Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {194599820947363},
doi = {10.1177/0194599820947363},
pmid = {32746766},
issn = {1097-6817},
}
@article {pmid32746761,
year = {2020},
author = {Watkins, S and Neubrander, J},
title = {Primary-care registered nurse telehealth policy implications.},
journal = {Journal of telemedicine and telecare},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1357633X20940142},
doi = {10.1177/1357633X20940142},
pmid = {32746761},
issn = {1758-1109},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drastically changed health-care delivery models within primary-care settings. Primary-care providers are limiting routine care face-to-face office visits while triaging COVID-19 symptomatic patients to hospital emergency rooms. Primary-care providers are rapidly adopting telehealth modalities for care provisions during this unprecedented pandemic to allow practices to continue delivering primary care while preventing community spread of COVID-19. Federal legislation has responded to emergent public-health needs by removing barriers that have impeded widespread adoption of telehealth modalities. This legislation has omitted professional registered nurses (RNs) from delivering reimbursable telehealth services, which is problematic for primary-care practice. RNs historically have led telehealth service delivery and should therefore be included in new legislation as eligible health professionals permitted to provide reimbursable telehealth services. RNs improve quality outcomes in primary care within innovative team-based care models and are essential clinicians capable of providing ongoing care coordination and disease management for patients needing to stay on track with their usual care needs.},
}
@article {pmid32746750,
year = {2020},
author = {Tebeje, TH and Klein, J},
title = {Applications of e-Health to Support Person-Centered Health Care at the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0201},
pmid = {32746750},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Background: Many e-health services were launched after countries relaxed their telehealth regulations to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. e-Health technologies that support person-centered health care are crucial for the patient's needs. In this systematic review, we examined how e-health applications are used to support person-centered health care at the time of COVID-19. Methodology: Literature was systematically searched without language restriction and publication status between January 1 and May 25, 2020, to describe e-health's support on the person-centered health care to control the COVID-19 pandemic. PubMed, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL, MedRxiv, and Web of Science were used. Two researchers independently assessed the eligibility of each retrieved record. All included studies were subsequently rescreened by the researchers. The systematic review was conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. Results: We identified 60 articles and selected 8 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies used e-health technologies to facilitate clinical decision support and team care. Patient's engagement and access to health care from their homes were enhanced using telehealth and mobile health. Electronic health records were used to avail reliable data to health care providers and health authorities to make evidence-based decisions. Conclusion: Although there are limited studies to evaluate the effectiveness of e-health technologies for person-centered health care, the reviewed studies indicated e-health's potentials to improve the quality of health care and personalized health systems during COVID-19 pandemic. Further research should be done to better understand applications of e-health to improve the quality of health care and patients' outcomes and evaluate its cost-effectiveness.},
}
@article {pmid32746738,
year = {2020},
author = {Longobardi, Y and Galli, J and D'Alatri, L and Savoia, V and Mari, G and Rigante, M and Passali, GC and Bussu, F and Parrilla, C},
title = {Patients With Voice Prosthesis Rehabilitation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analyzing the Effectiveness of Remote Triage and Management.},
journal = {Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {194599820948043},
doi = {10.1177/0194599820948043},
pmid = {32746738},
issn = {1097-6817},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe a remote approach used with patients with voice prosthesis after laryngectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting clinical outcomes in terms of voice prosthesis complications management, oncological monitoring, and psychophysical well-being.<br><br>STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.<br><br>SETTING: Otolaryngology Clinic of the University Polyclinic A. Gemelli, IRCCS Foundation.<br><br>SUBJECTS AND METHODS: All patients with voice prosthesis who underwent laryngectomy followed by our institute were offered enrollment. Patients who agreed to participate were interviewed to inquire about the nature of the need and to plan a video call with the appropriate clinician. Before and 1 week after the clinician's call, patients were tested with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Degrees of satisfaction were investigated with a visual analog scale. A comparison between those who accepted and refused telematic support was carried out to identify factors that influence patient interest in teleservice.<br><br>RESULTS: Video call service allowed us to reach 37 (50.68%) of 73 patients. In 23 (62.16%) of 37 cases, the video call was sufficient to manage the problem. In the remaining 14 cases (37.83%), an outpatient visit was necessary. Participants who refused telematic support had a significantly shorter time interval from the last ear, nose, and throat visit than patients who accepted (57.95 vs 96.14 days, P = .03). Video-called patients showed significantly decreased levels of anxiety and depression (mean Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale total score pre- vs post-video call: 13.97 vs. 10.23, P < .0001) and reported high levels of satisfaction about the service.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Remote approach may be a viable support in the management of patients with voice prosthesis rehabilitation.},
}
@article {pmid32746720,
year = {2020},
author = {Tian, H and Tao, P},
title = {Deciphering the protein motion of S1 subunit in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein through integrated computational methods.},
journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure &amp; dynamics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-8},
doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1802338},
pmid = {32746720},
issn = {1538-0254},
abstract = {The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major worldwide public health emergency that has infected over 8 million people. Spike glycoprotein, especially the partially open state of S1 subunit, in SARS-CoV-2 is considered vital for its infection with human host cell. However, the mechanism elucidating the transition from the closed state to the partially open state still remains unclear. In this study, we applied a series of computational methods, including Markov state model, transition path theory and random forest to analyze the S1 motion. Our results showed a promising complete conformational movement of the receptor-binding domain, from buried, partially open, to detached states. We also estimated the transition probability among these states. Based on the asymmetry in both the dynamics behavior and the accumulated alpha carbon (Cα) importance, we further suggested a relation among chains in the trimer spike protein, which leads to a deeper understanding on protein motions of the S1 subunit. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.},
}
@article {pmid32746711,
year = {2020},
author = {Martin, M},
title = {The Ethics of Emergent Health Technologies: Implications of the 21st Century Cures Act for Nursing.},
journal = {Policy, politics &amp; nursing practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1527154420947028},
doi = {10.1177/1527154420947028},
pmid = {32746711},
issn = {1552-7468},
abstract = {The 21st Century Cures Act, passed in December 2016 by the United States Congress, is a public law aimed at accelerating the time it takes to get pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices into the market, in addition to shifting connected review processes from randomized controlled trials to real-world efficacy tests. As of December 2019, efforts are underway to introduce a &quot;Cures Act 2.0&quot; bill, with particular attention to the implementation of digital health within health systems. Research on the development of emergent health technologies is nascent; research examining health technology implications of 21st Century Cures Act for the health care workforce is nonexistent. This article fills a crucial gap in public awareness, discussing ethical implications of the 21st Century Cures Act and centering nursing. Nursing is a profession frequently acknowledged as practicing on &quot;the front lines of care&quot; and frequently responsible for the trialing of products in clinical settings. The article summarizes and evaluates key components of the 21st Century Cures Act related to health technology development. Discrete health technologies addressed are (a) breakthrough devices, (b) digital health software, and (c) combination products. It then connects these provisions to ethical considerations for nursing practice, research, and policy. The article concludes by discussing the relevance of emerging digital health technologies to the crafting of a &quot;Cures 2.0&quot; bill, with particular attention to this moment in light of digital care precedents set during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32746701,
year = {2020},
author = {Waitzkin, H},
title = {Confronting the Upstream Causes of COVID-19 and Other Epidemics to Follow.},
journal = {International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {20731420946612},
doi = {10.1177/0020731420946612},
pmid = {32746701},
issn = {1541-4469},
abstract = {The upstream causes of the COVID-19 pandemic have received little attention so far in public health and clinical medicine, as opposed to the downstream effects of mass morbidity and mortality. To resolve this pandemic and to prevent even more severe future pandemics, a focus on upstream causation is essential. Convincing evidence shows that this and every other important viral epidemic emerging in the recent past and predictably into the future comes from the same upstream causes: capitalist agriculture, its destruction of natural habitat, and the industrial production of meat. International and national health organizations have obscured the upstream causes of emerging viral epidemics. These organizations have suffered cutbacks in public funding but have received increased support from international financial institutions and private philanthropies that emphasize the downstream effects rather than upstream causes of infectious diseases. Conflicts of interest also have impacted public health policies. A worldwide shift has begun toward peasant agricultural practices: Research so far has shown that peasant agriculture is safer and more efficient than capitalist industrial agricultural practices. Without such a transformation of agriculture, even more devastating pandemics will result from the same upstream causes.},
}
@article {pmid32746700,
year = {2020},
author = {Benach, J},
title = {We Must Take Advantage of This Pandemic to Make a Radical Social Change: The Coronavirus as a Global Health, Inequality, and Eco-Social Problem.},
journal = {International journal of health services : planning, administration, evaluation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {20731420946594},
doi = {10.1177/0020731420946594},
pmid = {32746700},
issn = {1541-4469},
abstract = {COVID-19 not only constitutes a serious public health problem and a global major threat to the poorest and most vulnerable social groups and neighborhoods of the world, creating a potential pandemic of inequality, but also poses an enormous challenge from the perspective of public health, ethics, economy, environment, and politics. However, many of the deep and complex systemic interrelationships created and developed by this pandemic are largely hidden, unknown, or neglected, both by the hegemonic media and by a highly specialized and fragmented academic world. However, when all the available knowledge is critically integrated, the origins and effects underlying this pandemic are likely to be found in the development of neoliberal capitalism and its inherent logic of ceaseless accumulation, economic growth, large inequalities, and ecological devastation. This commentary reflects on these issues, drawing out some of the most important lessons to be learned and challenges to be faced in the COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath, advocating for a radical social change to deal with these challenges.},
}
@article {pmid32746699,
year = {2020},
author = {Shakrawal, N},
title = {An Approach to Manage Epistaxis in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Resource-Constrained Settings.},
journal = {Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {194599820947362},
doi = {10.1177/0194599820947362},
pmid = {32746699},
issn = {1097-6817},
}
@article {pmid32746685,
year = {2020},
author = {Strang, P and Bergström, J and Lundström, S},
title = {Symptom Relief Is Possible in Elderly Dying COVID-19 Patients: A National Register Study.},
journal = {Journal of palliative medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/jpm.2020.0249},
pmid = {32746685},
issn = {1557-7740},
abstract = {Background: Increasing numbers of people dying from COVID-19 are reported, but data are lacking on the way they die. Objective: To study symptoms and symptom relief during the last week of life, comparing nursing homes with hospitals. Design: The Swedish Register of Palliative Care with national coverage was used. Breakthrough symptoms were registered as Yes/No. Symptom relief was recorded on a 3-grade scale as complete-partial-no relief. All deaths in COVID-19 were contrasted to deaths in a reference population (deaths 2019). Deaths at nursing homes were compared with deaths in hospitals. Setting and Subjects: All deaths in hospitals or nursing homes (n = 490) were analyzed. Deaths in other settings (specialized palliative care wards [n = 11], in palliative home care [n = 2], or in their own homes [n = 8]) were excluded (n = 21). Only patients with expected deaths (n = 390) were entered in the final analysis. Results: Breathlessness as a breakthrough symptom was more common in COVID-19 patients than in the 2019 reference population (p < 0.001) and relief of breathlessness, as well as anxiety, delirium, and death rattles was less successful in COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05 to p < 0.01 in different comparisons). Patients were older in nursing homes than in hospitals (86.6 years vs. 80.9 years, p < 0.001) and more often female (48% vs. 34%, p < 0.001). Breakthrough of breathlessness was much more frequently reported in hospital settings than in nursing homes, 73% versus 35% (p < 0.0001), and complete relief was more rarely possible in hospitals, 20% versus 42% (p < 0.01). The proportion of partial relief+complete relief was comparable, 92% versus 95% (ns). Also, anxiety and pain were more often completely relieved in nursing homes (p < 0.01 in both comparisons). Conclusion: The lower symptom prevalence in nursing homes may be explained by elderly frail residents dying already in the first phase of the COVID-19 disease, before acute respiratory distress syndrome develops.},
}
@article {pmid32746670,
year = {2020},
author = {Gao, C and Liu, B and Xie, Y and Wu, Z},
title = {Change of dermatological practice after the COVID-19 outbreak resolves.},
journal = {The Journal of dermatological treatment},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1080/09546634.2020.1799920},
pmid = {32746670},
issn = {1471-1753},
abstract = {AIM: Dermatological care has already been deeply impacted by the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. The consequences may continue long after the epidemic resolves. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the change of dermatological practice since the COVID-19 outbreak is almost controlled in mainland China.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients requesting a dermatology outpatient visit from January to May in 2019 and 2020 were retrospectively investigated.<br><br>RESULTS: The number of patients decreased significantly shortly after the COVID-19 outbreak, and it started to increase after the spread of coronavirus was gradually controlled at the end of February in China. The three most common diseases were atopic dermatitis (11.0%), acne (10.2%), and warts (7.2%) in 2019, while acne (8.9%), warts (5.8%), and acute urticaria (5.6%) in 2020. The most statistically significant increased reasons for requesting an outpatient visit from March to May in 2020 was pet-related dermatophytoses, followed by cosmetic consultation and irritated contact dermatitis, an increase of 88.2%, 84.7%, and 58.8%, respectively, over the same period of 2019.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Understanding the trends and impacts of dermatologic diseases on patients and health systems during this epidemic will allow for better preparation of dermatologists in the future.},
}
@article {pmid32746653,
year = {2020},
author = {Yang, X and Liu, Y and Liu, Y and Yang, Q and Wu, X and Huang, X and Liu, H and Cai, W and Ma, G},
title = {Medication therapy strategies for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): recent progress and challenges.},
journal = {Expert review of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17512433.2020.1805315},
pmid = {32746653},
issn = {1751-2441},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread globally since it outbroke in December 2019. The urgent pandemic presents an unprecedented challenge to develop and identify effective medication therapy strategies to combat the COVID-19.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: Here, we summarized and evaluated the current treatment drugs and regimens, and put forward the treatment recommendations, including using the potential repurposed or experimental drugs against COVID-19, e.g., chloroquine (CQ), hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), remdesivir (RDV), favipiravir (FPV). We also analyzed the specific drugs and vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 ongoing development and formulated the comprehensive treatment regimens based on condition of patients, diseases and drugs as well as concomitant medications.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: No drugs and vaccines have been proven to be particularly effective against SARS-CoV-2 up to now. The recommended comprehensive medication therapy strategies have already displayed favorable effect in the fight against COVID-19. Research should be focused on the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs and vaccines based on high-quality clinical trial evidence, treatment guidelines and expert consensus.},
}
@article {pmid32746642,
year = {2020},
author = {Cárdenas Suri, H and Jimomila Bening, D},
title = {Catastrophic antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and multiple organ dysfunctions in critically ill patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Expert review of respiratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/17476348.2020.1801427},
pmid = {32746642},
issn = {1747-6356},
}
@article {pmid32746638,
year = {2020},
author = {Türkoğlu, S and Uçar, HN and Çetin, FH and Güler, HA and Tezcan, ME},
title = {The relationship between chronotype, sleep, and autism symptom severity in children with ASD in COVID-19 home confinement period.},
journal = {Chronobiology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.1080/07420528.2020.1792485},
pmid = {32746638},
issn = {1525-6073},
abstract = {This study aimed to investigate the relationship between chronotype preference/sleep problems and symptom severity of children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the confinement and social isolation of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study included 46 drug-naive children aged 4-17 y diagnosed with ASD. The Autism Behavior Checklist (AuBC), Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and Children's chronotype questionnaire (CCQ) were filled out before and at the end of the COVID-19 mandated home confinement by the children's parents. Children with ASD during the home confinement reported higher chronotype scores, i.e., eveningness chronotype, sleep problems, and autism symptom scores compared to the normal non-hone confinement state. The chronotype score and sleep problems of children with ASD during the home confinement period varied according to the AuBC score. The sleep problems of the children with ASD during the home confinement period mediated the relationship between chronotype score and severity of autism symptoms. It is essential to validate the role of the mediator effect of sleep problems and chronotype in larger samples of children with ASD with restricted to home confinement during the pandemic period. If sleep problems can be controlled with parental education, pharmacotherapy, and psychotherapeutic interventions, the impact on children with ASD of home confinement can be reduced.},
}
@article {pmid32746637,
year = {2020},
author = {Jo, S and Kim, S and Kim, DY and Kim, MS and Shin, DH},
title = {Flavonoids with inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.},
journal = {Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {1539-1544},
doi = {10.1080/14756366.2020.1801672},
pmid = {32746637},
issn = {1475-6374},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been a pandemic disease of which the termination is not yet predictable. Currently, researches to develop vaccines and treatments is going on globally to cope with this disastrous disease. Main protease (3CLpro) from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is one of the good targets to find antiviral agents before vaccines are available. Some flavonoids are known to inhibit 3CLpro from SARS-CoV which causes SARS. Since their sequence identity is 96%, a similar approach was performed with a flavonoid library. Baicalin, herbacetin, and pectolinarin have been discovered to block the proteolytic activity of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. An in silico docking study showed that the binding modes of herbacetin and pectolinarin are similar to those obtained from the catalytic domain of SARS-CoV 3CLpro. However, their binding affinities are different due to the usage of whole SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in this study. Baicalin showed an effective inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and its docking mode is different from those of herbacetin and pectolinarin. This study suggests important scaffolds to design 3CLpro inhibitors to develop antiviral agents or health-foods and dietary supplements to cope with SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid32746614,
year = {2020},
author = {Tan, EJ and Meyer, D and Neill, E and Phillipou, A and Toh, WL and Van Rheenen, TE and Rossell, SL},
title = {Considerations for assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in Australia.},
journal = {The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {4867420947815},
doi = {10.1177/0004867420947815},
pmid = {32746614},
issn = {1440-1614},
abstract = {During this unprecedented novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, there is an urgent need for empirical data to characterise its impact on the mental health and well-being of Australians. In this viewpoint, we outline a number of considerations for research on this topic, highlighting areas necessitating special attention, consideration of particular vulnerable groups and the need for longitudinal studies to track mental health fluctuations in the general population. We conclude by introducing the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project, outlining its aims, addressing some considerations raised herein and detailing avenues for future research. Since the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on 30 January 2020 (WHO, 2020), the COVID-19 pandemic has caused major upheaval both in Australia and globally. While the search for a vaccine continues, current efforts towards tackling the virus and limiting contagion in several nations have focused on social distancing and the shutdown of non-essential services. In Australia, the first case was reported on 13 January 2020 (COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team, 2020), the first death occurred on 24 February and a spate of progressive restrictions were enforced throughout the 2 weeks leading up to 31 March 2020 (COVID-19 National Incident Room Surveillance Team, 2020a).},
}
@article {pmid32746612,
year = {2020},
author = {Desiato, VM and Levy, DA and Byun, YJ and Nguyen, SA and Soler, ZM and Schlosser, RJ},
title = {The Prevalence of Olfactory Dysfunction in the General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {American journal of rhinology &amp; allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1945892420946254},
doi = {10.1177/1945892420946254},
pmid = {32746612},
issn = {1945-8932},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) is common and has been reported as an early indicator of COVID-19. However, the reported prevalence of OD in the general population varies widely depending upon the metric used to assess olfaction.Methodology/Principal: To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of OD in the healthy general population, review the various assessment metrics used, and compare pooled OD prevalence rates.<br><br>RESULTS: A total of 175,073 subjects were identified (mean age 63.5 years, range 18 to 101) with an overall OD prevalence of 22.2% (95% CI 14.8-30.6). OD prevalence was significantly greater using objective olfactory assessments, compared to subjective measures (28.8%, CI 20.3-38.2 versus 9.5%, CI 6.1-13.5, p < 0.001). The prevalence of OD was greater using expanded identification tests (>8 items) compared to brief test with ≤8 items (30.3%, CI 16.2-46.5 versus 21.2%, CI 12.3-31.8). Prevalence was higher in studies with a mean age greater than 55 years compared to those with a mean age of 55 years or less (34.5%, CI 23.4-46.5 versus 7.5%, CI 2.6-14.5, p < 0.001).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The reported prevalence of OD in the general population depends on the testing method and population age. OD prevalence was greater in studies using objective tests, expanded identification tests, and in those with older subjects.},
}
@article {pmid32746608,
year = {2020},
author = {Finlay, AJ and Looi, JC},
title = {Public and private mental healthcare for the population mental health effects of COVID-19 measures.},
journal = {The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {4867420946846},
doi = {10.1177/0004867420946846},
pmid = {32746608},
issn = {1440-1614},
}
@article {pmid32746481,
year = {2020},
author = {Rudrapal, M and Khairnar, SJ and Borse, LB and Jadhav, AG},
title = {Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19): An Updated Review.},
journal = {Drug research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-1217-2397},
pmid = {32746481},
issn = {2194-9387},
abstract = {The current outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major pandemic situation and a catastrophe for humans. COVID-19 is a severe infectious disease particularly of the respiratory system characterized by fatal complications such as severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), pneumonia, cardiac arrhythmia, kidney failure/ multiple organ failure and even death. Since its discovery, the SARS-CoV-2 has spread across 213 countries or territories, causing more than 8.5 million people with a rising death toll over 5.5 million people (as of June 2020, WHO). In fact, the current looming crisis of COVID-19 has become an increasingly serious concern to public health. It has affected lives of millions of people with severe impact on health systems and economies globally. Since there are no specific drugs and/or vaccines available so far, combating COVID-19 remains to be a major challenging task. Therefore, development of potential and effective treatment regimens (prophylactic/therapeutic) is urgently required which could resolve the issue. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the coronavirus, disease epidemiology, clinical manifestations and risk factors, replication of the virus, pathophysiology and host immune responses of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The therapeutic interventions and prophylactic measures along with precautionary measures are the frontline approaches that could be undertaken in order to control and prevent the spread of the deadly and highly contagious COVID-19 are also detailed herein.},
}
@article {pmid32746455,
year = {2020},
author = {Roberts, LN and Whyte, MB and Georgiou, L and Giron, G and Czuprynska, J and Rea, C and Vadher, B and Patel, R and Gee, E and Arya, R},
title = {Post-discharge venous thromboembolism following hospital admission with COVID-19.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2020008086},
pmid = {32746455},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {The association of severe COVID-19 with an increased risk of VTE has resulted in specific guidelines for its prevention and management. The VTE risk appears highest in those with critical care admission. The need for post discharge thromboprophylaxis remains controversial and this is reflected in the conflicting recommendations of expert guidelines. Our local protocol provides thromboprophylaxis to COVID-19 patients during admission only. We report post-discharge VTE data from an ongoing quality improvement programme incorporating root cause analysis of hospital-associated VTE (HA-VTE). Following 1,877 hospital discharges associated with COVID-19, there were 9 episodes of HA-VTE diagnosed within 42 days, to give a post-discharge rate of 4.8 per 1000 discharges. Over 2019, following 18,159 discharges associated with a medical admission; there were 56 episodes of HA-VTE within 42 days (3.1 per 1000 discharges). The odds ratio for post-discharge HA-VTE associated with COVID-19 compared to 2019 was 1.6 (95% CI 0.77-3.1). Hospitalisation with COVID-19 does not appear to increase the risk of post-discharge HA-VTE compared to hospitalisation with other acute medical illness. Given the risk-benefit ratio of post discharge thromboprophylaxis remains uncertain, randomised controlled trials to evaluate the role of continuing thromboprophylaxis in patients with COVID-19 following hospital discharge are required.},
}
@article {pmid32746446,
year = {2020},
author = {Molloy, EJ and Lavizzari, A and Klingenberg, C and Profit, J and Zupancic, JAF and Davis, AS and Mosca, F and Bearer, CF and Roehr, CC and , },
title = {Neonates in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Pediatric research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41390-020-1096-y},
pmid = {32746446},
issn = {1530-0447},
}
@article {pmid32746195,
year = {2020},
author = {Carrer, L and Donini, E and Marinelli, D and Zanetti, M and Mento, F and Torri, E and Smargiassi, A and Inchingolo, R and Soldati, G and Demi, L and Bovolo, F and Bruzzone, L},
title = {Automatic Pleural Line Extraction and COVID-19 Scoring from Lung Ultrasound Data.},
journal = {IEEE transactions on ultrasonics, ferroelectrics, and frequency control},
volume = {PP},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1109/TUFFC.2020.3005512},
pmid = {32746195},
issn = {1525-8955},
abstract = {Recent works highlighted the significant potential of Lung Ultrasound (LUS) imaging in the management of subjects affected by COVID-19. In general, the development of objective, fast, and accurate automatic methods for LUS data evaluation is still at an early stage. This is particularly true for COVID- 19 diagnostic. In this paper, we propose an automatic and unsupervised method for the detection and localization of the pleural line in LUS data based on the Hidden Markov Model and Viterbi Algorithm. The pleural line localization step is followed by a supervised classification procedure based on the Support Vector Machine (SVM). The classifier evaluates the healthiness level of a patient and, if present, the severity of the pathology, i.e., the score value for each image of a given LUS acquisition. The experiments performed on a variety of LUS data acquired in Italian hospitals with both linear and convex probes highlight the effectiveness of the proposed method. The average overall accuracy in detecting the pleura is 84% and 94% for convex and linear probes, respectively. The accuracy of the SVM classification in correctly evaluating the severity of COVID-19 related pleural line alterations is about 88% and 94% for convex and linear probes, respectively. The results as well as the visualization of the detected pleural line and the predicted score chart, provide a significant support to medical staff for further evaluating the patient condition.},
}
@article {pmid32745993,
year = {2020},
author = {Leppkes, M and Knopf, J and Naschberger, E and Lindemann, A and Singh, J and Herrmann, I and Stürzl, M and Staats, L and Mahajan, A and Schauer, C and Kremer, AN and Völkl, S and Amann, K and Evert, K and Falkeis, C and Wehrfritz, A and Rieker, RJ and Hartmann, A and Kremer, AE and Neurath, MF and Muñoz, LE and Schett, G and Herrmann, M},
title = {Vascular occlusion by neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19.},
journal = {EBioMedicine},
volume = {58},
number = {},
pages = {102925},
doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102925},
pmid = {32745993},
issn = {2352-3964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus induced disease 2019 (COVID-19) can be complicated by severe organ damage leading to dysfunction of the lungs and other organs. The processes that trigger organ damage in COVID-19 are incompletely understood.<br><br>METHODS: Samples were donated from hospitalized patients. Sera, plasma, and autopsy-derived tissue sections were examined employing flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunohistochemistry.<br><br>PATIENT FINDINGS: Here, we show that severe COVID-19 is characterized by a highly pronounced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) inside the micro-vessels. Intravascular aggregation of NETs leads to rapid occlusion of the affected vessels, disturbed microcirculation, and organ damage. In severe COVID-19, neutrophil granulocytes are strongly activated and adopt a so-called low-density phenotype, prone to spontaneously form NETs. In accordance, markers indicating NET turnover are consistently increased in COVID-19 and linked to disease severity. Histopathology of the lungs and other organs from COVID-19 patients showed congestions of numerous micro-vessels by aggregated NETs associated with endothelial damage.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: These data suggest that organ dysfunction in severe COVID-19 is associated with excessive NET formation and vascular damage.<br><br>FUNDING: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), EU, Volkswagen-Stiftung.},
}
@article {pmid32745981,
year = {2020},
author = {Nisticò, V and Goeta, D and Gambini, O and Demartini, B},
title = {The psychological impact of COVID-19 among a sample of Italian patients with functional neurological disorders: A preliminary study.},
journal = {Parkinsonism &amp; related disorders},
volume = {78},
number = {},
pages = {79-81},
doi = {10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.07.019},
pmid = {32745981},
issn = {1873-5126},
}
@article {pmid32745967,
year = {2020},
author = {Oladimeji, P and Pickford, J},
title = {Letter of concern re: &quot;Comparison of seven commercial RT-PCR diagnostic kits for COVID-19&quot; van Kasteren et al., Journal of Clinical Virology.},
journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {104536},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104536},
pmid = {32745967},
issn = {1873-5967},
}
@article {pmid32745940,
year = {2020},
author = {Jain, A and Ramasamy, K},
title = {Potential 'significance' of monoclonal gammopathy of 'undetermined significance' during COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Blood cells, molecules &amp; diseases},
volume = {85},
number = {},
pages = {102481},
doi = {10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102481},
pmid = {32745940},
issn = {1096-0961},
}
@article {pmid32745925,
year = {2020},
author = {Khalifa, I and Nawaz, A and Sobhy, R and Althawb, SA and Barakat, H},
title = {Polyacylated anthocyanins constructively network with catalytic dyad residues of 3CLpro of 2019-nCoV than monomeric anthocyanins: A structural-relationship activity study with 10 anthocyanins using in-silico approaches.},
journal = {Journal of molecular graphics &amp; modelling},
volume = {100},
number = {},
pages = {107690},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmgm.2020.107690},
pmid = {32745925},
issn = {1873-4243},
abstract = {Coronavirus epidemic 2019 (COVID-19), caused by novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), is newly increasing worldwide and elevating global health concerns. Similar to SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the viral key 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease enzyme (3CLPro), which controls 2019-nCoV duplications and manages its life cycle, could be pointed as a drug discovery target. Herein, we theoretically studied the binding ability of 10 structurally different anthocyanins with the catalytic dyad residues of 3CLpro of 2019-nCoV using molecular docking modelling. The results revealed that the polyacylated anthocyanins, including phacelianin, gentiodelphin, cyanodelphin, and tecophilin, were found to authentically bind with the receptor binding site and catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of 2019-nCoV-3CLpro. Our analyses revealed that the top four hits might serve as potential anti-2019-nCoV leading molecules for further optimization and drug development process to combat COVID-19. This study unleashed that anthocyanins with specific structure could be used as effective anti-COVID-19 natural components.},
}
@article {pmid32745895,
year = {2020},
author = {Leonardi, A and Scipione, R and Alfieri, G and Petrillo, R and Dolciami, M and Ciccarelli, F and Perotti, S and Cartocci, G and Scala, A and Imperiale, C and Iafrate, F and Francone, M and Catalano, C and Ricci, P},
title = {Role of computed tomography in predicting critical disease in patients with covid-19 pneumonia: A retrospective study using a semiautomatic quantitative method.},
journal = {European journal of radiology},
volume = {130},
number = {},
pages = {109202},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109202},
pmid = {32745895},
issn = {1872-7727},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: So far, only a few studies evaluated the correlation between CT features and clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.<br><br>PURPOSE: To evaluate CT ability in differentiating critically ill patients requiring invasive ventilation from patients with less severe disease.<br><br>METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from patients admitted to our institution for COVID-19 pneumonia between March 5th-24th. Patients were considered critically ill or non-critically ill, depending on the need for mechanical ventilation. CT images from both groups were analyzed for the assessment of qualitative features and disease extension, using a quantitative semiautomatic method. We evaluated the differences between the two groups for clinical, laboratory and CT data. Analyses were conducted on a per-protocol basis.<br><br>RESULTS: 189 patients were analyzed. PaO2/FIO2 ratio and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were decreased in critically ill patients. At CT, mixed pattern (ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation) and GGO alone were more frequent respectively in critically ill and in non-critically ill patients (p < 0.05). Lung volume involvement was significantly higher in critically ill patients (38.5 % vs. 5.8 %, p < 0.05). A cut-off of 23.0 % of lung involvement showed 96 % sensitivity and 96 % specificity in distinguishing critically ill patients from patients with less severe disease. The fraction of involved lung was related to lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, PaO2/FIO2 ratio and SaO2 (p < 0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSION: Lung disease extension, assessed using quantitative CT, has a significant relationship with clinical severity and may predict the need for invasive ventilation in patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32745862,
year = {2020},
author = {Sunday, MO and Sakugawa, H},
title = {A simple, inexpensive method for gas-phase singlet oxygen generation from sensitizer-impregnated filters: Potential application to bacteria/virus inactivation and pollutant degradation.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {746},
number = {},
pages = {141186},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141186},
pmid = {32745862},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Airborne infectious diseases such as the new Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pose serious threat to human health. Indoor air pollution is a problem of global environmental concern as well. Singlet oxygen (1O2) is a reactive oxygen species that plays important role in bacteria/virus inactivation and pollutant degradation. In this study, we found that commercially available filters typically deployed in air purifier and air conditioning units, when impregnated with Rose Bengal (RB) as a 1O2 sensitizer, can be used for heterogeneous gas-phase generation of 1O2. It was confirmed that irradiation of the RB filter under oxygen gas stream produced 1O2, which was measured using furfuryl alcohol trapping method followed by HPLC analysis. It was also observed that the amount of 1O2 generated increases as the light intensity increased. Similarly, the sensitizer loading also positively influenced the 1O2 generation. The heterogeneous gas-phase generation of 1O2 can find potential applications in air purifier and air conditioning units for the purpose of bacteria/virus inactivation and/or pollutant degradation thereby improving indoor air quality.},
}
@article {pmid32745861,
year = {2020},
author = {Kargar, S and Pourmehdi, M and Paydar, MM},
title = {Reverse logistics network design for medical waste management in the epidemic outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19).},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {746},
number = {},
pages = {141183},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141183},
pmid = {32745861},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The recent pandemic triggered by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus boosted the demand for medical services and protective equipment, causing the generation rate of infectious medical waste (IMW) to increase rapidly. Designing an efficient and reliable IMW reverse logistics network in this situation can help to control the spread of the virus. Studies on this issue are limited, and minimization of costs and the risks associated with the operations of this network consisting of different types of medical waste generation centers (MWGC) are rarely considered. In this research, a linear programming model with three objective functions is developed to minimize the total costs, the risk associated with the transportation and treatment of IMW, and the maximum amount of uncollected waste in MWGCs. Also, multiple functions that calculate the amount of generated waste according to the parameters of the current epidemic outbreak are proposed. Revised Multi-Choice Goal Programming method is employed to solve the multi-objective model, and a real case study from Iran is examined to illustrate the validation of the proposed model. The final results show that the model can create a balance between three considered objectives by determining the flow between centers, deciding to install two new temporary treatment centers, and allowing the network to only have uncollected waste in the first two periods in some MWGCs. Also, managerial insights for health organization authorities extracted from the final results and sensitivity analyses are presented for adequately handling the IMW network.},
}
@article {pmid32745860,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, Q and Wang, S},
title = {Preventing carbon emission retaliatory rebound post-COVID-19 requires expanding free trade and improving energy efficiency.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {746},
number = {},
pages = {141158},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141158},
pmid = {32745860},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Existing studies have shown that the COVID-19 pandemic caused a sharp drop in carbon emissions in 2020. A recent example of the impact of sudden extreme events on carbon emissions occurred in the 2008 global financial crisis, in which carbon emissions droped in 2009, but jumped in 2010. This study is aimed to discuss how to prevent the retaliatory growth of carbon emissions post COVID-19 through learning the lessons from analysis of short-term and long-term drivers of carbon emissions. This study explored the short-term (annual) effects (population scale. affluence level, carbon intensity, energy intensity) of changes in carbon emissions by decomposing carbon emissions in the world, different income groups and selected countries before and after the 2008 financial crisis using LMDI technique. In addition, this study explored the long-term effects (energy consumption per capita, energy structure, energy intensity, foreign direct investment, and trade openness) of changes in carbon emissions by decomposing carbon emission in the world and different income groups from 1990 to 2014 using VAR technique. The decomposition results of short-term drivers of carbon emission uncovered that the deterioration in energy efficiency (increase in energy intensity) was the main reason for the retaliatory rebound in carbon emissions post-2008 financial crisis, especially in high-income countries. The decomposition results of long-term drivers of carbon emission uncovered that trade openness contributed to reduce carbon emission in the world and the incomes groups in the long term, although trade openness led to increase in carbon emission in developing countries in the short term. To prevent retaliatory rebound of carbon emissions, what we should learn two lessons from the decomposition of carbon emission: improving energy efficiency, and expanding trade openness. Unfortunately, energy efficiency has been neglected in the economic recovery plans to respond to COVID-19 of various countries, especially developed countries, and worse, trade protectionism is on the rise, especially in developed countries. Therefore, we are pessimistic about preventing a retaliatory rebound in carbon emissions post-COVID-19 for now.},
}
@article {pmid32745857,
year = {2020},
author = {Patel, H and Talbot, N and Salmond, J and Dirks, K and Xie, S and Davy, P},
title = {Implications for air quality management of changes in air quality during lockdown in Auckland (New Zealand) in response to the 2020 SARS-CoV-2 epidemic.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {746},
number = {},
pages = {141129},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141129},
pmid = {32745857},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {The current changes in vehicle movement due to 'lockdown' conditions (imposed in cities worldwide in response to the COVID-19 epidemic) provide opportunities to quantify the local impact of 'controlled interventions' on air quality and establish baseline pollution concentrations in cities. Here, we present a case study from Auckland, New Zealand, an isolated Southern Hemisphere city, which is largely unaffected by long-range pollution transport or industrial sources of air pollution. In this city, traffic flows reduced by 60-80% as a result of a government-led initiative to contain the virus by limiting all transport to only essential services. In this paper, ambient pollutant concentrations of NO2, O3, BC, PM2.5, and PM10 are compared between the lockdown period and comparable periods in the historical air pollution record, while taking into account changes in the local meteorology. We show that this 'natural experiment' in source emission reductions had significant but non-linear impacts on air quality. While emission inventories and receptor modelling approaches confirm the dominance of traffic sources for NOx (86%), and BC (72%) across the city, observations suggest a consequent reduction in NO2 of only 34-57% and a reduction in BC of 55-75%. The observed reductions in PM2.5 (still likely to be dominated by traffic emissions), and PM10 (dominated by sea salt, traffic emissions to a lesser extent, and affected by seasonality) were found to be significantly less (8-17% for PM2.5 and 7-20% for PM10). The impact of this unplanned controlled intervention shows the importance of establishing accurate, local-scale emission inventories, and the potential of the local atmospheric chemistry and meteorology in limiting their accuracy.},
}
@article {pmid32745829,
year = {2020},
author = {Cerofolini, L and Fragai, M and Luchinat, C and Ravera, E},
title = {Orientation of immobilized antigens on common surfaces by a simple computational model: Exposition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD epitopes.},
journal = {Biophysical chemistry},
volume = {265},
number = {},
pages = {106441},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpc.2020.106441},
pmid = {32745829},
issn = {1873-4200},
abstract = {The possibility of immobilizing a protein with antigenic properties on a solid support offers significant possibilities in the development of immunosensors and vaccine formulations. For both applications, the orientation of the antigen should ensure ready accessibility of the antibodies to the epitope. However, an experimental assessment of the orientational preferences necessarily proceeds through the preparation/isolation of the antigen, the immobilization on different surfaces and one or more biophysical characterization steps. To predict a priori whether favorable orientations can be achieved or not would allow one to select the most promising experimental routes, partly mitigating the time cost towards the final product. In this manuscript, we apply a simple computational model, based on united-residue modelling, to the prediction of the orientation of the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on surfaces commonly used in lateral-flow devices. These calculations can account for the experimental observation that direct immobilization on gold gives sufficient exposure of the epitope to obtain a response in immunochemical assays.},
}
@article {pmid32745811,
year = {2020},
author = {Kaur, N and Singh, R and Dar, Z and Bijarnia, RK and Dhingra, N and Kaur, T},
title = {Genetic comparison among various coronavirus strains for the identification of potential vaccine targets of SARS-CoV2.},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104490},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104490},
pmid = {32745811},
issn = {1567-7257},
abstract = {On-going pandemic pneumonia outbreak COVID-19 has raised an urgent public health issue worldwide impacting millions of people with a continuous increase in both morbidity and mortality. The causative agent of this disease is identified and named as SARS-CoV2 because of its genetic relatedness to SARS-CoV species that was responsible for the 2003 coronavirus outbreak. The immense spread of the disease in a very small period demands urgent development of therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for the treatment of SARS-CoV2 infected patients. A plethora of research is being conducted globally on this novel coronavirus strain to gain knowledge about its origin, evolutionary history, and phylogeny. This review is an effort to compare genetic similarities and diversifications among coronavirus strains, which can hint towards the susceptible antigen targets of SARS-CoV2 to come up with the potential therapeutic and prophylactic interventions for the prevention of this public threat.},
}
@article {pmid32745795,
year = {2020},
author = {Schuch, FB and Bulzing, RA and Meyer, J and Vancampfort, D and Firth, J and Stubbs, B and Grabovac, I and Willeit, P and Tavares, VDO and Calegaro, VC and Deenik, J and López-Sánchez, GF and Veronese, N and Caperchione, CM and Sadarangani, KP and Abufaraj, M and Tully, MA and Smith, L},
title = {Associations of moderate to vigorous physical activity and sedentary behavior with depressive and anxiety symptoms in self-isolating people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey in Brazil.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {292},
number = {},
pages = {113339},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113339},
pmid = {32745795},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {This is a cross-sectional study evaluating the associations of self-reported moderate to vigorous physical activity, and sedentary behavior with depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms (D&amp;A) in self-isolating Brazilians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected using the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories (BDI and BAI). Among the 937 participants (females=72.3%), those performing ≥30 min/day of moderate to vigorous or ≥15 min/day of vigorous physical activity had lower odds of prevalent depressive, anxiety, and co-occurring D&amp;A symptoms. Those spending ≥10 h/day sedentary were more likely to have depressive symptoms.},
}
@article {pmid32745794,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, CH and Stevens, C and Conrad, RC and Hahm, HC},
title = {Evidence for elevated psychiatric distress, poor sleep, and quality of life concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic among U.S. young adults with suspected and reported psychiatric diagnoses.},
journal = {Psychiatry research},
volume = {292},
number = {},
pages = {113345},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113345},
pmid = {32745794},
issn = {1872-7123},
abstract = {We report distress levels and functional outcomes based on self-reported pre-existing mental health conditions among U.S. young adults (N=898) during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 13-May 19, 2020). Depression, anxiety, and PTSD symptoms, as well as COVID-19-related concerns, sleep problems, and quality of life were compared across the following pre-existing mental health groups: 1) no diagnosis, 2) suspected diagnosis, 3) diagnosed and untreated, and 4) diagnosed and treated. Compared to those without a diagnosis, the likelihood of scoring above the clinical threshold for those with a diagnosis - whether treated or not - was more than six-fold for depression, and four-to six-fold for anxiety and PTSD. Individuals with a suspected diagnosis were 3 times more likely to score above the clinical threshold for depression and anxiety and 2 times more as likely to score above this threshold for PTSD compared to those with no diagnosis. We also present higher levels of COVID-19-related worry and grief, poorer sleep, and poorer reported health-related quality of life among those with either a suspected or reported mental health diagnosis. Findings provide evidence of vulnerability among individuals with a mental health diagnosis or suspected mental health concerns during the initial weeks of the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32745719,
year = {2020},
author = {Gao, C and Scullin, MK},
title = {Sleep health early in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the United States: integrating longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall data.},
journal = {Sleep medicine},
volume = {73},
number = {},
pages = {1-10},
doi = {10.1016/j.sleep.2020.06.032},
pmid = {32745719},
issn = {1878-5506},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused substantial changes in lifestyle, responsibilities, and stressors. Such dramatic societal changes might cause overall sleep health to decrease (stress view), to remain unchanged (resilience view), or even to improve (reduced work/schedule burden view).<br><br>METHODS: We addressed this question using longitudinal, cross-sectional, and retrospective recall methodologies in 699 American adult participants in late March 2020, two weeks following the enactment of social distancing and shelter-in-place policies in the United States.<br><br>RESULTS: Relative to baseline data from mid February 2020, cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses demonstrated that average sleep quality was unchanged, or even improved, early in the pandemic. However, there were clear individual differences: approximately 25% of participants reported that their sleep quality had worsened, which was explained by stress vulnerability, caregiving, adverse life impact, shift work, and presence of COVID-19 symptoms.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Therefore, the COVID-19 pandemic has detrimentally impacted some individuals' sleep health while paradoxically benefited other individuals' sleep health by reducing rigid work/school schedules such as early morning commitments.},
}
@article {pmid32745717,
year = {2020},
author = {Chedid, Y and Ubaide, H and Sani, I and Hamza, Y},
title = {What about BAME? A letter to the editor on &quot;The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review.},
journal = {International journal of surgery (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.07.046},
pmid = {32745717},
issn = {1743-9159},
}
@article {pmid32745693,
year = {2020},
author = {Curigliano, G and Banerjee, S and Cervantes, A and Garassino, M and Garrido, P and Girard, N and Haanen, J and Jordan, K and Lordick, F and Machiels, JP and Michielin, O and Peters, S and Tabernero, J and Douillard, JY and Pentheroudakis, G and , },
title = {Managing cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: An ESMO Interdisciplinary Expert Consensus.},
journal = {Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.annonc.2020.07.010},
pmid = {32745693},
issn = {1569-8041},
abstract = {We established an international consortium to discuss clinical evidence and to provide expert advice on statements related to cancer management during COVID-19 pandemics. The steering committee prepared ten working packages addressing significant clinical questions from diagnosis to surgery. During a virtual consensus meeting, including global experts and lead by the European Society for Medical Oncology, statements have been discussed and voted upon. When consensus could not be reached, the panel revised statements in order to develop consensual clinical guidance. The expert panel agreed on 28 statements that can be used to overcome many of the clinical and technical areas of uncertainty ranging from diagnosis to therapeutic planning.},
}
@article {pmid32745670,
year = {2020},
author = {Gupta, PK},
title = {New disease old vaccine: Is recombinant BCG vaccine an answer for COVID-19?.},
journal = {Cellular immunology},
volume = {356},
number = {},
pages = {104187},
doi = {10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104187},
pmid = {32745670},
issn = {1090-2163},
abstract = {Mycobacterium bovis BCG, a live attenuated tuberculosis vaccine offers protection against disseminated TB in children. BCG exhibits heterologous protective effects against unrelated infections and reduces infant mortality due to non-mycobacterial infections. Recent reports have suggested that BCG vaccination might have protective effects against COVID-19, however it is highly unlikely that BCG vaccine in its current form can offer complete protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection due to the lack of specific immunity. Nonetheless, recombinant BCG strains expressing antigens of SARS-CoV-2 may offer protection against COVID-19 due to the activation of innate as well as specific adaptive immune response. Further proven safety records of BCG in humans, its adjuvant activity and low cost manufacturing makes it a frontrunner in the vaccine development to stop this pandemic. In this review we discuss about the heterologous effects of BCG, induction of trained immunity and its implication in development of a potential vaccine against COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32745651,
year = {2020},
author = {Aljuboori, Z},
title = {Web-based Didactics in the Era of COVID-19 and Beyond.},
journal = {World neurosurgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.170},
pmid = {32745651},
issn = {1878-8769},
}
@article {pmid32745645,
year = {2020},
author = {Graffeo, CS and Parney, IA and Wessel, B and Spinner, RJ},
title = {A Surprise Sabbatical: How Mayo Clinic Neurosurgery Coped with COVID-19.},
journal = {World neurosurgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.wneu.2020.07.172},
pmid = {32745645},
issn = {1878-8769},
}
@article {pmid32745633,
year = {2020},
author = {Buléon, C and Minehart, RD and Bergot, E and Chan, A and Fischer, MO},
title = {Pandemic chain of survival: Gathering strength to revive our societies.},
journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care &amp; pain medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.011},
pmid = {32745633},
issn = {2352-5568},
}
@article {pmid32745629,
year = {2020},
author = {Zervos, M and Arshad, S and Kilgore, P and Chaudhry, ZS and Jacobsen, G and Wang, DD and Huitsing, K and Brar, I and Alangaden, GJ and Ramesh, MS and McKinnon, JE and O'Neill, W},
title = {A Sound Approach: Hydroxychloroquine Reduces Mortality in Severe COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.059},
pmid = {32745629},
issn = {1878-3511},
}
@article {pmid32745628,
year = {2020},
author = {Iwata, K and Doi, A and Miyakoshi, C},
title = {Was school closure effective in mitigating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? Time series analysis using Bayesian inference.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.052},
pmid = {32745628},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is causing significant damage to many nations. For mitigating its risk, Japan called on all elementary, junior high and high schools nationwide to close beginning March 1, 2020. However, its effectiveness in decreasing the disease burden has not been investigated.<br><br>METHODS: We used daily data of the COVID-19 and coronavirus infection incidence in Japan until March 31, 2020. Time series analyses were conducted using the Bayesian method. Local linear trend models with interventional effect were constructed for the number of newly reported cases of COVID-19, including asymptomatic infections. We considered that the effects of the intervention started to appear 9 days after the school closure.<br><br>RESULTS: The intervention of school closure did not appear to decrease the incidence of coronavirus infection. If the effectiveness of school closure began on March 9, the mean coefficient α for effectiveness of the measure was calculated to be 0.08 (95% confidence interval -0.36 to 0.65), and the actual reported cases were more than predicted, yet with a rather wide confidence interval. Sensitivity analyses using different dates also did not demonstrate the effectiveness of the school closure.<br><br>DISCUSSION: School closure carried out in Japan did not show any mitigating effect on the transmission of novel coronavirus infection.},
}
@article {pmid32745627,
year = {2020},
author = {Alcoba-Florez, J and Gil-Campesino, H and de Artola, DG and González-Montelongo, R and Valenzuela-Fernández, A and Ciuffreda, L and Flores, C},
title = {Sensitivity of different RT-qPCR solutions for SARS-CoV-2 detection.},
journal = {International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijid.2020.07.058},
pmid = {32745627},
issn = {1878-3511},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic continues imposing a demand for diagnostic screening. In anticipation that the recurrence of outbreaks and the measures for lifting the lockdown worldwide may cause supply chain issues over the coming months, we assessed the sensitivity of a number of one-step retrotranscription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) solutions to detect SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>METHODS: We evaluated six different RT-qPCR alternatives for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 diagnosis based on standard RNA extractions. That of best sensitivity was also assessed with direct nasopharyngeal swab viral transmission medium (VTM) heating, overcoming the RNA extraction step.<br><br>RESULTS: We found a wide variability in the sensitivity of RT-qPCR solutions that associated with a range of false negatives from as low as 2% (0.3-7.9%) to as much as 39.8% (30.2-50.2). Direct preheating of VTM combined with the best solution provided a sensitivity of 72.5% (62.5-81.0), in the range of some of the solutions based on standard RNA extractions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: We evidenced sensitivity limitations of currently used RT-qPCR solutions. Our results will help to calibrate the impact of false negative diagnoses of COVID-19, and to detect and control new SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and community transmissions.},
}
@article {pmid32745616,
year = {2020},
author = {Ahmetov, II and Borisov, OV and Semenova, EA and Andryushchenko, ON and Andryushchenko, LB and Generozov, EV and Pickering, C},
title = {Team sport players, power and combat athletes are at high genetic risk for COVID-19 severity.},
journal = {Journal of sport and health science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jshs.2020.07.010},
pmid = {32745616},
issn = {2213-2961},
}
@article {pmid32745609,
year = {2020},
author = {Lombardi, C and Roca, E and Bigni, B and Cottini, M and Passalacqua, G},
title = {Clinical course and outcomes in patients with asthma hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia:a single-center, retrospective study.},
journal = {Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.anai.2020.07.029},
pmid = {32745609},
issn = {1534-4436},
}
@article {pmid32745608,
year = {2020},
author = {Alvarez-Perea, A and Baeza, ML},
title = {Anaphylactic shock following diagnosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Annals of allergy, asthma &amp; immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, &amp; Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.anai.2020.07.032},
pmid = {32745608},
issn = {1534-4436},
}
@article {pmid32745604,
year = {2020},
author = {Sharifkashani, S and Bafrani, MA and Khaboushan, AS and Pirzadeh, M and Kheirandish, A and Yavarpour Bali, H and Hessami, A and Saghazadeh, A and Rezaei, N},
title = {Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and SARS-CoV-2: Potential therapeutic targeting.},
journal = {European journal of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {173455},
doi = {10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173455},
pmid = {32745604},
issn = {1879-0712},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a beta coronavirus that uses the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as a point of entry. The present review discusses the origin and structure of the virus and its mechanism of cell entry followed by the therapeutic potentials of strategies directed towards SARS-CoV2-ACE2 binding, the renin-angiotensin system, and the kinin-kallikrein system. SARS-CoV2-ACE2 binding-directed approaches mainly consist of targeting receptor binding domain, ACE2 blockers, soluble ACE2, and host protease inhibitors. In conclusion, blocking or manipulating the SARS-CoV2-ACE2 binding interface perhaps offers the best tactic against the virus that should be treated as a fundamental subject of future research.},
}
@article {pmid32745596,
year = {2020},
author = {Garcia-Vidal, C and Sanjuan, G and Moreno-García, E and Puerta-Alcalde, P and Garcia-Pouton, N and Chumbita, M and Fernandez-Pittol, M and Pitart, C and Inciarte, A and Bodro, M and Morata, L and Ambrosioni, J and Grafia, I and Meira, F and Macaya, I and Cardozo, C and Casals, C and Tellez, A and Castro, P and Marco, F and García, F and Mensa, J and Martínez, JA and Soriano, A and , },
title = {Incidence of co-infections and superinfections in hospitalised patients with COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.041},
pmid = {32745596},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the burden, epidemiology and outcomes of co-infections and superinfections occurring in hospitalised patients with COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: Observational cohort study of all consecutive patients admitted ≥ 48 hours to Hospital Clinic of Barcelona for COVID-19 (February 28th - April 22nd, 2020) who are currently discharged or dead. We describe demographic, epidemiologic, laboratory, and microbiologic results, as well as outcome data retrieved from electronic health records.<br><br>RESULTS: Of a total of 989 consecutive patients with COVID-19, 72 (7.2%) had 88 other microbiologically confirmed infections: 74, bacterial; 7, fungal and 7, viral. Community-acquired co-infection at COVID-19 diagnosis was uncommon (31 out of 989, 3.1%) and mainly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 51 hospital-acquired bacterial superinfections, mostly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, were diagnosed in 43 (4.7%) patients, with a mean time from hospital admission to superinfection diagnosis of 10.6 (SD 6.6) days. Overall mortality was 9.8% (97/989). Patients with community-acquired co-infections and hospital-acquired superinfections presented with worse outcomes.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Co-infection at COVID-19 diagnosis is uncommon. Few patients developed superinfections during hospitalisation. These findings are quite differential when compared with those of other viral pandemics. As it relates to hospitalised patients with COVID-19, such findings could prove essential in defining the role of empiric antimicrobial therapy or stewardship strategies.},
}
@article {pmid32745595,
year = {2020},
author = {Van Elslande, J and Decru, B and Jonckheere, S and Van Wijngaerden, E and Houben, E and Vandecandelaere, P and Indevuyst, C and Depypere, M and Desmet, S and André, E and Van Ranst, M and Lagrou, K and Vermeersch, P},
title = {Antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein evaluated by 4 automated immunoassays and 3 ELISAs.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.038},
pmid = {32745595},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and nucleoprotein using 4 automated immunoassays and 3 ELISAs for the detection of total Ig antibodies (Roche) or IgG (Abbott, Diasorin, Snibe, Euroimmun, Mikrogen) in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: Sensitivity and dynamic trend to seropositivity were evaluated in 233 samples from 114 patients with moderate, severe, or critical COVID-19 confirmed with PCR on nasopharyngeal swab. Specificity was evaluated in 113 samples collected before January 2020 including 24 samples from patients with non-SARS coronavirus infection.<br><br>RESULTS: Sensitivity for all assays was 100% [95% confidence interval: 83.7-100] 3 weeks after onset of symptoms. Specificity varied between 94.7% [88.7-97.8] and 100% [96.1-100]. Calculated at the cut-offs that corresponded to a specificity of 95% and 97.5%, Roche had the highest sensitivity (85.0% [79.8-89.0] and 81.1% [76.6-85.7], p <0.05 except vs. Abbott). Seroconversion occurred on average 2 days earlier for Roche total Ig anti-N and the 2 IgG anti-N assays (Abbott and Euroimmun) than for the 2 IgG anti-S assays (Diasorin and Euroimmun) (≥50% seroconversion day 9-10 vs. day 11-12, and p <0.05 for % seropositive patients day 9-10 to 17-18). There was no significant difference in the IgG antibody time to seroconversion between critical and non-critical patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Seroconversion occurred within 3 weeks after onset of symptoms with all assays and on average 2 days earlier for assays detecting IgG or total Ig anti-N than for IgG anti-S. The specificity of assays detecting anti-N was comparable to anti-S and excellent in a challenging control population.},
}
@article {pmid32745594,
year = {2020},
author = {Lorenz, C and Dias Bocewicz, AC and Corrêa de Azevedo Marques, C and Reis Santana, LM and Chiaravalloti-Neto, F and Alves Gomes, AH and Barbosa, GL},
title = {Have measures against COVID-19 helped to reduce dengue cases in Brazil?.},
journal = {Travel medicine and infectious disease},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101827},
doi = {10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101827},
pmid = {32745594},
issn = {1873-0442},
}
@article {pmid32745593,
year = {2020},
author = {Brun, D and Curti, C and Mekideche, T and Benech, A and Hounliasso, I and Lamy, E and Castera, C and Rathelot, P and Vanelle, P},
title = {Stockpiled N95 respirator/surgical mask release beyond manufacturer-designated shelf-life: a French experience.},
journal = {The Journal of hospital infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.032},
pmid = {32745593},
issn = {1532-2939},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To reduce the shortage of N95 respirators and surgical masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, stockpiled equipment beyond its expiry date could be released.<br><br>AIM: Centralized testing of batches of expired surgical masks and N95 for safe distribution to hospital departments saving users time.<br><br>METHODS: Tests of compliance with health authority directives were developed and carried out on 175 batches of N95 masks and 31 batches of surgical masks from 12th March 2020 to 16 April 2020. Five quality-control tests were performed on batch samples to check: packaging integrity, mask appearance, breaking strength of elastic ties and strength of nose clip test, and face-fit.<br><br>FINDINGS: Forty-nine per cent of FFP2 mask batches were compliant with directives, 32% of batches were compliant but with some concerns and 19% of batches were non-compliant. For surgical masks, 58% of batches were compliant, 39% of batches compliant but with concerns and 3% of batches were non-compliant.<br><br>CONCLUSION: The main areas of non-compliance were the breaking strength of the elastic ties and the nose clip but these alone were not considered to make the masks unacceptable. Only mask appearance and face-fit results were decisive non-compliance criteria.},
}
@article {pmid32745590,
year = {2020},
author = {Czubryt, MP and Stecy, T and Popke, E and Aitken, R and Jabusch, K and Pound, R and Lawes, P and Ramjiawan, B and Pierce, GN},
title = {N95 Mask Reuse in a Major Urban Hospital - COVID-19 Response Process and Procedure.},
journal = {The Journal of hospital infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.035},
pmid = {32745590},
issn = {1532-2939},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The shortage of single-use N95 respirator masks (NRMs) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has prompted consideration of NRM recycling to extend limited stocks by healthcare providers and facilities.<br><br>AIM: We assessed potential re-use via autoclaving of NRMs worn daily in a major urban Canadian hospital.<br><br>METHODS: NRM reusability was assessed following collection from volunteer staff after 2-8 hours' use, sterilization by autoclaving and PortaCount fit testing. A workflow was developed for reprocessing hundreds of NRMs daily.<br><br>FINDINGS: Used NRMs passed fit testing after autoclaving once, with 86% passing a second re-use/autoclave cycle. A separate cohort of used masks pre-warmed before autoclaving passed fit testing. To recycle 200-1000 NRMs daily, procedures for collection, sterilization and re-distribution were developed to minimize particle aerosolization risk during NRM handling, reject NRM showing obvious wear, and promote adoption by staff. NRM recovery ranged from 49-80% across twelve collection cycles.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Reuse of NRMs is feasible in major hospitals and other healthcare facilities. In sharp contrast to studies of unused NRMs passing fit testing after 10 autoclave cycles, we show that daily wear dramatically reduces NRM fit, limiting reuse to a single cycle, but still increasing NRM stocks by ∼66%. Such reuse requires development of a comprehensive plan that includes communication across staffing levels, from front-line workers to hospital administration, to increase the collection, acceptance of and adherence to sterilization processes for NRM recovery.},
}
@article {pmid32745589,
year = {2020},
author = {Meda, M and Gentry, V and Reidy, P and Garner, D},
title = {Unintended consequences of long sleeved gowns in Critical Care setting during COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {The Journal of hospital infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.036},
pmid = {32745589},
issn = {1532-2939},
abstract = {At the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, hand hygiene audits indicated decreased compliance in a 12-bed Critical Care (CC) area with ventilated COVID-19 patients, where staff used PPE including sessional use of full sleeved gowns as per Public Health England (PHE) recommendations. There was also a cluster of 3 central venous catheter (CVC) infections along with increases in the number of patients from whom enteric Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) were isolated from sterile sites. Environmental sampling of near patient surfaces and frequently touched sites demonstrated 11.5% areas contaminated with enteric GNB in the COVID-19 CC area, compared to 2.6% and 2.7% in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 general wards, respectively. Following a risk assessment, hospital policy was changed to replace long- with short-sleeved gowns. The CC unit had an enhanced clean with hypochlorite based disinfectant and was resampled 8 days later. On resampling we isolated no GNB on the unit. Post PPE change hand hygiene compliance returned to baseline standards and no further CVC infections were identified. Staff reported a preference for short sleeved gowns. No evidence currently exists that PPE beyond that recommended for pandemic influenza (respiratory protection plus standard PPE) adds to protection of health care workers (HCW) from SARS-CoV-2. Long-sleeved gowns prevent HCWs performing hand hygiene effectively. While it is imperative that HCWs are adequately protected, protection of patients from infection hazards is equally important. Further studies are necessary to establish risks from PPE to inform a review of current guidance.},
}
@article {pmid32745548,
year = {2020},
author = {Abian, O and Ortega-Alarcon, D and Jimenez-Alesanco, A and Ceballos-Laita, L and Vega, S and Reyburn, HT and Rizzuti, B and Velazquez-Campoy, A},
title = {Structural stability of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro and identification of quercetin as an inhibitor by experimental screening.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.235},
pmid = {32745548},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {The global health emergency generated by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has prompted the search for preventive and therapeutic treatments for its pathogen, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There are many potential targets for drug discovery and development to tackle this disease. One of these targets is the main protease, Mpro or 3CLpro, which is highly conserved among coronaviruses. 3CLpro is an essential player in the viral replication cycle, processing the large viral polyproteins and rendering the individual proteins functional. We report a biophysical characterization of the structural stability and the catalytic activity of 3CLpro from SARS-CoV-2, from which a suitable experimental in vitro molecular screening procedure has been designed. By screening of a small chemical library consisting of about 150 compounds, the natural product quercetin was identified as reasonably potent inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro (Ki ~ 7 μM). Quercetin could be shown to interact with 3CLpro using biophysical techniques and bind to the active site in molecular simulations. Quercetin, with well-known pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties, can be considered as a good candidate for further optimization and development, or repositioned for COVID-19 therapeutic treatment.},
}
@article {pmid32745533,
year = {2020},
author = {Zaid, W and Schlieve, T},
title = {The Early Effects of Coronavirus Disease-2019 on Head and Neck Oncology and Microvascular Reconstruction Practice: A National Survey of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Enrolled in the Head and Neck Special Interest Group.},
journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2020.07.012},
pmid = {32745533},
issn = {1531-5053},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected healthcare systems across the nation. The purpose of this study is to gauge the early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on head and neck oncology and reconstructive surgery (HNORS) practice and evaluate their practice patterns especially ones that might be impacted by COVID-19 and compare them to the current literature.<br><br>METHODS: This study is a cross-sectional study that surveyed fellowship-trained oral and maxillofacial surgeons in HNORS. This cohort of surgeons was contacted via a generated email list of surgeons enrolled in the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons pathology special interest group. An electronic survey contained 16 questions to assess the COVID-19 effect on HNORS practice and capture their practice patterns from mid-March to mid-April 2020. Statistical analysis was performed to analyze counts, percentages, and response rates.<br><br>RESULTS: We had a 60% response rate (39 of 64); 72% of our responders worked at academic institutions, 18% marked themselves as hybrid academic/private practice, and only 10% were considered hospital-based surgeons. Only 8% of the survey respondents were requested to pause head and neck cancer surgery, whereas 24% were requested to pause free flap surgery during the pandemic. Fifty-five percent agreed that the head and neck and reconstructive surgery should be conducted during a pandemic. Finally, 45% thought that two weeks was a reasonable delay for head and neck cancer cases, whereas 29% thought they should not be delayed for any amount of time. Regarding practice patterns, microvascular reconstruction was the favored method (100%). Respondents generally admitted patients to an ICU postoperatively (92%) and were kept on a ventilator (53%).<br><br>CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a small impact on the surgical treatment of patients with head and neck oncology. Most HNORS surgeons are practicing in accordance with recently published literature.},
}
@article {pmid32745524,
year = {2020},
author = {Chrousos, GP and Meduri, GU},
title = {Critical COVID-19 disease, homeostasis, and the &quot;surprise&quot; of effective glucocorticoid therapy.},
journal = {Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108550},
doi = {10.1016/j.clim.2020.108550},
pmid = {32745524},
issn = {1521-7035},
}
@article {pmid32745512,
year = {2020},
author = {Nguyen, LH and Drew, DA and Graham, MS and Joshi, AD and Guo, CG and Ma, W and Mehta, RS and Warner, ET and Sikavi, DR and Lo, CH and Kwon, S and Song, M and Mucci, LA and Stampfer, MJ and Willett, WC and Eliassen, AH and Hart, JE and Chavarro, JE and Rich-Edwards, JW and Davies, R and Capdevila, J and Lee, KA and Lochlainn, MN and Varsavsky, T and Sudre, CH and Cardoso, MJ and Wolf, J and Spector, TD and Ourselin, S and Steves, CJ and Chan, AT and , },
title = {Risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers and the general community: a prospective cohort study.},
journal = {The Lancet. Public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30164-X},
pmid = {32745512},
issn = {2468-2667},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Data for front-line health-care workers and risk of COVID-19 are limited. We sought to assess risk of COVID-19 among front-line health-care workers compared with the general community and the effect of personal protective equipment (PPE) on risk.<br><br>METHODS: We did a prospective, observational cohort study in the UK and the USA of the general community, including front-line health-care workers, using self-reported data from the COVID Symptom Study smartphone application (app) from March 24 (UK) and March 29 (USA) to April 23, 2020. Participants were voluntary users of the app and at first use provided information on demographic factors (including age, sex, race or ethnic background, height and weight, and occupation) and medical history, and subsequently reported any COVID-19 symptoms. We used Cox proportional hazards modelling to estimate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of our primary outcome, which was a positive COVID-19 test. The COVID Symptom Study app is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04331509.<br><br>FINDINGS: Among 2 035 395 community individuals and 99 795 front-line health-care workers, we recorded 5545 incident reports of a positive COVID-19 test over 34 435 272 person-days. Compared with the general community, front-line health-care workers were at increased risk for reporting a positive COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 11·61, 95% CI 10·93-12·33). To account for differences in testing frequency between front-line health-care workers and the general community and possible selection bias, an inverse probability-weighted model was used to adjust for the likelihood of receiving a COVID-19 test (adjusted HR 3·40, 95% CI 3·37-3·43). Secondary and post-hoc analyses suggested adequacy of PPE, clinical setting, and ethnic background were also important factors.<br><br>INTERPRETATION: In the UK and the USA, risk of reporting a positive test for COVID-19 was increased among front-line health-care workers. Health-care systems should ensure adequate availability of PPE and develop additional strategies to protect health-care workers from COVID-19, particularly those from Black, Asian, and minority ethnic backgrounds. Additional follow-up of these observational findings is needed.<br><br>FUNDING: Zoe Global, Wellcome Trust, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, National Institutes of Health Research, UK Research and Innovation, Alzheimer's Society, National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and Massachusetts Consortium on Pathogen Readiness.},
}
@article {pmid32745502,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhou, L and Wang, J and Liu, G and Lu, Q and Dong, R and Tian, G and Yang, J and Peng, L},
title = {Probing antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 through virus-drug association prediction based on the KATZ method.},
journal = {Genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.07.044},
pmid = {32745502},
issn = {1089-8646},
abstract = {It is urgent to find an effective antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, 96 virus-drug associations (VDAs) from 12 viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and similar viruses and 78 small molecules are selected. Complete genomic sequence similarity of viruses and chemical structure similarity of drugs are then computed. A KATZ-based VDA prediction method (VDA-KATZ) is developed to infer possible drugs associated with SARS-CoV-2. VDA-KATZ obtained the best AUCs of 0.8803 when the walking length is 2. The predicted top 3 antiviral drugs against SARS-CoV-2 are remdesivir, oseltamivir, and zanamivir. Molecular docking is conducted between the predicted top 10 drugs and the virus spike protein/human ACE2. The results showed that the above 3 chemical agents have higher molecular binding energies with ACE2. For the first time, we found that zidovudine may be effective clues of treatment of COVID-19. We hope that our predicted drugs could help to prevent the spreading of COVID.},
}
@article {pmid32745466,
year = {2020},
author = {Elgohary, G},
title = {The risk and prognosis of COVID-19 infection in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Hematology/oncology and stem cell therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.hemonc.2020.07.005},
pmid = {32745466},
issn = {1658-3876},
abstract = {A number of studies have been published on outcomes of cancer patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing the COVID-19 infection. However, most of these reports are single-center studies with a limited number of patients. To better assess the outcomes of this new infection in this subgroup of susceptible patients, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 infection on cancer patients. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies that reported the risk of infection and complications of COVID-19 in cancer patients. The literature search retrieved 22 studies (1018 cancer patients). The analysis showed that the frequency of cancer among COVID-19 confirmed patients was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.3%, 3%) in the overall cohort. These patients had a mortality of 21.1% (95% CI: 14.7%, 27.6%), severe/critical disease rate of 45.4% (95% CI: 37.4%, 53.3%), ICU admission rate of 14.5% (95% CI: 8.5%, 20.4%), and mechanical ventilation rate of 11.7% (95% CI: 5.5%, 18%). The double-arm analysis showed that cancer patients had higher risk of mortality (OR = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.71, 6.13), severe/critical disease (OR = 3.91, 95% CI: 2.70, 5.67), ICU admission (OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.85, 5.17), and mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.86, 95% CI: 1.27, 18.65), compared to non-cancer patients. Further, cancer patients had significantly lower platelet levels and a significantly higher D-dimer, C-reactive protein, and prothrombin time. In conclusion, these results indicate that cancer patients are at a higher risk of COVID-19 infection-related complications. Therefore, cancer patients need diligent preventive care measures and aggressive surveillance for earlier detection of COVID-19 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32745348,
year = {2020},
author = {Patel, K and Gooley, TA and Bailey, N and Bailey, M and Hegerova, L and Batchelder, A and Holdread, H and Dunleavy, V and Downey, T and Frisvold, J and Megrath, S and Pagarigan, K and Szeto, J and Rueda, J and Islam, A and Maree, C and Nyatsatsang, S and Bork, SE and Lipke, A and O'Mahony, DS and Wagner, T and Pulido, J and Mignone, J and Youssef, S and Hartman, M and Goldman, JD and Pagel, JM},
title = {Use of the IL-6R Antagonist Tocilizumab in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.},
journal = {Journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/joim.13163},
pmid = {32745348},
issn = {1365-2796},
abstract = {Severely ill COVID-19 patients have a high risk of admission to the intensive-care unit (ICU) and requirement for mechanical ventilation (MV), with in-hospital mortality reported as 18-79% globally.1-4 . Among ICU patients in the United States (US), centers have reported 50% mortality.5,6 Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) antagonist, is FDA approved for the management of CAR T-cell related Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and may have utility in treatment of some COVID-19 patients. We describe the clinical characteristics and initial outcomes of a cohort of patients treated with tocilizumab at the Swedish Medical Center in Seattle, Washington.},
}
@article {pmid32745308,
year = {2020},
author = {Yu, X and He, W and Wang, L and Bao, M and Liu, H and Zhou, J and Jiang, H},
title = {Profiles of liver function abnormalities in elderly patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {International journal of clinical practice},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13632},
doi = {10.1111/ijcp.13632},
pmid = {32745308},
issn = {1742-1241},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The profiles of liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients need to be clarified.<br><br>METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive COVID-19 patients over 60 years old in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from Jan 1 to Feb 6 were included. Data of demographics, clinical characteristics, comorbidities, laboratory tests, medications and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Sequential alterations of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were monitored.<br><br>RESULTS: 330 patients were included and classified into two groups with normal (n=234) or elevated ALT (n=96). There were fewer females (40.6% vs 54.7%, P=0.020) and more critical cases (30.2% vs. 19.2%, P=0.026) in patients with elevated ALT compared to the normal group. Higher levels of bacterial infection indices (e.g. white blood cell count, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin) were observed in the elevated group. Spearman correlation showed that both ALT and AST levels were positively correlated with those indices of bacterial infection. No obvious effects of medications on ALT abnormalities were found. In patients with elevated ALT, most ALT elevations were mild and transient. 59.4% of the patients had ALT concentrations of 41-100 U/L, while only a few patients (5.2%) had high serum ALT concentrations above 300 U/L. ALT elevations occurred at 13 (10-17) days and recovered at 28 (18-35) days from disease onset. For most patients, the elevation of serum ALT levels occurred at 6-20 days after disease onset and reached their peak values within a similar time frame. The recovery of serum ALT levels to normal frequently occurred at 16-20 days or 31-35 days after disease onset.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Liver function abnormalities were observed in 29.1% of the elderly COVID-19 patients, which were slightly and transient in most cases. Liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 may be correlated with bacterial infection.},
}
@article {pmid32745304,
year = {2020},
author = {Susek, KH and Gran, C and Ljunggren, HG and Alici, E and Nahi, H},
title = {Outcome of COVID-19 in multiple myeloma patients in relation to treatment.},
journal = {European journal of haematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ejh.13502},
pmid = {32745304},
issn = {1600-0609},
abstract = {COVID-19 has emerged as a global pandemic. Cancer patients have been reported to be at higher risk for adverse outcome of COVID-19. Studies are ongoing to decipher the risk factors and risk groups among cancer patients as well as strategies to refine treatment approaches. Here, we report eight patients with multiple myeloma that underwent immunomodulatory therapies with daratumumab or lenalidomide-based combination treatments and one patient with smoldering multiple myeloma, all of which presented with symptomatic COVID-19. We report that patients that succumbed to COVID-19 presented with either progressive tumor disease under daratumumab treatment or were in remission under lenalidomide-dexamethasone treatment.},
}
@article {pmid32745298,
year = {2020},
author = {Shepack, A and Catenazzi, A},
title = {Transcriptomics reveal immune downregulation of newts overwhelmed by chytrid co-infection.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/mec.15576},
pmid = {32745298},
issn = {1365-294X},
abstract = {What happens when two emergent diseases infect the same host? In a From the Cover article in this issue of Molecular Ecology, McDonald et al. (2020) compare transcriptomic responses to coinfection by the two chytrid fungi in the skin, liver and spleen of Eastern newts (Notophthalmus viridescens). Novel molecular tools, such as high-throughput DNA sequencing for genome discovery and transcriptomics, have revolutionized our understanding of host-pathogen interactions and disease ecology (Güimil et al. 2005; Rosenblum et al. 2012). For example, epidemiologists are using genomic data to track the spread of the emergent SARS-CoV-2 in real time, both locally and globally.},
}
@article {pmid32745281,
year = {2020},
author = {Ko, CJ and Harigopal, M and Damsky, W and Gehlhausen, JR and Bosenberg, M and Patrignelli, R and McNiff, JM},
title = {Perniosis during the COVID-19 pandemic: Negative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunohistochemistry in Six Patients and Comparison to Perniosis Before the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {Journal of cutaneous pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cup.13830},
pmid = {32745281},
issn = {1600-0560},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acral inflammatory lesions that have some resemblance to idiopathic or autoimmune-associated perniosis (chilblains) have been described in multiple countries during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We examined histopathologic findings in six consecutive such cases from five patients received in mid-May to mid-June of 2020, evaluating immunohistochemical staining for the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. We compared these six cases to eight cases diagnosed as perniosis between January and June of 2019.<br><br>RESULTS: Five of six lesions with perniosis-like histopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic had distinctive tight cuffing of lymphocytes; intravascular material was present in one case. SARS-CoV-2 immunohistochemical staining using an antibody directed at the nucleocapsid protein was negative in all six cases. Only one of eight specimens with microscopic findings of perniosis received prior to the COVID-19 pandemic had tightly cuffed perivascular lymphocytes, and none had obvious intravascular occlusion.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: A tightly cuffed pattern of perivascular lymphocytes is a feature of perniosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. The absence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in these cases suggests against the virus being directly present in these lesions. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.},
}
@article {pmid32745276,
year = {2020},
author = {Moscarella, E and Pasquali, P and Cinotti, E and Tognetti, L and Argenziano, G and Rubegni, P},
title = {A survey on teledermatology (td) use and doctors' perception in times of COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jdv.16843},
pmid = {32745276},
issn = {1468-3083},
abstract = {the Covid-19 outbreak represented a tipping point for telemedicine. Because of the need of social distancing imposed by health care authorities to prevent the spread of the disease, the demand for telehealth increased dramatically. We aimed to investigate teledermatology (TD) use and doctors' perception during the recent pandemic. The TD task force of the EADV (European Academy of Dermatology and Venerology) ideated an online survey that was spread via email among dermatologists with the support of EADV, AIDNID (Italian Association of Non Invasive Imaging in Dermatology) and SIDeMast (Italian Society of Dermatology and Venerology).},
}
@article {pmid32745262,
year = {2020},
author = {de Castilho, LS and Lages, FDS and Ferreira, RVD and de Oliveira, ACB and Vilaça, ÊL and Diniz, IMA},
title = {Breathing problems and COVID-19 in patients with developmental disabilities.},
journal = {Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric Dentistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/scd.12504},
pmid = {32745262},
issn = {1754-4505},
}
@article {pmid32745249,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Five common skin manifestations of COVID-19 identified.},
journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
volume = {183},
number = {1},
pages = {e16},
doi = {10.1111/bjd.19204},
pmid = {32745249},
issn = {1365-2133},
abstract = {COVID-19, also called coronavirus, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. First identified in December 2019, in March 2020 it was announced by the World Health Organisation that COVID-19 had become a global pandemic. The disease can affect different organ systems, and early reports have suggested skin symptoms. The researchers, working with dermatologists across Spain, reviewed 375 patients with suspected, or confirmed, COVID-19, with the aim of developing a detailed classification of the different types of skin symptoms associated with COVID-19 with corresponding images. An initial 120 images were reviewed by four dermatologists, without knowing any other clinical information, and they identified patterns of symptoms associated with COVID-19. These patterns were then applied to the rest of the images and further refined. Five common skin symptoms were identified this way. These symptoms are chilblain-like lesions, outbreaks of small blisters, wheals, rashes comprised of small flat and raised red bumps, and livedo and necrosis. Livedo is a skin condition where circulation is impaired within the blood vessels of the skin, necrosis refers to the premature death of skin tissue. These symptoms are associated with different severity of COVID-19 infection, from less severe disease in the chilblain-like lesions, to most severe in patients with livedo. The researchers noted that some of the skin symptoms associated with COVID-19 are common and can have many causes, particularly wheals and rashes. As such, they may not be particularly helpful as an aide to diagnosis.},
}
@article {pmid32745239,
year = {2020},
author = {San Juan, I and Bruzzone, C and Bizkarguenaga, M and Bernardo-Seisdedos, G and Laín, A and Gil-Redondo, R and Diercks, T and Gil-Martínez, J and Urquiza, P and Arana, E and Seco, M and García de Vicuña, A and Embade, N and Mato, JM and Millet, O},
title = {Abnormal concentration of porphyrins in serum from COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {British journal of haematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/bjh.17060},
pmid = {32745239},
issn = {1365-2141},
abstract = {COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is not only a lung disease but rather a systemic syndrome where blood alterations may play a key role (1). Severe cases show a marked variation in the red blood cell distribution width (2), which agrees well with reduced erythrocyte turnover and would function as a compensatory mechanism to maintain the circulating red blood cell and oxygen levels (3).},
}
@article {pmid32745237,
year = {2020},
author = {Tao, J and Song, Z and Yang, L and Huang, C and Feng, A and Man, X},
title = {Emergency management of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for the dermatology department.},
journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
volume = {182},
number = {6},
pages = {e195},
doi = {10.1111/bjd.19074},
pmid = {32745237},
issn = {1365-2133},
abstract = {Since cases first emerged in December 2019, COVID-19 (a type of coronavirus) has rapidly become pandemic. This fast-tracked paper (published quickly) from China on COVID-19 is written by dermatologists at the epicentre of the outbreak in Wuhan. Dermatology clinic staff may be at risk because protective equipment is not routinely available, and skin lesions might possibly transmit the virus indirectly. These authors suggest preventive measures based on experience in this and previous coronavirus outbreaks. Online consultation for non-urgent patients reduces the numbers of patients attending clinics. Nurse-led triage, to identify patients with possible COVID-19, at the entrances of hospital and skin clinics directs patients with a cough or fever to a specific COVID-19 area and a dermatologist is consulted if the fever might be related to skin disease. Clinic staff wear N95 masks and observe hand hygiene during consultations. Patients are admitted to a ward only if routine blood tests and chest CT scans exclude COVID-19. Triage will not detect patients who are showing no symptoms but who are developing the disease, so the hospital should provide an on-call expert team to discuss inpatients suspected or diagnosed with COVID-19 and refer them to radiology, respiratory or intensive care colleagues as required. Confirmed cases are managed following local policies. Skin disorders in COVID-19 inpatients can usually be managed remotely using photographs, email and teleconferencing. If necessary a multidisciplinary team (a team of medical staff from different specialties) can meet in the clean area of the isolation ward. If the dermatologist must see the patient, all records should be provided in advance to minimise exposure time. With these precautions, as of 20th February 2020 no infected patients were detected in the Wuhan Dermatology Department. This is a summary of the study: Emergency management for preventing and controlling nosocomial infection of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for the dermatology department.},
}
@article {pmid32745236,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Identificadas las principales manifestaciones en la piel de la COVID-19.},
journal = {The British journal of dermatology},
volume = {183},
number = {1},
pages = {e17},
doi = {10.1111/bjd.19223},
pmid = {32745236},
issn = {1365-2133},
abstract = {La enfermedad COVID-19 es una infección provocada por SARS-CoV-2. Se descubrió en diciembre de 2019, y en marzo de 2020 la Organización Mundial de la Salud anunció que ocasionaba una pandemia. La enfermedad puede afectar a varios órganos y algunas descripciones previas indicaban que puede afectar a la piel. Los investigadores, dermatólogos de toda España, revisaron 375 casos con COVID-19 sospechado o confirmado, para desarrollar una clasificación de las lesiones que se asocian a COVID-19 y aportar imágenes. Las lesiones de los primeros 120 casos fueron revisadas por cuatro dermatólogos, sin conocer otra información clínica, para reconocer los patrones de lesiones que se asocian con la COVID-19. Luego aplicaron estos patrones al resto de imágenes, mientras se mejoraban. De esta forma se describieron 5 grandes tipos de lesiones. Los grupos son: lesiones que parecen sabañones, brotes de pequeñas vesículas, ronchas, erupciones elevadas rojizas y lesiones de livedo o necrosis. La livedo son manchas que se producen por una alteración de la circulación de la sangre en la piel, mientras la necrosis es la muerte prematura de tejidos. Estos signos de COVID-19 se asocian con diferentes grados de gravedad de la enfermedad: las lesiones que parecen sabañones aparecen en las formas menos graves y la livedo o necrosis en los más graves. Los autores han señalado que algunas de las manifestaciones de la COVID-19 en la piel pueden aparecer de forma frecuente por otras causas, especialmente las ronchas y las erupciones. Por eso es posible que no sean muy útiles para el diagnóstico.},
}
@article {pmid32745230,
year = {2020},
author = {Park, M and Thwaites, RS and Openshaw, PJM},
title = {COVID-19: Lessons from SARS and MERS.},
journal = {European journal of immunology},
volume = {50},
number = {3},
pages = {308-311},
doi = {10.1002/eji.202070035},
pmid = {32745230},
issn = {1521-4141},
}
@article {pmid32745217,
year = {2020},
author = {Parnes, N and Tousant, C and Perrine, J and DeFranco, MJ},
title = {Outpatient Orthopedic Rehabilitation in New York State During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Therapist Perspectives.},
journal = {Orthopedics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.3928/01477447-20200721-16},
pmid = {32745217},
issn = {1938-2367},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong impact on the care of orthopedic patients. This impact has been particularly difficult in New York State, which experienced the largest number of COVID-19 cases and led to a state- mandated pause on all elective surgeries. As a result, physical and occupational therapists became the principal providers of care and had to adjust their workflow to ensure quality care. Understanding the perspectives and needs of therapists relative to the circumstances created by COVID-19 is critical to safe and effective care. The goal of this study was to define the perspectives of therapists in New York State regarding the impact of COVID-19 on their work. An email-based 20-question survey was distributed to 250 therapists from all 10 regions of New York State who treated outpatient orthopedic patients during the peak of the pandemic in early April 2020. The survey collected demographic and practice information as well as responses regarding several clinical practice issues. The results provide insight into the concerns of therapists regarding the delivery of care, and responses clarify indications for therapy and for the use of telemedicine to achieve goals during the pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic is profoundly impacting the work of therapists worldwide. Therapists responded to this survey expressing concerns about the safe delivery of care, access to personal protective equipment, use of telemedicine, and their role within health care during the pandemic. The results of this study can be used to establish guidelines for safe, effective, and efficient therapy during the pandemic. [Orthopedics. 2020;43(x):xx-xx.].},
}
@article {pmid32745211,
year = {2020},
author = {Islam, N and Khunti, K and Dambha-Miller, H and Kawachi, I and Marmot, M},
title = {COVID-19 mortality: A complex interplay of sex, gender, and ethnicity.},
journal = {European journal of public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/eurpub/ckaa150},
pmid = {32745211},
issn = {1464-360X},
}
@article {pmid32745201,
year = {2020},
author = {Heald-Sargent, T and Muller, WJ and Zheng, X and Rippe, J and Patel, AB and Kociolek, LK},
title = {Age-Related Differences in Nasopharyngeal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Levels in Patients With Mild to Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).},
journal = {JAMA pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.3651},
pmid = {32745201},
issn = {2168-6211},
}
@article {pmid32745200,
year = {2020},
author = {Auger, KA and Shah, SS and Richardson, T and Hartley, D and Hall, M and Warniment, A and Timmons, K and Bosse, D and Ferris, SA and Brady, PW and Schondelmeyer, AC and Thomson, JE},
title = {Association Between Statewide School Closure and COVID-19 Incidence and Mortality in the US.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.14348},
pmid = {32745200},
issn = {1538-3598},
abstract = {Importance: In the US, states enacted nonpharmaceutical interventions, including school closure, to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All 50 states closed schools in March 2020 despite uncertainty if school closure would be effective.<br><br>Objective: To determine if school closure and its timing were associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality.<br><br>US population-based observational study conducted between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, using interrupted time series analyses incorporating a lag period to allow for potential policy-associated changes to occur. To isolate the association of school closure with outcomes, state-level nonpharmaceutical interventions and attributes were included in negative binomial regression models. States were examined in quartiles based on state-level COVID-19 cumulative incidence per 100 000 residents at the time of school closure. Models were used to derive the estimated absolute differences between schools that closed and schools that remained open as well as the number of cases and deaths if states had closed schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile.<br><br>Exposures: Closure of primary and secondary schools.<br><br>Main Outcomes and Measures: COVID-19 daily incidence and mortality per 100 000 residents.<br><br>Results: COVID-19 cumulative incidence in states at the time of school closure ranged from 0 to 14.75 cases per 100 000 population. School closure was associated with a significant decline in the incidence of COVID-19 (adjusted relative change per week, -62% [95% CI, -71% to -49%]) and mortality (adjusted relative change per week, -58% [95% CI, -68% to -46%]). Both of these associations were largest in states with low cumulative incidence of COVID-19 at the time of school closure. For example, states with the lowest incidence of COVID-19 had a -72% (95% CI, -79% to -62%) relative change in incidence compared with -49% (95% CI, -62% to -33%) for those states with the highest cumulative incidence. In a model derived from this analysis, it was estimated that closing schools when the cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was in the lowest quartile compared with the highest quartile was associated with 128.7 fewer cases per 100 000 population over 26 days and with 1.5 fewer deaths per 100 000 population over 16 days.<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: Between March 9, 2020, and May 7, 2020, school closure in the US was temporally associated with decreased COVID-19 incidence and mortality; states that closed schools earlier, when cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was low, had the largest relative reduction in incidence and mortality. However, it remains possible that some of the reduction may have been related to other concurrent nonpharmaceutical interventions.},
}
@article {pmid32745198,
year = {2020},
author = {Pearman, A and Hughes, ML and Smith, EL and Neupert, SD},
title = {Age Differences in Risk and Resilience Factors in COVID-19-Related Stress.},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/geronb/gbaa120},
pmid = {32745198},
issn = {1758-5368},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Older adults are at higher risk for death and infirmity from COVID-19 than younger and middle-age adults. The current study examines COVID-19-specific anxiety and proactive coping as potential risk and resilience factors that may be differentially important for younger and older adults in understanding stress experienced due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>METHOD: Five hundred and fifteen adults aged 20-79 in the U.S. reported on their anxiety about developing COVID-19, proactive coping, and stress related to COVID-19 in an online survey.<br><br>RESULTS: Although there were no age differences in stress levels, anxiety about developing COVID-19 was associated with more COVID-19 stress for older adults relative to younger adults, but proactive coping was associated with less COVID-19 stress for older adults relative to younger adults.<br><br>DISCUSSION: Our results suggest that anxiety might function as a risk factor whereas proactive coping may function as a resilience factor for older adults' COVID-19 stress. We encourage future context-dependent investigations into mental health among older adults during this pandemic and beyond.},
}
@article {pmid32745196,
year = {2020},
author = {Wang, K and Long, QX and Deng, HJ and Hu, J and Gao, QZ and Zhang, GJ and He, CL and Huang, LY and Hu, JL and Chen, J and Tang, N and Huang, AL},
title = {Longitudinal dynamics of the neutralizing antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1143},
pmid = {32745196},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic with no licensed vaccine or specific antiviral agents for therapy. Little is known about the longitudinal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in COVID-19 patients.<br><br>METHODS: Blood samples (n=173) were collected from 30 COVID-19 patients over a 3-month period after symptom onset and analyzed for SARS-CoV-2-specific NAbs, using the lentiviral pseudotype assay, coincident with the levels of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines.<br><br>RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2-specific NAb titers were low for the first 7-10 d after symptom onset and increased after 2-3 weeks. The median peak time for NAbs was 33 d (IQR 24-59 d) after symptom onset. NAb titers in 93·3% (28/30) of the patients declined gradually over the 3-month study period, with a median decrease of 34·8% (IQR 19·6-42·4%). NAb titers increased over time in parallel with the rise in IgG antibody levels, correlating well at week 3 (r = 0·41, p &amp; 0·05). The NAb titers also demonstrated a significant positive correlation with levels of plasma proinflammatory cytokines, including SCF, TRAIL, and M-CSF.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: These data provide useful information regarding dynamic changes in NAbs in COVID-19 patients during the acute and convalescent phases.},
}
@article {pmid32745182,
year = {2020},
author = {Donohue, JM and Miller, E},
title = {COVID-19 and School Closures.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.13092},
pmid = {32745182},
issn = {1538-3598},
}
@article {pmid32745181,
year = {2020},
author = {Goetz, L and Yang, J and Greene, W and Zhu, Y},
title = {A COVID-19 patient with repeatedly undetectable SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.},
journal = {The journal of applied laboratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jalm/jfaa137},
pmid = {32745181},
issn = {2576-9456},
}
@article {pmid32745177,
year = {2020},
author = {Kay, JK and Parsel, SM and Marsh, JJ and McWhorter, AJ and Friedlander, PL},
title = {Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Transmission During Flexible Laryngoscopy: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {JAMA otolaryngology-- head &amp; neck surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1973},
pmid = {32745177},
issn = {2168-619X},
abstract = {Importance: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reportedly infected otolaryngologists disproportionately in the early parts of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Recommendations from national and international health organizations suggest minimizing the use of flexible laryngoscopy as a result.<br><br>Objective: To review evidence on the risks of aerosolization and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to health care personnel during endoscopy of the upper aerodigestive tract.<br><br>Evidence Review: A comprehensive review of literature was performed on April 19, 2020, using the PubMed/MEDLINE (1966-April 2020), Embase (1975-April 2020), and Web of Science (1900-April 2020) databases. All English-language primary research studies were included if they assessed the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 during procedures in the upper aerodigestive tract. The primary outcome measure was disease transmission among health care workers. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used for accuracy of reporting.<br><br>Findings: The queries for SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1 identified 6 articles for systematic review. No studies included in this review provided data for SARS-CoV-2 transmission during flexible laryngoscopy. A total of 204 of 1264 health care workers (16.1%) had procedure-specific infections of SARS-CoV-1 or SARS-CoV-2. Among those, 53 of 221 (24.0%) were exposed during intubation, 1 of 15 (6.7%) during bronchoscopy, and 1 of 1 (100%) during endoscopy-assisted intubation.<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: A substantial lack of research precludes formal conclusions about the safety of flexible laryngoscopy and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to health care workers. The use of appropriate precautionary measures and personal protective equipment appears to reduce the risk of transmission. Given the uncertainty in transmission and the known benefits of safety precautions, upper airway endoscopy may be reasonable to perform if precautionary steps are taken.},
}
@article {pmid32745172,
year = {2020},
author = {Koo, BS and Oh, H and Kim, G and Hwang, EH and Jung, H and Lee, Y and Kang, P and Park, JH and Ryu, CM and Hong, JJ},
title = {Transient lymphopenia and interstitial pneumonia with endotheliitis in SARS-CoV-2-infected macaques.},
journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaa486},
pmid = {32745172},
issn = {1537-6613},
abstract = {Using a reliable primate model is critical for developing therapeutic advances to treat humans infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Here, we exposed macaques to high titres of SARS-CoV-2 via combined transmission routes. We observed acute interstitial pneumonia with endotheliitis in the lungs of all infected macaques. All macaques had a significant loss of total lymphocytes during infection, which were restored over time. These data show that SARS-CoV-2 causes a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-like disease in macaques. This new model could investigate the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and the immune system to test therapeutic strategies.},
}
@article {pmid32745101,
year = {2020},
author = {Verduyn, M and Allou, N and Gazaille, V and Andre, M and Desroche, T and Jaffar, MC and Traversier, N and Levin, C and Lagrange-Xelot, M and Moiton, MP and Hoang, S},
title = {Co-infection of dengue and COVID-19: A case report.},
journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases},
volume = {14},
number = {8},
pages = {e0008476},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008476},
pmid = {32745101},
issn = {1935-2735},
}
@article {pmid32745072,
year = {2020},
author = {Zalud, I and Harvey, S},
title = {Obstetric hospital preparedness for a pandemic: an obstetric critical care perspective in response to COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of perinatal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/jpm-2020-0281},
pmid = {32745072},
issn = {1619-3997},
abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had a rapid and deadly onset, spreading quickly throughout the world. Pregnant patients have had high mortality rates, perinatal losses, and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions from acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in the past. Potentially, a surge of patients may require hospitalization and ICU care beyond the capacity of the health care system. This article is to provide institutional guidance on how to prepare an obstetric hospital service for a pandemic, mass casualty, or natural disaster by identifying a care model and resources for a large surge of critically ill pregnant patients over a short time. We recommend a series of protocols, education, and simulation training, with a structured and tiered approach to match the needs for the patients, for hospitals specialized in obstetrics.},
}
@article {pmid32745068,
year = {2020},
author = {Hörber, S and Soldo, J and Relker, L and Jürgens, S and Guther, J and Peter, S and Lehmann, R and Peter, A},
title = {Evaluation of three fully-automated SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1515/cclm-2020-0975},
pmid = {32745068},
issn = {1437-4331},
abstract = {Objectives Serological assays for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are increasingly used during the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-Coronavirus-2. Here we evaluated the analytical and clinical performance of three commercially available SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Methods A total of 186 samples from 58 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 infection were measured using SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens Healthineers, Roche Diagnostics and Euroimmun. Additionally, 123 control samples, including samples collected before December 2019 and samples with potential cross-reactive antibodies were analyzed. Diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, agreement between assays and ROC curve-derived optimized thresholds were determined. Furthermore, intra- and inter-assay precision and the potential impact of interfering substances were investigated. Results SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays by Siemens and Roche showed 100% specificity. The Euroimmun assay had 98 and 100% specificity, when borderline results are considered as positive or negative, respectively. Diagnostic sensitivity for samples collected ≥14 days after PCR-positivity was 97.0, 89.4 and 95.5% using the Siemens, Roche and Euroimmun assay, respectively. Sensitivity of the Roche assay can be increased using an optimized cut-off index (0.095). However, a simultaneous decrease in specificity (98.4%) was observed. Siemens showed 95.8 and 95.5% overall agreement with results of Euroimmun and Roche assay, respectively. Euroimmun and Roche assay exhibited 92.6% overall agreement. Discordant results were observed in three COVID-19 patients and in one COVID-19 patient none of the investigated assays detected antibodies. Conclusions The investigated assays were highly specific and sensitive in detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in samples obtained ≥14 days after PCR-confirmed infection. Discordant results need to be investigated in further studies.},
}
@article {pmid32745013,
year = {2020},
author = {Wilmink, G and Summer, I and Marsyla, D and Sukhu, S and Grote, J and Zobel, G and Fillit, H and Movva, S},
title = {Real-time digital contact tracing: Development of a system to control COVID-19 outbreaks in nursing homes and long-term care facilities.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.2196/20828},
pmid = {32745013},
issn = {2369-2960},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can spread rapidly in nursing homes and long term care (LTC) facilities. Symptoms-based screening and manual contact tracing have limitations that render them ineffective for containing viral spread in LTC facilities: (i) symptoms-based screening alone cannot identify asymptomatic infected persons; (ii) viral spread is too fast in confined living quarters to be contained by slow manual contact tracing processes.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: We describe the development of a digital contact tracing system that LTC facilities can use to rapidly identify and contain asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected contacts. A compartmental model was also developed to simulate disease transmission dynamics and to assess system performance versus conventional methods.<br><br>METHODS: We developed a compartmental model parameterized specifically to assess COVID-19 transmission in LTC facilities. The model was used to quantify the impact of asymptomatic transmission and to assess the performance of several intervention groups to control outbreaks: no intervention, symptom mapping, PCR testing, manual and digital contact tracing.<br><br>RESULTS: Our digital contact tracing system allows users to rapidly identify and then isolate close contacts, store and track infection data in a respiratory line listing tool, and identify contaminated rooms. Our simulation results indicate that the speed and efficiency of digital contact tracing contributed to superior control performance yielding up to 52% fewer cases than conventional methods.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Digital contact tracing systems show promise as effective tool to control COVID-19 outbreaks in LTC facilities. As facilities prepare to relax restrictions and re-open to outside visitors, such tools will allow them to do so in a surgical, cost-effective manner that both controls outbreaks while also safely giving residents back the life they once had before this pandemic hit.<br><br>CLINICALTRIAL: Not applicable.},
}
@article {pmid32744989,
year = {2020},
author = {Totura, A and Livingston, V and Frick, O and Dyer, D and Nichols, D and Nalca, A},
title = {Small Particle Aerosol Exposure of African Green Monkeys to MERS-CoV as a Model for Highly Pathogenic Coronavirus Infection.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {26},
number = {12},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3201/eid2612.201664},
pmid = {32744989},
issn = {1080-6059},
abstract = {Emerging coronaviruses are a global public health threat because of the potential for person-to-person transmission and high mortality rates. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) emerged in 2012, causing lethal respiratory disease in »35% of cases. Primate models of coronavirus disease are needed to support development of therapeutics, but few models exist that recapitulate severe disease. For initial development of a MERS-CoV primate model, 12 African green monkeys were exposed to 103, 104, or 105 PFU target doses of aerosolized MERS-CoV. We observed a dose-dependent increase of respiratory disease signs, although all 12 monkeys survived for the 28-day duration of the study. This study describes dose-dependent effects of MERS-CoV infection of primates and uses a route of infection with potential relevance to MERS-CoV transmission. Aerosol exposure of African green monkeys might provide a platform approach for the development of primate models of novel coronavirus diseases.},
}
@article {pmid32744946,
year = {2020},
author = {Kanter, GP and Segal, AG and Groeneveld, PW},
title = {Income Disparities In Access To Critical Care Services.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1362-1367},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00581},
pmid = {32744946},
issn = {1544-5208},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of intensive care unit (ICU) beds in preventing death from the severe respiratory illness associated with COVID-19. However, the availability of ICU beds is highly variable across the US, and health care resources are generally more plentiful in wealthier communities. We examined disparities in community ICU beds by US communities' median household income. We found a large gap in access by income: 49 percent of the lowest-income communities had no ICU beds in their communities, whereas only 3 percent of the highest-income communities had no ICU beds. Income disparities in the availability of community ICU beds were more acute in rural areas than in urban areas. Policies that facilitate hospital coordination are urgently needed to address shortages in ICU hospital bed supply to mitigate the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on mortality rates in low-income communities.},
}
@article {pmid32744940,
year = {2020},
author = {Scales, D},
title = {An Understaffed Hospital Battles COVID-19.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1450-1452},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00810},
pmid = {32744940},
issn = {1544-5208},
abstract = {During the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, staffing ratios reached untenable levels.},
}
@article {pmid32744939,
year = {2020},
author = {Sinsky, C and Linzer, M},
title = {Practice And Policy Reset Post-COVID-19: Reversion, Transition, Or Transformation?.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1405-1411},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00612},
pmid = {32744939},
issn = {1544-5208},
abstract = {Clinical care in the United States has been transformed during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. To support these changes, regulators and payers have temporarily modified long-standing policies, recognizing the need for a trade-off between the costs and benefits of oversight during times of crisis. Specifically, there has been a heightened receptivity to the importance of preserving physicians' and other health care professionals' time, cognitive bandwidth, and emotional reserve for the direct care of patients, instead of squandering these resources on low-value tasks and frustrating technology. Instead of reflexively reverting to past practices and policies, there is now an opportunity to take advantage of the lessons of COVID-19 for the further transformation of health care to achieve Quadruple Aim outcomes (better care for individuals, better health for the population, better experience for clinicians, and lower costs). We outline some of the policy and practice changes that we believe should endure after the crisis has passed, and we recommend using similar logic during noncrisis times to make additional changes to further reduce administrative burden, and thus improve patient care.},
}
@article {pmid32744937,
year = {2020},
author = {Basu, A},
title = {COVID-19 Infection Fatality Rates: The Author Replies.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1462-1463},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01182},
pmid = {32744937},
issn = {1544-5208},
}
@article {pmid32744933,
year = {2020},
author = {Sackeim, MG},
title = {Protecting Access To Abortion During The COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1456-1458},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00565},
pmid = {32744933},
issn = {1544-5208},
abstract = {Several states attempted to deem abortions nonessential during the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving some women with difficult choices.},
}
@article {pmid32744932,
year = {2020},
author = {},
title = {Foundations Help Fight Effects And Roots Of COVID-19.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1459-1461},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01137},
pmid = {32744932},
issn = {1544-5208},
}
@article {pmid32744929,
year = {2020},
author = {Sundar, KR},
title = {A Patient With COVID-19 Is Left Behind As Care Goes Virtual.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1453-1455},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00447},
pmid = {32744929},
issn = {1544-5208},
abstract = {Virtual strategies for health care visits during a pandemic must not exclude marginalized patients.},
}
@article {pmid32744928,
year = {2020},
author = {Weil, A},
title = {COVID-19, Home Health, And More.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1279},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01339},
pmid = {32744928},
issn = {1544-5208},
}
@article {pmid32744927,
year = {2020},
author = {Fairman, KA},
title = {COVID-19 Infection Fatality Rates.},
journal = {Health affairs (Project Hope)},
volume = {39},
number = {8},
pages = {1462},
doi = {10.1377/hlthaff.2020.00949},
pmid = {32744927},
issn = {1544-5208},
}
@article {pmid32744917,
year = {2020},
author = {Sharun, K and Tiwari, R and Iqbal Yatoo, M and Patel, SK and Natesan, S and Dhama, J and Malik, YS and Harapan, H and Singh, RK and Dhama, K},
title = {Antibody-based immunotherapeutics and use of convalescent plasma to counter COVID-19: advances and prospects.},
journal = {Expert opinion on biological therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/14712598.2020.1796963},
pmid = {32744917},
issn = {1744-7682},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread to several countries globally. Currently, there is no specific drug or vaccine available for managing COVID-19. Antibody-based immunotherapeutic strategies using convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and intravenous immunoglobulins have therapeutic potential.<br><br>AREAS COVERED: This review provides the current status of the development of various antibody-based immunotherapeutics such as convalescent plasma, mAbs, NAbs, and intravenous immunoglobulins against COVID-19. The review also highlights their advantages, disadvantages, and clinical utility for the treatment of COVID-19 patients.<br><br>EXPERT OPINION: In a pandemic situation such as COVID-19, the development of new drugs should focus on and expedite the strategies where safety and efficacy are proven. Antibody-based immunotherapeutic approaches such as convalescent plasma, intravenous immunoglobulins, and mAbs have a proven record of safety and efficacy and are in use for decades. Some of them are already being used to manage COVID-19 patients and found to be useful. However, the mAbs with virus neutralization potential is the need of the hour during this COVID-19 pandemic to be more specific and virus targeted. The research and investment need to be accelerated to bring them into clinical use for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes against COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744907,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, R and Yi, S and Zhang, J and Lv, Z and Zhu, C and Zhang, Y},
title = {Viral Load Dynamics in Sputum and Nasopharyngeal Swab in Patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of dental research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {22034520946251},
doi = {10.1177/0022034520946251},
pmid = {32744907},
issn = {1544-0591},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global pandemic associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum samples are generally collected for serial viral load screening of respiratory contagions, but temporal profiles of these samples are not completely clear in patients with COVID-19. We performed an observational cohort study at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, which involved 31 patients with confirmed COVID-19 with or without underlying diseases. We obtained samples from each patient, and serial viral load was measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We found that the viral load in the sputum was inclined to be higher than samples obtained from the nasopharyngeal swab at disease presentation. Moreover, the viral load in the sputum decreased more slowly over time than in the nasopharyngeal group as the disease progressed. Interestingly, even when samples in the nasopharyngeal swab turned negative, it was commonly observed that patients with underlying diseases, especially hypertension and diabetes, remained positive for COVID-19 and required a longer period for the sputum samples to turn negative. These combined findings emphasize the importance of tracking sputum samples even in patients with negative tests from nasopharyngeal swabs, especially for those with underlying conditions. In conclusion, this work reinforces the importance of sputum samples for SARS-CoV-2 detection to minimize transmission of COVID-19 within the community.},
}
@article {pmid32744901,
year = {2020},
author = {Saniasiaya, J and Kulasegarah, J},
title = {Auditory Cinchonism in COVID Era.},
journal = {Ear, nose, &amp; throat journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {145561320947255},
doi = {10.1177/0145561320947255},
pmid = {32744901},
issn = {1942-7522},
}
@article {pmid32744897,
year = {2020},
author = {Cheng, A and Vasquez Guzman, CE and Duffield, TC and Hofkamp, H},
title = {Advancing Telemedicine Within Family Medicine's Core Values.},
journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0282},
pmid = {32744897},
issn = {1556-3669},
abstract = {Telemedicine adoption has been gradual but accelerated during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important for us to pause and consider how this impacts family medicine. How do we ground ourselves so that we use technology to enhance our practice while maintaining fundamental family medicine values? In this article, we explore how telemedicine interacts with five family medicine tenants: contextual care, continuity of care, access to care, comprehensive care, and care coordination. Keeping this framework in mind and using a health equity lens can help us retain fundamental family medicine values as we adapt to rapid technological change.},
}
@article {pmid32744884,
year = {2020},
author = {Prasun, P},
title = {COVID-19, Mitochondria, and Interferon.},
journal = {Journal of interferon &amp; cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/jir.2020.0112},
pmid = {32744884},
issn = {1557-7465},
}
@article {pmid32744843,
year = {2020},
author = {Szabo, A and Ábel, K and Boros, S},
title = {Attitudes toward COVID-19 and stress levels in Hungary: Effects of age, perceived health status, and gender.},
journal = {Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1037/tra0000665},
pmid = {32744843},
issn = {1942-969X},
abstract = {The aim of this report is to provide a picture about Hungarians' attitudes and behaviors 1 month after the first COVID-19 case was confirmed in Hungary. Based on survey data from 1,552 adults that were collected in mid-April 2020, it appears that Hungarians agree with and follow the preventive measures of the government. There are, however, differences between 3 age groups (i.e., 18-30, 31-59, and 60+ years), people with different perceived health status (i.e., good, average, and below average), and the genders. In Hungary young people, those with perceived average or below-average health, and women report the most stress during the early phase of the COVID-19 period. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
}
@article {pmid32744842,
year = {2020},
author = {Banerjee, D and Bhattacharya, P},
title = {&quot;Pandemonium of the pandemic&quot;: Impact of COVID-19 in India, focus on mental health.},
journal = {Psychological trauma : theory, research, practice and policy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1037/tra0000799},
pmid = {32744842},
issn = {1942-969X},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a global health threat, with every nation facing unique challenges during the outbreak. Such pandemics are much beyond biological phenomena. They have psychosocial and economic implications that might long outlast the infection itself. India recently crossed 50,000 cases and is undergoing a historic nationwide lockdown in an attempt to control the outbreak. Considering the sociocultural diversity, limited public health resources, increasing psychological comorbidities, and substantial number of vulnerable populations (e.g., homeless, migrants), the subcontinent is facing unprecedented challenges at all fronts. This commentary glances at the COVID-19 scenario in India through the psychosocial lens, highlights the strategies so far, and discusses the recommended ways ahead. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
}
@article {pmid32744841,
year = {2020},
author = {Rettie, H and Daniels, J},
title = {Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The American psychologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1037/amp0000710},
pmid = {32744841},
issn = {1935-990X},
abstract = {The current pandemic wave of COVID-19 has resulted in significant uncertainty for the general public. Mental health and examining factors that may influence distress have been outlined as key research priorities to inform interventions. This research sought to examine whether intolerance of uncertainty and coping responses influence the degree of distress experienced by the U.K. general public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a cross-sectional online questionnaire design, participants were recruited (N = 842) using snowball sampling over a 10-day period in the early &quot;lockdown&quot; phase of the pandemic. Around a quarter of participants demonstrated significantly elevated anxiety and depression, with 14.8% reaching clinical cutoff for health anxiety. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated those in &quot;vulnerable&quot; groups were significantly more anxious (p < .001), and also more anxious in relation to their health (p < .001). Mediation modeling demonstrated maladaptive coping responses partially mediated the predictive relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and psychological distress. Mental health difficulties have become significantly raised during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom, particularly for the vulnerable. Findings support emerging research suggesting the general public is struggling with uncertainty, more so than normal. Vulnerable groups are more anxious about their health, but not more intolerant of uncertainty than the nonvulnerable. Finally, this study indicated two modifiable factors that could act as treatment targets when adapting interventions for mental health during the COVID-19 global health crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).},
}
@article {pmid32744823,
year = {2020},
author = {Calabrese, C and Lehman, B},
title = {COVID-19: a primer for the rheumatologist: management of patients and care settings.},
journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {429-433},
doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000732},
pmid = {32744823},
issn = {1531-6963},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There are currently many unanswered questions surrounding the management of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic and several 'rapid' guidelines have been released, although are subject to be updated and changed in the near future. The purpose of this review is to discuss the approach to management of patients with immune-mediated diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic.<br><br>RECENT FINDINGS: At present, there is little evidence to suggest an increased risk of COVID-19 infection or its complications in patients with immune-mediated diseases or associated with conventional or biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs; however, glucocorticoid use does appear to have negative associations.<br><br>SUMMARY: Currently, conventional and biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs can be continued in the absence of SARS-CoV-2 exposure. In the case of exposure, with the exception of hydroxyhcloroquine and sulfasalazine, immunosuppression should be held for 2 weeks. Our recommendations and the guidelines we discuss here are based on C-level recommendations but help provide a framework for how to counsel our patients during this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32744819,
year = {2020},
author = {Han, X and Xia, N and Chen, Z and Pan, C and Huang, X},
title = {Inpatients with brain damage, impaired airways and severely restricted daily activities have an increased infection rate during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center retrospective analysis from Wuhan.},
journal = {American journal of physical medicine &amp; rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/PHM.0000000000001535},
pmid = {32744819},
issn = {1537-7385},
}
@article {pmid32744818,
year = {2020},
author = {Samarasekera, DD and Goh, DLM and Lau, TC},
title = {Medical School Approach to Manage the Current COVID-19 Crisis.},
journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1126-1127},
doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003425},
pmid = {32744818},
issn = {1938-808X},
}
@article {pmid32744817,
year = {2020},
author = {Sam, AH and Millar, KR and Lupton, MGF},
title = {Digital Clinical Placement for Medical Students in Response to COVID-19.},
journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1126},
doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003431},
pmid = {32744817},
issn = {1938-808X},
}
@article {pmid32744816,
year = {2020},
author = {Ross, DA and , },
title = {Creating a &quot;Quarantine Curriculum&quot; to Enhance Teaching and Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},
volume = {95},
number = {8},
pages = {1125-1126},
doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003424},
pmid = {32744816},
issn = {1938-808X},
}
@article {pmid32744804,
year = {2020},
author = {Nelson, B and Kaminsky, DB},
title = {A COVID-19 crisis in US jails and prisons.},
journal = {Cancer cytopathology},
volume = {128},
number = {8},
pages = {513-514},
doi = {10.1002/cncy.22335},
pmid = {32744804},
issn = {1934-6638},
}
@article {pmid32744771,
year = {2020},
author = {Blumberg, E},
title = {Guidance for evaluating and testing patients for COVID-19.},
journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons},
volume = {20},
number = {5},
pages = {1457},
doi = {10.1111/ajt.15895},
pmid = {32744771},
issn = {1600-6143},
}
@article {pmid32744757,
year = {2020},
author = {Al-Taweel, D and Al-Haqan, A and Bajis, D and Al-Bader, J and Al-Taweel, AM and Al-Awadhi, A and Al-Awadhi, F},
title = {Multidisciplinary academic perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {The International journal of health planning and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3032},
pmid = {32744757},
issn = {1099-1751},
abstract = {To date, the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has infected more than 5 million people and caused around 350 000 deaths globally. In most countries, the world as we knew it came to a sudden stop and this led to the biggest shift of employees to remotely conduct their work. Academic institutions were extensively affected, as teaching and assessment activities were hampered, and graduation ceremonies were cancelled. In addition, there was an imminent disruption in academic and research activities including face-to-face conferences and conventions. Among many challenges, academics had to grapple to remain engaged professionally and socially with students and colleagues. Digital technology being an integral part of life has become essential for connectivity and communication. In this commentary, multidisciplinary academics from Kuwait and Saudi Arabia share perspectives and experiences in adapting to the COVID-19 reality. From healthcare sciences to engineering, and from business to education, this paper highlights the role academics play in combating professional and social challenges during COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744745,
year = {2020},
author = {Kisa, S and Kisa, A},
title = {Under-reporting of COVID-19 cases in Turkey.},
journal = {The International journal of health planning and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3031},
pmid = {32744745},
issn = {1099-1751},
abstract = {Having an accurate account of the number of national COVID-19 cases is essential for understanding the national and global burden of the disease and managing COVID-19 prevention and control efforts. There is also substantial under-reporting of COVID-19 cases and deaths in many countries. In this article, the COVID-19 under-reporting problem in Turkey is addressed, and examples and reasons for the under-reporting are discussed.},
}
@article {pmid32744737,
year = {2020},
author = {Salas-Vallina, A and Ferrer-Franco, A and Herrera, J},
title = {Fostering the healthcare workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: Shared leadership, social capital, and contagion among health professionals.},
journal = {The International journal of health planning and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3035},
pmid = {32744737},
issn = {1099-1751},
abstract = {Health professionals managing patients with COVID-19 disease are at high risk of contagion. All medical personnel involved in caring for patients need coordination, knowledge and trust. Empirical work on human resources has tended to focus on the effects of human resource practices on performance, whereas leadership and social interactions have been overlooked. Based upon interviews with medical staff working in specialised medical units, this study uses the social capital theory to examine relationships among shared leadership, social capital, and contagion rates. First, shared leadership was found to positively affect COVID-19 contagion among health professionals. Second, by sharing information and a common language, and showing high levels of trust, namely social capital, medical units seem to reduce contagion rates of COVID-19. In other words, shared leadership plays a fundamental role in improving performance in healthcare by means of social capital.},
}
@article {pmid32744719,
year = {2020},
author = {Aggarwal, G and Aggarwal, S and Robles, J and Depasquale, JR and Auseon, A},
title = {Medical education focus in published articles related to COVID-19.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7905-7907},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22297},
pmid = {32744719},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The ongoing pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected >2 million patients with approximately 900,000 cases in the United States alone. Medical education has possibly suffered during this time, due to disease mitigation strategies and stress on both students and teachers. We aimed to quantify the publications describing the impact of COVID-19 on medical education in the early stage of the pandemic.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: Abstract and titles related to COVID-19 listed in PubMed were reviewed for an educational focus. Articles with an educational focus were further evaluated for characteristics of content.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of a total of 3641 articles related to COVID-19, only 26 (0.7%) articles had an educational theme. Thirteen articles were pertaining to residency and fellowship education and twelve articles were focused on medical student education. Only one article referred to nursing education.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Publications pertaining to medical education during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are few. There is an urgent need for scholarship to understand the best processes and develop innovative methods that can help improve the educational experience of students and trainees during this extraordinary time.},
}
@article {pmid32744718,
year = {2020},
author = {Vella, F and Senia, P and Ceccarelli, M and Vitale, E and Maltezou, H and Taibi, R and Lleshi, A and Venanzi Rullo, E and Pellicanò, GF and Rapisarda, V and Nunnari, G and Ledda, C},
title = {Transmission mode associated with coronavirus disease 2019: a review.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7889-7904},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22296},
pmid = {32744718},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: In late December 2019 in Wuhan (China), Health Commission reported a cluster of pneumonia cases of unknown etiology, subsequently isolated and named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus 2 (CoV-2). In this review, the main transmission routes and causes of mortality associated with COVID-19 were investigated.<br><br>MATERIAL AND METHODS: A review was carried out to recognize relevant research available until 10 April 2020.<br><br>RESULTS: The main transmission routes of COVID-19 have been the following: animal to human and human-to-human pathways, namely: respiratory transmission; oro-fecal transmission; air, surface-human transmission. Transmission from asymptomatic persons, healthcare transmission, and interfamily transmission have been well documented.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 possesses powerful pathogenicity and transmissibility. It is presumed to spread primarily via respiratory droplets and close contact. The most probable transmission pathway is definitely the inter-human one. Asymptomatic patients seem to play a crucial role in spreading the infection. Because of COVID-19 infection pandemic potential, careful surveillance is essential to monitor its future host adaptation, viral evolution, infectivity, transmissibility, and pathogenicity in order to gain an effective vaccine and flock immunity and reduce mortality as soon and as much as it is possible.},
}
@article {pmid32744717,
year = {2020},
author = {Deng, W and Qi, D and Wang, DX},
title = {An emergency strategy for intensive care unit during COVID-19 outbreak in Chongqing, China.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7886-7888},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22294},
pmid = {32744717},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China, which has rapidly spread from China to at least 200 countries abroad. COVID-19 was issued a global outbreak and pandemic by the World Health Organization with more than 3 million confirmed cases by May 31, 2020. So far more than ten thousand severe and critically ill patients and hospital-related infection with COVID-19 have been reported with more than four thousand deaths in China. There is a great challenge for intensive care units (ICUs) in hospitals.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: The comment mainly focused on admission and discharge criteria, therapy protocol, prevention and control strategies for ICU during COVID-19 outbreak. The emergency strategy for ICU will be helpful for prevention and control of COVID-19 and treatment of critically ill patients with COVID-19.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Progress in the management of ICU is crucial for a decrease in the mortality of critically ill patients with COVID-19 with the clinical evidence and experience updated.},
}
@article {pmid32744716,
year = {2020},
author = {Rat, P and Olivier, E and Dutot, M},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 vs. SARS-CoV-1 management: antibiotics and inflammasome modulators potential.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7880-7885},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22293},
pmid = {32744716},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 at the origin of COVID-19 shares more than 70% genetic similarity with SARS-CoV-1 that was at the origin of 2003 SARS. Infection-associated symptoms are very similar between SARS and COVID-19 diseases and are the same as community-acquired pneumonia symptoms. Antibiotics were empirically given to SARS patients in the early stages of the pathology whereas a different strategy has been decided in the management of COVID-19 pandemic with a worldwide shutdown. The cytokine storm, both identified in SARS and COVID-19 severe cases, is generated through inflammasome activation, which opens therapeutic perspectives to counteract the pathogenic inflammation. As corticoids have numerous side effects that limit their use, focusing on anti-inflammasome agents could represent a safer alternative for patients with severe COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744715,
year = {2020},
author = {De Sio, S and Buomprisco, G and La Torre, G and Lapteva, E and Perri, R and Greco, E and Mucci, N and Cedrone, F},
title = {The impact of COVID-19 on doctors' well-being: results of a web survey during the lockdown in Italy.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7869-7879},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22292},
pmid = {32744715},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: On March 12, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak of a new Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), to be a pandemic. From the beginning, Italy (in particular the Northern regions) was the first large European country to be hit and one of the most affected countries worldwide. This had a significant impact on the workload and psychological health of health workers. The aim of this web-based cross-sectional study is to assess the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on Italian doctors' well-being and psychological distress, in respect of demographic and occupational characteristics, lifestyle and habits during the lockdown period.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a web-based cross-sectional survey based on Google® Forms to collect data. The participation was available during the lockdown period that started in Italy on March 9, 2020 and it was voluntary and anonymous. The questionnaire explored demographic and occupational variables, lifestyle and habits during the lockdown, perceived well-being and psychological distress. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted.<br><br>RESULTS: Our study reported the very alarming psychological conditions of Italian doctors, especially among those who worked in the most affected regions, where a level of psychological distress of 93.8% and poor well-being of 58.9% were registered. These percentages were even higher in the case of female hospital workers with low job seniority, and those caring for COVID-19 patients.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reported a significant psychosocial impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on Italian doctors, particularly among those working in the most affected regions of the country. Further studies are necessary to better understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on doctors' well-being and mental health over time, in order to implement effective prevention measures.},
}
@article {pmid32744714,
year = {2020},
author = {De Vito, A and Geremia, N and Fiore, V and Princic, E and Babudieri, S and Madeddu, G},
title = {Clinical features, laboratory findings and predictors of death in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Sardinia, Italy.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7861-7868},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22291},
pmid = {32744714},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Since December 2019, when the first SARS-CoV2 infections have been reported, the number of cases has increased exponentially. In our University Hospital Unit, the first patient with COVID-19 was admitted on the 8th of March 2020. We aimed to investigate the predictors of death among inpatients with COVID-19.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective, monocentric study, consecutively enrolling patients with SARS-CoV2 infection. Clinical, laboratory, and radiological data were collected from the 8th of March to the 8th of April 2020. We aimed to describe the most frequent clinical and laboratory features and predictors of death among patients admitted to our Unit.<br><br>RESULTS: 87 patients were enrolled, 56 (64.4%) were male, with a median age of 72 (IQR 62.5-83.5) years. The majority of our population had at least one comorbidity in their medical anamnesis. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease were the most frequent, followed by obesity. Eighty (92%) patients had at least one symptom, whereas 7 (8%) were asymptomatic. The most common symptoms were fever and dyspnoea. Overall, 53 patients had lung disease confirmed at CT scan (60.9%). Twenty-five (28.7%) deaths occurred. Statistically significant predictors of death at multivariate analysis were lymphocytes count <900 cells/mm3, moderate ARDS, and lack of compliance at baseline.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: This is the first Italian experience available. Our results seem to be in line with international literature. As highlighted by our data, more studies are needed to investigate the role of lymphocytes subsets, CT scan values. Furthermore, therapy choice and timing in this challenging setting should be urgently investigated in randomized clinical trials.},
}
@article {pmid32744713,
year = {2020},
author = {Li, X and Zhang, ZC and Zhang, PL},
title = {Severe COVID-19 patients with liver injury: a seven-case series.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7855-7860},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22290},
pmid = {32744713},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {We present the case details of seven patients diagnosed with severe novel coronavirus disease 2019 (2019-nCoV, hereafter COVID-19) with hepatic injury. Most of these patients were elderly and had hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, and other underlying health conditions prior to admission for COVID-19. Liver injury occurred in all seven cases during the course of the disease. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels initially increased (1.2-times to 2.0-times the normal value, respectively) in the second week. The liver function recovered in all patients within one week of conventional liver protection treatment. Elevated serum transaminase levels in these patients were due to the COVID-19 infection but could also be related to systemic immune response caused by cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) and hepatocyte damage caused by ischemia and hypoxia. COVID-19 is highly infectious and mainly affects the lungs. In some cases, especially in patients with severe disease type, COVID-19 may also cause liver injury. The liver function of patients with severe COVID-19 should be very carefully monitored, especially if the patients are elderly and have underlying comorbidities.},
}
@article {pmid32744712,
year = {2020},
author = {Marcasciano, M and Kaciulyte, J and Mori, FLR and Lo Torto, F and Barellini, L and Loreti, A and Fanelli, B and De Vita, R and Redi, U and Marcasciano, F and Di Cesare, F and Dal Prà, G and Conversi, A and Elia, L and Montemari, G and Vaia, N and Bernini, M and Sordi, S and Luridiana, G and D'Ermo, G and Monti, M and De Luca, A and Ricci, F and Mazzocchi, M and Gentilucci, M and Greco, M and Losco, L and Valdatta, LA and Raposio, E and Giudice, G and Maruccia, M and Di Benedetto, G and Cigna, E and Casella, D and Ribuffo, D},
title = {Breast surgeons updating on the thresholds of COVID-19 era: results of a multicenter collaborative study evaluating the role of online videos and multimedia sources on breast surgeons education and training.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7845-7854},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22289},
pmid = {32744712},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Current trends show a rise of attention given to breast cancer patients' quality of life and the surgical reconstructive result. Along with this trend, surgical training quality and efficacy are gaining importance and innovative training methods such as online videos shared on social media portals, are becoming main updating tools. In hazardous times like COVID-19 pandemic nowadays, online communication becomes of vital importance and adaptation and innovation are fundamental to keep research and education alive. The authors aimed to investigate the role of video and multimedia sources on the daily activity and surgical training of a representative group of surgeons specifically dedicated to oncologic, oncoplastic and reconstructive breast surgeries.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was produced and administered to 20 major Italian Breast Centers. Collected data were analyzed with Fisher's Exact Test.<br><br>RESULTS: From October 2019 to March 2020, a total of 320 surveys were collected. Among the responders, there were 188 trainees (intern medical doctors and residents) and 110 faculty, 72% of them belonged to a plastic surgery environment, while 28% to general surgery environment. Almost all respondents have ever watched videos concerning breast surgery.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study show how breast surgeons rely on videos and web platforms, mostly YouTube, when searching for training info about surgical procedures. Social media offer great opportunities for sharing knowledge and diffusion of new ideas but greater attention to their reliability is mandatory.},
}
@article {pmid32744711,
year = {2020},
author = {Ranjbar, A and Jamshidi, M and Torabi, S},
title = {Molecular modelling of the antiviral action of Resveratrol derivatives against the activity of two novel SARS CoV-2 and 2019-nCoV receptors.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7834-7844},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22288},
pmid = {32744711},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {The pandemic threat of COVID-19 causes serious concern for people and world organizations. The effect of Coronavirus disease on the lifestyle and economic status of humans is undeniable, and all of the researchers (biologists, pharmacists, physicians, and chemists) can help decrease its destructive effects. The molecular docking approach can provide a fast prediction of the positive influence the targets on the COVID-19 outbreak. In this work, we choose resveratrol (RV) derivatives (22 cases) and two newly released coordinate structures for COVID-19 as receptors [Papain-like Protease of SARS CoV-2 (PBD ID: 6W9C) and 2019-nCoV RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase (PBD ID: 6M71)]. The results show that conformational isomerism is significant and useful parameter for docking results. A wide spectrum of interactions such as Van der Waals, conventional hydrogen bond, Pi-donor hydrogen bond, Pi-Cation, Pi-sigma, Pi-Pi stacked, Amide-Pi stacked and Pi-Alkyl is detected via docking of RV derivatives and COVID-19 receptors. The potential inhibition effect of RV-13 (-184.99 kj/mol), and RV-12 (-173.76 kj/mol) is achieved at maximum value for 6W9C and 6M71, respectively.},
}
@article {pmid32744710,
year = {2020},
author = {Liu, WR and Zuo, GJ and Qin, Y},
title = {Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 2019-nCoV-infected patients admitted at different time periods.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7826-7833},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22287},
pmid = {32744710},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The outbreak of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) is seriously threatening the health of people all over China and the world. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted at different time periods.<br><br>PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 132 discharged cases and 10 deaths of laboratory or clinically confirmed cases were retrospectively collected from The First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, Hubei. All cases were divided into two groups according to different admission times (group 1 from 2020-1-23 to 2020-2-3 and group 2 from 2020-2-4 to 2020-2-15). Individual data, clinical data, laboratory indices and prognosis were collected for the two groups, and statistical analysis was performed using the t-test or chi-square test to assess differences between the groups.<br><br>RESULTS: Among the 142 cases, there were 67 in the first group and 75 in the second group. According to the individual data and clinical manifestations of the two groups, the hospital stay in the first group was significantly longer than that of the second group (26 [9-39] compared with 20 [6-30], p=0.000). There were more clinical symptoms upon admission in group 1 than in group 2; although 66.2% of all patients had fever, the proportion of patients with fever on admission in the first group was significantly higher than that in the second group (79.1% compared with 54.7%, p=0.002). The proportion of patients with chills in the first group was higher than that in the second group (16.4% compared with 5.3%, p=0.032), and the proportion of patients with dyspnea was also higher than that in the second group (17.9% compared with 4%, p=0.007). Four of the 67 patients in the first group had symptoms of ocular discomfort, but none in the second group had this symptom (6.0% compared with 0, p=0.032). Based on laboratory examination, the inflammatory index of patients in the first group was higher than that in the second group, and the proportion of patients with a C-reactive protein (CRP) increase was also significantly higher (60% compared with 38.7%, p=0.020). The main difference in routine blood tests involved white blood cell and lymphocyte counts and the lymphocyte percentage. The proportion of patients with reduced white blood cell counts in the first group was higher than that in the second group (23.9% compared with 10.7% p=0.036). Moreover, more patients in the first group had a reduced lymphocyte count and percentage (71.6% compared with 30.7% p=0.000; 49.3% compared with 29.7% p=0.015, respectively), and the former was significantly lower than that in the second group (0.94 [0.24-2.42] compared with 1.365 [0.22-3.62], p=0.000). Regarding prognosis, the proportion of severe cases and mortality in the first group were slightly higher than in the second group (p>0.05).<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations, blood changes and outcomes differed in patients admitted at different time periods. In the second group of patients, clinical symptoms were less common than in the first group, routine blood changes and inflammatory indices were milder, and the clinical prognosis was better.},
}
@article {pmid32744709,
year = {2020},
author = {Abbasi Pashaki, P and Habibi Roudkenar, M and Rahim, F and Ebrahimi, A},
title = {From SARS-CoV to SARS-CoV2: a potential guide to better understanding of pathophysiology of the disease and potential therapeutic modality.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7816-7825},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22286},
pmid = {32744709},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {Currently, the outbreak and spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), are increasing worldwide. Furthermore, it has been considered as a major challenge, which threatens human beings and affects all aspects of their life. Understanding the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of the disease is currently under the focus of investigations. Accordingly, this turns the human scientific community attention to find a solution for addressing the challenge. The development of vaccines and efficient therapeutic modality is critical. So, both primary and clinical scientists are not only trying to decipher the structure of SARS-CoV-2, but also attempting to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms that cause tissues and cell injuries. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV2 are highly homologous and share a highly similar function and behavior patterns. Therefore, this might guide us toward decoding the molecular mechanisms that are behind the SARS-CoV2 pathologic effects. It is noteworthy to mention that, the undesired host immune reactions play important roles in the pathophysiology of the disease, and it also seems that, renin-angiotensin signaling (RAS) is a key contributor in this regard. In this review, we provided a vision, highlight as well as discussing on potential therapeutic targets that might be considered to address the COVID-19 challenge.},
}
@article {pmid32744708,
year = {2020},
author = {Yoon, SH and Kang, JM and Ahn, JG},
title = {Clinical outcomes of 201 neonates born to mothers with COVID-19: a systematic review.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7804-7815},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22285},
pmid = {32744708},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical manifestations and outcomes of neonates born to women who had Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) during pregnancy.<br><br>MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Embase till April 15, 2020, by combining the terms (COVID-19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, Novel Coronavirus, 2019-nCov, Wuhan pneumonia) and (pregnancy, pregnant women, mother, fetus, neonate, newborn, infant).<br><br>RESULTS: We included 16 case series and 12 case reports describing a total of 223 pregnant women and 201 infants. Four newborns born to mothers affected by COVID-19 were reported to have laboratory-confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection within 48 hours after birth. However, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction tests of the breast milk, placenta, amniotic fluids, and cord blood and maternal vaginal secretions were all negative for SARS-CoV-2 in the reported cases. Fetal death was reported in two cases, and 48 of 185 newborns (25.9%) were born prematurely. Infants born small for gestational age and low birth weight (< 2,500 g) accounted for 8.3% and 15.6% of reported cases, respectively. Birth asphyxia and respiratory distress syndrome were observed in 1.8% and 6.4% of neonates, respectively. There was one neonatal death due to intractable gastric bleeding among the SARS-CoV-2-negative infants.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that COVID-19 during pregnancy rarely affects fetal and neonatal mortality, but can be associated with adverse neonatal morbidities. Vertical transmission has not been observed in the majority of the reported cases. The infants born to mothers with COVID-19 are carefully monitored for accompanying complication, and quarantine of infected mothers is warranted.},
}
@article {pmid32744707,
year = {2020},
author = {Vazquez Martínez, JL and Pérez-Caballero Macarrón, C and Coca Pérez, A and Tapia Moreno, R and Otheo de Tejada, E},
title = {Short report - Usefulness of point-of-care ultrasound in pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7801-7803},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22284},
pmid = {32744707},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is uncommon compared to adult population. However, some children required hospital and/or PICU admission. The aim of this short communication is to share our experience with Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) when managing these patients. Remarkably, all cases presented pleural and pericardial effusions, detected by POCUS, despite showing an adequate urinary output and prior to receiving any kind of fluid resuscitation. Effusions have been described as rare among SARS-CoV-2 infection in adult population. By performing portable chest X-Ray they would have gone unnoticed in our patients. Other POCUS findings consisted of all types of consolidations and coalescent B-line patterns. POCUS was also performed in order to optimize PEEP, checking adequate endotracheal intubation positioning (avoiding the risk of contagiousness related to auscultation in this framework), and to assess volemia status, cardiac performance, and brain neuro-monitoring. There was not cross-infection. In pediatric SARS-CoV-19 effusions are frequent but easily unnoticed unless lung and echo POCUS are performed.},
}
@article {pmid32744706,
year = {2020},
author = {Yu, RZ and Li, YQ and Peng, CZ and Ye, RZ and He, Q},
title = {Role of 5G-powered remote robotic ultrasound during the COVID-19 outbreak: insights from two cases.},
journal = {European review for medical and pharmacological sciences},
volume = {24},
number = {14},
pages = {7796-7800},
doi = {10.26355/eurrev_202007_22283},
pmid = {32744706},
issn = {2284-0729},
abstract = {The 2019 Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) broke out in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and spread throughout the world. Early screening and early diagnosis play key roles in prevention and management of the epidemic. Attention should also be paid to the infection of health workers and shortage of medical resources in high-risk areas. Here, we report two cases of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and evaluated by robotic ultrasound based on 5G-powered technology 700 km east of Wuhan. We here show the advantages of this kind of remote ultrasound scan, which could become a method for the diagnosis and assessment of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744640,
year = {2020},
author = {Schutz, V and Shattell, M},
title = {Impact of COVID-19: What Does It Mean For Nurses and Health Systems?.},
journal = {Journal of psychosocial nursing and mental health services},
volume = {58},
number = {8},
pages = {2-3},
doi = {10.3928/02793695-20200707-01},
pmid = {32744640},
issn = {0279-3695},
}
@article {pmid32744638,
year = {2020},
author = {Alteri, A and Pisaturo, V and Somigliana, E and Vigano, P},
title = {Cryopreservation in reproductive medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: rethinking policies and European safety regulations.},
journal = {Human reproduction (Oxford, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/humrep/deaa210},
pmid = {32744638},
issn = {1460-2350},
abstract = {Cryopreservation of reproductive cells and tissues represents an essential aspect of ART practices that might be particularly strategic and helpful during SARS-CoV-2 emergency. However, recommendations on how and when to preserve reproductive tissues and cells during a novel severe pandemic are scanty. This paper uses a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis to identify favorable and unfavorable factors and to recognize challenges and obstacles related to the use of cryopreservation procedures during the spreading of a new virus. One of the strengths associated with the cryopreservation is represented by the availability of robust European guidelines on storage safety to prevent sample contamination or cross-contamination by pathogens. These recommendations should be deep-rooted in all ART laboratories. Weaknesses include uncertainties regarding the management of COVID-19 affected asymptomatic patients, the suboptimal accuracy of diagnostic tests for the disease, the nebulous prospective regarding the duration of the pandemic and the additional costs. The application of the strategy represents an opportunity to postpone pregnancy in order to avoid a severe infectious disease during gestation while concomitantly counteracting the possible detrimental effect of time. Critical threats, at present still undefined, are represented by potential adverse events for the mother and offspring due to infected gametes or embryos after thawing and, subsequently, the re-spreading of the virus.},
}
@article {pmid32744622,
year = {2020},
author = {Liou, TG and Adler, FR and Hatton, ND},
title = {The Uncertain Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2438},
pmid = {32744622},
issn = {2168-6114},
}
@article {pmid32744615,
year = {2020},
author = {Imbert, E and Kinley, PM and Scarborough, A and Cawley, C and Sankaran, M and Cox, SN and Kushel, M and Stoltey, J and Cohen, S and Fuchs, JD and , },
title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in a San Francisco Homeless Shelter.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa1071},
pmid = {32744615},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {We report the public health response to a COVID-19 outbreak in a San Francisco shelter where 67% of residents and 17% of staff tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. We describe the limited utility of case investigation, person-based contact tracing and symptom screening, and the benefits of mass testing in outbreak response.},
}
@article {pmid32744612,
year = {2020},
author = {Jeffery, MM and D'Onofrio, G and Paek, H and Platts-Mills, TF and Soares, WE and Hoppe, JA and Genes, N and Nath, B and Melnick, ER},
title = {Trends in Emergency Department Visits and Hospital Admissions in Health Care Systems in 5 States in the First Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3288},
pmid = {32744612},
issn = {2168-6114},
abstract = {Importance: As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread throughout the US in the early months of 2020, acute care delivery changed to accommodate an influx of patients with a highly contagious infection about which little was known.<br><br>Objective: To examine trends in emergency department (ED) visits and visits that led to hospitalizations covering a 4-month period leading up to and during the COVID-19 outbreak in the US.<br><br>This retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study of 24 EDs in 5 large health care systems in Colorado (n = 4), Connecticut (n = 5), Massachusetts (n = 5), New York (n = 5), and North Carolina (n = 5) examined daily ED visit and hospital admission rates from January 1 to April 30, 2020, in relation to national and the 5 states' COVID-19 case counts.<br><br>Exposures: Time (day) as a continuous variable.<br><br>Main Outcomes and Measures: Daily counts of ED visits, hospital admissions, and COVID-19 cases.<br><br>Results: A total of 24 EDs were studied. The annual ED volume before the COVID-19 pandemic ranged from 13 000 to 115 000 visits per year; the decrease in ED visits ranged from 41.5% in Colorado to 63.5% in New York. The weeks with the most rapid rates of decrease in visits were in March 2020, which corresponded with national public health messaging about COVID-19. Hospital admission rates from the ED were stable until new COVID-19 case rates began to increase locally; the largest relative increase in admission rates was 149.0% in New York, followed by 51.7% in Massachusetts, 36.2% in Connecticut, 29.4% in Colorado, and 22.0% in North Carolina.<br><br>Conclusions and Relevance: From January through April 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic intensified in the US, temporal associations were observed with a decrease in ED visits and an increase in hospital admission rates in 5 health care systems in 5 states. These findings suggest that practitioners and public health officials should emphasize the importance of visiting the ED during the COVID-19 pandemic for serious symptoms, illnesses, and injuries that cannot be managed in other settings.},
}
@article {pmid32744600,
year = {2020},
author = {Song, Y and Wu, C and Chen, X},
title = {The Uncertain Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of COVID-19-Reply.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2435},
pmid = {32744600},
issn = {2168-6114},
}
@article {pmid32744593,
year = {2020},
author = {Lam, K and Lu, AD and Shi, Y and Covinsky, KE},
title = {Assessing Telemedicine Unreadiness Among Older Adults in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2671},
pmid = {32744593},
issn = {2168-6114},
}
@article {pmid32744592,
year = {2020},
author = {Guharoy, R and Krenzelok, E},
title = {Searching for COVID-19 treatments: First, do no harm.},
journal = {American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajhp/zxaa257},
pmid = {32744592},
issn = {1535-2900},
}
@article {pmid32744591,
year = {2020},
author = {Ellsworth, GB and Glesby, MJ and Gulick, RM},
title = {The Uncertain Role of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of COVID-19.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2444},
pmid = {32744591},
issn = {2168-6114},
}
@article {pmid32744590,
year = {2020},
author = {Montagna, MT and Diella, G and De Giglio, O and Triggiano, F and Carlucci, M and Carpagnano, FL and Caggiano, G},
title = {Can beaches and bathing environments represent a risk of spreading COVID-19?.},
journal = {Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {593-596},
doi = {10.7416/ai.2020.2379},
pmid = {32744590},
issn = {1120-9135},
}
@article {pmid32744589,
year = {2020},
author = {Baldacci, S and Giannico, OV and Giorgino, A and Buccoliero, GB and Desiante, F and Fragnelli, GR and Rizzi, R and Loconsole, D and Centrone, F and Chironna, M and Conversano, M},
title = {63 days detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from a recovered patient in Southern Italy: A Case Report.},
journal = {Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {590-592},
doi = {10.7416/ai.2020.2378},
pmid = {32744589},
issn = {1120-9135},
}
@article {pmid32744582,
year = {2020},
author = {Santarsiero, A and Ciambelli, P and Donsì, G and Quadrini, F and Briancesco, R and D'Alessandro, D and Fara, GM},
title = {Face masks. Technical, technological and functional characteristics and hygienic-sanitary aspects related to the use of filtering mask in the community.},
journal = {Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {472-520},
doi = {10.7416/ai.2020.2371},
pmid = {32744582},
issn = {1120-9135},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The health emergency caused by the spread of SARS-COV-2 virus has required the adoption of passive measures against contagion, such as social distancing. The use of filtering masks, of the different types available on the market, such as surgical and facial filtering masks (FFP1, FFP2 and FFP3), is also recommended.<br><br>OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper, within the Italian and European regulatory reference framework, is to suggest a rational application of existing methodologies that enable to know and assess the features and/or make a face mask intended to be used by the community. In addition to this, the study aims to provide a correct regulatory framework and useful information for a correct use and disposal of face masks. Another purpose is the assessment of the hygienic, sanitary and regulatory aspects related to the use and disposal of face masks.<br><br>METHODS: The analysis of filtering masks is based on the review of scientific literature, the state of art of technology and the filtering means/materials available. Reference is made to filtering mechanisms and devices, the testing methods, the technical, manufacturing and performance features, and to the Italian and European regulatory reference framework. Reference is also made to the hygienic, sanitary and regulatory aspects related to the use and disposal of face masks.<br><br>RESULTS: Surgical masks or, alternatively, filtering masks with a filtration efficiency between 90% and 95% for 3-µm particles, are the most practicable choice with minor contraindications. The reusable type of mask is conceptually superior compared to single-use masks, but cleaning procedures to be followed are quite complex and not always described in a clear way.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: The definition of rigorous and repeatable tests on mask filtration capacity, breathability, wearability, duration of use, regeneration, as well as safe disposal methods, are the main way to provide users with correct selection and use criteria. The results must be disclosed and disseminated quickly.},
}
@article {pmid32744565,
year = {2020},
author = {Flatharta, TÓ and Mulkerrin, EC},
title = {Back to Basics: Giant Challenges to Addressing Isaac's &quot;Geriatric Giants&quot; Post COVID-19 Crisis.},
journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {705-707},
doi = {10.1007/s12603-020-1425-1},
pmid = {32744565},
issn = {1760-4788},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, being the greatest challenge to our healthcare system for over a century, has its greatest impact on older patients. This subgroup has higher morbidity and mortality than younger age groups. Superimposed on this, the major preventative intervention resulting in social isolation has negative consequences. Prof. Bernard Isaacs described the &quot;Geriatric Giant Symptoms&quot; in 1965 and encouraged the development of interventions for immobility, instability, incontinence and impaired intellect/memory with careful management of these symptoms resulting in better outcomes for older patients including reduced admissions to Nursing Homes and mortality. The author's explore the impact of the current pandemic and, most particularly its aftermath on the provision of such interventions. In the context of a major economic crisis, resources for highly effective interventions such as joint replacement surgery, urological interventions, cataract surgery will be all be limited after this crisis. Moreover delayed access to day patient services with suboptimal access to assessments for conditions such as cognitive decline and falls as well as social care will likewise militate against addressing the &quot;Geriatric Giant Symptoms&quot;. Thus the &quot;Founding Fathers&quot; of Geriatric Medicine including Prof Isaacs would be justifiably concerned regarding our ability to deliver interventions to address the &quot;Geriatric Giant Symptoms&quot;. Current leaders in geriatric medicine, healthcare workers, funders and providers as well as advocacy groups must redouble their efforts to ensure gains made in management of older patients over 2 generations are not lost in the aftermath of this pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32744564,
year = {2020},
author = {Bahat, G},
title = {Covid-19 and the Renin Angiotensin System: Implications for the Older Adults.},
journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {699-704},
doi = {10.1007/s12603-020-1403-7},
pmid = {32744564},
issn = {1760-4788},
}
@article {pmid32744563,
year = {2020},
author = {Azzolino, D and Saporiti, E and Proietti, M and Cesari, M},
title = {Nutritional Considerations in Frail Older Patients with COVID-19.},
journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {696-698},
doi = {10.1007/s12603-020-1400-x},
pmid = {32744563},
issn = {1760-4788},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic is posing an unprecedented challenge to healthcare systems worldwide. Older adults, which frequently present multiple chronic comorbidities, are more susceptible to COVID-19 and experience more likely negative outcomes, in terms of disease severity and mortality. However, chronological age per se may not entirely explain the dramatic scenario described among the frailest and oldest persons. Comorbidities and functional status may indeed play a relevant role. Patients at high risk of adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19 infection are the same at risk of malnutrition, namely older adults and multimorbid individuals. In fact, COVID-19 can negatively impact on nutritional status, both in patients admitted to the hospital with the most severe manifestations of the infection, as well as in those who experience milder/asymptomatic forms of the disease. Despite being quite difficult in these emergency circumstances, nutritional status needs to be assessed in all COVID-19 patients upon admission and during hospital stay. Early nutritional support should be guaranteed in order to improve several malnutrition-related adverse outcomes. The evaluation of the nutritional status is today even more crucial than in normal times given the delicate status of older patients with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744562,
year = {2020},
author = {Nestola, T and Orlandini, L and Beard, JR and Cesari, M},
title = {COVID-19 and Intrinsic Capacity.},
journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {692-695},
doi = {10.1007/s12603-020-1397-1},
pmid = {32744562},
issn = {1760-4788},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 infection is particularly associated with negative outcomes (i.e., serious disease, death) in frail older people, independently of where they live. Furthermore, the period of pandemic (with its lockdowns, social distancing, fragmentation of care…) has significantly changed the environment in which older people live. It is likely that, when the pandemic will be over, an acceleration of the aging process will be observed for many persons, independently of whether they have been infected or not by the SARS-CoV-2. The World report on ageing and health, published by the World Health Organization, proposes the concept of intrinsic capacity (i.e., the composite of all the physical and mental capacities of the individual) as central for healthy ageing. The routine assessment of biological age through constructs such as intrinsic capacity might have allowed a better understanding of the functional trajectories and vulnerabilities of the individual, even during a catastrophic event as the one we are currently living. In the present article, we describe how COVID-19 has affected the persons' intrinsic capacity, and how the wide adoption of the intrinsic capacity model may support the modernization of our systems and bring them closer to the individual.},
}
@article {pmid32744561,
year = {2020},
author = {Vellas, C and Delobel, P and de Souto Barreto, P and Izopet, J},
title = {COVID-19, Virology and Geroscience: A Perspective.},
journal = {The journal of nutrition, health &amp; aging},
volume = {24},
number = {7},
pages = {685-691},
doi = {10.1007/s12603-020-1416-2},
pmid = {32744561},
issn = {1760-4788},
abstract = {A new coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2, was identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. The SARS-CoV-2 spread very rapidly, causing a global pandemic, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Older adults have higher peak of viral load and, especially those with comorbidities, had higher COVID-19-related fatality rates than younger adults. In this Perspective paper, we summarize current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 and aging, in order to understand why older people are more affected by COVID-19. We discuss about the possibility that the so-called &quot;immunosenescence&quot; and &quot;inflammaging&quot; processes, already present in a fraction of frail older adults, could allow the immune escape of SARS-CoV-2 leading to COVID-19 serious complications. Finally, we propose to use geroscience approaches to the field of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744511,
year = {2020},
author = {Jarvis, MA and Hansen, FA and Rosenke, K and Haddock, E and Rollinson, C and Rule, S and Sewell, G and Hughes, A and Feldmann, H},
title = {Evaluation of drugs for potential repurposing against COVID-19 using a tier-based scoring system.},
journal = {Antiviral therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3851/IMP3368},
pmid = {32744511},
issn = {2040-2058},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: As the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic grows daily, we remain with no prophylactic and only minimal therapeutic interventions to prevent or ameliorate severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Prior to SARS-CoV-2 emergence, high throughput screens utilizing clinically developed drugs identified compounds with in vitro inhibitory effect on human coronaviruses that may have potential for repurposing as treatment options for COVID-19. However, caution should be applied to repurposing of these drugs when they are taken out of context of human pharmacokinetic parameters associated with normal therapeutic use.<br><br>METHODS: Our aim was to provide a tier-based scoring system to interrogate this data set and match each drug with its human pharmacokinetic criteria, such as route of administration, therapeutic plasma levels and half-life, tissue distribution, and safety.<br><br>RESULTS: Our analysis excluded most previously identified drugs but identified members of 4 drug classes (antimalarial amino-quinolones, selective estrogen receptor modulators; SERMs, low potency tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants) as potential drug candidates for COVID-19. Two of them, the tricyclic antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants were further excluded based on a high adverse event profile.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our findings using a new pharmacokinetic-based scoring system supports efficacy testing of only a minority of candidates against SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32744477,
year = {2020},
author = {Park, J},
title = {Unraveling the Invisible but Harmful Impact of COVID-19 on Deaf Older Adults and Older Adults with Hearing Loss.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological social work},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1080/01634372.2020.1799282},
pmid = {32744477},
issn = {1540-4048},
abstract = {The invisible but deleterious impact of COVID-19 on health increases previously accumulated health disparities among older adults. Compared to hearing older adults, deaf older adults and older adults with hearing loss may be at higher risk for adverse COVID-related outcomes. This may be largely due to the intersection of low health literacy and knowledge about COVID-19, lack of access to public information regarding COVID-19, higher prevalence of chronic diseases, unintended negative consequences of using masks, and inaccessible health-care services (including COVID-19 testing). Therefore, social workers should develop and implement efficacious interventions aimed at reducing adverse COVID-19 outcomes in Deaf older adults and older adults with hearing loss.},
}
@article {pmid32744474,
year = {2020},
author = {Calvo, R},
title = {Older Latinx Immigrants and Covid-19: A Call to Action.},
journal = {Journal of gerontological social work},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-3},
doi = {10.1080/01634372.2020.1800884},
pmid = {32744474},
issn = {1540-4048},
}
@article {pmid32744465,
year = {2020},
author = {Kumar, V},
title = {Emerging Human Coronavirus Infections (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19): Where They Are Leading Us.},
journal = {International reviews of immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-49},
doi = {10.1080/08830185.2020.1800688},
pmid = {32744465},
issn = {1563-5244},
abstract = {Coronavirus infections are responsible for mild, moderate, and severe infections in birds and mammals. These were first isolated in humans as causal microorganisms responsible for common cold. The 2002-2003 SARS epidemic caused by SARS-CoV and 2012 MERS epidemic (64 countries affected) caused by MERS-CoV showed their acute and fatal side. These two CoV infections killed thousands of patients infected worldwide. However, WHO has still reported the MERS case in December 2019 in middle-eastern country (Saudi Arabia), indicating the MERS epidemic has not ended completely yet. Although we have not yet understood completely these two CoV epidemics, a third most dangerous and severe CoV infection has been originated in the Wuhan city, Hubei district of China in December 2019. This CoV infection called COVID-19 or SARS-CoV2 infection has now spread to 210 countries and territories around the world. COVID-19 has now been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). It has infected more than 16.69 million people with more than 663,540 deaths across the world. Thus the current manuscript aims to describe all three (SARS, MERS, and COVID-19) in terms of their causal organisms (SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV2), similarities and differences in their clinical symptoms, outcomes, immunology, and immunopathogenesis, and possible future therapeutic approaches.},
}
@article {pmid32744456,
year = {2020},
author = {Milner, A and Siner, JM and Balcezak, T and Fajardo, E},
title = {Ventilator Sharing using Volume-Controlled Ventilation During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1164/rccm.202006-2452LE},
pmid = {32744456},
issn = {1535-4970},
}
@article {pmid32744454,
year = {2020},
author = {Chase, JG and Chiew, YS and Lambermont, B and Morimont, P and Shaw, GM and Desaive, T},
title = {In-parallel Ventilator Sharing During an Acute Shortage: Too Much Risk for a Wider Uptake.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1164/rccm.202006-2420LE},
pmid = {32744454},
issn = {1535-4970},
}
@article {pmid32744446,
year = {2020},
author = {Boeris, D and Falco, J and Potenza, A and Colistra, D and Bagnoli, E and Cenzato, M},
title = {Workflow management for COVID-19 patients needing an urgent neurosurgical procedure.},
journal = {Journal of neurosurgical sciences},
volume = {64},
number = {4},
pages = {407-409},
doi = {10.23736/S0390-5616.20.04962-0},
pmid = {32744446},
issn = {1827-1855},
}
@article {pmid32744445,
year = {2020},
author = {Ludovichetti, FS and Signoriello, AG and Stellini, E and Mazzoleni, S},
title = {COVID-19, rules of conduct for dental care in children during pandemic.},
journal = {Minerva stomatologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23736/S0026-4970.20.04419-2},
pmid = {32744445},
issn = {1827-174X},
}
@article {pmid32744436,
year = {2020},
author = {He, Q and Mok, TN and Yun, L and He, C and Li, J and Pan, J},
title = {Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney reveals the presence of ACE2 receptor: A potential pathway of COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e1442},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.1442},
pmid = {32744436},
issn = {2324-9269},
support = {702023//Chair Professor Foundation of the First Affiliated Hospital of JinanUniversity/ ; 2019A1515110543//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project/ ; 11620306//Fundamental Research Business Expenses of Central Universities/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus called SARS-Cov-2, which shared 82% similarity of genome sequence with SARS-CoV, was found in Wuhan in late December of 2019, causing an epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus-induced pneumonia with dramatically increasing number of cases. Several organs are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported in parts of case-studies reporting characteristics of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed at analyzing the potential route of SARS-Cov-2 entry and mechanism at cellular level.<br><br>METHOD: Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was used to obtain evidence of potential route and ACE2 expressing cell in renal system for underlying pathogenesis of kidney injury caused by COVID-19. The whole process was performed under R with Seurat packages. Canonical marker genes were used to annotate different types of cells.<br><br>RESULTS: Ten different clusters were identified and ACE2 was mainly expressed in proximal tubule and glomerular parietal epithelial cells. From Gene Ontology (GO) &amp; KEGG enrichment analysis, imbalance of ACE2 expression, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and neutrophil-related processes were the main issue of COVID-19 leading kidney injury.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Our study provided the cellular evidence that SARS-Cov-2 invaded human kidney tissue via proximal convoluted tubule, proximal tubule, proximal straight tubule cells, and glomerular parietal cells by means of ACE2-related pathway and used their cellular protease TMPRSS2 for priming.},
}
@article {pmid32744399,
year = {2020},
author = {Eimer, J and Vesterbacka, J and Svensson, AK and Stojanovic, B and Wagrell, C and Sönnerborg, A and Nowak, P},
title = {Tocilizumab shortens time on mechanical ventilation and length of hospital stay in patients with severe COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.},
journal = {Journal of internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/joim.13162},
pmid = {32744399},
issn = {1365-2796},
abstract = {among patients with COVID-19 who require treatment in intensive care for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), mortality rates have been reported between 16 - 78% (1). In patients who are discharged alive, an increased risk of sequelae from COVID-19 is anticipated (2). The hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS-CoV-2 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and is accompanied by an upregulated expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) that correlates with disease severity (3). Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against the IL-6 receptor originally licensed for the use in rheumatoid arthritis, is also approved for treatment of chimeric antigen receptor T cell-related cytokine release syndromes and secondary hemophagocytic syndromes that share important features with the hyperinflammatory phase in COVID-19. Several small studies from China and Europe have reported promising results of the treatment with tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19, preventing the need for admission to an intensive care unit and improving clinical outcomes (4,5). We aimed to evaluate the impact of treatment with tocilizumab compared to routine care on important clinical outcomes in critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit with ARDS due to COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32744339,
year = {2020},
author = {Hathaway, ED},
title = {American Indian and Alaska Native People: Social Vulnerability and COVID-19.},
journal = {The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jrh.12505},
pmid = {32744339},
issn = {1748-0361},
}
@article {pmid32744324,
year = {2020},
author = {Ruiz, JM and Revenson, TA},
title = {Behavioral Medicine in the COVID-19 Era: Dawn of the Golden Age.},
journal = {Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/abm/kaaa057},
pmid = {32744324},
issn = {1532-4796},
}
@article {pmid32744305,
year = {2020},
author = {Mekaoui, N and Razine, R and Bassat, Q and Benjelloun, BS and Karboubi, L},
title = {The Effect of COVID-19 on Paediatric Emergencies and Admissions in Morocco: Cannot See the Forest for the Trees?.},
journal = {Journal of tropical pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/tropej/fmaa046},
pmid = {32744305},
issn = {1465-3664},
}
@article {pmid32744242,
year = {2020},
author = {Raghavan, D and Tan, AR and Story, ES and Burgess, EF and Musselwhite, L and Kim, ES and Clark, PE},
title = {Management changes for patients with endocrine-related cancers in the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Endocrine-related cancer},
volume = {27},
number = {9},
pages = {R357-R374},
doi = {10.1530/ERC-20-0229},
pmid = {32744242},
issn = {1479-6821},
abstract = {Substantial management changes in endocrine-related malignancies have been required as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including a draconian reduction in the screening of asymptomatic subjects, delay in planned surgery and radiotherapy for primary tumors deemed to be indolent, and dose reductions and/or delays in initiation of some systemic therapies. An added key factor has been a patient-initiated delay in the presentation because of the fear of viral infection. Patterns of clinical consultation have changed, including a greater level of virtual visits, physical spacing, masking, staffing changes to ensure a COVID-free population and significant changes in patterns of family involvement. While this has occurred to improve safety from COVID-19 infection, the implications for cancer outcomes have not yet been defined. Based on prior epidemics and financial recessions, it is likely that delayed presentation and treatment of high-grade malignancy will be associated with worse cancer outcomes. Cancer patients are also at increased risk from COVID-19 infection compared to the general population. Pandemic management strategies for patients with tumors of breast, prostate, thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal gland are reviewed.},
}
@article {pmid32744241,
year = {2020},
author = {Foti, R and Amato, G and Elisa, V},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in a psoriatic arthritis patient treated with IL-17 inhibitor.},
journal = {Medical hypotheses},
volume = {144},
number = {},
pages = {110040},
doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110040},
pmid = {32744241},
issn = {1532-2777},
}
@article {pmid32744214,
year = {2020},
author = {Ip, EC},
title = {The constitutional economics of the World Health Organization.},
journal = {Health economics, policy, and law},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1017/S1744133120000249},
pmid = {32744214},
issn = {1744-134X},
abstract = {This paper brings a constitutional economics perspective to bear on the World Health Organization (WHO), the flagship United Nations intergovernmental health organisation, which is obligated by its Constitution to achieve 'the highest possible level of health' for the world's peoples. The WHO has in the seven decades of its existence used its formidable legislative powers only sparingly. It has been widely chided for being weak in regional coordination and unresponsive to transnational emergencies like the West African Ebola outbreak of 2014-2016. In 2020, it found itself at the centre of the COVID-19 pandemic and in the middle of the Sino-American geopolitical tug-of-war. This paper traces the discordance between the Constitution's stated purposes and the actual track record of the WHO not back to its organisational culture nor to weak leadership but to the design of the Constitution itself. It analytically distinguishes the Constitution's expressive from its instrumental halves, and shows that, whilst the former embodies a 'constitutional moment' of international health solidarity right after the Second World War, the latter embodies a reserved and limited delegation from member-states that are jealous of their sovereignty.},
}
@article {pmid32744204,
year = {2020},
author = {Segal, NL},
title = {COVID-19: Twin Research in Progress/Twin Research Reviews: Asthmatic and Nonasthmatic Twins; Stanford University Study of Anal Prints; Twin Mammals and COVID-19; Twin Delivery and the Three 'Rs'/Mixed Media: The Rainman Twins - The Film; Twins Irish Pub; Twins 'Covid and Corona'; Death of a Surgeon Who Separated Conjoined Twins; Twinco - Twin-Based Supply Company.},
journal = {Twin research and human genetics : the official journal of the International Society for Twin Studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-5},
doi = {10.1017/thg.2020.59},
pmid = {32744204},
issn = {1832-4274},
abstract = {It is likely that genetic factors play a role in the susceptibility to, and recovery from, COVID-19. A survey of ongoing twin research could produce findings likely to help in the prevention and management of this pandemic. This survey is followed by a review of research comparing selected features of asthmatic and nonasthmatic twins, links between twin mammals and COVID-19, and relationships between twin delivery and the three 'Rs'. The final section of this article presents newsworthy twin-related items, some associated with COVID-19. They include a summary of the Rainman Twins film, a study of anal prints, the 'Twins' Irish pub, newborn twins 'Covid and Corona', the death of a surgeon who separated conjoined twins, and Twinco, a twin-based supply company.},
}
@article {pmid32744188,
year = {2020},
author = {Carneiro, MM},
title = {Women's health during the COVID-19 pandemic: new roles and views in health care.},
journal = {Women &amp; health},
volume = {60},
number = {8},
pages = {849-850},
doi = {10.1080/03630242.2020.1789263},
pmid = {32744188},
issn = {1541-0331},
}
@article {pmid32744181,
year = {2020},
author = {Kusmaul, N},
title = {It's Complicated: Having a Family Member Die on Hospice Not-of-COVID-19.},
journal = {Journal of social work in end-of-life &amp; palliative care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1080/15524256.2020.1800555},
pmid = {32744181},
issn = {1552-4264},
}
@article {pmid32744166,
year = {2020},
author = {İzol Torun, AN},
title = {Is vitamin C an effective agent for the prevention of COVID-19 and treatment of severe infection in the ICU?.},
journal = {International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-2},
doi = {10.1024/0300-9831/a000670},
pmid = {32744166},
issn = {0300-9831},
}
@article {pmid32744108,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, X},
title = {Experiencing the Pandemic: Narrative Reflection about Two Coronavirus Outbreaks.},
journal = {Health communication},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2020.1800277},
pmid = {32744108},
issn = {1532-7027},
abstract = {This is a narrative reflection about my experience of the ongoing coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreaks across countries between January and early March 2020. My recalled memories showed the shifting and contingent thoughts and emotions. Contextual factors such as my ethnic identity and local anti-coronavirus policies also constructed my perceptions of the pandemic. While my story is unfinished as the coronavirus outbreak is still happening, the narratives provide a novel perspective to understand public health practices in a global context. As the health knowledge construction is infused with identity and personal meanings, this reflection also shows that people from a racial group may face unfair treatment in a pandemic. My narratives suggest the need for a more globally synchronized health communication in pandemics.},
}
@article {pmid32744052,
year = {2020},
author = {Conti, P and Caraffa, A and Gallenga, CE and Ross, R and Kritas, SK and Frydas, I and Younes, A and Di Emidio, P and Ronconi, G and Toniato, E},
title = {IL-1 induces throboxane-A2 (TxA2) in COVID-19 causing inflammation and micro-thrombi: inhibitory effect of the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra).},
journal = {Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents},
volume = {34},
number = {4},
pages = {},
doi = {10.23812/20-34-4EDIT-65},
pmid = {32744052},
issn = {0393-974X},
abstract = {IL-1 induces a significant number of metabolic and hematological changes. In experimental animals, IL-1 treatments cause hypotension due to rapid reduction of systemic blood pressure, reduced vascular resistance, increased heart rate and leukocyte aggregations. IL-1 causes endothelial dysfunction, the triggering factor of which may be of a different nature including pathogen infection. This dysfunction, which includes macrophage intervention and increased protein permeability, can be mediated by several factors including cytokines and arachidonic acid products. These effects are caused by the induction of IL-1 in various pathologies, including those caused by pathogenic viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 which provokes COVID-19. Activation of macrophages by coronavirus-19 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, metalloproteinases and other proteolytic enzymes that can cause thrombi formation and severe respiratory dysfunction. Patients with COVID-19, seriously ill and hospitalized in intensive care, present systemic inflammation, intravascular coagulopathy with high risk of thrombotic complications, and venous thromboembolism, effects mostly mediated by IL-1. In these patients the lungs are the most critical target organ as it can present an increase in the degradation products of fibrin, fibrinogen and D-dimer, with organ lesions and respiratory failure. It is well known that IL-1 induces itself and another very important pro-inflammatory cytokine, TNF, which also participates in hemodynamic states, including shock syndrome in COVID-19. Both IL-1 and TNF cause pulmonary edema, thrombosis and bleeding. In addition to hypotension and resistance of systemic blood pressure, IL-1 causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. The formation of thrombi is the main complication of the circulatory system and functionality of the organ, and represents an important cause of morbidity and mortality. IL-1 causes platelet vascular thrombogenicity also on non-endothelial cells by stimulating the formation of thromboxane A2 which is released into the inflamed environment. IL-1 is the most important immune molecule in inducing fever, since it is involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid which increases from vascular endothelial organs of the hypothalamus. The pathogenesis of thrombosis, vascular inflammation and angigenesis involves the mediation of the activation of the prostanoid thromboxane A2 receptor. In 1986, in an interesting article (Conti P, Reale M, Fiore S, Cancelli A, Angeletti PU, Dinarello CA. In vitro enhanced thromboxane B2 release by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages after treatment with human recombinant interleukin 1. Prostaglandins. 1986 Jul;32(1):111-5), we reported for the first time that IL-1 induces thromboxane B2 (TxB2) releases in activated neutrophils and macrophages. An increase in thromboxane can induce leukocyte aggregation and systemic inflammation, which would account for the dramatic thrombi formation and organ dysfunction. Hence, IL-1 stimulates endothelial cell-leukocyte adhesion, and TxB2 production. All these events are supported by the large increase in neutrophils that adhere to the lung and the decrease in lymphocytes. Therefore, ecosanoids such as TxA2 (detected as TxB2) have a powerful action on vascular inflammation and platelet aggregation, mediating the formation of thrombi. The thrombogenesis that occurs in COVID-19 includes platelet and cell aggregation with clotting abnormalities, and anti-clotting inhibitor agents are used in the prevention and therapy of thrombotic diseases. Prevention of or induction of TxA2 avoids thrombi formation induced by IL-1. However, in some serious vascular events where TxA2 increases significantly, it is difficult to inhibit, therefore, it would be much better to prevent its induction and generation by blocking its inductors including IL-1. The inhibition or lack of formation of IL-1 avoids all the above pathological events which can lead to death of the patient. The treatment of innate immune cells producing IL-1 with IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) can avoid hemodynamic changes, septic shock and organ inflammation by carrying out a new therapeutic efficacy on COVID-19 induced by SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid32743995,
year = {2020},
author = {Sung, HK and Kim, JY and Heo, J and Seo, H and Jang, YS and Kim, H and Koh, BR and Jo, N and Oh, HS and Baek, YM and Park, KH and Shon, JA and Kim, MC and Kim, JH and Chang, HH and Park, Y and Kang, YM and Lee, DH and Oh, DH and Park, HJ and Song, KH and Lee, EK and Jeong, H and Lee, JY and Ko, JY and Choi, J and Ryu, EH and Chung, KH and Oh, MD and , },
title = {Clinical Course and Outcomes of 3,060 Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Korea, January-May 2020.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {35},
number = {30},
pages = {e280},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e280},
pmid = {32743995},
issn = {1598-6357},
support = {4838-330-320-01/KCDC/Korea Centers for Disease Control &amp; Prevention/Korea ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The fatality rate of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) varies among countries owing to demographics, patient comorbidities, surge capacity of healthcare systems, and the quality of medical care. We assessed the clinical outcomes of patients with COVID-19 during the first wave of the epidemic in Korea.<br><br>METHODS: Using a modified World Health Organization clinical record form, we obtained clinical data for 3,060 patients with COVID-19 treated at 55 hospitals in Korea. Disease severity scores were defined as: 1) no limitation of daily activities; 2) limitation of daily activities but no need for supplemental oxygen; 3) supplemental oxygen via nasal cannula; 4) supplemental oxygen via facial mask; 5) non-invasive mechanical ventilation; 6) invasive mechanical ventilation; 7) multi-organ failure or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy; and 8) death. Recovery was defined as a severity score of 1 or 2, or discharge and release from isolation.<br><br>RESULTS: The median age of the patients was 43 years of age; 43.6% were male. The median time from illness onset to admission was 5 days. Of the patients with a disease severity score of 3-4 on admission, 65 (71.5%) of the 91 patients recovered, and 7 (7.7%) died due to illness by day 28. Of the patients with disease severity scores of 5-7, 7 (19.5%) of the 36 patients recovered, and 8 (22.2%) died due to illness by day 28. None of the 1,324 patients who were < 50 years of age died; in contrast, the fatality rate due to illness by day 28 was 0.5% (2/375), 0.9% (2/215), 5.8% (6/104), and 14.0% (7/50) for the patients aged 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥ 80 years of age, respectively.<br><br>CONCLUSION: In Korea, almost all patients of < 50 years of age with COVID-19 recovered without supplemental oxygen. In patients of ≥ 50 years of age, the fatality rate increased with age, reaching 14% in patients of ≥ 80 years of age.},
}
@article {pmid32743994,
year = {2020},
author = {Jang, JG and Ahn, JH},
title = {The Author's Response: Prognostic Accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for Early Detection of Clinical Deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {35},
number = {30},
pages = {e275},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e275},
pmid = {32743994},
issn = {1598-6357},
}
@article {pmid32743993,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, EJ and Hong, HL},
title = {Letter to the Editor: Discussion of the Article &quot;Prognostic Accuracy of the SIRS, qSOFA, and NEWS for Early Detection of Clinical Deterioration in SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patients&quot;.},
journal = {Journal of Korean medical science},
volume = {35},
number = {30},
pages = {e274},
doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e274},
pmid = {32743993},
issn = {1598-6357},
}
@article {pmid32743952,
year = {2020},
author = {Pagliazzi, A and Mancano, G and Forzano, G and di Giovanni, F and Gori, G and Traficante, G and Iolascon, A and Giglio, S},
title = {Genetic counseling during COVID-19 pandemic: Tuscany experience.},
journal = {Molecular genetics &amp; genomic medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e1433},
doi = {10.1002/mgg3.1433},
pmid = {32743952},
issn = {2324-9269},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 outbreak prompted health centres to reorganize their clinical and surgical activity. In this paper, we show how medical genetics department's activity, in our tertiary pediatric hospital, has changed due to pandemic.<br><br>METHODS: We stratified all our scheduled visits, from March 9th through April 30th, and assessed case-by-case which genetic consultations should be maintained as face-to-face visit, or postponed/switched to telemedicine.<br><br>RESULTS: Out of 288 scheduled appointments, 60 were prenatal consultations and 228 were postnatal visits. We performed most of prenatal consultations as face-to-face visits, as women would have been present in the hospital to perform other procedures in addition to our consult. As for postnatal care, we suspended all outpatient first visits and opted for telemedicine for selected follow-up consultations: interestingly, 75% of our patients' parents revealed that they would have cancelled the appointment themselves for the fear to contract an infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Spread of COVID-19 in Italy forced us to change our working habits. Given the necessity to optimize healthcare resources and minimize the risk of in-hospital infections, we experienced the benefits of telegenetics. Current pandemic made us familiar with telemedicine, laying the foundations for its application to deal with the increasing number of requests in clinical genetics.},
}
@article {pmid32743940,
year = {2020},
author = {Church, LE and Nagi, G},
title = {Comment on: Frequency of face touching with and without a mask in pediatric hematology/oncology health care professionals: For application to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Pediatric blood &amp; cancer},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e28634},
doi = {10.1002/pbc.28634},
pmid = {32743940},
issn = {1545-5017},
}
@article {pmid32743938,
year = {2020},
author = {Grabbe, S and Beissert, S and Enk, A},
title = {Systemic immunosuppression in times of COVID-19: Do we need to rethink our standards?.},
journal = {Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ddg.14194},
pmid = {32743938},
issn = {1610-0387},
abstract = {The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic particularly endangers older people with pre-existing cardiopulmonary and metabolic conditions. However, it is also currently under discussion whether patients under immunosuppressive therapy also have a higher risk of suffering a severe course of the COVID-19 disease. In principle though, there is currently no data available for a general reduction or pause of immunosuppression in patients with autoimmune diseases because of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. However, since there is currently neither an effective therapy nor corresponding vaccination protection, the indication for a prolonged immunosuppressive therapy should be made with special care. In particular, immunotherapeutic agents that produce long-term effects (e.g., rituximab) should be used with special caution. In contrast, immunomodulating substances that do not suppress antiviral immunity (e.g. systemic immunoglobulins, doxycycline), or that have intrinsic effects on SARS-CoV-2 (calcineurin inhibitors, chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine) may be useful alternatives.},
}
@article {pmid32743901,
year = {2020},
author = {Alfano, G and Perrone, R and Fontana, F and Mori, G and Lucchi, L and Guaraldi, G and Magistroni, R and Cappelli, G and , },
title = {Long-term effects of COVID-19 in a patient on maintenance dialysis.},
journal = {Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/hdi.12859},
pmid = {32743901},
issn = {1542-4758},
abstract = {Coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19) is a novel respiratory infection highly associated with severe complications in elderly subjects affected by cardiovascular disease. Patients on maintenance dialysis are exceptionally vulnerable because most of them are old and have multiple comorbidities. We report the complex clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient on maintenance dialysis who presented with fever and lung edema. After 41 days from the primary infection, the clinically recovered patient experienced symptomatic reactivation of SARS-COV-2 infection documented by positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result on nasal/oropharyngeal swab with immunoglobulin M seroconversion. The recurrence of PCR positivity forced us to perform hemodialysis in a separate isolation room for a prolonged period of time. Close monitoring of previously infected patients and restructuring of dialysis facilities are necessary to avoid new outbreaks of this concerning disease.},
}
@article {pmid32743890,
year = {2020},
author = {Kashyap, S and Ramaprasad, A and Bidare Sastry, N},
title = {Waste quarantine to reduce COVID-19 infection spread.},
journal = {The International journal of health planning and management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hpm.3026},
pmid = {32743890},
issn = {1099-1751},
}
@article {pmid32743884,
year = {2020},
author = {Guéant, JL and Fromonot, J and Guéant-Rodriguez, RM and Lacolley, P and Guieu, R and Regnault, V},
title = {Blood Myeloperoxidase-DNA, a biomarker of early response to SARS-CoV-2 infection?.},
journal = {Allergy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/all.14533},
pmid = {32743884},
issn = {1398-9995},
abstract = {Convergent arguments suggest that innate immunity related to neutrophils, and in particular neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), could play a key role in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
}
@article {pmid32743882,
year = {2020},
author = {Bennett, D and De Vita, E and Ventura, V and Bernazzali, S and Fossi, A and Paladini, P and Luzzi, L and Maccherini, M and Valente, S and Bargagli, E and Frediani, B and Sestini, P},
title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on heart and lung transplant: a patient-perspective survey.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13428},
doi = {10.1111/tid.13428},
pmid = {32743882},
issn = {1399-3062},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The risk of COVID-19 is expected to be higher among solid organ transplant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of COVID-19 and the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the personal hygiene and expectations of in heart and lung transplant recipients.<br><br>METHODS: A telephone survey of heart (n=69) and lung (n=41) transplant patients and a group of controls (n=41) was conducted concerning personal hygiene before and after the outbreak; the impact on subjective expectations regarding graft outcome; symptoms possibly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; diagnosis of COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: 79% of the patients declared they increased the use of face masks and hand washing. Behavior at home regarding self-isolation did not change. About half the patients said they were afraid of the virus. A higher percentage of LTX were convinced that SARS-CoV-2 could have a negative impact on the outcome of their graft. 28% declared that they were afraid to come to the hospital for routine examinations and asked to postpone. Nine LTX and five HTX patients experienced symptoms that could have been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but none of them underwent a nasopharyngeal swab. Only one LTX was diagnosed with the infection.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: In our study we observed a low incidence of COVID-19 in heart and lung transplant patients (0.9%), similar to that of the general population of our Region. Isolation measures were already observed before the pandemic and were further strengthened in most cases. Particular attention should also be paid to new psychological and physical complications indirectly linked to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
}
@article {pmid32743827,
year = {2020},
author = {Stall, NM and Wu, W and Lapointe-Shaw, L and Fisman, DN and Giannakeas, V and Hillmer, MP and Rochon, PA},
title = {Sex- and age-specific differences in COVID-19 testing, cases and outcomes: a population-wide study in Ontario, Canada.},
journal = {Journal of the American Geriatrics Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgs.16761},
pmid = {32743827},
issn = {1532-5415},
}
@article {pmid32743814,
year = {2020},
author = {Niknam, J and Rong, LQ},
title = {Asymptomatic patients with coronavirus disease and cardiac surgery: When should you operate?.},
journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jocs.14918},
pmid = {32743814},
issn = {1540-8191},
support = {MRTG-CT-08 to 15-2018//Foundation for Anesthesia Education and Research/ ; },
abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID) pandemic and the decision-making process of whether to perform urgent procedures during a surge are issues that will likely not disappear in the near future as reflected by the current rise in COVID cases in the southern and western United States and the resurgent numbers of confirmed cases around that world leading to are leading to new lock-downs. Multi-disciplinary discussions will continue to be important to decide individual risk and benefit profiles for patients with asymptomatic COVID patients moving forward. While imperfect, this most recent study provides more insight to some of the risks that should be weighed in these discussions. Further prospective, longitudinal research and better understanding of the heterogeneity of the COVID positive patient will further enhance understanding the decision-making process in the cardiac surgical patient through these difficult times.},
}
@article {pmid32743795,
year = {2020},
author = {Sahebi, B},
title = {Clinical Supervision of Couple and Family Therapy during COVID-19.},
journal = {Family process},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/famp.12591},
pmid = {32743795},
issn = {1545-5300},
abstract = {This paper addresses the need for a swift transition from in person clinical supervision to tele-supervision during the time of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Five specific areas will be discussed in the effort to enhance the quality of clinical supervision provided to couple and family therapists in training at this time including: (1) COVID-19 and the structural changes and technological adaptation of supervision; (2) culturally and contextually sensitive guidelines for clinical supervision during COVID-19; (3) the supervisee's competence and the clinical supervisory process; (4) the new set of boundaries and the supervisory role; (5) and the supervisory alliance and supervisees' vulnerabilities in the face of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743793,
year = {2020},
author = {Azar, WS and Njeim, R and Fares, AH and Azar, NS and Azar, ST and El Sayed, M and Eid, AA},
title = {COVID-19 and diabetes mellitus: how one pandemic worsens the other.},
journal = {Reviews in endocrine &amp; metabolic disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s11154-020-09573-6},
pmid = {32743793},
issn = {1573-2606},
abstract = {In light of the most challenging public health crisis of modern history, COVID-19 mortality continues to rise at an alarming rate. Patients with co-morbidities such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus (DM) seem to be more prone to severe symptoms and appear to have a higher mortality rate. In this review, we elucidate suggested mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of patients with diabetes to infection with SARS-CoV-2 with a more severe COVID-19 disease. The worsened prognosis of COVID-19 patients with DM can be attributed to a facilitated viral uptake assisted by the host's receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). It can also be associated with a higher basal level of pro-inflammatory cytokines present in patients with diabetes, which enables a hyperinflammatory &quot;cytokine storm&quot; in response to the virus. This review also suggests a link between elevated levels of IL-6 and AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway and their role in exacerbating diabetes-induced complications and insulin resistance. If further studied, these findings could help identify novel therapeutic intervention strategies for patients with diabetes comorbid with COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743771,
year = {2020},
author = {Sun, D},
title = {Correction to: Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Additional Benefit.},
journal = {The AAPS journal},
volume = {22},
number = {5},
pages = {102},
doi = {10.1208/s12248-020-00483-8},
pmid = {32743771},
issn = {1550-7416},
abstract = {During the proofing process, the misspelling of &quot;additional&quot; occurred while changing the title of the article. The complete title should be &quot;Remdesivir for Treatment of COVID-19: Combination of Pulmonary and IV Administration May Offer Additional Benefit&quot;.},
}
@article {pmid32743723,
year = {2020},
author = {Kulkarni, R and Rajput, U and Dawre, R and Valvi, C and Nagpal, R and Magdum, N and Vankar, H and Sonkawade, N and Das, A and Vartak, S and Joshi, S and Varma, S and Karyakarte, R and Bhosale, R and Kinikar, A},
title = {Early-onset symptomatic neonatal COVID-19 infection with high probability of vertical transmission.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s15010-020-01493-6},
pmid = {32743723},
issn = {1439-0973},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There are few reports of COVID-19 in neonates and most are suspected to be due to postnatal transmission. Vertical transmission has been proven in only a couple of cases so far.<br><br>METHODS: We describe early-onset, severe COVID-19 disease in a neonate with very strong evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>RESULTS: A COVID-19 suspected mother, who tested negative by RT-PCR for COVID, but tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by serology, delivered a term baby. The neonate was kept in strict isolation. Molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 on umbilical stump, placenta, and nasopharyngeal aspirate of the neonate, collected at birth were positive. On day 2, the neonate developed clinical features of COVID in the form of fever, poor feeding, and hyperbilirubenemia along with elevated inflammatory markers. Antibiotics were started empirically pending cultures. Blood, CSF, and urine cultures were sterile. Baby tested RT-PCR positive for SARS-CoV-2 on two more occasions before testing positive for antibodies and was discharged on day 21 of life.<br><br>CONCLUSION: This report highlights a very strong possibility of vertical transmission of COVID-19 from a mildly symptomatic, RT-PCR negative but antibody-positive mother with significant symptomatic, early-onset neonatal infection.},
}
@article {pmid32743705,
year = {2020},
author = {Koker, O and Demirkan, FG and Kayaalp, G and Cakmak, F and Tanatar, A and Karadag, SG and Sonmez, HE and Omeroglu, R and Aktay Ayaz, N},
title = {Does immunosuppressive treatment entail an additional risk for children with rheumatic diseases? A survey-based study in the era of COVID-19.},
journal = {Rheumatology international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04663-9},
pmid = {32743705},
issn = {1437-160X},
support = {36852//Bilimsel Araştirma Projeleri Birimi, Istanbul Üniversitesi/ ; },
abstract = {The aim of the research was to further extend current knowledge of whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease 2019 (COVID-19) entails a risk for children with various rheumatic diseases under immunosuppressive treatment. Telephone survey was administered by conducting interviews with the parents from May 1, 2020 to May 20, 2020. A message containing a link to the actual questionnaire was sent to their phones simultaneously. The medical records of the patients were reviewed for gathering information about demographic data, clinical follow-up, and treatments. Patients who were followed-up under immunosuppressive treatment (n = 439) were attempted to be contacted. The diagnostic distribution of patients (n = 414) eligible for the study was as follows: juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (n = 243, 58.7%), autoinflammatory diseases (n = 109, 26.3%), connective tissue diseases (n = 51, 12.3%), and vasculitis (n = 11, 2.7%). In the entire cohort, the mean age was 12 ± 4.7 years, and 54.1% (n = 224) were female. Nine patients have attended the hospital for COVID-19 evaluation, 6 of whom were in close contact with confirmed cases. One patient with seronegative polyarticular JIA, previously prescribed methotrexate and receiving leflunomide during pandemic was identified to be diagnosed with COVID-19. None, including the confirmed case, had any severe symptoms. More than half of the patients with household exposure did not require hospitalization as they were asymptomatic. Although circumstances such as compliance in social distancing policy, transmission patterns, attitude following contact may have influenced the results, immunosuppressive treatment does not seem to pose an additional risk in terms of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743642,
year = {2020},
author = {Kempker, RR and Kempker, JA and Peters, M and Rebolledo, PA and Carroll, K and Toomer, L and Wang, YFW and Ray, SM and Hunter, M},
title = {Loss of Smell and Taste Among Healthcare Personnel Screened for Coronavirus 2019.},
journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa877},
pmid = {32743642},
issn = {1537-6591},
abstract = {Among 283 symptomatic healthcare personnel (HCP) tested for SARS-CoV-2, 51 (18%) were positive. Among those 51 HCP, self reported loss of smell and taste were present in 51% and 52.9%, respectively, with either present in 60.8%. These symptoms had high specificity (93% each, 96% for either) for a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.},
}
@article {pmid32743639,
year = {2020},
author = {Shao, T and Wang, W and Duan, M and Pan, J and Xin, Z and Liu, B and Zhou, F and Wang, G},
title = {Application of Bayesian phylogenetic inference modelling for evolutionary genetic analysis and dynamic changes in 2019-nCoV.},
journal = {Briefings in bioinformatics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/bib/bbaa154},
pmid = {32743639},
issn = {1477-4054},
abstract = {The novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has recently caused a large-scale outbreak of viral pneumonia both in China and worldwide. In this study, we obtained the entire genome sequence of 777 new coronavirus strains as of 29 February 2020 from a public gene bank. Bioinformatics analysis of these strains indicated that the mutation rate of these new coronaviruses is not high at present, similar to the mutation rate of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. The similarities of 2019-nCoV and SARS virus suggested that the S and ORF6 proteins shared a low similarity, while the E protein shared the higher similarity. The 2019-nCoV sequence has similar potential phosphorylation sites and glycosylation sites on the surface protein and the ORF1ab polyprotein as the SARS virus; however, there are differences in potential modification sites between the Chinese strain and some American strains. At the same time, we proposed two possible recombination sites for 2019-nCoV. Based on the results of the skyline, we speculate that the activity of the gene population of 2019-nCoV may be before the end of 2019. As the scope of the 2019-nCoV infection further expands, it may produce different adaptive evolutions due to different environments. Finally, evolutionary genetic analysis can be a useful resource for studying the spread and virulence of 2019-nCoV, which are essential aspects of preventive and precise medicine.},
}
@article {pmid32743622,
year = {2020},
author = {Hedde, PN and Abram, TJ and Jain, A and Nakajima, R and Ramiro de Assis, R and Pearce, T and Jasinskas, A and Toosky, MN and Khan, S and Felgner, PL and Gratton, E and Zhao, W},
title = {A modular microarray imaging system for highly specific COVID-19 antibody testing.},
journal = {Lab on a chip},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d0lc00547a},
pmid = {32743622},
issn = {1473-0189},
abstract = {To detect the presence of antibodies in blood against SARS-CoV-2 in a highly sensitive and specific manner, here we describe a robust, inexpensive ($200), 3D-printable portable imaging platform (TinyArray imager) that can be deployed immediately in areas with minimal infrastructure to read coronavirus antigen microarrays (CoVAMs) that contain a panel of antigens from SARS-CoV-2, SARS-1, MERS, and other respiratory viruses. Application includes basic laboratories and makeshift field clinics where a few drops of blood from a finger prick could be rapidly tested in parallel for the presence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 with a test turnaround time of only 2-4 h. To evaluate our imaging device, we probed and imaged coronavirus microarrays with COVID-19-positive and negative sera and achieved a performance on par with a commercial microarray reader 100× more expensive than our imaging device. This work will enable large scale serosurveillance, which can play an important role in the months and years to come to implement efficient containment and mitigation measures, as well as help develop therapeutics and vaccines to treat and prevent the spread of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743615,
year = {2020},
author = {Su, A and Grist, SM and Geldert, A and Gopal, A and Herr, AE},
title = {UV-C decontamination for N95 emergency reuse: Quantitative dose validation with photochromic indicators.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.17.20156497},
pmid = {32743615},
abstract = {With COVID-19 N95 respirator shortages, frontline medical personnel are forced to reuse this disposable - but sophisticated - multilayer textile respirator. Widely used for decontamination of nonporous surfaces, UV-C light has germicidal efficacy on porous, non-planar N95 respirators when ≥1.0 J/cm^2 dose is applied across all surfaces. Here, we address outstanding limitations of photochromic indicators (qualitative readout and insufficient dynamic range) and introduce a photochromic UV-C dose quantification technique for: (1) design of UV-C treatments and (2) in-process UV-C dose validation. Our methodology establishes that color-changing dosimetry can achieve the necessary accuracy (>90%), uncertainty (<10%), and UV-C specificity (>95%). Furthermore, we adapt consumer electronics for accessible quantitative readout and extend the dynamic range >10× using optical attenuators. In a measurement infeasible with radiometers, we observe striking 20× dose variation over 3D N95 facepieces. By transforming photochromic indicators into quantitative dosimeters, we illuminate critical design considerations for both photochromic indicators and UV-C decontamination.},
}
@article {pmid32743614,
year = {2020},
author = {Overmyer, KA and Shishkova, E and Miller, IJ and Balnis, J and Bernstein, MN and Peters-Clarke, TM and Meyer, JG and Quan, Q and Muehlbauer, LK and Trujillo, EA and He, Y and Chopra, A and Chieng, HC and Tiwari, A and Judson, MA and Paulson, B and Brademan, DR and Zhu, Y and Serrano, LR and Linke, V and Drake, LA and Adam, AP and Schwartz, BS and Singer, HA and Swanson, S and Mosher, DF and Stewart, R and Coon, JJ and Jaitovich, A},
title = {Large-scale Multi-omic Analysis of COVID-19 Severity.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.17.20156513},
pmid = {32743614},
abstract = {We performed RNA-Seq and high-resolution mass spectrometry on 128 blood samples from COVID-19 positive and negative patients with diverse disease severities. Over 17,000 transcripts, proteins, metabolites, and lipids were quantified and associated with clinical outcomes in a curated relational database, uniquely enabling systems analysis and cross-ome correlations to molecules and patient prognoses. We mapped 219 molecular features with high significance to COVID-19 status and severity, many involved in complement activation, dysregulated lipid transport, and neutrophil activation. We identified sets of covarying molecules, e.g., protein gelsolin and metabolite citrate or plasmalogens and apolipoproteins, offering pathophysiological insights and therapeutic suggestions. The observed dysregulation of platelet function, blood coagulation, acute phase response, and endotheliopathy further illuminated the unique COVID-19 phenotype. We present a web-based tool (covid-omics.app) enabling interactive exploration of our compendium and illustrate its utility through a comparative analysis with published data and a machine learning approach for prediction of COVID-19 severity.},
}
@article {pmid32743613,
year = {2020},
author = {Chen, J and Vullikanti, A and Hoops, S and Mortveit, H and Lewis, B and Venkatramanan, S and You, W and Eubank, S and Marathe, M and Barrett, C and Marathe, A},
title = {Medical Costs of Keeping the US Economy Open During COVID-19.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.17.20156232},
pmid = {32743613},
abstract = {We use an individual based model and national level epidemic simulations to estimate the medical costs of keeping the US economy open during COVID-19 pandemic under different counterfactual scenarios. We model an unmitigated scenario and 12 mitigation scenarios which differ in compliance behavior to social distancing strategies and to the duration of the stay-home order. Under each scenario we estimate the number of people who are likely to get infected and require medical attention, hospitalization, and ventilators. Given the per capita medical cost for each of these health states, we compute the total medical costs for each scenario and show the tradeoffs between deaths, costs, infections, compliance and the duration of stay-home order. We also consider the hospital bed capacity of each Hospital Referral Region (HRR) in the US to estimate the deficit in beds each HRR will likely encounter given the demand for hospital beds. We consider a case where HRRs share hospital beds among the neighboring HRRs during a surge in demand beyond the available beds and the impact it has in controlling additional deaths.},
}
@article {pmid32743612,
year = {2020},
author = {Dzimianski, JV and Lorig-Roach, N and O'Rourke, SM and Alexander, DL and Kimmey, JM and DuBois, RM},
title = {Rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by biolayer interferometry.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.17.20156281},
pmid = {32743612},
abstract = {Serological testing to evaluate antigen-specific antibodies in plasma is generally performed by rapid lateral flow test strips that lack quantitative results or by high complexity immunoassays that are time- and labor-intensive but provide quantitative results. Here, we describe a novel application of biolayer interferometry for the rapid detection of antigen-specific antibody levels in plasma samples, and demonstrate its utility for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Our biolayer interferometry immunosorbent assay (BLI-ISA) utilizes single-use biosensors in an automated &quot;dip-and-read&quot; format, providing real-time optical measurements of antigen loading, plasma antibody binding, and antibody isotype detection. Complete quantitative results are obtained in less than 20 minutes. BLI-ISA meets or exceeds the performance of high complexity methods such as Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. Importantly, our method can be immediately implemented on existing BLI platforms for urgent COVID-19 studies, such as serosurveillance and the evaluation of vaccine candidates. In a broader sense, BLI-ISA can be developed as a novel diagnostic platform to evaluate antibodies and other biomolecules in clinical specimens.},
}
@article {pmid32743611,
year = {2020},
author = {Yao, C and Bora, SA and Parimon, T and Zaman, T and Friedman, OA and Palatinus, JA and Surapaneni, NS and Matusov, YP and Cerro Chiang, G and Kassar, AG and Patel, N and Green, CE and Aziz, AW and Suri, H and Suda, J and Lopez, AA and Martins, GA and Stripp, BR and Gharib, SA and Goodridge, HS and Chen, P},
title = {Cell type-specific immune dysregulation in severely ill COVID-19 patients.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.23.20161182},
pmid = {32743611},
abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has quickly become the most serious pandemic since the 1918 flu pandemic. In extreme situations, patients develop a dysregulated inflammatory lung injury called acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) that causes progressive respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilatory support. Recent studies have demonstrated immunologic dysfunction in severely ill COVID-19 patients. To further delineate the dysregulated immune response driving more severe clinical course from SARS-CoV-2 infection, we used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) to analyze the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from hospitalized COVID-19 patients having mild disease (n = 5), developing ARDS (n = 6), and recovering from ARDS (n = 6). Our data demonstrated an overwhelming inflammatory response with select immunodeficiencies within various immune populations in ARDS patients. Specifically, their monocytes had defects in antigen presentation and deficiencies in interferon responsiveness that contrasted the higher interferon signals in lymphocytes. Furthermore, cytotoxic activity was suppressed in both NK and CD8 lymphocytes whereas B cell activation was deficient, which is consistent with the delayed viral clearance in severely ill COVID-19 patients. Finally, we identified altered signaling pathways in the severe group that suggests immunosenescence and immunometabolic changes could be contributing to the dysfunctional immune response. Our study demonstrates that COVID-19 patients with ARDS have an immunologically distinct response when compared to those with a more innocuous disease course and show a state of immune imbalance in which deficiencies in both the innate and adaptive immune response may be contributing to a more severe disease course in COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743610,
year = {2020},
author = {McLaughlin, CC and Doll, MK and Morrison, KT and McLaughlin, WL and O'Connor, T and Sholukh, AM and Bossard, EL and Phasouk, K and Ford, ES and Diem, K and Klock, AM and Jerome, KR and Corey, L},
title = {High Community SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Seroprevalence in a Ski Resort Community, Blaine County, Idaho, US. Preliminary Results.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.20157198},
pmid = {32743610},
abstract = {Community-level seroprevalence surveys are needed to determine the proportion of the population with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, a necessary component of COVID-19 disease surveillance. In May, 2020, we conducted a cross-sectional seroprevalence study of IgG antibodies for nucleocapsid of SARS-CoV-2 among the residents of Blaine County, Idaho, a ski resort community with high COVID-19 attack rates in late March and Early April (2.9% for ages 18 and older). Participants were selected from volunteers who registered via a secure web link, using prestratification weighting to the population distribution by age and gender within each ZIP Code. Participants completed a survey reporting their demographics and symptoms; 88% of volunteers who were invited to participate completed data collection survey and had 10 ml of blood drawn. Serology was completed via the Abbott Architect SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassay. Primary analyses estimated seroprevalence and 95% credible intervals (CI) using a hierarchical Bayesian framework to account for diagnostic uncertainty. Stratified models were run by age, sex, ZIP Code, ethnicity, employment status, and a priori participant-reported COVID-19 status. Sensitivity analyses to estimate seroprevalence included base models with post-stratification for ethnicity, age, and sex, with or without adjustment for multi-participant households. IgG antibodies to the virus that causes COVID-19 were found among 22.7% (95% CI: 20.1%, 25.5%) of residents of Blaine County. Higher levels of antibodies were found among residents of the City of Ketchum 34.8% (95% CI 29.3%, 40.5%), compared to Hailey 16.8% (95%CI 13.7%, 20.3%) and Sun Valley 19.4% (95% 11.8%, 28.4%). People who self-identified as not believing they had COVID-19 had the lowest prevalence 4.8% (95% CI 2.3%, 8.2%). The range of seroprevalence after correction for potential selection bias was 21.9% to 24.2%. This study suggests more than 80% of SARS-CoV-2 infections were not reported. Although Blaine County had high levels of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the community is not yet near the herd immunity threshold.},
}
@article {pmid32743609,
year = {2020},
author = {Goldstein, E and Lipsitch, M and Cevik, M},
title = {On the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in households, schools and the community.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.20157362},
pmid = {32743609},
abstract = {There is limited information on the effect of age on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection in different settings. We undertook a review of published data/studies on detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection in contacts of COVID-19 cases, as well as serological studies, and studies of infections in the school setting to examine those issues. Those sources suggest significantly lower susceptibility to infection for children aged under 10 years compared to adults, for elevated susceptibility to infection in adults aged over 60y, and for the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with sleeping close to an infected individual. Those sources also suggest that younger adults (particularly those aged under 35y) often have high rates of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the community. Additionally, there is evidence of robust spread of SARS-CoV-2 in high schools, and more limited spread in primary schools. Some countries with relatively large class sizes in primary schools (e.g. Chile and Israel) reported sizeable outbreaks in some of those schools, though the amount of transmission occurring in these schools (vs. outside) is not clear from current reports. Nonetheless, these reports suggest that classroom crowding and other factors related to social distancing in classrooms/schools may play a role in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in primary schools. Those findings should have implications for school openings in different age groups of children, and they suggest the need to better protect adults over the age of 60 during the community spread of SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid32743608,
year = {2020},
author = {Poteat, TC and Reisner, SL and Miller, M and Wirtz, AL},
title = {COVID-19 Vulnerability of Transgender Women With and Without HIV Infection in the Eastern and Southern U.S.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.21.20159327},
pmid = {32743608},
abstract = {Background: COVID-19 is a new global pandemic and people with HIV may be particularly vulnerable. Gender identity is not reported, therefore data are absent on the impact of COVID-19 on transgender people, including transgender people with HIV. Baseline data from the American Cohort to Study HIV Acquisition Among Transgender Women in High Risk Areas (LITE) Study provide an opportunity to examine pre-COVID vulnerability among transgender women.<br><br>Setting: Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, Miami, New York City, Washington, DC.<br><br>Methods: Baseline data from LITE were analysed for demographic, psychosocial, and material factors that may affect risk for COVID-related harms.<br><br>Results: The 1020 participants had high rates of poverty, unemployment, food insecurity, homelessness, and sex work. Transgender women with HIV (n=273) were older, more likely to be Black, had lower educational attainment, and were more likely to experience material hardship. Mental and behavioural health symptoms were common and did not differ by HIV status. Barriers to healthcare included being mistreated mistreatment, uncomfortable providers, and past negative experiences; as well as material hardships, such as cost and transportation. However, most reported access to material and social support - demonstrating resilience.<br><br>Conclusions: Transgender women with HIV may be particularly vulnerable to pandemic harms. Mitigating this harm would have positive effects for everyone, given the highly infectious nature of this coronavirus. Collecting gender identity in COVID-19 data is crucial to inform an effective public health response. Transgender-led organizations' response to this crisis serve as an important model for effective community-led interventions.},
}
@article {pmid32743607,
year = {2020},
author = {Xu, W and Piper-Vallillo, AJ and Bindal, P and Wischhusen, J and Patel, JM and Costa, DB and Peters, MLB},
title = {Time to SARS-CoV-2 Clearance Among Patients with Cancer and COVID-19.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.23.20161000},
pmid = {32743607},
abstract = {QUESTION: What is the median time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 among cancer patients according to currently used criteria?<br><br>FINDINGS: In this single-institution retrospective cohort study, the median time to SARS-CoV-2 clearance was 50 days using the ASCO/CDC criteria of 2 negative RT-PCR assays >24 hours apart. Using alternative criteria of 1 negative RT-PCR assay (UK-NICE) or CDC clinical criteria (10 days after first positive RT-PCR and 3 days after last symptoms), median clearance times were 31 days and 13 days, respectively. Meaning: SARS-CoV-2 clearance times differ substantially depending on criteria used and may be prolonged in cancer patients.},
}
@article {pmid32743606,
year = {2020},
author = {McAvoy, M and Bui, AN and Hansen, C and Plana, D and Said, JT and Yu, Z and Yang, H and Freake, J and Van, C and Krikorian, D and Cramer, A and Smith, L and Jiang, L and Lee, KJ and Li, SJ and Beller, B and Short, M and Yu, SH and Mostaghimi, A and Sorger, PK and LeBoeuf, NR},
title = {3D Printed frames to enable reuse and improve the fit of N95 and KN95 respirators.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.20.20151019},
pmid = {32743606},
abstract = {Background: In response to supply shortages during the COVID-19 pandemic, N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs or &quot;masks&quot;), which are typically single-use devices in healthcare settings, are routinely being used for prolonged periods and in some cases decontaminated under &quot;reuse&quot; and &quot;extended use&quot; policies. However, the reusability of N95 masks is often limited by degradation or breakage of elastic head bands and issues with mask fit after repeated use. The purpose of this study was to develop a frame for N95 masks, using readily available materials and 3D printing, which could replace defective or broken bands and improve fit.<br><br>Results: An iterative design process yielded a mask frame consisting of two 3D-printed side pieces, malleable wire links that users press against their face, and cut lengths of elastic material that go around the head to hold the frame and mask in place. Volunteers (n= 41; average BMI= 25.5), of whom 31 were women, underwent qualitative fit with and without mask frames and one or more of four different brands of FFRs conforming to US N95 or Chinese KN95 standards. Masks passed qualitative fit testing in the absence of a frame at rates varying from 48 - 92% (depending on mask model and tester). For individuals for whom a mask passed testing, 75-100% (average = 86%) also passed testing with a frame holding the mask in place. Among users for whom a mask failed in initial fit testing, 41% passed using a frame. Success varied with mask model and across individuals.<br><br>Conclusions: The use of mask frames can prolong the lifespan of N95 and KN95 masks by serving as a substitute for broken or defective bands without adversely affecting fit. Frames also have the potential to improve fit for some individuals who cannot fit existing masks. Frames therefore represent a simple and inexpensive way of extending the life and utility of PPE in short supply. For clinicians and institutions interested in mask frames, designs and specifications are provided without restriction for use or modification. To ensure adequate performance in clinical settings, qualitative fit testing with user-specific masks and frames is required.},
}
@article {pmid32743605,
year = {2020},
author = {Gerkin, RC and Ohla, K and Veldhuizen, MG and Joseph, PV and Kelly, CE and Bakke, AJ and Steele, KE and Farruggia, MC and Pellegrino, R and Pepino, MY and Bouysset, C and Soler, GM and Pereda-Loth, V and Dibattista, M and Cooper, KW and Croijmans, I and Di Pizio, A and Ozdener, MH and Fjaeldstad, AW and Lin, C and Sandell, MA and Singh, PB and Brindha, VE and Olsson, SB and Saraiva, LR and Ahuja, G and Alwashahi, MK and Bhutani, S and D'Errico, A and Fornazieri, MA and Golebiowski, J and Hwang, LD and Öztürk, L and Roura, E and Spinelli, S and Whitcroft, KL and Faraji, F and Fischmeister, FPS and Heinbockel, T and Hsieh, JW and Huart, C and Konstantinidis, I and Menini, A and Morini, G and Olofsson, JK and Philpott, CM and Pierron, D and Shields, VDC and Voznessenskaya, VV and Albayay, J and Altundag, A and Bensafi, M and Bock, MA and Calcinoni, O and Fredborg, W and Laudamiel, C and Lim, J and Lundström, JN and Macchi, A and Meyer, P and Moein, ST and Santamaría, E and Sengupta, D and Domínguez, PP and Yanık, H and Boesveldt, S and de Groot, JHB and Dinnella, C and Freiherr, J and Laktionova, T and Mariño, S and Monteleone, E and Nunez-Parra, A and Abdulrahman, O and Ritchie, M and Thomas-Danguin, T and Walsh-Messinger, J and Al Abri, R and Alizadeh, R and Bignon, E and Cantone, E and Cecchini, MP and Chen, J and Guàrdia, MD and Hoover, KC and Karni, N and Navarro, M and Nolden, AA and Mazal, PP and Rowan, NR and Sarabi-Jamab, A and Archer, NS and Chen, B and Di Valerio, EA and Feeney, EL and Frasnelli, J and Hannum, M and Hopkins, C and Klein, H and Mignot, C and Mucignat, C and Ning, Y and Ozturk, EE and Peng, M and Saatci, O and Sell, EA and Yan, CH and Alfaro, R and Cecchetto, C and Coureaud, G and Herriman, RD and Justice, JM and Kaushik, PK and Koyama, S and Overdevest, JB and Pirastu, N and Ramirez, VA and Roberts, SC and Smith, BC and Cao, H and Wang, H and Balungwe, P and Baguma, M and Hummel, T and Hayes, JE and Reed, DR and Niv, MY and Munger, SD and Parma, V},
title = {Recent smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19: a preregistered, cross-sectional study.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.22.20157263},
pmid = {32743605},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has heterogeneous manifestations, though one of the most common symptoms is a sudden loss of smell (anosmia or hyposmia). We investigated whether olfactory loss is a reliable predictor of COVID-19.<br><br>METHODS: This preregistered, cross-sectional study used a crowdsourced questionnaire in 23 languages to assess symptoms in individuals self-reporting recent respiratory illness. We quantified changes in chemosensory abilities during the course of the respiratory illness using 0-100 visual analog scales (VAS) for participants reporting a positive (C19+; n=4148) or negative (C19-; n=546) COVID-19 laboratory test outcome. Logistic regression models identified singular and cumulative predictors of COVID-19 status and post-COVID-19 olfactory recovery.<br><br>RESULTS: Both C19+ and C19- groups exhibited smell loss, but it was significantly larger in C19+ participants (mean±SD, C19+: -82.5±27.2 points; C19-: -59.8±37.7). Smell loss during illness was the best predictor of COVID-19 in both single and cumulative feature models (ROC AUC=0.72), with additional features providing no significant model improvement. VAS ratings of smell loss were more predictive than binary chemosensory yes/no-questions or other cardinal symptoms, such as fever or cough. Olfactory recovery within 40 days was reported for ~50% of participants and was best predicted by time since illness onset.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: As smell loss is the best predictor of COVID-19, we developed the ODoR-19 tool, a 0-10 scale to screen for recent olfactory loss. Numeric ratings ≤2 indicate high odds of symptomatic COVID-19 (10<OR<4), especially when viral lab tests are impractical or unavailable.},
}
@article {pmid32743604,
year = {2020},
author = {Neilan, AM and Losina, E and Bangs, AC and Flanagan, C and Panella, C and Eskibozkurt, GE and Mohareb, AM and Hyle, EP and Scott, JA and Weinstein, MC and Siedner, MJ and Reddy, KP and Harling, G and Freedberg, KA and Shebl, FM and Kazemian, P and Ciaranello, AL},
title = {Clinical Impact, Costs, and Cost-Effectiveness of Expanded SARS-CoV-2 Testing in Massachusetts.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.23.20160820},
pmid = {32743604},
abstract = {Background We projected the clinical and economic impact of alternative testing strategies on COVID-19 incidence and mortality in Massachusetts using a microsimulation model. Methods We compared five testing strategies: 1) PCR-severe-only: PCR testing only patients with severe/critical symptoms; 2) Self-screen: PCR-severe-only plus self-assessment of COVID-19-consistent symptoms with self-isolation if positive; 3) PCR-any-symptom: PCR for any COVID-19-consistent symptoms with self-isolation if positive; 4) PCR-all: PCR-any-symptom and one-time PCR for the entire population; and, 5) PCR-all-repeat: PCR-all with monthly re-testing. We examined effective reproduction numbers (R e , 0.9-2.0) at which policy conclusions would change. We used published data on disease progression and mortality, transmission, PCR sensitivity/specificity (70/100%) and costs. Model-projected outcomes included infections, deaths, tests performed, hospital-days, and costs over 180-days, as well as incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs, $/quality-adjusted life-year [QALY]). Results In all scenarios, PCR-all-repeat would lead to the best clinical outcomes and PCR-severe-only would lead to the worst; at R e 0.9, PCR-all-repeat vs. PCR-severe-only resulted in a 63% reduction in infections and a 44% reduction in deaths, but required >65-fold more tests/day with 4-fold higher costs. PCR-all-repeat had an ICER <$100,000/QALY only when R e ≥1.8. At all R e values, PCR-any-symptom was cost-saving compared to other strategies. Conclusions Testing people with any COVID-19-consistent symptoms would be cost-saving compared to restricting testing to only those with symptoms severe enough to warrant hospital care. Expanding PCR testing to asymptomatic people would decrease infections, deaths, and hospitalizations. Universal screening would be cost-effective when paired with monthly retesting in settings where the COVID-19 pandemic is surging.},
}
@article {pmid32743603,
year = {2020},
author = {McClain, MT and Constantine, FJ and Henao, R and Liu, Y and Tsalik, EL and Burke, TW and Steinbrink, JM and Petzold, E and Nicholson, BP and Rolfe, R and Kraft, BD and Kelly, MS and Sempowski, GD and Denny, TN and Ginsburg, GS and Woods, CW},
title = {Dysregulated transcriptional responses to SARS-CoV-2 in the periphery support novel diagnostic approaches.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.20.20155507},
pmid = {32743603},
abstract = {In order to elucidate novel aspects of the host response to SARS-CoV-2 we performed RNA sequencing on peripheral blood samples across 77 timepoints from 46 subjects with COVID-19 and compared them to subjects with seasonal coronavirus, influenza, bacterial pneumonia, and healthy controls. Early SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers a conserved transcriptomic response in peripheral blood that is heavily interferon-driven but also marked by indicators of early B-cell activation and antibody production. Interferon responses during SARS-CoV-2 infection demonstrate unique patterns of dysregulated expression compared to other infectious and healthy states. Heterogeneous activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic pathways are present in early COVID-19, as are IL1 and JAK/STAT signaling pathways, that persist into late disease. Classifiers based on differentially expressed genes accurately distinguished SARS-CoV-2 infection from other acute illnesses (auROC 0.95). The transcriptome in peripheral blood reveals unique aspects of the immune response in COVID-19 and provides for novel biomarker-based approaches to diagnosis.},
}
@article {pmid32743602,
year = {2020},
author = {McPadden, J and Warner, F and Young, HP and Hurley, NC and Pulk, RA and Singh, A and Durant, TJ and Gong, G and Desai, N and Haimovich, A and Taylor, RA and Gunel, M and Dela Cruz, CS and Farhadian, SF and Siner, J and Villanueva, M and Churchwell, K and Hsiao, A and Torre, CJ and Velazquez, EJ and Herbst, RS and Iwasaki, A and Ko, AI and Mortazavi, BJ and Krumholz, HM and Schulz, WL},
title = {Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes for 7,995 Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.20157305},
pmid = {32743602},
abstract = {Objective: Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide. Our goal was to identify risk factors associated with admission and disease severity in patients with SARS-CoV-2.<br><br>Design: This was an observational, retrospective study based on real-world data for 7,995 patients with SARS-CoV-2 from a clinical data repository.<br><br>Setting: Yale New Haven Health (YNHH) is a five-hospital academic health system serving a diverse patient population with community and teaching facilities in both urban and suburban areas.<br><br>Populations: The study included adult patients who had SARS-CoV-2 testing at YNHH between March 1 and April 30, 2020.<br><br>Primary outcomes were admission and in-hospital mortality for patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection as determined by RT-PCR testing. We also assessed features associated with the need for respiratory support.<br><br>Results: Of the 28605 patients tested for SARS-CoV-2, 7995 patients (27.9%) had an infection (median age 52.3 years) and 2154 (26.9%) of these had an associated admission (median age 66.2 years). Of admitted patients, 1633 (75.8%) had a discharge disposition at the end of the study period. Of these, 192 (11.8%) required invasive mechanical ventilation and 227 (13.5%) expired. Increased age and male sex were positively associated with admission and in-hospital mortality (median age 81.9 years), while comorbidities had a much weaker association with the risk of admission or mortality. Black race (OR 1.43, 95%CI 1.14-1.78) and Hispanic ethnicity (OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.50-2.18) were identified as risk factors for admission, but, among discharged patients, age-adjusted in-hospital mortality was not significantly different among racial and ethnic groups.<br><br>Conclusions: This observational study identified, among people testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection, older age and male sex as the most strongly associated risks for admission and in-hospital mortality in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. While minority racial and ethnic groups had increased burden of disease and risk of admission, age-adjusted in-hospital mortality for discharged patients was not significantly different among racial and ethnic groups. Ongoing studies will be needed to continue to evaluate these risks, particularly in the setting of evolving treatment guidelines.},
}
@article {pmid32743601,
year = {2020},
author = {Campbell, HR and Cecil, RP and Lodder, R},
title = {Population Data-Driven Formulation of a COVID-19 Therapeutic.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.24.20161547},
pmid = {32743601},
abstract = {This study is designed to utilize computer modeling of the US population through NHANES to reduce the need for preclinical formulation and toxicology studies of an Ebola anti-viral (BSN389) being repurposed for COVID-19, and to thereby speed the candidate therapeutic to the clinic.},
}
@article {pmid32743600,
year = {2020},
author = {Iyer, AS and Jones, FK and Nodoushani, A and Kelly, M and Becker, M and Slater, D and Mills, R and Teng, E and Kamruzzaman, M and Garcia-Beltran, WF and Astudillo, M and Yang, D and Miller, TE and Oliver, E and Fischinger, S and Atyeo, C and Iafrate, AJ and Calderwood, SB and Lauer, SA and Yu, J and Li, Z and Feldman, J and Hauser, BM and Caradonna, TM and Branda, JA and Turbett, SE and LaRocque, RC and Mellon, G and Barouch, DH and Schmidt, AG and Azman, AS and Alter, G and Ryan, ET and Harris, JB and Charles, RC},
title = {Dynamics and significance of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.18.20155374},
pmid = {32743600},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Characterizing the humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and developing accurate serologic assays are needed for diagnostic purposes and estimating population-level seroprevalence.<br><br>METHODS: We measured the kinetics of early antibody responses to the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of 259 symptomatic North American patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 (up to 75 days after symptom onset) compared to antibody levels in 1548 individuals whose blood samples were obtained prior to the pandemic.<br><br>RESULTS: Between 14-28 days from onset of symptoms, IgG, IgA, or IgM antibody responses to RBD were all accurate in identifying recently infected individuals, with 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 97%, 91%, and 81% respectively. Although the estimated median time to becoming seropositive was similar across isotypes, IgA and IgM antibodies against RBD were short-lived with most individuals estimated to become seronegative again by 51 and 47 days after symptom onset, respectively. IgG antibodies against RBD lasted longer and persisted through 75 days post-symptoms. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 RBD were highly correlated with neutralizing antibodies targeting the S protein. No cross-reactivity of the SARS-CoV-2 RBD-targeted antibodies was observed with several known circulating coronaviruses, HKU1, OC 229 E, OC43, and NL63.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Among symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cases, RBD-targeted antibodies can be indicative of previous and recent infection. IgG antibodies are correlated with neutralizing antibodies and are possibly a correlate of protective immunity.},
}
@article {pmid32743599,
year = {2020},
author = {Conklin, J and Frosch, MP and Mukerji, S and Rapalino, O and Maher, M and Schaefer, PW and Lev, MH and Gonzalez, RG and Das, S and Champion, SN and Magdamo, C and Sen, P and Harrold, GK and Alabsi, H and Normandin, E and Shaw, B and Lemieux, J and Sabeti, P and Branda, JA and Brown, EN and Westover, MB and Huang, SY and Edlow, BL},
title = {Cerebral Microvascular Injury in Severe COVID-19.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.21.20159376},
pmid = {32743599},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Microvascular lesions are common in patients with severe COVID-19. Radiologic-pathologic correlation in one case suggests a combination of microvascular hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions that may reflect an underlying hypoxic mechanism of injury, which requires validation in larger studies.<br><br>OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence, distribution, and clinical and histopathologic correlates of microvascular lesions in patients with severe COVID-19.<br><br>DESIGN: Observational, retrospective cohort study: March to May 2020.<br><br>SETTING: Single academic medical center.<br><br>PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients (16) admitted to the intensive care unit with severe COVID-19, undergoing brain MRI for evaluation of coma or focal neurologic deficits.<br><br>EXPOSURES: Not applicable.<br><br>MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURES: Hypointense microvascular lesions identified by a prototype ultrafast high-resolution susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) MRI sequence, counted by two neuroradiologists and categorized by neuroanatomic location. Clinical and laboratory data (most recent measurements before brain MRI). Brain autopsy and cerebrospinal fluid PCR for SARS-CoV 2 in one patient who died from severe COVID-19.<br><br>RESULTS: Eleven of 16 patients (69%) had punctate and linear SWI lesions in the subcortical and deep white matter, and eight patients (50%) had >10 SWI lesions. In 4/16 patients (25%), lesions involved the corpus callosum. Brain autopsy in one patient revealed that SWI lesions corresponded to widespread microvascular injury, characterized by perivascular and parenchymal petechial hemorrhages and microscopic ischemic lesions.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: SWI lesions are common in patients with neurological manifestations of severe COVID-19 (coma and focal neurologic deficits). The distribution of lesions is similar to that seen in patients with hypoxic respiratory failure, sepsis, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Collectively, these radiologic and histopathologic findings suggest that patients with severe COVID-19 are at risk for multifocal microvascular hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions in the subcortical and deep white matter.},
}
@article {pmid32743598,
year = {2020},
author = {Rice, BL and Annapragada, AV and Baker, RE and Bruijning, M and Dotse-Gborgbortsi, W and Mensah, K and Miller, IF and Motaze, NV and Raherinandrasana, A and Rajeev, M and Rakotonirina, J and Ramiadantsoa, T and Rasambainarivo, F and Yu, W and Grenfell, BT and Tatem, AJ and Metcalf, CJE},
title = {High variation expected in the pace and burden of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks across sub-Saharan Africa.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.23.20161208},
pmid = {32743598},
abstract = {A surprising feature of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to date is the low burdens reported in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries relative to other global regions. Potential explanations (e.g., warmer environments [1], younger populations [2,3,4]) have yet to be framed within a comprehensive analysis accounting for factors that may offset the effects of climate and demography. Here, we synthesize factors hypothesized to shape the pace of this pandemic and its burden as it moves across SSA, encompassing demographic, comorbidity, climatic, healthcare and intervention capacity, and human mobility dimensions of risk. We find large scale diversity in probable drivers, such that outcomes are likely to be highly variable among SSA countries. While simulation shows that extensive climatic variation among SSA population centers has little effect on early outbreak trajectories, heterogeneity in connectivity is likely to play a large role in shaping the pace of viral spread. The prolonged, asynchronous outbreaks expected in weakly connected settings may result in extended stress to health systems. In addition, the observed variability in comorbidities and access to care will likely modulate the severity of infection: We show that even small shifts in the infection fatality ratio towards younger ages, which are likely in high risk settings, can eliminate the protective effect of younger populations. We highlight countries with elevated risk of slow pace, high burden outbreaks. Empirical data on the spatial extent of outbreaks within SSA countries, their patterns in severity over age, and the relationship between epidemic pace and health system disruptions are urgently needed to guide efforts to mitigate the high burden scenarios explored here.},
}
@article {pmid32743597,
year = {2020},
author = {Geldsetzer, P and Reinmuth, M and Ouma, PO and Lautenbach, S and Okiro, EA and Bärnighausen, T and Zipf, A},
title = {Mapping physical access to healthcare for older adults in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional analysis with implications for the COVID-19 response.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.17.20152389},
pmid = {32743597},
abstract = {Background: SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is rapidly spreading across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Hospital-based care for COVID-19 is particularly often needed among older adults. However, a key barrier to accessing hospital care in SSA is travel time. To inform the geographic targeting of additional healthcare resources, this study aimed to determine the estimated travel time at a 1km × 1km resolution to the nearest hospital and to the nearest healthcare facility of any type for adults aged 60 years and older in SSA.<br><br>Methods: We assembled a unique dataset on healthcare facilities' geolocation, separately for hospitals and any type of healthcare facility (including primary care facilities) and including both private- and public-sector facilities, using data from the OpenStreetMap project and the KEMRI Wellcome Trust Programme. Population data at a 1km × 1km resolution was obtained from WorldPop. We estimated travel time to the nearest healthcare facility for each 1km × 1km raster using a cost-distance algorithm.<br><br>Findings: 9.6% (95% CI: 5.2% - 16.9%) of adults aged ≥60 years had an estimated travel time to the nearest hospital of longer than six hours, varying from 0.0% (95% CI: 0.0% - 3.7%) in Burundi and The Gambia, to 40.9% (95% CI: 31.8% - 50.7%) in Sudan. 11.2% (95% CI: 6.4% - 18.9%) of adults aged ≥60 years had an estimated travel time to the nearest healthcare facility of any type (whether primary or secondary/tertiary care) of longer than three hours, with a range of 0.1% (95% CI: 0.0% - 3.8%) in Burundi to 55.5% (95% CI: 52.8% - 64.9%) in Sudan. Most countries in SSA contained populated areas in which adults aged 60 years and older had a travel time to the nearest hospital of more than 12 hours and to the nearest healthcare facility of any type of more than six hours. The median travel time to the nearest hospital for the fifth of adults aged ≥60 years with the longest travel times was 348 minutes (IQR: 240 - 576 minutes) for the entire SSA population, ranging from 41 minutes (IQR: 34 - 54 minutes) in Burundi to 1,655 minutes (IQR: 1065 - 2440 minutes) in Gabon.<br><br>Interpretation: Our high-resolution maps of estimated travel times to both hospitals and healthcare facilities of any type can be used by policymakers and non-governmental organizations to help target additional healthcare resources, such as new make-shift hospitals or transport programs to existing healthcare facilities, to older adults with the least physical access to care. In addition, this analysis shows precisely where population groups are located that are particularly likely to under-report COVID-19 symptoms because of low physical access to healthcare facilities. Beyond the COVID-19 response, this study can inform countries' efforts to improve care for conditions that are common among older adults, such as chronic non-communicable diseases.<br><br>Funding: Bill &amp; Melinda Gates Foundation.},
}
@article {pmid32743596,
year = {2020},
author = {Plana, D and Tian, E and Cramer, AK and Yang, H and Carmack, MM and Sinha, MS and Bourgeois, FT and Yu, SH and Masse, P and Boyer, J and Kim, M and Mo, J and LeBoeuf, NR and Li, J and Sorger, PK},
title = {Assessing the quality of nontraditional N95 filtering face-piece respirators available during the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.25.20161968},
pmid = {32743596},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the current COVID-19 pandemic, supply chains for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) have been severely disrupted and many products, particularly surgical N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs; &quot;masks&quot;) are in short supply. As a consequence, an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) from the FDA has allowed importation of N95-type masks manufactured to international standards; these include KN95 masks from China and FFP2 masks from the European Union.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted a survey of mask in the inventory of major academic medical centers in Boston, MA to determine provenance and manufacturer. We then assembled a simple apparatus for performing a necessary (but not sufficient) test of filtration performance and tested masks from the inventory; an accompanying website shows how to build and use the testing apparatus.<br><br>RESULTS: Our survey showed that, seven months after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, over 100 different makes and models of N95-type masks are in the inventory of local hospitals as opposed to 2-5 models under normal circumstances. A substantial number of unfamiliar masks are from unknown manufacturers. Many did not perform to accepted standards and are likely to be counterfeit. Due to the absence of publicly available information on mask suppliers in the FDA EUA and confusing or inconsistent labeling of KN95 masks, it is difficult to distinguish legitimate and counterfeit products.<br><br>CONCLUSIONS: Many of the FFR masks available for procurement during the COVID-19 pandemic do not provide levels of fit and filtration similar to those of N95 masks and are not acceptable for use in healthcare settings. Based on these results, and in consultation with occupational health officers, we make six recommendations for end users to assist in acquiring legitimate products. In particular, institutions should always assess masks from non-traditional supply chains by checking their markings and manufacturer information against data provided by NIOSH and the latest FDA EUA Appendix A. In the absence of verifiable information on the legitimacy of mask source, institutions should consider measuring mask fit and filtration directly. We also make suggestions for U.S and Chinese regulatory agencies with regard to labeling and public disclosure aimed at increase pandemic resilience.},
}
@article {pmid32743595,
year = {2020},
author = {Lin, YT and Neumann, J and Miller, EF and Posner, RG and Mallela, A and Stafa, C and Ray, J and Thakur, G and Chinthavali, S and Hlavacek, WS},
title = {Daily Forecasting of New Cases for Regional Epidemics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 with Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.20.20151506},
pmid = {32743595},
abstract = {To increase situational awareness and support evidence-based policy-making, we formulated two types of mathematical models for COVID-19 transmission within a regional population. One is a fitting function that can be calibrated to reproduce an epidemic curve with two timescales (e.g., fast growth and slow decay). The other is a compartmental model that accounts for quarantine, self-isolation, social distancing, a non-exponentially distributed incubation period, asymptomatic individuals, and mild and severe forms of symptomatic disease. Using Bayesian inference, we have been calibrating our models daily for consistency with new reports of confirmed cases from the 15 most populous metropolitan statistical areas in the United States and quantifying uncertainty in parameter estimates and predictions of future case reports. This online learning approach allows for early identification of new trends despite considerable variability in case reporting. We infer new significant upward trends for five of the metropolitan areas starting between 19-April-2020 and 12-June-2020.},
}
@article {pmid32743594,
year = {2020},
author = {Strohbehn, GW and Heiss, BL and Rouhani, SJ and Trujillo, JA and Yu, J and Kacew, AJ and Higgs, EF and Bloodworth, JC and Cabanov, A and Wright, RC and Koziol, A and Weiss, A and Danahey, K and Karrison, TG and Edens, CC and Ventura, IB and Pettit, NN and Patel, B and Pisano, J and Strek, ME and Gajewski, TF and Ratain, MJ and Reid, PD},
title = {COVIDOSE: Low-dose tocilizumab in the treatment of Covid-19.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.20.20157503},
pmid = {32743594},
abstract = {Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6)-mediated hyperinflammation may contribute to the high mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19). Tocilizumab, an IL-6 receptor blocking monoclonal antibody, has been repurposed for Covid-19, but prospective trials and dose-finding studies in Covid-19 are lacking. Methods We conducted a phase 2 trial of low-dose tocilizumab in hospitalized adult patients with Covid-19, radiographic pulmonary infiltrate, fever, and C-reactive protein (CRP) >= 40 mg/L who did not require mechanical ventilation. Dose cohorts were determined by a trial Operations Committee, stratified by CRP and epidemiologic risk factors. A range of doses from 40 to 200 mg (low-dose tocilizumab) was evaluated, with allowance for one repeat dose at 24-48 hours. The primary objective was to assess the relationship of dose to fever resolution and CRP response. Outcomes were compared with retrospective controls with Covid-19. Correlative studies evaluating host antibody response were performed in parallel. Findings A total of 32 patients received low-dose tocilizumab. This cohort had improved fever resolution (75.0% vs. 34.2%, p = 0.001) and CRP decline (86.2% vs. 14.3%, p < 0.001) in the 24-48 hours following drug administration, as compared to the retrospective controls (N=41). The probabilities of fever resolution or CRP decline did not appear to be dose-related in this small study (p=0.80 and p=0.10, respectively). Within the 28-day follow-up, 5 (15.6%) patients died. For patients who recovered, median time to clinical recovery was 3 days (IQR, 2-5). Clinically presumed and/or cultured bacterial superinfections were reported in 5 (15.6%) patients. Correlative biological studies demonstrated that tocilizumab-treated patients produced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies comparable to controls. Interpretation Low-dose tocilizumab was associated with rapid improvement in clinical and laboratory measures of hyperinflammation in hospitalized patients with Covid-19. Results of this trial and its correlative biological studies provide rationale for a randomized, controlled trial of low-dose tocilizumab in Covid-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743593,
year = {2020},
author = {Vasudevan, V and Gnanasekaran, A and Sankar, V and Vasudevan, SA and Zou, J},
title = {Disparity in the quality of COVID-19 data reporting across India.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.20157248},
pmid = {32743593},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Transparent and accessible reporting of COVID-19 data is critical for public health efforts. Each state and union territory (UT) of India has its own mechanism for reporting COVID-19 data, and the quality of their reporting has not been systematically evaluated. We present a comprehensive assessment of the quality of COVID-19 data reporting done by the Indian state and union territory governments. This assessment informs the public health efforts in India and serves as a guideline for pandemic data reporting by other governments.<br><br>METHODS: We designed a semi-quantitative framework to assess the quality of COVID-19 data reporting done by the states and union territories of India. This framework captures four key aspects of public health data reporting - availability, accessibility, granularity, and privacy. We then used this framework to calculate a COVID-19 Data Reporting Score (CDRS, ranging from 0 to 1) for 29 states based on the quality of COVID-19 data reporting done by the state during the two-week period from 19 May to 1 June, 2020. States that reported less than 10 total confirmed cases as of May 18 were excluded from the study.<br><br>FINDINGS: Our results indicate a strong disparity in the quality of COVID-19 data reporting done by the state governments in India. CDRS varies from 0.61 (good) in Karnataka to 0.0 (poor) in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, with a median value of 0.26. Only ten states provide a visual representation of the trend in COVID-19 data. Ten states do not report any data stratified by age, gender, comorbidities or districts. In addition, we identify that Punjab and Chandigarh compromised the privacy of individuals under quarantine by releasing their personally identifiable information on the official websites. Across the states, the CDRS is positively associated with the state's sustainable development index for good health and well-being (Pearson correlation: r=0.630, p=0.0003).<br><br>INTERPRETATION: The disparity in CDRS across states highlights three important findings at the national, state, and individual level. At the national level, it shows the lack of a unified framework for reporting COVID-19 data in India, and highlights the need for a central agency to monitor or audit the quality of data reporting done by the states. Without a unified framework, it is difficult to aggregate the data from different states, gain insights from them, and coordinate an effective nationwide response to the pandemic. Moreover, it reflects the inadequacy in coordination or sharing of resources among the states in India. Coordination among states is particularly important as more people start moving across states in the coming months. The disparate reporting score also reflects inequality in individual access to public health information and privacy protection based on the state of residence.<br><br>FUNDING: J.Z. is supported by NSF CCF 1763191, NIH R21 MD012867-01, NIH P30AG059307, NIH U01MH098953 and grants from the Silicon Valley Foundation and the Chan-Zuckerberg Initiative.},
}
@article {pmid32743592,
year = {2020},
author = {Graham, NR and Whitaker, AN and Strother, CA and Miles, AK and Grier, D and McElvany, BD and Bruce, EA and Poynter, ME and Pierce, KK and Kirkpatrick, BD and Stapleton, RD and An, G and Botten, JW and Crothers, JW and Diehl, SA},
title = {Kinetics and Isotype Assessment of Antibodies Targeting the Spike Protein Receptor Binding Domain of SARS-CoV-2 In COVID-19 Patients as a function of Age and Biological Sex.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.15.20154443},
pmid = {32743592},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is the newly emerged virus responsible for the global COVID-19 pandemic. There is an incomplete understanding of the host humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 during acute infection. Host factors such as age and sex as well the kinetics and functionality of antibody responses are important factors to consider as vaccine development proceeds. The receptor-binding domain of the CoV spike (RBD-S) protein is important in host cell recognition and infection and antibodies targeting this domain are often neutralizing. In a cross-sectional study of anti-RBD-S antibodies in COVID-19 patients we found equivalent levels in male and female patients and no age-related deficiencies even out to 93 years of age. The anti-RBD-S response was evident as little as 6 days after onset of symptoms and for at least 5 weeks after symptom onset. Anti-RBD-S IgG, IgM, and IgA responses were simultaneously induced within 10 days after onset, but isotype-specific kinetics differed such that anti-RBD-S IgG was most sustained over a 5-week period. The kinetics and magnitude of neutralizing antibody formation strongly correlated with that seen for anti-RBD-S antibodies. Our results suggest age- and sex- related disparities in COVID-19 fatalities are not explained by anti-RBD-S responses. The multi-isotype anti-RBD-S response induced by live virus infection could serve as a potential marker by which to monitor vaccine-induced responses.},
}
@article {pmid32743591,
year = {2020},
author = {Lofgren, SMM and Nicol, MR and Bangdiwala, AS and Pastick, KA and Okafor, EC and Skipper, CP and Pullen, MF and Engen, NW and Abassi, M and Williams, DA and Nascene, AA and Axelrod, ML and Lother, SA and MacKenzie, LJ and Drobot, G and Marten, N and Cheng, MP and Zarychanshi, R and Schwartz, IS and Silverman, M and Chagla, Z and Kelley, LE and McDonald, EG and Lee, TC and Hullsiek, KH and Boulware, DR and Rajasingham, R},
title = {Safety of Hydroxychloroquine among Outpatient Clinical Trial Participants for COVID-19.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.16.20155531},
pmid = {32743591},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Use of hydroxychloroquine in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, especially in combination with azithromycin, has raised safety concerns. Here, we report safety data from three outpatient randomized clinical trials.<br><br>METHODS: We conducted three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials investigating hydroxychloroquine as pre-exposure prophylaxis, post-exposure prophylaxis and early treatment for COVID-19. We excluded individuals with contraindications to hydroxychloroquine. We collected side effects and serious adverse events. We report descriptive analyses of our findings.<br><br>RESULTS: We enrolled 2,795 participants. The median age of research participants was 40 (IQR 34-49) years, and 59% (1633/2767) reported no chronic medical conditions. Overall 2,324 (84%) participants reported side effect data, and 638 (27%) reported at least one medication side effect. Side effects were reported in 29% with daily, 36% with twice weekly, 31% with once weekly hydroxychloroquine compared to 19% with placebo. The most common side effects were upset stomach or nausea (25% with daily, 18% with twice weekly, 16% with weekly, vs. 10% for placebo), followed by diarrhea, vomiting, or abdominal pain (23% for daily, 16% twice weekly, 12% weekly, vs. 6% for placebo). Two individuals were hospitalized for atrial arrhythmias, one on placebo and one on twice weekly hydroxychloroquine. No sudden deaths occurred.<br><br>CONCLUSION: Data from three outpatient COVID-19 trials demonstrated that gastrointestinal side effects were common but mild with the use of hydroxychloroquine, while serious side effects were rare. No deaths occurred related to hydroxychloroquine. Randomized clinical trials can safely investigate whether hydroxychloroquine is efficacious for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743590,
year = {2020},
author = {McGregor, R and Chauss, D and Freiwald, T and Yan, B and Wang, L and Nova-Lamperti, E and Zhang, Z and Teague, H and West, EE and Bibby, J and Kelly, A and Malik, A and Freeman, AF and Schwartz, D and Portilla, D and John, S and Lavender, P and Lionakis, MS and Mehta, NN and Kemper, C and Cooper, N and Lombardi, G and Laurence, A and Kazemian, M and Afzali, B},
title = {An autocrine Vitamin D-driven Th1 shutdown program can be exploited for COVID-19.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.18.210161},
pmid = {32743590},
abstract = {Pro-inflammatory immune responses are necessary for effective pathogen clearance, but cause severe tissue damage if not shut down in a timely manner 1,2 . Excessive complement and IFN-γ-associated responses are known drivers of immunopathogenesis 3 and are among the most highly induced immune programs in hyper-inflammatory SARS-CoV2 lung infection 4 . The molecular mechanisms that govern orderly shutdown and retraction of these responses remain poorly understood. Here, we show that complement triggers contraction of IFN-γ producing CD4 + T helper (Th) 1 cell responses by inducing expression of the vitamin D (VitD) receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1, the enzyme that activates VitD, permitting T cells to both activate and respond to VitD. VitD then initiates the transition from pro-inflammatory IFN-γ + Th1 cells to suppressive IL-10 + Th1 cells. This process is primed by dynamic changes in the epigenetic landscape of CD4 + T cells, generating superenhancers and recruiting c-JUN and BACH2, a key immunoregulatory transcription factor 5-7 . Accordingly, cells in psoriatic skin treated with VitD increased BACH2 expression, and BACH2 haplo-insufficient CD4 + T cells were defective in IL-10 production. As proof-of-concept, we show that CD4 + T cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with COVID-19 are Th1-skewed and that VDR is among the top regulators of genes induced by SARS-CoV2. Importantly, genes normally down-regulated by VitD were de-repressed in CD4 + BALF T cells of COVID-19, indicating that the VitD-driven shutdown program is impaired in this setting. The active metabolite of VitD, alfacalcidol, and cortico-steroids were among the top predicted pharmaceuticals that could normalize SARS-CoV2 induced genes. These data indicate that adjunct therapy with VitD in the context of other immunomodulatory drugs may be a beneficial strategy to dampen hyperinflammation in severe COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743589,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhang, K and Zheludev, IN and Hagey, RJ and Wu, MT and Haslecker, R and Hou, YJ and Kretsch, R and Pintilie, GD and Rangan, R and Kladwang, W and Li, S and Pham, EA and Bernardin-Souibgui, C and Baric, RS and Sheahan, TP and D Souza, V and Glenn, JS and Chiu, W and Das, R},
title = {Cryo-electron Microscopy and Exploratory Antisense Targeting of the 28-kDa Frameshift Stimulation Element from the SARS-CoV-2 RNA Genome.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.18.209270},
pmid = {32743589},
abstract = {Drug discovery campaigns against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are beginning to target the viral RNA genome 1, 2 . The frameshift stimulation element (FSE) of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is required for balanced expression of essential viral proteins and is highly conserved, making it a potential candidate for antiviral targeting by small molecules and oligonucleotides 3-6 . To aid global efforts focusing on SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting, we report exploratory results from frameshifting and cellular replication experiments with locked nucleic acid (LNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), which support the FSE as a therapeutic target but highlight difficulties in achieving strong inactivation. To understand current limitations, we applied cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and the Ribosolve 7 pipeline to determine a three-dimensional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 FSE, validated through an RNA nanostructure tagging method. This is the smallest macromolecule (88 nt; 28 kDa) resolved by single-particle cryo-EM at subnanometer resolution to date. The tertiary structure model, defined to an estimated accuracy of 5.9 Å, presents a topologically complex fold in which the 5' end threads through a ring formed inside a three-stem pseudoknot. Our results suggest an updated model for SARS-CoV-2 frameshifting as well as binding sites that may be targeted by next generation ASOs and small molecules.},
}
@article {pmid32743588,
year = {2020},
author = {Patterson, EI and Elia, G and Grassi, A and Giordano, A and Desario, C and Medardo, M and Smith, SL and Anderson, ER and Prince, T and Patterson, GT and Lorusso, E and Lucente, MS and Lanave, G and Lauzi, S and Bonfanti, U and Stranieri, A and Martella, V and Basano, FS and Barrs, VR and Radford, AD and Agrimi, U and Hughes, GL and Paltrinieri, S and Decaro, N},
title = {Evidence of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats and dogs from households in Italy.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.21.214346},
pmid = {32743588},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 originated in animals and is now easily transmitted between people. Sporadic detection of natural cases in animals alongside successful experimental infections of pets, such as cats, ferrets and dogs, raises questions about the susceptibility of animals under natural conditions of pet ownership. Here we report a large-scale study to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection in 817 companion animals living in northern Italy, sampled at a time of frequent human infection. No animals tested PCR positive. However, 3.4% of dogs and 3.9% of cats had measurable SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers, with dogs from COVID-19 positive households being significantly more likely to test positive than those from COVID-19 negative households. Understanding risk factors associated with this and their potential to infect other species requires urgent investigation.<br><br>One Sentence Summary: SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in pets from Italy.},
}
@article {pmid32743587,
year = {2020},
author = {Sztain, T and Amaro, R and McCammon, JA},
title = {Elucidation of cryptic and allosteric pockets within the SARS-CoV-2 protease.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.23.218784},
pmid = {32743587},
abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe, posing an urgent health concern. Many quests to computationally identify treatments against the virus rely on in silico small molecule docking to experimentally determined structures of viral proteins. One limit to these approaches is that protein dynamics are often unaccounted for, leading to overlooking transient, druggable conformational states. Using Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics to enhance sampling of conformational space, we identified cryptic pockets within the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, including some within regions far from the active site and assed their druggability. These pockets can aid in virtual screening efforts to identify a protease inhibitor for the treatment of COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743586,
year = {2020},
author = {Pham, TH and Qiu, Y and Zeng, J and Xie, L and Zhang, P},
title = {A deep learning framework for high-throughput mechanism-driven phenotype compound screening.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.211235},
pmid = {32743586},
abstract = {Target-based high-throughput compound screening dominates conventional one-drug-one-gene drug discovery process. However, the readout from the chemical modulation of a single protein is poorly correlated with phenotypic response of organism, leading to high failure rate in drug development. Chemical-induced gene expression profile provides an attractive solution to phenotype-based screening. However, the use of such data is currently limited by their sparseness, unreliability, and relatively low throughput. Several methods have been proposed to impute missing values for gene expression datasets. However, few existing methods can perform de novo chemical compound screening. In this study, we propose a mechanism-driven neural network-based method named DeepCE (Deep Chemical Expression) which utilizes graph convolutional neural network to learn chemical representation and multi-head attention mechanism to model chemical substructure-gene and gene-gene feature associations. In addition, we propose a novel data augmentation method which extracts useful information from unreliable experiments in L1000 dataset. The experimental results show that DeepCE achieves the superior performances not only in de novo chemical setting but also in traditional imputation setting compared to state-of-the-art baselines for the prediction of chemical-induced gene expression. We further verify the effectiveness of gene expression profiles generated from DeepCE by comparing them with gene expression profiles in L1000 dataset for downstream classification tasks including drug-target and disease predictions. To demonstrate the value of DeepCE, we apply it to patient-specific drug repurposing of COVID-19 for the first time, and generate novel lead compounds consistent with clinical evidences. Thus, DeepCE provides a potentially powerful framework for robust predictive modeling by utilizing noisy omics data as well as screening novel chemicals for the modulation of systemic response to disease.},
}
@article {pmid32743585,
year = {2020},
author = {Yee, M and Cohen, ED and Haak, J and Dylag, AM and O'Reilly, MA},
title = {Neonatal hyperoxia enhances age-dependent expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in mice.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.22.215962},
pmid = {32743585},
abstract = {The severity of COVID-19 lung disease is higher in the elderly and people with pre-existing co-morbidities. People who were born preterm may be at greater risk for COVID-19 because their early exposure to oxygen at birth increases their risk of being hospitalized when infected with RSV and other respiratory viruses. Our prior studies in mice showed how high levels of oxygen (hyperoxia) between postnatal days 0-4 increases the severity of influenza A virus infections by reducing the number of alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells. Because AT2 cells express the SARS-CoV-2 receptors angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2) and transmembrane protease/serine subfamily member 2 (TMPRSS2), we expected their expression would decline as AT2 cells were depleted by hyperoxia. Instead, we made the surprising discovery that expression of Ace2 and Tmprss2 mRNA increases as mice age and is accelerated by exposing mice to neonatal hyperoxia. ACE2 is primarily expressed at birth by airway Club cells and becomes detectable in AT2 cells by one year of life. Neonatal hyperoxia increases ACE2 expression in Club cells and makes it detectable in 2-month-old AT2 cells. This early and increased expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors was not seen in adult mice who had been administered the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO during hyperoxia. Our finding that early life insults such as hyperoxia enhances the age-dependent expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors in the respiratory epithelium helps explain why COVID-19 lung disease is greater in the elderly and people with pre-existing co-morbidities.},
}
@article {pmid32743584,
year = {2020},
author = {Silvas, JA and Jureka, AS and Nicolini, AM and Chvatal, SA and Basler, CF},
title = {Inhibitors of VPS34 and lipid metabolism suppress SARS-CoV-2 replication.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.18.210211},
pmid = {32743584},
abstract = {Therapeutics targeting replication of SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are urgently needed. Coronaviruses rely on host membranes for entry, establishment of replication centers and egress. Compounds targeting cellular membrane biology and lipid biosynthetic pathways have previously shown promise as antivirals and are actively being pursued as treatments for other conditions. Here, we tested small molecule inhibitors that target membrane dynamics or lipid metabolism. Included were inhibitors of the PI3 kinase VPS34, which functions in autophagy, endocytosis and other processes; Orlistat, an inhibitor of lipases and fatty acid synthetase, is approved by the FDA as a treatment for obesity; and Triacsin C which inhibits long chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases. VPS34 inhibitors, Orlistat and Triacsin C inhibited virus growth in Vero E6 cells and in the human airway epithelial cell line Calu-3, acting at a post-entry step in the virus replication cycle. Of these the VPS34 inhibitors exhibit the most potent activity.},
}
@article {pmid32743583,
year = {2020},
author = {Salahudeen, AA and Choi, SS and Rustagi, A and Zhu, J and de la O, SM and Flynn, RA and Margalef-Català, M and Santos, AJM and Ju, J and Batish, A and van Unen, V and Usui, T and Zheng, GXY and Edwards, CE and Wagar, LE and Luca, V and Anchang, B and Nagendran, M and Nguyen, K and Hart, DJ and Terry, JM and Belgrader, P and Ziraldo, SB and Mikkelsen, TS and Harbury, PB and Glenn, JS and Garcia, KC and Davis, MM and Baric, RS and Sabatti, C and Amieva, MR and Blish, CA and Desai, TJ and Kuo, CJ},
title = {Progenitor identification and SARS-CoV-2 infection in long-term human distal lung organoid cultures.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.27.212076},
pmid = {32743583},
abstract = {The distal lung contains terminal bronchioles and alveoli that facilitate gas exchange and is affected by disorders including interstitial lung disease, cancer, and SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 pneumonia. Investigations of these localized pathologies have been hindered by a lack of 3D in vitro human distal lung culture systems. Further, human distal lung stem cell identification has been impaired by quiescence, anatomic divergence from mouse and lack of lineage tracing and clonogenic culture. Here, we developed robust feeder-free, chemically-defined culture of distal human lung progenitors as organoids derived clonally from single adult human alveolar epithelial type II (AT2) or KRT5+ basal cells. AT2 organoids exhibited AT1 transdifferentiation potential, while basal cell organoids progressively developed lumens lined by differentiated club and ciliated cells. Organoids consisting solely of club cells were not observed. Upon single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq), alveolar organoids were composed of proliferative AT2 cells; however, basal organoid KRT5+ cells contained a distinct ITGA6+ITGB4+ mitotic population whose proliferation segregated to a TNFRSF12Ahi subfraction. Clonogenic organoid growth was markedly enriched within the TNFRSF12A hi subset of FACS-purified ITGA6 + ITGB4 + basal cells from human lung or derivative organoids. In vivo, TNFRSF12A + cells comprised ~10% of KRT5 + basal cells and resided in clusters within terminal bronchioles. To model COVID-19 distal lung disease, we everted the polarity of basal and alveolar organoids to rapidly relocate differentiated club and ciliated cells from the organoid lumen to the exterior surface, thus displaying the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 on the outwardly-facing apical aspect. Accordingly, basal and AT2 apical-out organoids were infected by SARS-CoV-2, identifying club cells as a novel target population. This long-term, feeder-free organoid culture of human distal lung alveolar and basal stem cells, coupled with single cell analysis, identifies unsuspected basal cell functional heterogeneity and exemplifies progenitor identification within a slowly proliferating human tissue. Further, our studies establish a facile in vitro organoid model for human distal lung infectious diseases including COVID-19-associated pneumonia.},
}
@article {pmid32743582,
year = {2020},
author = {Haun, BK and Lai, CY and Williams, CA and Wong, TA and Lieberman, MM and Pessaint, L and Andersen-Elyard, H and Lehrer, AT},
title = {CoVaccine HT™ adjuvant potentiates robust immune responses to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 immunisation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.24.220715},
pmid = {32743582},
abstract = {The current COVID-19 pandemic has claimed hundreds of thousands of lives and its causative agent, SARS-CoV-2, has infected millions, globally. The highly contagious nature of this respiratory virus has spurred massive global efforts to develop vaccines at record speeds. In addition to enhanced immunogen delivery, adjuvants may greatly impact protective efficacy of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. To investigate adjuvant suitability, we formulated protein subunit vaccines consisting of the recombinant S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein alone or in combination with either CoVaccine HT™ or Alhydrogel. CoVaccine HT™ induced high titres of antigen-binding IgG after a single dose, facilitated affinity maturation and class switching to a greater extent than Alhydrogel and elicited potent cell-mediated immunity as well as virus neutralising antibody titres. Data presented here suggests that adjuvantation with CoVaccine HT™ can rapidly induce a comprehensive and protective immune response to SARS-CoV-2.},
}
@article {pmid32743581,
year = {2020},
author = {Mansbach, RA and Chakraborty, S and Nguyen, K and Montefiori, D and Korber, B and Gnanakaran, S},
title = {The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Variant D614G Favors an Open Conformational State.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.26.219741},
pmid = {32743581},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic underwent a rapid transition with the emergence of a SARS-CoV-2 variant that carried the amino acid substitution D614G in the Spike protein that became globally prevalent. The G-form is both more infectious in vitro and associated with increased viral loads in infected people. To gain insight into the mechanism underlying these distinctive characteristics, we employed multiple replicas of microsecond all-atom simulations to probe the molecular-level impact of this substitution on Spike closed and open states. The open state enables Spike interactions with its human cellular receptor, ACE2. Here we show that changes in the inter-protomer energetics due to the D614G substitution favor a higher population of infection-capable (open) states. The inter-protomer interactions between S1 and S2 subunits in the open state of the D-form are asymmetric. This asymmetry is resolved in the G-form due to the release of tensile hydrogen bonds resulting in an increased population of open conformations. Thus, the increased infectivity of the G-form is likely due to a higher rate of profitable binding encounters with the host receptor. It is also predicted to be more neutralization sensitive due to enhanced exposure of the receptor binding domain, a key target region for neutralizing antibodies.},
}
@article {pmid32743580,
year = {2020},
author = {Wu, NC and Yuan, M and Liu, H and Lee, CD and Zhu, X and Bangaru, S and Torres, JL and Caniels, TG and Brouwer, PJM and van Gils, MJ and Sanders, RW and Ward, AB and Wilson, IA},
title = {An alternative binding mode of IGHV3-53 antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.26.222232},
pmid = {32743580},
abstract = {IGHV3-53-encoded neutralizing antibodies are commonly elicited during SARS-CoV-2 infection and target the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Such IGHV3-53 antibodies generally have a short CDR H3 due to structural constraints in binding the RBD (mode A). However, a small subset of IGHV3-53 antibodies to the RBD contain a longer CDR H3. Crystal structures of two IGHV3-53 neutralizing antibodies here demonstrate that a longer CDR H3 can be accommodated in a different binding mode (mode B). These two classes of IGHV3-53 antibodies both target the ACE2 receptor binding site, but with very different angles of approach and molecular interactions. Overall, these findings emphasize the versatility of IGHV3-53 in this common antibody response to SARS-CoV-2, where conserved IGHV3-53 germline-encoded features can be combined with very different CDR H3 lengths and light chains for SARS-CoV-2 RBD recognition and virus neutralization.},
}
@article {pmid32743579,
year = {2020},
author = {Weisblum, Y and Schmidt, F and Zhang, F and DaSilva, J and Poston, D and Lorenzi, JCC and Muecksch, F and Rutkowska, M and Hoffmann, HH and Michailidis, E and Gaebler, C and Agudelo, M and Cho, A and Wang, Z and Gazumyan, A and Cipolla, M and Luchsinger, L and Hillyer, CD and Caskey, M and Robbiani, DF and Rice, CM and Nussenzweig, MC and Hatziioannou, T and Bieniasz, PD},
title = {Escape from neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein variants.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.21.214759},
pmid = {32743579},
abstract = {Neutralizing antibodies elicited by prior infection or vaccination are likely to be key for future protection of individuals and populations against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, passively administered antibodies are among the most promising therapeutic and prophylactic anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents. However, the degree to which SARS-CoV-2 will adapt to evade neutralizing antibodies is unclear. Using a recombinant chimeric VSV/SARS-CoV-2 reporter virus, we show that functional SARS-CoV-2 S protein variants with mutations in the receptor binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain that confer resistance to monoclonal antibodies or convalescent plasma can be readily selected. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 S variants that resist commonly elicited neutralizing antibodies are now present at low frequencies in circulating SARS-CoV-2 populations. Finally, the emergence of antibody-resistant SARS-CoV-2 variants that might limit the therapeutic usefulness of monoclonal antibodies can be mitigated by the use of antibody combinations that target distinct neutralizing epitopes.},
}
@article {pmid32743578,
year = {2020},
author = {Zhao, P and Praissman, JL and Grant, OC and Cai, Y and Xiao, T and Rosenbalm, KE and Aoki, K and Kellman, BP and Bridger, R and Barouch, DH and Brindley, MA and Lewis, NE and Tiemeyer, M and Chen, B and Woods, RJ and Wells, L},
title = {Virus-Receptor Interactions of Glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 Spike and Human ACE2 Receptor.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.06.25.172403},
pmid = {32743578},
abstract = {The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 betacoronavirus, which utilizes its highly glycosylated trimeric Spike protein to bind to the cell surface receptor ACE2 glycoprotein and facilitate host cell entry. We utilized glycomics-informed glycoproteomics to characterize site-specific microheterogeneity of glycosylation for a recombinant trimer Spike mimetic immunogen and for a soluble version of human ACE2. We combined this information with bioinformatic analyses of natural variants and with existing 3D-structures of both glycoproteins to generate molecular dynamics simulations of each glycoprotein alone and interacting with one another. Our results highlight roles for glycans in sterically masking polypeptide epitopes and directly modulating Spike-ACE2 interactions. Furthermore, our results illustrate the impact of viral evolution and divergence on Spike glycosylation, as well as the influence of natural variants on ACE2 receptor glycosylation that, taken together, can facilitate immunogen design to achieve antibody neutralization and inform therapeutic strategies to inhibit viral infection.},
}
@article {pmid32743577,
year = {2020},
author = {Onabajo, OO and Banday, AR and Yan, W and Obajemu, A and Stanifer, ML and Santer, DM and Florez-Vargas, O and Piontkivska, H and Vargas, J and Kee, C and Tyrrell, DLJ and Mendoza, JL and Boulant, S and Prokunina-Olsson, L},
title = {Interferons and viruses induce a novel primate-specific isoform dACE2 and not the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.19.210955},
pmid = {32743577},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19, utilizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for entry into target cells. ACE2 has been proposed as an interferon-stimulated gene (ISG). Thus, interferon-induced variability in ACE2 expression levels could be important for susceptibility to COVID-19 or its outcomes. Here, we report the discovery of a novel, primate-specific isoform of ACE2, which we designate as deltaACE2 (dACE2). We demonstrate that dACE2, but not ACE2, is an ISG. In vitro, dACE2, which lacks 356 N-terminal amino acids, was non-functional in binding the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and as a carboxypeptidase. Our results reconcile current knowledge on ACE2 expression and suggest that the ISG-type induction of dACE2 in IFN-high conditions created by treatments, inflammatory tumor microenvironment, or viral co-infections is unlikely to affect the cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 and promote infection.},
}
@article {pmid32743576,
year = {2020},
author = {Quijano-Rubio, A and Yeh, HW and Park, J and Lee, H and Langan, RA and Boyken, SE and Lajoie, MJ and Cao, L and Chow, CM and Miranda, MC and Wi, J and Hong, HJ and Stewart, L and Oh, BH and Baker, D},
title = {De novo design of modular and tunable allosteric biosensors.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.18.206946},
pmid = {32743576},
abstract = {Naturally occurring allosteric protein switches have been repurposed for developing novel biosensors and reporters for cellular and clinical applications 1 , but the number of such switches is limited, and engineering them is often challenging as each is different. Here, we show that a very general class of allosteric protein-based biosensors can be created by inverting the flow of information through de novo designed protein switches in which binding of a peptide key triggers biological outputs of interest 2 . Using broadly applicable design principles, we allosterically couple binding of protein analytes of interest to the reconstitution of luciferase activity and a bioluminescent readout through the association of designed lock and key proteins. Because the sensor is based purely on thermodynamic coupling of analyte binding to switch activation, only one target binding domain is required, which simplifies sensor design and allows direct readout in solution. We demonstrate the modularity of this platform by creating biosensors that, with little optimization, sensitively detect the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2, the hIgG1 Fc domain, the Her2 receptor, and Botulinum neurotoxin B, as well as biosensors for cardiac Troponin I and an anti-Hepatitis B virus (HBV) antibody that achieve the sub-nanomolar sensitivity necessary to detect clinically relevant concentrations of these molecules. Given the current need for diagnostic tools for tracking COVID-19 3 , we use the approach to design sensors of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 protein epitopes and of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. The latter, which incorporates a de novo designed RBD binder, has a limit of detection of 15pM with an up to seventeen fold increase in luminescence upon addition of RBD. The modularity and sensitivity of the platform should enable the rapid construction of sensors for a wide range of analytes and highlights the power of de novo protein design to create multi-state protein systems with new and useful functions.},
}
@article {pmid32743575,
year = {2020},
author = {Oliveira, ASF and Ibarra, AA and Bermudez, I and Casalino, L and Gaieb, Z and Shoemark, DK and Gallagher, T and Sessions, RB and Amaro, RE and Mulholland, AJ},
title = {Simulations support the interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and suggest subtype specificity.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.16.206680},
pmid = {32743575},
abstract = {Changeux et al. recently suggested that the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein may interact with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Such interactions may be involved in pathology and infectivity. Here, we use molecular simulations of validated atomically detailed structures of nAChRs, and of the S protein, to investigate this 'nicotinic hypothesis'. We examine the binding of the Y674-R685 loop of the S protein to three nAChRs, namely the human α4β2 and α7 subtypes and the muscle-like αβγδ receptor from Tetronarce californica. Our results indicate that Y674-R685 has affinity for nAChRs and the region responsible for binding contains the PRRA motif, a four-residue insertion not found in other SARS-like coronaviruses. In particular, R682 has a key role in the stabilisation of the complexes as it forms interactions with loops A, B and C in the receptor's binding pocket. The conformational behaviour of the bound Y674-R685 region is highly dependent on the receptor subtype, adopting extended conformations in the α4β2 and α7 complexes and more compact ones when bound to the muscle-like receptor. In the α4β2 and αβγδ complexes, the interaction of Y674-R685 with the receptors forces the loop C region to adopt an open conformation similar to other known nAChR antagonists. In contrast, in the α7 complex, Y674-R685 penetrates deeply into the binding pocket where it forms interactions with the residues lining the aromatic box, namely with TrpB, TyrC1 and TyrC2. Estimates of binding energy suggest that Y674-R685, forms stable complexes with all three nAChR subtypes, but has highest affinity for the muscle-type receptor. Analyses of the simulations of the full-length S protein show that the Y674-R685 region is accessible for binding, and suggest a potential binding orientation of the S protein with nAChRs.},
}
@article {pmid32743574,
year = {2020},
author = {Kim, J and Mukherjee, A and Nelson, D and Jozic, A and Sahay, G},
title = {Rapid generation of circulating and mucosal decoy ACE2 using mRNA nanotherapeutics for the potential treatment of SARS-CoV-2.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.24.205583},
pmid = {32743574},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) enters through the airways and infects the lungs, causing lethal pulmonary damage in vulnerable patients. This virus contains spike proteins on its envelope that binds to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) expressed on the surface of airway cells, enabling entry of the virus for causing infection 1,2 . In severe cases, the virus enters the circulatory system, contributing to multiorgan failure. Soluble form of hACE2 binds to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and prevents viral entry into target cells 3 . Moreover, soluble recombinant ACE2 ameliorates lung injury 4 but its short half-life limits its therapeutic utility 5 . Here, we engineered synthetic mRNA to encode a soluble form of hACE2 (hsACE2) to prevent viral infection. Novel lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) were used to package mRNA and transfect mammalian cells for enhanced production of secreted proteins. Intravenously administered LNP led to hepatic delivery of the mRNA. This elicited secretion of hsACE2 into the blood circulation within 2 h, and levels of circulating hsACE2 peaked at 6 h and gradually decreased over several days. Since the primary site of entry and pathogenesis for SARS-CoV-2 is the lungs, we instilled LNPs into the lungs and were able to detect hsACE2 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid within 24 h and lasted for 48 h. Through co-immunoprecipitation, we found that mRNA-generated hsACE2 was able to bind with the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Furthermore, hsACE2 was able to strongly inhibit (over 90%) SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus infection. Our proof of principle study shows that mRNA-based nanotherapeutics can be potentially deployed for pulmonary and extrapulmonary neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 and open new treatment opportunities for COVID-19.},
}
@article {pmid32743573,
year = {2020},
author = {Ye, C and Chiem, K and Park, JG and Oladunni, F and Platt, RN and Anderson, T and Almazan, F and de la Torre, JC and Martinez-Sobrido, L},
title = {Rescue of SARS-CoV-2 from a single bacterial artificial chromosome.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.22.216358},
pmid = {32743573},
abstract = {An infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, causing a pandemic that has dramatically impacted public health and socioeconomic activities worldwide. A previously unknown coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been identified as the causative agent of COVID-19. To date, there are no United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines or therapeutics available for the prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or associated COVID-19 disease, which has triggered a large influx of scientific efforts to develop countermeasures to control SARS-CoV-2 spread. To contribute to these efforts, we have developed an infectious cDNA clone of the SARS-CoV-2 USA-WA1/2020 strain based on the use of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Recombinant (r)SARS-CoV-2 was readily rescued by transfection of the BAC into Vero E6 cells. Importantly, the BAC-derived rSARS-CoV-2 exhibited growth properties and plaque sizes in cultured cells comparable to those of the SARS-CoV-2 natural isolate. Likewise, rSARS-CoV-2 showed similar levels of replication to that of the natural isolate in nasal turbinates and lungs of infected golden Syrian hamsters. This is, to our knowledge, the first BAC based reverse genetics system for the generation of infectious rSARS-CoV-2 that displays similar features in vivo to that of a natural viral isolate. This SARS-CoV-2 BAC-based reverse genetics will facilitate studies addressing several important questions in the biology of SARS-CoV-2, as well as the identification of antivirals and development of vaccines for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated COVID-19 disease.},
}
@article {pmid32743572,
year = {2020},
author = {Shabalin, IG and Czub, MP and Majorek, KA and Brzezinski, D and Grabowski, M and Cooper, DR and Panasiuk, M and Chruszcz, M and Minor, W},
title = {Molecular determinants of vascular transport of dexamethasone in COVID-19 therapy.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.21.212704},
pmid = {32743572},
abstract = {Dexamethasone, a widely used corticosteroid, has recently been reported as the first drug to increase the survival chances of patients with severe COVID-19. Therapeutic agents, including dexamethasone, are mostly transported through the body by binding to serum albumin. Herein, we report the first structure of serum albumin in complex with dexamethasone. We show that it binds to Drug Site 7, which is also the binding site for commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and testosterone, suggesting potentially problematic binding competition. This study bridges structural findings with our analysis of publicly available clinical data from Wuhan and suggests that an adjustment of dexamethasone regimen should be considered for patients affected by two major COVID-19 risk-factors: low albumin levels and diabetes.},
}
@article {pmid32743571,
year = {2020},
author = {Sun, W and Leist, SR and McCroskery, S and Liu, Y and Slamanig, S and Oliva, J and Amanat, F and Schaefer, A and Dinnon, K and Garcia-Sastre, A and Krammer, F and Baric, RS and Palese, P},
title = {Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 as vaccine candidate.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1101/2020.07.26.221861},
pmid = {32743571},
abstract = {Due to the lack of protective immunity of humans towards the newly emerged SARS-CoV-2, this virus has caused a massive pandemic across the world resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths. Thus, a vaccine is urgently needed to contain the spread of the virus. Here, we describe Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vector vaccines expressing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 in its wild type or a pre-fusion membrane anchored format. All described NDV vector vaccines grow to high titers in embryonated chicken eggs. In a proof of principle mouse study, we report that the NDV vector vaccines elicit high levels of antibodies that are neutralizing when the vaccine is given intramuscularly. Importantly, these COVID-19 vaccine candidates protect mice from a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 challenge with no detectable viral titer and viral antigen in the lungs.},
}
@article {pmid32743570,
year = {2020},
author = {Ladner, JT and Henson, SN and Boyle, AS and Engelbrektson, AL and Fink, ZW and Rahee, F and D'ambrozio, J and Schaecher, KE and Stone, M and Dong, W and Dadwal, S and Yu, J and Caligiuri, MA and Cieplak, P and Bjørås, M and Fenstad, MH and Nordbø, SA and Kainov, DE and Muranaka, N and Chee, MS and Shiryaev, SA and Altin, JA},
title = {Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with an endemic human CoV.},
jo