@article {pmid32659857, year = {2020}, author = {Verleden, GM and Godinas, L and Lorent, N and Van Bleyenbergh, P and Dupont, L and Delcroix, M and Yserbyt, J and Dooms, C and Vos, R}, title = {COVID-19 in lung transplant patients: a case series.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16212}, pmid = {32659857}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {Several case reports and small case series have been published on COVID-19 infection after solid organ transplantation, however, thus far there are limited data on COVID-19 infections in lung transplant patients. In the present single center case series we discuss 10 lung transplant patients with a documented SARS-CoV-2 infection, diagnosed with nasophanryngeal swab in 8 and broncho-alveolar lavage in 2. Eight /10 patients needed hospital admission, of whom 1 in the intensive care unit. He died after 2 weeks from multiple organ failure. The remaining 9 patients recovered. Cell cycle inhibitors were withheld in all patients, whereas the calcineurin inhibitor and corticosteroids were continued at the same dose, with an acceptable outcome.}, }
@article {pmid32659855, year = {2020}, author = {Jefsen, OH and Rohde, C and Nørremark, B and Østergaard, SD}, title = {COVID-19-related self-harm and suicidality among individuals with mental disorders.}, journal = {Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/acps.13214}, pmid = {32659855}, issn = {1600-0447}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented public health emergency. Extraordinary measures have been implemented to reduce the spread of the virus, including mass quarantines and social distancing. However, these preventive measures come at a price. Economic stress, social isolation, decreased access to community activities, etc., is the new reality for a large part of the global community, and may have detrimental effects on mental health.}, }
@article {pmid32659830, year = {2020}, author = {, and , }, title = {[Addendum to S3-Guidelines Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Management of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic - open questions and answers].}, journal = {Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie}, volume = {58}, number = {7}, pages = {672-692}, doi = {10.1055/a-1193-5475}, pmid = {32659830}, issn = {1439-7803}, }
@article {pmid32659808, year = {2020}, author = {Mönkemüller, K and Rauh, P and Rickes, S}, title = {Endoscopic retrograde transabdominal ultrasound-guided bile duct drainage during COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Endoscopy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1055/a-1202-9891}, pmid = {32659808}, issn = {1438-8812}, }
@article {pmid32659783, year = {2020}, author = {Arvin, AM and Fink, K and Schmid, MA and Cathcart, A and Spreafico, R and Havenar-Daughton, C and Lanzavecchia, A and Corti, D and Virgin, HW}, title = {A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41586-020-2538-8}, pmid = {32659783}, issn = {1476-4687}, abstract = {The possibility of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease is a general concern for the development of vaccines and antibody therapies because the mechanisms that underlie antibody protection have the theoretical potential to amplify viral infections or trigger immunopathology. Observations relevant to the risks of ADE of disease require careful review at this critical point in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. At present, no clinical findings, immunologic assays or biomarkers are known to differentiate any severe viral infection from immune-enhanced disease, whether by antibodies, T cells or intrinsic host responses. In vitro systems and animal models do not predict the risk of ADE of disease, in part because protective and potentially detrimental antibody-mediated mechanisms are the same, and designing animal models depends on understanding how antiviral host responses may become harmful in people. The implications of our lack of knowledge are twofold. First, comprehensive studies are urgently needed to define clinical correlates of protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Second, since we cannot predict ADE of disease reliably after either vaccination or treatment with antibodies, regardless of what virus is the causative agent, it will be essential to depend on careful analysis of safety in humans as immune interventions for COVID-19 disease move forward.}, }
@article {pmid32659774, year = {2020}, author = {Poletti, V and Capozzolo, A}, title = {Respiratory Rehabilitation in the COVID-19 Era.}, journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases}, volume = {99}, number = {6}, pages = {461-462}, doi = {10.1159/000509558}, pmid = {32659774}, issn = {1423-0356}, }
@article {pmid32659766, year = {2020}, author = {Dicker, D and Bettini, S and Farpour-Lambert, N and Frühbeck, G and Golan, R and Goossens, G and Halford, J and O'Malley, G and Mullerova, D and Ramos Salas, X and Hassapiou, MN and Sagen, J and Woodward, E and Yumuk, V and Busetto, L}, title = {Obesity and COVID-19: The Two Sides of the Coin.}, journal = {Obesity facts}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-9}, doi = {10.1159/000510005}, pmid = {32659766}, issn = {1662-4033}, abstract = {The World Health Organization declared COVID-19, the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, a pandemic on March 12, 2020. COVID-19 is causing massive health problems and economic suffering around the world. The European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO) promptly recognised the impact that the outbreak could have on people with obesity. On one side, emerging data suggest that obesity represents a risk factor for a more serious and complicated course of COVID-19 in adults. On the other side, the health emergency caused by the outbreak diverts attention from the prevention and care of non-communicable chronic diseases to communicable diseases. This might be particularly true for obesity, a chronic and relapsing disease frequently neglected and linked to significant bias and stigmatization. The Obesity Management Task Force (OMTF) of EASO contributes in this paper to highlighting the key aspects of these two sides of the coin and suggests some specific actions.}, }
@article {pmid32659765, year = {2020}, author = {Shaw, JA and Louw, EH and Koegelenberg, CFN}, title = {Lung Ultrasound in COVID-19: Not Novel, but Necessary.}, journal = {Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1159/000509763}, pmid = {32659765}, issn = {1423-0356}, }
@article {pmid32659757, year = {2020}, author = {Fominskiy, EV and Scandroglio, AM and Monti, G and Calabrò, MG and Landoni, G and Dell'Acqua, A and Beretta, L and Moizo, E and Ravizza, A and Monaco, F and Campochiaro, C and Pieri, M and Azzolini, ML and Borghi, G and Crivellari, M and Conte, C and Mattioli, C and Silvani, P and Mucci, M and Turi, S and Tentori, S and Baiardo Redaelli, M and Sartorelli, M and Angelillo, P and Belletti, A and Nardelli, P and Nisi, FG and Valsecchi, G and Barberio, C and Ciceri, F and Serpa Neto, A and Dagna, L and Bellomo, R and Zangrillo, A and , }, title = {Prevalence, Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Invasively Ventilated COVID-19 Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Replacement Therapy.}, journal = {Blood purification}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1159/000508657}, pmid = {32659757}, issn = {1421-9735}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is no information on acute kidney injury (AKI) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) among invasively ventilated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Western healthcare systems.
OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence, characteristics, risk factors and outcome of AKI and CRRT among invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: Observational study in a tertiary care hospital in Milan, Italy.
RESULTS: Among 99 patients, 72 (75.0%) developed AKI and 17 (17.7%) received CRRT. Most of the patients developed stage 1 AKI (33 [45.8%]), while 15 (20.8%) developed stage 2 AKI and 24 (33.4%) a stage 3 AKI. Patients who developed AKI or needed CRRT at latest follow-up were older, and among CRRT treated patients a greater proportion had preexisting CKD. Hospital mortality was 38.9% for AKI and 52.9% for CRRT patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Among invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients, AKI is very common and CRRT use is common. Both carry a high risk of in-hospital mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32659729, year = {2020}, author = {Buda, N and Segura-Grau, E and Cylwik, J and Wełnicki, M}, title = {Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of COVID-19 infection - A case series and review of the literature.}, journal = {Advances in medical sciences}, volume = {65}, number = {2}, pages = {378-385}, doi = {10.1016/j.advms.2020.06.005}, pmid = {32659729}, issn = {1898-4002}, abstract = {COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and spreading worldwide has become a serious challenge for the entire health care system as regards infection prevention, rapid diagnosis, and treatment. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a dynamically developing diagnostic method used in intensive care, cardiology and nephrology, it can also be helpful in diagnosing and monitoring pneumonia. Interstitial pneumonia appears to be the most common clinical manifestation of coronavirus infection. We present 4 case reports of COVID-19 involving the lungs, in which transthoracic lung ultrasound was successfully utilized as a constituent of bedside diagnostics and a review of the literature concerning potential use of LUS in COVID-19 diagnostics. The possibility to perform this examination repeatedly, its non-invasiveness and high sensitivity make it an important element of care provided for patients with viral pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid32659713, year = {2020}, author = {Trémeaux, P and Lhomme, S and Abravanel, F and Raymond, S and Mengelle, C and Mansuy, JM and Izopet, J}, title = {Evaluation of the Aptima™ transcription-mediated amplification assay (Hologic®) for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical specimens.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104541}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104541}, pmid = {32659713}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which appeared in late 2019, has been limited by isolating infected individuals. However, identifying such individuals requires accurate diagnostic tools.
OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the capacity of the Aptima™ Transcription-Mediated Amplification (TMA) assay (Hologic® Panther System) to detect the virus in clinical samples.
STUDY DESIGN: We compared the Aptima™ assay to two in-house real-time RT-PCR techniques, one running on the Panther Fusion™ module and the other on the MagNA Pure 96 and Light-Cycler 480 instruments. We included a total of 200 respiratory specimens: 100 tested prospectively and 100 retrospectively (25 -ve/75 +ve).
RESULTS: The final Cohen's kappa coefficients were: κ = 0.978 between the Aptima™ and Panther Fusion™ assays, κ = 0.945 between the Aptima™ and MagNA/LC480 assays and κ = 0.956 between the MagNA/LC480 and Panther Fusion™ assays.
CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that the Aptima™ SARS-CoV-2 TMA assay data agree well with those obtained with our routine methods and that this assay can be used to diagnose coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, }
@article {pmid32659712, year = {2020}, author = {Görzer, I and Buchta, C and Chiba, P and Benka, B and Camp, JV and Holzmann, H and Puchhammer-Stöckl, E and Aberle, SW}, title = {First results of a national external quality assessment scheme for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104537}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104537}, pmid = {32659712}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Broad and decentralised testing of SARS-CoV-2 RNA genomes is a WHO-recommended strategy to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic by identifying infected cases in order to minimize onward transmission. With the need to increase the test capacities in Austria, nation-wide numerous laboratories rapidly implemented assays for molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 based on real-time RT-PCR assays. The objective of this study was to monitor reliability of the laboratory results for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection through an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme.
METHODS: For this, the Center for Virology, Medical University of Vienna was tasked by the Federal Ministry of Social Affairs, Health, Care and Consumer Protection to perform the first Austrian EQA on SARS-CoV-2 which was organised in cooperation with the Austrian Association for Quality Assurance and Standardization of Medical and Diagnostic Tests (ÖQUASTA). Data were analysed on the basis of qualitative outcome of testing in relation to the nucleic acid (NA) extraction and detection methods used.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 52 laboratories participated, contributing results from 67 test panels comprising 42 distinct combinations of NA extraction and PCR reagents. By testing 3 positive (CT values: S1, 28.4; S2, 33.6; S3, 38.5) and 1 negative sample, no false-positive results were obtained by any of the laboratories. Otherwise, 40/67 tests (60 %) detected all positive samples correctly as positive, but 25/67 tests (37 %) did not detect the weakest positive sample (S3), and 3 % reported S2 and S3 as false-negative. Improvement in test sensitivity by focusing on NA extraction and/or PCR-based detection is recommended.}, }
@article {pmid32659710, year = {2020}, author = {Serrano, MM and Rodríguez, DN and Palop, NT and Arenas, RO and Córdoba, MM and Mochón, MDO and Cardona, CG}, title = {Comparison of commercial lateral flow immunoassays and ELISA for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104529}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104529}, pmid = {32659710}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has spread worldwide since December 2019. Serological tests for SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing are needed for detection of current or past infections. A wide range of commercial tests is available. However, most of them need to be validated.
STUDY DESIGN: The aim was to compare a commercial IgG and IgA ELISA (Euroimmun) with three lateral flow immunoassays (LFI): Hangzhou Alltest Biotech, Wuhan UNscience Biotechnology and Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech. Specificity was calculated with 62 available serum samples from 2018/19. The study included 152 sera from patients of which 109 were RT-PCR positive. Sensitivities for ELISA anti SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgA were 81.5 % and 93.1 % and specificities 100 % and 80.6 %, respectively. LFI showed variable performances, overall results being better for Guangzhou Wondfo Biotech.
CONCLUSIONS: Commercial serological tests are useful for detection of antibodies in patients with COVID-19. ELISA presented better results than LFI. The results allowed to incorporate the most sensitive LFI to the daily workflow, combining with ELISA. Careful validation is encouraged before clinical laboratories start using these tests.}, }
@article {pmid32659709, year = {2020}, author = {Poulikakos, D and Sinha, S and Kalra, PA}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 antibody screening in healthcare workers in a tertiary centre in North West England.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104545}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104545}, pmid = {32659709}, issn = {1873-5967}, }
@article {pmid32659695, year = {2020}, author = {Radanliev, P and De Roure, D and Walton, R}, title = {Data mining and analysis of scientific research data records on Covid-19 mortality, immunity, and vaccine development - In the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Diabetes & metabolic syndrome}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {1121-1132}, doi = {10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.063}, pmid = {32659695}, issn = {1878-0334}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Covid-19 is a global pandemic that requires a global and integrated response of all national medical and healthcare systems. Covid-19 exposed the need for timely response and data sharing on fast spreading global pandemics. In this study, we investigate the scientific research response from the early stages of the pandemic, and we review key findings on how the early warning systems developed in previous epidemics responded to contain the virus.
METHODS: We conducted data mining of scientific literature records from the Web of Science Core Collection, using the topics Covid-19, mortality, immunity, and vaccine. The individual records are analysed in isolation, and the analysis is compared with records on all Covid-19 research topics combined. The data records are analysed with commutable statistical methods, including R Studio's Bibliometrix package, and the Web of Science data mining tool.
RESULTS: From historical analysis of scientific data records on viruses, pandemics and mortality, we identified that Chinese universities have not been leading on these topics historically. However, during the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Chinese universities are strongly dominating the research on these topics. Despite the current political and trade disputes, we found strong collaboration in Covid-19 research between the US and China. From the analysis on Covid-19 and immunity, we wanted to identify the relationship between different risk factors discussed in the news media. We identified a few clusters, containing references to exercise, inflammation, smoking, obesity and many additional factors. From the analysis on Covid-19 and vaccine, we discovered that although the USA is leading in volume of scientific research on Covid-19 vaccine, the leading 3 research institutions (Fudan, Melbourne, Oxford) are not based in the USA. Hence, it is difficult to predict which country would be first to produce a Covid-19 vaccine.
CONCLUSIONS: We analysed the conceptual structure maps with factorial analysis and multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), and identified multiple relationships between keywords, synonyms and concepts, related to Covid-19 mortality, immunity, and vaccine development. We present integrated and corelated knowledge from 276 records on Covid-19 and mortality, 71 records on Covid-19 and immunity, and 189 records on Covid-19 vaccine.}, }
@article {pmid32659694, year = {2020}, author = {Wicaksana, AL and Hertanti, NS and Ferdiana, A and Pramono, RB}, title = {Diabetes management and specific considerations for patients with diabetes during coronavirus diseases pandemic: A scoping review.}, journal = {Diabetes & metabolic syndrome}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {1109-1120}, doi = {10.1016/j.dsx.2020.06.070}, pmid = {32659694}, issn = {1878-0334}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The global pandemic of coronavirus (COVID-19) affects almost all countries in the world, which potentially alter diabetes management. Many diabetes patients are experiencing barrier of care due to the policy related to COVID-19. This article aims to review the current evidence on diabetes management and specific considerations during the COVID-19 pandemic for people living with diabetes.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review in PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ and Microsoft Academics databases from January 1 to April 17, 2020. Searching terms included "COVID-19", "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2", and "Diabetes Mellitus" were used. Only scientific articles discussing diabetes management and specific considerations were selected and extracted.
RESULTS: A total of 7 articles was selected in the analysis. Most were published in diabetes journals (85.71%). All articles (100%) discussed diabetes management and 71.43% of them provided diabetes care in specific considerations. We discussed issue of diabetes management in glycemic control and monitoring, dietary intake, physical activity, medication, education and prevention of COVID-19 infection that applicable for diabetes patients. In addition, specific considerations explored caring for diabetes in children and adolescents, pregnancy, elderly, emergency or critical care, to offer certain concern for raising the awareness.
CONCLUSIONS: This review specifies a summary of diabetes management as well as the particular considerations to care people living with diabetes during COVID-19 pandemic. Patients, health care providers, and policy makers could take advantage of the review to assist diabetic people passing through COVID-19 pandemic session with optimum glycemic outcome.}, }
@article {pmid32659658, year = {2020}, author = {Singh, S and Dixit, A and Joshi, G}, title = {"Is compulsive social media use amid COVID-19 pandemic addictive behavior or coping mechanism?.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102290}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102290}, pmid = {32659658}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32659656, year = {2020}, author = {Nair, VS and Banerjee, D}, title = {The heterogeneity of grief in India during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the national lockdown.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102249}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102249}, pmid = {32659656}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32659655, year = {2020}, author = {Banerjee, D and Rao, TSS and Kallivayalil, RA and Javed, A}, title = {Revisiting 'The Plague' by Camus: Shaping the 'social absurdity' of the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102291}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102291}, pmid = {32659655}, issn = {1876-2026}, abstract = {COVID-19 has emerged as a global health threat. The catastrophic reaction to a pandemic in spite of knowing the deadly outcomes, has been referred to as the 'social absurdity'. Such reaction creates a negativistic outlook with regard to the infection, thus contributing to chaos and preventing containment. In this article, the current pandemic of COVID-19 is revisited through the lens of Camus' 'La Peste, 1947'. The philosophical roots of social 'absurdity' during a pandemic are critically discussed in the context of death anxiety. Subsequently, ways of reshaping it are highlighted, borrowing from the theories of existentialism and positive psychology.}, }
@article {pmid32659638, year = {2020}, author = {Badrfam, R and Zandifar, A}, title = {From encephalitis lethargica to COVID-19: Is there another epidemic ahead?.}, journal = {Clinical neurology and neurosurgery}, volume = {196}, number = {}, pages = {106065}, doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106065}, pmid = {32659638}, issn = {1872-6968}, }
@article {pmid32659620, year = {2020}, author = {Nuovo, GJ and Magro, C and Mikhail, A}, title = {Cytologic and molecular correlates of SARS-CoV-2 infection of the nasopharynx.}, journal = {Annals of diagnostic pathology}, volume = {48}, number = {}, pages = {151565}, doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151565}, pmid = {32659620}, issn = {1532-8198}, abstract = {Infection by SARS-CoV-2 commonly begins in the nasopharynx, and the cytologic and molecular correlates are not characterized. Fifty-eight cytologic preps (20 oral and 38 from the nasopharynx) were obtained from ten patients and analyzed in a blinded fashion for SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope protein by immunohistochemistry and viral RNA by in situ hybridization. qRTPCR identified three positive cases and seven controls; the three cases reported mild symptoms that resolved in 2-3 days. Blinded analyses confirmed the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike and envelope proteins and viral RNA in the three cases and viral absence in the seven controls. A signal for the positive cases was evident in each nasopharyngeal and none of the oral samples. Viral RNA/proteins localized exclusively to glandular cells and was present in high copy number. Blinded analysis of the cytology documented that the glandular cells infected by SARS-CoV-2 showed marked degeneration with ciliocytophthoria; viral inclusions were not evident. Co-expression analysis showed viral infected cells had increased apoptosis, marked by strong expression of activated caspase 3. Weekly serial testing of two of the cases showed persistence of productive viral infection for up to 2 weeks after symptom onset. It is concluded that the target cell of SARS-CoV-2 in the head and neck region is the glandular cell of the nasal passages, that viral infection is lytic and associated with high copy number that facilitates viral spread. The method outlines a simple, rapid test for productive SARS-CoV-2 based on immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization of the glandular cells from the nasopharynx.}, }
@article {pmid32659612, year = {2020}, author = {Pier, MM and Pasick, LJ and Benito, DA and Alnouri, G and Sataloff, RT}, title = {Otolaryngology-related Google Search trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {American journal of otolaryngology}, volume = {41}, number = {6}, pages = {102615}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102615}, pmid = {32659612}, issn = {1532-818X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To assess trends of Google Search queries for symptoms and complaints encountered commonly in otolaryngology practices during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic when in-person care has been limited.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, data on Google Search queries in the United States for 30 otolaryngology-related terms were obtained from Google Trends. The means of relative search volume from the COVID-19 period (March 29, 2020 through May 16, 2020) were compared to similar periods from 2016 to 2019 using a t-test of two independent samples.
RESULTS: In total, 16.6% of search terms had significant increases in relative search volume during the COVID-19 period, with the largest percentage increase for "can't smell" (124.4%, p = .006), followed by "allergies" (30.3%, p = .03), "voice pain" (26.1%, p = .008), and "ears ringing" (19.0%, p < .001). Of all search terms, 26.7% had significant decreases in relative search volume, including the largest percentage decrease for "laryngitis" (59.8%, p < .001), followed by "thyroid nodule" (54.4%, p < .001), "thyroid cancer" (45.6%, p < .001), and "ENT" (34.9%, p < .001).
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that Google search activity for many otolaryngology-related terms during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased or decreased significantly as compared to previous years. With reduced access to in-office otolaryngology care in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, these are important considerations for otolaryngology practices to meet the needs of patients who lack access to care.}, }
@article {pmid32659609, year = {2020}, author = {Manning, JT and Fink, B}, title = {Sex differences in the relationship between digit ratio (2D:4D) and national case fatality rates for COVID-19: A reply to Sahin (2020).}, journal = {Early human development}, volume = {148}, number = {}, pages = {105120}, doi = {10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2020.105120}, pmid = {32659609}, issn = {1872-6232}, }
@article {pmid32659559, year = {2020}, author = {Street, R and Malema, S and Mahlangeni, N and Mathee, A}, title = {Wastewater surveillance for Covid-19: An African perspective.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {743}, number = {}, pages = {140719}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140719}, pmid = {32659559}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has once again highlighted the importance of access to sufficient quantities of safe water and sanitation in public health. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, an early warning wastewater system has been proposed as a platform for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance, and a potentially important public health strategy to combat the disease. This short communication on wastewater surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa highlights challenges, opportunities and alternatives taken into account the local context.}, }
@article {pmid32659536, year = {2020}, author = {Fowler, K and Wholeben, M}, title = {COVID-19: Outcomes for trauma-impacted nurses and nursing students.}, journal = {Nurse education today}, volume = {93}, number = {}, pages = {104525}, doi = {10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104525}, pmid = {32659536}, issn = {1532-2793}, }
@article {pmid32659519, year = {2020}, author = {Xiao, C and Wang, G}, title = {Letter to the editor: Mental health work in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: What progress have we made so far and what is the next step?.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric research}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {122-123}, doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.05.023}, pmid = {32659519}, issn = {1879-1379}, }
@article {pmid32659514, year = {2020}, author = {Schnitzer, M and Schöttl, SE and Kopp, M and Barth, M}, title = {COVID-19 stay-at-home order in Tyrol, Austria: sports and exercise behaviour in change?.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {185}, number = {}, pages = {218-220}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.042}, pmid = {32659514}, issn = {1476-5616}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate differences in the frequency and types of engagement in sports before, during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) stay-at-home order in Tyrol, Austria.
STUDY DESIGN: A representative population survey was conducted.
METHODS: A sample of Tyroleans (N = 511) was questioned by a market research institute via an online questionnaire or telephone survey.
RESULTS: During the stay-at-home order, participants engaged less in sports than before and after the restrictions. However, within-group analyses revealed increasing sport participation in less active groups when comparing the pre- and post-COVID-19 period.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite the restrictions during the stay-at-home order, respondents did engage in sports and promoted their health. Nevertheless, it is still necessary to investigate the long-term effects of the COVID-19 crisis on sports and exercise behaviour as well as the extent to which sports policy measures may be able increase sports participation.}, }
@article {pmid32659508, year = {2020}, author = {Azarpazhooh, MR and Amiri, A and Morovatdar, N and Steinwender, S and Rezaei Ardani, A and Yassi, N and Biller, J and Stranges, S and Tokazebani Belasi, M and Neya, SK and Khorram, B and Sheikh Andalibi, MS and Arsang-Jang, S and Mokhber, N and Di Napoli, M}, title = {Correlations between COVID-19 and burden of dementia: An ecological study and review of literature.}, journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences}, volume = {416}, number = {}, pages = {117013}, doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.117013}, pmid = {32659508}, issn = {1878-5883}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Current evidence on the association between COVID-19 and dementia is sparse. This study aims to investigate the associations between COVID-19 caseload and the burden of dementia.
METHODS: We gathered data regarding burden of dementia (disability-adjusted life years [DALYs] per 100,000), life expectancy, and healthy life expectancy (HALE) from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study. We obtained COVID-19 data from Our World in Data database. We analyzed the association of COVID-19 cases and deaths with the burden of dementia using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.
RESULTS: Globally, we found significant positive (p < .001) correlations between life expectancy (r = 0.60), HALE (r = 0.58), and dementia DALYs (r = 0.46) with COVID-19 caseloads. Likewise, we found similar correlations between life expectancy (r = 0.60), HALE (r = 0.58) and dementia DALYs (r = 0.54) with COVID-19 mortality.
CONCLUSION: Health policymakers should clarify a targeted model of disease surveillance in order to reduce the dual burden of dementia and COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32659504, year = {2020}, author = {Tartari, E and Hopman, J and Allegranzi, B and Gao, B and Widmer, A and Cheng, VC and Wong, SC and Marimuthu, K and Ogunsola, F and Voss, A and , }, title = {Perceived Challenges of COVID-19 Infection Prevention and Control Preparedness: A Multinational Survey.}, journal = {Journal of global antimicrobial resistance}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jgar.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32659504}, issn = {2213-7173}, }
@article {pmid32659475, year = {2020}, author = {Angelis, V and Tippu, Z and Joshi, K and Reis, S and Gronthoud, F and Fribbens, C and Okines, A and Stanway, S and Cottier, E and McGrath, S and Watkins, D and Noble, J and Bhosle, J and Gerlinger, M and Hamid, I and Soliman, H and Nenclares, P and Jones, R and Harrington, K and Gennatas, S}, title = {Defining the true impact of coronavirus disease 2019 in the at-risk population of patients with cancer.}, journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)}, volume = {136}, number = {}, pages = {99-106}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2020.06.027}, pmid = {32659475}, issn = {1879-0852}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, cancer centres in the United Kingdom and Europe re-organised their services at an unprecedented pace, and many patients with cancer have had their treatments severely disrupted. Patients with cancer were considered at high risk on sparse evidence, and despite a small number of emerging observational studies, the true incidence and impact of COVID-19 in the 'at-risk' population of patients with cancer is yet to be defined.
METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical data were collected prospectively for patients attending the Royal Marsden Hospital and three network hospitals between March 1st and April 30th 2020 that were confirmed to have Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Significance of clinical and pathological characteristics was assessed using the Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test, whilst univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to further assess risk. The number of patients attending in March/April 2020 for face-to-face attendances was also extracted.
FINDINGS: During the 2-month study period, 867 of 13,489 (6.4%) patients met the criteria leading to swab testing. Of the total at-risk population, only 113 of 13,489 (0.84%) were swab positive, 101 of 13,489 (0.75%) required hospital admission and 29 of 13,489 (0.21%) died of COVID-19. Of the patients that attended the hospital to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy alone or in combination with other therapy, 59 of 2001 (2.9%) were admitted to the hospital for COVID-19-related issues and 20 of 2001 (1%) died. Of the patients that collected targeted treatments, 16 of 1126 (1.4%) were admitted and 1 of 1126 (0.1%) died. Of the 11 patients that had received radiotherapy, 6 of 1042 (0.6%) required inpatient admission and 2 of 1042 (0.2%) died.
INTERPRETATIONS: Administration of systemic anticancer therapy appears to be associated with a modest risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Based on this snapshot taken as the first wave of COVID-19 hit our practice, we conclude that continuation of active cancer treatment, even in the palliative setting, is appropriate.}, }
@article {pmid32659462, year = {2020}, author = {Luan, YY and Liu, Y and Liu, XY and Yu, BJ and Chen, RL and Peng, M and Ren, D and Li, HL and Huang, L and Liu, Y and Li, JX and Feng, YW and Wu, M}, title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) associated coagulopathy and its impact on outcomes in Shenzhen, China: A retrospective cohort study.}, journal = {Thrombosis research}, volume = {195}, number = {}, pages = {62-68}, doi = {10.1016/j.thromres.2020.07.015}, pmid = {32659462}, issn = {1879-2472}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Early detection of suspected critical patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is very important for the treatment of patients. This study aimed to investigate the role of COVID-19 associated coagulopathy (CAC) to preview and triage.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A cohort study was designed from government designated COVID-19 treatment center. CAC was defined as International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) score ≥2. Data from 117 patients COVID-19 were reviewed on admission. The primary and secondary outcomes were admission to Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the use of mechanical ventilation, vital organ dysfunction, discharges of days 14, 21 and 28 from admission and hospital mortality. Among them, admission to ICU was increased progressively from 16.1% in patients with non-CAC to 42.6% in patients with CAC (P < 0.01). Likely, invasive ventilation and noninvasive ventilation were increased from 1.8%, 21.4% in patients with non-CAC to 21.3%, 52.5% in patients with CAC, respectively (P < 0.01). The incidences of acute hepatic injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in non-CAC and CAC were 28.6% vs. 62.3%, 8.9% vs. 27.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). The discharges of days 14, 21 and 28 from admission were more in non-CAC than those of CAC (P < 0.05). Multiple logistic regression results showed that ISTH score ≥2 was obviously associated with the admission to ICU (OR 4.07, 95% CI 1.47-11.25 P = 0.007) and the use of mechanical ventilation (OR 5.54, 95% CI 2.01-15.28 P = 0.001) in patients with COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: All results show ISTH score ≥2 is an important indicator to preview and triage for COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32659460, year = {2020}, author = {Sahu, D and Rathod, V}, title = {Telerehabilitation during COVID 19: Shoulder rehabilitation.}, journal = {Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jse.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32659460}, issn = {1532-6500}, }
@article {pmid32659455, year = {2020}, author = {Volff, M and Tonon, D and Bourenne, J and Simeone, P and Velly, L}, title = {No added value of the modified NEWS score to predict clinical deterioration in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.008}, pmid = {32659455}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32659414, year = {2020}, author = {Bajgain, KT and Badal, S and Bajgain, BB and Santana, MJ}, title = {Prevalence of Comorbidities Among Individuals With COVID-19: A Rapid Review of current Literature.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.213}, pmid = {32659414}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {On February 11, 2020 WHO designated the name "COVID-19" for the disease caused by "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2), a novel virus that first occurred in Wuhan, China, but quickly turned into a global pandemic. As of June 29, 2020, it has claimed 502,947 lives and is present in more than 213 countries worldwide. Risks associated with acquiring the virus and with its severe outcomes have been reported in various studies, which has led health organizations and governments to develop and institute a variety of preventative and control measures. With constantly growing scientific understanding on this topic, updated information can help equip health and public sectors with the most current knowledge. In this literature review we explore the prevalence of comorbidity among individuals with COVID-19 and summarize our findings based on information available as of May 15, 2020. Overall, we found that comorbidities including Hypertension (27.4%), Diabetes (17.4%), and Cardiovascular Disease (8.9%) are quite prevalent in COVID-19 patients across major epicenters worldwide and is associated with increased disease severity but not clearly to fatality (OR 0.83, CI[0.60-0.99], p <0.05). Understanding of COVID-19 characteristics and association to common global health problems may provide support and direction to policy makers, clinicians, and researchers in developing shielding strategies to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and its severe outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid32659413, year = {2020}, author = {Böger, B and Fachi, MM and Vilhena, RO and Cobre, AF and Tonin, FS and Pontarolo, R}, title = {Systematic review with meta-analysis of the accuracy of diagnostic tests for COVID-19.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.011}, pmid = {32659413}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: . To collate the evidence on the accuracy parameters of all available diagnostic methods for detecting SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: . A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed. Searches were conducted in Pubmed and Scopus (April 2020). Studies reporting data on sensitivity or specificity of diagnostic tests for COVID-19 using any human biological sample were included.
RESULTS: . Sixteen studies were evaluated. Meta-analysis showed that computed tomography has high sensitivity (91.9% [89.8-93.7%]), but low specificity (25.1% [21.0-29.5%]). The combination of IgM and IgG antibodies demonstrated promising results for both parameters (84.5% [82.2%-86.6%]; 91.6% [86.0%-95.4%], respectively). For RT-PCR tests, rectal stools/swab, urine, and plasma were less sensitive while sputum (97.2% [90.3-99.7%]) presented higher sensitivity for detecting the virus.
CONCLUSIONS: . RT-PCR remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of COVID-19 in sputum samples. However, the combination of different diagnostic tests is highly recommended to achieve adequate sensitivity and specificity.}, }
@article {pmid32659385, year = {2020}, author = {Lamoth, F and Glampedakis, E and Boillat-Blanco, N and Oddo, M and Pagani, JL}, title = {Incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis among critically ill COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.010}, pmid = {32659385}, issn = {1469-0691}, }
@article {pmid32659378, year = {2020}, author = {Wu, J and Chen, X and Yao, S and Liu, R}, title = {Anxiety persists after recovery from acquired COVID-19 in anaesthesiologists.}, journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia}, volume = {67}, number = {}, pages = {109984}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109984}, pmid = {32659378}, issn = {1873-4529}, }
@article {pmid32659373, year = {2020}, author = {Lin, L and Luo, S and Qin, R and Yang, M and Wang, X and Yang, Q and Zhang, Y and Wang, Q and Zhu, R and Fan, H and Wang, H and Hu, Y and Wang, L and Hu, D}, title = {Long-term infection of SARS-CoV-2 changed the body's immune status.}, journal = {Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {108524}, doi = {10.1016/j.clim.2020.108524}, pmid = {32659373}, issn = {1521-7035}, abstract = {The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2-associated pneumonia, a disease called COVID-19, has caused a pandemic worldwide. To investigate the immune responses after infection of SARS-CoV-2 in non-critical patients may help to better understand the disease progression. We collected 334 confirmed COVID-19 cases including 212 still in hospital with nucleic acid test positive on halfway for SARS-CoV-2 and 122 discharged from hospital, compared specific antibodies, immune cells, and cytokine changes between the hospitalized and discharged patients. The hospitalized patients had a longer illness time compared with discharged patients. Analysis of viral loads explained long-term or persistent infection of SARS-CoV-2, which existed with the median time of 18.5 days of the positive nucleic acid test. Serum analysis showed that the specific anti-N IgG antibody was positive in all detected patients after infection of two weeks. Neutrophils, Monocytes, NK cells, and CD4+ T cells significantly increased, while total lymphocytes and CD8+ T cells decreased from non-critical hospitalized patients after longer-term infection. Further analysis of the cytokines showed that IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 from the hospitalized patients were significantly higher, indicating a potential of the increased CD4+ T cell differentiation.}, }
@article {pmid32659363, year = {2020}, author = {DeMets, DL and Fleming, TR}, title = {Achieving Effective Informed Oversight by DMCs in COVID Clinical Trials.}, journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32659363}, issn = {1878-5921}, abstract = {Best practices of Data Monitoring Committees (DMCs) in randomized clinical trials are well established. Independent oversight provided by DMCs is particularly important in trials conducted in public health emergencies, such as in HIV/AIDS or coronavirus epidemics. Special considerations are needed to enable DMCs to effectively address novel circumstances they face in such settings. In the COVID-19 pandemic, these include the remarkable speed in which data regarding benefits and risks of interventions are accumulated. DMCs must hold frequent virtual meetings, using state-of-the-art communication software that protects against risk for security breaches. Data capture and DMC reports should be focused on the most informative measures about benefits and risks. Since numerous clinical trials are being concurrently conducted in the COVID-19 setting, often addressing closely related scientific questions, structures for DMC oversight should be efficient and adequately informative. When these concurrently conducted trials are evaluating related regimens in related clinical settings, often individually underpowered for safety and having separate DMCs, processes should be implemented enabling these DMCs to share with each other emerging confidential evidence to better assess risks and benefits. Ideally a single DMC would monitor a portfolio of clinical trials or a trial with multiple arms, such as a platform trial.}, }
@article {pmid32659347, year = {2020}, author = {Saha, I and Ghosh, N and Maity, D and Sharma, N and Sarkar, JP and Mitra, K}, title = {Genome-wide analysis of Indian SARS-CoV-2 genomes for the identification of genetic mutation and SNP.}, journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {104457}, doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104457}, pmid = {32659347}, issn = {1567-7257}, abstract = {The wave of COVID-19 is a big threat to the human population. Presently, the world is going through different phases of lock down in order to stop this wave of pandemic; India being no exception. We have also started the lock down on 23rd March 2020. In this current situation, apart from social distancing only a vaccine can be the proper solution to serve the population of human being. Thus it is important for all the nations to perform the genome-wide analysis in order to identify the genetic variation in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) so that proper vaccine can be designed. This fast motivated us to analyze publicly available 566 Indian complete or near complete SARS-CoV-2 genomes to find the mutation points as substitution, deletion and insertion. In this regard, we have performed the multiple sequence alignment in presence of reference sequence from NCBI. After the alignment, a consensus sequence is build to analyze each genome in order to identify the mutation points. As a consequence, we have found 933 substitutions, 2449 deletions and 2 insertions, in total 3384 unique mutation points, in 566 genomes across 29.9 K bp. Further, it has been classified into three groups as 100 clusters of mutations (mostly deletions), 1609 point mutations as substitution, deletion and insertion and 64 SNPs. These outcomes are visualized using BioCircos and bar plots as well as plotting entropy value of each genomic location. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis has also been performed to see the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 virus in India. It also shows the wide variation in tree which indeed vivid in genomic analysis. Finally, these SNPs can be the useful target for virus classification, designing and defining the effective dose of vaccine for the heterogeneous population.}, }
@article {pmid32659343, year = {2020}, author = {Henry, BM and Benoit, S and Lippi, G and Benoit, J}, title = {Circulating plasma levels of angiotensin II and aldosterone in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A preliminary report.}, journal = {Progress in cardiovascular diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.006}, pmid = {32659343}, issn = {1873-1740}, }
@article {pmid32659342, year = {2020}, author = {Khanji, MY and Ricci, F and Patel, RS and Chahal, AA and Bhattacharyya, S and Galusko, V and Narula, J and Ionescu, A}, title = {The role of hand-held ultrasound for cardiopulmonary assessment during a pandemic.}, journal = {Progress in cardiovascular diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.003}, pmid = {32659342}, issn = {1873-1740}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, we are likely to see a significant increase in the requests for rapid assessment of cardiac function, due to the frequent pre-existence of cardiac pathologies in patients admitted to hospital, and to the emergence of specific cardiac manifestations of this infection, such as myocarditis, sepsis related cardiomyopathy, stress induced cardiomyopathy and acute coronary syndromes. Hand-held, point-of-care ultrasound (HH-POCUS) is particularly suited for the provision of rapid, focused, integrated assessments of the heart and lungs. We present a review of the indications and protocols for focused HH-POCUS use in an acute setting and formulate proposals for streamlining their application in the COVID-19 context towards guiding optimum management of these patients while at the same time allowing adherence to robust infection control measures to provide safety to both the patient and our clinical staff.}, }
@article {pmid32659311, year = {2020}, author = {Quillen, DA and Siatkowski, RM and Feldon, S and , }, title = {COVID-19 and the Ophthalmology Match.}, journal = {Ophthalmology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.07.012}, pmid = {32659311}, issn = {1549-4713}, }
@article {pmid32659293, year = {2020}, author = {Venisse, N and Peytavin, G and Bouchet, S and Gagnieu, MC and Garraffo, R and Guilhaumou, R and Solas, C and , }, title = {Concerns about pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) studies in the new therapeutic area of COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {104866}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104866}, pmid = {32659293}, issn = {1872-9096}, abstract = {In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, several drugs have been repurposed as potential candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 infection. While preliminary choices were essentially based on in vitro potency, clinical translation into effective therapies may be challenging due to unfavorable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties at the doses chosen for this new indication of COVID-19 infection. However, available pharmacokinetic and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies suffer from severe limitations leading to unreliable conclusions, especially in term of dosing optimization. In this paper we propose to highlight these limitations and to identify some of the major requirements that need to be addressed in designing PK and PK-PD studies in this era of COVID. A special attention should be paid to pre-analytical and analytical requirements and to the proper collection of covariates affecting dose-exposure relationships (co-medications, use of specific organ support techniques and other clinical and para-clinical data). We also promote the development of population PK and PK-PD models specifically dedicated to COVID-19 patients since those previously developed for other diseases (SEL, malaria, HIV) and clinical situations (steady-state, non-ICU patients) are not representative of severe patients. Therefore, implementation of well-designed PK and PD studies targeted to COVID-19 patients is urgently needed. For that purpose we call for multi-institutional collaborative work and involvement of clinical pharmacologists in multidisciplinary research consortia.}, }
@article {pmid32659292, year = {2020}, author = {Pan, X and Zhou, P and Fan, T and Wu, Y and Zhang, J and Shi, X and Shang, W and Fang, L and Jiang, X and Shi, J and Sun, Y and Zhao, S and Gong, R and Chen, Z and Xiao, G}, title = {Immunoglobulin fragment F(ab')2 against RBD potently neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 in vitro.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {104868}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104868}, pmid = {32659292}, issn = {1872-9096}, abstract = {COVID-19, which is caused by the emerging human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has become a global pandemic that poses a serious threat to human health. To date, no vaccines or specific antiviral drugs have been approved for the treatment of this disease in clinic. Herein, therapeutic antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from hyperimmune equine plasma. First, a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) was obtained in gram-level quantities through high-cell density fermentation of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Then, the binding of the RBD to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, was verified by several biochemical methods. The efficacy of the RBD in triggering antibody response in vivo was subsequently tested in both mice and equines, and the results showed that the RBD triggered high-titer neutralizing antibody production in vivo. Immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragments were prepared from equine antisera via removal of the Fc region from the immunoglobulins. Finally, a neutralization test with live virus demonstrated that RBD-specific F(ab')2 inhibited SARS-CoV-2 with an EC50 of 0.07 μg/ml and an EC80 of 0.18 μg/ml, showing a potent inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2. These results highlight RBD-specific equine immunoglobulin F(ab')2 fragment as a candidate for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32659271, year = {2020}, author = {Mattos-Silva, P and Felix, NS and Silva, PL and Robba, C and Battaglini, D and Pelosi, P and Rocco, PRM and Cruz, FF}, title = {Pros and cons of corticosteroid therapy for COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Respiratory physiology & neurobiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {103492}, doi = {10.1016/j.resp.2020.103492}, pmid = {32659271}, issn = {1878-1519}, abstract = {In December 2019, an outbreak of severe pneumonia was reported in Wuhan, China. Later described as COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), this infection caused by a virus from the Coronaviridae family (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally. Effective therapies for this new disease are urgently needed. In this short communication, we will evaluate the use of corticosteroids as an adjunctive pharmacological therapy in the management of COVID-19 and describe its pros and cons in light of the latest available evidence.}, }
@article {pmid32659267, year = {2020}, author = {Hannan, MA and Rahman, MA and Rahman, MS and Al Mamun Sohag, A and Dash, R and Hossain, KS and Farjana, M and Uddin, MJ}, title = {Intermittent fasting, a possible priming tool for host defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection: crosstalk among calorie restriction, autophagy and immune response.}, journal = {Immunology letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.imlet.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32659267}, issn = {1879-0542}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen of deadly Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic, which emerged as a major threat to public health across the world. Although there is no clear gender or socioeconomic discrimination in the incidence of COVID-19, individuals who are older adults and/or with comorbidities and compromised immunity have a relatively higher risk of contracting this disease. Since no specific drug has yet been discovered, strengthening immunity along with maintaining a healthy living is the best way to survive this disease. As a healthy practice, calorie restriction in the form of intermittent fasting (IF) in several clinical settings has been reported to promote several health benefits, including priming of the immune response. This dietary restriction also activates autophagy, a cell surveillance system that boosts up immunity. With these prevailing significance in priming host defense, IF could be a potential strategy amid this outbreak to fighting off SARS-CoV-2 infection. Currently, no review so far available proposing IF as an encouraging strategy in the prevention of COVID-19. A comprehensive review has therefore been planned to highlight the beneficial role of fasting in immunity and autophagy, that underlie the possible defense against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The COVID-19 pathogenesis and its impact on host immune response have also been briefly outlined. This review aimed at revisiting the immunomodulatory potential of IF that may constitute a promising preventive approach against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32659258, year = {2020}, author = {Nelson, R}, title = {Organisations for patients with cancer feel the brunt of COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The Lancet. Oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30389-2}, pmid = {32659258}, issn = {1474-5488}, }
@article {pmid32659241, year = {2020}, author = {Gómez, J and Melón, S and Boga, JA and Alvarez-Argüelles, ME and Rojo-Alba, S and Leal-Negredo, A and Castello-Abietar, C and Alvarez, V and Cuesta-Llavona, E and Coto, E}, title = {Capillary Electrophoresis of PCR fragments with 5´-labelled primers for testing the SARS-Cov-2.}, journal = {Journal of virological methods}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113937}, doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113937}, pmid = {32659241}, issn = {1879-0984}, abstract = {Due to the huge demand for SARS-Cov-2 determination,alternatives to the standard qtPCRtestsare potentially useful for increasing the number of samples screened. Our aim was to develop a direct fluorescent PCR capillary-electrophoresis detection of the viral genome. We validated this approach on several SARS-Cov-2 positive and negative samples.We isolated the naso-pharingealRNA from 20 positive and 10 negative samples. The cDNA was synthesised and two fragments of the SARS-Cov-2 were amplified. One of the primers for each pair was 5´-end fluorochrome labelled. The amplifications were subjected to capillary electrophoresis in ABI3130 sequencers to visualize the fluorescent peaks.The two SARS-Cov-2 fragments were successfully amplified in the positive samples, while the negative samples did not render fluorescent peaks. In conclusion, we describe and alternative method to identify the SARS-Cov-2 genome that could be scaled to the analysis of approximately 100 samples in less than 5 hours. By combining a standard PCR with capillary electrophoresis our approach would overcome the limits imposed to many labs by the qtPCR and increase the testing capacity.}, }
@article {pmid32659240, year = {2020}, author = {Goldenberger, D and Leuzinger, K and Sogaard, KK and Gosert, R and Roloff, T and Naegele, K and Cuénod, A and Mari, A and Seth-Smith, H and Rentsch, K and Hinić, V and Hirsch, HH and Egli, A}, title = {Brief validation of the novel GeneXpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 PCR assay.}, journal = {Journal of virological methods}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113925}, doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113925}, pmid = {32659240}, issn = {1879-0984}, abstract = {The clinical and epidemiologic management of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is critically dependent on molecular assays with short turn-around time. We validated the novel Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay using a commercial nucleic acid testing (Roche Cobas 6800). We found an excellent concordance over a range of SARS-CoV-2 loads and across established human coronaviruses.}, }
@article {pmid32659228, year = {2020}, author = {Liao, JM}, title = {COVID-19 Recovery Will Involve Strategy, Not Just Operational Effectiveness.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Radiology : JACR}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacr.2020.06.013}, pmid = {32659228}, issn = {1558-349X}, }
@article {pmid32659226, year = {2020}, author = {Berkowitz, KM and Goje, O and Eaton, J}, title = {IMPLEMENTATION OF UNIVERSAL TESTING FOR SARS-CoV-2 IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH INTENDED ADMISSION FOR DELIVERY.}, journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.011}, pmid = {32659226}, issn = {1097-6868}, }
@article {pmid32659225, year = {2020}, author = {Wang, X and Wang, D and He, S}, title = {The role of a cytokine storm in severe COVID-19 disease in pregnancy.}, journal = {American journal of obstetrics and gynecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajog.2020.07.010}, pmid = {32659225}, issn = {1097-6868}, }
@article {pmid32659224, year = {2020}, author = {Letícia de Oliveira Toledo, S and Sousa Nogueira, L and das Graças Carvalho, M and Romana Alves Rios, D and de Barros Pinheiro, M}, title = {COVID-19: review and hematologic impact.}, journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.016}, pmid = {32659224}, issn = {1873-3492}, abstract = {In the last decades, coronaviruses have been a major threat to public health worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 is the third known coronavirus that causes fatal respiratory diseases in humans. The initial clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infection are quite nonspecific and not all suspected patients can be tested to exclude or confirm the diagnosis. Increasing scientific evidence has shown that abnormalities in routine laboratory tests, particularly hematological tests, have the potential to indicate, in a quick, practical and economical way, the need for specific laboratory tests for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, besides assisting in the prognosis of the disease and in the optimization of its clinical monitoring. In order to address in a simple and practical way the various aspects related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, this review reports the history of the virus, the epidemiology and pathophysiology of COVID-19, with emphasis on its laboratory diagnosis, particularly in hematological changes found during the course of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid32659222, year = {2020}, author = {Klar, RT}, title = {Nurse Educators as Agents of Change in the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.}, journal = {Nursing for women's health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.nwh.2020.05.010}, pmid = {32659222}, issn = {1751-486X}, abstract = {The coronavirus pandemic caused a rapid and seismic shift in the provision of nursing education. In this commentary, I provide examples of how faculty and students at my university made the shift and what we have learned from the experience thus far.}, }
@article {pmid32659220, year = {2020}, author = {Chretien, KC and Raj, JM and Abraham, RA and Aronowitz, P and Astiz, DJ and Chheda, SG and Esquivel, EL and Garcia, MM and Ismail, N and Lane, S and McLaughlin, SE and Pereira, A and Shaheen, AW and Spencer, AL and Tartaglia, KM and Willett, LL}, title = {AAIM Recommendations for the 2020-2021 Internal Medicine Residency Application Cycle in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The American journal of medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.002}, pmid = {32659220}, issn = {1555-7162}, abstract = {This statement was released in June 2020 by the Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine to provide guidance for the 2020-2021 residency application cycle in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. While many of the recommendations are specific to this cycle, others, such as the Department Summary Letter of Evaluation, are meant to be an enduring change to the internal medicine residency application process. We realize that some schools may not yet have the tools or resources to implement the template fully this cycle and look towards collaboration within the internal medicine education community to facilitate adoption in the cycles to come.}, }
@article {pmid32659216, year = {2020}, author = {Johnson-Mann, C and Hassan, M and Johnson, S}, title = {COVID-19 pandemic highlights racial health inequities.}, journal = {The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30225-4}, pmid = {32659216}, issn = {2213-8595}, }
@article {pmid32659215, year = {2020}, author = {The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology, }, title = {COVID-19 and Racism-a double edged dagger.}, journal = {The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30243-6}, pmid = {32659215}, issn = {2213-8595}, }
@article {pmid32659214, year = {2020}, author = {Liao, D and Zhou, F and Luo, L and Xu, M and Wang, H and Xia, J and Gao, Y and Cai, L and Wang, Z and Yin, P and Wang, Y and Tang, L and Deng, J and Mei, H and Hu, Y}, title = {Haematological characteristics and risk factors in the classification and prognosis evaluation of COVID-19: a retrospective cohort study.}, journal = {The Lancet. Haematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30217-9}, pmid = {32659214}, issn = {2352-3026}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is an ongoing global pandemic. Changes in haematological characteristics in patients with COVID-19 are emerging as important features of the disease. We aimed to explore the haematological characteristics and related risk factors in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included patients with COVID-19 admitted to three designated sites of Wuhan Union Hospital (Wuhan, China). Demographic, clinical, laboratory, treatment, and outcome data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between patients with moderate, severe, and critical disease (defined according to the diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia, trial version 7, published by the National Health Commission of China). We assessed the risk factors associated with critical illness and poor prognosis. Dynamic haematological and coagulation parameters were investigated with a linear mixed model, and coagulopathy screening with sepsis-induced coagulopathy and International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation scoring systems was applied.
FINDINGS: Of 466 patients admitted to hospital from Jan 23 to Feb 23, 2020, 380 patients with COVID-19 were included in our study. The incidence of thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109 cells per L) in patients with critical disease (42 [49%] of 86) was significantly higher than in those with severe (20 [14%] of 145) or moderate (nine [6%] of 149) disease (p<0·0001). The numbers of lymphocytes and eosinophils were significantly lower in patients with critical disease than those with severe or moderate disease (p<0·0001), and prothrombin time, D-dimer, and fibrin degradation products significantly increased with increasing disease severity (p<0·0001). In multivariate analyses, death was associated with increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (≥9·13; odds ratio [OR] 5·39 [95% CI 1·70-17·13], p=0·0042), thrombocytopenia (platelet count <100 × 109 per L; OR 8·33 [2·56-27·15], p=0·00045), prolonged prothrombin time (>16 s; OR 4·94 [1·50-16·25], p=0·0094), and increased D-dimer (>2 mg/L; OR 4·41 [1·06-18·30], p=0·041). Thrombotic and haemorrhagic events were common complications in patients who died (19 [35%] of 55). Sepsis-induced coagulopathy and International Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis overt disseminated intravascular coagulation scores (assessed in 12 patients who survived and eight patients who died) increased over time in patients who died. The onset of sepsis-induced coagulopathy was typically before overt disseminated intravascular coagulation.
INTERPRETATION: Rapid blood tests, including platelet count, prothrombin time, D-dimer, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio can help clinicians to assess severity and prognosis of patients with COVID-19. The sepsis-induced coagulopathy scoring system can be used for early assessment and management of patients with critical disease.
FUNDING: National Key Research and Development Program of China.}, }
@article {pmid32659213, year = {2020}, author = {Kander, T}, title = {Coagulation disorder in COVID-19.}, journal = {The Lancet. Haematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-3026(20)30218-0}, pmid = {32659213}, issn = {2352-3026}, }
@article {pmid32659212, year = {2020}, author = {Lotta, G and Wenham, C and Nunes, J and Pimenta, DN}, title = {Community health workers reveal COVID-19 disaster in Brazil.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31521-X}, pmid = {32659212}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32659211, year = {2020}, author = {Shaigany, S and Gnirke, M and Guttmann, A and Chong, H and Meehan, S and Raabe, V and Louie, E and Solitar, B and Femia, A}, title = {An adult with Kawasaki-like multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with COVID-19.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31526-9}, pmid = {32659211}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32659210, year = {2020}, author = {Kirschenbaum, D and Imbach, LL and Ulrich, S and Rushing, EJ and Keller, E and Reimann, RR and Frauenknecht, KBM and Lichtblau, M and Witt, M and Hummel, T and Steiger, P and Aguzzi, A and Frontzek, K}, title = {Inflammatory olfactory neuropathy in two patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31525-7}, pmid = {32659210}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32659199, year = {2020}, author = {Oliviero, A and de Castro, F and Coperchini, F and Chiovato, L and Rotondi, M}, title = {COVID-19 Pulmonary and Olfactory Dysfunctions: Is the Chemokine CXCL10 the Common Denominator?.}, journal = {The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1073858420939033}, doi = {10.1177/1073858420939033}, pmid = {32659199}, issn = {1089-4098}, abstract = {COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic that emerged from East Asia and quickly spread to the rest of the world. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus causing COVID-19. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is definitely one of the main clinically relevant consequences in patients with COVID-19. Starting from the earliest reports of the COVID-19 pandemic, two peculiar neurological manifestations (namely, hyposmia/anosmia and dysgeusia) were reported in a relevant proportion of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. At present, the physiopathologic mechanisms accounting for the onset of these symptoms are not yet clarified. CXCL10 is a pro-inflammatory chemokine with a well-established role in the COVID-19-related cytokine storm and in subsequent development of ARDS. CXCL10 is also known to be involved in coronavirus-induced demyelination. On these bases, a role for CXCL10 as the common denominator between pulmonary and olfactory dysfunctions could be envisaged. The aim of the present report will be to hypothesize a role for CXCL10 in COVID-19 olfactory dysfunctions. Previous evidences supporting our hypothesis, with special emphasis to the role of CXCL10 in coronavirus-induced demyelination, the anatomical and physiological peculiarity of the olfactory system, and the available data supporting their link during COVID-19 infections, will be overviewed.}, }
@article {pmid32659196, year = {2020}, author = {Marks, JH}, title = {Beyond Disclosure: Developing Law and Policy to Tackle Corporate Influence.}, journal = {American journal of law & medicine}, volume = {46}, number = {2-3}, pages = {275-296}, doi = {10.1177/0098858820933499}, pmid = {32659196}, issn = {0098-8588}, abstract = {Corporate influence is one of the most pressing issues in public health. It cuts across many of our most intractable problems-from obesity to the opioid epidemic. Companies develop close relationships with public health agencies, research universities, academic medical centers, professional societies, and patient advocacy organizations-often funding medical research and public health interventions intended to address the very challenges these corporations are creating or exacerbating. How we view relationships with industry, including how these relationships are framed in ethical discourse, shapes our legal and policy responses to them. In recent years, fueled in part by the opioid epidemic, the ethical framing of industry relationships has begun to evolve in significant ways. But legal and policy responses have not yet caught up. In this article, I develop a temporal account of corporate influence, and legal and policy responses to corporate influence. This account clarifies the limitations and adverse effects of conflicts of interest disclosure, especially when implemented as the sole legal or policy response. Disclosure can illuminate corporate influence-but policymakers cannot and should not rely on disclosure to eliminate corporate influence or its effects. Nor should we allow disclosure to crowd out structural and systemic responses to corporate influence-including sequestration of and separation from private-sector entities.}, }
@article {pmid32659175, year = {2020}, author = {Jain, SK and Parsanathan, R}, title = {Can Vitamin D and L-Cysteine Co-Supplementation Reduce 25(OH)-Vitamin D Deficiency and the Mortality Associated with COVID-19 in African Americans?.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Nutrition}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-6}, doi = {10.1080/07315724.2020.1789518}, pmid = {32659175}, issn = {1541-1087}, abstract = {Early reports indicate an association between the severity of the COVID-19 infection and the widespread 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency known to exist in populations around the world. Vitamin D deficiency is extremely common among African American (AA) communities, where the COVID-19 infection rate is three-fold higher, and the mortality rate nearly six-fold higher, compared with rates in predominantly white communities. COVID-19 infection primarily affects the lungs and airways. Previous reports have linked 25-hydroxy vitamin D deficiency with subclinical interstitial lung disease. AA are at risk for lower cellular glutathione (GSH) levels, and GSH deficiency epigenetically impairs VD biosynthesis pathway genes. Compared with vitamin D alone, co-supplementation of vitamin D and L-cysteine (a GSH precursor) showed a better efficacy in improving levels of GSH and VD-regulatory genes at the cellular/tissue level, increasing 25(OH) vitamin D levels, and reducing inflammation biomarkers in the blood in mice studies. We propose that randomized clinical trials are needed to examine the potential of co-supplementation with anti-inflammatory antioxidants, vitamin D and L-cysteine in correcting the 25(OH)VD deficiency and preventing the 'cytokine storm,' one of the most severe consequences of infection with COVID-19, thereby preventing the adverse clinical effects of COVID-19 infection in the vulnerable AA population.}, }
@article {pmid32659152, year = {2020}, author = {Baker, TL and Greiner, JV and Maxwell-Schmidt, E and Lamothe, PH and Vesonder, M}, title = {Guidelines for Frontline Health Care Staff Safety for COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of primary care & community health}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {2150132720938046}, doi = {10.1177/2150132720938046}, pmid = {32659152}, issn = {2150-1327}, abstract = {This document establishes safety guidelines for physicians, nurses, and allied health care and facility staff who may be exposed to patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a health care facility. SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly contagious and places health care workers at risk for infection resulting in coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Physicians, nurses, and allied health care and facility staff in all frontline environments must be provided and utilize necessary personal protective equipment (PPE). It is important that health care staff adopt a universal set of guidelines in which to conduct themselves in order to minimize infection with the SARS-CoV-2 contagion. The establishment of these guidelines is necessary in this viral pandemic since such directives can create a standard of safety that is universally accepted. These guidelines establish a framework to provide consistency among health care facilities and staff from the time the staff member arrives at the health care facility until they return home. These guidelines provide a practical description of the minimum necessary protection for physicians, nurses, and allied health care and facility staff against SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32659126, year = {2020}, author = {Dashti-Khavidaki, S and Mohammadi, K and Khalili, H and Abdollahi, A}, title = {Pharmacotherapeutic considerations in solid organ transplant patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1080/14656566.2020.1790526}, pmid = {32659126}, issn = {1744-7666}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread rapidly worldwide. While there are presently a few case reports/series on COVID-19 amongst solid organ transplant (SOT) patients, there is no official guideline for the management of SOT patients.
AREAS COVERED: The authors discuss the pharmacotherapeutic management of SOT patients during the COVID-19 outbreak and provide their expert perspectives.
EXPERT OPINION: Prophylactic reduction of immunosuppression because of fear of COVID-19 is not suggested in SOT patients. With maintenance immunosuppressive regimens, corticosteroids can be continued during COVID-19. Continuing other immunosuppressive drugs with lowest effective dose/blood concentration is suggested for patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Discontinuation of antimetabolites and perhaps inhibitors of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is suggested in moderate to severe COVID-19. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) may be continued or substituted for mTOR inhibitors with lowest therapeutic concentrations in moderate to severe COVID-19. If continued in patients with COVID-19, therapeutic drug monitoring of CNIs/mTOR inhibitors and appropriate dose reduction is recommended in co-administration with protease inhibitors, hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, or interleukin (IL)-1/IL-6 receptor antagonists. Complete blood count monitoring is recommended in patients who continue taking antimetabolites or mTOR inhibitors. Dose modification/avoidance should be considered for chloroquine, atazanavir, oseltamivir, ribavirin, anakinra, and Janus associated kinase inhibitors in patients with organ function impairment.}, }
@article {pmid32659118, year = {2020}, author = {Schade, EC and Elkaddoum, R and Kourie, HR}, title = {The psychological challenges for oncological patients in times of COVID-19 pandemic: telemedicine, a solution?.}, journal = {Future oncology (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2217/fon-2020-0552}, pmid = {32659118}, issn = {1744-8301}, }
@article {pmid32659106, year = {2020}, author = {Guler, N and Siddiqui, F and Fareed, J}, title = {Is the Reason of Increased D-Dimer Levels in COVID-19 Because of ACE-2-Induced Apoptosis in Endothelium?.}, journal = {Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {1076029620935526}, doi = {10.1177/1076029620935526}, pmid = {32659106}, issn = {1938-2723}, }
@article {pmid32659100, year = {2020}, author = {Ning, AY and Cabrera, CI and D'Anza, B}, title = {Telemedicine in Otolaryngology: A Systematic Review of Image Quality, Diagnostic Concordance, and Patient and Provider Satisfaction.}, journal = {The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {3489420939590}, doi = {10.1177/0003489420939590}, pmid = {32659100}, issn = {1943-572X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Telemedicine allows for the remote delivery of patient care and has been found to have a wide range of uses in otolaryngology. In order to achieve best practices in telemedicine, a platform must be effective and both patients and providers must be satisfied with the use of technology. As telemedicine becomes more widely used in otolaryngology clinics, particularly in the face of the current COVID-19 pandemic, it is important to assess its applicability in this field. The goal of this study was to evaluate existing literature on telemedicine and assess overall image quality, diagnostic concordance, and patient and provider satisfaction with telemedicine technologies.
METHODS: A systematic review was conducted on PubMed and MEDLINE according to the PRISMA 2009 guidelines for articles from 1982 to 2019 relating to telemedicine in otolaryngology. English language studies with primary or secondary endpoints pertaining to image quality, diagnostic concordance, or patient or provider satisfaction were included. Descriptive studies, editorials, and literature reviews were excluded.
RESULTS: A total of 32 studies were included in our review. Studies assessing imaging quality and diagnostic concordance reported adequate results but with some heterogeneity. Patient and provider satisfaction were consistently high.
CONCLUSIONS: The literature supports telemedicine delivery of otorhinolaryngologic care as having achieved high rates of patient and provider satisfaction with adequate image quality and heterogeneity in diagnostic concordance. Variability in diagnostic accuracy was reported, but appears improved given proper clinical context. More standardized studies are needed specific to telemedicine in the field of otolaryngology.}, }
@article {pmid32659059, year = {2020}, author = {Bemanian, A and Ahn, KW and O'Brien, M and Rausch, DJ and Weston, B and Beyer, KMM}, title = {Investigating the Trajectory of the COVID-19 Outbreak in Milwaukee County and Projected Effects of Relaxed Distancing.}, journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin}, volume = {119}, number = {2}, pages = {84-90}, pmid = {32659059}, issn = {2379-3961}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus pandemic has placed enormous stresses on health care systems across the United States and internationally. Predictive modeling has been an important tool for projecting utilization rates and surge planning. As the initial outbreak begins to slow, questions are being raised regarding long-term coronavirus mitigation plans. This paper examines the current status of the coronavirus outbreak in Milwaukee County, Wisconsin, and simulates several scenarios where physical distancing measures are removed.
METHODS: The outbreak's doubling time, reproductive numbers at several points, and incidence curve were calculated to assess outbreak progression. Compartmental models were used to estimate the number of hospitalizations and critically ill patients in Milwaukee County if distancing policies were removed.
RESULTS: The compartmental models predict a substantial spike in cases and overwhelming medical resource utilization with an abrupt end to social distancing. Partial reduction in social distancing policies would likely result in a smaller spike, with less severe strain on available medical resources.
CONCLUSIONS: Milwaukee County remains very susceptible to a resurgence of COVID-19 cases. Removing physical distancing policies poses significant risks with regard to resource management.}, }
@article {pmid32659058, year = {2020}, author = {Hueston, WJ and Petty, EM}, title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Student Education in Wisconsin.}, journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin}, volume = {119}, number = {2}, pages = {80-82}, pmid = {32659058}, issn = {2379-3961}, }
@article {pmid32659056, year = {2020}, author = {Chandratre, S and Soman, A}, title = {COVID-19 Poses Challenges to Immigrant Physicians in the United States.}, journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin}, volume = {119}, number = {2}, pages = {77-78}, pmid = {32659056}, issn = {2379-3961}, }
@article {pmid32659055, year = {2020}, author = {Abenoza, N and Hernandez, C and Martinez, E and Mora, J and Siker, M}, title = {'Knowing What's Best': Community Partnerships Against COVID-19.}, journal = {WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin}, volume = {119}, number = {2}, pages = {76}, pmid = {32659055}, issn = {2379-3961}, }
@article {pmid32659028, year = {2020}, author = {Ahmed, O and Brockmeier, D and Lee, K and Chapman, WC and Doyle, MB}, title = {Organ Donation during the Covid-19 pandemic.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16199}, pmid = {32659028}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic is a rapidly changing circumstance with dramatic policy changes and universal efforts to deal with the initial crisis and minimize its consequences. To identify changes to organ donation and transplantation during this time, an anonymous web-based survey was distributed to 19 select organ procurement organizations (OPOs) throughout the US comparing 90-day activity during March - May 2020 and March - May 2019. 17 OPOs responded to the survey (response rate of 89.5%). Organ authorization decreased by 11% during the current pandemic (n=1379 vs n=1552, p=0.0001). Organ recovery for transplantation fell by 17% (p=0.0001) with a further 18% decrease in the number of organs transplanted (p=0.0001). Donor cause of death demonstrated a 4.5% decline in trauma but a 35% increase in substance abuse cases during the Covid-19 period. All OPOs reported significant modifications in response to the pandemic, limiting the onsite presence of staff and transitioning to telephonic approaches for donor family correspondence. Organ donation during the current climate has seen significant changes and the long-term implications of such shifts remain unclear. These trends during the Covid-19 era warrant further investigation to address unmet needs, plan for a proportionate response to the virus and mitigate the collateral impact.}, }
@article {pmid32658987, year = {2020}, author = {Petermann, M and Wyler, D}, title = {A pitfall in estimating the e ective reproductive number Rt for COVID-19.}, journal = {Swiss medical weekly}, volume = {150}, number = {}, pages = {w20307}, doi = {10.4414/smw.2020.20307}, pmid = {32658987}, issn = {1424-3997}, }
@article {pmid32658964, year = {2020}, author = {Pollock, DD and Castoe, TA and Perry, BW and Lytras, S and Wade, KJ and Robertson, DL and Holmes, EC and Boni, MF and Kosakovsky Pond, SL and Parry, R and Carlton, EJ and Wood, JLN and Pennings, PS and Goldstein, RA}, title = {Viral CpG deficiency provides no evidence that dogs were intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Molecular biology and evolution}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/molbev/msaa178}, pmid = {32658964}, issn = {1537-1719}, abstract = {Due to the scope and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic there exists a strong desire to understand where the SARS-CoV-2 virus came from and how it jumped species boundaries to humans. Molecular evolutionary analyses can trace viral origins by establishing relatedness and divergence times of viruses and identifying past selective pressures. However, we must uphold rigorous standards of inference and interpretation on this topic because of the ramifications of being wrong. Here, we dispute the conclusions of Xia (2020) that dogs are a likely intermediate host of a SARS-CoV-2 ancestor. We highlight major flaws in Xia's inference process and his analysis of CpG deficiencies, and conclude that there is no direct evidence for the role of dogs as intermediate hosts. Bats and pangolins currently have the greatest support as ancestral hosts of SARS-CoV-2, with the strong caveat that sampling of wildlife species for coronaviruses has been limited.}, }
@article {pmid32658925, year = {2020}, author = {Clark, E and Fredricks, K and Woc-Colburn, L and Bottazzi, ME and Weatherhead, J}, title = {Disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on immigrant communities in the United States.}, journal = {PLoS neglected tropical diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {7}, pages = {e0008484}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pntd.0008484}, pmid = {32658925}, issn = {1935-2735}, }
@article {pmid32658884, year = {2020}, author = {Morosini, P and Campanella, N and Lucci, G and Giorgetti, A and Lorenzetti, V and Manfrini, E and Moretti, A}, title = {[The televideoconsultation in support of home management of the patient with CoViD-19 by general practitioner: the results in some municipalities of the Marche Region.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {454-460}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33927}, pmid = {32658884}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {The lockdown of Italy, the re-orientation of many hospital departments into CoViD-19 patient care wards, the need to prevent the general practitioners from being infected has been arising the need of access to medical care in patients isolated at their homes. The specialists of the De Martinis Telemedicine Panel, addressing e-health issues, have been responding to the requests of general practitioners in 14 municipalities of Marche region, by implementing the televideoconsultation to 98 patients, 68 of whom with, certain, probable or supposed to be CoViD-19 infection. The patients were managed from remote until the symptoms were over. Sixty-five patients adhere the televideoconsultation completely and were cured, also with home oxygen therapy and other treatments additional to the standard anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs. However, they got stuck to full isolation while making use of no external human resources for health and relying entirely on the electronic prescription of their general practitioner and the help of the cohabiting family members. Two patients abandoned, including one owing to the lack of support from the cohabiting family member, and addressed themselves to the hospital care. However, they required no mechanical ventilation and were discharged being recovered within shortly. One over 90 years' old patient was hospitalised in agreement with the general practitioner for management problems. The results are discussed in relationship to the procedures put in practice, to the perspectives in the use of clinical televideoconsultation in the Italian health system, mainly in support to the primary health care, and to the limitations due to the poor development of other e-health tools such as the citizen's electronic health record.}, }
@article {pmid32658880, year = {2020}, author = {Prisco, V and Prisco, L and Donnarumma, B}, title = {[Telepsychiatry in adults and adolescents: a useful tool against CoViD-19.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {411-414}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33923}, pmid = {32658880}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {CoViD-19 is a disease caused by the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), originated from China in December 2019. In March 2020, CoViD-19 was declared a pandemic, having spread all over the word. The psychological impact of CoViD-19 disease must be recognized alongside the physical symptoms for all those affected. Furhermore quarantine for coronavirus has serious psychological side effects, such as depression and anxiety that are more likely to occur and worsen. Furhermore quarantine reduces the availability of psychiatric and psychological interventions. The evidence base for telepsychiatry is growing in adults and adolescents. A growing body of literature suggests that use of telepsychiatry to provide mental health services has the potential to remove geographic barriers between patients and providers and improves quality care. It has increased the volume of patients that physicians can reach and diagnose, as well as allowing them to treat patients.}, }
@article {pmid32658879, year = {2020}, author = {Borrelli, S and Frattolillo, V and Garofalo, C and Provenzano, M and Genualdo, R and Conte, G and Minutolo, R and De Nicola, L}, title = {[Remote patient monitoring in dialysis patients: the "change of pace" for home dialysis.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {404-410}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33922}, pmid = {32658879}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {Lockdown and self-isolation are to date the only solution to limit the spread of recent outbreak of coronavirus disease (CoViD-19), highlighting the great advantage of home dialysis in a patient otherwise forced to travel from / to the dialysis center to receive this "life-saving" treatment. Indeed, to prevent spreading of CoViD-19 infection among extremely fragile dialysis patients, as well as among dialysis workers, hemodialysis (HD) centers are adopting specific procedures ("dedicated" dialysis facilities, portable osmosis, etc.) with a great economic and organizational commitment. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) represents a type of home dialysis therapy not yet adequately implemented to date, in spite of safe and simple practice, as well as similar dialytic efficiency vs in-center hemodialysis. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) systems have been developed in automated PD (APD) cyclers in order to improve the acceptance of this dialysis method, to increase the compliance to the prescribed therapy and to control treatment adequacy. In this review we assess the potential advantages of RPM in APD, that are the chance for patients to acquire greater independence and safety in the home treatment, to allow better access to care for residents in remote areas, faster resolution of problems, reduction in hospitalizations and mortality rates, as well as time and cost saving for both the patient and the staff. The use of medical devices (sphygmomanometer, glucometer, balance, etc.), connected by wireless to the clinician's portal, might also allow a wider diffusion of incremental dialysis, an integrated therapy that combines conservative management of ESKD patients with a soft dialysis based on the residual kidney function and symptomatology, with potential prognosis and economic benefits. Although the majority of the studies are small and observational, a wider use of RPM systems is desirable to broaden the spread of home dialysis, as we learnt from Coronavirus pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32658878, year = {2020}, author = {Collecchia, G}, title = {[The virtualist].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {402-403}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33921}, pmid = {32658878}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {The CoViD-19 pandemic has changed the concept of clinic and doctor-patient relationship. Due to the risk of mutual contagion, patients in many cases were managed without direct physical contact. This resulted in a forced acceleration towards e-health and remote consultation. The onset of a new professional figure is ever closer, the virtualist, the doctor who can treat patients without direct physical contact. For this reason, new skills and organizational methods are needed to create a care approach capable of integrating technology opportunities with the traditional clinical method.}, }
@article {pmid32658877, year = {2020}, author = {Alderighi, C and Rasoini, R}, title = {[The naked king in the pandemic: about the production and communication of scientific knowledge at the time of SARS-CoV-2.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {398-401}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33920}, pmid = {32658877}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has lifted the veil about how medical knowledge is produced and disseminated. Action Bias, together with economic, academic and media-related interests, has concurred to generate and spread low-value and even unreliable information about some hypothetical therapeutic interventions for CoViD-19. Not only this "infodemic" has weakened people's ability to make informed health choices, but it also has influenced the process of new evidence generation through the violation of the equipoise principle. The CoViD-19 infodemic has further highlighted the need for reliable health information and for people to enter the process of understanding and promoting valuable research. Through a randomized controlled trial, the Informed Health Choices project has shown that it is not impossible neither quixotic to better orient people about health choices since primary school. Similar competencies should be disseminated to everyone through sources that are selected and validated for their capability of reporting evidence based health information about the effects of treatments.}, }
@article {pmid32658876, year = {2020}, author = {Santoro, E}, title = {[Information technology and digital health to support health in the time of CoViD-19.].}, journal = {Recenti progressi in medicina}, volume = {111}, number = {7}, pages = {393-397}, doi = {10.1701/3407.33919}, pmid = {32658876}, issn = {2038-1840}, abstract = {The CoViD-19 pandemic has provided the opportunity for the health care's digital revolution with the unprecedented accelerated expansion of telehealth, telemedicine and other digital health tools. Several tools have been developed and launched at national and international level to face the emergency, including tools to perform online triage, symptoms checking, video visits and remote monitoring, and to conduct local and national epidemiological surveillance studies. Artificial intelligence-based tools have also been developed to diagnose cases of CoViD-19 or to identify patients at risk. Most of these technologies have been endorsed by medical societies such as the American Medical Association and the American Academy of Family Physicians which launched specific guidelines about their use. The growth in telemedicine services and in digital health technologies could not have occurred without important telehealth regulatory changes that have occurred in some countries aimed at promoting their use to face the CoViD-19 emergency, such as the deregulation of the use of video conferencing and video chat systems to carry out video visits, and the payment parity between telehealth and in clinic care. In order to decide whether to continue using these tools even after the pandemic is over, it could be useful to perform validation and efficacy studies of these tools to study their implications on the doctor-patient relationship, to understand if the new features can be integrated with the other technological tools already in use, and if they can improve clinical practice and quality of care.}, }
@article {pmid32658868, year = {2020}, author = {Fang, X and Li, S and Yu, H and Wang, P and Zhang, Y and Chen, Z and Li, Y and Cheng, L and Li, W and Jia, H and Ma, X}, title = {Epidemiological, comorbidity factors with severity and prognosis of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Aging}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.18632/aging.103579}, pmid = {32658868}, issn = {1945-4589}, abstract = {A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in an attempt to systematically collect and evaluate the associations of epidemiological, comorbidity factors with the severity and prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the guidelines proposed by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Sixty nine publications met our study criteria, and 61 studies with more than 10,000 COVID-19 cases were eligible for the quantitative synthesis. We found that the males had significantly higher disease severity (RR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.13-1.27, P <0.001) and more prognostic endpoints. Older age was found to be significantly associated with the disease severity and six prognostic endpoints. Chronic kidney disease contributed mostly for death (RR: 7.10, 95% CI: 3.14-16.02), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for disease severity (RR: 4.20, 95% CI: 2.82-6.25), admission to intensive care unit (ICU) (RR: 5.61, 95% CI: 2.68-11.76), the composite endpoint (RR: 8.52, 95% CI: 4.36-16.65,), invasive ventilation (RR: 6.53, 95% CI: 2.70-15.84), and disease progression (RR: 7.48, 95% CI: 1.60-35.05), cerebrovascular disease for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (RR: 3.15, 95% CI: 1.23-8.04), coronary heart disease for cardiac abnormality (RR: 5.37, 95% CI: 1.74-16.54). Our study highlighted that the male gender, older age and comorbidities owned strong epidemiological evidence of associations with the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32658860, year = {2020}, author = {Wu, H and Sun, W and Huang, X and Yu, S and Wang, H and Bi, X and Sheng, J and Chen, S and Akinwunmi, B and Zhang, CJP and Ming, WK}, title = {Online Antenatal Care During The COVID-19 Pandemic: Opportunities and Challenges.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2196/19916}, pmid = {32658860}, issn = {1438-8871}, abstract = {UNSTRUCTURED: During this ongoing global Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic, people in different regions of the world have been greatly affected. Recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women face a dilemma during this period, since they need professional antenatal care while there are high infection risks of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals. Therefore, online antenatal care would be a preferable choice for these women because it could provide pregnancy-related information and online clinic consultations. In addition, online antenatal care could help to provide relatively cheaper medical services and diminish health inequality due to its convenience and cost-effectiveness, especially in developing countries or regions. However, some pregnant women will doubt the reliability of such online information. Therefore, it is important to determine how to ensure the quality of online services and establish a stable mutual trust between pregnant women and online programs. Here we report how the COVID-19 pandemic brings not only opportunities for the development and popularization of online antenatal care programs but also challenges.}, }
@article {pmid32658859, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, X and Zhang, SX and Jahanshahi, AA and Alvarez-Risco, A and Dai, H and Li, J and Ibarra, VG}, title = {Belief in Conspiracy Theory about COVID-19 Predicts Mental Health and Well-being: A Study of Healthcare Staff in Ecuador.}, journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2196/20737}, pmid = {32658859}, issn = {2369-2960}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social media are becoming hotbeds of conspiracy theories, which aim to give resolute explanations on the cause of COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, no research has investigated whether individuals' belief in conspiracy theory about COVID-19 is associated with mental health and well-being issues. This association enables an assessable channel to identify and reach people with mental health and well-being issues during the pandemic.
OBJECTIVE: We aim to provide the first evidence of belief in conspiracy theory regarding the COVID-19 virus as a predictor of the mental health and well-being of healthcare workers.
METHODS: We conducted a survey of 252 healthcare workers in Ecuador from April 10 to May 2, 2020. We analyzed the data of distress and anxiety caseness with logistic regression and life and job satisfaction with linear regression.
RESULTS: Among the sampled healthcare workers in Ecuador, 24.2% believed that the virus was developed intentionally in a lab; 32.54% experienced distress disorder, and 28.17% had anxiety disorder. Compared to healthcare workers who were not sure where the virus originated, those who believed the virus was developed intentionally in a lab were more likely to have distress disorder and anxiety disorder and had lower levels of job satisfaction and life satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper identifies belief in a COVID-19 conspiracy theory as an important predictor of distress, anxiety, and job and life satisfaction of healthcare workers. It enables mental health services to better target and help mentally vulnerable healthcare workers during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32658858, year = {2020}, author = {Wong, CKH and Wong, JYH and Tang, EHM and Au, CH and Lau, KTK and Wai, AKC}, title = {Effects of national containment measures on decelerating the increase in daily new cases of COVID-19 in 54 countries and four epicenters of pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of medical Internet research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2196/19904}, pmid = {32658858}, issn = {1438-8871}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 presents a worldwide epidemic, and various countries have responded differently in terms of containment measures to reduce disease transmission, including stay-at-home orders, curfews and lockdowns. Comparative studies are yet to be conducted to investigate the impact of these containment measures, which would be needed to facilitate public health policy-making across countries.
OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate the effects of national containment measures and policies (stay-at-home orders, curfews and lockdowns) on decelerating the increase in daily new cases (DNC) of COVID-19 in 54 countries and four epicenters of pandemic in different jurisdictions around the world.
METHODS: We reviewed the effective dates of national containment measures (stay-at-home order, curfew, or lockdown) of 54 countries and four epicenters of coronavirus pandemic (Wuhan, New York, Lombardy, and Madrid), and searched cumulative numbers of COVID-19 confirmed cases and DNC from health authorities. Data were drawn from an open, crowdsourced, daily updated COVID-19 dataset from covid.ourworldindata.org hosted by Our World in Data. We examined the trends in the % increase in DNC from 7 days before to 30 days after the effective dates of measures by continents, World Bank income classification, types of containment measure, effective dates of containment measures, sizes of confirmed cases at effective date of containment measures.
RESULTS: We included 122,366 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 54 countries, and 24,071 patients from four epicenters on the effective dates of containment measures where stay-at-home orders, curfews, or lockdowns took place between 23rd January and 11st April 2020. Stay-at-home, curfew, and lockdown were commonly commenced for countries with around 30%, 20%, and 10% increase in DNC, respectively. All three measures were found to lower the % increase in DNC to <5% within one month. 40.7% of countries had an average % increase in DNC of ≥50% over seven days prior to the commencement of containment measures, where the % increase in DNC was curbed to 10% and 5% in at most 18 days and 26 days after the implementation of containment measures, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Different national containment measures were associated with a decrease in the DNC confirmed with COVID-19 infection. Stay-at-home orders, curfews and lockdowns curbed the % increase in DNC to <5% within a month. Resurgence in cases within one month was observed in some South American countries.}, }
@article {pmid32658857, year = {2020}, author = {Smith, K and Ostinelli, E and Macdonald, O and Cipriani, A}, title = {COVID-19 and telepsychiatry: an evidence-based guidance for clinicians.}, journal = {JMIR mental health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2196/21108}, pmid = {32658857}, issn = {2368-7959}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 presents unique challenges in healthcare, including mental health care provision. Telepsychiatry can provide an alternative to face to face assessment and can also be used creatively with other technologies to enhance care, but clinicians and patients may feel underconfident about embracing this new way of working.
OBJECTIVE: The aim was to produce an open access, easy-to-consult and reliable source of information and guidance about telepsychiatry and COVID-19 using an evidence-based approach.
METHODS: We systematically searched existing English language guidelines and websites for information on telepsychiatry in the context of COVID-19 up to and including May 2020. We used broad search criteria and included pre-COVID-19 guidelines and also other digital mental health topics where relevant. We summarised the data we extracted as answers to specific clinical questions.
RESULTS: Findings from this study are presented as both a short practical checklist for clinicians and a detailed table with a full summary of all the guidelines. The summary tables are also available on an open access webpage (https://oxfordhealthbrc.nihr.ac.uk/our-work/oxppl/table-5-digital-technologies-and-telepsychiatry/) which is regularly updated. These findings reflect the strong evidence base for the use of telepsychiatry and include guidelines for many of the common concerns expressed by clinicians about practical implementation, technology, information governance and safety. Guidelines across countries differ significantly, with UK guidelines more conservative and focussed on practical implementation, and US guidelines more expansive and detailed. Guidelines on possible combination with other digital technologies such as apps, for example from the FDA, NHS Apps Library and NICE are less detailed. Several key areas were not represented. Whilst some special populations such as child and adolescent, older adult and cultural issues are specifically included, important populations such as learning disabilities, psychosis, personality disorder and eating disorders, which may present particular challenges for telepsychiatry, are not. In addition, initial consultation and follow-up sessions are not clearly distinguished. Finally, a hybrid model of care (combining telepsychiatry with other technologies and in-person care) is not explicitly covered by the existing guidelines.
CONCLUSIONS: We produced a comprehensive synthesis of guidance answering a wide range of clinical questions in telepsychiatry. This meets the urgent need for practical information for both clinicians and health care organisations who are rapidly adapting to the pandemic and implementing remote consultation. It reflects variations across countries and can be used as a basis for organisational change in the short and longer term. Providing easily accessible guidance is a first step, but will need cultural change to implement, as clinicians start to view telepsychiatry not just as a replacement, but as a parallel and complimentary form of delivering therapy, with its own advantages and benefits as well as restrictions. A combination or hybrid approach can be the most successful approach in the new world of mental health post-COVID-19 and guidance will need to expand to encompass the use of telepsychiatry in conjunction with other in-person and digital technologies, and also its use across all psychiatric disorders, not just those who are the first to access and engage with remote treatment.}, }
@article {pmid32658856, year = {2020}, author = {Zaidel, EJ and Wyss Quintana, FS and Sosa Liprandi, Á and Mendoza, I and Márquez, MF and Nuñez, E and Barbosa, M and Baranchuk, A}, title = {[Cardiac adverse effects of hydroxychloroquine and the need for tests].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {91-92}, pmid = {32658856}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658855, year = {2020}, author = {Bozzo, R and Ibelli, F and Scublinsky, D}, title = {[Cardiovascular safety of hydroxychloroquine in the COVID-19 pandemic].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {89-90}, pmid = {32658855}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658854, year = {2020}, author = {Kantor, IN and Ritacco, V}, title = {[About population tests to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {87-88}, pmid = {32658854}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658853, year = {2020}, author = {McAllister, F and Mantegazza, A and Garzón, F and Rotbaum, V and Remondino, G and Vazquez Larsson, M and Geffner, J and Rabinovich, GA and Bover, L}, title = {[Use of convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment. History and evidence].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {82-86}, pmid = {32658853}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658852, year = {2020}, author = {Azurmendi, PJ}, title = {[Are there genetic variants that can modify the course of the COVID-19 pandemic?].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {79-81}, pmid = {32658852}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658851, year = {2020}, author = {Kantor, IN}, title = {[About diagnosis, testing and prevalence of COVID-19].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {77-78}, pmid = {32658851}, issn = {1669-9106}, }
@article {pmid32658850, year = {2020}, author = {Arias-López, MDP and Mandich, V and Mosciaro, M and Ratto, ME and Chaparro Fresco, J and Boada, N and Gallesio, A and Gilardino, R}, title = {[Recommendations for resource management in intensive care units during the COVID-19 pandemic].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {67-76}, pmid = {32658850}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {This document aims to provide evidence-based recommendations to estimate the personal protective equipments (PPE), medical devices, and drugs commonly used in the Intensive Care Unit during the COVID-19 pandemic. A systematic literature review and gray literature assessment was performed, and the evidence was categorized using the GRADE methodology. Then a predictive model was built to support the estimation of resources needed during 30 days of the pandemic. In the development of these recommendations, 33 publications were included, with variable quality of evidence (low to very low quality). They refer to the use of PPE according to the risk of exposure; management and reuse of PPE, and the stock of drugs and medical devices needed for the care of patients with COVID-19. It is important to remark the difficult in estimating and managing the number of essential supplies and equipment required during a pandemic. The model allowed us to predict the resources required to provide critical care during 30 days of pandemic activity. Given the constant evolution of COVID-19, these recommendations might change as evidence evolves.}, }
@article {pmid32658849, year = {2020}, author = {Vazquez, FJ and Korin, J and Baldessari, EM and Capparelli, FJ and Gutierrez, P and Pale, C and Bocanegra, F and Grand, B and Penchasky, D and Gonzalez Alcántara, MM and Prémoli, MS and Tabares, A and Wainsztein, N and Odetto, D and Vaccaro, C and Martínez Aquino, E and Cumpian, O and Falabella, V and Antuel García, S and Saadi, J and Siccardi, M and Gándara, E}, title = {[Recommendations for the use of thromboprophylaxis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Argentina].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {65-66}, pmid = {32658849}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {Although the incidence is uncertain, some case reports suggest that COVID 19 infection is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We suggest starting prophylactic anticoagulant therapy for all patients hospitalized with a symptomatic infection with COVID-19, unless contraindicated, with enoxaparin 40 mg SC daily if creatinine clearance is greater than 30 ml/min.}, }
@article {pmid32658848, year = {2020}, author = {Maglio, I and Valdez, P and Cámera, L and Finn, B and Klein, M and Pincemin, I and Ferraro, H and Galvalisi, N and Alessandrini, G and Manera, J and Musacchio, H and Contreras, P and Garea, M and Lüthy, V and Nemerovsky, J and Baldomá, F and Cherro, A and Ranzuglia, L and Malfante, P and Salvioli, M and García, A}, title = {[Ethical guides, criteria for admission in intensive care, palliative care. Multi-society recommendations for allocation of resources during the COVID-19 pandemic].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {45-64}, pmid = {32658848}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {Guidelines on resource allocation, ethics, triage processes with admission and discharge criteria from critical care and palliative care units during the pandemia are here presented. The interdisciplinary and multi-society panel that prepared these guidelines represented by bioethicists and specialists linked to the end of life: clinicians, geriatricians, emergentologists, intensivists, and experts in palliative care and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The available information indicates that approximately 80% of people with COVID-19 will develop mild symptoms and will not require hospital care, while 15% will require intermediate or general room care, and the remaining 5% will require assistance in intensive care units. The need to think about justice and establish ethical criteria for allocation patients arise in conditions of exceeding available resources, such as outbreaks of diseases and pandemics, with transparency being the main criterion for allocation. These guides recommend general criteria for the allocation of resources relies on bioethical considerations, rooted in Human Rights and based on the value of the dignity of the human person and substantial principles such as solidarity, justice and equity. The guides are recommendations of general scope and their usefulness is to accompany and sustain the technical and scientific decisions made by the different specialists in the care of critically ill patients, but given the dynamic nature of the pandemic, a process of permanent revision and adaptation of recommendations must be ensured.}, }
@article {pmid32658847, year = {2020}, author = {Belizán, JM and Bardach, A and Cormick, G and Irazola, V and Rey, R}, title = {[Reflections on translational health research and the COVID-19 case in Argentina].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {42-44}, pmid = {32658847}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {CONICET's Translational Health Research Network is coordinating efforts to advance in translational medicine. Health researchers initiate and focus their research with the aim of improving the health and quality of life of the population. An efficient research system should address health problems relevant to the population resulting in interventions and outcomes important for patients and health professionals. Recommendations to achieve this involve large thematic areas like (a) to set research priorities; (b) to improve research methodology; (c) to make research management and regulation transparent; (d) to increase accessibility to all results; and (e) to improve research dissemination. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has been a clear demonstration of how the country's research system has united the most diverse disciplines to jointly provide solutions to address it. An active and transparent mechanism to identify priorities in the country and to unite funding and research efforts to provide solutions to those priorities is proposed. Translational health research means the joint work of the most diverse health research disciplines in order to jointly obtain efficient and effective interventions to improve the health and quality of life of the population.}, }
@article {pmid32658846, year = {2020}, author = {Bozovich, GE and Alves De Lima, A and Fosco, M and Burgos, LM and Martínez, R and Dupuy De Lôme, R and Torn, A and Sala Mercado, J}, title = {[Collateral damage of COVID-19 pandemic in private healthcare centres of Argentina].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {37-41}, pmid = {32658846}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {To contain the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), a strict nationwide lockdown has been enforced and the health systems have been reorganized to deal with this entity. During this period, changes in the care of non-infectious diseases have been observed. Our aim was to describe the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the care of non-communicable diseases. A structured retrospective survey was carried out in 31 healthcare centers affiliated with the Asociación de Clínicas, Sanatorios y Hospitales Privados de la República Argentina y Cámara de Entidades de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento. We compared data for April 2019 versus April 2020 regarding emergency room consultations, hospital admissions, invasive procedures and treatments, and bed occupancy. In April 2020, we observed a decrease in emergency room visits (75%) and hospitalizations (48%). A 62% decrease in admissions was noted for angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes and a 46% decrease in admissions for stroke and transient ischemic attack. A meaningful decrease was found in coronary angioplasties (59%) and total percutaneous interventions (65%), and also a decrease in general surgeries (73%), and cardiac surgeries (58%). Although social distancing measures are a key public health strategy to flatten the infection curve, the observed decrease in medical visits and interventions may impact negatively on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and cancer related morbidity and mortality. A collective effort is required to avoid the unintended consequences and collateral damage of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32658845, year = {2020}, author = {Basbus, L and Lapidus, MI and Martingano, I and Puga, MC and Pollán, J}, title = {[Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic marker in COVID-19].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {31-36}, pmid = {32658845}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {In December 2019, a new coronavirus was identified as the cause of an outbreak of pneumonia and respiratory distress in Wuhan, China. It was declared pandemic in March 2020. It is important to know predictors of poor outcomes in order to optimize the strategies of care in newly diagnosed patients. The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) constitutes a novel prognostic marker for oncologic, cardiovascular and infectious diseases. We aimed to assess its prognostic value in COVID-19. We evaluated a retrospective cohort of 131 patients with COVID-19 from March to May 2020. We analyzed the association of an NLR = 3 with severe COVID-19, baseline characteristics of the population and the mortality rate. The median age was 52 years, and 54% were men. 21 patients presented criteria of severe disease, 9 of them required mechanical ventilation. NLR = 3 was found in 81% (18/21) of severe patients and in 33% (36/110) of mild patients (OR = 8.74. 95% CI 2.74-27.86; p < 0.001). Age and hypertension were associated with severe disease. A mortality rate of 7% (9) was obtained. Seven of the 9 patients who died presented NLR = 3, with a significant association between mortality and NLR = 3 (p = 0.03). NLR could be used in conjunction with other predictors, as an early prognostic marker in COVID-19 given its accessibility and low cost.}, }
@article {pmid32658844, year = {2020}, author = {Carboni Bisso, I and Huespe, I and Lockhart, C and Massó, A and González Anaya, J and Hornos, M and San Román, E and Las Heras, M}, title = {[COVID-19 in the intensive care unit. Analysis of the experience during the first month of pandemic].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {25-30}, pmid = {32658844}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {This is an analysis of clinical characteristics, images findings, laboratory variables and respiratory mechanics in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during the first month of the pandemic outbreak in Buenos Aires. In this descriptive case study of a single-centre, we included all confirmed cases of COVID-19 hospitalized in intensive care unit (ICU). All cases were confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. A total of 7 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were referred to out ICU. The median age was 71 years (interquartile range 52-75), including 4 men and 3 women. Patients most common clinical manifestations were fever (7), cough (5), asthenia (4) and shortness of breath (3). Among the radiological findings, five of them showed interstitial opacities and one patient had bilateral pulmonary consolidation. Five required invasive mechanical ventilation and multiple prone sessions. None died during hospitalization, although three still remain in the ICU. According to imaging examination, 71.4% showed interstitial opacities and one patient bilateral consolidation. Five patients required invasive mechanical ventilation and multiple prone sessions. None of them died during hospitalization, although three still remain in the ICU.}, }
@article {pmid32658843, year = {2020}, author = {Ortiz, Z and Antonietti, L and Capriati, A and Ramos, S and Romero, M and Mariani, J and Ortiz, F and Pecheny, M}, title = {[Concerns and demands regarding COVID-19. Survey of health personnel].}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {16-24}, pmid = {32658843}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic affected the organization of health services and had consequences for health teams, according to the pre-existing safety and working conditions. During the first week of April 2020, a cross sectional study was carried out with a qualitative-quantitative approach. The aim was to explore the conditions determining the organizational climate: leadership, communication, institutional resources, cohesion/conflict management, and training; and how these were perceived by health personnel to deal with the pandemic. A total of 5670 healthcare workers participated in an online survey and 50 were interviewed, from all subsectors of the Argentinean health system (public, private and union-health insurance); 72.9% were women, 51.4% were physicians, and the predominant age group was under 40 years. In the qualitative sample (interviews), 52% were men, 62% were physicians, and the average age was 44.8 years. The dimensions of the organizational climate were stratified and five independent predictors of perception of conditions were identified: age, gender, tasks performed, health system subsector, and jurisdiction. The condition most frequently perceived as inadequate were the inaccessibility of institutional resources and the access to personal protective equipment was a major concern. Claims included the need of institutional strategies to support healthcare workers and of a clear and uniform communication. In conclusion, at the time of the study, the health personnel perceived serious deficits in their organizations regarding the conditions necessary to confront COVID-19, with differences among subsectors of the health system.}, }
@article {pmid32658842, year = {2020}, author = {Borracci, RA and Giglio, ND}, title = {Forecasting the effect of social distancing on COVID-19 autumn-winter outbreak in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires.}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {7-15}, pmid = {32658842}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {Forecasting the extent of the domestic health risk of epidemics by mathematical modeling is a useful tool for evaluating the feasibility of policies for controlling outbreaks. The objective of this study was to develop a time-dependent dynamic simulation model to forecast the COVID-19 autumn-winter outbreak in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, and to assess the effect of social distancing on epidemic spread. The model used was the "Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered" framework which incorporated appropriate compartments relevant to interventions such as quarantine, isolation and treatment. In a low-intervention scenario including only 2-week isolation for international travelers and their contacts, the model estimated a maximum peak of nearly 90 000 symptomatic cases for early May. For an intervention scenario with mandatory quarantine during a 5-month period, the curve of cases flattened and receded as the proportion of quarantined individuals increased. The maximum peak was expected to appear between May 8 and Jul 8 depending on the quarantine strategy, and the average number of infectious symptomatic cases were 46 840, 30 494, 23 164, 16 179, and 13 196 when 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% of the population remained in a 5-month-term continuous quarantine, respectively. Only mandatory quarantine was able to delay the maximum peak of infection and significantly reduce the total number of infected individuals and deaths at a 150-day term. The interruption of the quarantine before 120 days of its beginning could generate an even more serious outbreak 30 days later, and surpass the scarce medical resources available for the intensive care of critically-ill patients.}, }
@article {pmid32658841, year = {2020}, author = {Zylberman, V and Sanguineti, S and Pontoriero, AV and Higa, SV and Cerutti, ML and Morrone Seijo, SM and Pardo, R and Muñoz, L and Acuña Intrieri, ME and Alzogaray, VA and Avaro, MM and Benedetti, E and Berguer, PM and Bocanera, L and Bukata, L and Bustelo, MS and Campos, AM and Colonna, M and Correa, E and Cragnaz, L and Dattero, ME and Dellafiore, M and Foscaldi, S and González, JV and Guerra, LL and Klinke, S and Labanda, MS and Lauché, C and López, JC and Martínez, AM and Otero, LH and Peyric, EH and Ponziani, PF and Ramondino, R and Rinaldi, J and Rodríguez, S and Russo, JE and Russo, ML and Saavedra, SL and Seigelchifer, M and Sosa, S and Vilariño, C and López Biscayart, P and Corley, E and Spatz, L and Baumeister, EG and Goldbaum, FA}, title = {Development of a hyperimmune equine serum therapy for COVID-19 in Argentina.}, journal = {Medicina}, volume = {80 Suppl 3}, number = {}, pages = {1-6}, pmid = {32658841}, issn = {1669-9106}, abstract = {The disease named COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is currently generating a global pandemic. Vaccine development is no doubt the best long-term immunological approach, but in the current epidemiologic and health emergency there is a need for rapid and effective solutions. Convalescent plasma is the only antibody-based therapy available for COVID-19 patients to date. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) put forward a sound alternative. The new generation of processed and purified EpAbs containing highly purified F(ab')2 fragments demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated. EpAbs are easy to manufacture allowing a fast development and scaling up for a treatment. Based on these ideas, we present a new therapeutic product obtained after immunization of horses with the receptor-binding domain of the viral Spike glycoprotein. Our product shows around 50 times more potency in in vitro seroneutralization assays than the average of convalescent plasma. This result may allow us to test the safety and efficacy of this product in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to be conducted in July 2020 in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina.}, }
@article {pmid32658837, year = {2020}, author = {Garcia-Pachon, E and Zamora-Molina, L and Soler-Sempere, MJ and Baeza-Martinez, C and Grau-Delgado, J and Canto-Reig, V and Ramon-Sanchez, A and Padilla-Navas, I and Ruiz-Garcia, M and Gonzalo-Jimenez, N}, title = {Asthma prevalence in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection detected by RT-PCR not requiring hospitalization.}, journal = {Respiratory medicine}, volume = {171}, number = {}, pages = {106084}, doi = {10.1016/j.rmed.2020.106084}, pmid = {32658837}, issn = {1532-3064}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of asthma in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 has been studied and varies widely in the different series. However, the prevalence in SARS-infected patients not requiring hospitalization is not known. The objective of this study was to analyze the presence of asthma in a consecutive series of patients who tested positive in the RT-PCR assay for SARS-CoV-2 and did not require hospital admission.
METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 218 patients (58% of those who tested positive) did not require hospitalization; they had a median age of 45 years (IQR 34-57) and 57% were female. Six patients (2.8%) had a previous diagnosis of asthma. Only one patient developed a mild aggravation of asthma symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Few patients with asthma were infected by SARS-CoV-2, and this infection was not a significant cause of asthma exacerbation.}, }
@article {pmid32658829, year = {2020}, author = {Fullana, MA and Hidalgo-Mazzei, D and Vieta, E and Radua, J}, title = {Coping behaviors associated with decreased anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {80-81}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.027}, pmid = {32658829}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown might increase anxiety and depressive symptoms, but some behaviors may protect against them.
METHOD: To provide a preliminary evidence of the behaviors associated with decreased symptoms in the current COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown, we conducted a survey of 5545 adult individuals from the Spanish general population, two weeks after an official lockdown was established across the country.
RESULTS: Sixty-five percent of the sample reported anxiety or depressive symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet and not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often were the best predictors of lower levels of anxiety symptoms. Following a healthy/balanced diet, following a routine, not reading news/updates about COVID-19 very often, taking the opportunity to pursue hobbies, and staying outdoors or looking outside were the best predictors of lower levels of depressive symptoms.
LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional nature and use of sample of convenience.
CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that "simple" coping behaviors may protect against anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown.}, }
@article {pmid32658828, year = {2020}, author = {Fusar-Poli, P and Brambilla, P and Solmi, M}, title = {Learning from COVID-19 pandemic in northen italy: Impact on mental health and clinical care.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {78-79}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.028}, pmid = {32658828}, issn = {1573-2517}, }
@article {pmid32658826, year = {2020}, author = {Van Rheenen, TE and Meyer, D and Neill, E and Phillipou, A and Tan, EJ and Toh, WL and Rossell, SL}, title = {Mental health status of individuals with a mood-disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Initial results from the COLLATE project.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {69-77}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.037}, pmid = {32658826}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Physical-distancing strategies during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may be particularly detrimental to the mental health of individuals with a pre-existing mood disorder. Data on the mental health status of these individuals during the current pandemic is sparse, and their current mental health needs unclear.
METHOD: We characterised COVID-19 related lifestyle changes, primary concerns and psychological distress in n=1292 respondents self-reporting a mood disorder (either bipolar disorder or depressive disorder) and n=3167 respondents without any reported mental disorder from the COLLATE (COvid-19 and you: mentaL heaLth in AusTralia now survEy) project; an Australian national survey launched on April 1st 2020.
RESULTS: Psychological distress was heightened in the mood disorder group compared to the group with no mental disorder, with stress and depression further elevated in respondents with bipolar disorder compared to those with depressive disorder; and men with bipolar disorder having even higher levels of depression than women with bipolar disorder. Respondents with bipolar disorder were particularly concerned about financial issues associated with COVID-19 compared to those with depressive disorder and those with no mental disorder. Adverse changes to lifestyle behaviours were more prevalent in respondents with a mood disorder and linked to higher levels of distress.
LIMITATIONS: Mood disorder was self-reported and was not clinically verified.
CONCLUSIONS: Current psychological distress levels are elevated in individuals with mood disorder and are associated with maladaptive situational and lifestyle changes occurring in response to COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32658825, year = {2020}, author = {Ben-Ezra, M and Sun, S and Hou, WK and Goodwin, R}, title = {The association of being in quarantine and related COVID-19 recommended and non-recommended behaviors with psychological distress in Chinese population.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {66-68}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.026}, pmid = {32658825}, issn = {1573-2517}, }
@article {pmid32658823, year = {2020}, author = {Salazar de Pablo, G and Vaquerizo-Serrano, J and Catalan, A and Arango, C and Moreno, C and Ferre, F and Shin, JI and Sullivan, S and Brondino, N and Solmi, M and Fusar-Poli, P}, title = {Impact of coronavirus syndromes on physical and mental health of health care workers: Systematic review and meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {48-57}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.022}, pmid = {32658823}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCW) are at high risk of developing physical/mental health outcomes related to coronavirus syndromes. Nature and frequency of these outcomes are undetermined.
METHODS: PRISMA/MOOSE-compliant (PROSPERO-CRD42020180205) systematic review of Web of Science/grey literature until 15th April 2020, to identify studies reporting physical/mental health outcomes in HCW infected/exposed to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome -SARS-, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome -MERS-, Novel coronavirus -COVID-19-. Proportion random effect meta-analyses, I2 statistic, quality assessment and sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS: 115 articles were included (n=60,458 HCW, age 36.1±7.1, 77.1% female). Physical health outcomes: 75.9% HCW infected by SARS/MERS/COVID-19 reported fever (95%CI=65.9-83.7%, k=12, n=949), 47.9% cough (95%CI=39.2-56.8%, k=14, n=970), 43.6% myalgias (95%CI=31.9-56.0%, k=13, n=898), 42.3% chills (95%CI=20.2-67.9%, k=7, n=716), 41.2% fatigue (95%CI=18.2-68.8%, k=6, n=386), 34.6% headaches (95%CI=23.1-48.2%, k=11, n=893), 31.2% dyspnoea (95%CI=23.2-40.5%, k=12, n=1003), 25.3% sore throat (95%CI=18.8-33.2%, k=8, n=747), 22.2% nausea/vomiting (95%CI=14.9-31.8%, k=6, n=662), 18.8% diarrhoea (95%CI=11.9-28.4%, k=9, n=824). Mental health outcomes: 62.5% HCW exposed to SARS/MERS/COVID-19 reported general health concerns (95%CI=57.0-67,8%, k=2, n=2254), 43.7% fear (95%CI=33.9-54.0%, k=4, n=584), 37.9% insomnia (95%CI=30.9-45.5%, k=6, n=5067), 37.8% psychological distress (95%CI=28.4-48.2%, k=15, n=24,346), 34.4% burnout (95%CI=19.3-53.5%, k=3, n=1337), 29.0% anxiety features (95%CI=14.2-50.3%, k=6, n=9191), 26.3% depressive symptoms (95%CI=12.5-47.1%, k=8, n=9893), 20.7% post-traumatic stress disorder features (95%CI=13.2-31%, k=11, n=3826), 16.1% somatisation (95%CI=0.2-96.0%, k=2, n=2184), 14.0% stigmatisation feelings (95%CI=6.4-28.1%, k=2, n=411).
LIMITATIONS: Limited amount of evidence for some outcomes and suboptimal design in several studies included.
CONCLUSIONS: SARS/MERS/COVID-19 have a substantial impact on the physical and mental health of HCW, which should become a priority for public health strategies.}, }
@article {pmid32658818, year = {2020}, author = {Ma, YF and Li, W and Deng, HB and Wang, L and Wang, Y and Wang, PH and Bo, HX and Cao, J and Wang, Y and Zhu, LY and Yang, Y and Cheung, T and Ng, CH and Wu, X and Xiang, YT}, title = {Prevalence of depression and its association with quality of life in clinically stable patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {145-148}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.033}, pmid = {32658818}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: High risk of mental health problems is associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study explored the prevalence of depressive symptoms (depression hereafter) and its relationship with quality of life (QOL) in clinically stable patients with COVID-19.
METHODS: This was an online survey conducted in COVID-19 patients across five designated isolation hospitals for COVID-19 in Hubei province, China. Depression and QOL were assessed with standardized instruments.
RESULTS: A total of 770 participants were included. The prevalence of depression was 43.1% (95%CI: 39.6%-46.6%). Binary logistic regression analysis found that having a family member infected with COVID-19 (OR=1.51, P = 0.01), suffering from severe COVID-19 infection (OR=1.67, P = 0.03), male gender (OR=0.53, P<0.01), and frequent social media use to obtain COVID-19 related information (OR=0.65, P<0.01) were independently associated with depression. Patients with depression had lower QOL than those without.
CONCLUSION: Depression is highly prevalent in clinically stable patients with COVID-19. Regular screening and appropriate treatment of depression are urgently warranted for this population.}, }
@article {pmid32658814, year = {2020}, author = {Wang, J and Wei, H and Zhou, L}, title = {Hotline services in China during COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {125-126}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.030}, pmid = {32658814}, issn = {1573-2517}, }
@article {pmid32658813, year = {2020}, author = {Peng, M and Mo, B and Liu, Y and Xu, M and Song, X and Liu, L and Fang, Y and Guo, T and Ye, J and Yu, Z and Deng, Q and Zhang, X}, title = {Prevalence, risk factors and clinical correlates of depression in quarantined population during the COVID-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {119-124}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.035}, pmid = {32658813}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has brought tremendous psychological pressure to the general population, which may lead to depression. Therefore, this study aim to evaluate the prevalence and clinical correlates of depressive symptoms in the general population quarantined during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shenzhen.
METHODS: 2237 quarantined general individuals participated in this cross-sectional study from February 14 to March 4, 2020, during their 14 days quarantine. They completed the Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression, Zung's self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) for anxiety, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality, and the Impact of Events Scale-Revised (IES-R) for post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS).
RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptom was 6.21% in quarantined individuals. The depressed group were younger, less married and educated, and had higher SAS, PSQI, IES-R total scores (all p<0.05), as well as more avoidance, intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms than the non-depressed group. Correlation analysis showed significant correlations between SDS score and the following parameters: age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total and its three subscale scores (Bonferroni corrected all p<0.05). Further multiple regression indicated that age, marriage, education, SAS, PSQI, IES-R total score, Avoidance and Hyperarousal factor were independent predictors of depressive symptom.
LIMITATIONS: This study adopted a cross-sectional design and used self-report questionnaires.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest an elevated prevalence of depressive symptom in quarantined general individuals in Shenzhen. Some demographic and clinical variables were associated with depressive symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid32658812, year = {2020}, author = {Duan, L and Shao, X and Wang, Y and Huang, Y and Miao, J and Yang, X and Zhu, G}, title = {An investigation of mental health status of children and adolescents in china during the outbreak of COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {112-118}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.029}, pmid = {32658812}, issn = {1573-2517}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The sudden outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a dramatic effect on the mental health of the public. In the present study, we demonstrated the psychological effects on children and adolescents associated with the epidemic .
METHODS: By using convenience sampling method, questionnaires, such as Spence Child Anxiety Scale, Child Depression Inventory and Coping style Scale, were distributed to participating 359 children and 3254 adolescents online.
RESULTS: The anxiety levels of children and adolescents were (23.87 ± 15.79) and (29.27 ± 19.79), respectively. 22.28% respondents were suffering from depressive symptoms. Seven significant factors associated with increased levels of anxiety, including female, resident in urban regions, emotion-focused coping style. Nine factors associated with increased levels of depression, such as smartphone addiction (OR 1.411, 95% CI 1.099-1.180), Internet addiction (OR 1.844, 95% CI 1.209-2.811), and resident in Hubei province (OR 3.107, 95% CI 1.252-7.708). Two additional factors associated with decreased levels of depressive symptoms: hours spend on Internet per day before the epidemic (OR 0.652, 95% CI 0.609-0.697) and tendency to apply problem-focused coping style (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.923-0.951).
CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the COVID-19 outbreak has had a significant psychosocial impact on children and adolescents. Findings of current levels of anxiety and depression not only highlight the need to address emotional distress for children and adolescents during the epidemic but also provide researchers with scientific fundamentals to formulate targeted interventions based on the significant influencing factors.}, }
@article {pmid32658811, year = {2020}, author = {Palgi, Y and Shrira, A and Ring, L and Bodner, E and Avidor, S and Bergman, Y and Cohen-Fridel, S and Keisari, S and Hoffman, Y}, title = {The loneliness pandemic: Loneliness and other concomitants of depression, anxiety and their comorbidity during the COVID-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of affective disorders}, volume = {275}, number = {}, pages = {109-111}, doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.036}, pmid = {32658811}, issn = {1573-2517}, }
@article {pmid32658768, year = {2020}, author = {Solarino, B and Ferorelli, D and Dell'Erba, A}, title = {Post-mortem routine practice in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of forensic and legal medicine}, volume = {74}, number = {}, pages = {102010}, doi = {10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102010}, pmid = {32658768}, issn = {1878-7487}, }
@article {pmid32658758, year = {2020}, author = {Keten, D and Okdemir, E and Keten, A}, title = {Precautions in postmortem examinations in Covid-19 - Related deaths: Recommendations from Germany.}, journal = {Journal of forensic and legal medicine}, volume = {73}, number = {}, pages = {102000}, doi = {10.1016/j.jflm.2020.102000}, pmid = {32658758}, issn = {1878-7487}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic is also a considerable risk for forensic workers, among other healthcare providers. The risk of contamination is serious in post-mortem procedures. SARS-CoV2 is a microorganism classified as Hazard Group 3. However, the lack of adequate scientific work on Covid-19 should prompt us to be even more cautious when handling potentially infected persons or materials. Before starting the post-mortem investigation a risk assessment should be carried out and the suitability of facilities, personnel and equipment should be evaluated. An autopsy room conforming to BSL 3 standards would be ideal but is not mandatory. For suspicious or approved cases however a number of procedural changes must be made concerning the body's removal, storage and inspection procedures. Facilities, equipment and training issues need to be revised against existing and potential risks of infection. In addition to proper ventilation and insulation, personal protective equipment, aerosol reduction measures and disinfection applications are required. As of yet it is still unclear how long this public health issue, which has grown to become a pandemic, will last. This article highlights preventive measures to be taken into consideration in post-mortem processes when a Covid-19 infection is suspected or confirmed. It should be noted that there is no standard guide yet in this regard. A guide should be created according to international standards and revised according to changing conditions.}, }
@article {pmid32658757, year = {2020}, author = {Dijkhuizen, LGM and Gelderman, HT and Duijst, WLJM}, title = {Review: The safe handling of a corpse (suspected) with COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of forensic and legal medicine}, volume = {73}, number = {}, pages = {101999}, doi = {10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101999}, pmid = {32658757}, issn = {1878-7487}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Countries around the world are confronted with a rising count of patients that die from COVID-19. Up to this date, there is no scientific evidence that proves that a COVID-19 corpse is still infectious. Different guidelines are being followed worldwide on how to deal with a COVID-19 positive corpse. The aim of this review is to compare different guidelines and literature on best practice for handling a COVID-19 positive corpse.
RESULTS: The guidelines vary greatly in the use of PPE's and other safety measures especially during autopsy. There is great variation in the use of disinfectant and its concentration. Also recommended funeral services and contact with relatives vary greatly.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, there is very limited scientific evidence on which the researched guidelines are based. It is unclear why some guidelines propose a "business as usual" attitude and others a "code-red" attitude. More scientific evidence is needed to substantiate the handling of COVID-19 positive corpses to make an educated decision on how to safely handle a COVID-19 positive corpse.}, }
@article {pmid32658740, year = {2020}, author = {Mahmud, T and Rahman, MA and Fattah, SA}, title = {CovXNet: A multi-dilation convolutional neural network for automatic COVID-19 and other pneumonia detection from chest X-ray images with transferable multi-receptive feature optimization.}, journal = {Computers in biology and medicine}, volume = {122}, number = {}, pages = {103869}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103869}, pmid = {32658740}, issn = {1879-0534}, abstract = {With the recent outbreak of COVID-19, fast diagnostic testing has become one of the major challenges due to the critical shortage of test kit. Pneumonia, a major effect of COVID-19, needs to be urgently diagnosed along with its underlying reasons. In this paper, deep learning aided automated COVID-19 and other pneumonia detection schemes are proposed utilizing a small amount of COVID-19 chest X-rays. A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) based architecture, named as CovXNet, is proposed that utilizes depthwise convolution with varying dilation rates for efficiently extracting diversified features from chest X-rays. Since the chest X-ray images corresponding to COVID-19 caused pneumonia and other traditional pneumonias have significant similarities, at first, a large number of chest X-rays corresponding to normal and (viral/bacterial) pneumonia patients are used to train the proposed CovXNet. Learning of this initial training phase is transferred with some additional fine-tuning layers that are further trained with a smaller number of chest X-rays corresponding to COVID-19 and other pneumonia patients. In the proposed method, different forms of CovXNets are designed and trained with X-ray images of various resolutions and for further optimization of their predictions, a stacking algorithm is employed. Finally, a gradient-based discriminative localization is integrated to distinguish the abnormal regions of X-ray images referring to different types of pneumonia. Extensive experimentations using two different datasets provide very satisfactory detection performance with accuracy of 97.4% for COVID/Normal, 96.9% for COVID/Viral pneumonia, 94.7% for COVID/Bacterial pneumonia, and 90.2% for multiclass COVID/normal/Viral/Bacterial pneumonias. Hence, the proposed schemes can serve as an efficient tool in the current state of COVID-19 pandemic. All the architectures are made publicly available at: https://github.com/Perceptron21/CovXNet.}, }
@article {pmid32658736, year = {2020}, author = {Robson, B}, title = {Bioinformatics studies on a function of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein as the binding of host sialic acid glycans.}, journal = {Computers in biology and medicine}, volume = {122}, number = {}, pages = {103849}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103849}, pmid = {32658736}, issn = {1879-0534}, abstract = {SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 do not appear to have functions of a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. This is a mystery, because sugar binding activities appear essential to many other viruses including influenza and even most other coronaviruses in order to bind to and escape from the glycans (sugars, oligosaccharides or polysaccharides) characteristic of cell surfaces and saliva and mucin. The S1 N terminal Domains (S1-NTD) of the spike protein, largely responsible for the bulk of the characteristic knobs at the end of the spikes of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, are here predicted to be "hiding" sites for recognizing and binding glycans containing sialic acid. This may be important for infection and the ability of the virus to locate ACE2 as its known main host cell surface receptor, and if so it becomes a pharmaceutical target. It might even open up the possibility of an alternative receptor to ACE2. The prediction method developed, which uses amino acid residue sequence alone to predict domains or proteins that bind to sialic acids, is naïve, and will be advanced in future work. Nonetheless, it was surprising that such a very simple approach was so useful, and it can easily be reproduced in a very few lines of computer program to help make quick comparisons between SARS-CoV-2 sequences and to consider the effects of viral mutations.}, }
@article {pmid32658735, year = {2020}, author = {Iftikhar, H and Ali, HN and Farooq, S and Naveed, H and Shahzad-Ul-Hussan, S}, title = {Identification of potential inhibitors of three key enzymes of SARS-CoV2 using computational approach.}, journal = {Computers in biology and medicine}, volume = {122}, number = {}, pages = {103848}, doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103848}, pmid = {32658735}, issn = {1879-0534}, abstract = {The recent outbreak of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) continues to drastically affect healthcare throughout the world. To date, no approved treatment regimen or vaccine is available to effectively attenuate or prevent the infection. Therefore, collective and multidisciplinary efforts are needed to identify new therapeutics or to explore effectiveness of existing drugs and drug-like small molecules against SARS-CoV-2 for lead identification and repurposing prospects. This study addresses the identification of small molecules that specifically bind to any of the three essential proteins (RdRp, 3CL-protease and helicase) of SARS-CoV-2. By applying computational approaches we screened a library of 4574 compounds also containing FDA-approved drugs against these viral proteins. Shortlisted hits from initial screening were subjected to iterative docking with the respective proteins. Ranking score on the basis of binding energy, clustering score, shape complementarity and functional significance of the binding pocket was applied to identify the binding compounds. Finally, to minimize chances of false positives, we performed docking of the identified molecules with 100 irrelevant proteins of diverse classes thereby ruling out the non-specific binding. Three FDA-approved drugs showed binding to 3CL-protease either at the catalytic pocket or at an allosteric site related to functionally important dimer formation. A drug-like molecule showed binding to RdRp in its catalytic pocket blocking the key catalytic residues. Two other drug-like molecules showed specific interactions with helicase at a key domain involved in catalysis. This study provides lead drugs or drug-like molecules for further in vitro and clinical investigation for drug repurposing and new drug development prospects.}, }
@article {pmid32658716, year = {2020}, author = {Essid, N and Allouche, M and Lazzem, M and Harrath, AH and Mansour, L and Alwasel, S and Mahmoudi, E and Beyrem, H and Boufahja, F}, title = {Ecotoxic response of nematodes to ivermectin, a potential anti-COVID-19 drug treatment.}, journal = {Marine pollution bulletin}, volume = {157}, number = {}, pages = {111375}, doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111375}, pmid = {32658716}, issn = {1879-3363}, abstract = {At the end of March 2020, ivermectin was confirmed as a drug for COVID-19 treatment. A significant amount of ivermectin could deposit into sediments of the semi-closed Mediterranean Sea, where three European COVID-19 epicenters are located: Italy, Spain, and France. Meiobenthic nematodes were exposed to three ivermectin doses (1.8 ng.g-1, 9 ng.g-1, and 18 ng.g-1) for 10 days. Ivermectin caused a great reduction in abundance. However, the diversity indices decreased only at high doses. Ivermectin disadvantaged the 1B-Cr-Id functional type (non-selective deposit feeders and nematodes with circular or indistinct amphids) and benefited the 2A-REL-Sp type (epistrate feeders and nematodes with rounded or elongated loop amphids). Thus, Trophic Diversity and Amphideal Diversity index values increased with sedimentary ivermectin enrichment. Large amphideal foveas were more efficient for 2A-REL-Sp nematodes to avoid ivermectin. The responses of the functional type 2A-REL-Sp and corresponding taxa predict post-COVID-19 environmental concerns and the bioaccumulation of ivermectin in seafoods.}, }
@article {pmid32658617, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Correction to: Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcome.}, journal = {Circulation}, volume = {142}, number = {2}, pages = {e33}, doi = {10.1161/CIR.0000000000000887}, pmid = {32658617}, issn = {1524-4539}, }
@article {pmid32658614, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Correction to: Population Trends in Rates of Percutaneous Coronary Revascularization for Acute Coronary Syndromes Associated With the COVID-19 Outbreak.}, journal = {Circulation}, volume = {142}, number = {2}, pages = {e32}, doi = {10.1161/CIR.0000000000000888}, pmid = {32658614}, issn = {1524-4539}, }
@article {pmid32658611, year = {2020}, author = {Kuehn, BM}, title = {COVID-19 Leads to Major Changes for Cardiologists in Training.}, journal = {Circulation}, volume = {142}, number = {2}, pages = {175-177}, doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.049256}, pmid = {32658611}, issn = {1524-4539}, }
@article {pmid32658609, year = {2020}, author = {Spyropoulos, AC and Weitz, JI}, title = {Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients and Venous Thromboembolism: A Perfect Storm.}, journal = {Circulation}, volume = {142}, number = {2}, pages = {129-132}, doi = {10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.048020}, pmid = {32658609}, issn = {1524-4539}, }
@article {pmid32658591, year = {2020}, author = {Mollica, V and Rizzo, A and Massari, F}, title = {The pivotal role of TMPRSS2 in coronavirus disease 2019 and prostate cancer.}, journal = {Future oncology (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2217/fon-2020-0571}, pmid = {32658591}, issn = {1744-8301}, }
@article {pmid32658519, year = {2020}, author = {Luthar, SS and Ebbert, AM and Kumar, NL}, title = {The Well-Being Index (WBI) for schools: A brief measure of adolescents' mental health.}, journal = {Psychological assessment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1037/pas0000913}, pmid = {32658519}, issn = {1939-134X}, support = {//Authentic Connections/ ; }, abstract = {Schools are increasingly concerned with the well-being of the whole child - likely, more so since the COVID-19 pandemic - and goals here were to document the psychometric properties of a brief new measure of adolescent mental health, the Well-Being Index (WBI). The measure assesses 4 symptom areas, 2 each of internalizing and externalizing symptoms-Depression, Anxiety, Rule-Breaking, and Substance Use-and an optional scale on Isolation at School. A total of 2,444 students from 2 high schools completed the WBI, the Youth Self-Report (YSR), and other related measures. Alpha coefficients showed acceptable internal consistency, with values for the 5 WBI subscales at .83, .84, .78, .79, and .74, respectively. Both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated consistent factorial validity. Correlations with corresponding YSR subscales indicated good convergent and discriminant validity. The WBI Substance Use and Isolation at School subscales, similarly, had high correlations with subscales from preexisting measures. Criterion-related validity was indicated in significant correlations between WBI subscales and conceptually related dimensions of close relationships. Also examined was the percentage of youth falling above clinical cutoffs on both the WBI and YSR, and findings demonstrated high concurrent validity. Collectively, results suggest the promise of the WBI as a brief, psychometrically sound measure to assess the adjustment of adolescents, along with perceptions of school climate that can be modified toward fostering their overall well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).}, }
@article {pmid32658489, year = {2020}, author = {Poater, A}, title = {Michael Acceptors Tuned by the Pivotal Aromaticity of Histidine to Block COVID19 Activity.}, journal = {The journal of physical chemistry letters}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c01828}, pmid = {32658489}, issn = {1948-7185}, abstract = {COVID protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) has been checked to be blocked by inhibitors, and with particular successful performance by α-ketoamide derivative substrates like 13b of Hilgenfeld and coworkers. After the biological characterization, here DFT calculations do not only explain how the inhibitor 13b produces a thermodynamically favorable interaction, but how to reach it kinetically. The controversial and unprovable concept of aromaticity here enjoys being the agent that rationalizes the seemingly innocent role of histidine (His41 of Mpro). Not only does it have a H-bond with the hydroxyl group, but it is the proton carrier of the thiol of Cys145 at almost zero energy cost that favours the interaction with the inhibitor that acts as a Michael acceptor.}, }
@article {pmid32658389, year = {2020}, author = {Braga, CL and Silva-Aguiar, RP and Battaglini, D and Peruchetti, DB and Robba, C and Pelosi, P and Rocco, PRM and Caruso-Neves, C and Silva, PL}, title = {The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: Role in pathogenesis and potential therapeutic target in COVID-19.}, journal = {Pharmacology research & perspectives}, volume = {8}, number = {4}, pages = {e00623}, doi = {10.1002/prp2.623}, pmid = {32658389}, issn = {2052-1707}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 novel coronavirus, has spread worldwide causing high fatality rates. Neither a vaccine nor specific therapeutic approaches are available, hindering the fight against this disease and making better understanding of its pathogenesis essential. Despite similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV, the former has unique characteristics which represent a great challenge to physicians. The mechanism of COVID-19 infection and pathogenesis is still poorly understood. In the present review, we highlight possible pathways involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and potential therapeutic targets, focusing on the role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.}, }
@article {pmid32658360, year = {2020}, author = {Sannes, TS and Yeh, IM and Gray, TF}, title = {Caring for Loved Ones with Cancer during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Double Hit Risk for Social Isolation and Need for Action.}, journal = {Psycho-oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/pon.5466}, pmid = {32658360}, issn = {1099-1611}, }
@article {pmid32658359, year = {2020}, author = {Novak, N and Peng, WM and Naegeli, MC and Galvan, C and Kolm-Djamei, I and Brüggen, MC and Cabanillas, B and Schmid-Grendelmeier, P and Catala, A}, title = {SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, skin and immunology - what do we know so far?.}, journal = {Allergy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/all.14498}, pmid = {32658359}, issn = {1398-9995}, abstract = {The pandemic condition Coronavirus-disease (COVID-19), caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can take asymptomatic, mild, moderate, and severe courses. COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory airways leading to dry cough, fever, myalgia, headache, fatigue, and diarrhea and can end up in interstitial pneumonia and severe respiratory failure. Reports about the manifestation of various skin lesions and lesions of the vascular system in some subgroups of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients as such features outside the respiratory sphere, are rapidly emerging. Vesicular, urticarial and maculopapular eruptions as well as livedo, necrosis and other vasculitis forms have been reported most frequently in association with SARS-CoV-2 infection. In order to update information gained, we provide a systematic overview of the skin lesions described in COVID-19 patients, discuss potential causative factors and describe differential diagnostic evaluations. Moreover, we summarize current knowledge about immunologic, clinical and histologic features of virus- as well as drug-induced lesions of the skin and changes to the vascular system in order to transfer this knowledge to potential mechanisms induced by SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32658350, year = {2020}, author = {Giacalone, S and Minuti, A and Spigariolo, CB and Passoni, E and Nazzaro, G}, title = {Facial dermatoses in general population due to personal protective masks: first observations after lockdown.}, journal = {Clinical and experimental dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ced.14376}, pmid = {32658350}, issn = {1365-2230}, abstract = {Since SARS-COV-2 pandemic began, frontline healthcare workers demonstrated to develop facial dermatoses, such as acne, rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis, secondary to prolonged use of personal protective equipment (PPE).}, }
@article {pmid32658337, year = {2020}, author = {Patell, R and Khan, A and Bogue, T and Merrill, M and Koshy, A and Bindal, P and Joyce, R and Aird, WC and Neuberg, D and Bauer, KA and Zwicker, JI}, title = {Heparin induced thrombocytopenia antibodies in COVID-19.}, journal = {American journal of hematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ajh.25935}, pmid = {32658337}, issn = {1096-8652}, }
@article {pmid32658335, year = {2020}, author = {Ovsyannikova, IG and Haralambieva, IH and Crooke, SN and Poland, GA and Kennedy, RB}, title = {The role of host genetics in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 susceptibility and severity.}, journal = {Immunological reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/imr.12897}, pmid = {32658335}, issn = {1600-065X}, support = {AI132348//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; AI121054//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; AI127365//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; }, abstract = {This article provides a review of studies evaluating the role of host (and viral) genetics (including variation in HLA genes) in the immune response to coronaviruses, as well as the clinical outcome of coronavirus-mediated disease. The initial sections focus on seasonal coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV. We then examine the state of the knowledge regarding genetic polymorphisms and SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. The article concludes by discussing research areas with current knowledge gaps and proposes several avenues for future scientific exploration in order to develop new insights into the immunology of SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32658332, year = {2020}, author = {Kushlaf, H}, title = {COVID-19 in MuSK Myasthenia Gravis: A Case Report.}, journal = {Muscle & nerve}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/mus.27020}, pmid = {32658332}, issn = {1097-4598}, }
@article {pmid32658329, year = {2020}, author = {Valmasoni, M and Pierobon, ES and Capovilla, G and Piangerelli, A and Moletta, L and Costantini, M and Salvador, R and Merigliano, S}, title = {Providing surgery for cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: experience of a northern Italian referral centre.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11780}, pmid = {32658329}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32658328, year = {2020}, author = {Huxtable, R and Ives, J}, title = {Author response to: Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11781}, pmid = {32658328}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32658323, year = {2020}, author = {Quarto, G and Grimaldi, G and Castaldo, L and Izzo, A and Muscariello, R and De Sicato, S and Franzese, D and Crocerossa, F and Del Prete, P and Carbonara, U and Autorino, R and Perdonà, S}, title = {Avoiding disruption of timely surgical management of genitourinary cancers during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {BJU international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bju.15174}, pmid = {32658323}, issn = {1464-410X}, abstract = {As of early July 2020, over 10,000,000 confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) cases and 500,000 deaths have been recorded worldwide. This dramatic surge of the pandemic resulted in hospital overcrowding and shortage of intensive care unit (ICU) beds, creating a global crisis in health care systems. As many other specialties, Urology was impacted at different levels. A decline in number of elective surgeries was observed, with peaks of over 94% reduction in most affected regions. Outpatient clinics were largely shifted to virtual consults. Interestingly, there was a significant decrease in hospital attendance for urological emergencies. Urologic surgical training was negatively impacted.}, }
@article {pmid32658319, year = {2020}, author = {Harkin, DW}, title = {Ethics for surgeons during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11779}, pmid = {32658319}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32658318, year = {2020}, author = {Lu, X and Wang, L and Tian, S and Zhang, P and Liu, W and Cai, M and Wang, G and Li, W and Tao, K and Wang, G and Wang, Z}, title = {Demobilization strategy for general surgery departments during the recovery period of the COVID-19 pandemic: experience and recommendations from frontline surgeons in Wuhan.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11790}, pmid = {32658318}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32658316, year = {2020}, author = {van der Lee, ML and Schellekens, MPJ}, title = {Bridging the distance: continuing psycho-oncological care via video-consults during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Psycho-oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/pon.5468}, pmid = {32658316}, issn = {1099-1611}, }
@article {pmid32658307, year = {2020}, author = {English, W and Habib Bedwani, N and Smith, C and Shatkar, V}, title = {Investigation and management of suspected appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11787}, pmid = {32658307}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32658306, year = {2020}, author = {Bellini, MI and Tortorici, F and Capogni, M}, title = {Resuming elective surgical activity after the COVID-19 wave: what the patients need to know.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11802}, pmid = {32658306}, issn = {1365-2168}, abstract = {As COVID-19 outbreak enters its second phase of lockdown ease, healthcare plans involve elective surgery re-establishment to provide essential life-saving care. Patients are increasingly requesting information about their facility's readiness for safely performing surgery. This information should be open and transparent including patient's education with objective data regarding the state of the pandemic in the country and the control measures undertaken by the facility.}, }
@article {pmid32658304, year = {2020}, author = {Copertino, DC and Duarte, RRR and Powell, TR and Rougvie, MM and Nixon, DF}, title = {Montelukast drug activity and potential against SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.26299}, pmid = {32658304}, issn = {1096-9071}, abstract = {COVID-19 presents a major worldwide public health emergency. Many research efforts are ongoing to find effective antiviral treatments via novel drug design or drug repurposing (Duarte et al., 2020). One drug, remdesivir, has been shown to have activity against the SARS-CoV-2 RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and has been used clinically in severe COVID-19 disease, but more accessible and readily available treatments are needed for all stages of infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid32658300, year = {2020}, author = {Smolander, J and Bruchfeld, A}, title = {[COVID-19 and kidney disease].}, journal = {Lakartidningen}, volume = {117}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {32658300}, issn = {1652-7518}, abstract = {Acute kidney injury (AKI), albuminuria and hematuria are common in Covid-19 and have been shown to increase mortality. Assessment with a urinary dipstick and creatinine at admission should be completed with a urinary sediment and quantification of albuminuria if positive. SARS-Cov-2 seems to enter and infect the endothelium and kidney cells, and contributes to damage in addition to hypercoagulability, multi organ failure and hyperinflammation. Underhydration and rhabdomyolysis can contribute to acute tubular necrosis. Anti-inflammatory treatment may be considered and discussed with a nephrologist. Treatment with ACEi/ARBs should be continued if possible.}, }
@article {pmid32658279, year = {2020}, author = {Sy, SL and Munshi, MN}, title = {Caring for Older Adults With Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {JAMA internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2492}, pmid = {32658279}, issn = {2168-6114}, }
@article {pmid32658251, year = {2020}, author = {Fihn, SD}, title = {COVID-19-Back to the Future.}, journal = {JAMA internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.2498}, pmid = {32658251}, issn = {2168-6114}, }
@article {pmid32658249, year = {2020}, author = {Martinez, E and Redding, D}, title = {Osteopathic Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7556/jaoa.2020.081}, pmid = {32658249}, issn = {1945-1997}, }
@article {pmid32658248, year = {2020}, author = {Klompas, M and Baker, MA and Rhee, C}, title = {Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Theoretical Considerations and Available Evidence.}, journal = {JAMA}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1001/jama.2020.12458}, pmid = {32658248}, issn = {1538-3598}, }
@article {pmid32658144, year = {2020}, author = {Hamid, HKS}, title = {Laparoscopy may improve postoperative outcomes of COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {The journal of trauma and acute care surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000002884}, pmid = {32658144}, issn = {2163-0763}, }
@article {pmid32658143, year = {2020}, author = {Pata, F and Khan, M and Iovino, D and Gallo, G and Carcano, G and Di Saverio, S}, title = {Laparoscopy or laparotomy during COVID-19: the pendulum continues swinging as uncertainty remains on virus transmission & epidemiology.}, journal = {The journal of trauma and acute care surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/TA.0000000000002885}, pmid = {32658143}, issn = {2163-0763}, }
@article {pmid32658132, year = {2020}, author = {Nguyen, AX and Gervasio, KA and Wu, AY}, title = {COVID-19 Recommendations From Ophthalmic and Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Societies Worldwide.}, journal = {Ophthalmic plastic and reconstructive surgery}, volume = {36}, number = {4}, pages = {334-345}, doi = {10.1097/IOP.0000000000001776}, pmid = {32658132}, issn = {1537-2677}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented challenges for oculoplastic surgeons worldwide, in terms of care delivery, medical equipment and at-risk patient management. To date, there are no centralized or compiled international COVID-19 guidelines for oculoplastic surgeons.
METHODS: We examined COVID-19 guidelines published by oculoplastic societies worldwide. All countries around the world were initially considered in this study, but only 9 oculoplastic societies met the inclusion criteria: (1) publicly available guidelines displayed on the oculoplastic society's website, or (2) guidelines received from the oculoplastic society after contacting them twice using the contact information on their website.
RESULTS: The 9 oculoplastic societies examined include: the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, the Canadian Society of Oculoplastic Surgery, the European Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica Ocular y Orbitaria, la Asociación Colombiana de Cirugía Plastica Ocular, the Asia Pacific Society of Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, the Oculoplastics Association of India, and the Philippine Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. They all agree that urgent procedures should not be delayed, while non-necessary procedures (including all elective clinic services) should be postponed. When adequate protective equipment is available, oculoplastic surgeons must treat urgent cases. Eight out of 9 societies have provided recommendations on personal protective equipment use in order to prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to adequately protect mucous membranes. Other recommendations provided by certain societies are related to shelter in place measures, hand hygiene and surface disinfection protocols, patient triage, and thyroid eye disease management.
CONCLUSIONS: All 9 societies with published recommendations have provided valuable recommendations to their members, regarding urgency of care and infection control solutions (personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, telemedicine, and social isolation).}, }
@article {pmid32658097, year = {2020}, author = {Sisman, J and Jaleel, MA and Moreno, W and Rajaram, V and Collins, RRJ and Savani, RC and Rakheja, D and Evans, AS}, title = {INTRAUTERINE TRANSMISSION OF SARS-COV-2 INFECTION IN A PRETERM INFANT.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002815}, pmid = {32658097}, issn = {1532-0987}, abstract = {We present a preterm infant who developed a fever and mild respiratory disease on the second day of life. Infant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nasopharyngeal testing was positive at 24 and 48 hours of life. Placenta histopathology revealed SARS-CoV-2 infection by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. Further understanding of the risk factors that lead to in utero transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection is needed.}, }
@article {pmid32658096, year = {2020}, author = {Demirjian, A and Singh, C and Tebruegge, M and Herbert, R and Draz, N and Mirfenderesky, M and Jones, V and Hinstridge, P and Seneviratne, R and Myers, R and Ellis, J and Miah, S and Meadows, CI and Kenny, J and Alonso, A and Handforth, J and Perkins, S and Butler, M and Blackburn, F and Douthwaite, S and Pillay, D and Chand, M and Zambon, M}, title = {Probable Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002821}, pmid = {32658096}, issn = {1532-0987}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: To date, although neonatal infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronovirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been described, none of these have been proven to be the result of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: We describe the probable vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a neonate born to a mother with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
RESULTS: Following cesarean section, the neonate was kept in strict isolation. Molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 on respiratory samples, blood, and meconium were initially negative, but positive on a nasopharyngeal aspirate on the third day of life. On day 5, the neonate developed fever and coryza, which spontaneously resolved. Viral genomic analysis from the mother and neonate showed identical sequences except for 1 nucleotide.
CONCLUSION: This report has important implications for infection control and clinical management of pregnant women with COVID-19 and their newborns.}, }
@article {pmid32658094, year = {2020}, author = {Siberry, GK and Reddy, UM and Mofenson, LM}, title = {SARS-COV-2 Maternal-Child Transmission: Can It Occur Before Delivery and How Do We Prove It?.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002820}, pmid = {32658094}, issn = {1532-0987}, }
@article {pmid32658093, year = {2020}, author = {Somekh, I and Yakub Hanna, H and Heller, E and Bibi, H and Somekh, E}, title = {AGE-DEPENDENT SENSORY IMPAIRMENT IN COVID-19 INFECTION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH ACE2 EXPRESSION.}, journal = {The Pediatric infectious disease journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/INF.0000000000002817}, pmid = {32658093}, issn = {1532-0987}, abstract = {Among individuals who tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019, smell and taste sensations were significantly less impaired among children than among adults, in a stepwise manner. Sensory impairment was correlated with recent data of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 expression in the corresponding age groups. This is the first report to compare sensory impairment in children and adults testing positive for coronavirus disease 2019.}, }
@article {pmid32658092, year = {2020}, author = {White, KA and Ruth-Sahd, LA}, title = {Compassionate Teaching Strategies Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Nurse educator}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/NNE.0000000000000901}, pmid = {32658092}, issn = {1538-9855}, }
@article {pmid32658054, year = {2020}, author = {Wilson, JM and Lee, J and Fitzgerald, HN and Oosterhoff, B and Sevi, B and Shook, NJ}, title = {Job Insecurity and Financial Concern during the COVID-19 Pandemic are Associated with Worse Mental Health.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001962}, pmid = {32658054}, issn = {1536-5948}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether job insecurity due to COVID-19 and financial concern were associated with worse mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD: Participants (N = 474 employed U.S. individuals) completed an online survey from April 6-12, 2020. Linear regressions were used to examine factors associated with mental health.
RESULTS: After accounting for demographic characteristics, health status, other COVID-19 experiences, and anxiety symptoms, greater job insecurity due to COVID-19 was related to greater depressive symptoms. Conversely, after accounting for covariates and depressive symptoms, greater financial concern was related to greater anxiety symptoms. Further, greater job insecurity was indirectly related to greater anxiety symptoms due to greater financial concern.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that employers should aim to reduce job insecurity and financial concern among employees during the COVID-19 pandemic to address the associated mental health consequences.}, }
@article {pmid32658053, year = {2020}, author = {Gliksman, R}, title = {COVID-19 Trials and Tribulations by Rebecca Gliksman MD MPH.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001965}, pmid = {32658053}, issn = {1536-5948}, }
@article {pmid32658052, year = {2020}, author = {Belingheri, M and Paladino, ME and Labra, M and Riva, MA}, title = {Healthcare Workers with Diabetes. Need for more attention in COVID-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001942}, pmid = {32658052}, issn = {1536-5948}, }
@article {pmid32658022, year = {2020}, author = {Segarra, B and Heras, NB and Ortiz, MV and Ribes-Iborra, J and Martinez-Macias Pharm, O and Cuesta-Peredo, D}, title = {Are Hospitals Safe? A Prospective Study on SARS-CoV-2 Prevalence and Outcome on Surgical Fracture Patients. A Closer Look at Hip Fracture Patients.}, journal = {Journal of orthopaedic trauma}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/BOT.0000000000001899}, pmid = {32658022}, issn = {1531-2291}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To describe clinical characteristics of fracture patients, including a closer look to hip fracture patients, and determine how epidemiological variables may have influenced on a higher vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 infection, as the basis for the considerations needed to reintroduce elective surgery during the pandemic.
DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective cohort study.
SETTING: Level I Trauma Center in the East of Spain.
PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: 144 consecutive fracture patients 18 years or older admitted for surgery.
INTERVENTION: Patients were tested for SARS-CoV-2 with either molecular and/or serological techniques and screened for presentation of COVID-19.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Patients were interviewed and charts reviewed for demographic, epidemiological, clinical and surgical characteristics.
RESULTS: We interviewed all patients and tested 137 (95.7%) of them. Three positive patients for SARS-CoV-2 were identified (2.1%). One was asymptomatic and the other two required admission due to COVID-19 related symptoms. Mortality for the whole cohort was 13 patients (9%). Significant association was found between infection by SARS-CoV-2 and epidemiological variables including: intimate exposure to respiratory symptomatic patients (p=0.025) and intimate exposure to SARS-CoV-2 positive patients (p=0.013). No association was found when crowding above 50 people was tested individually (p=0.187). When comparing the 2020 and 2019 hip fracture cohorts we found them to be similar, including 30-day mortality. A significant increase in surgical delay from 1.5 to 1.8 days was observed on the 2020 patients (p=0.034).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients may be treated safely at hospitals if strict recommendations are followed. Both cohorts of hip fracture patients had similar 30-day mortality.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.}, }
@article {pmid32658021, year = {2020}, author = {Thakrar, A and Chui, K and Kapoor, A and Hambidge, J}, title = {30-day Mortality Rate of Patients with Hip Fractures during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Centre Prospective Study in the United Kingdom.}, journal = {Journal of orthopaedic trauma}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/BOT.0000000000001889}, pmid = {32658021}, issn = {1531-2291}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the care of hip fracture patients remains a clinical priority. Our study aims to investigate the 30-day mortality rate of hip fracture patients during the first thirty days of the pandemic in the UK.
METHODS: A single-center, observational, prospective study of patients presenting with hip fractures. Data collection started from 'day zero' of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK and continued for thirty days. We collected data on time-to-surgery, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) score, Nottingham Hip Fracture Score (NHFS), COVID-19 infection status, 30-day mortality and cause of death. For comparison, we collected retrospective data during the same thirty-day period in 2018, 2019 and the previous six months (Control groups A, B and C, respectively).
RESULTS: 43 patients were included in the study. There was no difference in age or gender between the Study and Control groups. The 30-day mortality rate of the Study group was 16.3%, which was higher than Control groups A (P=0.022), B (P=0.003) and C (P=0.001). The prevalence of COVID-19 infection in our Study group was 26%. Of the seven mortalities recorded, four patients tested positive for COVID-19 infection. In our Study group, COVID-19 infection correlated significantly with 30-day mortality (P=0.002, odds ratio 2.4).
CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated a significant increase in 30-day mortality amongst hip fracture patients during the first thirty days of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. A positive COVID-19 test result in patients with hip fractures is associated with a 2.4-fold increase in risk of 30-day mortality.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.}, }
@article {pmid32658017, year = {2020}, author = {Konda, SR and Ranson, RA and Solasz, SJ and Dedhia, N and Lott, A and Bird, ML and Landes, EK and Aggarwal, VK and Bosco, JA and Furgiuele, DL and Gould, J and Lyon, TR and McLaurin, TM and Tejwani, NC and Zuckerman, JD and Leucht, P and Ganta, A and Egol, KA and , }, title = {Modification of a Validated Risk Stratification Tool to Characterize Geriatric Hip Fracture Outcomes and Optimize Care in a Post COVID-19 World.}, journal = {Journal of orthopaedic trauma}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/BOT.0000000000001895}, pmid = {32658017}, issn = {1531-2291}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: 1. To demonstrate how a risk assessment tool modified to account for the COVID-19 virus during the current global pandemic is able to provide risk assessment for low-energy geriatric hip fracture patients. 2. To provide a treatment algorithm for care of COVID-19 positive/suspected hip fractures patients that accounts for their increased risk of morbidity and mortality.
SETTING: One academic medical center including 4 level 1 trauma centers, 1 university-based tertiary-care referral hospital, and 1 orthopedic specialty hospital.
PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS: 1278 patients treated for hip fractures between October 2014 and April 2020, including 136 patients treated during the COVID-19 pandemic between February 1, 2020 and April 15, 2020.
INTERVENTION: The STTGMAORIGINAL score was modified by adding COVID-19 virus as a risk factor for mortality to create the STTGMACOVID score. Patients were stratified into quartiles to demonstrate differences in risk distribution between the scores.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Inpatient and 30-day mortality, major, and minor complications.
RESULTS: Both STTGMA score and COVID-19 positive/suspected status are independent predictors of inpatient mortality, confirming their use in risk assessment models for geriatric hip fracture patients. Compared to STTGMAORIGINAL where COVID-19 patients are haphazardly distributed among the risk groups and COVID-19 inpatient and 30 days mortalities comprise 50% of deaths in the minimal and low risk cohorts, the STTGMACOVID tool is able to triage 100% of COVID-19 patients and 100% of COVID-19 inpatient and 30 day mortalities into the highest risk quartile, where it was demonstrated that these patients have a 55% rate of pneumonia, a 35% rate of acute respiratory distress syndrome, a 22% rate of inpatient mortality, and a 35% rate of 30 day mortality. COVID-19 patients who are symptomatic on presentation to the ED and undergo surgical fixation have a 30% inpatient mortality rate compared to 12.5% for patients who are initially asymptomatic but later develop symptoms.
CONCLUSION: The STTGMA tool can be modified for specific disease processes, in this case to account for the COVID-19 virus and provide a robust risk stratification tool that accounts for a heretofore unknown risk factor. COVID-19 positive/suspected status portends a poor outcome in this susceptible trauma population and should be included in risk-assessment models. These patients should be considered high risk for perioperative morbidity and mortality. Patients with COVID-19 symptoms on presentation should have surgery deferred until symptoms improve or resolve and should be reassessed for surgical treatment versus definitive nonoperative treatment with palliative care and/or hospice care.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of Levels of Evidence.}, }
@article {pmid32658015, year = {2020}, author = {Sockalingam, S and Clarkin, C and Serhal, E and Pereira, C and Crawford, A}, title = {Responding to Health Care Professionals' Mental Health Needs During COVID-19 Through the Rapid Implementation of Project ECHO.}, journal = {The Journal of continuing education in the health professions}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/CEH.0000000000000311}, pmid = {32658015}, issn = {1554-558X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic can cause significant mental health distress amongst health care professionals (HCPs). We describe the psychological needs of HCPs during COVID-19 and the implementation of Project ECHO Coping with COVID (ECHO-CWC) to help HCPs' manage COVID-19 distress.
METHODS: We used an established rapid implementation approach to accelerate the development and delivery of ECHO-CWC to address the emerging needs of HCPs. Participants' needs were identified using a 10-question survey of participants' perceived risk of COVID-19 and a 5-item self-efficacy measure. Implementation outcomes consisted of participant engagement and session satisfaction scores using a 5-point Likert scale.
RESULTS: 426 participants registered for ECHO-CWC. Needs assessment data (n=129) showed that most participants' reported feeling increased stress at work (84.5%), fear of infecting others (75.2%), and fear of falling ill (70.5%) from COVID-19, yet most participants accepted the risk associated with work during this time (59.7%). Participants were highly satisfied with the initial five sessions (mean=4.26).
CONCLUSION: HCPs reported the greatest concern with fears of infection and infecting others during the acute phase of the pandemic. Using an iterative curriculum design approach and existing implementation frameworks, the ECHO tele-education model can be rapidly mobilized to address HCPs mental health needs during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32658014, year = {2020}, author = {Gottlieb, M and Egan, DJ and Krzyzaniak, SM and Wagner, J and Weizberg, M and Chan, T}, title = {Rethinking the Approach to Continuing Professional Development Conferences in the Era of COVID-19.}, journal = {The Journal of continuing education in the health professions}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/CEH.0000000000000310}, pmid = {32658014}, issn = {1554-558X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has required a substantial change to the approach used for traditional, in-person continuing professional development (CPD) conferences. Running a virtual CPD conference will necessitate consideration of digital platforms and conversion of large group and small group sessions, abstract presentations, and networking events to a digital medium. This paper will discuss these challenges and present strategies to address them for CPD conference planning in the era of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32658006, year = {2020}, author = {Di Liberto, IA and Pilato, G and Geraci, S and Milazzo, D and Vaccaro, G and Buccheri, S and Caramanno, G}, title = {Impact on hospital admission of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients during coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in an Italian Hospital.}, journal = {Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2459/JCM.0000000000001053}, pmid = {32658006}, issn = {1558-2035}, abstract = {: The worldwide pandemic caused by the novel acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) has resulted in a new and lethal disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The prevalence of COVID-19 has posed a great threat to people's health worldwide and many people who need cardiovascular care were afraid of hospital admission, also in geographic areas with a few number of cases. This document shows how the pandemic is impacting hospital admission and the care of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. We analyzed the number of interventional cardiology procedures to treat ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in our catheterization laboratory, before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in a specific period.}, }
@article {pmid32658005, year = {2020}, author = {Imazio, M and Brucato, A and Lazaros, G and Andreis, A and Scarsi, M and Klein, A and De Ferrari, GM and Adler, Y}, title = {Anti-inflammatory therapies for pericardial diseases in the COVID-19 pandemic: safety and potentiality.}, journal = {Journal of cardiovascular medicine (Hagerstown, Md.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2459/JCM.0000000000001059}, pmid = {32658005}, issn = {1558-2035}, abstract = {: The COVID-19 pandemic is challenging our cardiovascular care of patients with heart diseases. In the setting of pericardial diseases, there are two possible different scenarios to consider: the patient being treated for pericarditis who subsequently becomes infected with SARS-CoV-2, and the patient with COVID-19 who develops pericarditis or pericardial effusion. In both conditions, clinicians may be doubtful regarding the safety of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, colchicine, and biological agents, such as anti-IL1 agents (e.g. anakinra), that are the mainstay of therapy for pericarditis.For NSAIDs, there is no clear scientific evidence linking ibuprofen and other NSAIDs to worsening of COVID-19; however, it seems prudent to continue them, if necessary to control pericarditis, and on the other hand, to prefer paracetamol for fever and systemic symptoms related to COVID-19. Treatments with corticosteroids, colchicine, and anakinra appear well tolerated in the context of COVID-19 infection and are currently actively evaluated as potential therapeutic options for COVID infection at different stages of the disease. On this basis, currently most treatments for pericarditis do not appear contraindicated also in the presence of possible COVID-19 infection and should not be discontinued, and some (corticosteroids, colchicine, and anakinra) can be considered to treat both conditions.}, }
@article {pmid32658003, year = {2020}, author = {Popejoy, L and Vogelsmeier, A and Boren, W and Martin, N and Kist, S and Canada, K and Miller, SJ and Rantz, M}, title = {A Coordinated Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Missouri Nursing Homes.}, journal = {Journal of nursing care quality}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/NCQ.0000000000000504}, pmid = {32658003}, issn = {1550-5065}, }
@article {pmid32657995, year = {2020}, author = {Abdel-Aziz, M}, title = {Smell Disorder Could Warn Head and Neck Surgeons for Diagnosis of COVID-19.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006844}, pmid = {32657995}, issn = {1536-3732}, }
@article {pmid32657967, year = {2020}, author = {Clark, AE and Levy, J and Lee, FM}, title = {Laboratory-developed test regulation and the immunocompromised patient: uncertainty ahead.}, journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases}, volume = {33}, number = {4}, pages = {304-311}, doi = {10.1097/QCO.0000000000000659}, pmid = {32657967}, issn = {1473-6527}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW: Laboratory-developed tests (LDTs) are essential for the clinical care of immunocompromised individuals. These patients often require specialized testing not available from commercial manufacturers and are therefore dependent on the laboratory to create, validate, and perform these assays. Recent paradigm-shifting legislation could alter the way that LDTs are operationalized and regulated.
RECENT FINDINGS: On March 5th, 2020 the Verifying Accurate and Leading-Edge In-Vitro Clinical Tests Development Act (VALID) was introduced in the US Congress. This statute would overhaul existing regulatory framework by unifying the oversight of LDTs and commercial in-vitro diagnostic tests (IVDs) through the FDA. If enacted, LDTs would be subject to regulatory requirements like those found in commercial submissions for market review. Stakeholders continue to discuss the details and scope of the proposed legislation in the setting of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 pandemic, where LDTs are integral to the national COVID-19 response.
SUMMARY: Congressional lawmakers have introduced legislation to alter the regulatory framework governing LDTs. Moving forward, a balance must be struck to ensure the availability of safe and accurate testing without delays or overregulation that could be harmful to patients. The downstream implications of how VALID and other legislation will impact laboratories, clinicians, and patients warrant close examination.}, }
@article {pmid32657965, year = {2020}, author = {Wiederhold, NP and Verweij, PE}, title = {Aspergillus fumigatus and pan-azole resistance: who should be concerned?.}, journal = {Current opinion in infectious diseases}, volume = {33}, number = {4}, pages = {290-297}, doi = {10.1097/QCO.0000000000000662}, pmid = {32657965}, issn = {1473-6527}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Although clinical outcomes in the treatment of aspergillosis have markedly improved with the availability of newer triazoles, the development of resistance to these antifungals, especially in Aspergillus fumigatus, is a growing concern. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on azole resistance mechanisms and their epidemiology in A. fumigatus, the clinical implications of azole resistance, and to discuss future treatment options against azole-resistant aspergillosis.
RECENT FINDINGS: Resistance may develop through either patient or environmental azole exposure. Environmental exposure is the most prevalent means of resistance development, and these isolates can cause disease in various at-risk groups, which now include those with influenza, and potentially COVID-19. Although current treatment options are limited, newer therapies are in clinical development. These include agents with novel mechanisms of action which have in vitro and in vivo activity against azole-resistant A. fumigatus.
SUMMARY: Azole-resistant A. fumigatus is an emerging threat that hampers our ability to successfully treat patients with aspergillosis. Certain geographic regions and patient populations appear to be at increased risk for this pathogen. As new patient groups are increasingly recognized to be at increased risk for invasive aspergillosis, studies to define the epidemiology and management of azole-resistant A. fumigatus are critically needed. While treatment options are currently limited, new agents under clinical development may offer hope.}, }
@article {pmid32657840, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, V and Nolan, IT and Morrison, SD and Fosnot, J}, title = {Visiting Subinternships in Wake of the COVID-19 Crisis: An Opportunity for Improvement.}, journal = {Annals of plastic surgery}, volume = {85}, number = {2S Suppl 2}, pages = {S153-S154}, doi = {10.1097/SAP.0000000000002444}, pmid = {32657840}, issn = {1536-3708}, }
@article {pmid32657818, year = {2020}, author = {Le, MQ and Rosales, R and Shapiro, LT and Huang, LY}, title = {The Down Side of Prone Positioning: The Case of a COVID-19 Survivor.}, journal = {American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/PHM.0000000000001530}, pmid = {32657818}, issn = {1537-7385}, abstract = {The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a surge of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prone positioning may be used in such patients to optimize oxygenation. Severe infections may leave survivors with significant functional impairment necessitating rehabilitation. Those who have experienced prolonged prone positioning are at increased risk for complications not typically associated with critical illness. This case report describes the course and clinical findings of a survivor of ARDS due to COVID-19 who was prone positioned while in intensive care and subsequently admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility. Her related complications, as well as those described in the literature, are reviewed. Critical elements of a comprehensive rehabilitation treatment plan for those who have been prone positioned, including implementation of preventive strategies, as well as early recognition and treatment of related injuries, will be described.}, }
@article {pmid32657817, year = {2020}, author = {Ekiz, T and Kara, M and Özcan, F and Ricci, V and Özçakar, L}, title = {Sarcopenia and COVID-19: A Manifold Insight on Hypertension and the Renin Angiotensin System.}, journal = {American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/PHM.0000000000001528}, pmid = {32657817}, issn = {1537-7385}, }
@article {pmid32657810, year = {2020}, author = {Murphy, EP and Fenelon, C and Murphy, RP and O'Sullivan, MD and Pomeroy, E and Sheehan, E and Moore, DP}, title = {Are Virtual Fracture Clinics During the COVID-19 Pandemic a Potential Alternative for Delivering Fracture Care? A Systematic Review.}, journal = {Clinical orthopaedics and related research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/CORR.0000000000001388}, pmid = {32657810}, issn = {1528-1132}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Virtual fracture clinics are an alternative to the traditional model of fracture care. Since their introduction in 2011, they have become increasingly used in the United Kingdom and Ireland. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) health crisis has driven institutions to examine such innovative solutions to manage patient care. The current controversies include quantifying safety outcomes, such as potential delayed or missed injuries, inadequate treatment, and medicolegal claims. Questions also exist regarding the potential for cost reductions and efficiencies that may be achieved. Physical distancing has limited the number of face-to-face consultations, so this review was conducted to determine if virtual fracture clinics can provide an acceptable alternative in these challenging times.
QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: The aim of this systematic review was to describe (1) adverse outcomes, (2) cost reductions, and (3) efficiencies associated with the virtual fracture clinic model.
METHODS: A systematic review of the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted from database inception to March 2020. The keywords "virtual" or "telemedicine" or "telehealth" or "remote" or "electronic" AND "fracture" or "trauma" or "triage" AND "clinic" or "consultation" were entered, using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Inclusion criteria included adults and children treated for injuries by a virtual clinic model at the initial review. Eligible injuries included injuries deemed to not need surgical intervention, and those able to be treated remotely using defined protocols. Exclusion criteria consisted of patients reviewed by telemedicine using video links or in person at the initial review. Initially, 1065 articles were identified, with 665 excluded as they did not relate to virtual fracture clinics. In all, 400 articles were screened for eligibility, and 27 full-text reviews were conducted on 18 studies (30,512 virtual fracture clinic encounters). Three subdomains focusing on adverse outcomes, cost reductions, and efficiencies were recorded. The term adverse outcomes was used to describe any complications, further surgeries, re-referrals back to the clinic, or deviations from the protocols. Efficiency described the number of patients reviewed and discharged using the model, savings in clinic slots, reduced waiting times, or a reduction in consumption of resources such as radiographs. All studies were observational and the quality was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa tool, which demonstrated a median score of 6 ± 1.8, indicating moderate quality.
RESULTS: Six studies reported adverse outcomes in detail, with events ranging from inappropriate splinting, deviations from protocols, and one patient underwent an osteotomy for a malunion. Efficiency varied from direct discharge proportions of 18% in early studies to 100% once the virtual fracture clinic model was more established. Cost reductions compared with estimates derived from conventional fracture clinics varied from USD 53 to USD 297 and USD 39,125 to USD 305876 compared with traditional fracture clinic visits.
CONCLUSIONS: Virtual fracture clinics may provide a means to treat patients remotely, using agreed-upon protocols. They have an important role in the current COVID-19 pandemic, due to the possibility to provide ongoing care in an otherwise challenging setting. More robust studies looking at this model of care will be needed to assess its long-term effects on patients, institutions, and health care systems.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, therapeutic study.}, }
@article {pmid32657805, year = {2020}, author = {Khor, WB and Yip, L and Zhao, P and Foo, VHX and Lim, L and Ting, DSW and Loon, SC and Wong, E and Yong, V and Tan, C and Wong, TY and Wong, HT}, title = {Evolving Practice Patterns in Singapore's Public Sector Ophthalmology Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/APO.0000000000000306}, pmid = {32657805}, issn = {2162-0989}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, and has since become a global pandemic. Singapore was one of the first countries outside of China to be affected and reported its first case in January 2020. Strategies that were deployed successfully during the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome have had to evolve to contain this novel coronavirus. Like the rest of the health care services in Singapore, the practice of ophthalmology has also had to adapt to this rapidly changing crisis. This article discusses the measures put in place by the 3 largest ophthalmology centers in Singapore's public sector in response to COVID-19, and the challenges of providing eye care in the face of stringent infection control directives, staff redeployments and "social distancing." The recently imposed "circuit breaker," effectively a partial lockdown of the country, has further limited our work to only the most essential of services. Our staff are also increasingly part of frontline efforts in the screening and care of patients with COVID-19. However, this crisis has also been an opportunity to push ahead with innovative practices and given momentum to the use of teleophthalmology and other digital technologies. Amidst this uncertainty, our centers are already planning for how ophthalmology in Singapore will be practiced in this next stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, and beyond.}, }
@article {pmid32657802, year = {2020}, author = {Kadkhoda, K}, title = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, original antigenic sin, and antibody-dependent enhancement: ménage à trois.}, journal = {Current opinion in rheumatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/BOR.0000000000000728}, pmid = {32657802}, issn = {1531-6963}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Shortly after its emergence in December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is the seventh member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses that causes disease in humans.
THE PROBLEM: Despite the established role of molecular diagnostics, COVID-19 serodiagnosis remains a poorly discovered and enigmatic area. Although there are numerous commercial serological products available globally, there is a severe paucity of high-quality peer-reviewed literature on their true performance characteristics. That being said, publications including in-house developed serological tests started to shed light on the kinetics of the humoral response.
SUMMARY: In spite of intense focus of assessing the performance characteristics of the commercially-available kits, the main issue remains rather invisible, that is, lack of solid science behind COVID-19 serology its clinical usefulness thereof. This short review summarizes the key points as to why COVID-19 is not jest ready to fly.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Despite having been mentioned as a testing option, COVID-19 serology has significant shortcomings that needs discussing. This short review is meant to shed light on one of those aspects.}, }
@article {pmid32657788, year = {2020}, author = {Scarcella, J}, title = {Courage in the Face of COVID-19.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003591}, pmid = {32657788}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid32657786, year = {2020}, author = {Li, HO and Bailey, AMJ}, title = {Medical Education Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: New Perspectives for the Future.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003594}, pmid = {32657786}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid32657785, year = {2020}, author = {Roll, R and Chiu, M and Huang, C}, title = {Answering the Call to Action: COVID-19 Curriculum Design by Students for Students.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003588}, pmid = {32657785}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid32657784, year = {2020}, author = {Schlégl, ÁT and Pintér, Z and Kovács, A and Kopjár, E and Varga, P and Kardos, D and Gasz, B and Füzesi, Z}, title = {Teaching Basic Surgical Skills Using Homemade Tools in Response to COVID-19.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003586}, pmid = {32657784}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid32657783, year = {2020}, author = {Zaki, MM and Nahed, BV}, title = {Utilizing Virtual Interviews in Residency Selection Beyond COVID-19.}, journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/ACM.0000000000003589}, pmid = {32657783}, issn = {1938-808X}, }
@article {pmid32657754, year = {2020}, author = {Schreckenbach, T and Lahrsow, M and Fritsch, N}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic--A Complicated Case of Appendicitis.}, journal = {Deutsches Arzteblatt international}, volume = {117}, number = {20}, pages = {364}, doi = {10.3238/arztebl.2020.0364}, pmid = {32657754}, issn = {1866-0452}, }
@article {pmid32657736, year = {2020}, author = {George, R and George, A}, title = {Prevention of COVID-19 in the workplace.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {4}, pages = {269-270}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14723}, pmid = {32657736}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657733, year = {2020}, author = {Reid, M and Suleman, F and De Villiers, M}, title = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An urgent need to relook at the training of the African health workforce.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {4}, pages = {12875}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14713}, pmid = {32657733}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657732, year = {2020}, author = {George, R and George, A}, title = {COVID-19 as an occupational disease?.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {4}, pages = {12874}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14712}, pmid = {32657732}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657731, year = {2020}, author = {Preiser, W and Mendelson, M and Taljaard, J}, title = {Optimising influenza vaccination during a SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in South Africa could help maintain the integrity of our healthcare system.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {4}, pages = {12873}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14692}, pmid = {32657731}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657730, year = {2020}, author = {Preiser, W and Van Zyl, G and Dramowski, A}, title = {COVID-19: Getting ahead of the epidemic curve by early implementation of social distancing.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {4}, pages = {12876}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i4.14720}, pmid = {32657730}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657716, year = {2020}, author = {Singh, JA and Moodley, K}, title = {Critical care triaging in the shadow of COVID-19: Ethics considerations.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {355-359}, pmid = {32657716}, issn = {2078-5135}, abstract = {Since the World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a Public Health Emergency of International Concern, COVID-19 infection and the associated mortality have increased exponentially, globally. South Africa (SA) is no exception. Concerns abound over whether SA's healthcare system can withstand a demand for care that is disproportionate to current resources, both in the state and private health sectors. While healthcare professionals in SA have become resilient and adept at making difficult decisions in the face of resource limitations, a surge in COVID-19 cases could place a severe strain on the country's critical care services and necessitate unprecedented rationing decisions. This could occur at two critical points: access to ventilation, and withdrawal of intensive care in non- responsive or deteriorating cases. The ethical dimensions of decision-making at both junctures merit urgent consideration.}, }
@article {pmid32657711, year = {2020}, author = {Le Grange, JM and Dickinson, SJ and Davis, JRJ}, title = {Capacity building during COVID-19: Utilising South Africa's underutilised international medical graduates.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {343-344}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14767}, pmid = {32657711}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657710, year = {2020}, author = {Boffa, J and Mhlaba, T and Sulis, G and Moyo, S and Sifumba, Z and Pai, M and Daftary, A}, title = {COVID-19 and tuberculosis in South Africa: A dangerous combination.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {341-342}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14747}, pmid = {32657710}, issn = {2078-5135}, abstract = {There has been much speculation during the past week about the catastrophe that awaits once coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) establishes itself in the poorest communities of South Africa (SA) and, importantly, in informal settlements. Evidence to date suggests that COVID-19 is efficiently passed from infected individuals via large droplets and hard-surface fomites.}, }
@article {pmid32657709, year = {2020}, author = {Nkonki, L and Fonn, S}, title = {Decisive and strong leadership and intersectoral action from South Africa in response to the COVID-19 virus.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {339-340}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14739}, pmid = {32657709}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657708, year = {2020}, author = {George, R and George, A}, title = {Compensation for occupationally acquired COVID-19.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {12880}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14743}, pmid = {32657708}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657706, year = {2020}, author = {Decloedt, EH and Reuter, H and Allwood, B and Parker, A and Koegelenberg, CFN and Blockman, M and Taljaard, J}, title = {Benefit v. risk when using chloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19 disease.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {12903}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14761}, pmid = {32657706}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657705, year = {2020}, author = {Fagan, JJ and Cairncross, L and Biccard, B and Fieggen, G and Maswime, S}, title = {COVID-19 exposes health worker shortages in the USA and UK, but nationalism and self-interest must not exploit medical workforces from low- and middle-income countries.}, journal = {South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde}, volume = {110}, number = {5}, pages = {12905}, doi = {10.7196/SAMJ.2020.v110i5.14774}, pmid = {32657705}, issn = {2078-5135}, }
@article {pmid32657671, year = {2020}, author = {Seiler, NK and Swamy, R and Xiao, J and Yun, Y}, title = {Tobacco smoking cessation in mental health services during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of addictive diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1080/10550887.2020.1791379}, pmid = {32657671}, issn = {1545-0848}, abstract = {Tobacco smoking is more prevalent among people who experience mental illness. It is therefore a prominent issue for psychiatric inpatient units. The COVID-19 pandemic has meant that many psychiatric inpatient units are no longer granting leave and outdoor smoking breaks, prompting the question of whether to allow tobacco smoking or enforce smoking bans in mental health services. There is currently mixed evidence that tobacco smoking is associated with a higher risk of developing COVID-19 and poorer outcomes for COVID-19 cases, potentially due to current small sample sizes. Considering the benefits of smoking cessation in this vulnerable population, the current pandemic should be used as an opportunity to further enforce smoking cessation in mental health facilities and encourage nicotine replacement therapy alongside cessation counseling.}, }
@article {pmid32657669, year = {2020}, author = {Ataguba, OA and Ataguba, JE}, title = {Social determinants of health: the role of effective communication in the COVID-19 pandemic in developing countries.}, journal = {Global health action}, volume = {13}, number = {1}, pages = {1788263}, doi = {10.1080/16549716.2020.1788263}, pmid = {32657669}, issn = {1654-9880}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected many countries with increasing morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, many of the actions and policies adopted in countries are linked to the social determinants of health (SDH). The SDH are critical determinants of health and health inequalities that are not directly within the health sector. Policies such as social distancing, good hygiene, avoiding large gatherings, cancelling of social and sports events, using personal protective equipment, schools and restaurants closure, country lockdown, etc. are not necessarily within the health sector but have been promoted to prevent and attenuate COVID-19 infection rates significantly. The SDH that serve to reduce morbidity will forestall or substantially reduce the pressure on many weak health systems in developing countries that cannot cope with increased hospitalisation and intensive health care. This paper argues that one of the most critical social determinants of health (i.e. effective crisis and risk communication), is crucial in many developing countries, including those with fewer confirmed coronavirus cases. We note that the effectiveness of many of the other SDH in reducing the burden of the COVID-19 pandemic hinges on effective communication, especially crisis and risk communication. Although many countries are adopting different communication strategies during the COVID-19 crisis, effective crisis and risk communication will lead to building trust, credibility, honesty, transparency, and accountability. The peculiarity of many developing countries in terms of regional, cultural, linguistic and ethnic diversity is an essential consideration in ensuring effective crisis and risk communication. Developing countries facing significant poverty and disease burden cannot afford to handle the burgeoning of COVID-19 infections and must take preventive measures seriously. Thus, we submit that there is a need to intensify SDH actions and ensure that no one is left behind when communicating crisis and risk to the population to address the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32657666, year = {2020}, author = {Maini, A and Saravanan, Y and Singh, TA and Fyfe, M}, title = {Coaching skills for medical education in a VUCA world.}, journal = {Medical teacher}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-2}, doi = {10.1080/0142159X.2020.1788713}, pmid = {32657666}, issn = {1466-187X}, abstract = {The world is in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare professionals and students globally are experiencing an increasingly 'VUCA' (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) healthcare and educational climate. Our future medical workforce needs skillsets to manage the personal and emotional challenges of work, uncertainty and change. These include organization, time management, proactive and consistent clinical skill development, effective communication, person-centred approaches, self-reflection and self-care. This is critical for success during undergraduate medical education and ongoing clinical practice to build personal resilience, provide the best possible clinical care in a different healthcare ecosystem, innovate for better healthcare systems and advocate for more vulnerable communities. Our faculty and students have been eager to learn and apply solution-oriented coaching skills to help to mitigate against burnout, hold more rewarding, person-centred conversations in clinical practice and enable them personally to respond flexibly and adapt constructively to change. Coaching training should comprise an essential component of the undergraduate medical curriculum and continuing professional development, supporting our medical workforce to derive joy from the practice of humanistic healthcare and develop the leadership skills to help shape a way forward through the challenges we are experiencing in an increasingly VUCA healthcare climate.}, }
@article {pmid32657643, year = {2020}, author = {de Lima Menezes, G and da Silva, RA}, title = {Identification of potential drugs against SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 1 (nsp1).}, journal = {Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-11}, doi = {10.1080/07391102.2020.1792992}, pmid = {32657643}, issn = {1538-0254}, abstract = {Non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is found in all Betacoronavirus genus, an important viral group that causes severe respiratory human diseases. This protein has significant role in pathogenesis and it is considered a probably major virulence factor. As it is absent in humans, it becomes an interesting target of study, especially when it comes to the rational search for drugs, since it increases the specificity of the target and reduces possible adverse effects that may be caused to the patient. Using approaches in silico we seek to study the behavior of nsp1 in solution to obtain its most stable conformation and find possible drugs with affinity to all of them. For this purpose, complete model of nsp1 of SARS-CoV-2 were predicted and its stability analyzed by molecular dynamics simulations in five different replicas. After main pocket validation using two control drugs and the main conformations of nsp1, molecular docking based on virtual screening were performed to identify novel potential inhibitors from DrugBank database. It has been found 16 molecules in common to all five nsp1 replica conformations. Three of them was ranked as the best compounds among them and showed better energy score than control molecules that have in vitro activity against nsp1 from SARS-CoV-2. The results pointed out here suggest new potential drugs for therapy to aid the rational drug search against COVID-19. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.}, }
@article {pmid32657635, year = {2020}, author = {Ulrich, CM and Anderson, EE and Walter, JK}, title = {COVID-19: Advancing Empirical Bioethics Research.}, journal = {AJOB empirical bioethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1080/23294515.2020.1785043}, pmid = {32657635}, issn = {2329-4523}, }
@article {pmid32657629, year = {2020}, author = {Fallon, D and McGhee, K and Davies, J and MacLeod, F and Clarke, S and Sinclair, W}, title = {Capturing the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children's Nursing.}, journal = {Comprehensive child and adolescent nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-5}, doi = {10.1080/24694193.2020.1788346}, pmid = {32657629}, issn = {2469-4207}, }
@article {pmid32657623, year = {2020}, author = {Mackman, N and Antoniak, S and Wolberg, AS and Kasthuri, R and Key, NS}, title = {Coagulation Abnormalities and Thrombosis in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 and Other Pandemic Viruses.}, journal = {Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {ATVBAHA120314514}, doi = {10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.314514}, pmid = {32657623}, issn = {1524-4636}, abstract = {The world is amid a pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus causes serious respiratory tract infections that can lead to viral pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an activated coagulation system characterized by elevated plasma levels of d-dimer-a biomarker of fibrin degradation. Importantly, high levels of D-dimer on hospital admission are associated with increased risk of mortality. Venous thromboembolism is more common than arterial thromboembolism in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Pulmonary thrombosis and microvascular thrombosis are observed in autopsy studies, and this may contribute to the severe hypoxia observed in COVID-19 patients. It is likely that multiple systems contribute to thrombosis in COVID-19 patients, such as activation of coagulation, platelet activation, hypofibrinolysis, endothelial cell dysfunction, inflammation, neutrophil extracellular traps, and complement. Targeting these different pathways may reduce thrombosis and improve lung function in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32657606, year = {2020}, author = {Monfared, A and Balou, HA and Hamidi Madani, A and Rahbar Taramsari, M and Hemmati, H and Mohammadzadeh, A and Gharib, C and Pourkazemi, A and Heidarzadeh, A and Shenavar, I and Akhoundzadeh, L}, title = {Management of COVID-19 Crisis in Guilan Province in Northern Iran.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {511-513}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.52}, pmid = {32657606}, issn = {1735-3947}, }
@article {pmid32657605, year = {2020}, author = {Naser Moghadasi, A and Azadvari, M and Sahraian, MA}, title = {Rehabilitation Recommendations for Multiple Sclerosis Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {509-510}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.51}, pmid = {32657605}, issn = {1735-3947}, }
@article {pmid32657604, year = {2020}, author = {Dooghaie Moghadam, A and Eslami, P and Razavi-Khorasani, N and Moazzami, B and Mousavizadeh, M and Zali, MR and Sadeghi, A}, title = {The Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Liver Transplant Patients; Time to Change the Priorities.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {507-508}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.50}, pmid = {32657604}, issn = {1735-3947}, }
@article {pmid32657603, year = {2020}, author = {Dooghaie Moghadam, A and Eslami, P and Razavi-Khorasani, N and Moazzami, B and Mousavizadeh, M and Kalantar Motamedi, M}, title = {Colorectal Cancer Surgery during COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran; Most Appropriate Approach.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {505-506}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.49}, pmid = {32657603}, issn = {1735-3947}, }
@article {pmid32657602, year = {2020}, author = {Ghadir, MR and Ebrazeh, A and Khodadadi, J and Zamanlu, M and Shams, S and Nasiri, M and Koohpaei, A and Abbasinia, M and Sharifipour, E and Golzari, SE}, title = {The COVID-19 Outbreak in Iran; The First Patient with a Definite Diagnosis.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {503-504}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.48}, pmid = {32657602}, issn = {1735-3947}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus, formerly named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) caused a rapidly spreading epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Wuhan, China and thereafter, progressed globally to form a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in numerous countries; and now confirmed cases are reported from several provinces of Iran. Now various medical centers, clinicians and researchers around the world share their data and experiences about COVID-19 in order to participate in the global attempt of controlling the pandemic. The current report investigates the clinical presentations and paraclinical findings of the first confirmed cases and mortalities in the initiation of the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran.}, }
@article {pmid32657601, year = {2020}, author = {Rajani, HF and Alshaikh, FA and Anushiravani, A}, title = {SARS-CoV-2; What We Know so far.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {498-502}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.47}, pmid = {32657601}, issn = {1735-3947}, abstract = {A recent outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 1100000 (April 5, 2020) individuals worldwide and is spreading rapidly. The virus is reported to be derived from bats and the infection was first reported in China. Similar to the severe acute respiratory syndrome and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, it is responsible for respiratory tract infection. Real time polymerase chain reaction and radiography are the two main diagnostic methods. Guidelines from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization (WHO) should be followed for diagnostic and precautionary measures. Treatment of the infection is still not available; however, antivirals are under clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid32657596, year = {2020}, author = {Chaibakhsh, S and Pourhoseingholi, A and Vahedi, M}, title = {Global Incidence and Mortality Rate of COVID-19; Special Focus on Iran, Italy and China.}, journal = {Archives of Iranian medicine}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {455-461}, doi = {10.34172/aim.2020.42}, pmid = {32657596}, issn = {1735-3947}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new coronavirus, was diagnosed in China in December 2019. Around the globe, a total of 71429 were infected up to February 17, 2020, with 98.9% of cases in China. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19 as 'pandemic'. Rapid positive worldwide incidence was the motivation behind this study to investigate the incidence and mortality globally.
METHODS: We used the data published by the WHO until March 9, 2020. Non-parametric tests and change point analysis were used for inferences.
RESULTS: Change point analysis for Iran and China and the world excluding China for the first 20 days revealed around 78, 195 and 2 further new cases per day, respectively. Italy had a big jump in incidence on the 36th day. Similarly, a sharp rise of positive cases was reported for the world on the 35th day. China successfully controlled the ascending reports of incidence on the 23rd day. Mortality in China and the world were almost similar for the first 20 days. There was an ascending incidence trend with two change points in Italy (30th and 36th days) and one change point in Iran on the 17th day. Mortality in the world jumped remarkably after day 42 with an estimation of almost more than 25 deaths per day.
CONCLUSION: The incidence of COVID-19 varied by regions; however, after March 11, it became 'pandemic'. It was observed that after about 6 days with an emergence of sharp increase in incidences, there would be a mutation in mortality rate. On the other hand, the importance of 'on-time' quarantine programs in controlling this virus was confirmed.}, }
@article {pmid32657586, year = {2020}, author = {Whetton, AD and Preston, GW and Abubeker, S and Geifman, N}, title = {Proteomics and informatics for understanding phases and identifying biomarkers in COVID-19 disease.}, journal = {Journal of proteome research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00326}, pmid = {32657586}, issn = {1535-3907}, abstract = {The emergence of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, has necessitated the urgent development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Rapid research and development, on an international scale, has already generated assays for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host immunoglobulins. However, the complexities of COVID-19 are such that a fuller definition of patient status, trajectory, sequelae and responses to therapy is now required. There is accumulating evidence - from studies of both COVID-19 and the related disease SARS - that protein biomarkers could help to provide this definition. Proteins associated with blood coagulation (D-dimer), cell damage (lactate dehydrogenase) and the inflammatory response (e.g. C-reactive protein) have already been identified as possible predictors of COVID-19 severity or mortality. Proteomics technologies, with their ability to detect many proteins per analysis, have begun to extend these early findings. In order to be effective, proteomics strategies must include not only methods for comprehensive data acquisition (e.g. using mass spectrometry) but also informatics approaches via which to derive actionable information from large data-sets. Here we review applications of proteomics to COVID-19 and SARS, and outline how pipelines involving technologies such as artificial intelligence could be of value for research on these diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32657566, year = {2020}, author = {Behzadinasab, S and Chin, A and Hosseini, M and Poon, LLM and Ducker, WA}, title = {A Surface Coating that Rapidly Inactivates SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {ACS applied materials & interfaces}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acsami.0c11425}, pmid = {32657566}, issn = {1944-8252}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the disease COVID-19, remains viable on solids for periods of up to one week, so one potential route for human infection is via exposure to an infectious dose from a solid. We have fabricated and tested a coating that is designed to reduce the longevity of SARS-CoV-2 on solids. The coating consists of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) particles bound with polyurethane. After one hour on coated glass or stainless steel, the viral titer was reduced by about 99.9% on average compared to the uncoated sample. An advantage of a polyurethane-based coating is that polyurethane is already used to coat a large number of everyday objects. Our coating adheres well to glass and stainless steel, as well as everyday items that people may fear to touch during a pandemic, such as a doorknob, a pen, and a credit card keypad button. The coating performs well in the cross-hatch durability test and remains intact and active after 13 days immersed in water, or after exposure to multiple cycles of exposure to virus and disinfection.}, }
@article {pmid32657563, year = {2020}, author = {Dev, N and Kumar, V and Sankar, J}, title = {COVID-19 infection outbreak among health care workers: perspective from a low-middle income country.}, journal = {Monaldi archives for chest disease = Archivio Monaldi per le malattie del torace}, volume = {90}, number = {3}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4081/monaldi.2020.1474}, pmid = {32657563}, issn = {1122-0643}, abstract = {To the Editor, The new pandemic COVID -19 caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global threat. So far, more than 11 million infections and more than five hundred thousand deaths have been reported worldwide. In India the number of cases as of 5th July, 2020 is 6,73,165 with 19,268 deaths. Health care workers (HCWs) have been the backbone of this pandemic since the very beginning...}, }
@article {pmid32657550, year = {2020}, author = {Pascual Gómez, NF and Monge Lobo, I and Granero Cremades, I and Figuerola Tejerina, A and Ramasco Rueda, F and von Wernitz Teleki, A and Arrabal Campos, FM and Sanz de Benito, MA}, title = {[Potential biomarkers predictors of mortality in COVID-19 patients in the Emergency Department].}, journal = {Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.37201/req/060.2020}, pmid = {32657550}, issn = {1988-9518}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Identify which biomarkers performed in the first emergency analysis help to stratify COVID-19 patients according to mortality risk.
METHODS: Observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study performed with data collected from patients with suspected COVID-19 in the Emergency Department from February 24 to March 16, 2020. The univariate and multivariate study was performed to find independent mortality markers and calculate risk by building a severity score.
RESULTS: A total of 163 patients were included, of whom 33 died and 29 of them were positive for the COVID-19 PCR test. We obtained as possible factors to conform the Mortality Risk Score age> 75 years ((adjusted OR = 12,347, 95% CI: 4,138-36,845 p = 0.001), total leukocytes> 11,000 cells / mm3 (adjusted OR = 2,649, 95% CI: 0.879-7.981 p = 0.083), glucose> 126 mg / dL (adjusted OR = 3.716, 95% CI: 1.247-11.074 p = 0.018) and creatinine> 1.1 mg / dL (adjusted OR = 2.566, 95% CI: 0.889- 7.403, p = 0.081) This score was called COVEB (COVID, Age, Basic analytical profile) with an AUC 0.874 (95% CI: 0.816-0.933, p <0.001; Cut-off point = 1 (sensitivity = 89.66 % (95% CI: 72.6% -97.8%), specificity = 75.59% (95% CI: 67.2% -82.8%). A score <1 has a negative predictive value = 100% (95% CI: 93.51% -100%) and a positive predictive value = 18.59% (95% CI: 12.82% -25.59%).
CONCLUSIONS: Clinical severity scales, kidney function biomarkers, white blood cell count parameters, the total neutrophils / total lymphocytes ratio and procalcitonin are early risk factors for mortality. The variables age, glucose, creatinine and total leukocytes stand out as the best predictors of mortality. A COVEB score <1 indicates with a 100% probability that the patient with suspected COVID-19 will not die in the next 30 days.}, }
@article {pmid32657548, year = {2020}, author = {Kong, D and Wang, Y and Lu, L and Wu, H and Ye, C and Wagner, AL and Yang, J and Zheng, Y and Gong, X and Zhu, Y and Jin, B and Xiao, W and Mao, S and Jiang, C and Lin, S and Han, R and Yu, X and Cui, P and Fang, Q and Lu, Y and Pan, H}, title = {Clusters of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases in Chinese tour groups.}, journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/tbed.13729}, pmid = {32657548}, issn = {1865-1682}, abstract = {International travel may facilitate the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The study describes clusters of COVID-19 cases within Chinese tour groups travelling in Europe January 16-28. We compared characteristics of cases and non-cases to determine transmission dynamics. The index case travelled from Wuhan, China, to Europe on January 16, 2020, and to Shanghai, China, on January 27, 2020, within a tour group (group A). Tour groups with the same outbound flight (group B) or the same tourism venue (group D), and all Chinese passengers on the inbound flight (group C) were investigated. The outbreak involved 11 confirmed cases, 10 suspected cases, and 6 tourists who remained healthy. Group A, involving 7 confirmed cases and 6 suspected cases, consisted of familial transmission followed by propagative transmission. There was less pathogenicity with propagative transmission than with familial transmission. Disease was transmitted in shared outbound flights, shopping venues within Europe, and inbound flight back to China. The novel coronavirus caused clustered cases of COVID-19 in tour groups. When tourism and travel opens up, governments will need to improve screening at airports and consider increased surveillance of tour groups - particularly those with older tour members.}, }
@article {pmid32657540, year = {2020}, author = {Demir, E and Uyar, M and Parmaksiz, E and Sinangil, A and Yelken, B and Dirim, AB and Merhametsiz, O and Yadigar, S and Atan Ucar, Z and Ucar, AR and Demir, ME and Mese, M and Akin, EB and Garayeva, N and Safak, S and Oto, OA and Yazici, H and Turkmen, A}, title = {COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients: A multicenter experience in Istanbul.}, journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e13371}, doi = {10.1111/tid.13371}, pmid = {32657540}, issn = {1399-3062}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Management of COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients should include treatment of the infection, regulation of immunosuppression, and supportive therapy. However, there is no consensus on this issue yet. This study aimed to our experiences with kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with COVID-19 from five major transplant centers in Istanbul, Turkey, were included in this retrospective cohort study. Patients were classified as having moderate or severe pneumonia for the analysis. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The secondary endpoints were acute kidney injury, the average length of hospital stay, admission to intensive care, and mechanical ventilation.
RESULTS: Forty patients were reviewed retrospectively over a follow-up period of 32 days after being diagnosed with COVID-19. Cough, fever, and dyspnea were the most frequent symptoms in all patients. The frequency of previous induction and rejection therapy was significantly higher in the group with severe pneumonia compared to the moderate pneumonia group. None of the patients using cyclosporine A developed severe pneumonia. Five patients died during follow-up in the intensive care unit. None of the patients developed graft loss during follow-up.
DISCUSSION: COVID-19 has been seen to more commonly cause moderate or severe pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients. Immunosuppression should be carefully reduced in these patients. Induction therapy with lymphocyte-depleting agents should be carefully avoided in kidney transplant recipients during the pandemic period.}, }
@article {pmid32657537, year = {2020}, author = {Kong, J and Wang, T and Di, Z and Shi, B and Yu, X and Huang, C and Yang, Y and Sun, H and Yuan, D and Wu, D and Fu, J}, title = {Analysis of hematological indexes of COVID-19 patients from fever clinics in Suzhou, China.}, journal = {International journal of laboratory hematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ijlh.13290}, pmid = {32657537}, issn = {1751-553X}, support = {81730003//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, }
@article {pmid32657536, year = {2020}, author = {Pagliaro, M and Albo, Y and Ciriminna, R}, title = {New antivirals and antibacterials based on silver nanoparticles.}, journal = {ChemMedChem}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/cmdc.202000390}, pmid = {32657536}, issn = {1860-7187}, abstract = {Microencapsulated Ag nanoparticles, wee argument in this study, may shortly emerge as new generation antibacterials and antivirals of broad scope, low toxicity and affordable cost. The rediscovery of the medical uses of silver provides another noticeable example, this time at the interface of chemistry and medicine with implications concerning also COVID-19, of the real (and non-linear) progress of scientific research.}, }
@article {pmid32657527, year = {2020}, author = {Byrd, KM and Beckwith, CG and Garland, JM and Johnson, JE and Aung, S and Cu-Uvin, S and Farmakiotis, D and Flanigan, T and Gillani, FS and Macias-Gil, R and Mileno, M and Ramratnam, B and Rybak, NR and Sanchez, M and Tashima, K and Mylonakis, E and Kantor, R}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 and HIV coinfection: clinical experience from Rhode Island, United States.}, journal = {Journal of the International AIDS Society}, volume = {23}, number = {7}, pages = {e25573}, doi = {10.1002/jia2.25573}, pmid = {32657527}, issn = {1758-2652}, support = {K24 AI134359/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AI042853/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; }, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected >6 million people worldwide since December 2019. Global reports of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection are limited. To better understand the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on persons with HIV and improve their care, we present an outpatient and inpatient clinical experience of HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection from Rhode Island, US.
METHODS: We describe outpatient and inpatient preparedness for the COVID-19 pandemic, and present a case series of all known patients with HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection at The Miriam Hospital and Rhode Island Hospital, and The Miriam Hospital Infectious Diseases and Immunology Center, in Providence, Rhode Island, US.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The Infectious Diseases and Immunology Center rapidly prepared for outpatient and inpatient care of persons with HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Between 30 March and 20 May 2020, 27 patients with HIV were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2. Twenty were male, six female and one transgender female; average age was 49 years; 13/27 were Hispanic and 6/27 were African American. All had HIV viral load <200 copies/mL and were on antiretroviral therapy with CD4 count range 87 to 1441 cells/µL. Twenty-six of the 27 had common COVID-19 symptoms for one to twenty-eight days and most had other co-morbidities and/or risk factors. Nine of the 27 were hospitalized for one to thirteen days; of those, three lived in a nursing home, six received remdesivir through a clinical trial or emergency use authorization and tolerated it well; eight recovered and one died. Overall, 17% of known Center people had HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, whereas the comparable state-wide prevalence was 9%.
CONCLUSIONS: We highlight challenges of outpatient and inpatient HIV care in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic and present the largest detailed case series to date from the United States on HIV/SARS-CoV-2 coinfection, adding to limited global reports. The aggregated clinical findings suggest that the clinical presentation and outcomes of COVID-19 appear consistent with those without HIV. Whether SARS-CoV-2 infection is more frequent among persons with HIV remains to be determined. More data are needed as we develop our understanding of how HIV and antiretroviral therapy are affected by or have an impact on this pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32657498, year = {2020}, author = {Callinan, S and MacLean, S}, title = {COVID-19 makes a stronger research focus on home drinking more important than ever.}, journal = {Drug and alcohol review}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/dar.13125}, pmid = {32657498}, issn = {1465-3362}, support = {DE180100016//Australian Research Council/ ; DP2000003316//Australian Research Council/ ; //Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education/ ; }, }
@article {pmid32657484, year = {2020}, author = {Amano, T}, title = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 as a Versatile Player in the Management of Coronavirus Disease 2019.}, journal = {Journal of diabetes investigation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jdi.13346}, pmid = {32657484}, issn = {2040-1124}, abstract = {In view of the global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there are ongoing efforts aimed at predicting potential factors causing clinical exacerbation of COVID-19 and at seeking effective therapies for COVID-19.Recent studies have indicated that severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor for cellular invasion and subsequent replication.}, }
@article {pmid32657483, year = {2020}, author = {Parlakpinar, H and Polat, S and Acet, HA}, title = {Pharmacological agents under investigation in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 and the importance of melatonin.}, journal = {Fundamental & clinical pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/fcp.12589}, pmid = {32657483}, issn = {1472-8206}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a life-threatening infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 pandemic causing morbidities and even deaths worldwide revealed that there is urgent need to find pharmacological agents or vaccines. Although there are a lot of agents under investigation, there is no approved agent for the prevention or treatment of the COVID-19 yet. Treatment of patients remains mainly supportive as well as compassionate use of the agents under investigation. It is well established that excessive inflammatory and immune response as well as oxidative injury play a critical role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we aimed to update knowledge about pathogenesis, clinical features and pharmacological treatment of COVID-19 and review the potential beneficial effects of ancient antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecule melatonin for prevention and treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32657473, year = {2020}, author = {Ji, X and Tan, W and Zhang, C and Zhai, Y and Hsueh, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhang, C and Lu, Y and Duan, B and Tan, G and Na, R and Deng, G and Niu, G}, title = {TWIRLS, a knowledge-mining technology, suggests a possible mechanism for the pathological changes in the human host after coronavirus infection via ACE2.}, journal = {Drug development research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ddr.21717}, pmid = {32657473}, issn = {1098-2299}, support = {2020NCPZX01//Chongqing Health Commission COVID-19 Project/ ; 17QNP010//PLA Youth Talent Project/ ; }, abstract = {Faced with the current large-scale public health emergency, collecting, sorting, and analyzing biomedical information related to the "SARS-CoV-2" should be done as quickly as possible to gain a global perspective, which is a basic requirement for strengthening epidemic control capacity. However, for human researchers studying viruses and hosts, the vast amount of information available cannot be processed effectively and in a timely manner, particularly if our scientific understanding is also limited, which further lowers the information processing efficiency. We present TWIRLS (Topic-wise inference engine of massive biomedical literatures), a method that can deal with various scientific problems, such as liver cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and so forth, which can automatically acquire, organize, and classify information. Additionally, this information can be combined with independent functional data sources to build an inference system via a machine-based approach, which can provide relevant knowledge to help human researchers quickly establish subject cognition and to make more effective decisions. Using TWIRLS, we automatically analyzed more than three million words in more than 14,000 literature articles in only 4 hr. We found that an important regulatory factor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) may be involved in host pathological changes on binding to the coronavirus after infection. On triggering functional changes in ACE2/AT2R, the cytokine homeostasis regulation axis becomes imbalanced via the Renin-Angiotensin System and IP-10, leading to a cytokine storm. Through a preliminary analysis of blood indices of COVID-19 patients with a history of hypertension, we found that non-ARB (Angiotensin II receptor blockers) users had more symptoms of severe illness than ARB users. This suggests ARBs could potentially be used to treat acute lung injury caused by coronavirus infection.}, }
@article {pmid32657469, year = {2020}, author = {Mechili, EA and Saliaj, A and Kamberi, F and Girvalaki, C and Peto, E and Patelarou, AE and Bucaj, J and Patelarou, E}, title = {Is the mental health of young students and their family members affected during the quarantine period? Evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Albania.}, journal = {Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jpm.12672}, pmid = {32657469}, issn = {1365-2850}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The use of quarantine method has a significant impact on mental health status.
AIM: This study aimed to assess the levels of depression among bachelor and master university students (nurses/midwives) and their family members' during the quarantine period of COVID-19 pandemic.
METHOD: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Vlora University, Albania. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was used. Institutional e-mails of all active students were used for their recruitment.
RESULTS: In total, 863 students and 249 family members participated in the study. The mean PHQ-9 score was 6.220 (SD=5.803) and 6.280 (SD=5.857) for students and family members, respectively. Being unsatisfied with COVID-19 prevention measures, beliefs that COVID-19 infection and quarantine process can cause problems on their health status were the key factors for students to be screened positive for mental problems in multiple regression analysis. For parents, the last two factors were found to contribute significantly.
DISCUSSION: Our findings indicate that quarantine measures have a significant impact on the levels of depression among both university students and their family members. Broader population studies are necessary to safeguard these results.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Provision of mental health services during the quarantine period is of paramount significance. Mental health first aid trainingand support could benefit both students and their parents significantly. Additionally, follow up services after the end of quarantine are recommended.}, }
@article {pmid32657465, year = {2020}, author = {Tan, R and Yu, T and Luo, K and Teng, F and Liu, Y and Luo, J and Hu, D}, title = {Experiences of clinical first-line nurses treating patients with COVID-19: A qualitative study.}, journal = {Journal of nursing management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jonm.13095}, pmid = {32657465}, issn = {1365-2834}, abstract = {AIM: To explore the work experience of clinical first-line nurses treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has been listed as an international public health emergency. Clinical first-line nurses are at a high risk of infection, and they face a lack of experience and inadequate preparation for COVID-19, leading to physical and psychological disorders.
METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted from January to February, 2020 at a COVID-19-designated hospital in Wuhan, China. Thirty nurses were selected for the study using a purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis.
RESULTS: Two main categories were defined in the study from the perspective of nurses: negative experiences during clinical first-line work and positive impacts of clinical first-line work. Under the first category, two subcategories were included: psychological experiences of clinical first-line work and difficulties faced during clinical first-line work. The analysis further yielded two subcategories for the second category: the needs of clinical first-line work and the impact of clinical first-line work on professional attitudes.
CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that success depends upon strengthening emergency training and knowledge of infectious diseases for nurses, providing adequate protective equipment, and improving the emergency response plans of hospitals for public health emergencies.
It is believed that our findings will guide hospital managers to make improvements in personal, administrative, and institutional areas, and that they will provide a reference and inspiration for nurses with regard to public health emergencies in the future.}, }
@article {pmid32657464, year = {2020}, author = {Baeck, M and Herman, A and Peeters, C and Marot, L and Hermans, C}, title = {Are chilblains a skin expression of COVID-19 microangiopathy?.}, journal = {Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jth.15008}, pmid = {32657464}, issn = {1538-7836}, abstract = {The unexpected outbreak of chilblains during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been causally linked to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) infection (1). The pathophysiology of these chilblains observed in otherwise healthy patients is widely discussed.}, }
@article {pmid32657449, year = {2020}, author = {Zhan, Y and Liu, Y and Liu, H and Li, M and Shen, Y and Gui, L and Zhang, J and Luo, Z and Tao, X and Yu, J}, title = {Factors associated with insomnia among Chinese frontline nurses Fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan: A cross-sectional survey.}, journal = {Journal of nursing management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jonm.13094}, pmid = {32657449}, issn = {1365-2834}, abstract = {AIM: To investigate the prevalence of insomnia among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19 in Wuhan, China and analyze its influencing factors.
BACKGROUND: Insomnia is an important factor that can affect the health and work quality of nurses. However, There is a lack of big-sample studies exploring factors that affect the insomnia of nurses fighting against COVID-19.
METHOD: This cross-sectional study using the Ascension Insomnia Scale, Fatigue Scale-14, and Perceived Stress Scale took place in March 2020. Participants were 1,794 frontline nurses from four tertiary-level general hospitals.
RESULTS: The prevalence of insomnia among participants was 52.8%. Insomnia was predicted by gender, working experience, chronic diseases, midday nap duration, direct participation in rescue of patients with COVID-19, frequency of night shifts, professional psychological assistance during the pandemic, negative experiences (such as family, friends, or colleagues being seriously ill or dying due to COVID-19), the degree of fear of COVID-19, fatigue, and perceived stress.
CONCLUSION: The level of insomnia among participants was higher than the normal level. Interventions based on influencing factors should be implemented to ensure nurses' sleep quality.
An in-depth understanding of the influencing factors of insomnia among frontline nurses can help nurse managers develop solutions to improve frontline nurses' sleep quality, which will enhance the physical and mental conditions of nurses and promote the quality of care.}, }
@article {pmid32657445, year = {2020}, author = {Goldberg, AB and Kyung, S and Swearingen, S and Rao, A}, title = {Expecting the unexpected: Echo laboratory preparedness in the time of COVID-19.}, journal = {Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/echo.14763}, pmid = {32657445}, issn = {1540-8175}, abstract = {COVID-19 poses a unique set of challenges to the healthcare system due to its rapid spread, intensive resource utilization, and relatively high morbidity and mortality. Healthcare workers are at especially high risk of exposure given the viruses spread through close contact. Reported cardiac complications of COVID-19 include myocarditis, acute coronary syndrome, cardiomyopathy, pericardial effusion, arrhythmia, and shock. Thus, echocardiography is integral in the timely diagnosis and clinical management of COVID-19 patients. Rush University Medical Center has been at the forefront of the COVID-19 response in Illinois with high numbers of cases reported in Chicago and surrounding areas. The echocardiography laboratory at Rush University Medical Center (RUMC) proactively took numerous steps to balance the imaging needs of a busy, nearly 700-bed academic medical center while maintaining safety.}, }
@article {pmid32657436, year = {2020}, author = {Hetland, G and Johnson, E and Bernardshaw, SV and Grinde, B}, title = {Can medicinal mushrooms have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against COVID-19 and its pneumonic superinfection and complicating inflammation?.}, journal = {Scandinavian journal of immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e12937}, doi = {10.1111/sji.12937}, pmid = {32657436}, issn = {1365-3083}, abstract = {Medicinal mushrooms have documented effects against different diseases, including infections and inflammatory disorders. The related Basidiomycota Agaricus blazei Murill (AbM), Hericium erinaceus (HE) and Grifola frondosa (GF) have been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against viral agents, Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and parasites in vitro and in vivo. Since the mechanism is immunomodulatory and not antibiotical the mushrooms should be active against multi-drug resistant microbes as well. Moreover, since these Basidiomycota also have anti-inflammatory properties, they may be suited for treatment of the severe lung inflammation that often follows COVID-19 infection. An AbM-based mushroom extract (AndosanTM), also containing HE and GF, has been shown to significantly reduce bacteremia and increase survival in mice with pneumococcal sepsis, and to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients via an anti-inflammatory effect. Hence, such mushroom extracts could have prophylactic or therapeutic effect against the pneumonic superinfection and severe lung inflammation that often complicates COVID-19 infection. Here, we review antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties of AbM, HE and GF mushrooms, which could be used for the battle against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32657430, year = {2020}, author = {Dodesini, AR and Galliani, S and Ciriello, E and Bellante, R and Trevisan, R}, title = {Pre-gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bergamo, Italy.}, journal = {International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/ijgo.13306}, pmid = {32657430}, issn = {1879-3479}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the proliferation of a highly contagious and frequently fatal pneumonia around the world.[1] COVID-19 has severely affected Italy, and at the onset of this crisis, Bergamo, a city in northern Italy, regularly reported the highest number of cases in the country for many weeks. During outbreaks of infectious disease, pregnant women represent a high-risk population due to their increased susceptibility to infections, particularly when comorbidities such as pre-gestational diabetes (present in 0.5% of pregnant populations) are present.[2,3] Few data are available on pregnant women with pre-gestational diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32657343, year = {2020}, author = {Smithgall, MC and Dowlatshahi, M and Spitalnik, SL and Hod, EA and Rai, AJ}, title = {Types of Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Testing: A Review.}, journal = {Laboratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/labmed/lmaa039}, pmid = {32657343}, issn = {1943-7730}, abstract = {Clinical laboratory testing routinely provides actionable results, which help direct patient care in the inpatient and outpatient settings. Since December 2019, a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been causing disease (COVID-19 [coronavirus disease 2019]) in patients, beginning in China and now extending worldwide. In this context of a novel viral pandemic, clinical laboratories have developed multiple novel assays for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and for managing patients afflicted with this illness. These include molecular and serologic-based tests, some with point-of-care testing capabilities. Herein, we present an overview of the types of testing available for managing patients with COVID-19, as well as for screening of potential plasma donors who have recovered from COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32657341, year = {2020}, author = {Danielli, S and Patria, R and Donnelly, P and Ashrafian, H and Darzi, A}, title = {Economic interventions to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19 on the economy and health: an international comparison.}, journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa104}, pmid = {32657341}, issn = {1741-3850}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to challenge governments and policymakers worldwide. They have rightfully prioritised reducing the spread of the virus through social distancing interventions. However, shuttered business and widespread restrictions on travel and mobility have led to an economic collapse with increasing uncertainty of how quickly recovery will be achieved.
METHODS: The authors carried out a review of publicly available information on the economic intervention's countries have put in place to ameliorate the impact of COVID-19.
RESULTS: The strategies and scale of economic interventions have been broad, ranging from 2.5% to a reported 50% of Gross Domestic Product.
CONCLUSIONS: Numerous countries are beginning to ease lockdown restrictions and restart economies in different ways. There is therefore evolving, real-world data that should be used dynamically by governments and policymakers. The strategies on restarting the economy must be balanced against the uncertainty of a possible second wave of COVID-19. A nuanced approach to easing restrictions needs to take into account not only immediate risk to life but longer-term risks of widening inequalities and falling life expectancy.}, }
@article {pmid32657340, year = {2020}, author = {Visser, JT}, title = {Patterns of Illness and Injury on Antarctic Research Cruises, 2004-2019: a descriptive analysis.}, journal = {Journal of travel medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jtm/taaa111}, pmid = {32657340}, issn = {1708-8305}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prior to the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic, cruise travel had experienced exponential growth in the preceding decade. Travel medicine practitioners were increasingly called upon to provide pre-cruise travel advice and medical clearance. Demand for these services will return at some time in the future.
METHODS: The clinical conditions seen in those presenting for care on 6 small vessel scientific cruises to Antarctica were analyzed.
RESULTS: Personnel presented on 196 occasions resulting in 257 consultations (when initial plus all follow up consultations were included). Personnel presented with a clinical condition at a rate of 17.9 per 1000 person days at sea. The total consultation rate was 23.5 per 1000 person days at sea. Injury accounted for 24% of all presentations at a rate of 4.3 per 1000 person days at sea. Dermatological, soft tissue and musculoskeletal, general malaise and motion sickness were the four most common presentations.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-cruise advice for travelers planning small vessel cruises to polar regions needs to include skin care, prevention and management of sea sickness and how to reduce the risk of injury. Those providing medical care on such cruises should be prepared to manage a wide range of clinical presentations.}, }
@article {pmid32657339, year = {2020}, author = {Epelboin, L and Blondé, R and Nacher, M and Combe, P and Collet, L}, title = {COVID-19 and dengue co-infection in a returning traveller.}, journal = {Journal of travel medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jtm/taaa114}, pmid = {32657339}, issn = {1708-8305}, abstract = {In march 2020, a pandemic of respiratory infection due to the SARS-CoV2 is underway, dengue fever epidemics are at the same time present in many regions of the inter-equatorial zone. We report the first cases of covid19-dengue co-infection, which occurred in Mayotte, a French island in the Indian Ocean.}, }
@article {pmid32657335, year = {2020}, author = {de Vroege, L and van den Broek, A}, title = {UpdatesMental support for health care professionals essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa107}, pmid = {32657335}, issn = {1741-3850}, }
@article {pmid32657332, year = {2020}, author = {Ronquillo, JG and Lester, WT and Zuckerman, DM}, title = {Using informatics to guide public health policy during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA.}, journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa081}, pmid = {32657332}, issn = {1741-3850}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current and future pandemics will require informatics solutions to assess the risks, resources and policies to guide better public health decision-making.
METHODS: Cross-sectional study of all COVID-19 cases and deaths in the USA on a population- and resource-adjusted basis (as of 24 April 2020) by applying biomedical informatics and data visualization tools to several public and federal government datasets, including analysis of the impact of statewide stay-at-home orders.
RESULTS: There were 2753.2 cases and 158.0 deaths per million residents, respectively, in the USA with variable distributions throughout divisions, regions and states. Forty-two states and Washington, DC, (84.3%) had statewide stay-at-home orders, with the remaining states having population-adjusted characteristics in the highest risk quartile.
CONCLUSIONS: Effective national preparedness requires clearly understanding states' ability to predict, manage and balance public health needs through all stages of a pandemic. This will require leveraging data quickly, correctly and responsibly into sound public health policies.}, }
@article {pmid32657330, year = {2020}, author = {Chaurasia, B and Deora, H and El-Ghandour, NMF and Oyesiku, NM and Chaurasia, RK and Schulder, M and Soriano Sanchez, JA and Teo, M and Hernesniemi, J and Linzey, JR and Schwartz, TH and Cohen-Gadol, AA and Lawton, M and Umana, G and Mura, J and Grotenhuis, A and Sinha, AK and Schroeder, HWS and Natarajan, S and Sughrue, ME and Spetzler, RF and Drummond, K and Tanikawa, R and Seixo Kadri, PAD and Kato, Y and Teo, C and Suri, A and Tomasi, SO and Winkler, PA and Scalia, G and Sampron, N and Rasulic, L and Cappabianca, P and Fontanella, MM and Laws, ER}, title = {In Memoriam: A Memoir for Our Fallen "Heroes".}, journal = {Neurosurgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/neuros/nyaa314}, pmid = {32657330}, issn = {1524-4040}, abstract = {Even though neurosurgeons exercise these enormous and versatile skills, the COVID-19 pandemic has shaken the fabrics of the global neurosurgical family, jeopardizing human lives, and forcing the entire world to be locked down. We stand on the shoulders of the giants and will not forget their examples and their teachings. We will work to the best of our ability to honor their memory. Professor Harvey Cushing said: "When to take great risks; when to withdraw in the face of unexpected difficulties; whether to force an attempted enucleation of a pathologically favorable tumor to its completion with the prospect of an operative fatality, or to abandon the procedure short of completeness with the certainty that after months or years even greater risks may have to be faced at a subsequent session-all these require surgical judgment which is a matter of long experience." It is up to us, therefore, to keep on the noble path that we have decided to undertake, to accumulate the surgical experience that these icons have shown us, the fruit of sacrifice and obstinacy. Our tribute goes to them; we will always remember their excellent work and their brilliant careers that will continue to enlighten all of us.}, }
@article {pmid32657323, year = {2020}, author = {Bäuerle, A and Teufel, M and Musche, V and Weismüller, B and Kohler, H and Hetkamp, M and Dörrie, N and Schweda, A and Skoda, EM}, title = {Increased generalized anxiety, depression and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Germany.}, journal = {Journal of public health (Oxford, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/pubmed/fdaa106}, pmid = {32657323}, issn = {1741-3850}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the first cases of the novel coronavirus disease SARS-CoV-2 were reported in December 2019 in China, the virus has spread in most countries. The aim of the present study was to assess initial data on the mental health burden of the German public during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Germany and collected complete datasets from 15 704 German residents aged 18 years and over. Besides demographics, generalized anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-2) and psychological distress (DT) were assessed. Furthermore, COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 and the subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 were covered.
RESULTS: Significantly increased symptoms were highly prevalent in all dimensions: generalized anxiety (44.9%), depression (14.3%), psychological distress (65.2%) and COVID-19-related fear (59%). Females and younger people reported higher mental burden. Trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 and the subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 are negatively associated with mental health burden. However, the subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 is positively associated with increased COVID-19-related fear.
CONCLUSIONS: The provision of appropriate psychological interventions for those in need and the provision of transparency and comprehensible information are crucial during the current pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32657280, year = {2020}, author = {Comité de Crise de la Sfv, }, title = {Facing Covid-19: A doctor and veterinarian alliance.}, journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {165-175}, doi = {10.1684/vir.2020.0848}, pmid = {32657280}, issn = {1267-8694}, }
@article {pmid32657278, year = {2020}, author = {Comité de Crise de la Société Française de Virologie, }, title = {Covid-19 : after Ebola, towards a new emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in Africa?.}, journal = {Virologie (Montrouge, France)}, volume = {24}, number = {3}, pages = {147-152}, doi = {10.1684/vir.2020.0847}, pmid = {32657278}, issn = {1267-8694}, }
@article {pmid32657272, year = {2020}, author = {Shi, Q and Dorling, D and Cao, G and Liu, T}, title = {Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS.}, journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)}, volume = {255}, number = {}, pages = {113036}, doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113036}, pmid = {32657272}, issn = {1873-5347}, abstract = {This comment discusses the contribution of population movement to the spread of COVID-19, with a reference to the spread of SARS 17 years ago. We argue that the changing geography of migration, the diversification of jobs taken by migrants, the rapid growth of tourism and business trips, and the longer distance taken by people for family reunion are what make the spread of COVID-19 so differently from that of SARS. These changes in population movement are expected to continue. Hence, new strategies in disease prevention and control should be taken accordingly, which are also proposed in the comment.}, }
@article {pmid32657260, year = {2020}, author = {Tonen-Wolyec, S and Marini Djang'eing'a, R and Kambale-Kombi, P and Tshilumba, CK and Bélec, L and Batina-Agasa, S}, title = {Vulnerability of sickle cell disease persons to the COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa.}, journal = {Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)}, volume = {25}, number = {1}, pages = {280-282}, doi = {10.1080/16078454.2020.1790842}, pmid = {32657260}, issn = {1607-8454}, }
@article {pmid32657235, year = {2020}, author = {Çalışkan, F and Mıdık, Ö and Baykan, Z and Şenol, Y and Tanrıverdi, EÇ and Tengiz, Fİ and Gayef, A}, title = {The knowledge level and perceptions towards COVID-19 among Turkish final year medical students.}, journal = {Postgraduate medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/00325481.2020.1795486}, pmid = {32657235}, issn = {1941-9260}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has upended medical education as well as the lives of healthcare professionals. Higher education institutions have a crucial role in the solution of public health problems by training young doctor candidates, and it is also essential to increase the knowledge level of physician candidates about the epidemic. So, in this study, we aimed to examine Turkish final year medical students' knowledge level, and perceptions towards the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: The present descriptive multicentered study was conducted with the medical students in the final year of six medical schools located in six geographic regions of Turkey. After ethical approval, data was gathered using an online questionnaire through Google forms between April 10, 2020, and April 20, 2020.
RESULTS: In this national survey study, 860 volunteers answered the questions thoroughly. The median age was 24 (22-38) years. 55.3% of the participants were female. The median knowledge level score was 69.0 (0-93.1). The knowledge level was moderate. 34.2% of the participants had a high level of knowledge. 48.7% of participants stated that they felt the most competent about performing CPR. Updates about COVID-19 were followed regularly by 84.5% of the participants.
CONCLUSION: We determined that final year medical students are knowledgeable and aware of this pandemic. We, medical educators, should inculcate relevant knowledge and educate the medical students to improve practices in the current pandemic, as well as for future epidemics. Different learning techniques should be added to the curriculum, especially at the time which widespread panic and uncertainty are prevalent.}, }
@article {pmid32657207, year = {2020}, author = {Schimmel, J and Manini, AF}, title = {Opioid Use Disorder and COVID-19: Biological Plausibility for Worsened Outcomes.}, journal = {Substance use & misuse}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-2}, doi = {10.1080/10826084.2020.1791184}, pmid = {32657207}, issn = {1532-2491}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alarms have been raised that COVID-19 may disproportionately affect certain populations with substance use disorders, particularly Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), however warnings have largely focused on social risks such as reduced availability of services. Objectives: This commentary highlights three plausible biological mechanisms for potentially worsened outcomes in patients with OUD who contract COVID-19. Results: Opioid-related respiratory depression may amplify risks of hypoxemia from COVID-19 viral pneumonia. Complex opioid immune modulation may impact host response to COVID-19, though the effect direction and clinical significance are unclear. Drug-drug interactions may affect individuals with OUD who are co-administered medications for OUD and medications for COVID-19, particularly due to cardiac adverse effects. Conclusions/Importance: There are plausible biological mechanisms for potentially worsened outcomes in patients with OUD who contract COVID-19; these mechanisms require further study, and should be considered in individuals with OUD.}, }
@article {pmid32657190, year = {2020}, author = {Grégory, J and Raynaud, L and Galy, A and Corre, F and Bijot, JC and Nguyen, Y and Vilgrain, V}, title = {Extension of COVID-19 pulmonary parenchyma lesions based on real-life visual assessment on initial chest CT is an independent predictor of poor patient outcome.}, journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1792544}, pmid = {32657190}, issn = {2374-4243}, }
@article {pmid32657186, year = {2020}, author = {Oltean, M and Søfteland, JM and Bagge, J and Ekelund, J and Felldin, M and Schult, A and Magnusson, J and Friman, V and Karason, K}, title = {Covid-19 in kidney transplant recipients: a systematic review of the case series available three months into the pandemic.}, journal = {Infectious diseases (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-8}, doi = {10.1080/23744235.2020.1792977}, pmid = {32657186}, issn = {2374-4243}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ranges from a mild illness to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan dysfunction, and death. Transplant recipients are vulnerable due to comorbidities and immunosuppressants that render them susceptible to infections. The information on COVID-19 in kidney transplant recipients remains limited to small case series.
METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted, and 12 case series totalling 204 kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 were identified. Data were extracted, pooled and analysed.
RESULTS: Most patients (74%) were men. The most frequent symptoms were fever (76%), cough (64%) and dyspnoea (43%). At admission, over 70% of the patients had abnormal radiological findings. Leukocyte counts were in the lower normal range. C-reactive protein, ferritin, and D-dimer were consistently increased. Treatments included lowering immunosuppression, hydroxychloroquine, antivirals, tocilizumab and intravenous immunoglobulins. Thirty-one percent of the patients were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), and 16% required intubation. The overall mortality was 21.2%. Patients who died were significantly older than those who survived (61 ± 12 vs. 51 ± 15, p < .01). Logistic regression revealed that the odds for death increased by 4.3% for each additional year of age (odds ratio [OR] 1.043, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.005-1.083, p value = .0265).
CONCLUSIONS: No substantial conclusions could be drawn on the efficacy of any particular treatment. More rigorous patient stratification is needed when analysing and reporting data to facilitate future meta-analyses.}, }
@article {pmid32657171, year = {2020}, author = {Karloh, M and Sousa Matias, T and Fleig Mayer, A}, title = {The COVID-19 Pandemic Confronts the Motivation Fallacy within Pulmonary Rehabilitation Programs.}, journal = {COPD}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1080/15412555.2020.1790511}, pmid = {32657171}, issn = {1541-2563}, abstract = {Social distancing and quarantines have been implemented worldwide to reduce the spread of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). However, social distancing has had far-reaching health consequences, considering that the COVID-19 pandemic has exposed people to the hazard of physical inactivity and sedentary behavior. For patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), which is one of the main diseases at risk for COVID-19, the impact is even greater since outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs are temporarily closed. More than ever, patients' behavior change to exercise calls for urgent debate. We propose a theoretical discussion in light of Self-Determination Theory, aiming to make PR a setting that supports autonomous forms of motivation. The scenario will not be changed in the short-term; but if other conditions hinder the development of PR in its most traditional form, the PR community will be better prepared to overcome the barriers to maintain physical exercise.}, }
@article {pmid32657135, year = {2020}, author = {Yeo-Teh, NSL and Tang, BL}, title = {Letter to the Editor: Response to An 'alarming' and 'exceptionally high' rate of COVID-19 retractions? by Oransky.}, journal = {Accountability in research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/08989621.2020.1794856}, pmid = {32657135}, issn = {1545-5815}, }
@article {pmid32657102, year = {2020}, author = {Flaherty, C}, title = {Tracheostomy care: the role of the nurse before, during and after insertion.}, journal = {Nursing standard (Royal College of Nursing (Great Britain) : 1987)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7748/ns.2020.e11500}, pmid = {32657102}, issn = {2047-9018}, abstract = {A tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening and inserting a tube in the trachea to enable air transit from the external atmosphere to the lungs. The insertion of a tracheostomy is a common procedure used to wean patients from mechanical ventilation and to manage patients with upper respiratory tract complications. Furthermore, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in many patients requiring a tracheostomy as part of respiratory management. The two most commonly used tracheostomy insertion procedures are the open surgical tracheostomy and the percutaneous dilatation tracheostomy, both of which are associated with a range of complications. This article outlines the indications, benefits and complications of tracheostomy insertion, as well as the various types of tracheostomy tube that may be used. It also explains the role of the nurse in caring for patients before, during and after tracheostomy insertion, including the management of tracheostomy-related complications and emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid32657091, year = {2020}, author = {Kim, HN and Lee, JH and Park, HS and Yang, DH and Jang, SY and Bae, MH and Cho, Y and Chae, SC and Lee, YH}, title = {A Case of COVID-19 with Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiogenic Shock.}, journal = {Journal of Korean medical science}, volume = {35}, number = {27}, pages = {e258}, doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e258}, pmid = {32657091}, issn = {1598-6357}, abstract = {A 60-year-old male patient with coronavirus disease-2019 showed new onset ST-segment elevation in V1-V2 leads on electrocardiogram and cardiac enzyme elevation in intensive care unit. He had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. He was receiving mechanical ventilation and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment for severe hypoxia. Two-D echocardiogram showed regional wall motion abnormalities. We performed primary percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction complicating cardiogenic shock under hemodynamic support. He expired on the 16th day of admission because of cardiogenic shock and multi-organ failure. Active surveillance and intensive treatment strategy are important for saving lives of COVID-19 patients with acute myocardial infarction.}, }
@article {pmid32657090, year = {2020}, author = {Gupta, L and Gasparyan, AY and Misra, DP and Agarwal, V and Zimba, O and Yessirkepov, M}, title = {Information and Misinformation on COVID-19: a Cross-Sectional Survey Study.}, journal = {Journal of Korean medical science}, volume = {35}, number = {27}, pages = {e256}, doi = {10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e256}, pmid = {32657090}, issn = {1598-6357}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a large volume of publications, a barrage of non-reviewed preprints on various professional repositories and a slew of retractions in a short amount of time.
METHODS: We conducted an e-survey using a cloud-based website to gauge the potential sources of trustworthy information and misinformation and analyzed researchers', clinicians', and academics' attitude toward unpublished items, and pre- and post-publication quality checks in this challenging time.
RESULTS: Among 128 respondents (mean age, 43.2 years; M:F, 1.1:1), 60 (46.9%) were scholarly journal editors and editorial board members. Social media channels were distinguished as the most important sources of information as well as misinformation (81 [63.3%] and 86 [67.2%]). Nearly two in five (62, 48.4%) respondents blamed reviewers, editors, and misinterpretation by readers as additional contributors alongside authors for misinformation. A higher risk of plagiarism was perceived by the majority (70, 58.6%), especially plagiarism of ideas (64.1%) followed by inappropriate paraphrasing (54.7%). Opinion was divided on the utility of preprints for changing practice and changing retraction rates during the pandemic period, and higher rejections were not supported by most (76.6%) while the importance of peer review was agreed upon by a majority (80, 62.5%). More stringent screening by journal editors (61.7%), and facilitating open access plagiarism software (59.4%), including Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based algorithms (43.8%) were among the suggested solutions. Most (74.2%) supported the need to launch a specialist bibliographic database for COVID-19, with information indexed (62.3%), available as open-access (82.8%), after expanding search terms (52.3%) and following due verification by academics (66.4%), and journal editors (52.3%).
CONCLUSION: While identifying social media as a potential source of misinformation on COVID-19, and a perceived high risk of plagiarism, more stringent peer review and skilled post-publication promotion are advisable. Journal editors should play a more active role in streamlining publication and promotion of trustworthy information on COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32657079, year = {2020}, author = {Mantero, V and Basilico, P and Costantino, G and Pozzetti, U and Rigamonti, A and Salmaggi, A}, title = {Recurrent Transient Ischemic Attack in a Young Patient with COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, pages = {513-514}, doi = {10.3988/jcn.2020.16.3.513}, pmid = {32657079}, issn = {1738-6586}, }
@article {pmid32657000, year = {2020}, author = {Naeem, SB and Bhatti, R and Khan, A}, title = {An exploration of how fake news is taking over social media and putting public health at risk.}, journal = {Health information and libraries journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/hir.12320}, pmid = {32657000}, issn = {1471-1842}, abstract = {Recent statistics show that almost 1/4 of a million people have died and four million people are affected either with mild or serious health problems caused by coronavirus (COVID-19). These numbers are rapidly increasing (World Health Organization, May 3, 2020c). There is much concern during this pandemic about the spread of misleading or inaccurate information. This article reports on a small study which attempted to identify the types and sources of COVID-19 misinformation. The authors identified and analysed 1225 pieces of COVID-19 fake news stories taken from fact-checkers, myth-busters and COVID-19 dashboards. The study is significant given the concern raised by the WHO Director-General that 'we are not just fighting the pandemic, we are also fighting infodemic'. The study concludes that the COVID-19 infodemic is full of false claims, half backed conspiracy theories and pseudoscientific therapies, regarding the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, origin and spread of the virus. Fake news is pervasive in social media, putting public health at risk. The scale of the crisis and ubiquity of the misleading information require that scientists, health information professionals and journalists exercise their professional responsibility to help the general public identify fake news stories. They should ensure that accurate information is published and disseminated.J.M.}, }
@article {pmid32656985, year = {2020}, author = {Aysha, AA and Rentsch, C and Prentice, R and Johnson, D and Bryant, RV and Ward, MG and Costello, SP and Lewindon, P and Ghaly, S and Connor, SJ and Begun, J and Christensen, B}, title = {Practical management of inflammatory bowel disease patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: expert commentary from the Gastroenterological Society of Australia Inflammatory Bowel Disease faculty.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {798-804}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14889}, pmid = {32656985}, issn = {1445-5994}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has emerged as a public health emergency and challenged healthcare systems globally. In a minority of patients, SARS-CoV-2 manifests with a severe acute respiratory illness and currently there is insufficient data regarding the virulence of COVID-19 in inflammatory bowel disease patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. This review aims to summarise the current literature and provide guidance on the management of inflammatory bowel disease patients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Australasian setting.}, }
@article {pmid32656981, year = {2020}, author = {Bart, NK and Kearney, K and Macdonald, PS}, title = {'Put on your own oxygen mask before helping others': mitigating health care worker risk from COVID-19.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {891-892}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14897}, pmid = {32656981}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656977, year = {2020}, author = {Zimran, A and Szer, J and Revel-Vilk, S}, title = {Impact of Gaucher disease on COVID-19.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {894-895}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14894}, pmid = {32656977}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656976, year = {2020}, author = {Choy, KW}, title = {Urgent call to clinicians and researchers: 2020 acuity required when assessing and reporting laboratory abnormalities in COVID-19.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {892-893}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14883}, pmid = {32656976}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656975, year = {2020}, author = {Choy, KW}, title = {Diagnostic testing for gestational diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 pandemic: an opportunity to revisit Glucose-Based testing.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {893-894}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14902}, pmid = {32656975}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656972, year = {2020}, author = {Shamdasani, P and Trubiano, JA and Smibert, OC and Owen, CE and Liew, DFL}, title = {COVID-19: collaboration will keep us ahead of the curve.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {784-786}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14888}, pmid = {32656972}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656969, year = {2020}, author = {Johnson, DF and Steinfort, DP and Cowie, B}, title = {Navigating shifting waters: rapid response to change in the era of COVID-19.}, journal = {Internal medicine journal}, volume = {50}, number = {7}, pages = {786-790}, doi = {10.1111/imj.14921}, pmid = {32656969}, issn = {1445-5994}, }
@article {pmid32656939, year = {2020}, author = {Criado, PR and Pagliari, C and Carneiro, FRO and Quaresma, JAS}, title = {Lessons from dermatology about inflammatory responses in Covid-19.}, journal = {Reviews in medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e2130}, doi = {10.1002/rmv.2130}, pmid = {32656939}, issn = {1099-1654}, abstract = {The SARS-Cov-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus composed of 16 non-structural proteins (NSP 1-16) with specific roles in the replication of coronaviruses. NSP3 has the property to block host innate immune response and to promote cytokine expression. NSP5 can inhibit interferon (IFN) signalling and NSP16 prevents MAD5 recognition, depressing the innate immunity. Dendritic cells, monocytes, and macrophages are the first cell lineage against viruses' infections. The IFN type I is the danger signal for the human body during this clinical setting. Protective immune responses to viral infection are initiated by innate immune sensors that survey extracellular and intracellular space for foreign nucleic acids. In Covid-19 the pathogenesis is not yet fully understood, but viral and host factors seem to play a key role. Important points in severe Covid-19 are characterized by an upregulated innate immune response, hypercoagulopathy state, pulmonary tissue damage, neurological and/or gastrointestinal tract involvement, and fatal outcome in severe cases of macrophage activation syndrome, which produce a 'cytokine storm'. These systemic conditions share polymorphous cutaneous lesions where innate immune system is involved in the histopathological findings with acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hyperferritinemia, increased serum levels of D-dimer, lactic dehydrogenase, reactive-C-protein and serum A amyloid. It is described that several polymorphous cutaneous lesions similar to erythema pernio, urticarial rashes, diffuse or disseminated erythema, livedo racemosa, blue toe syndrome, retiform purpura, vesicles lesions, and purpuric exanthema or exanthema with clinical aspects of symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema. This review describes the complexity of Covid-19, its pathophysiological and clinical aspects.}, }
@article {pmid32656926, year = {2020}, author = {Horesh, D and Kapel Lev-Ari, R and Hasson-Ohayon, I}, title = {Risk factors for psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel: Loneliness, age, gender, and health status play an important role.}, journal = {British journal of health psychology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bjhp.12455}, pmid = {32656926}, issn = {2044-8287}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Research on the psychological toll of the COVID-19 pandemic is being conducted in various countries. This study aimed to examine risk factors for mental health problems among Israeli adults during this crisis.
METHODS: A total of 204 participants took part in the study. They completed self-report questionnaires assessing perceived stress, anxiety, quality of life, and various questions related to quarantine, pre-existing health issues, and worries related to the virus. The study took place during the last two weeks of March 2020.
RESULTS: The majority of participants reported relatively high levels of perceived stress and corona-related worries, but low levels of anxiety. Female gender, younger age, corona-related loneliness, and pre-existing chronic illness were all related to higher levels of psychological distress and lower levels of quality of life.
CONCLUSIONS: While considering the preliminary nature of these results, the current study highlights risk factors for psychological distress in light of the corona pandemic. Attention should be given to sociodemographic variables that were identified as related to psychological distress, as well as to the important role of loneliness, when screening and treating people during this crisis. More research is needed in order to fully understand the scope and correlates of psychological difficulties during these challenging times.}, }
@article {pmid32656888, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, X and Yan, L and Fei, Y and Zhang, C}, title = {Laboratory abnormalities and risk factors associated with in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical laboratory analysis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e23467}, doi = {10.1002/jcla.23467}, pmid = {32656888}, issn = {1098-2825}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the context of the COVID-19 outbreak of worldwide, we aim to analyze the laboratory risk factors of in-hospital death in patients with severe COVID-19.
METHODS: All ≥18-year-old patients with confirmed severe COVID-19 admitted to Tongji Hospital (Wuhan, China) from February 3 to February 20, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled and followed up until March 20, 2020. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data were collected and explored the risk factors associated with in-hospital death.
RESULTS: A total of 73 severe patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 20 (27%) patients died in hospital during the average 28 days of follow-up period. The median age of non-survivors was significantly older than survivors (69 [64-76.5] years vs 64 [56-71.3] years, P = .033) and 15 (75%) patients were males. The laboratory abnormalities of non-survivors mainly presented in serious inflammation response and multiple organ failure, with high levels of cytokines and deranged coagulation parameters. Multivariable regression showed that neutrophil count greater than 4.47 × 109 /L (OR, 58.35; 95%CI: 2.16-1571.69; P = .016), hypersensitivity C-reactive protein greater than 86.7 mg/L (OR, 14.90; 95%CI: 1.29-171.10; P = .030), creatine kinase greater than 101 U/L (OR, 161.62; 95%CI: 6.45-4045.20; P = .002), and blood urea nitrogen greater than 6.7 mmol/L (OR, 11.18; 95%CI: 1.36-91.62; P = .024) were risk factors for in-hospital death.
CONCLUSION: The risk factors of neutrophil count, hypersensitivity C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen could help clinicians to early identify COVID-19 severe patients with poor outcomes on admission. Virus direct attack and cytokine storm play a major role in the death of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32656884, year = {2020}, author = {Elsner, P and Fartasch, M and Schliemann, S}, title = {Dermatological recommendations on hand hygiene in schools during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ddg.14170}, pmid = {32656884}, issn = {1610-0387}, }
@article {pmid32656874, year = {2020}, author = {Bharati, J and Ramachandran, R and Kumar, V and Kohli, HS}, title = {COVID-19 pandemic in limited-resource countries: Strategies for challenges in a dialysis unit.}, journal = {Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e13748}, doi = {10.1111/nep.13748}, pmid = {32656874}, issn = {1440-1797}, }
@article {pmid32656840, year = {2020}, author = {Garrido, I and Liberal, R and Macedo, G}, title = {Letter: liver disease and COVID-19-not the perfect storm. Authors' reply".}, journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, pages = {574-575}, doi = {10.1111/apt.15886}, pmid = {32656840}, issn = {1365-2036}, }
@article {pmid32656833, year = {2020}, author = {Nathwani, R and Mukherjee, S and Forlano, R and Mullish, BH and Vergis, N and Selvapatt, N and Manousou, P and Nayagam, S and Lemoine, M and Dhar, A}, title = {Letter: liver disease and COVID-19-not the perfect storm.}, journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, pages = {572-574}, doi = {10.1111/apt.15872}, pmid = {32656833}, issn = {1365-2036}, }
@article {pmid32656827, year = {2020}, author = {Bertoldi, G and Gianesello, L and Calò, LA}, title = {Letter: ACE2, Rho kinase inhibition and the potential role of vitamin D against COVID-19.}, journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics}, volume = {52}, number = {3}, pages = {577-578}, doi = {10.1111/apt.15895}, pmid = {32656827}, issn = {1365-2036}, }
@article {pmid32656822, year = {2020}, author = {Baker, EH and Patel, K and Ball, J and Edwards, S and Harrison, TS and Kaul, A and Koh, M and Krishna, S and Leaver, S and Kumar, V and Forton, DM}, title = {Insights from compassionate use of tocilizumab for COVID-19 to inform appropriate design of randomised controlled trials.}, journal = {British journal of clinical pharmacology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bcp.14466}, pmid = {32656822}, issn = {1365-2125}, }
@article {pmid32656813, year = {2020}, author = {Cheng, CS}, title = {Consultant-delivered care in telehealth and phone consultations during the COVID-19 shutdown period.}, journal = {ANZ journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ans.16172}, pmid = {32656813}, issn = {1445-2197}, }
@article {pmid32656798, year = {2020}, author = {Craig, S and Cubitt, M and Jaison, A and Troupakis, S and Hood, N and Fong, C and Bilgrami, A and Leman, P and Ascencio-Lane, JC and Nagaraj, G and Bonning, J and Blecher, G and Mitchell, R and Burkett, E and McCarthy, SM and Rojek, AM and Hansen, K and Psihogios, H and Allely, P and Judkins, S and Foong, LH and Bernard, S and Cameron, PA}, title = {Management of adult cardiac arrest in the COVID-19 era: consensus statement from the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.}, journal = {The Medical journal of Australia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5694/mja2.50699}, pmid = {32656798}, issn = {1326-5377}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused significant worldwide disruption. Although Australia and New Zealand have not been affected as much as some other countries, resuscitation may still pose a risk to health care workers and necessitates a change to our traditional approach. This consensus statement for adult cardiac arrest in the setting of COVID-19 has been produced by the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine (ACEM) and aligns with national and international recommendations.
MAIN RECOMMENDATIONS: In a setting of low community transmission, most cardiac arrests are not due to COVID-19. Early defibrillation saves lives and is not considered an aerosol generating procedure. Compression-only cardiopulmonary resuscitation is thought to be a low risk procedure and can be safely initiated with the patient's mouth and nose covered. All other resuscitative procedures are considered aerosol generating and require the use of airborne personal protective equipment (PPE). It is important to balance the appropriateness of resuscitation against the risk of infection. Methods to reduce nosocomial transmission of COVID-19 include a physical barrier such as a towel or mask over the patient's mouth and nose, appropriate use of PPE, minimising the staff involved in resuscitation, and use of mechanical chest compression devices when available. If COVID-19 significantly affects hospital resource availability, the ethics of resource allocation must be considered.
CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT: The changes outlined in this document require a significant adaptation for many doctors, nurses and paramedics. It is critically important that all health care workers have regular PPE and advanced life support training, are able to access in situ simulation sessions, and receive extensive debriefing after actual resuscitations. This will ensure safe, timely and effective management of the patients with cardiac arrest in the COVID-19 era.}, }
@article {pmid32656794, year = {2020}, author = {Kapuria, D and Bollipo, S and Rabiee, A and Ben Yakov, G and Kumar, G and Siau, K and Lee, HW and Congly, S and Turnes, J and Dhanasekaran, R and Lui, RN and , }, title = {Roadmap to Resuming Care for Liver Diseases after COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jgh.15178}, pmid = {32656794}, issn = {1440-1746}, abstract = {The global pandemic of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has led to significant disruptions in care delivery. Patients with chronic liver diseases require a high level of care and are therefore particularly vulnerable to disruptions in medical services during COVID-19. Recent data has also identified chronic liver disease as an independent risk factor for COVID-19 related hospital mortality. In response to the pandemic, national and international societies have recommended interim changes to the management of patients with liver diseases. These modifications included the implementation of telehealth, postponement or cancellation of elective procedures and other non-urgent patient care-related activities. There is concern that reduced access to diagnosis and treatment can also lead to increased morbidity in patients with liver diseases and we may witness a delayed surge of hospitalizations related to decompensated liver disease after the COVID-19 pandemic has receded. Therefore, it is paramount that liver practices craft a comprehensive plan for safe resumption of clinical operations while minimizing the risk of exposure to patients and healthcare professionals. Here, we provide a broad roadmap for how to safely resume care for patients with chronic liver disease according to various phases of the pandemic with particular emphasis on outpatient care, liver transplantation, liver cancer care and endoscopy.}, }
@article {pmid32656713, year = {2020}, author = {Jalessi, M and Barati, M and Rohani, M and Amini, E and Ourang, A and Azad, Z and Hosseinzadeh, F and Cavallieri, F and Ghadirpour, R and Valzania, F and Iaccarino, C and Ahmadzadeh, A and Farhadi, M}, title = {Frequency and outcome of olfactory impairment and sinonasal involvement in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04590-4}, pmid = {32656713}, issn = {1590-3478}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction has shown to accompany COVID-19. There are varying data regarding the exact frequency in the various study population. The outcome of the olfactory impairment is also not clearly defined.
OBJECTIVE: To find the frequency of olfactory impairment and its outcome in hospitalized patients with positive swab test for COVID-19.
METHODS: This is a prospective descriptive study of 100 hospitalized COVID-19 patients, randomly sampled, from February to March 2020. Demographics, comorbidities, and laboratory findings were analyzed according to the olfactory loss or sinonasal symptoms. The olfactory impairment and sinonasal symptoms were evaluated by 9 Likert scale questions asked from the patients.
RESULTS: Ninety-two patients completed the follow-up (means 20.1 (± 7.42) days). Twenty-two (23.91%) patients complained of olfactory loss and in 6 (6.52%) patients olfactory loss was the first symptom of the disease. The olfactory loss was reported to be completely resolved in all but one patient. Thirty-nine (42.39%) patients had notable sinonasal symptoms while rhinorrhea was the first symptom in 3 (3.26%). Fifteen patients (16.3%) had a taste impairment. Patients with sinonasal symptoms had a lower age (p = 0.01). There was no significant relation between olfactory loss and sinonasal symptoms (p = 0.07).
CONCLUSIONS: Sudden olfactory dysfunction and sinonasal symptoms have a considerable prevalence in patients with COVID-19. No significant association was noted between the sinonasal symptoms and the olfactory loss, which may suggest that other mechanisms beyond upper respiratory tract involvement are responsible for the olfactory loss.}, }
@article {pmid32656711, year = {2020}, author = {Sangalli, D and Polonia, V and Colombo, D and Mantero, V and Filizzolo, M and Scaccabarozzi, C and Salmaggi, A}, title = {A single-centre experience of intravenous thrombolysis for stroke in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10072-020-04591-3}, pmid = {32656711}, issn = {1590-3478}, abstract = {The sudden worldwide outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has certainly provided new challenges in the management of acute ischaemic stroke, and the risk-benefit ratio of intravenous thrombolysis in COVID-19 positive patients is not well known. We describe four COVID-19 patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. Although rt-PA administration is the main therapeutic strategy, our patients experienced unpredictable complications and showed atypical features: the overall mortality was very high. In conclusion, in this article, we provide information about these cases and discuss the possible explanation behind this trend.}, }
@article {pmid32656691, year = {2020}, author = {Maguire, S and O'Shea, F}, title = {Social isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic has led to worse outcomes in females with inflammatory arthritis.}, journal = {Irish journal of medical science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11845-020-02307-2}, pmid = {32656691}, issn = {1863-4362}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Prolonged social isolation as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic has been a source of considerable psychological distress for many people. This can manifest in many ways and if left undetected can impact negatively on general health. It is essential to understand the impact of these conditions on inflammatory arthritis (IA) patients, especially axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA).
AIM: To capture the level of psychological distress for patients with IA following prolonged social isolation.
METHODS: A survey was sent out to patients with a confirmed diagnosis of IA. This captured changes in sleep, mood, disease activity, employment and general health since the beginning of the social isolation period. A PHQ-4 (Patient Health Questionnaire) was included to determine level of psychological distress.
RESULTS: Females with IA reported significantly higher rates of decline in general health (40% vs 16%, p = 0.01), mood disturbance (43.4% vs 26%, p = 0.03) and increased disease activity (50% vs 16%, p = 0.01) compared to males. Evaluating the mean PHQ-4 scores, no significant difference was noted between genders (4.80 vs 3.44, p = 0.10). However, females demonstrated a non-significant trend toward increased rates of moderate to severe psychological distress (40% vs 30%, p = 0.13). Subanalysis of patients with axSpA found high rates of moderate to severe distress in both genders.
CONCLUSIONS: Females with IA reported significantly higher rates of decline in general health, mood disturbance and increased disease activity during the period of social isolation. This was reflected in a trend towards greater levels of psychological distress.}, }
@article {pmid32656688, year = {2020}, author = {Oda, Y}, title = {COVID-19: review of case reports.}, journal = {Journal of anesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00540-020-02825-4}, pmid = {32656688}, issn = {1438-8359}, abstract = {Recently published case reports relating to anesthesia in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) were reviewed. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was confirmed by positive results of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Numerous reports handled emergency cesarean delivery. Primary symptoms and laboratory data of pregnant women with COVID-19 were similar to those of non-pregnant patients. Although the mortality rate is reported to be high after surgery in patients with COVID-19, cesarean delivery was successfully performed under regional anesthesia in most cases and postoperative course was favorable both in the parents and newborns. There is no direct evidence of vertical mother-to-child transmission of SARS-CoV-2; however, a diagnosis of COVID-19 was made in a newborn two hours after delivery from a pregnant woman with COVID-19, based on the increased immunoglobulin levels and deranged liver function, suggesting that its possibility cannot be completely eliminated. Emergency cerebral shunt reconstruction was performed repeatedly in an eight-month-old boy with COVID-19. The tracheal tube was removed in the operating room after surgery and postoperative course was uneventful. All the procedures should be performed in isolated operating rooms with medical staff with level-3 personal protection to ensure the safety of patients and health care providers.}, }
@article {pmid32656673, year = {2020}, author = {Volo, T and Stritoni, P and Battel, I and Zennaro, B and Lazzari, F and Bellin, M and Michieletto, L and Spinato, G and Busatto, C and Politi, D and Spinato, R}, title = {Elective tracheostomy during COVID-19 outbreak: to whom, when, how? Early experience from Venice, Italy.}, journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06190-6}, pmid = {32656673}, issn = {1434-4726}, abstract = {PURPOSE: The need for prolonged invasive mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 patients is placing the otorhinolaryngologist in front of an increasing request for tracheostomy. Nowadays, there is uncertainty regarding the timing of tracheostomy, the prognosis of these patients and the safety of healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tracheostomy placement in patients with COVID-19.
METHODS: A retrospective cohort study on 23 COVID 19 patients, to analyse the timing of tracheostomy, the risk factors associated with in-hospital death and the infection of the involved health care workers. Early tracheostomy was defined as ≤ 10 days and late ones > 10 days.
RESULTS: The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients admitted to ICU that underwent tracheostomy was 18%. The overall mortality of patients admitted to ICU was 53%. The univariate analysis revealed that early tracheostomy, SOFA score > 6, and D-dimer level > 4 were significantly associated with a greater risk of death. At the multivariate analysis SOFA score > 6 and D-dimer level > 4 resulted as significant factors for a higher risk of death. No health care workers associated with tracheostomy are confirmed to be infected by SARS-CoV2.
CONCLUSION: We suggest to wait at least 14 days to perform tracheostomy. In patients with SOFA score > 6 and D dimer > 4, tracheostomy should not be performed or should be postponed. Optimized procedures and enhanced personal protective equipment can make the tracheostomy safe and beneficial in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32656668, year = {2020}, author = {Oberemok, VV and Laikova, KV and Yurchenko, KA and Marochkin, NA and Fomochkina, II and Kubyshkin, AV}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 will constantly sweep its tracks: a vaccine containing CpG motifs in 'lasso' for the multi-faced virus.}, journal = {Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00011-020-01377-3}, pmid = {32656668}, issn = {1420-908X}, abstract = {During the current COVID-19 pandemic, the global ratio between the dead and the survivors is approximately 1 to 10, which has put humanity on high alert and provided strong motivation for the intensive search for vaccines and drugs. It is already clear that if we follow the most likely scenario, which is similar to that used to create seasonal influenza vaccines, then we will need to develop improved vaccine formulas every year to control the spread of the new, highly mutable coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. In this article, using well-known RNA viruses (HIV, influenza viruses, HCV) as examples, we consider the main successes and failures in creating primarily highly effective vaccines. The experience accumulated dealing with the biology of zoonotic RNA viruses suggests that the fight against COVID-19 will be difficult and lengthy. The most effective vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 will be those able to form highly effective memory cells for both humoral (memory B cells) and cellular (cross-reactive antiviral memory T cells) immunity. Unfortunately, RNA viruses constantly sweep their tracks and perhaps one of the most promising solutions in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic is the creation of 'universal' vaccines based on conservative SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences (antigen-presenting) and unmethylated CpG dinucleotides (adjuvant) in the composition of the phosphorothioate backbone of single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ODN), which can be effective for long periods of use. Here, we propose a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on a lasso-like phosphorothioate oligonucleotide construction containing CpG motifs and the antigen-presenting unique ACG-containing genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2. We found that CpG dinucleotides are the least rare dinucleotides in the genomes of SARS-CoV-2 and other known human coronaviruses, and hypothesized that their higher frequency could be responsible for the unwanted increased lethality to the host, causing a 'cytokine storm' in people who overexpress cytokines through the activation of specific Toll-like receptors in a manner similar to TLR9-CpG ODN interactions. Interestingly, the virus strains sequenced in China (Wuhan) in February 2020 contained on average one CpG dinucleotide more in their genome than the later strains from the USA (New York) sequenced in May 2020. Obviously, during the first steps of the microevolution of SARS-CoV-2 in the human population, natural selection tends to select viral genomes containing fewer CpG motifs that do not trigger a strong innate immune response, so the infected person has moderate symptoms and spreads SARS-CoV-2 more readily. However, in our opinion, unmethylated CpG dinucleotides are also capable of preparing the host immune system for the coronavirus infection and should be present in SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as strong adjuvants.}, }
@article {pmid32656663, year = {2020}, author = {Garganese, G and Tagliaferri, L and Fragomeni, SM and Lancellotta, V and Colloca, G and Corrado, G and Gentileschi, S and Macchia, G and Tamburrini, E and Gambacorta, MA and Fagotti, A and Scambia, G and , }, title = {Personalizing vulvar cancer workflow in COVID-19 era: a proposal from Vul.Can MDT.}, journal = {Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00432-020-03312-9}, pmid = {32656663}, issn = {1432-1335}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since the community spread of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the practice of oncologic care at our comprehensive cancer center has changed. Postponing cancer treatment without consideration of its implications could cost more lives than can be saved. In this special situation, we must continue to provide our cancer patients with the highest quality of medical services assuring the safety. This article provides general guidance on supporting curative treatment strategies in vulvar cancer patients.
METHODS: At our institution, a vulvar cancer multidisciplinary team (Vul.Can MDT) of specialists is responsible for personalized treatment of this disease. The phase 2 period necessarily requires specific procedures for both outpatient and inpatient pathways and to provide strategies concerning the management of vulvar cancer patients even in case of an eventually concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection. In brief, an accurate remote and in person triage must be provided routinely and patients submitted to specific diagnostic tests prior to every major treatment or procedure (surgery, RT, and CT) or in case of suspicion for COVID-19 syndrome. The decisional workflow for these women often old and frail, have been rapidly adjusted by our Vul.Can MDT to mitigate the potential risks of COVID-19.
RESULTS: The team produced two types of recommendations concerning: (1) safety regulations of care pathways, patients and health care providers, (2) personalized treatment strategies. We present a protocol that can be applied in clinical practice: the flowcharts provided, include the modulation of treatment intensity designed for surgical procedures and radiation, stratified for FIGO stage of disease and intention.
CONCLUSION: We suggest that our proposals are applicable in this setting of patients, considering anyway current international recommendations and guidelines.}, }
@article {pmid32656638, year = {2020}, author = {Yuan, X and Huang, W and Ye, B and Chen, C and Huang, R and Wu, F and Wei, Q and Zhang, W and Hu, J}, title = {Changes of hematological and immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {International journal of hematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s12185-020-02930-w}, pmid = {32656638}, issn = {1865-3774}, support = {Min 2017-04//Construction Project of Fujian Medical Center of Hematology/ ; }, abstract = {The aim of this study was to identify the changes of hematologic and immunological parameters in COVID-19 patients. We collected and analyzed the data of 117 patients who were laboratory confirmed as SARS-CoV-2 infection. The cases were divided into regular group, severe group and critically ill group according to the sixth edition scheme for COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment of China. The laboratory tests included blood routine, cellular and humoral immunity indices, biochemical detections and inflammatory biomarker. Compared with regular patients, severe and critically ill patients had significantly lower lymphocyte count (p < 0.01), decreased red blood cell and hemoglobin (p < 0.01), low levels of immunoglobulin G (p < 0.05) and significantly higher in D-dimer (p < 0.0001), fibrinogen (p < 0.01), white blood cell count (p < 0.01), neutrophil count (p < 0.0001), interleukin-6 (p < 0.05), C-reactive protein (p < 0.01), procalcitonin (p < 0.01), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (p < 0.05), ferritin (p < 0.01) and lactate dehydrogenase (p < 0.0001). The specific immunoglobulin G antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 in severe and critically ill patients were significantly lower than that in regular patients (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that the lymphocyte counts, red blood cell counts and the immunoglobulin G antibodies of COVID-19 patients were impaired to varying degrees and the blood was in a state of hypercoagulation, which were more obvious in critically ill patients.}, }
@article {pmid32656628, year = {2020}, author = {Siavashpour, Z and Taghizadeh-Hesary, F and Rakhsha, A}, title = {Recommendations on Management of Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an Iranian Consensus.}, journal = {Journal of gastrointestinal cancer}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s12029-020-00454-4}, pmid = {32656628}, issn = {1941-6636}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Today, the rapid outbreak of COVID-19 is the leading health issue. Patients with cancer are at high risk for the development of morbidities of COVID-19. Hence, oncology centers need to provide organ-based recommendations for optimal management of cancer in the COVID-19 era.
METHODS: In this article, we have provided the recommendations on management of locally advanced rectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic based on our experience in Shohada-e Tajrish Hospital, Iran.
RESULTS: We recommend that patients with locally advanced rectal cancer should be managed in an individualized manner in combination with local conditions related to COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: Our recommendation may provide a guide for oncology centers of developing countries for better management of locally advanced rectal cancer.}, }
@article {pmid32656626, year = {2020}, author = {Chowdhury, D and Hope, KD and Arthur, LC and Weinberger, SM and Ronai, C and Johnson, JN and Snyder, CS}, title = {Telehealth for Pediatric Cardiology Practitioners in the Time of COVID-19.}, journal = {Pediatric cardiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00246-020-02411-1}, pmid = {32656626}, issn = {1432-1971}, abstract = {Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increased interest in telehealth as a means of providing care for children by a pediatric cardiologist. In this article, we provide an overview of telehealth utilization as an extension of current pediatric cardiology practices and provide some insight into the rapid shift made to quickly implement these telehealth services into our everyday practices due to COVID-19 personal distancing requirements. Our panel will review helpful tips into the selection of appropriate patient populations and specific cardiac diagnoses for telehealth that put patient and family safety concerns first. Numerous practical considerations in conducting a telehealth visit must be taken into account to ensure optimal use of this technology. The use of adapted staffing and billing models and expanded means of remote monitoring will aid in the incorporation of telehealth into more widespread pediatric cardiology practice. Future directions to sustain this platform include the refinement of telehealth care strategies, defining best practices, including telehealth in the fellowship curriculum and continuing advocacy for technology.}, }
@article {pmid32656618, year = {2020}, author = {Chowdhury, R and Luhar, S and Khan, N and Choudhury, SR and Matin, I and Franco, OH}, title = {Long-term strategies to control COVID-19 in low and middle-income countries: an options overview of community-based, non-pharmacological interventions.}, journal = {European journal of epidemiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10654-020-00660-1}, pmid = {32656618}, issn = {1573-7284}, abstract = {In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), strict social distancing measures (e.g., nationwide lockdown) in response to the COVID-19 pandemic are unsustainable in the long-term due to knock-on socioeconomic and psychological effects. However, an optimal epidemiology-focused strategy for 'safe-reopening' (i.e., balancing between the economic and health consequences) remain unclear, particularly given the suboptimal disease surveillance and diagnostic infrastructure in these settings. As the lockdown is now being relaxed in many LMICs, in this paper, we have (1) conducted an epidemiology-based "options appraisal" of various available non-pharmacological intervention options that can be employed to safely lift the lockdowns (namely, sustained mitigation, zonal lockdown and rolling lockdown strategies), and (2) propose suitable application, pre-requisites, and inherent limitations for each measure. Among these, a sustained mitigation-only approach (adopted in many high-income countries) may not be feasible in most LMIC settings given the absence of nationwide population surveillance, generalised testing, contact tracing and critical care infrastructure needed to tackle the likely resurgence of infections. By contrast, zonal or local lockdowns may be suitable for some countries where systematic identification of new outbreak clusters in real-time would be feasible. This requires a generalised testing and surveillance structure, and a well-thought out (and executed) zone management plan. Finally, an intermittent, rolling lockdown strategy has recently been suggested by the World Health Organization as a potential strategy to get the epidemic under control in some LMI settings, where generalised mitigation and zonal containment is unfeasible. This strategy, however, needs to be carefully considered for economic costs and necessary supply chain reforms. In conclusion, while we propose three community-based, non-pharmacological options for LMICs, a suitable measure should be context-specific and based on: (1) epidemiological considerations, (2) social and economic costs, (3) existing health systems capabilities and (4) future-proof plans to implement and sustain the strategy.}, }
@article {pmid32656591, year = {2020}, author = {Latz, CA and DeCarlo, C and Boitano, L and Png, CYM and Patell, R and Conrad, MF and Eagleton, M and Dua, A}, title = {Blood type and outcomes in patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Annals of hematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00277-020-04169-1}, pmid = {32656591}, issn = {1432-0584}, abstract = {This study aimed to determine if there is an association between ABO blood type and severity of COVID-19 defined by intubation or death as well as ascertain if there is variability in testing positive for COVID-19 between blood types. In a multi-institutional study, all adult patients who tested positive for COVID-19 across five hospitals were identified and included from March 6th to April 16th, 2020. Hospitalization, intubation, and death were evaluated for association with blood type. Univariate analysis was conducted using standard techniques and logistic regression was used to determine the independent effect of blood type on intubation and/or death and positive testing. During the study period, there were 7648 patients who received COVID-19 testing throughout the institutions. Of these, 1289 tested positive with a known blood type. A total of 484 (37.5%) were admitted to hospital, 123 (9.5%) were admitted to the ICU, 108 (8.4%) were intubated, 3 (0.2%) required ECMO, and 89 (6.9%) died. Of the 1289 patients who tested positive, 440 (34.2%) were blood type A, 201 (15.6%) were blood type B, 61 (4.7%) were blood type AB, and 587 (45.5%) were blood type O. On univariate analysis, there was no association between blood type and any of the peak inflammatory markers (peak WBC, p = 0.25; peak LDH, p = 0.40; peak ESR, p = 0.16; peak CRP, p = 0.14) nor between blood type and any of the clinical outcomes of severity (admission p = 0.20, ICU admission p = 0.94, intubation p = 0.93, proning while intubated p = 0.58, ECMO p = 0.09, and death p = 0.49). After multivariable analysis, blood type was not independently associated with risk of intubation or death (referent blood type A; blood type B: AOR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.42-1.26, blood type AB: AOR: 0.78, CI: 0.33-1.87, blood type O: AOR: 0.77, CI: 0.51-1.16), rhesus factor positive (Rh+): AOR: 1.03, CI: 0.93-1.86. Blood type A had no correlation with positive testing (AOR: 1.00, CI: 0.88-1.13), blood type B was associated with higher odds of testing positive for disease (AOR: 1.28, CI: 1.08-1.52), AB was also associated with higher odds of testing positive (AOR: 1.37, CI: 1.02-1.83), and O was associated with a lower risk of testing positive (AOR: 0.84, CI: 0.75-0.95). Rh+ status was associated with higher odds of testing positive (AOR: 1.23, CI: 1.003-1.50). Blood type was not associated with risk of intubation or death in patients with COVID-19. Patients with blood types B and AB who received a test were more likely to test positive and blood type O was less likely to test positive. Rh+ patients were more likely to test positive.}, }
@article {pmid32656589, year = {2020}, author = {Papathanasiou, A}, title = {COVID-19 screening during fertility treatment: how do guidelines compare against each other?.}, journal = {Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10815-020-01885-5}, pmid = {32656589}, issn = {1573-7330}, abstract = {Various fertility scientific societies have published pathways and recommendations for COVID-19 screening during fertility treatments. As there is currently very limited research evidence on how to best deliver this screening, it is not surprising that there are noticeable differences between their recommendations. This paper compares the screening pathways recommended by these guidelines, in the light of the emerging evidence. It proposes the more liberal use of viral testing for improving detection of asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic fertility patients. It also argues that a negative test result on symptomatic individuals should not be over-relied upon for allowing the treatment to proceed. In these cases, a low threshold for cancellation may still need to be maintained.}, }
@article {pmid32656565, year = {2020}, author = {Fauvel, C and Weizman, O and Trimaille, A and Mika, D and Pommier, T and Pace, N and Douair, A and Barbin, E and Fraix, A and Bouchot, O and Benmansour, O and Godeau, G and Mecheri, Y and Lebourdon, R and Yvorel, C and Massin, M and Leblon, T and Chabbi, C and Cugney, E and Benabou, L and Aubry, M and Chan, C and Boufoula, I and Barnaud, C and Bothorel, L and Duceau, B and Sutter, W and Waldmann, V and Bonnet, G and Cohen, A and Pezel, T and , }, title = {Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 patients: a French multicentre cohort study.}, journal = {European heart journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa500}, pmid = {32656565}, issn = {1522-9645}, abstract = {AIMS: While pulmonary embolism (PE) appears to be a major issue in COVID-19, data remain sparse. We aimed to describe the risk factors and baseline characteristics of patients with PE in a cohort of COVID-19 patients.
METHODS AND RESULTS: In a retrospective multicentre observational study, we included consecutive patients hospitalized for COVID-19. Patients without computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA)-proven PE diagnosis and those who were directly admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) were excluded. Among 1240 patients (58.1% men, mean age 64 ± 17 years), 103 (8.3%) patients had PE confirmed by CTPA. The ICU transfer and mechanical ventilation were significantly higher in the PE group (for both P < 0.001). In an univariable analysis, traditional venous thrombo-embolic risk factors were not associated with PE (P > 0.05), while patients under therapeutic dose anticoagulation before hospitalization or prophylactic dose anticoagulation introduced during hospitalization had lower PE occurrence [odds ratio (OR) 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.14-0.91, P = 0.04; and OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.06-0.18, P < 0.001, respectively]. In a multivariable analysis, the following variables, also statistically significant in univariable analysis, were associated with PE: male gender (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.003-1.069, P = 0.04), anticoagulation with a prophylactic dose (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.79-0.85, P < 0.001) or a therapeutic dose (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.82-0.92, P < 0.001), C-reactive protein (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.04, P = 0.001), and time from symptom onset to hospitalization (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.006-1.038, P = 0.002).
CONCLUSION: PE risk factors in the COVID-19 context do not include traditional thrombo-embolic risk factors but rather independent clinical and biological findings at admission, including a major contribution to inflammation.}, }
@article {pmid32656564, year = {2020}, author = {Torbicki, A}, title = {COVID-19 and pulmonary embolism: an unwanted alliance.}, journal = {European heart journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa553}, pmid = {32656564}, issn = {1522-9645}, }
@article {pmid32656548, year = {2020}, author = {Gavrilova, NS and Gavrilov, LA}, title = {Patterns of mortality during pandemic: An example of Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.}, journal = {Population and economics}, volume = {4}, number = {2}, pages = {56-64}, doi = {10.3897/popecon.4.e53492}, pmid = {32656548}, abstract = {Now the attention of the whole world is focused on the developing pandemic of the coronavirus infection COVID-19. This article discusses mortality patterns of the deadliest epidemic in the last 120 years - the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. Statistical sources from Italy and the USA, published shortly after the pandemic, were analyzed. The analysis was carried out for mortality from all causes, since in this case inaccuracies associated with establishing the causes of death are minimized. Despite the fact that the first cases of the Spanish flu appeared in the United States as early as March 1918, this first wave of epidemic practically did not affect the total mortality rate. The main peak of mortality in 1918 occurred in October 1918 both in the USA and Italy, with a gradual decrease in mortality over several months. Analysis of age-specific mortality demonstrates a significant increase in mortality at middle ages (20-50 years) in 1918 compared with 1917. Analysis of mortality trends using the method of latent variables shows a significant increase in the background mortality factor in 1918, which turned out to be higher for Italy than the mortality losses during the Second World War. The Spanish flu pandemic differs from the current coronavirus pandemic, because of significant increase in mortality of middle-aged people, while the COVID-19 pandemic causes a more marked increase in mortality among the elderly. With this, the COVID-19 pandemic is more like the recent flu epidemics than the earlier Spanish flu pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32656513, year = {2020}, author = {Daraï, E and Mathelin, C and Gligorov, J}, title = {Breast Cancer Management during the COVID 19 Pandemic: French Guidelines.}, journal = {European journal of breast health}, volume = {16}, number = {3}, pages = {160-161}, doi = {10.5152/ejbh.2020.200420}, pmid = {32656513}, issn = {2587-0831}, }
@article {pmid32656501, year = {2020}, author = {Hartman, D and Heaton, P and Cammack, N and Hudson, I and Dolley, S and Netsi, E and Norman, T and Mundel, T}, title = {Clinical trials in the pandemic age: What is fit for purpose?.}, journal = {Gates open research}, volume = {4}, number = {}, pages = {58}, doi = {10.12688/gatesopenres.13146.1}, pmid = {32656501}, issn = {2572-4754}, abstract = {It is critical to ensure that COVID-19 studies provide clear and timely answers to the scientific questions that will guide us to scalable solutions for all global regions. Significant challenges in operationalizing trials include public policies for managing the pandemic, public health and clinical capacity, travel and migration, and availability of tests and infrastructure. These factors lead to spikes and troughs in patient count by location, disrupting the ability to predict when or if a trial will reach recruitment goals. The focus must also be on understanding how to provide equitable access to these interventions ensuring that interventions reach those who need them the most, be it patients in low resource settings or vulnerable groups. We introduce a website to be used by The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and other funders of the COVID Therapeutics Accelerator that accept proposals for future clinical research. The portal enables evaluations of clinical study applications that focus on study qualities most likely to lead to informative outcomes and completed studies.}, }
@article {pmid32656455, year = {2020}, author = {Thuy, BTP and My, TTA and Hai, NTT and Hieu, LT and Hoa, TT and Loan, HTP and Triet, NT and Anh, TTV and Quy, PT and Tat, PV and Hue, NV and Quang, DT and Trung, NT and Tung, VT and Huynh, LK and Nhung, NTA}, title = {Correction to Investigation into SARS-CoV-2 Resistance of Compounds in Garlic Essential Oil.}, journal = {ACS omega}, volume = {5}, number = {26}, pages = {16315}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.0c02641}, pmid = {32656455}, issn = {2470-1343}, abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00772.].}, }
@article {pmid32656452, year = {2020}, author = {Hati, S and Bhattacharyya, S}, title = {Impact of Thiol-Disulfide Balance on the Binding of Covid-19 Spike Protein with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Receptor.}, journal = {ACS omega}, volume = {5}, number = {26}, pages = {16292-16298}, doi = {10.1021/acsomega.0c02125}, pmid = {32656452}, issn = {2470-1343}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to an ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which started in 2019. This is a member of Coronaviridae family in the genus Betacoronavirus, which also includes SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 to enter the host cells. In particular, the interaction of viral spike proteins with ACE2 is a critical step in the viral replication cycle. The receptor-binding domain of the viral spike proteins and ACE2 have several cysteine residues. In this study, the role of thiol-disulfide balance on the interactions between SARS-CoV/CoV-2 spike proteins and ACE2 was investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The study revealed that the binding affinity was significantly impaired when all of the disulfide bonds of both ACE2 and SARS-CoV/CoV-2 spike proteins were reduced to thiol groups. The impact on the binding affinity was less severe when the disulfide bridges of only one of the binding partners were reduced to thiols. This computational finding possibly provides a molecular basis for the differential COVID-19 cellular recognition due to the oxidative stress.}, }
@article {pmid32656368, year = {2020}, author = {Leclerc, QJ and Fuller, NM and Knight, LE and , and Funk, S and Knight, GM}, title = {What settings have been linked to SARS-CoV-2 transmission clusters?.}, journal = {Wellcome open research}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {83}, doi = {10.12688/wellcomeopenres.15889.1}, pmid = {32656368}, issn = {2398-502X}, abstract = {Background: Concern about the health impact of novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in widespread enforced reductions in people's movement ("lockdowns"). However, there are increasing concerns about the severe economic and wider societal consequences of these measures. Some countries have begun to lift some of the rules on physical distancing in a stepwise manner, with differences in what these "exit strategies" entail and their timeframes. The aim of this work was to inform such exit strategies by exploring the types of indoor and outdoor settings where transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to occur and result in clusters of cases. Identifying potential settings that result in transmission clusters allows these to be kept under close surveillance and/or to remain closed as part of strategies that aim to avoid a resurgence in transmission following the lifting of lockdown measures. Methods: We performed a systematic review of available literature and media reports to find settings reported in peer reviewed articles and media with these characteristics. These sources are curated and made available in an editable online database. Results: We found many examples of SARS-CoV-2 clusters linked to a wide range of mostly indoor settings. Few reports came from schools, many from households, and an increasing number were reported in hospitals and elderly care settings across Europe. Conclusions: We identified possible places that are linked to clusters of COVID-19 cases and could be closely monitored and/or remain closed in the first instance following the progressive removal of lockdown restrictions. However, in part due to the limits in surveillance capacities in many settings, the gathering of information such as cluster sizes and attack rates is limited in several ways: inherent recall bias, biased media reporting and missing data.}, }
@article {pmid32656359, year = {2020}, author = {Nguyen, AX and Gervasio, KA and Wu, AY}, title = {Differences in SARS-CoV-2 recommendations from major ophthalmology societies worldwide.}, journal = {BMJ open ophthalmology}, volume = {5}, number = {1}, pages = {e000525}, doi = {10.1136/bmjophth-2020-000525}, pmid = {32656359}, issn = {2397-3269}, abstract = {Objective: Since the WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak as a public health emergency, medical societies around the world published COVID-19 recommendations to physicians to ensure patient care and physician safety. During this pandemic, ophthalmologists around the world adapted their clinical and surgical practice following such guidelines. This original research examines all publicly available COVID-19 recommendations from twelve major ophthalmology societies around the world.
Methods and analysis: Twelve ophthalmology societies recognised by the International Council of Ophthalmology were included in this study. One society per each WHO region was included: the society selected was the one who had the highest number of national COVID-19 confirmed cases on 11 May 2020. In addition to these countries, the major ophthalmology society in each G7 country was included.
Results: Ten out of 12 major international ophthalmology societies from countries covering all six WHO regions have given recommendations regarding urgent patient care, social distancing, telemedicine and personal protective equipment when caring for ophthalmic patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While all guidelines emphasise the importance of postponing non-urgent care and taking necessary safety measures, specific recommendations differ between countries.
Conclusions: As there is no clear consensus on ophthalmology guidelines across countries, this paper highlights the differences in international ophthalmic care recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Knowledge of the differences in ophthalmic management plans will allow ophthalmologists and all eye care providers to consider the variety of international approaches and apply best practices following evidence-based recommendations during pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid32656314, year = {2020}, author = {McMillan, P and Uhal, BD}, title = {COVID-19-A theory of autoimmunity to ACE-2.}, journal = {MOJ immunology}, volume = {7}, number = {1}, pages = {17-19}, pmid = {32656314}, issn = {2373-4442}, }
@article {pmid32656312, year = {2020}, author = {Muthusami, R and Saritha, K}, title = {Statistical analysis and visualization of the potential cases of pandemic coronavirus.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {204-208}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00610-1}, pmid = {32656312}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {A local outbreak of initially unknown cause pneumonia was detected in Wuhan (Hubei, China) in December 2019 and a novel coronavirus, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was quickly found to be causing it. Since then, the epidemic has spread to all of China's mainland provinces as well as 58 other countries and territories, with more than 87,137 confirmed cases around the globe, including 79,968 from China, 7169 from other countries as of 1 March 2020, as stated by the World Health Organization in the COVID-19 situation report-41. In response to this current public health emergency, this study done a statistical analysis and visualized reported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) based on the open data collection provided by Johns Hopkins University. Where the location and number of confirmed infected cases have been shown, there have also been deaths, recovered cases and comparisons of the growth rates between the Globe countries. This was intended to provide researchers, public health officials and the general public with exposure to the epidemic.}, }
@article {pmid32656311, year = {2020}, author = {Maurya, VK and Kumar, S and Prasad, AK and Bhatt, MLB and Saxena, SK}, title = {Structure-based drug designing for potential antiviral activity of selected natural products from Ayurveda against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and its cellular receptor.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {179-193}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00598-8}, pmid = {32656311}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {The recent outbreak of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 brought a great global public health and economic concern. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA virus, from the genus Betacoronavirus. Although few molecules have been tested and shown some efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in humans but a safe and cost-effective attachment inhibitors are still required for the treatment of COVID-19. Natural products are gaining attention because of the large therapeutic window and potent antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Therefore, this study was planned to screen natural products from Ayurveda that have the potential to modulate host immune system as well as block the virus entry in host cells by interfering its interaction with cellular receptor and may be used to develop an effective and broad-spectrum strategy for the management of COVID-19 as well as other coronavirus infections in coming future. To decipher the antiviral activity of the selected natural products, molecular docking was performed. Further, the drug-likeness, pharmacokinetics and toxicity parameters of the selected natural products were determined. Docking results suggest that curcumin and nimbin exhibits highest interaction with spike glycoprotein (MolDock score - 141.36 and - 148.621 kcal/mole) and ACE2 receptor (MolDock score - 142.647 and - 140.108 kcal/mole) as compared with other selected natural products/drugs and controls. Also, the pharmacokinetics data illustrated that all selected natural products have better pharmacological properties (low molecular weight; no violation of Lipinski rule of five, good absorption profiles, oral bioavailability, good blood-brain barrier penetration, and low toxicity risk). Our study exhibited that curcumin, nimbin, withaferin A, piperine, mangiferin, thebaine, berberine, and andrographolide have significant binding affinity towards spike glycoprotein of SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor and may be useful as a therapeutic and/or prophylactic agent for restricting viral attachment to the host cells. However, few other natural products like resveratrol, quercetin, luteolin, naringenin, zingiberene, and gallic acid has the significant binding affinity towards ACE2 receptor only and therefore may be used for ACE2-mediated attachment inhibition of SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32656310, year = {2020}, author = {Rajendran, DK and Rajagopal, V and Alagumanian, S and Santhosh Kumar, T and Sathiya Prabhakaran, SP and Kasilingam, D}, title = {Systematic literature review on novel corona virus SARS-CoV-2: a threat to human era.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {161-173}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00604-z}, pmid = {32656310}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the seventh-generation coronavirus family causing viral pandemic coronavirus disease (COVID-19) across globe affecting millions of people. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the major research themes in COVID-19 literature, (2) determine the origin, symptoms and modes of transmission of COVID, (3) recommend the intervention and mitigation strategies adopted by the Governments globally against the spread of COVID-19 and the traumatization among the public? and (4) study the possible drugs/treatment plans against COVID-19. A systematic literature review and comprehensive analysis of 38 research articles on COVID-19 are conducted. An integrated Research focus parallel-ship network and keyword co-occurrence analysis are carried out to visualize the three research concepts in COVID-19 literature. Some of our observations include: (1) as SARS-CoV-2's RNA matches ~ 96% to SARS-CoV, it is assumed to be transmitted from the bats. (2) The common symptoms are high fever, dry cough, fatigue, sputum production, shortness of breath, diarrhoea etc. (3) A lockdown across 180 affected counties for more than a month with social-distancing and the precautions taken in SARS and MERS are recommended by the Governments. (4) Researchers' claim that nutrition and immunity enhancers and treatment plans such as arbidol, lopinavir/ritonavir, convalescent plasma and mesenchymal stem cells and drugs including remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and favipiravir are effective against COVID-19. This complied report serves as guide to help the administrators, researchers and the medical officers to adopt recommended intervention strategies and the optimal treatment/drug against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32656309, year = {2020}, author = {Ceylan, Z and Meral, R and Cetinkaya, T}, title = {Relevance of SARS-CoV-2 in food safety and food hygiene: potential preventive measures, suggestions and nanotechnological approaches.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {154-160}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00611-0}, pmid = {32656309}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is easily transmitted from person to person, which has fueled the ongoing pandemic. Governments in different countries have taken drastic actions such as complete lockdown. However, little attention has been paid to food safety and its potential linkage with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 spread from staff to food products or food surfaces is conceivable. At least, instead of consuming unpackaged or uncovered foods, consumption of boiled or canned foods processed at high temperatures should be preferred. Before consumption, consumers should clean the surface of canned foods. In addition to recommending or enforcing simple precautions, such as using masks, governments must conduct mandatory SARS-CoV-2 tests regularly and intermittently for personnel who handle food materials or supporting materials (e.g., plastic pouches). Local markets, such as those in Wuhan, which sell live animals and exotic foods for consumption, are a concern. Trade of exotic or wild animals, unhygienic marketplace conditions, and not cooking at high temperatures ought to be prohibited. The consumption of vitamins, minerals, and other food-derived compounds such as omega fatty acids is a prudent way to improve the performance of the immune system. In addition, nano-encapsulated materials with controlled release properties may be useful in protecting food products and packaging from SARS-CoV-2 contamination.}, }
@article {pmid32656308, year = {2020}, author = {Akhter, S and Akhtar, S}, title = {Emerging coronavirus diseases and future perspectives.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {113-120}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00590-2}, pmid = {32656308}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {Coronavirus related infectious diseases seems to be biggest challenge of 21 century that have been constantly emerging and threating public health around the globe. Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) that was detected as cause of respiratory tract infection in China by end the December 2019 impelled World Health Organization to declare in January 2020 public health emergency of international concern and consequently pandemic in March 2020. Over a past six months COVID-19 pandemic has wrapped up all continents except Antarctica. Scientists around the globe are finding way to tackle and reduce the ultimate risk and size of pandemic with lower morbidity and mortality rates. In this context, technologies such as sequencing, Crispr and artificial intelligence are playing vital role in diagnosis and management of infectious disease in contrast to conventional methods. Despite of this, there is a need to have rapid and early diagnostic tools and systems that recognize infectious disease in asymptotic condition. Here we provide an overview on the recent CoV outbreak and contribution of technologies with the emphasis on the future management for detection of such infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32656307, year = {2020}, author = {Das, P and Choudhuri, T}, title = {Decoding the global outbreak of COVID-19: the nature is behind the scene.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {106-112}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00605-y}, pmid = {32656307}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {The sudden emergence of SARS-CoV-2 causing the global pandemic is a major public health concern. Though the virus is considered as a novel entity, it is not a completely new member. It is just a new version of previously emerged human SARS corona virus. The rapid evolving nature by changing host body environment and extreme environmental stability, collectively makes SARS-CoV-2 into an extremely virulent genetic variant. The evolution of the virus has been occurred by the continuous process of molecular genetic manipulation, through mutation, deletion and genetic recombinationevents. Different host body environment acts as the supportive system for the pathogen which creates extreme selective pressure. By the process of genetic evolution the pathogen developes new characters. Then the new version of the virus has been naturally selected by susceptible human host and adapt itself inside the host body causing deadly effect. Moreover, extreme environmental stability helps in the process of viral survival outside the host and its transmission. Thus both the host body or internal environment and the external environment performs equally as a source, responsible for shaping the genetic evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 towards theCOVID-19 disease fitness in nature in a pandemic form.}, }
@article {pmid32656306, year = {2020}, author = {Kumar, R and Nagpal, S and Kaushik, S and Mendiratta, S}, title = {COVID-19 diagnostic approaches: different roads to the same destination.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {97-105}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00599-7}, pmid = {32656306}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {"SARS-CoV2", a previously unknown strain of coronaviruses caused a severe respiratory disease called Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which emerged from Wuhan city of China on 30 December 2019, and declared as Global health problem by World Health Organisation within a month. In less than two and half months (11 March, 2020) it was declared as a pandemic disease due to its rapid spreading ability, it covered more than 211 countries infecting around 1.7 million persons and claiming around 1.1 lakhs lives within merely 100 days of its emergence. Containment of the infection of this virus is the only available measure to control the disease as no vaccine or specific antiviral treatment is available. Confirmed detection of the virus followed by isolation of the infected person at the earliest possible is the only measure to prevent this disease. Although there are number of methods available for detection of virus and to combat this disease in the present pandemic situation, but these available diagnostic methods have their own limitations. The speedy and exponential global spread of this disease strongly urges the fast and economic diagnostics tools. Additional to the available diagnostic methods, there is a sudden surge for development of various of methods and platforms to diagnose the COVID-19. The review summarized the advantage and disadvantage of various diagnostic approaches being used presently for COVID-19, newer detection methods in developmental stage and the feasibility of advanced platforms like newer nano-sensor based on-the-spot detection technologies.}, }
@article {pmid32656305, year = {2020}, author = {Akram, MZ}, title = {Inanimate surfaces as potential source of 2019-nCoV spread and their disinfection with biocidal agents.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {94-96}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00603-0}, pmid = {32656305}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {The WHO has declared COVID-19 illness a global health concern which is caused by 2019-nCoV, causing severe respiratory tract infections in humans. Transmissibility among individual to individual have been reported through droplets and probably also via contaminated surfaces and hands. Human coronaviruses can persist on inanimate surfaces such as plastic, glass, fibers and metals up to nine days. 2019-nCoV remains infectious in air for 3 h and on inanimate surfaces such as cardboard, copper, plastic and steel up to 24, 4, 72 and 48 h respectively. Disinfectant activity of various biocidal agents against coronaviruses like ethanol (62-71%), sodium hypochlorite (0.1%) and hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) can be regarded effective against 2019-nCoV as well. As no vaccine and antiviral therapies have been discovered for 2019-nCoV, prevention of further spread will viable option to control the ongoing and future outbreaks.}, }
@article {pmid32656303, year = {2020}, author = {Mandal, B}, title = {The global emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in human.}, journal = {Virusdisease}, volume = {31}, number = {2}, pages = {67-70}, doi = {10.1007/s13337-020-00613-y}, pmid = {32656303}, issn = {2347-3584}, abstract = {Coronaviruses are spherical and enveloped RNA viruses that infect diverse vertebrates like mammals, birds and fish. There are five human coronavirus species and all of their origin is linked to animal like bat and rodent. The two coronavirus species, Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus and Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus are lethal to human. In the second week of December 2019, there was an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown cause in the people associated with a seafood market in Wuhan, China. The disease was designated as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the virus was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) of the genus Betacoronavirus. SARS-CoV-2 being highly transmissible and pathogenic, soon it has spread to 213 countries killing > 0.47 million people. The information on the research findings of SARS-CoC-2 are pouring from all over the world. In a special issue of VirusDisease, "The global emergence of coronavirus in human", various topics relating to emergence, potential cases, transmission dynamics, diagnosis, pathogenesis, food safety, therapeutic strategies and antiviral properties of Ayurveda products are covered.}, }
@article {pmid32656281, year = {2020}, author = {Puradollah, M and Ghasempour, M}, title = {Necessity of Attention to Mental Health of the Front Line Nurses against COVID-19: A Forgotten Requirement.}, journal = {International journal of community based nursing and midwifery}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {280-281}, doi = {10.30476/IJCBNM.2020.85889.1301}, pmid = {32656281}, issn = {2322-2476}, }
@article {pmid32656280, year = {2020}, author = {Shaygan, M and Bahadori, F}, title = {Considerations for Mitigation of the Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 in Older Adults.}, journal = {International journal of community based nursing and midwifery}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {277-279}, doi = {10.30476/ijcbnm.2020.86362.1340}, pmid = {32656280}, issn = {2322-2476}, }
@article {pmid32656279, year = {2020}, author = {Pourghaznein, T and Salati, S}, title = {National Approach in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran.}, journal = {International journal of community based nursing and midwifery}, volume = {8}, number = {3}, pages = {275-276}, doi = {10.30476/IJCBNM.2020.85928.1308}, pmid = {32656279}, issn = {2322-2476}, }
@article {pmid32656223, year = {2020}, author = {Qiao, XM and Xu, XF and Zi, H and Liu, GX and Li, BH and Du, X and Tian, ZH and Liu, XY and Luo, LS and Wang, X}, title = {Re-positive Cases of Nucleic Acid Tests in Discharged Patients With COVID-19: A Follow-Up Study.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {349}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00349}, pmid = {32656223}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Background: The frequent emergence of the re-positive patients with COVID-19 is a potential threat worldwide. This study aimed to describe data from admission to follow-up for patients with COVID-19 and analyze the possible causes for re-positive nucleic acid tests to provide more scientific basis for reducing the numbers of re-positive patients after discharge. Methods: We retrospectively recorded 15 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the Xianyang Central Hospital, China. The baseline, exposure histories, clinical syndromes, laboratory characteristics, nucleic acid, and follow-up tests were analyzed, and the radiological characteristics of re-positive patient at different periods were compared. Results: Eight (53.33%) patients had the history of travel to Wuhan, four (26.67%) patients had close contact with confirmed patients, and one (6.67%) patient had close contact with suspected patients. After treatment, all patients had two consecutively negative nucleic acid tests and were discharged from hospital. All patients were followed up for more than 14 days, and the average time from discharge to the first follow-up was 14.67 ± 3.31 days (from 9 to 22 days). Most patients showed no clinical symptoms and negative nucleic acid tests, while one patient had an itchy throat, her CT scan showed a light density shadow in the right lower lobe of the lung, and the nucleic acid was once again positive. The second follow-up of the other 14 patients (except the re-positive one) was conducted 20.80 ± 7.78 days (from 13 to 30 days) after discharge, and all of them had negative nucleic acid tests. The positive patient was immediately readmitted and received a new round of treatment. Her family members and colleagues remained healthy until now. Conclusions: The quality of nucleic acid testing reagents should be enhanced, and the training of nucleic acid sampling operators should be strengthened to reduce the false-negative results in the nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2; the clinical specimens of throat and nasopharynx swabs can be collected at the same time; IgM- and IgG-specific antibodies of SARS-CoV-2 should be carried out for discharged patients; the radiological characteristics should be evaluated strictly; and the discharge standard can be specified according to the baseline and severity of disease of patients.}, }
@article {pmid32656222, year = {2020}, author = {Jiang, S and Wang, R and Li, L and Hong, D and Ru, R and Rao, Y and Miao, J and Chen, N and Wu, X and Ye, Z and Hu, Y and Xie, M and Zuo, M and Lu, X and Qiu, Y and Liang, T}, title = {Liver Injury in Critically Ill and Non-critically Ill COVID-19 Patients: A Multicenter, Retrospective, Observational Study.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {347}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00347}, pmid = {32656222}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Background: Liver injury commonly occurs in patients with COVID-19. There is limited data describing the course of liver injury occurrence in patients with different disease severity, and the causes and risk factors are unknown. We aim to investigate the incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes of liver injury in patients with COVID-19. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted in three hospitals (Zhejiang, China). From January 19, 2020 to February 20, 2020, patients confirmed with COVID-19 (≥18 years) and without liver injury were enrolled and divided into non-critically ill and critically ill groups. The incidence and characteristics of liver injury were compared between the two groups. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and treatment outcomes between patients with or without liver injury were compared within each group. The multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore the risk factors for liver injury. Results: The mean age of 131 enrolled patients was 51.2 years (standard deviation [SD]: 16.1 years), and 70 (53.4%) patients were male. A total of 76 patients developed liver injury (mild, 40.5%; moderate, 15.3%; severe, 2.3%) with a median occurrence time of 10.0 days. Critically ill patients had higher and earlier occurrence (81.5 vs. 51.9%, 12.0 vs. 5.0 days; p < 0.001), greater injury severity (p < 0.001), and slower recovery (50.0 vs. 61.1%) of liver function than non-critically ill patients. Multivariable regression showed that the number of concomitant medications (odds ratio [OR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-1.21) and the combination treatment of lopinavir/ritonavir and arbidol (OR: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.44-9.52) were risk factors for liver injury in non-critically ill patients. The metabolism of arbidol can be significantly inhibited by lopinavir/ritonavir in vitro (p < 0.005), which may be the underlying cause of drug-related liver injury. Liver injury was related to increased length of hospital stay (mean difference [MD]: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.3-5.2) and viral shedding duration (MD: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.0-4.9). Conclusions: Critically ill patients with COVID-19 suffered earlier occurrence, greater injury severity, and slower recovery from liver injury than non-critically ill patients. Drug factors were related to liver injury in non-critically ill patients. Liver injury was related to prolonged hospital stay and viral shedding duration in patients with COVID-19. Clinical Trial Registration: World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ChiCTR2000030593. Registered March 8, 2020.}, }
@article {pmid32656221, year = {2020}, author = {Ai, JW and Zi, H and Wang, Y and Huang, Q and Wang, N and Li, LY and Pei, B and Ji, J and Zeng, XT}, title = {Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With Gastrointestinal Symptoms: An Analysis of Seven Patients in China.}, journal = {Frontiers in medicine}, volume = {7}, number = {}, pages = {308}, doi = {10.3389/fmed.2020.00308}, pmid = {32656221}, issn = {2296-858X}, abstract = {Objectives: Patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can present with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial symptoms or as the main manifestations during disease progression, but the clinical characteristics of these patients are still unknown. Methods: We identified COVID-19 patients who admitted to Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital and presented with gastrointestinal symptoms as their initial or main symptoms. Their medical records were reviewed by two independent clinical scientists. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics as well as the clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among 142 confirmed COVID-19 cases, 7 (4.9%) of them presented with gastrointestinal symptoms. Three patients had gastrointestinal symptoms as the initial symptoms and chief complaints, and 4 patients as the main symptoms during disease progression. Six patients had symptoms of diarrhea (3-16 days), 7 with anorexia (7-22 days), 6 with upper abdominal discomfort (1-7 days), and 4 with nausea (1-7 days), 1 with heartburn lasting 2 days, and 2 with vomiting symptoms (1 day). The chest CT scan showed typical COVID-19 imaging features, and associated with the progression of the disease. During treatment, 2 patients died due to organ failure. Discussion: COVID-19 patients with gastrointestinal symptoms are relatively rare and might be misdiagnosed. The clinical features include watery stools, anorexia, and upper abdominal discomfort. These patients may have severe disease and be associated with a poor prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 related gastrointestinal symptoms need to clarify in future studies.}, }
@article {pmid32656176, year = {2020}, author = {Palombi, L and Liotta, G and Orlando, S and Emberti Gialloreti, L and Marazzi, MC}, title = {Does the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Call for a New Model of Older People Care?.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {311}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00311}, pmid = {32656176}, issn = {2296-2565}, }
@article {pmid32656175, year = {2020}, author = {Javed, B and Sarwer, A and Soto, EB and Mashwani, ZU}, title = {Impact of SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus) Pandemic on Public Mental Health.}, journal = {Frontiers in public health}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {292}, doi = {10.3389/fpubh.2020.00292}, pmid = {32656175}, issn = {2296-2565}, }
@article {pmid32656172, year = {2020}, author = {Sun, D and Zhu, F and Wang, C and Wu, J and Liu, J and Chen, X and Liu, Z and Wu, Z and Lu, X and Ma, J and Peng, H and Xiao, H}, title = {Children Infected With SARS-CoV-2 From Family Clusters.}, journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {386}, doi = {10.3389/fped.2020.00386}, pmid = {32656172}, issn = {2296-2360}, abstract = {Background: The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is ongoing globally. Limited data are available for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: A retrospective case study was conducted in one designated hospital for children with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Wuhan. Results: Out of the 74 children with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the median age was 5.8 years, with no notable variation based on gender. All of the children had had direct exposure to at least one family member with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. The most common symptoms were cough in 41 (55.4%) and fever in 38 (51.4%). Typical CT patterns of viral pneumonia were exhibited in 40 (54.1%) children, including ground-glass opacity and interstitial abnormalities. However, 17 (23.0%) children were classified as asymptomatic carriers, with neither symptoms nor radiological findings. Also, 68 (91.9%) children recovered fully and showed negative results on RT-PCR assay by nasopharyngeal swabs during our observation period. In contrast to the negative result for nasopharyngeal swab, 34% of the anal swabs showed a continued positive result. The mean hospitalization days of the children discharged after full recovery was 10.0 days. Conclusion: Within family clusters that had SARS-CoV-2 infection, children had mild or even asymptomatic illness. Although CT is highly sensitive, it should be avoided in follow-up of the disease in consideration of the radiological hazards and limited clinical benefits for mild illness in children. Furthermore, it is advocated that both nasopharyngeal and anal swabs should be confirmed negative for viral load prior to declaring full recovery so as to avoid oral-fecal transmission. Asymptomatic children with family clusters are potentially a little-known source of COVID-19. This therefore warrants an urgent reassessment of the transmission dynamics of the current outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid32656114, year = {2020}, author = {Streinu-Cercel, A and Apostolescu, C and Săndulescu, O and Oţelea, D and Streinu-Cercel, A and Vlaicu, O and Paraschiv, S and Benea, OE and Bacruban, R and Niţescu, M and Rafila, A and Şerban, A and Pistol, A and Piţigoi, D}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 in Romania - analysis of the first confirmed case and evolution of the pandemic in Romania in the first three months.}, journal = {Germs}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {132-134}, doi = {10.18683/germs.2020.1198}, pmid = {32656114}, issn = {2248-2997}, }
@article {pmid32656113, year = {2020}, author = {Kahkahi, RE and Moustaine, M and Hafidi, M and Zouhair, R and Errakhi, R}, title = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Morocco: situation update and proposed remedial measures.}, journal = {Germs}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {129-131}, doi = {10.18683/germs.2020.1197}, pmid = {32656113}, issn = {2248-2997}, }
@article {pmid32656108, year = {2020}, author = {Dodangeh, M and Dodangeh, M}, title = {Iranian healthcare system against COVID-19.}, journal = {Germs}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {112-114}, doi = {10.18683/germs.2020.1192}, pmid = {32656108}, issn = {2248-2997}, }
@article {pmid32656102, year = {2020}, author = {Săndulescu, M}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 and dental treatments.}, journal = {Germs}, volume = {10}, number = {2}, pages = {72-73}, doi = {10.18683/germs.2020.1187}, pmid = {32656102}, issn = {2248-2997}, }
@article {pmid32656101, year = {2020}, author = {Freire-Paspuel, B and Vega-Mariño, P and Velez, A and Castillo, P and Gomez-Santos, EE and Cruz, M and Garcia-Bereguiain, MA}, title = {Cotton-Tipped Plastic Swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR Diagnosis to Prevent Supply Shortages.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {356}, doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2020.00356}, pmid = {32656101}, issn = {2235-2988}, abstract = {CDC and WHO guidelines for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) diagnosis only recommend synthetic fiber swabs for nasopharyngeal (NP) sampling. We show that cotton-tipped plastic swabs do not inhibit PCR and have equivalent performance to rayon swabs. Cotton-tipped plastic swabs are massively produced worldwide and would prevent swab supply shortages under the current high SARS-CoV-2 testing demands, particularly in developing countries.}, }
@article {pmid32656094, year = {2020}, author = {Fang, P and Fang, L and Xia, S and Ren, J and Zhang, J and Bai, D and Zhou, Y and Peng, G and Zhao, S and Xiao, S}, title = {Porcine Deltacoronavirus Accessory Protein NS7a Antagonizes IFN-β Production by Competing With TRAF3 and IRF3 for Binding to IKKε.}, journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {257}, doi = {10.3389/fcimb.2020.00257}, pmid = {32656094}, issn = {2235-2988}, abstract = {As an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus, porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) not only causes serious diarrhea in suckling piglets but also possesses the potential for cross-species transmission, which has sparked growing interest when studying this emerging virus. We previously identified a novel accessory protein NS7a encoded by PDCoV; however, the function of NS7a was not resolved. In this study, we demonstrated that PDCoV NS7a is an interferon antagonist. Overexpression of NS7a notably inhibited Sendai virus (SeV)-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) production and the activation of IRF3 rather than NF-κB. NS7a also inhibited IFN-β promoter activity induced by RIG-I, MDA5, MAVS, TBK1, and IKKε, which are key components of the RIG-I-like receptor (RLR) signaling pathway but not IRF3, the transcription factor downstream of TBK1/IKKε. Surprisingly, NS7a specifically interacts with IKKε but not with the closely related TBK1. Furthermore, NS7a interacts simultaneously with the kinase domain (KD) and the scaffold dimerization domain (SDD) of IKKε, competing with TRAF3, and IRF3 for binding to IKKε, leading to the reduction of RLR-mediated IFN-β production. The interactions of TRAF3-IKKε and IKKε-IRF3 are also attenuated in PDCoV-infected cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PDCoV NS7a inhibits IFN-β production by disrupting the association of IKKε with both TRAF3 and IRF3, revealing a new mechanism utilized by a PDCoV accessory protein to evade the host antiviral innate immune response.}, }
@article {pmid32656087, year = {2020}, author = {Dellino, M and Minoia, C and Paradiso, AV and De Palo, R and Silvestris, E}, title = {Fertility Preservation in Cancer Patients During the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic.}, journal = {Frontiers in oncology}, volume = {10}, number = {}, pages = {1009}, doi = {10.3389/fonc.2020.01009}, pmid = {32656087}, issn = {2234-943X}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also identified as Corona virus disease 19 (COVID-19), has recently produced a dramatic and widespread sanitary emergency. However, despite the necessity to assist a substantial number of affected patients, it is also essential to, at the same time, guarantee the usual clinical care, particularly to cancer patients, including fertility preservation (FP) strategies before the beginning of the anti-cancer treatments. The FP techniques for adult female patients include oocyte and embryo cryopreservation, which require both adequate ovarian reserve (OR) and controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) to promote multiple follicular growth. However, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is an additional FP practice suitable when an anti-cancer treatment is urgently required, whereas, for male patients, sperm cryopreservation is a simple and well-adopted procedure. Here, we focus on the current conditions in terms of agreements and rules of FP procedures during this COVID-19 pandemic to achieve and provide useful recommendations for the adoption of these techniques in patients with cancer.}, }
@article {pmid32656050, year = {2020}, author = {Fox, K and Prokup, JA and Butson, K and Jordan, K}, title = {Acute Effusive Pericarditis: A Late Complication of COVID-19.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {e9074}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.9074}, pmid = {32656050}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, the medical community continues to discover novel clinical manifestations of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Often, extrapulmonary manifestations occur simultaneously with pulmonary disease. However, there is a paucity of literature describing the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19 in the absence of pulmonary findings. We report a rare case of acute pericarditis presenting with pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade in a 43-year-old man diagnosed with COVID-19. This case emphasizes the importance of continued investigation regarding diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 and its related symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid32656044, year = {2020}, author = {Sheianov, MV and Udalov, YD and Ochkin, SS and Bashkov, AN and Samoilov, AS}, title = {Pulse Therapy With Corticosteroids and Intravenous Immunoglobulin in the Management of Severe Tocilizumab-Resistant COVID-19: A Report of Three Clinical Cases.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {e9038}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.9038}, pmid = {32656044}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {We present the cases of three patients with severe, life-threatening coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who had failed to achieve substantial improvement on intial treatment. They subsequently received pulse therapy with methylprednisolone [1,000 mg/day intravenously (IV) for three consecutive days] and IV immunoglobulin (20 g/day). This treatment regimen was associated with a prompt resolution of respiratory failure, elimination of clinical manifestations of the cytokine release syndrome (CRS), and reversal of pulmonary CT changes. The treatment was generally safe and well-tolerated. There was no evidence of protracted persistence of the virus in the patients. Further randomized controlled trials are required to better understand the efficacy and safety of high-dose methylprednisolone and IV immunoglobulin, separately or in combination with each other, in the treatment of severe, life-threatening COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32656033, year = {2020}, author = {Gupta, I and Reddy, MK and Hussain, MM and Murthy, PM and Robert, CA}, title = {Atypical Neurological Manifestations of COVID-19.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {e8518}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.8518}, pmid = {32656033}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), belonging to a group of RNA-enveloped viruses and believed to be transmitted by aerosol route, is a worldwide pandemic. Many studies have described typical clinical manifestations such as fever, cough, fatigue, diarrhea, and nasal congestion. However, to our knowledge, there are minimal studies on the neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Our review aims to identify the various neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, which could be an added advantage in the early diagnosis and prevention of further complications of the nervous system.}, }
@article {pmid32656017, year = {2020}, author = {Epstein, RH and Dexter, F}, title = {A Predictive Model for Patient Census and Ventilator Requirements at Individual Hospitals During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: A Preliminary Technical Report.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {e8501}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.8501}, pmid = {32656017}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {During the initial wave of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many hospitals struggled to forecast bed capacity and the number of mechanical ventilators they needed to have available. Numerous epidemiological models forecast regional or national peak bed and ventilator needs, but these are not suitable for predictions at the hospital level. We developed an analytical model to assist hospitals in determining their census and ventilator requirements for COVID-19 patients during future periods of the pandemic, by using their data. This model is based on (1) projection of future daily admissions using counts from the previous seven days, (2) lengths of stay and duration of mechanical ventilation, and (3) the percentage of inpatients requiring mechanical ventilation. The implementation is done within an Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) workbook without the use of add-ins or macro programming. The model inputs for each currently hospitalized patient with COVID-19 are the duration of hospitalization, whether the patient is currently receiving or has previously received mechanical ventilation, and the duration of the current ventilation episode, if applicable. Data validity and internal consistency are checked within the workbook, and errors are identified. Durations of care (length of hospital stay and duration of mechanical ventilation) are generated by fitting a two-parameter Weibull distribution to the hospital's historical data from the initial phase of the pandemic (incorporating censoring due to ongoing care), for which we provide source code in the R programming language (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). Conditional distributions are then calculated using the hospital's current data. The output of the model is nearly instantaneous, producing an estimate of the census and the number of ventilators required in one, three, and seven days following the date on which the simulation is run. Given that the pandemic is ongoing, and a second surge of cases is expected with the reopening of the economy, having such a tool to predict resource needs for hospital planning purposes has been useful. A major benefit to individual hospitals from such modeling has been to provide reassurance to state and local governments that the hospitals have sufficient resources available to meet anticipated needs for new COVID-19 patients without having to set aside substantially greater numbers of beds or ventilators for such care. Such ongoing activity is important for the economic recovery of hospitals that have been hard-hit economically by the shutdown in elective surgery and other patient care activities. The modeling software is freely available at https://FDshort.com/COVID19, and its parameters can easily be modified by end-users.}, }
@article {pmid32656006, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, RS and Patel, N and Baksh, M and Zaidi, A and Patel, J}, title = {Clinical Perspective on 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia: A Systematic Review of Published Case Reports.}, journal = {Cureus}, volume = {12}, number = {6}, pages = {e8488}, doi = {10.7759/cureus.8488}, pmid = {32656006}, issn = {2168-8184}, abstract = {The ongoing pandemic of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), which originated from Wuhan, China, has led to 68,279 deaths due to 2019-nCoV pneumonia as of May 5, 2020. We conducted a systematic review and included 16 case reports to summarize the transmission and pathology of 2019-nCoV, and clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging findings, and treatment in 2019-nCoV pneumonia. The disease is mild in most people; in some, it may progress to severe pneumonia with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Patients with mild illness usually recover at home, with supportive care and isolation in accordance with guidelines. Patients who have moderate to severe pneumonia are usually monitored in the hospital. Although there is no definitive treatment for 2019-nCoV pneumonia so far, some antiviral drugs have shown promising results. The use of lopinavir/ritonavir and remdesivir was associated with significant clinical improvement in severe pneumonia. Nonetheless, we need more randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and treatment guidelines for developing effective management of the 2019-nCoV and improve patient outcomes by reducing mortality in high-risk patients. We also need more clinical trials and management guidelines for the effective management of 2019-nCoV pneumonia.}, }
@article {pmid32656001, year = {2020}, author = {Avila, E and Kahmann, A and Alho, C and Dorn, M}, title = {Hemogram data as a tool for decision-making in COVID-19 management: applications to resource scarcity scenarios.}, journal = {PeerJ}, volume = {8}, number = {}, pages = {e9482}, doi = {10.7717/peerj.9482}, pmid = {32656001}, issn = {2167-8359}, abstract = {Background: COVID-19 pandemics has challenged emergency response systems worldwide, with widespread reports of essential services breakdown and collapse of health care structure. A critical element involves essential workforce management since current protocols recommend release from duty for symptomatic individuals, including essential personnel. Testing capacity is also problematic in several countries, where diagnosis demand outnumbers available local testing capacity.
Purpose: This work describes a machine learning model derived from hemogram exam data performed in symptomatic patients and how they can be used to predict qRT-PCR test results.
Methods: Hemogram exams data from 510 symptomatic patients (73 positives and 437 negatives) were used to model and predict qRT-PCR results through Naïve-Bayes algorithms. Different scarcity scenarios were simulated, including symptomatic essential workforce management and absence of diagnostic tests. Adjusts in assumed prior probabilities allow fine-tuning of the model, according to actual prediction context.
Results: Proposed models can predict COVID-19 qRT-PCR results in symptomatic individuals with high accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, yielding a 100% sensitivity and 22.6% specificity with a prior of 0.9999; 76.7% for both sensitivity and specificity with a prior of 0.2933; and 0% sensitivity and 100% specificity with a prior of 0.001. Regarding background scarcity context, resources allocation can be significantly improved when model-based patient selection is observed, compared to random choice.
Conclusions: Machine learning models can be derived from widely available, quick, and inexpensive exam data in order to predict qRT-PCR results used in COVID-19 diagnosis. These models can be used to assist strategic decision-making in resource scarcity scenarios, including personnel shortage, lack of medical resources, and testing insufficiency.}, }
@article {pmid32655899, year = {2020}, author = {Ferreira, LMR and Mostajo-Radji, MA}, title = {Plasma-based COVID-19 treatments in low- and middle-income nations pose a high risk of an HIV epidemic.}, journal = {NPJ vaccines}, volume = {5}, number = {}, pages = {58}, doi = {10.1038/s41541-020-0209-2}, pmid = {32655899}, issn = {2059-0105}, abstract = {Convalescent plasma therapy holds promise as a transient treatment for COVID-19. Yet, blood products are important sources of HIV infection in low- and middle-income nations. Great care must be taken to prevent plasma therapy from fueling HIV epidemics in the developing world.}, }
@article {pmid32655856, year = {2020}, author = {Park, JF and Banerjee, S and Umar, S}, title = {In the eye of the storm: the right ventricle in COVID-19.}, journal = {Pulmonary circulation}, volume = {10}, number = {3}, pages = {2045894020936660}, doi = {10.1177/2045894020936660}, pmid = {32655856}, issn = {2045-8932}, abstract = {The corona virus disease of 2019 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus continues to inflict significant morbidity and mortality around the globe. A variety of cardiovascular presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described so far. However, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the right ventricle is largely unknown. Due to its pathophysiologic relevance, the right ventricle finds itself in the eye of the storm of corona virus disease of 2019, placing it at higher risk of failure. Increased afterload from acute respiratory distress syndrome and pulmonary embolism, negative inotropic effects of cytokines, and direct angiotensin converting enzyme 2-mediated cardiac injury from SARS-CoV-2 are potential mechanisms of right ventricle dysfunction in corona virus disease of 2019. Early detection and treatment of right ventricle dysfunction may lead to decreased mortality and improved patient outcomes in corona virus disease of 2019.}, }
@article {pmid32655846, year = {2020}, author = {Vispi, M and Corradin, T and Peccianti, C and Feci, L and Casini, L and Pisani, C and Fabbroni, S and Corsetti, P and Croatto, M and Pellegrino, M}, title = {Psoriasis, biological drugs and Coronavirus Disease 2019: Real life experience of two Italian provinces.}, journal = {Dermatology reports}, volume = {12}, number = {1}, pages = {8642}, doi = {10.4081/dr.2020.8642}, pmid = {32655846}, issn = {2036-7392}, abstract = {On January 30, 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) stated that a new coronavirus disease outbreak [COronaVIrus Disease - 19 (COVID-19)] was an international public health emergency. Many news, often fake ones, about the derived pandemic rapidly spread along the media, thus leading many dermatological patients to identify as "risk category" and sometimes discontinue treatments by themselves. The Dermatology Units in Grosseto and Pordenone simultaneously carried out a data collection by remote-conducted visits, evaluating the incidence of COVID-19 in psoriatic patients. Only 1 patient (close contact of a case) as part of the psoriasis analyzed group was tested and turned out to be positive for SARS-CoV-2, developing no symptoms during the observation period. The collected information may suggest that psoriasis, biotechnologically treated or not, cannot promote or aggravate the clinical trend of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, hence stopping systemic therapy in negative or clinically free SARS-CoV-2 patients is not recommended in general.}, }
@article {pmid32655742, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, I and Akoluk, A and Douedi, S and Upadhyaya, V and Mazahir, U and Costanzo, E and Flynn, D}, title = {Life-Threatening Psoas Hematoma due to Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a COVID-19 Patient on Enoxaparin Treated With Arterial Embolization: A Case Report.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine research}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {458-461}, doi = {10.14740/jocmr4256}, pmid = {32655742}, issn = {1918-3003}, abstract = {Respiratory failure is presumptively caused by microvascular thrombosis in some patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) requiring therapeutic anticoagulation. Anticoagulation treatment may cause life-threatening bleeding complications such as retroperitoneal hemorrhage. To the best of our knowledge, we report first case of a COVID-19 patient treated with therapeutic anticoagulation resulting in psoas hematoma due to lumbar artery bleeding. A 69-year-old patient presented with fever, malaise and progressive shortness of breath to our hospital. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 by RT-PCR. Due to an abnormal coagulation profile, the patient was started on enoxaparin. Over the course of hospitalization, the patient was found to have hypotension with worsening hemoglobin levels. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis revealed a large psoas hematoma. Arteriogram revealed lumbar artery bleeding which was treated with embolization. Anticoagulation therapy, while indicated in COVID-19 patients, has its own challenges and guidelines describing dosages and indications in this disease are lacking. Rare bleeding complications such as psoas hematoma should be kept in mind in patients who become hemodynamically unstable, warranting prompt imaging for diagnosis and treatment with arterial embolization, thus eliminating need of surgical intervention.}, }
@article {pmid32655741, year = {2020}, author = {Padala, SA and Vakiti, A and White, JJ and Mulloy, L and Mohammed, A}, title = {First Reported Use of Highly Adsorptive Hemofilter in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients in the USA.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine research}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {454-457}, doi = {10.14740/jocmr4228}, pmid = {32655741}, issn = {1918-3003}, abstract = {Critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) develop respiratory failure and septic shock. Extracorporeal blood purification is proposed as an adjuvant therapy for sepsis and aims at controlling the dysregulated autoimmune system. We describe our experience in treating COVID-19 patients with the oXiris® hemofilter which adsorbs both cytokines and endotoxins, provides renal replacement therapy and has anti-thrombogenic properties. It was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under emergency use authorization for COVID-19 patients in April 2020. In our study, the use of the oXiris® filter decreased levels of inflammatory markers including interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), and improved clinical outcomes in two out of three patients.}, }
@article {pmid32655740, year = {2020}, author = {Chan, AS and Rout, A}, title = {Use of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine research}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {448-453}, doi = {10.14740/jocmr4240}, pmid = {32655740}, issn = {1918-3003}, abstract = {Background: As the pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues, prognostic markers are now being identified. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are easily accessible values that have been known to correlate with inflammation and prognosis in several conditions. We used the available data to identify the association of NLR and PLR with the severity of COVID-19.
Methods: A literature search using EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar for studies reporting the use of NLR and PLR in COVID-19 published until April 28, 2020, was performed. Random effects meta-analysis was done to estimate standard mean difference (SMD) of NLR and PLR values with 95% confidence interval (CI) between severe and non-severe COVID-19 cases.
Results: A total of 20 studies with 3,508 patients were included. Nineteen studies reported NLR values, while five studies reported PLR values between severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients. Higher levels of NLR (SMD: 2.80, 95% CI: 2.12 - 3.48, P < 0.00001) and PLR (SMD: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.03 - 2.61, P < 0.00001)) were seen in patients with severe disease compared to non-severe disease.
Conclusions: NLR and PLR can be used as independent prognostic markers of disease severity in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32655735, year = {2020}, author = {Ullah, W and Basyal, B and Tariq, S and Almas, T and Saeed, R and Roomi, S and Haq, S and Madara, J and Boigon, M and Haas, DC and Fischman, DL}, title = {Lymphocyte-to-C-Reactive Protein Ratio: A Novel Predictor of Adverse Outcomes in COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine research}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {415-422}, doi = {10.14740/jocmr4227}, pmid = {32655735}, issn = {1918-3003}, abstract = {Background: Systemic inflammation elicited by a cytokine storm is considered a hallmark of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to assess the validity and clinical utility of the lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein (CRP) ratio (LCR), typically used for gastric carcinoma prognostication, versus the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for predicting in-hospital outcomes in COVID-19.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed to determine the association of LCR and NLR with the need for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), dialysis, upgrade to an intensive care unit (ICU) and mortality. Independent t-test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to calculate mean differences and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with its 95% confidence interval (CI), respectively.
Results: The mean age for NLR patients was 63.6 versus 61.6, and for LCR groups, it was 62.6 versus 63.7 years, respectively. The baseline comorbidities across all groups were comparable except that the higher LCR group had female predominance. The mean NLR was significantly higher for patients who died during hospitalization (19 vs. 7, P ≤ 0.001) and those requiring IMV (12 vs. 7, P = 0.01). Compared to alive patients, a significantly lower mean LCR was observed in patients who did not survive hospitalization (1,011 vs. 632, P = 0.04). For patients with a higher NLR (> 10), the unadjusted odds of mortality (odds ratios (ORs) 11.0, 3.6 - 33.0, P < 0.0001) and need for IMV (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4 - 7.7, P = 0.008) were significantly higher compared to patients with lower NLR. By contrast, for patients with lower LCR (< 100), the odds of in-hospital all-cause mortality were significantly higher compared to patients with a higher LCR (OR 0.2, 0.06 - 0.47, P = 0.001). The aORs controlled for baseline comorbidities and medications mirrored the overall results, indicating a genuinely significant correlation between these biomarkers and outcomes.
Conclusions: A high NLR and decreased LCR value predict higher odds of in-hospital mortality. A high LCR at presentation might indicate impending clinical deterioration and the need for IMV.}, }
@article {pmid32655733, year = {2020}, author = {Gavriilidis, P and Pai, M}, title = {The Impact of COVID-19 Global Pandemic on Morbidity and Mortality of Liver Transplant Recipients Children and Adults: A Systematic Review of Case Series.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine research}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {404-408}, doi = {10.14740/jocmr4223}, pmid = {32655733}, issn = {1918-3003}, abstract = {The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) changed the surgical everyday practice overnight. Currently, the first articles reporting outcomes of liver transplant recipients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are published. The aim of the present study was to summarise the existing evidence of impact of COVID-19 global pandemic on liver transplant recipients. Electronic databases were searched in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items in Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Five studies were selected from a pool of 12 studies with a total of 854 liver transplant recipients of whom 700 were children and the rest 154 were adults. The present evidence, based on case reports and series demonstrated lower mortality in liver transplant recipients compared to general population.}, }
@article {pmid32655731, year = {2020}, author = {Altamimi, E}, title = {Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic and Lockdown on Children With Gastrointestinal Disorders.}, journal = {Gastroenterology research}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {125-128}, doi = {10.14740/gr1290}, pmid = {32655731}, issn = {1918-2805}, }
@article {pmid32655724, year = {2020}, author = {Ahmed, M}, title = {Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Gastroenterologist's Perspective in May 2020.}, journal = {Gastroenterology research}, volume = {13}, number = {3}, pages = {89-95}, doi = {10.14740/gr1292}, pmid = {32655724}, issn = {1918-2805}, abstract = {We are in the middle of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which has affected every aspect of human life all over the world. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, it is in fact a multisystem disorder causing high mortality and panicking the whole world. Gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations of this disorder usually accompany respiratory manifestations and this combination is indicative of the severity of the disease. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA, which causes COVID-19, enters the body by attaching to angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptors which are not only present in the respiratory tract but also in the GI tract. Person-to-person droplet transmission is the main mode of spread although there is potential for fecal-oral transmission. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are not at increased risk of developing COVID-19 and they should continue to take their current medications. If they become positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA or COVID-19, their biologic therapy should be either delayed or on hold temporarily. GI endoscopy units are high-risk areas and GI procedures are high-risk procedures for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Only emergency and semi-emergency procedures should be done, and elective procedures should be temporarily on hold until adequate resources are available. Endoscopists should use appropriate personal protective equipment. Mildly abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) are common in COVID-19 patients and are mostly due to systemic inflammatory response, hepatic ischemia or hepatotoxic medications. Close monitoring of liver function and supportive care of COVID-19 patients are recommended.}, }
@article {pmid32655654, year = {2020}, author = {Hon, KL and Leung, KKY and Leung, AK and Qian, SY and Chan, VP and Ip, P and Wong, IC}, title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): latest developments in potential treatments.}, journal = {Drugs in context}, volume = {9}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.7573/dic.2020-4-15}, pmid = {32655654}, issn = {1745-1981}, abstract = {Many viral respiratory infections can cause severe acute respiratory symptoms leading to mortality and morbidity. In the spring of 2003, the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak caused by SARS-CoV spread globally. In the summer of 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreak caused by MERS-CoV occurred in Saudi Arabia. In the winter of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 occurred in China which rapidly spread worldwide causing a global pandemic. Up until 27 May 2020, there are 5.5 million confirmed cases of COVID-19 and 347,587 COVID-19 related deaths worldwide, and there has also been an unprecedented increase in socioeconomic and psychosocial issues related to COVID-19. This overview aims to review the current developments in preventive treatments and therapies for COVID-19. The development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is ongoing and various clinical trials are currently underway around the world. It is hoped that existing antivirals including remdesivir and lopinavir-ritonavir might have roles in the treatment of COVID-19, but results from trials thus far have not been promising. COVID-19 causes a mild respiratory disease in the majority of cases, but in some cases, cytokine activation causes sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, leading to morbidity and mortality. Immunomodulatory treatments and biologics are also being actively explored as therapeutics for COVID-19. On the other hand, the use of steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been discouraged based on concerns about their adverse effects. Over the past two decades, coronaviruses have caused major epidemics and outbreaks worldwide, whilst modern medicine has been playing catch-up all along.}, }
@article {pmid32655584, year = {2020}, author = {Konwarh, R}, title = {Nanobodies: Prospects of Expanding the Gamut of Neutralizing Antibodies Against the Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1531}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01531}, pmid = {32655584}, issn = {1664-3224}, }
@article {pmid32655583, year = {2020}, author = {Arboleda, JF and Urcuqui-Inchima, S}, title = {Vitamin D Supplementation: A Potential Approach for Coronavirus/COVID-19 Therapeutics?.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1523}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01523}, pmid = {32655583}, issn = {1664-3224}, }
@article {pmid32655582, year = {2020}, author = {Freeman, TL and Swartz, TH}, title = {Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Severe COVID-19.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1518}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01518}, pmid = {32655582}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Since December of 2019, a global expansion of the infection has occurred with widespread dissemination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 often manifests as only mild cold-like symptomatology, but severe disease with complications occurs in 15% of cases. Respiratory failure occurs in severe disease that can be accompanied by a systemic inflammatory reaction characterized by inflammatory cytokine release. In severe cases, fatality is caused by the rapid development of severe lung injury characteristic of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS is a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is not viral replication or infection that causes tissue injury; rather, it is the result of dysregulated hyperinflammation in response to viral infection. This pathology is characterized by intense, rapid stimulation of the innate immune response that triggers activation of the Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway and release of its products including the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Here we review the literature that describes the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and NLRP3 activation and describe an important role in targeting this pathway for the treatment of severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32655581, year = {2020}, author = {Market, M and Angka, L and Martel, AB and Bastin, D and Olanubi, O and Tennakoon, G and Boucher, DM and Ng, J and Ardolino, M and Auer, RC}, title = {Flattening the COVID-19 Curve With Natural Killer Cell Based Immunotherapies.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1512}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01512}, pmid = {32655581}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune responders critical for viral clearance and immunomodulation. Despite their vital role in viral infection, the contribution of NK cells in fighting SARS-CoV-2 has not yet been directly investigated. Insights into pathophysiology and therapeutic opportunities can therefore be inferred from studies assessing NK cell phenotype and function during SARS, MERS, and COVID-19. These studies suggest a reduction in circulating NK cell numbers and/or an exhausted phenotype following infection and hint toward the dampening of NK cell responses by coronaviruses. Reduced circulating NK cell levels and exhaustion may be directly responsible for the progression and severity of COVID-19. Conversely, in light of data linking inflammation with coronavirus disease severity, it is necessary to examine NK cell potential in mediating immunopathology. A common feature of coronavirus infections is that significant morbidity and mortality is associated with lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome resulting from an exaggerated immune response, of which NK cells are an important component. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of how NK cells respond in both early and late coronavirus infections, and the implication for ongoing COVID-19 clinical trials. Using this immunological lens, we outline recommendations for therapeutic strategies against COVID-19 in clearing the virus while preventing the harm of immunopathological responses.}, }
@article {pmid32655580, year = {2020}, author = {Morniroli, D and Giannì, ML and Consales, A and Pietrasanta, C and Mosca, F}, title = {Human Sialome and Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An Understated Correlation?.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1480}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01480}, pmid = {32655580}, issn = {1664-3224}, }
@article {pmid32655579, year = {2020}, author = {Sfera, A and Osorio, C and Jafri, N and Diaz, EL and Campo Maldonado, JE}, title = {Intoxication With Endogenous Angiotensin II: A COVID-19 Hypothesis.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1472}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01472}, pmid = {32655579}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has spread rapidly around the globe. However, despite its high pathogenicity and transmissibility, the severity of the associated disease, COVID-19, varies widely. While the prognosis is favorable in most patients, critical illness, manifested by respiratory distress, thromboembolism, shock, and multi-organ failure, has been reported in about 5% of cases. Several studies have associated poor COVID-19 outcomes with the exhaustion of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T cells, lymphopenia, and elevated serum levels of D-dimer. In this article, we propose a common pathophysiological denominator for these negative prognostic markers, endogenous, angiotensin II toxicity. We hypothesize that, like in avian influenza, the outlook of COVID-19 is negatively correlated with the intracellular accumulation of angiotensin II promoted by the viral blockade of its degrading enzyme receptors. In this model, upregulated angiotensin II causes premature vascular senescence, leading to dysfunctional coagulation, and immunity. We further hypothesize that angiotensin II blockers and immune checkpoint inhibitors may be salutary for COVID-19 patients with critical illness by reversing both the clotting and immune defects (Graphical Abstract).}, }
@article {pmid32655578, year = {2020}, author = {Severa, M and Farina, C and Salvetti, M and Coccia, EM}, title = {Three Decades of Interferon-β in Multiple Sclerosis: Can We Repurpose This Information for the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection?.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1459}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01459}, pmid = {32655578}, issn = {1664-3224}, }
@article {pmid32655577, year = {2020}, author = {Colafrancesco, S and Scrivo, R and Barbati, C and Conti, F and Priori, R}, title = {Targeting the Immune System for Pulmonary Inflammation and Cardiovascular Complications in COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Frontiers in immunology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1439}, doi = {10.3389/fimmu.2020.01439}, pmid = {32655577}, issn = {1664-3224}, abstract = {In December 2019, following a cluster of pneumonia cases in China caused by a novel coronavirus (CoV), named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the infection disseminated worldwide and, on March 11th, 2020, the World Health Organization officially declared the pandemic of the relevant disease named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In Europe, Italy was the first country facing a true health policy emergency, and, as at 6.00 p.m. on May 2nd, 2020, there have been more than 209,300 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Due to the increasing number of patients experiencing a severe outcome, global scientific efforts are ongoing to find the most appropriate treatment. The usefulness of specific anti-rheumatic drugs came out as a promising treatment option together with antiviral drugs, anticoagulants, and symptomatic and respiratory support. For this reason, we feel a duty to share our experience and our knowledge on the use of these drugs in the immune-rheumatologic field, providing in this review the rationale for their use in the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32655532, year = {2020}, author = {Dev Kumar, G and Mishra, A and Dunn, L and Townsend, A and Oguadinma, IC and Bright, KR and Gerba, CP}, title = {Biocides and Novel Antimicrobial Agents for the Mitigation of Coronaviruses.}, journal = {Frontiers in microbiology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1351}, doi = {10.3389/fmicb.2020.01351}, pmid = {32655532}, issn = {1664-302X}, abstract = {In December, 2019, a highly infectious and rapidly spreading new pneumonia of unknown cause was reported to the Chinese WHO Country Office. A cluster of these cases had appeared in Wuhan, a city in the Hubei Province of China. These infections were found to be caused by a new coronavirus which was given the name "2019 novel coronavirus" (2019-nCoV). It was later renamed "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2," or SARS-CoV-2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses on February 11, 2020. It was named SARS-CoV-2 due to its close genetic similarity to the coronavirus which caused the SARS outbreak in 2002 (SARS-CoV-1). The aim of this review is to provide information, primarily to the food industry, regarding a range of biocides effective in eliminating or reducing the presence of coronaviruses from fomites, skin, oral/nasal mucosa, air, and food contact surfaces. As several EPA approved sanitizers against SARS-CoV-2 are commonly used by food processors, these compounds are primarily discussed as much of the industry already has them on site and is familiar with their application and use. Specifically, we focused on the effects of alcohols, povidone iodine, quaternary ammonium compounds, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet light, metals, and plant-based antimicrobials. This review highlights the differences in the resistance or susceptibility of different strains of coronaviruses, or similar viruses, to these antimicrobial agents.}, }
@article {pmid32655491, year = {2020}, author = {Baricich, A and Santamato, A and Picelli, A and Morone, G and Smania, N and Paolucci, S and Fiore, P}, title = {Spasticity Treatment During COVID-19 Pandemic: Clinical Recommendations.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {719}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00719}, pmid = {32655491}, issn = {1664-2295}, }
@article {pmid32655490, year = {2020}, author = {Khateb, M and Bosak, N and Muqary, M}, title = {Coronaviruses and Central Nervous System Manifestations.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {715}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00715}, pmid = {32655490}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that has caused an ongoing worldwide pandemic. Emerging in Wuhan, China in December 2019, the virus has spread rapidly around the world. Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, has resulted in significant morbidity and mortality. The most prominent symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection are respiratory. However, accumulating evidence highlights involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). This includes headache, anosmia, meningoencephalitis, acute ischemic stroke, and several presumably post/para-infectious syndromes and altered mental status not explained by respiratory etiologies. Interestingly, previous studies in animal models emphasized the neurotropism of coronaviruses; thus, these CNS manifestations of COVID-19 are not surprising. This minireview scans the literature regarding the involvement of the CNS in coronavirus infections in general, and in regard to the recent SARS-CoV-2, specifically.}, }
@article {pmid32655489, year = {2020}, author = {Fiani, B and Covarrubias, C and Desai, A and Sekhon, M and Jarrah, R}, title = {A Contemporary Review of Neurological Sequelae of COVID-19.}, journal = {Frontiers in neurology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {640}, doi = {10.3389/fneur.2020.00640}, pmid = {32655489}, issn = {1664-2295}, abstract = {Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is currently the center of what has become a public health crisis. While the virus is well-known for its trademark effects on respiratory function, neurological damage has been reported to affect a considerable proportion of severe cases. To characterize the neuro-invasive potential of this disease, a contemporary review of COVID-19 and its neurological sequelae was conducted using the limited, but growing, literature that is available. These neurological squeal are based on the manifestations that the virus has on normal central and peripheral nervous system function. The authors present the virology of the SARS-CoV-2 agent by analyzing its classification as an enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus. A comprehensive timeline is then presented, indicating the progression of the disease as a public health threat. Furthermore, underlying chronic neurological conditions potentially lead to more adverse cases of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 may reach ACE2 receptors on neuronal tissue through mode of the general circulation. The CNS may also be susceptible to an immune response where a "cytokine storm" can manifest into neural injury. Histological evidence is provided, while symptoms such as headache and vertigo are highlighted as CNS manifestations of COVID-19. Treatment of these symptoms is addressed with paracetamol being recommended as a possible, but not conclusive, treatment to some CNS symptoms. The authors then discuss the peripheral nervous system sequelae and COVID's impact on causing chemosensory dysfunction starting with viral attack on olfactory sensory neurons and cells types within the lining of the nose. Histological evidence is also provided while symptoms such as anosmia and ageusia are characterized as PNS manifestations. Possible treatment options for these symptoms are then addressed as a major limitation, as anecdotal, and not conclusive evidence can be made. Finally, preventive measures of the neurological sequelae are addressed using a multidirectional approach. Postmortem examinations of the brains of COVID-19 patients are suggested as being a possible key to formulating new understandings of its neuropathology. Lastly, the authors suggest a more comprehensive neurological follow-up of recovered patients, in order to better characterize the neurological sequelae of this illness.}, }
@article {pmid32655463, year = {2020}, author = {Rodríguez-Rey, R and Garrido-Hernansaiz, H and Collado, S}, title = {Psychological Impact and Associated Factors During the Initial Stage of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic Among the General Population in Spain.}, journal = {Frontiers in psychology}, volume = {11}, number = {}, pages = {1540}, doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01540}, pmid = {32655463}, issn = {1664-1078}, abstract = {The outbreak of COVID-19 in Spain started at the end of February. By 9th April 2020 Spain was the second country in confirmed cases and in deaths. On March 14, 2020, the Spanish Government declared the state of alarm to limit viral transmission. During such state, citizens must stay confined at home with few justified exceptions. This whole situation drastically changed the life of the population, which can cause a wide range of psychosocial impacts. This study explored the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general adult population (N = 3055) during the first stages of the outbreak in Spain, as well as their anxiety, stress and depression levels. We also examined the extent to which the following variables were associated to participants' mental health: (1) demographics; (2) degree of concern about the pandemic; (3) environmental conditions during the home confinement, (4) changes in daily life as a consequence of the pandemic; (5) contact with the COVID-19 disease; (6) actual and perceived severity of the crisis; (7) information about the COVID-19, (8) perceived health status and (9) leisure activities conducted within the last 24 h. Our results show that Spanish consider the current COVID-19 health crisis as fairly severe, and the majority felt that the COVID-19 crisis had greatly impacted on their daily life, including changes in their daily routines and cancelation of important activities. About 36% of the participants reported moderate to severe psychological impact, 25% showed mild to severe levels of anxiety, 41% reported depressive symptoms, and 41% felt stressed. Women, young, and those who that lost their job during the health crisis showed the strongest negative psychological symptoms. What worried Spaniards the most was the likelihood of suffering an economic crisis derived from the pandemic. We found factors associated with better mental health, such as being satisfied with the information received about the health crisis, conducting leisure activities, and the perception of being in good health. These findings can be used to design psychological interventions to help coping with COVID-19 pandemic, both in Spain and other countries.}, }
@article {pmid32655150, year = {2020}, author = {Hicks, M}, title = {Navigating through COVID-19.}, journal = {The Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne}, volume = {61}, number = {7}, pages = {673-674}, pmid = {32655150}, issn = {0008-5286}, }
@article {pmid32655128, year = {2020}, author = {Ruiz Moruno, AJ and Rodríguez Cola, M and Jiménez Velasco, I and Ruíz Delgado, RM and González Rubio, A}, title = {[Effectiveness of the implementation of clinical-epidemiological management during Covid-19 in a medium-long-stay hospital.].}, journal = {Revista espanola de salud publica}, volume = {94}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {32655128}, issn = {2173-9110}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The effects of the Covid-19 health emergency have demonstrated the high vulnerability of people residing in medium and long-stay centers, with high mortality rates. Little data is available about contingency protocols to minimize the spread of the virus in these centers. The goal of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 and the preventive and management measures adopted at the National Hospital for Paraplegics (Toledo, Castilla-La Mancha, Spain) to minimize the risk of transmission of Covid-19.
METHODS: A team of specialists in Preventive and Internal Medicine established a protocol for active surveillance, identification of suspected and confirmed cases, and follow-up of contacts. Also, a Unit for the care of confirmed cases was created with personnel specifically trained in Covid-19, to achieve better patient care and optimize the available resources. Descriptive statistical measures have been used to analyze the data.
RESULTS: The prevalence of Covid-19 was 12.2%, with a cumulative incidence of 8.2%. After the protocol was established, control of the disease was achieved without hospital transmission after its application. Due to the alarm generated at the start of the pandemic, up to 45% of the requested RT-PCRs did not meet the criteria of the Ministry of Health, all of which were negative. The clinical characteristics of our patients differed slightly from those observed in other studies published in the general population, with cough and asthenia being the most frequent symptoms, present in 69.2% and 38.5%, respectively. 100% of the infected patients did not present complications that required assistance in the Intensive Care Unit.
CONCLUSIONS: With the application of preventive and organizational actions, we consider that we have presented a low incidence of those infected. The preparation of protocols and their supervision is essential for the rapid identification of cases and optimization of the tests requested. Despite being a medium and long-stay hospital, we have not presented any mortality or complications that required admission to the Intensive Care Unit.}, }
@article {pmid32655060, year = {2020}, author = {Yasri, S and Wiwanitkit, V}, title = {Risk-prediction model for COVID-19 infection in dialysis patients.}, journal = {Saudi journal of kidney diseases and transplantation : an official publication of the Saudi Center for Organ Transplantation, Saudi Arabia}, volume = {31}, number = {3}, pages = {699-700}, doi = {10.4103/1319-2442.289460}, pmid = {32655060}, issn = {1319-2442}, }
@article {pmid32655032, year = {2020}, author = {Moradi, H and Naimi, A and Moeinzadeh, F}, title = {Response to Comment on; Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.}, journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {326-328}, pmid = {32655032}, issn = {1735-8604}, }
@article {pmid32655031, year = {2020}, author = {Mubarak, M and Tolouian, R and Kowalewska, J and Nasri, H}, title = {Comment: Newly Diagnosed Glomerulonephritis During COVID-19 Infection Undergoing Immunosuppression Therapy, a Case Report.}, journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {323-325}, pmid = {32655031}, issn = {1735-8604}, }
@article {pmid32655030, year = {2020}, author = {Najafi, MT and Abbasi, MR and Dehghan Manshadi, SA and Rahimzadeh, S and Shojamoradi, MH}, title = {Surveillance and Isolation Based Strategies to Prevent COVID-19 in a Dialysis Center of Tehran, a Customized Approach.}, journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {321-322}, pmid = {32655030}, issn = {1735-8604}, }
@article {pmid32655021, year = {2020}, author = {Abrishami, A and Khalili, N and Dalili, N and Khaleghnejad Tabari, R and Farjad, R and Samavat, S and Neyriz Naghadehi, A and Haghighatkhah, H and Nafar, M and Sanei-Taheri, M}, title = {Clinical and Radiologic Characteristics of COVID-19 in Patients With CKD.}, journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {267-277}, pmid = {32655021}, issn = {1735-8604}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the presentation and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
METHODS: We included 43 patients with a past history of CKD and confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Patients were evaluated for demographic characteristics, clinical and laboratory data and findings of initial chest computed tomography (CT) and were followed until either death or discharge occurred. Then, study variables were compared based on final outcome and stage of CKD.
RESULTS: Mean age ± SD of patients was 60.65 ± 14.36 years; 65.1% were male. Five of 43 patients (11.6%) died on follow-up and the rest were discharged. Disease outcome did not differ across CKD stages (P > .05). More than half of the patients (58.1%) presented with severe disease on admission. Clinical symptoms were similar to those of non-CKD individuals. Mean duration of hospitalization was higher in those who died, although not significant (16.6 ± 8.38 vs. 11 ± 6.26, P > .05). The only hematologic parameter that significantly differed between survivors and non-survivors was lactase dehydrogenase level (P < .05). Ground-glass opacification and reticular pattern were the most frequent patterns on CT and pleural effusion existed in about one-fifth of all patients. A greater lower zone score was noted in deceased patients (P < .05).
CONCLUSION: Patients with CKD are vulnerable to a more severe form of COVID-19 and experience a higher mortality rate than the general population; however, higher CKD stage is not related to worse prognosis or different imaging manifestation compared with lower stage.}, }
@article {pmid32655019, year = {2020}, author = {Dashti-Khavidaki, S and Khalili, H and Nourian, A}, title = {Pharmacotherapy Considerations in CKD Patients With COVID-19, A Narrative Review.}, journal = {Iranian journal of kidney diseases}, volume = {14}, number = {4}, pages = {247-255}, pmid = {32655019}, issn = {1735-8604}, abstract = {Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among patients with CKD requires special pharmacotherapy considerations that are reviewed here. Literature review was done for several pharmacotherapy aspects in CKD patients including selection and modification of COVID-19 treatment, drug interactions, nephrotoxicity of drugs that are used for treatment of COVID-19 and potential risks/benefits of routine medications of CKD patients during COVID-19 pandemic. CKD patients should be treated according to local or national COVID-19 protocols as other patients. But, there is no data on using remdesivir in patients with severe CKD. Oseltamivir and ribavirin require dose modification in patients with moderate to severe CKD. Nephrolithiasis, CKD, and acute interstitial nephritis have been reported with protease inhibitors. Acute kidney injury has been reported with remdesivir in patients with severe COVID-19. Pharmacokinetic-enhanced protease inhibitors increase the concentration of some drugs such as statins, cinacalcet, steroids, calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). Some hypothetical benefits and harms have been suggested for statins and renin-angiotensinaldosterone system inhibitors in COVID-19 patients. Continuing guideline-directed administration of these drugs is recommended. Among different immunomodulating/immunosuppressive drugs, hydroxychloroquine and CNIs are the safest ones during COVID-19. Antimetabolites are suggested to be withheld during moderate to severe COVID-19. Fluid therapy and anticoagulant prophylaxis/ treatment need special attention in CKD patients with COVID-19. CKD patients with COVID-19 are treated as other patients, with some dose modifications if needed. Be mindful for management of drug interactions as well as modification of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with moderate to severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32655013, year = {2020}, author = {Hansrivijit, P and Qian, C and Boonpheng, B and Thongprayoon, C and Vallabhajosyula, S and Cheungpasitporn, W and Ghahramani, N}, title = {Incidence of acute kidney injury and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19: a meta-analysis.}, journal = {Journal of investigative medicine : the official publication of the American Federation for Clinical Research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/jim-2020-001407}, pmid = {32655013}, issn = {1708-8267}, abstract = {Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complication of COVID-19. However, the incidence of AKI in COVID-19 varies among studies. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the pooled incidence of AKI and its association with mortality in patients with COVID-19 using a meta-analysis. We search Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for eligible publications reporting the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 without language restriction. Incidence of AKI and mortality were reported. Meta-regression was used to describe the association between outcomes. From 26 studies (n=5497), the pooled incidence of AKI in patients with COVID-19 was 8.4% (95% CI 6.0% to 11.7%) with a pooled incidence of renal replacement therapy of 3.6% (95% CI 1.8% to 7.1%). The incidence of AKI was higher in critically ill patients (19.9%) compared with hospitalized patients (7.3%). The pooled estimated odds ratio for mortality from AKI was 13.33 (95% CI 4.05 to 43.91). No potential publication bias was detected. By using meta-regression analyses, the incidence of AKI was positively associated with mortality after adjusted for age and sex (Q=26.18; p=0.02). Moreover, age (p<0.01), diabetes (p=0.02), hypertension (p<0.01) and baseline serum creatinine levels (p=0.04) were positively associated with AKI incidence in adjusted models. In conclusion, AKI is present in 8.3% of overall patients with COVID-19 and in 19.9% of critically ill patients with COVID-19. Presence of AKI is associated with 13-fold increased risk of mortality. Age, diabetes, hypertension, and baseline serum creatinine levels are associated with increased AKI incidence.}, }
@article {pmid32654999, year = {2020}, author = {Chao, TN and Frost, AS and Brody, RM and Byrnes, YM and Cannady, SB and Luu, NN and Rajasekaran, K and Shanti, RM and Silberthau, KR and Triantafillou, V and Newman, JG}, title = {Creation of an Interactive Virtual Surgical Rotation for Undergraduate Medical Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of surgical education}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.06.039}, pmid = {32654999}, issn = {1878-7452}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: During the coronavirus 2019 pandemic, medical student involvement in direct patient care has been severely limited. Rotations mandatory not only for core curricula but also for informing decisions regarding specialty choice have been postponed during a critical window in the application cycle. Existing virtual rotations are largely observational or lack patient-facing components.
SETTING: A virtual Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery rotation at the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) was implemented for medical students, comprising interactive live-streamed surgeries, outpatient telehealth visits, and virtual small group didactics.
RESULTS: Medical students enrolled in the virtual surgical rotation were able to engage with attending surgeons and operating room staff while remotely viewing surgical procedures captured with first-person audiovisual technology. Students participated in several different aspects of care delivery in both the inpatient and outpatient setting, similar to their typical responsibilities of an in-person rotation.
CONCLUSIONS: The authors will continue to develop the virtual surgical education methodology to further disseminate an interactive video-based medical student elective to other procedural specialties and institutions.}, }
@article {pmid32654982, year = {2020}, author = {Papadokostaki, E and Tentolouris, N and Liberopoulos, E}, title = {COVID-19 and diabetes: What does the clinician need to know?.}, journal = {Primary care diabetes}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pcd.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32654982}, issn = {1878-0210}, abstract = {COVID-19 and diabetes are currently two global pandemics. Epidemiological studies indicate that diabetes is the second most common comorbidity in COVID-19. This review aims to summarize currently available data about prevalence, possible pathophysiological mechanisms and management of patients with diabetes and COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32654966, year = {2020}, author = {Esposito, A and Palmisano, A and Natale, L and Ligabue, G and Peretto, G and Lovato, L and Vignale, D and Fiocchi, F and Marano, R and Russo, V}, title = {Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Characterization of Myocarditis-Like Acute Cardiac Syndrome in COVID-19.}, journal = {JACC. Cardiovascular imaging}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.003}, pmid = {32654966}, issn = {1876-7591}, }
@article {pmid32654965, year = {2020}, author = {D'Andrea, A and Scarafile, R and Riegler, L and Liccardo, B and Crescibene, F and Cocchia, R and Bossone, E}, title = {Right Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Pressures as Independent Predictors of Survival in Patients With COVID-19 Pneumonia.}, journal = {JACC. Cardiovascular imaging}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.004}, pmid = {32654965}, issn = {1876-7591}, }
@article {pmid32654964, year = {2020}, author = {Marvaki, A and Papachristidis, A and Nakou, E and Toth, E and O'Gallagher, K and Fisher, R and Shah, AM and Monaghan, MJ}, title = {Innovative Transthoracic Echocardiographic Imaging on Prone Ventilated Patients With COVID-19 Using a Transesophageal Probe.}, journal = {JACC. Cardiovascular imaging}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.06.005}, pmid = {32654964}, issn = {1876-7591}, }
@article {pmid32654963, year = {2020}, author = {Li, Y and Li, H and Zhu, S and Xie, Y and Wang, B and He, L and Zhang, D and Zhang, Y and Yuan, H and Wu, C and Sun, W and Zhang, Y and Li, M and Cui, L and Cai, Y and Wang, J and Yang, Y and Lv, Q and Zhang, L and Xie, M}, title = {Prognostic Value of Right Ventricular Longitudinal Strain in Patients With COVID-19.}, journal = {JACC. Cardiovascular imaging}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.04.014}, pmid = {32654963}, issn = {1876-7591}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate whether right ventricular longitudinal strain (RVLS) was independently predictive of higher mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
BACKGROUND: RVLS obtained from 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography has been recently demonstrated to be a more accurate and sensitive tool to estimate right ventricular (RV) function. The prognostic value of RVLS in patients with COVID-19 remains unknown.
METHODS: One hundred twenty consecutive patients with COVID-19 who underwent echocardiographic examinations were enrolled in our study. Conventional RV functional parameters, including RV fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, and tricuspid tissue Doppler annular velocity, were obtained. RVLS was determined using 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RV function was categorized in tertiles of RVLS.
RESULTS: Compared with patients in the highest RVLS tertile, those in the lowest tertile were more likely to have higher heart rate; elevated levels of D-dimer and C-reactive protein; more high-flow oxygen and invasive mechanical ventilation therapy; higher incidence of acute heart injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and deep vein thrombosis; and higher mortality. After a median follow-up period of 51 days, 18 patients died. Compared with survivors, nonsurvivors displayed enlarged right heart chambers, diminished RV function, and elevated pulmonary artery systolic pressure. Male sex, acute respiratory distress syndrome, RVLS, RV fractional area change, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion were significant univariate predictors of higher risk for mortality (p < 0.05 for all). A Cox model using RVLS (hazard ratio: 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.15 to 1.53; p < 0.001; Akaike information criterion = 129; C-index = 0.89) was found to predict higher mortality more accurately than a model with RV fractional area change (Akaike information criterion = 142, C-index = 0.84) and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (Akaike information criterion = 144, C-index = 0.83). The best cutoff value of RVLS for prediction of outcome was -23% (AUC: 0.87; p < 0.001; sensitivity, 94.4%; specificity, 64.7%).
CONCLUSIONS: RVLS is a powerful predictor of higher mortality in patients with COVID-19. These results support the application of RVLS to identify higher risk patients with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32654934, year = {2020}, author = {Vergara-Buenaventura, A}, title = {Comfort and compliance with the use of facemasks during COVID -19 infection.}, journal = {International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijom.2020.06.019}, pmid = {32654934}, issn = {1399-0020}, }
@article {pmid32654931, year = {2020}, author = {Brown, R and Hussein, H}, title = {Hydroxychloroquine and the treatment of Sjogren syndrome, chronic ulcerative stomatitis, and oral lichen planus in the age of COVID-19.}, journal = {Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.oooo.2020.06.011}, pmid = {32654931}, issn = {2212-4411}, abstract = {The Food and Drug Administration has recently approved the off-label use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. However, a recent study not only failed to demonstrate HCQ efficacy but also documented a serious side effect of COVID-19 therapy with HCQ: QT prolongation and secondary arrhythmia. HCQ has been used as an off-label drug and deemed safe and effective for the treatment of oral lesions, such as Sjogren syndrome (SS), chronic ulcerative stomatitis (CUS), and oral lichen planus (OLP). Because HCQ may be appropriately used for the off-label treatment of SS, CUS, and OLP, relevant safety concerns regarding HCQ therapy with regard to dosage, drug-to-drug interactions, and QT prolongation and secondary arrhythmia are discussed here. Because of the possibility of decreased pharmacy supplies of HCQ, replacement drugs with respect to patients with SS, CUS, and OLP being successfully treated with HCQ are also discussed.}, }
@article {pmid32654930, year = {2020}, author = {Chang, J and Agliata, J and Guarinieri, M}, title = {COVID-19 - Enacting a 'new normal' for people who use drugs.}, journal = {The International journal on drug policy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102832}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102832}, pmid = {32654930}, issn = {1873-4758}, abstract = {The COVID-19 crisis has magnified existing social, economic and political inequities. People who use drugs are particularly vulnerable due to criminalisation and stigma and often experience underlying health conditions, higher rates of poverty, unemployment and homelessness, as well as a lack of access to vital resources - putting them at greater risk of infection. On the other hand, COVID-19 presents an opportunity to confront the mistakes of the past and re-negotiate a new social contract. The International Network of People who use Drugs (INPUD) believe that this crisis must be an occasion to rethink the function of punishment, to reform the system and to work towards ending the war on drugs. This commentary presents a set of recommendations to UN agencies, governments, donor agencies, academics and researchers and civil society, challenging these actors to work alongside people who use drugs to enact a new reality based on solidarity and cooperation, protection of health and restoration of rights and dignity and most importantly to mobilise to win the peace.}, }
@article {pmid32654929, year = {2020}, author = {Guilamo-Ramos, V and Benzekri, A and Thimm-Kaiser, M and Abram, M and Hagan, H}, title = {Participation of the nursing workforce to address COVID-19 among people who use alcohol, tobacco, and drugs.}, journal = {The International journal on drug policy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102831}, doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102831}, pmid = {32654929}, issn = {1873-4758}, }
@article {pmid32654921, year = {2020}, author = {Rodríguez, A and Moreno, G and Gómez, J and Carbonell, R and Picó-Plana, E and Benavent Bofill, C and Sánchez Parrilla, R and Trefler, S and Esteve Pitarch, E and Canadell, L and Teixido, X and Claverias, L and Bodí, M and , and , and , and , and , and , and , }, title = {Severe infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus: Experience of a tertiary hospital with COVID-19 patients during the 2020 pandemic.}, journal = {Medicina intensiva}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medin.2020.05.018}, pmid = {32654921}, issn = {1578-6749}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical and respiratory characteristics of a cohort of 43 patients with COVID-19 after an evolutive period of 28 days.
DESIGN: A prospective, single-center observational study was carried out.
SETTING: Intensive care.
PATIENTS: Patients admitted due to COVID-19 and respiratory failure.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
VARIABLES: Automatic recording was made of demographic variables, severity parameters, laboratory data, assisted ventilation (HFO: high-flow oxygen therapy and IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation), oxygenation (PaO2, PaO2/FiO2) and complications. The patients were divided into three groups: survivors (G1), deceased (G2) and patients remaining under admission (G3). The chi-squared test or Fisher exact test (categorical variables) was used, along with the Mann-Whitney U-test or Wilcoxon test for analyzing the differences between medians. Statistical significance was considered for p<0.05.
RESULTS: A total of 43 patients were included (G1=28 [65.1%]; G2=10 [23.3%] and G3=5 [11.6%]), with a mean age of 65 years (range: 52-72), 62% males, APACHE II 18 (15-24), SOFA 6 (4-7). Arterial hypertension (30.2%) and obesity (25.6%) were the most frequent comorbidities. High-flow oxygen therapy was used in 62.7% of the patients, with failure in 85%. In turn, 95% of the patients required IMV and 85% received ventilation in prone decubitus. In the general population, initial PaO2/FiO2 improved after 7 days (165 [125-210] vs.194 [153-285]; p=0.02), in the same way as in G1 (164 [125-197] vs. 207 [160-294]; p=0.07), but not in G2 (163 [95-197] vs. 135 [85-177]). No bacterial coinfection was observed. The incidence of IMV-associated pneumonia was high (13 episodes/1000 days of IMV).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with COVID-19 require early IMV, a high frequency of ventilation in prone decubitus, and have a high incidence of failed HFO. The lack of improvement of PaO2/FiO2 at 7 days could be a prognostic marker. .}, }
@article {pmid32654910, year = {2020}, author = {Montmeat, D and Gard, C and Raux, M and Constantin, JM and Tilleul, P}, title = {Shortage of sedatives and neuromuscular blockers during COVID-19 pandemic: The result of an overstocking procedure in French hospitals?.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.06.013}, pmid = {32654910}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32654909, year = {2020}, author = {Nadeem, A and Hamed, F and Saleh, K and Abduljawad, B and Mallat, J}, title = {ICU outcomes of COVID-19 critically ill patients: An international comparative study.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32654909}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32654908, year = {2020}, author = {Zieleskiewicz, L and Duclos, G and Dransart-Rayé, O and Nowobilski, N and Bouhemad, B}, title = {Ultrasound findings in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in early and late stages: Two case-reports.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.05.016}, pmid = {32654908}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32654907, year = {2020}, author = {Osama El-Gendy, A and Saeed, H and Ali, AMA and Zawbaa, HM and Gomaa, D and Harb, HS and Madney, YM and Osama, H and Abdelrahman, MA and Abdelrahim, MEA}, title = {Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine, antimalarial, age and gender relation to COVID-19 spread and mortality.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.083}, pmid = {32654907}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {COVID-19 is affecting different countries all over the world with great variation in infection rate and death ratio. Some reports suggested a relation between the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine and the malaria treatment to the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some reports related infant's lower susceptibility to the COVID-19. Some other reports a higher risk in males compared to females in such COVID-19 pandemic. Also, some other reports claimed the possible use of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine as prophylactic in such a pandemic. The present commentary is to discuss the possible relation between those factors and SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32654885, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, WJ and Yang, SY and Chang, JC and Cheng, WC and Lu, TP and Wang, YN and Juan, MH and Hsu, RT and Huang, SR and Tu, JJ and Wang, PC and Feng, VW and Chang, PZ}, title = {Development of a semi-structured, multifaceted, computer-aided questionnaire for outbreak investigation: e-Outbreak Platform.}, journal = {Biomedical journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.bj.2020.06.007}, pmid = {32654885}, issn = {2320-2890}, abstract = {Aggressive tracing of contacts of confirmed cases is crucial to Taiwan's successful control of the early spread of COVID-19. As the pandemic lingers, an epidemiological investigation that can be conducted efficiently in a timely manner can help decrease the burden on the health personnel and increase the usefulness of such information in decision making. To develop a new tool that can improve the current practice of epidemiological investigation by incorporating new technologies in digital platform and knowledge graphs. To meet the various needs of the epidemiological investigation, we decided to develop an e-Outbreak Platform that provides a semi-structured, multifaceted, computer-aided questionnaire for outbreak investigation. There are three major parts of the platform: (1) a graphic portal that allows users to have an at-glance grasp of the functions provided by the platform and then choose the one they need; (2) disease-specific questionnaires that can accommodate different formats of the information, including text typing, button selection, and pull-down menu; and (3) functions to utilize the stored information, including report generation, statistical analyses, and knowledge graphs displaying contact tracing. When the number of outbreak investigation increases, the knowledge graphs can be extended to encompass other persons appearing in the same location at the same time, i.e., constituting a potential contact cluster. The information extracted can also be used to display the tracing on a map in animation. Overall, this system can provide a basis for further refinement that can be generalized to a variety of outbreak investigations.}, }
@article {pmid32654854, year = {2020}, author = {Zar, HJ and Dawa, J and Fischer, GB and Castro-Rodriguez, JA}, title = {Challenges of COVID-19 in children in low- and middle-income countries.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.016}, pmid = {32654854}, issn = {1526-0550}, abstract = {As the coronavirus pandemic extends to low and middle income countries (LMICs), there are growing concerns about the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in populations with high prevalence of comorbidities, the impact on health and economies more broadly and the capacity of existing health systems to manage the additional burden of COVID-19. The direct effects of COVID are less of a concern in children, who seem to be largely asymptomatic or to develop mild illness as occurs in high income countries; however children in LMICs constitute a high proportion of the population and may have a high prevalence of risk factors for severe lower respiratory infection such as HIV or malnutrition. Further diversion of resources from child health to address the pandemic among adults may further impact on care for children. Poor living conditions in LMICs including lack of sanitation, running water and overcrowding may facilitate transmission of SARS-CoV-2. The indirect effects of the pandemic on child health are of considerable concern, including increasing poverty levels, disrupted schooling, lack of access to school feeding schemes, reduced access to health facilities and interruptions in vaccination and other child health programs. Further challenges in LMICs include the inability to implement effective public health measures such as social distancing, hand hygiene, timely identification of infected people with self-isolation and universal use of masks. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment, especially N95 masks is a key concern for health care worker protection. While continued schooling is crucial for children in LMICs, provision of safe environments is especially challenging in overcrowded resource constrained schools. The current crisis is a harsh reminder of the global inequity in health in LMICs. The pandemic highlights key challenges to the provision of health in LMICs, but also provides opportunities to strengthen child health broadly in such settings.}, }
@article {pmid32654852, year = {2020}, author = {González-Gay, MA and Castañeda, S and Ancochea, J}, title = {Biologic Therapy in COVID-19.}, journal = {Archivos de bronconeumologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.arbres.2020.06.007}, pmid = {32654852}, issn = {1579-2129}, }
@article {pmid32654849, year = {2020}, author = {Murphy, T and Akehurst, H and Mutimer, J}, title = {Impact of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on the workload of the orthopaedic service in a busy UK district general hospital.}, journal = {Injury}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32654849}, issn = {1879-0267}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID -19 outbreak has had a profound effect on the management of healthcare service provision in the UK. Orthopaedic departments have been no exception to this and have needed to adapt to the changing circumstances by releasing resources and focusing on 'essential' activity. The aim of this study is to quantify the reduction in trauma and, in addition, describe any changes in the type of referrals to the trust which may have been affected by the pandemic itself and the social distancing measures employed by the UK government.
METHODS: The study was performed in a UK District Hospital which is also a Trauma Unit providing trauma and orthopaedic care to a population of 625,000 people. The trust based electronic database of trauma referrals was used to compare the numbers of, and types of referral to our trauma service during the COVID-19 pandemic and the corresponding time periods in the previous 3 years.
RESULTS: The mean number of referrals per week to the service reduced by 33% in the time period following the confirmation of the outbreak as a pandemic (p<0.0001). Number of operations performed per week reduced by 26% (p = 0.001). There was no change in the number of referrals relating to domestic abuse or non-accidental injury. In addition, numbers of hip fractures, periprosthetic fractures and prosthetic joint dislocations were unchanged. There was a significant reduction in the number of referrals for simple fractures, native joint dislocations, wounds and soft tissue injuries. Within the paediatric population, similarly, a reduction in simple fracture referrals was demonstrated.
DISCUSSION: An association between the outbreak of the pandemic and a reduction in referral numbers to our department has been demonstrated. The direct cause of this may be multifactorial but proposing that it is, in part, due to the social distancing measures introduced by the government is certainly conceivable. The patterns of injury would reflect this also with low energy and fragility trauma persisting whilst injuries associated with younger people have reduced. We would suggest that information such as this could be useful in healthcare planning and resource allocation in future pandemic situations.}, }
@article {pmid32654832, year = {2020}, author = {Martín Enguix, D and Salazar Nievas, MDC and Martín Romero, DT}, title = {Pityriasis rosea Gibert type rash in an asymptomatic patient that tested positive for COVID-19.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.024}, pmid = {32654832}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32654829, year = {2020}, author = {Parker, CB and Calhoun, A and Davidson, L and Ciarleglio, N and Hinchey, C and Dike, C}, title = {Differentiating Domains of Involuntary Containment for Persons With Severe Psychiatric Impairment and COVID-19.}, journal = {Psychosomatics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.psym.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32654829}, issn = {1545-7206}, }
@article {pmid32654805, year = {2020}, author = {Senniappan, K and Damodaran, S and Kanchi, M}, title = {Epicardial Echocardiography-A Plausible Alternative Cardiac Imaging Technique in COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.049}, pmid = {32654805}, issn = {1532-8422}, }
@article {pmid32654803, year = {2020}, author = {Zhu, L and Chen, G}, title = {Reply to Amit Bansal and Anant Kumar's Letter to the Editor re: Lan Zhu, Nianqiao Gong, Bin Liu, et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Immunosuppressed Renal Transplant Recipients: A Summary of 10 Confirmed Cases in Wuhan, China. Eur Urol 2020;77:748-54.}, journal = {European urology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.062}, pmid = {32654803}, issn = {1873-7560}, }
@article {pmid32654801, year = {2020}, author = {Rodriguez Socarrás, M and Loeb, S and Teoh, JY and Ribal, MJ and Bloemberg, J and Catto, J and N'Dow, J and Van Poppel, H and Gómez Rivas, J}, title = {Telemedicine and Smart Working: Recommendations of the European Association of Urology.}, journal = {European urology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.031}, pmid = {32654801}, issn = {1873-7560}, abstract = {CONTEXT: Telemedicine provides remote clinical support using technological tools. It may facilitate health care delivery while reducing unnecessary visits to the clinic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused an abrupt change in our daily urological practice, converting many of us to be reliant on telehealth.
OBJECTIVE: To provide practical recommendations for effective use of technological tools in telemedicine.
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A Medline-based and gray literature search was conducted through April 2020. We selected the most relevant articles related to "telemedicine" and "smart working" that could provide important information.
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Telemedicine refers to the use of electronic information and telecommunications tools to provide remote clinical health care support. Smart working is a model of work that uses new or existing technologies to improve performance. Telemedicine is becoming a useful invaluable tool during and even beyond the COVID-19 pandemic. It is time for us to formalize the place of telemedicine in routine urological practice, and it is our responsibility to adapt and learn about all the tools and possible strategies for their optimal implementation during the pandemic to ensure that the quality of care received by patients and the outcomes of patients and their families are of the highest standard.
CONCLUSIONS: Telemedicine facilitates specialized urological clinical support at a distance, solves problems of limitations in mobility, reduces unnecessary visits to clinics, and is useful for reducing the risk of viral transmission in the current COVID-19 outbreak. Furthermore, both personal and societal considerations may favor continued use of telemedicine, even beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.
PATIENT SUMMARY: Telemedicine in urology offers specialized remote clinical support to patients, similar to face-to-face visits. It is very useful for reducing unnecessary visits to the clinic, as well as reducing the risk of contagion in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32654789, year = {2020}, author = {Dap, M and Morel, O}, title = {Proteinuria in Covid-19 pregnant women: Preeclampsia or severe infection?.}, journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.005}, pmid = {32654789}, issn = {1872-7654}, }
@article {pmid32654787, year = {2020}, author = {Jaywant, A and Vanderlind, WM and Boas, SJ and Dickerman, AL}, title = {Behavioral interventions in acute COVID-19 recovery: A new opportunity for integrated care.}, journal = {General hospital psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32654787}, issn = {1873-7714}, }
@article {pmid32654757, year = {2020}, author = {Dick, EA and Raithatha, A and Musker, L and Redhead, J and Mehta, A and Amiras, D}, title = {Remote reporting in the COVID-19 era: from pilot study to practice.}, journal = {Clinical radiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.crad.2020.06.016}, pmid = {32654757}, issn = {1365-229X}, abstract = {AIM: To assess the benefits and challenges of remote reporting using an intra-departmental teleradiology system.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot of an in-hospital Trust radiologist reporting on in-hospital Trust patients via a remote login was undertaken. Reporting output, training impact, and quality improvement were measured.
RESULTS: Reporting output increased by 140%. Trainee satisfaction was high in a qualitative survey, particularly for out-of-hours support and teaching. Clinicians found the service to be similar to the same service provided by a locally based radiologist.
CONCLUSION: In the COVID-19 era, remote working has developed rapidly. This study shows that radiology departments can provide remote reporting that is equal in standard to reporting from within the hospital, and in addition, that there are advantages to output and training.}, }
@article {pmid32654744, year = {2020}, author = {Sorbello, M and El-Boghdadly, K and Schumacher, J and Ahmad, I}, title = {Personal protective equipment, airway management, and systematic reviews. Comment on Br J Anaesth (2020)[Epub ahead of print].}, journal = {British journal of anaesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.038}, pmid = {32654744}, issn = {1471-6771}, }
@article {pmid32654740, year = {2020}, author = {Xiong, Y and Zhang, Q and Zhao, L and Shao, J and Zhu, W}, title = {Clinical and Imaging Features of COVID-19 in a Neonate.}, journal = {Chest}, volume = {158}, number = {1}, pages = {e5-e7}, doi = {10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.018}, pmid = {32654740}, issn = {1931-3543}, abstract = {We report the clinical history, laboratory findings, and imaging features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a neonate whose mother was also a patient. The newborn was the youngest patient with COVID-19 in the world at the time he was diagnosed. This case has brought more attention and understanding to the epidemic and mode of transmission of the disease.}, }
@article {pmid32654680, year = {2020}, author = {Smith, EE and Mountain, A and Hill, MD and Wein, TH and Blacquiere, D and Casaubon, LK and Linkewich, E and Foley, N and Gubitz, G and Simard, A and Lindsay, MP and , }, title = {Canadian Stroke Best Practice Guidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The Canadian journal of neurological sciences. Le journal canadien des sciences neurologiques}, volume = {47}, number = {4}, pages = {474-478}, doi = {10.1017/cjn.2020.74}, pmid = {32654680}, issn = {0317-1671}, }
@article {pmid32654678, year = {2020}, author = {Iob, E and Steptoe, A and Fancourt, D}, title = {Abuse, self-harm and suicidal ideation in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-4}, doi = {10.1192/bjp.2020.130}, pmid = {32654678}, issn = {1472-1465}, abstract = {This study explored patterns of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm in the UK during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic using data from the COVID-19 Social Study (n=44 775), a non-probability sample weighted to population proportions. The reported frequency of abuse, self-harm and thoughts of suicide/self-harm was higher among women, Black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) groups and people experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage, unemployment, disability, chronic physical illnesses, mental disorders and COVID-19 diagnosis. Psychiatric medications were the most common type of support being used, but fewer than half of those affected were accessing formal or informal support.}, }
@article {pmid32654656, year = {2020}, author = {Kirkpatrick, AW and McKee, JL and Volpicelli, G and Ma, IWY}, title = {The Potential for Remotely Mentored Patient-Performed Home Self-Monitoring for New Onset Alveolar-Interstitial Lung Disease.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0078}, pmid = {32654656}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and is an acute respiratory illness. Although most infected persons are asymptomatic or have only mild symptoms, some patients progress to devastating disease; such progression is difficult to predict or identify in a timely manner. COVID-19 patients who do not require hospitalization can self-isolate at home. Calls from one disease epicenter identify the need for homebased isolation with telemedicine surveillance to monitor for impending deterioration. Methodology: Although the dominant approach for these asymptomatic/paucisymptomatic patients is to monitor oxygen saturation, we suggest additionally considering the potential merits and utility of home-based imaging. Chest computed tomography is clearly impractical, but ultrasound has shown comparable sensitivity for lung involvement, with major advantages of short and simple procedures, low cost, and excellent repeatability. Thoracic ultrasound may thus allow remotely identifying the development of pneumonitis at an early stage of illness and potentially averting the risk of insidious deterioration to severe pneumonia and critical illness while in home isolation. Conclusions: Lung sonography can be easily performed by motivated nonmedical caregivers when directed and supervised in real time by experts. Remote mentors could thus efficiently monitor, counsel, and triage multiple home-based patients from their "control center." Authors believe that this approach deserves further attention and study to reduce delays and failures in timely hospitalization of home-isolated patients.}, }
@article {pmid32654634, year = {2020}, author = {Dandara, C and Dzobo, K and Chirikure, S}, title = {COVID-19 Pandemic and Africa: From the Situation in Zimbabwe to a Case for Precision Herbal Medicine.}, journal = {Omics : a journal of integrative biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1089/omi.2020.0099}, pmid = {32654634}, issn = {1557-8100}, abstract = {This opinion commentary on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brings together observations from Zimbabwe specifically, and Africa broadly, drawing from the fields of pharmacogenomics, precision herbal medicine, and responsible innovation so as to respond to the pandemic in ways that are efficient, critically informed, principled, and responsive to needs in rural and urban communities across Africa. With new findings suggesting that COVID-19 is a systemic disease, impacting the respiratory system and beyond in some individuals, we need new molecular targets for therapeutics innovation more than ever. We argue that the current pandemic will likely strip the limited resources from other diseases such as malaria, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and among others affecting the African continent. Hence, we need to address not only COVID-19 but also its broader health care and societal impacts in Africa. Extensive diagnostic testing to trace and isolate the COVID-19 cases as well as basic income and economic support for those who are unable to work will be needed. A critically informed and democratic governance that builds on transparency and trust for the elected leaders is crucial. Finally, the pandemic offers a silver lining for Africa: the prospects to integrate omics research with long-standing expertise in herbal medicine in Africa, thus accelerating the advances toward novel molecular therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and precision herbal medicine worldwide.}, }
@article {pmid32654633, year = {2020}, author = {Masiero, M and Mazzocco, K and Harnois, C and Cropley, M and Pravettoni, G}, title = {From Individual To Social Trauma: Sources Of Everyday Trauma In Italy, The US And UK During The Covid-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of trauma & dissociation : the official journal of the International Society for the Study of Dissociation (ISSD)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1080/15299732.2020.1787296}, pmid = {32654633}, issn = {1529-9740}, abstract = {The heterogeneity of COVID-19 experience and response for each individual is irrefutable; nevertheless, similarities can be observed between countries with respect to people's psychological responses. The main aim of this Commentary is to provide a cultural perspective of the sources of trauma, at the individual and social level, in three different countries: Italy, US and UK. The evidence from previous outbreaks, such as SARS, H1N1 flu, Ebola, and the ongoing Italian, the US, and the UK experience of COVID-19 shows that COVID-19 has introduced not only an individual trauma but also a collective trauma, that researchers should attend to now and in future global emergencies. Future clinical interventions should aim to reconnect dissociated parts both in the individual and in society. This commentary discusses four potential sources of trauma: high-stakes decision fatigue in healthcare professionals, traumatic grief, and bereavement in people who have lost loved ones, loss of roles and identity, and social divisions related to economic shutdown.}, }
@article {pmid32654611, year = {2020}, author = {Orth-Höller, D and Eigentler, A and Weseslindtner, L and Möst, J}, title = {Antibody kinetics in primary- and secondary-care physicians with mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Emerging microbes & infections}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-12}, doi = {10.1080/22221751.2020.1793690}, pmid = {32654611}, issn = {2222-1751}, abstract = {397 primary- and secondary-care physicians were tested for the presence of IgG (and IgA) antibodies against SARS-coronavirus-2 with a commercially available ELISA. In 19 of 20 individuals with PCR-proven infection and only mild to moderate symptoms not requiring hospitalization positive IgG levels occurred within two to three weeks. Among the remaining 377 persons without clear-cut evidence of infection, unequivocally positive IgG antibodies were found in only one, showing a surprisingly low prevalence (0.3%, 95% CI: 0.01-1.5) in physicians with likely contacts with infected patients in a region highly affected by the pandemic (Tyrol, Austria).}, }
@article {pmid32654605, year = {2020}, author = {Gefen, A and Ousey, K}, title = {Prevention of skin damage caused by the protective equipment used to mitigate COVID-19: monthly update.}, journal = {Journal of wound care}, volume = {29}, number = {7}, pages = {379}, doi = {10.12968/jowc.2020.29.7.379}, pmid = {32654605}, issn = {0969-0700}, }
@article {pmid32654557, year = {2020}, author = {Son, M and Seo, J and Yang, S}, title = {Association Between Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors and COVID-19 Infection in South Korea.}, journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {HYPERTENSIONAHA12015464}, doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15464}, pmid = {32654557}, issn = {1524-4563}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is known to infect host cells by interacting with ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) expressed in the respiratory epithelium. There have been concerns on whether alterations of ACE2 expression by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors would contribute to the infectivity and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We performed a case-control study to investigate the association between RAAS inhibitors and risk and severity of COVID-19 infection in South Korea using the population-based data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance System. Of 16 281 subjects with hypertension, there were 950 (5.8%) confirmed COVID-19 cases. After case-control matching, multivariable-adjusted conditional logistic regression analysis was performed. The adjusted odds ratio and 95% CIs for COVID-19 infection and long-term hospitalization comparing exposure to RAAS inhibitors and nonexposure to RAAS inhibitors was 1.161 (0.958-1.407) and 0.863 (0.533-1.397), respectively. When comparing exposure to RAAS inhibitors and nonexposure to RAAS inhibitors for intensive care unit admission, high-flow oxygen therapy, and death, the adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) were 1.515 (0.402-5.701), 0.663 (0.272-1.619), and 1.363 (0.513-3.662), respectively. In all analyses, P values were not significant (P>0.05). The present study demonstrates the absence of an identifiable association between the exposure to RAAS inhibitors and risk and severity of COVID-19 infection, supporting the current medical guidelines and recommendations that patients should not discontinue RAAS inhibitors out of a concern that they are at increased risk for infection or severe illness of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32654555, year = {2020}, author = {Pan, W and Zhang, J and Wang, M and Ye, J and Xu, Y and Shen, B and He, H and Wang, Z and Ye, D and Zhao, M and Luo, Z and Liu, M and Zhang, P and Gu, J and Liu, M and Li, D and Liu, J and Wan, J}, title = {Clinical Features of COVID-19 in Patients With Essential Hypertension and the Impacts of Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System Inhibitors on the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients.}, journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {HYPERTENSIONAHA12015289}, doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15289}, pmid = {32654555}, issn = {1524-4563}, abstract = {Hypertension is one of the most common comorbidities in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to clarify the impact of hypertension on COVID-19 and investigate whether the prior use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors affects the prognosis of COVID-19. A total of 996 patients with COVID-19 were enrolled, including 282 patients with hypertension and 714 patients without hypertension. Propensity score-matched analysis (1:1 matching) was used to adjust the imbalanced baseline variables between the 2 groups. Patients with hypertension were further divided into the RAAS inhibitor group (n=41) and non-RAAS inhibitor group (n=241) according to their medication history. The results showed that COVID-19 patients with hypertension had more severe secondary infections, cardiac and renal dysfunction, and depletion of CD8+ cells on admission. Patients with hypertension were more likely to have comorbidities and complications and were more likely to be classified as critically ill than those without hypertension. Cox regression analysis revealed that hypertension (hazard ratio, 95% CI, unmatched cohort [1.80, 1.20-2.70]; matched cohort [2.24, 1.36-3.70]) was independently associated with all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. In addition, hypertensive patients with a history of RAAS inhibitor treatment had lower levels of C-reactive protein and higher levels of CD4+ cells. The mortality of patients in the RAAS inhibitor group (9.8% versus 26.1%) was significantly lower than that of patients in the non-RAAS inhibitor group. In conclusion, hypertension may be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19. Patients who previously used RAAS inhibitors may have a better prognosis.}, }
@article {pmid32654533, year = {2020}, author = {Pandey, LM}, title = {Design of engineered surfaces for prospective detection of Sars-CoV-2 using quartz crystal microbalance based techniques.}, journal = {Expert review of proteomics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/14789450.2020.1794831}, pmid = {32654533}, issn = {1744-8387}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Rapid transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has affected the whole world and forced it to a halt (lockdown). A fast and label free detection method for the novel coronavirus needs to be developed along with the existing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based methods.
AREAS COVERED: In this report, biophysical aspects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein are outlined based on its recent reported electron microscopy structure. Protein binding sites are analyzed theoretically, which consisted of hydrophobic and positive charged amino acid residues. Different strategies to form mixed self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of hydrophobic (CH3) and negatively charged (COOH) groups are discussed to be used for the specific and strong interactions with spike protein. Bio-interfacial interactions between the spike protein and device (sensor) surface and its implications towards designing suitable engineered surfaces are summarized.
EXPERT OPINION: Implementation of the engineered surfaces in quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) based detection techniques for the diagnosis of the novel coronavirus from oral swab samples is highlighted. The proposed strategy can be explored for the label free and real time detection with sensitivity up to ng level. These engineered surfaces can be reused after desorption.}, }
@article {pmid32654514, year = {2020}, author = {Lazzerini, PE and Acampa, M and Laghi-Pasini, F and Bertolozzi, I and Finizola, F and Vanni, F and Natale, M and Bisogno, S and Cevenini, G and Cartocci, A and Giabbani, B and Migliacci, N and D'Errico, A and Dokollari, A and Maccherini, M and Boutjdir, M and Capecchi, PL}, title = {Cardiac Arrest Risk During Acute Infections: Systemic Inflammation Directly Prolongs QTc Interval via Cytokine-mediated Effects on Potassium Channel Expression.}, journal = {Circulation. Arrhythmia and electrophysiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1161/CIRCEP.120.008627}, pmid = {32654514}, issn = {1941-3084}, abstract = {Background - During acute infections the risk of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (VA) is increased, partly because of a higher propensity to develop QTc prolongation. Although it is generally believed that QTc changes almost exclusively result from concomitant treatment with QT-prolonging antimicrobials, direct effects of inflammatory cytokines on ventricular repolarization are increasingly recognized. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation per se can significantly prolong QTc during acute infections, via cytokine-mediated changes in K+-channels expression. Methods - We evaluated: (1) the frequency of QTc prolongation, and its association with inflammatory markers, in patients with different types of acute infections, during active disease and remission; (2) the prevalence of acute infections in a cohort of consecutive patients with Torsades de Pointes (TdP); (3) the relationship between K+-channels mRNA levels in ventricles and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and their changes in patients with acute infection over time. Results - In patients with acute infections, regardless of concomitant QT-prolonging antimicrobial treatments, QTc was significantly prolonged, but rapidly normalized in parallel to C-reactive protein (CRP) and cytokine levels reduction. Consistently in the TdP cohort, concomitant acute infections were highly prevalent (30%), despite only a minority (25%) of these cases were treated with QT-prolonging antimicrobials. KCNJ2 K+-channel expression in PBMC, which strongly correlated to that in ventricles, inversely associated to CRP and interleukin-1 changes in acute infection patients. Conclusions - During acute infections, systemic inflammation rapidly induces cytokine-mediated ventricular electrical remodelling and significant QTc prolongation, regardless concomitant antimicrobial therapy. Although transient, these changes may significantly increase the risk of life-threatening VA in these patients. It is timely and warranted to transpose these findings to the current coronavirus disease-19 pandemic (COVID-19), in which both increased amounts of circulating cytokines and cardiac arrhythmias are demonstrated along with a frequent concomitant treatment with several QT-prolonging drugs.}, }
@article {pmid32654489, year = {2020}, author = {Zeng, X and Song, X and Ma, T and Pan, X and Zhou, Y and Hou, Y and Zhang, Z and Li, K and Karypis, G and Cheng, F}, title = {Repurpose Open Data to Discover Therapeutics for COVID-19 using Deep Learning.}, journal = {Journal of proteome research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00316}, pmid = {32654489}, issn = {1535-3907}, abstract = {There have been more than 2.2 million confirmed cases and over 120,000 deaths from the human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), in the United States alone. However, there are currently lack of proven effective medications against COVID-19. Drug repurposing offers a promising way for the development of prevention and treatment strategies for COVID-19. This study reports an integrative, network-based deep learning methodology to identify repurposable drugs for COVID-19 (termed CoV-KGE). Specifically, we built a comprehensive knowledge graph that includes 15 million edges across 39 types of relationships connecting drugs, diseases, proteins/genes, pathways, and expression, from a large scientific corpus of 24 million PubMed publications. Using Amazon's AWS computing resources and a network-based, deep learning framework, we identified 41 repurposable drugs (including dexamethasone, indomethacin, niclosamide, and toremifene) whose therapeutic association with COVID-19 were validated by transcriptomic and proteomic data in SARS-CoV-2 infected human cells and data from ongoing clinical trials. While this study, by no means recommends specific drugs, it demonstrates a powerful deep learning methodology to prioritize existing drugs for further investigation, which holds the potential of accelerating therapeutic development for COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32654438, year = {2020}, author = {Khosravi, M}, title = {Neuroticism as a Marker of Vulnerability to COVID-19 Infection.}, journal = {Psychiatry investigation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.30773/pi.2020.0199}, pmid = {32654438}, issn = {1738-3684}, }
@article {pmid32654437, year = {2020}, author = {Kim, H and Kim, D and Paul, C and Lee, CK}, title = {The Spatial Allocation of Hospitals With Negative Pressure Isolation Rooms in Korea: Are We Prepared for New Outbreaks?.}, journal = {International journal of health policy and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2020.118}, pmid = {32654437}, issn = {2322-5939}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Allocation of adequate healthcare facilities is one of the most important factors that public health policymakers consider when preparing for infectious disease outbreaks. Negative pressure isolation rooms (NPIRs) are one of the critical resources for control of infectious respiratory diseases, such as the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. However, there is insufficient attention to efficient allocation of NPIR-equipped hospitals.
METHODS: We aim to explore any insufficiency and spatial disparity of NPIRs in South Korea in response to infectious disease outbreaks based on a simple analytic approach. We examined the history of installing NPIRs in South Korea between the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003 and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-Cov) in 2015 to evaluate the allocation process and spatial distribution of NPIRs across the country. Then, for two types of infectious diseases (a highly contagious disease like COVID-19 vs. a hospital-based transmission like MERS-Cov), we estimated the level of disparity between NPIR capacity and demand at the sub-regional level in South Korea by applying the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method.
RESULTS: Geospatial information system (GIS) mapping reveals a substantial shortage and misallocation of NPIRs, indicating that the Korean government should consider a simple but evidence-based spatial method to identify the areas that need NPIRs most and allocate funds wisely. The 2SFCA method suggests that, despite the recent addition of NPIRs across the country, there should still be more NPIRs regardless of the spread pattern of the disease. It also illustrates high levels of regional disparity in allocation of those facilities in preparation for an infectious disease, due to the lack of evidence-based approach.
CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the importance of evidence-based decision-making processes in allocating public health facilities, as misallocation of facilities could impede the responsiveness of the public health system during an epidemic. This study provides some evidence to be used to allocate the resources for NPIRs, the urgency of which is heightened in the face of rapidly evolving threats from the novel COVID-19 outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid32654434, year = {2020}, author = {Gilardino, RE}, title = {Does "Flattening the Curve" Affect Critical Care Services Delivery for COVID-19? A Global Health Perspective.}, journal = {International journal of health policy and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2020.117}, pmid = {32654434}, issn = {2322-5939}, abstract = {During this coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic, nations are taking bold measures to mitigate the spread of Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in order to avoid the overwhelming its critical care facilities. While these "flattening the curve" initiatives are showing signs of impeding the potential surge in COVID-19 cases, it is not known whether these measures alleviate the burden placed on intensive care units. Much has been made of the desperate need for critical care beds and medical supplies, especially personal protective equipment (PPE). But while these initiatives may provide health systems time to bolster their critical care infrastructure, they do little to protect the most essential element - the critical care providers. This article examines bolder initiatives that may be needed to both protect crucial health systems and the essential yet vulnerable providers during this global pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32654433, year = {2020}, author = {Almeida, F}, title = {Exploring the Impact of COVID-19 on the Sustainability of Health Critical Care Systems in South America.}, journal = {International journal of health policy and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2020.116}, pmid = {32654433}, issn = {2322-5939}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created strong pressure on national health critical care systems. After its initial impact in Asia, the highest case growth is now in the Americas. The South American countries face a strong challenge due to the vulnerabilities of their health systems and the fragile socio-economic conditions of their population. This perspective looks at the impact of COVID-19 in South America and argues that the health critical care systems of these countries are particularly vulnerable due to the underestimation of the number of cases currently confirmed and the strong need for treatment of these patients in intensive care units (ICUs). In particular, Bolivia will need to increase the number of ICU beds 60-fold while Brazil will need to grow 12-fold to meet the growth rates of COVID-19 by the end of July 2020. In this sense, it is argued that national and transnational measures should be taken urgently to face this challenge. Furthermore, it is necessary to perform tests to detect COVID-19 cases earlier to alleviate the need for internment in ICUs.}, }
@article {pmid32654431, year = {2020}, author = {Bigiani, L and Bigiani, S and Bigiani, A}, title = {How to Minimize the Impact of Pandemic Events: Lessons From the COVID-19 Crisis.}, journal = {International journal of health policy and management}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.34172/ijhpm.2020.115}, pmid = {32654431}, issn = {2322-5939}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This pandemic is characterized by a high variability in death rate (defined as the ratio between the number of deaths and the total number of infected people) across world countries. Several possible explanations have been proposed, but it is not clear whether this variability is due to a single predominant factor or instead to multiple causes. Here we addressed this issue using multivariable regression analysis to test the impact of the following factors: the hospital stress (defined as the ratio between the number of infected cases and the total number of hospital beds), the population median age, and the quality of the National Health System (NHS). For this analysis, we chose countries of the world with over 3000 infected cases as of April 1, 2020. Hospital stress was found to be the crucial factor in explaining the variability of death rate, while the others had negligible relevance. Different procedures for quantifying cases of infection and death for COVID-19 could affect the variability in death rate across countries. We therefore applied the same statistical approach to Italy, which is divided into 20 Regions that share the same protocol for counting the outcomes of this pandemic. Correlation between hospital stress and death rate was even stronger than that observed for countries of the world. Based on our findings and the historical trend for the availability of hospital beds, we propose guidelines for policy-makers to properly manage future pandemics.}, }
@article {pmid32654429, year = {2020}, author = {Sun, YX and Lyu, J and Shen, P and Zhang, JY and Lu, P and Huang, WZ and Lin, HB and Shui, LM and Li, LM}, title = {[Application of healthcare big data in active case finding of COVID-19 in Yinzhou district of Ningbo].}, journal = {Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi}, volume = {41}, number = {0}, pages = {E075}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200608-00818}, pmid = {32654429}, issn = {0254-6450}, support = {91846303//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2019BD010//Research on the Construction of Big Data Platform for People's Health and Major Diseases Supported by Baidu Foundation of Peking University/ ; 2019-63-34//Science and Technology Program of Yinzhou District Science and Technology Bureau of Ningbo City/ ; }, abstract = {In the prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic, identifying and controlling the source of infection has become one of the most important prevention and control measures to curb the epidemic in the absence of vaccines and specific therapeutic drugs. While actively taking traditional and comprehensive "early detection" measures, Yinzhou district implemented inter-departmental data sharing through the joint prevention and control mechanism. Relying on a healthcare big data platform that integrates the data from medical, disease control and non-health sectors, Yinzhou district innovatively explored the big data-driven COVID-19 case finding pattern with online suspected case screening and offline verification and disposal. Such effort has laid a solid foundation and gathered experience to conduct the dynamic and continuous surveillance and early warning for infectious disease outbreaks more effectively and efficiently in the future. This article introduces the exploration of this pattern in Yinzhou district and discusses the role of big data-driven disease surveillance in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32654428, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, FF and Tang, HL and Lyu, P}, title = {[Research progress of the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on people living with HIV].}, journal = {Zhonghua liu xing bing xue za zhi = Zhonghua liuxingbingxue zazhi}, volume = {41}, number = {0}, pages = {E074}, doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn112338-20200603-00803}, pmid = {32654428}, issn = {0254-6450}, abstract = {The rapid spread of COVID-19 global outbreak will inevitably pose great challenges for public health and medical care, especially for major concerns of public health such as HIV. In the light of the COVID-19 pandemic, UNAIDS is urging countries to remain steadfast in their HIV prevention efforts. Few studies of COVID-19 have been focused on marginalized populations, especially those with HIV infection. This study aims to review the studies and researches of COVID-19 among people living with HIV, covering the impacts of COVID-19 on their disease progression, HIV-related medical services, HIV epidemics, and measures on relieving the above-mentioned impacts, which might provide references for targeted scientific research and prevention practice of COVID-19 in HIV population, and optimizing prevention and treatment services in the context of this pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32652912, year = {2020}, author = {SeyedAlinaghi, S and Ghadimi, M and Hajiabdolbaghi, M and Rasoolinejad, M and Abbasian, L and Nezhad, MH and Manshadi, SD and Ghadimi, F and Ahmadinejad, Z}, title = {Prevalence of COVID-19-like symptoms among people living with HIV, and using antiretroviral therapy for prevention and treatment.}, journal = {Current HIV research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2174/1570162X18666200712175535}, pmid = {32652912}, issn = {1873-4251}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 has spread globally with remarkable speed, and currently, there is limited data available exploring any aspect of the intersection between HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection.
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of clinical symptoms associated with COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Tehran, Iran.
DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
METHODS: A total of 200 PLWH were recruited through the positive club via sampling, and completed the symptom-based questionnaire for COVID-19, which was delivered by trained peers.
RESULTS: Of 200 participants, respiratory symptoms, including cough, sputum, and shortness of breath were the most prevalent among participants, but only one person developed symptoms collectively suggested COVID-19 and sought treatments.
CONCLUSIONS: It appears that existing infection with HIV or receiving ART might reduce the susceptibility to the infection with SARS-CoV-2 or decrease the severity of the infection acquired. Further research is needed to understand causal mechanisms.}, }
@article {pmid32650523, year = {2020}, author = {Pinato, DJ and Lee, AJX and Biello, F and Seguí, E and Aguilar-Company, J and Carbó, A and Bruna, R and Bower, M and Rizzo, G and Benafif, S and Carmona, C and Chopra, N and Cruz, CA and D'Avanzo, F and Evans, JS and Galazi, M and Garcia-Fructuoso, I and Dalla Pria, A and Newsom-Davis, T and Ottaviani, D and Patriarca, A and Reyes, R and Sharkey, R and Sng, CCT and Wong, YNS and Ferrante, D and Scotti, L and Avanzi, GC and Bellan, M and Castello, LM and Marco-Hernández, J and Mollà, M and Pirisi, M and Ruiz-Camps, I and Sainaghi, PP and Gaidano, G and Brunet, J and Tabernero, J and Prat, A and Gennari, A}, title = {Presenting Features and Early Mortality from SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Cancer Patients during the Initial Stage of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Europe.}, journal = {Cancers}, volume = {12}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/cancers12071841}, pmid = {32650523}, issn = {2072-6694}, support = {PS3416/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; 21198//Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro/ ; 14230//Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro/ ; }, abstract = {We describe the outcomes in cancer patients during the initial outbreak of the COVID-19 in Europe from the retrospective, multi-center observational OnCovid study. We identified 204 cancer patients from eight centers in the United Kingdom, Italy, and Spain aged > 18 (mean = 69) and diagnosed with COVID-19 between February 26th and April 1st, 2020. A total of 127 (62%) were male, 184 (91%) had a diagnosis of solid malignancy, and 103 (51%) had non-metastatic disease. A total of 161 (79%) had > 1 co-morbidity. A total of 141 (69%) patients had > 1 COVID-19 complication. A total of 36 (19%) were escalated to high-dependency or intensive care. A total of 59 (29%) died, 53 (26%) were discharged, and 92 (45%) were in-hospital survivors. Mortality was higher in patients aged > 65 (36% versus 16%), in those with > 2 co-morbidities (40% versus 18%) and developing > 1 complication from COVID-19 (38% versus 4%, p = 0.004). Multi-variable analyses confirmed age > 65 and > 2 co-morbidities to predict for patient mortality independent of tumor stage, active malignancy, or anticancer therapy. During the early outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Europe co-morbid burden and advancing age predicted for adverse disease course in cancer patients. The ongoing OnCovid study will allow us to compare risks and outcomes in cancer patients between the initial and later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32650522, year = {2020}, author = {Solomou, I and Constantinidou, F}, title = {Prevalence and Predictors of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Compliance with Precautionary Measures: Age and Sex Matter.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {17}, number = {14}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17144924}, pmid = {32650522}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {Effective management of the global pandemic caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (also known as COVID-19), resulted in the implementation of severe restrictions in movement and enforcement of social distancing measures. This study aimed to understand and characterize the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in the general population and to identify risks and protective factors that predict changes in mental health status. In addition, the study investigated compliance with precautionary measures (PM) to halt the spread of the virus. The online anonymous survey collected information on sociodemographic data, compliance with PM, quality of life (QOL), and mental health via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A total of 1642 adult participants (71.6% women, 28.4% men) completed the survey in the European island country, Cyprus. A large percentage (48%) reported significant financial concerns and 66.7% significant changes in their QOL. About 41% reported symptoms associated with mild anxiety; 23.1% reported moderate-severe anxiety symptoms. Concerning depression, 48% reported mild and 9.2% moderate-severe depression symptoms. Women, younger age (18-29), student status, unemployment status, prior psychiatric history, and those reporting greater negative impact on their QOL, were at higher risk for increased anxiety and depression symptoms (p < 0.05). The youngest age group and males also reported lower levels of compliance with PM. Higher compliance with PM predicted lower depression scores (p < 0.001) but higher anxiety for measures related to personal hygiene. The results of this study provide important data on the effects of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and QOL and identify a variety of personal and social determinants that serve as risks and protective factors. Furthermore, it has implications for policy makers demonstrating the need for effective mental health programs and guidance for the implementation of PM as a public health strategy.}, }
@article {pmid32650509, year = {2020}, author = {Khan, AS and Hichami, A and Khan, NA}, title = {Obesity and COVID-19: Oro-Naso-Sensory Perception.}, journal = {Journal of clinical medicine}, volume = {9}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/jcm9072158}, pmid = {32650509}, issn = {2077-0383}, abstract = {Through a recent upsurge of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, the clinical assessment of most of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) patients clearly presents a health condition with the loss of oro-naso-sensory (ONS) perception, responsible for the detection of flavor and savor. These changes include anosmia and dysgeusia. In some cases, these clinical manifestations appear even before the general flu-like symptoms, e.g., sore throat, thoracic oppression and fever. There is no direct report available on the loss of these chemical senses in obese COVID-19 patients. Interestingly, obesity has been shown to be associated with low ONS cues. These alterations in obese subjects are due to obesity-induced altered expression of olfacto-taste receptors. Besides, obesity may further aggravate the SARS-CoV-2 infection, as this pathology is associated with a high degree of inflammation/immunosuppression and reduced protection against viral infections. Hence, obesity represents a great risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection, as it may hide the viral-associated altered ONS symptoms, thus leading to a high mortality rate in these subjects.}, }
@article {pmid32650409, year = {2020}, author = {Sallam, M and Dababseh, D and Yaseen, A and Al-Haidar, A and Ababneh, NA and Bakri, FG and Mahafzah, A}, title = {Conspiracy Beliefs Are Associated with Lower Knowledge and Higher Anxiety Levels Regarding COVID-19 among Students at the University of Jordan.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {17}, number = {14}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17144915}, pmid = {32650409}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {The world has been afflicted heavily by the burden of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that overwhelmed health care systems and caused severe economic and educational deficits, in addition to anxiety among the public. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the mutual effects of belief that the pandemic was the result of a conspiracy on knowledge and anxiety levels among students at the University of Jordan (UJ). An electronic-based survey was conducted between 29 March, 2020 and 31 March, 2020. The targeted population involved all undergraduate and postgraduate students from the health, scientific and humanities schools at UJ. Survey sections included 26 items on: socio-demographic information, knowledge and sources of information about the disease, attitude towards the false notion that COVID-19 stemmed from a conspiracy and items to assess the anxiety level among students during the quarantine period. The total number of participants was 1540 students. The mean age of study participants was 22 years and females predominated the study population (n = 1145, 74.4%). The majority of participants perceived the disease as moderately dangerous (n = 1079, 70.1%). Males, Jordanians and participants with lower income were more inclined to feel that COVID-19 is very dangerous. A lower level of knowledge and a higher level of anxiety about COVID-19 were associated with the belief that the disease is part of a conspiracy. Females and participants with lower income were more likely to believe that the disease is related to conspiracy. Belief in conspiracy regarding the origin of COVID-19 was associated with misinformation about the availability of a vaccine and the therapeutic use of antibiotics for COVID-19 treatment. The Ministry of Health in Jordan was the most common source of information about COVID-19 reported by the participants (n = 1018). The false belief that COVID-19 was the result of a global conspiracy could be the consequence of a lower level of knowledge about the virus and could lead to a higher level of anxiety, which should be considered in the awareness tools of various media platforms about the current pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32654422, year = {2020}, author = {Pérez-Sáez, MJ and Blasco, M and Redondo-Pachón, D and Ventura Aguilar, P and Bada-Bosch, T and Pérez-Flores, I and Melilli, E and Sánchez-Cámara, LA and López-Oliva, MO and Canal, C and Shabaka, A and Garra Moncau, N and Martín-Moreno, PL and López, V and Hernández-Gallego, R and Siverio, O and Galeano, C and Espí Reig, J and Cabezas, CJ and Rodrigo, MT and Llinàs-Mallol, L and Fernández-Reyes, MJ and Cruzado Vega, L and Pérez-Tamajón, L and Santana-Estupiñán, R and Ruiz-Fuentes, MC and Tabernero, G and Zárraga, S and Carlos Ruiz, J and Gutiérrez-Dalmau, A and Mazuecos, A and Sánchez-Álvarez, E and Crespo, M and Pascual, J and , and García-Méndez, I and Pérez-Oller, L and Giorgi, M}, title = {Use of tocilizumab in kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16192}, pmid = {32654422}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with coronavirus infection is related to a cytokine storm with large interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. The IL-6-receptor blocker tocilizumab may control the aberrant host immune response in COVID-19 patients. In this pandemic, kidney transplant (KT) recipients are a high-risk population for severe infection and showed poor outcomes. We present a multicenter cohort study of 80 KT patients with severe COVID-19 treated with tocilizumab during hospital admission. High mortality rate was identified (32.5%), related with older age (HR 3.12 for those older than 60 years, p=0.039). IL-6 and other inflammatory markers, including LDH, ferritin, and D-dimer increased early after tocilizumab administration and their values were higher in non-survivors. Instead, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels decreased after tocilizumab, and this decrease positively correlated with survival (mean 12.3 mg/L in survivors vs. 33 mg/L in non-survivors). Each mg/L of CRP soon after tocilizumab increased the risk of death by 1% (HR 1.01 [CI 1.004-1.024], p=0.003). Although patients who died presented with worse respiratory situation at admission, this was not significantly different at tocilizumab administration, and did not impact on outcome in the multivariate analysis. Tocilizumab may be effective in controlling cytokine storm in COVID-19 but randomized trials are needed.}, }
@article {pmid32654417, year = {2020}, author = {Evans, S and Taylor, C and Antoniou, A and Aggarwal, T and Burns, E and Jenkins, JT and Miskovic, D}, title = {Implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Colorectal disease : the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/codi.15247}, pmid = {32654417}, issn = {1463-1318}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: This report summarises the early experience of implementing elective colorectal cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic METHODS: A pathway to minimize the risk of including COVID-19 positive patients for elective surgery was established. Prioritization and additional safety measures were introduced into clinical practice. Minimal-invasive surgery (MIS) was used where appropriate.
RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were prioritised, and 23 patients underwent surgery (8 colon, 14 rectal and 1 anal cancer). MIS rate was 78%. There were no major postoperative complications or patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Histopathological outcomes were similar to normal practice.
CONCLUSION: A safe pathway to offer standard high-quality surgery to colorectal cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is feasible.}, }
@article {pmid32654411, year = {2020}, author = {Chrisman, AK}, title = {Debate: #Together despite the distance.}, journal = {Child and adolescent mental health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/camh.12406}, pmid = {32654411}, issn = {1475-357X}, abstract = {The pandemic COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) has had a major global impact on the healthcare systems worldwide as they deal with the surge of critically ill persons. Additionally, the preventative measure of stay-at-home orders and closure of nonessential businesses has caused the disruption of entire communities. The child/youth mental health workforce bears the additional burden of the disruption of the systems-based practice crucial to the successful provision of mental health services. Major sources of stress for the workforce include: (a) a threat to the worker's personal/family health and life (traumatic injury), (b) a loss of colleagues or threat to professional mastery and identity (grief injury), (c) an inner conflict between ones' values and aspirations and what they are able to accomplish in their work (moral injury), and (d) fatigue, simply feeling worn out by the relentless work and need, without time for rest and recovery (fatigue injury). The rapid transformation of the in-person to virtual practice by the implementation of telehealth/telephonic sessions has eroded the boundary between personal/professional life and created a new Zoom fatigue.}, }
@article {pmid32654408, year = {2020}, author = {Li, C and Zhai, Z and Davidson, BL}, title = {Response: D-dimer triage for COVID-19.}, journal = {Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/acem.14084}, pmid = {32654408}, issn = {1553-2712}, abstract = {We thank Dr Al-Najar and colleagues for their letter(1). Our Research Letter(2) from work completed early April 2020 is intended to rapidly communicate our finding of 93% 28-day survival (95% CI, 92-95%) for a normal D-dimer on admission and 98% survival (95% CI, 96-99%) for a normal D-dimer two days later. Because we reported on 749 patients, those estimates had high precision. We chose death as a hard relevant outcome, rather than severity. 100% of patients had gold-standard PCR RNA positivity.}, }
@article {pmid32654404, year = {2020}, author = {Carugno, A and Gambini, DM and Raponi, F and Vezzoli, P and Robustelli Test, E and Arosio, MEG and Callegaro, A and Sena, P}, title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) rash in a psoriatic patient treated with Secukinumab: is there a role for Interleukin 17?.}, journal = {Dermatologic therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e14011}, doi = {10.1111/dth.14011}, pmid = {32654404}, issn = {1529-8019}, }
@article {pmid32654387, year = {2020}, author = {Saegerman, C and Bianchini, J and Renault, V and Haddad, N and Humblet, MF}, title = {First expert elicitation of knowledge on drivers of emergence of the COVID-19 in pets.}, journal = {Transboundary and emerging diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/tbed.13724}, pmid = {32654387}, issn = {1865-1682}, abstract = {Infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces the coronavirus infectious disease 19 (COVID-19). Its pandemic form in human population and its probable animal origin, along with recent case reports in pets, make drivers of emergence crucial in domestic carnivore pets, especially cats, dogs and ferrets. Few data are available in these species; we first listed forty-six possible drivers of emergence of COVID-19 in pets, regrouped in eight domains (i.e. pathogen/disease characteristics, spatial-temporal distance of outbreaks, ability to monitor, disease treatment and control, characteristics of pets, changes in climate conditions, wildlife interface, human activity, and economic and trade activities). Secondly, we developed a scoring system per driver, then elicited scientific experts (N = 33) to: (i) allocate a score to each driver, (ii) weight the drivers scores within each domain and (iii) weight the different domains between them. Thirdly, an overall weighted score per driver was calculated; drivers were ranked in decreasing order. Fourthly, a regression tree analysis was used to group drivers with comparable likelihood to play a role in the emergence of COVID-19 in pets. Finally, the robustness of the expert elicitation was verified. Five drivers were ranked with the highest probability to play a key role in the emergence of COVID-19 in pets: availability and quality of diagnostic tools, human density close to pets, ability of preventive/control measures to avoid the disease introduction or spread in a country (except treatment, vaccination and reservoir(s) control), current species specificity of the disease causing agent and current knowledge on the pathogen. As scientific knowledge on the topic is scarce and still uncertain, expert elicitation of knowledge, in addition with clustering and sensitivity analyses, is of prime importance to prioritize future studies, starting from the top five drivers. The present methodology is applicable to other emerging pet diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32654378, year = {2020}, author = {Clark, B and Poulton, K}, title = {SARS-CoV-2: An immunogenetics call to arms.}, journal = {International journal of immunogenetics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/iji.12504}, pmid = {32654378}, issn = {1744-313X}, abstract = {Susceptibility to viral infection, development of immunity, response to treatment and patient clinical outcomes are all under the control of heritable factors in the host. In the context of the current SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, this review considers existing immunogenetic knowledge of virus-immune system interactions. A major focus is to highlight areas in which work is required in order to improve understanding of antiviral immune responses and to move towards improved patient management.}, }
@article {pmid32654361, year = {2020}, author = {Caffo, E and Scandroglio, F and Asta, L}, title = {Debate: COVID-19 and psychological well-being of children and adolescents in Italy.}, journal = {Child and adolescent mental health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/camh.12405}, pmid = {32654361}, issn = {1475-357X}, abstract = {Italy was the first country in Europe to deal with COVID-19. Measures taken by the government to contain the spread of the virus were based mainly on quarantine and social distancing, with dramatic economic, social and psychological consequences. Since March, Italian children and adolescents are facing school closures, which have caused a disruption in the daily lives of millions of young people and their families. To date, despite the slow reopening, the government has decided to maintain school closures for the entire academic year, leaving the future of young people in uncertainty. There is already some evidence that quarantine and social isolation are having negative impact on children's and adolescents' psychological well-being. Moreover, this situation will mainly affect those children and adolescents with pre-existing vulnerabilities and those suffering of mental disorders. It is imperative to keep young people's needs at the core of reconstruction plans, allowing them to return to school safely, and providing them with some strategies to heal and dealing with this stressful and potentially traumatic situation.}, }
@article {pmid32654359, year = {2020}, author = {Sonzogni, A and Previtali, G and Seghezzi, M and Alessio, MG and Gianatti, A and Licini, L and Morotti, D and Zerbi, P and Carsana, L and Rossi, R and Laur, E and Pellegrinelli, A and Nebuloni, M}, title = {Liver histopathology in severe COVID 19 respiratory failure is suggestive of vascular alterations.}, journal = {Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/liv.14601}, pmid = {32654359}, issn = {1478-3231}, abstract = {SARS2-CoV-2 breakout in Italy caused a huge number of severely ill patients with a serious increase in mortality. Although lungs seem to be the main target of the infection, very few information are available about liver involvement, possibly evocating a systemic disease. Post-mortem wedge liver biopsies from 48 patients died for severe pulmonary COVID-19 disease with respiratory failure were collected from two main hospitals in northern Italy. No patient had clinical symptoms of liver disease or signs of liver failure before and during hospitalization; for each of them liver function tests were available. All liver samples showed minimal inflammation features. Histological pictures compatible with vascular alterations were observed, characterized by increase of number of portal vein branches associated with lumen massive dilatation, partial or complete luminal thrombosis of portal and sinusoidal vessels, fibrosis of portal tract, focally markedly enlarged and fibrotic. SARS-CoV-2 was found in 15 of 22 samples tested by in situ hybridization method. Our preliminary results confirm the clinical impression that liver failure is not a main concern and this organ is not the target of significant inflammatory damage. Histopathological findings are highly suggestive for marked derangement of intrahepatic blood vessel network secondary to systemic changes induced by virus that could target not only lung parenchyma but also cardiovascular system, coagulation cascade and endothelial layer of blood vessels. It still remains unclear if the mentioned changes are directly related to virus infection or if SARS- CoV-2 triggers a series of reactions leading to striking vascular alterations.}, }
@article {pmid32654357, year = {2020}, author = {Ghaffari Rahbar, M and Nafar, M and Khoshdel, A and Dalili, N and Abrishami, A and Firouzan, A and Poorrezagholi, F and Samadian, F and Ziaie, S and Fatemizadeh, S and Samavat, S}, title = {Low Rate of COVID-19 pneumonia in Kidney Transplant Recipients - A Battle Between Infection and Immune Response?.}, journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e13406}, doi = {10.1111/tid.13406}, pmid = {32654357}, issn = {1399-3062}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: With COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about kidney transplant recipients are rising. However, the incidence, clinical course, outcome, and predictive factors of disease severity are obscured.
METHODS: We describe clinical and laboratory manifestations, radiologic findings, clinical course, and finally outcome of kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
RESULTS: Of 2493 kidney transplant recipients under follow up in our clinic, 19 cases (4 cases diagnosed based on radiologic findings) were admitted. The mean age of patients was 47.6 ± 12.4 years, and the mean time from transplantation was 115.6 ± 70.3 months. Lymphopenia and eosinopenia were 84.2% and 78.9%, respectively. Nine patients did not survive the hospital course. History of acute rejection during the past 12 months, diabetes, higher N/L ratio, lower platelet count, elevated N/L x CRP, higher levels of LDH, positive D-dimer, higher troponin, and prolonged PT were associated with mortality. Among patients with positive COVID-19 test, history of acute rejection, low platelet count, and positive D-dimer were associated with poor outcome. Treatment with cyclosporine was associated with better clinical outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Low rate of admission in transplant recipients specially in the very first years of transplantation might be due to protective effects of immunosuppressive agents against cytokine storm or modification of immunity function. We suggest evaluation of T cells number, function and cytokine profile as a guide to manage COVID-19 mainly in patients with higher risk of mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32654350, year = {2020}, author = {Gatti, A and Radrizzani, D and Viganò, P and Mazzone, A and Brando, B}, title = {Decrease of non-classical and intermediate monocyte subsets in severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/cyto.a.24188}, pmid = {32654350}, issn = {1552-4930}, abstract = {In patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection the development of cytokine storm induces extensive lung damage, and monocytes play a role in this pathological process. Non-classical (NC) and intermediate (INT) monocytes are known to be involved during viral and bacterial infections. In this study 30 patients with different manifestations of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection were investigated with a flow cytometric study of NC, INT and classical (CL) monocytes. Significantly reduced NC and INT monocytes and a down-regulated HLA-DR were found in acute patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 symptoms. Conversely in patients with moderate symptoms NC and INT monocytes and CD11b expression were increased. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid32654336, year = {2020}, author = {Kato, TA and Sartorius, N and Shinfuku, N}, title = {Forced social isolation due to COVID-19 and consequent mental health problems: lessons from hikikomori.}, journal = {Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/pcn.13112}, pmid = {32654336}, issn = {1440-1819}, }
@article {pmid32654332, year = {2020}, author = {Chaudhry, ZS and Williams, JD and Vahia, A and Fadel, R and Acosta, TP and Prashar, R and Shrivastava, P and Khoury, N and Corrales, JP and Williams, C and Nagai, S and Abouljoud, M and Samaniego-Picota, M and Lanfranco, OA and Del Busto, R and Ramesh, MS and Patel, A and Alangaden, GJ}, title = {Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: A Case-Control Study.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16188}, pmid = {32654332}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr) with COVID-19 are expected to have poorer outcomes compared to non-transplant patients due to immunosuppression and comorbidities. The clinical characteristics of 47 SOTr (38 kidneys and 9 non-kidney organs) were compared to 100 consecutive hospitalized non-transplant controls. 12/47 SOTr managed as outpatients were subsequently excluded from the outcome analyses to avoid potential selection bias. Chronic kidney disease (89% vs. 57% p=0.0007), diabetes (66% vs. 33% p=0.0007), and hypertension (94% vs. 72% p=0.006) were more common in the 35 hospitalized SOTr compared to controls. Diarrhea (54% vs. 17%, p<0.0001) was more frequent in SOTr. Primary composite outcome (escalation to ICU, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital all-cause mortality) was comparable between SOTr and controls (40% vs. 48%, OR 0.72 CI [0.33-1.58] p=0.42), despite more comorbidities in SOTr. Acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy occurred in 20% of SOTr compared to 4% of controls (OR 6 CI [1.64-22] p=0.007). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increasing age and clinical severity was associated with mortality. Transplant status itself was not associated with mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32654328, year = {2020}, author = {Wu, DT and Wu, KY and Nguyen, TT and Tran, SD}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on dental education in North America-Where do we go next?.}, journal = {European journal of dental education : official journal of the Association for Dental Education in Europe}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/eje.12561}, pmid = {32654328}, issn = {1600-0579}, abstract = {During the COVID-19 pandemic, the dental education community faced unprecedented challenges. In this commentary, we share the perspectives of faculty clinicians, residents and students in academic dental institutions in the United States and Canada. We discuss COVID-19's impact on various aspects of academic dentistry including patient care, education, research and raise key concerns regarding the future of dental education post-pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32654313, year = {2020}, author = {Reiberger, T and Mandorfer, M}, title = {"Perioperative Presentation of COVID-19 Disease in a Liver Transplant Recipient".}, journal = {Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/hep.31458}, pmid = {32654313}, issn = {1527-3350}, abstract = {In a recent issue of Hepatology, Drs. Qin and Wang report a case of a 37-year old patient with COVID-19 disease after undergoing liver transplantation (LT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). While these are interesting data on the course of COVID-19 disease in an immunosuppressed patient, we would like to highlight some particularly important issues related to management of liver disease and post-transplant care.}, }
@article {pmid32654303, year = {2020}, author = {Roberts, MB and Izzy, S and Tahir, Z and Al Jarrah, A and Fishman, JA and El Khoury, J}, title = {COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: dynamics of disease progression and inflammatory markers in ICU and non-ICU admitted patients.}, journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e13407}, doi = {10.1111/tid.13407}, pmid = {32654303}, issn = {1399-3062}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection varies in severity from minimal symptoms to critical illness associated with a hyperinflammatory response. Data on disease progression in immunosuppressed solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients are limited.
METHODS: We examined the electronic medical records of all SOT recipients with COVID-19 from 12 Massachusetts hospitals between February 1st and May 6th, 2020. We analysed the demographics, clinical parameters, course and outcomes of illness in these patients.
RESULTS: Of 52 COVID-19 positive SOT patients, 77% were hospitalized and 35% required ICU admission. Sixty nine percent of hospitalized patients had immunosuppression reduced, 6% developed suspected rejection. Co-infections occurred in 45% in ICU vs 5% in non-ICU patients (p=0.037). A biphasic pattern of evolution of laboratory tests was observed. In the first 5 days of illness, inflammatory markers were moderately increased. Subsequently, WBC, CRP, ferritin and D-dimer increased with increasing stay in the ICU, lymphocyte counts were similar. Five patients (16%) died.
CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicate that SOT is associated with high rate of hospitalization, ICU admission and death from COVID-19 compared to data in the general population of patients with COVID-19. Despite reduction in immunosuppression, suspected rejection was rare. The clinical course and trend of laboratory biomarkers is biphasic with a later, pronounced peak in inflammatory markers seen in those admitted to an ICU. CRP is a useful marker to monitor disease progression in SOT.}, }
@article {pmid32654279, year = {2020}, author = {Cohen Goldemberg, D and de Melo, AC and de Melo Pino, LC and Antunes, HS and Leão, JC and Porter, S}, title = {Lessening COVID-19 healthcare burden in dental practice via rapid serological tests.}, journal = {Oral diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/odi.13543}, pmid = {32654279}, issn = {1601-0825}, }
@article {pmid32654275, year = {2020}, author = {McElroy, L and Sanoff, S and Collins, B}, title = {Kidney transplant in the COVID era: Cautious optimism and continued vigilance.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16190}, pmid = {32654275}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {Since early March, transplant centers throughout the country have attempted to balance the risk of COVID-19 transmission in a newly immunosuppressed transplant recipient with the concern for wait list mortality and life years lost by remaining on dialysis. Much of the deliberation over this balance has occurred through online discussion groups where the sentiments are aligned, but the community risk, center resources, and population demographics are vastly different. Dr. Massie and coauthors provide data driven support for decision making by modeling the benefit to harm ratio of kidney transplant under varying environmental conditions, and providing a user-friendly calculator at transplantmodels.com/covid_sim.1.}, }
@article {pmid32654267, year = {2020}, author = {Mohapatra, RK and Pintilie, L and Kandi, V and Sarangi, AK and Das, D and Sahu, R and Perekhoda, L}, title = {The recent challenges of highly contagious COVID-19; causing respiratory infections: symptoms, diagnosis, transmission, possible vaccines, animal models and immunotherapy.}, journal = {Chemical biology & drug design}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cbdd.13761}, pmid = {32654267}, issn = {1747-0285}, abstract = {COVID-19 is highly contagious pathogenic viral infection initiated from Wuhan seafood wholesale market of China on December 2019 and spread rapidly around the whole world due to onward transmission. This recent outbreak of novel coronavirus (CoV) was believed to be originated from bats and causing respiratory infections such as common cold, dry cough, fever, headache, dyspnea, pneumonia and finally Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in humans. For this widespread zoonotic virus, human-to-human transmission has resulted in nearly 83 lakh cases in 213 countries and territories with 4,50,686 deaths as on 19th June 2020. This review presents a report on the origin, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, possible vaccines, animal models and immunotherapy for this novel virus and will provide ample references for the researchers towards the ongoing development of therapeutic agents and vaccines and also preventing the spread of this disease.}, }
@article {pmid32654261, year = {2020}, author = {Afolabi, MO and Folayan, MO and Munung, NS and Yakubu, A and Ndow, G and Jegede, A and Ambe, J and Kombe, F}, title = {Lessons from the Ebola epidemics and their applications for COVID-19 pandemic response in sub-Saharan Africa.}, journal = {Developing world bioethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/dewb.12275}, pmid = {32654261}, issn = {1471-8847}, abstract = {COVID-19, caused by a novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, was identified in December 2019, in Wuhan, China. It was first confirmed in sub-Saharan Africa in Nigeria on 27 February 2020 and has since spread quickly to all sub-Saharan African countries, causing more than 111,309 confirmed cases and 2,498 deaths as of 03 June 2020. The lessons learned during the recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks in some sub-Saharan African countries were expected to shape and influence the region's responses to COVID-19 pandemic. However, some of the challenges associated with the management of the EVD outbreaks persist and create obstacles for the effective management of the COVID-19 pandemic. This article describes the commonalities between the EVD epidemics and COVID-19 pandemic, with a view to draw on lessons learned to effectively tackle the ongoing pandemic. Key successes, failures and lessons learned from previous EVD outbreaks are discussed. Recommendations on how these lessons can be translated to strengthen the COVID-19 response in sub-Saharan Africa are provided.}, }
@article {pmid32654248, year = {2020}, author = {Gaspari, V and Orioni, G and Viviani, F and Raone, B and Lanzoni, A and Bardazzi, F}, title = {Does COVID-19 influence sexual behaviours?.}, journal = {Dermatologic therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e14004}, doi = {10.1111/dth.14004}, pmid = {32654248}, issn = {1529-8019}, }
@article {pmid32654247, year = {2020}, author = {Ye, Q and West, AMV and Silletti, S and Corbett, KD}, title = {Architecture and self-assembly of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein.}, journal = {Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/pro.3909}, pmid = {32654247}, issn = {1469-896X}, abstract = {The COVID-2019 pandemic is the most severe acute public health threat of the twenty-first century. To properly address this crisis with both robust testing and novel treatments, we require a deep understanding of the life cycle of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Here, we examine the architecture and self-assembly properties of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein, which packages viral RNA into new virions. We determined a 1.4 å resolution crystal structure of this protein's N2b domain, revealing a compact, intertwined dimer similar to that of related coronaviruses including SARS-CoV. While the N2b domain forms a dimer in solution, addition of the C-terminal spacer B/N3 domain mediates formation of a homotetramer. Using hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, we find evidence that at least part of this putatively disordered domain is structured, potentially forming an α-helix that self-associates and cooperates with the N2b domain to mediate tetramer formation. Finally, we map the locations of amino acid substitutions in the N protein from over 38,000 SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences. We find that these substitutions are strongly clustered in the protein's N2a linker domain, and that substitutions within the N1b and N2b domains cluster away from their functional RNA binding and dimerization interfaces. Overall, this work reveals the architecture and self-assembly properties of a key protein in the SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, with implications for both drug design and antibody-based testing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid32654244, year = {2020}, author = {Desmazes-Dufeu, N and Coltey, B and Amari, L and Gouitaa, M and Touzery, C and Reynaud-Gaubert, M and Chanez, P and Cassir, N}, title = {Discordant courses of COVID-19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients.}, journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e13410}, doi = {10.1111/tid.13410}, pmid = {32654244}, issn = {1399-3062}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by SARSCoV-2 that emerged in late 2019 and which is now a pandemic. Solid organ transplant recipients are perceived to be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to their chronic use of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) and to their associated conditions. Scarce data are available on the optimized management of ISDs in these patients and on its impact on presentation, clinical course, viral shedding, and outcome. We report here two cases of COVID-19 in a cohabiting couple of lung transplant recipients for cystic fibrosis, who had different ISDs management and who developed discordant courses of their disease. Our findings suggest that the degree of their immunosuppression might be a reason for their different course and that ISDs might prove partially protective.}, }
@article {pmid32654221, year = {2020}, author = {Gomes, APN and Schuch, LF and Tarquinio, SBC and Etges, A and Vasconcelos, ACU}, title = {Reduced demand for oral diagnosis during COVID-19: a Brazilian center experience.}, journal = {Oral diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/odi.13547}, pmid = {32654221}, issn = {1601-0825}, abstract = {Brazil represents the new epicenter of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), surpassing the mark of more than one million cases and 50,000 deaths. Despite these terrible numbers, experts estimate that the real size of the epidemic may be up to seven times higher (Hallal et al., 2020). Also, Brazilian people with mild symptoms rarely get tested. While the country and world engage in the fight against the pandemic of COVID-19, it remains vital for our health care system to continue caring for all patients.}, }
@article {pmid32654210, year = {2020}, author = {Cameli, M and Pastore, MC and Soliman Aboumarie, H and Mandoli, GE and D'Ascenzi, F and Cameli, P and Bigio, E and Franchi, F and Mondillo, S and Valente, S}, title = {Usefulness of echocardiography to detect cardiac involvement in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/echo.14779}, pmid = {32654210}, issn = {1540-8175}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is a current global healthcare burden, leading to the life-threatening severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, evidence showed that, even if the prevalence of COVID-19 damage consists in pulmonary lesions and symptoms, it could also affect other organs, such as heart, liver, and spleen. Particularly, some infected patients refer to the emergency department for cardiovascular symptoms, and around 10% of COVID-19 victims had finally developed heart injury. Therefore, the use of echocardiography, according to the safety local protocols and ensuring the use of personal protective equipment, could be useful firstly to discriminate between primary cardiac disease or COVID-19-related myocardial damage, and then for assessing and monitoring COVID-19 cardiovascular complications: acute myocarditis and arrhythmias, acute heart failure, sepsis-induced myocardial impairment, and right ventricular failure derived from treatment with high-pressure mechanical ventilation. The present review aims to enlighten the applications of transthoracic echocardiography for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of myocardial damage in COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32654199, year = {2020}, author = {Ronchi, A and Pagliuca, F and Zito Marino, F and Montella, M and Franco, R and Cozzolino, I}, title = {Interventional cytopathology in COVID-19 ERA.}, journal = {Cytopathology : official journal of the British Society for Clinical Cytology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cyt.12886}, pmid = {32654199}, issn = {1365-2303}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The dramatic spread of COVID-19 has raised many questions about cytological procedures performed in and out of the laboratories all over the world.
METHODS: We report a heterogeneous series of FNA performed during the period of phase 1 of the lockdown COVID19-pandemic to describe our experience and measures taken during this period.
RESULTS: A total of 48 FNA (ultrasound, computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasound guided) were processed and reported.
CONCLUSIONS: Pre-existing procedures have been modified to allow healthcare professionals to work safely ensuring patients the necessary assistance with samples suitable for cellularity, fixation and staining for an accurate cytological diagnosis.}, }
@article {pmid32654180, year = {2020}, author = {Hsu, JJ and Al-Saffar, F and Ardehali, R and Baas, AS and Carlson, M and Cruz, D and Deng, M and Fan, A and Fraschilla, S and Gaynor, P and Kamath, M and Kubak, BM and Schaenman, J and Stimpson, E and Vucicevic, D and Ardehali, A and Nsair, A}, title = {Heart Transplantation in the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single-Center Case Series.}, journal = {Clinical transplantation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e14042}, doi = {10.1111/ctr.14042}, pmid = {32654180}, issn = {1399-0012}, abstract = {The infectious disease Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The impact of COVID-19 on solid organ transplantations, including heart transplantation, is currently unclear. Many transplant programs have been forced to swiftly re-evaluate and adapt their practices, leading to a marked decrease in transplants performed. This trend has been due to various factors, including increased donor COVID-19 screening scrutiny and recipient waiting list management in anticipation of COVID-19 critical care surge capacity planning. In the face of these unknown variables, determining when and how to proceed with transplantation in our population of patients with end-stage cardiomyopathies is challenging. Here, we describe our center's experience with orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) in one of the country's pandemic epicenters, where we performed eight OHTs in the first two months after community spread began in late February 2020.}, }
@article {pmid32654172, year = {2020}, author = {Sozzi, FB and Belmonte, M and Schiavone, M and Canetta, C and Blasi, F}, title = {Considerations on cardiac patients during Covid-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/echo.14790}, pmid = {32654172}, issn = {1540-8175}, }
@article {pmid32654163, year = {2020}, author = {Jimenez, AC and Navarrate Navarrete, N and Gratacós Gómez, AR and Florido López, F and Garcia Rodriguez, R and Elisa, GT}, title = {First case of DRESS syndrome caused by hydroxychloroquine with a positive patch test.}, journal = {Contact dermatitis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/cod.13657}, pmid = {32654163}, issn = {1600-0536}, }
@article {pmid32654134, year = {2020}, author = {Asadi-Pooya, AA and Cross, JH}, title = {Is wearing a face mask safe for people with epilepsy?.}, journal = {Acta neurologica Scandinavica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ane.13316}, pmid = {32654134}, issn = {1600-0404}, abstract = {Since December 2019, the world has been experiencing a catastrophic pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV2. This virus primarily targets the human respiratory system. Available information suggests that people with epilepsy (PWE) are not at higher risk of being infected by the virus, nor of more severe COVID-19 manifestations, as a result of the epilepsy alone. However, COVID-19 is a serious disease that currently has no effective treatment or vaccine. A face mask is probably effective in preventing the spread of a respiratory pathogen, at least to some extent. So, should we recommend wearing a face mask to all during a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease (e.g., COVID-19) without any precautions or exemptions? While concrete evidence is lacking, if we consider that wearing a face mask may simulate hyperventilation, at least to some extent, we would probably avoid recommending this practice indiscriminately to all PWE. On the other hand, in the absence of any proven treatment or vaccine to combat COVID-19, prevention is the best available strategy and it is probably not reasonable to suggest avoid wearing face masks in PWE under any circumstances. Logically, PWE do not need to wear a face mask most of the time, as long as there is no close contact with others, especially during intense physical activities such as exercise. To the contrary, it is probably more advantageous to wear a face mask in crowded locations, with intermittent breaks in safe locations, away from others.}, }
@article {pmid32654131, year = {2020}, author = {El-Boghdadly, K and Wong, DJN and Johnstone, C and Ahmad, I and , }, title = {Tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: global risks.}, journal = {Anaesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/anae.15205}, pmid = {32654131}, issn = {1365-2044}, }
@article {pmid32654098, year = {2020}, author = {C Hsia, B and Greige, N and A Quiroz, J and S Khokhar, A and Daily, J and Di Biase, L and J Ferrick, K and D Fisher, J and Krumerman, A}, title = {QT prolongation in a diverse, urban population of COVID-19 patients treated with hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, or azithromycin.}, journal = {Journal of interventional cardiac electrophysiology : an international journal of arrhythmias and pacing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10840-020-00822-x}, pmid = {32654098}, issn = {1572-8595}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and azithromycin have been used for treatment of COVID-19, but may cause QT prolongation. Minority populations are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. This study evaluates the risk of QT prolongation and subsequent outcomes after administration of these medications in largely underrepresented minority COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: We conducted an observational study on hospitalized COVID-19 patients in the Montefiore Health System (Bronx, NY). We examined electrocardiograms (ECG) pre/post-medication initiation to evaluate QTc, HR, QRS duration, and presence of other arrhythmias.
RESULTS: One hundred five patients (mean age 67 years; 44.8% F) were analyzed. The median time from the first dose of any treatment to post-medication ECG was 2 days (IQR: 1-3). QTc in men increased from baseline (440 vs 455 ms, p < 0.001), as well as in women (438 vs 463 ms, p < 0.001). The proportion of patients with QT prolongation increased significantly (14.3% vs 34.3%, p < 0.001) even when adjusted for electrolyte abnormalities. The number of patients whose QTc > 500 ms was significantly increased after treatment (16.2% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.01). Patients with either QTc > 500 ms or an increase of 60 ms had a higher frequency of death (47.6% vs. 22.6%, p = 0.02) with an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% CI: 1.1-8.7). Adjusting for race/ethnicity yielded no significant associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, and/or azithromycin were associated with QTc prolongation but did not result in fatal arrhythmias. Our findings suggest that any harm is unlikely to outweigh potential benefits of treatment. Careful risk-benefit analyses for individual patients should guide the use of these medications. Randomized control trials are necessary to evaluate their efficacies.}, }
@article {pmid32654082, year = {2020}, author = {Ahmed, S and Zimba, O and Gasparyan, AY}, title = {Thrombosis in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the prism of Virchow's triad.}, journal = {Clinical rheumatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10067-020-05275-1}, pmid = {32654082}, issn = {1434-9949}, abstract = {The pathogenesis of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is gradually being comprehended. A high number of thrombotic episodes are reported, along with the mortality benefits of heparin. COVID-19 can be viewed as a prothrombotic disease. We overviewed the available evidence to explore this possibility. We identified various histopathology reports and clinical case series reporting thromboses in COVID-19. Also, multiple coagulation markers support this. COVID-19 can be regarded as a risk factor for thrombosis. Applying the principles of Virchow's triad, we described abnormalities in the vascular endothelium, altered blood flow, and platelet function abnormalities that lead to venous and arterial thromboses in COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction, activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) with the release of procoagulant plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and hyperimmune response with activated platelets seem to be significant contributors to thrombogenesis in COVID-19. Stratifying risk of COVID-19 thromboses should be based on age, presence of comorbidities, D-dimer, CT scoring, and various blood cell ratios. Isolated heparin therapy may not be sufficient to combat thrombosis in this disease. There is an urgent need to explore newer avenues like activated protein C, PAI-1 antagonists, and tissue plasminogen activators (tPA). These should be augmented with therapies targeting RAAS, antiplatelet drugs, repurposed antiinflammatory, and antirheumatic drugs. Key Points • Venous and arterial thromboses in COVID-19 can be viewed through the prism of Virchow's triad. • Endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, hyperviscosity, and blood flow abnormalities due to hypoxia, immune reactions, and hypercoagulability lead to thrombogenesis in COVID-19. • There is an urgent need to stratify COVID-19 patients at risk for thrombosis using age, comorbidities, D-dimer, and CT scoring. • Patients with COVID-19 at high risk for thrombosis should be put on high dose heparin therapy.}, }
@article {pmid32654078, year = {2020}, author = {Kastritis, E and Kitas, GD and Vassilopoulos, D and Giannopoulos, G and Dimopoulos, MA and Sfikakis, PP}, title = {Systemic autoimmune diseases, anti-rheumatic therapies, COVID-19 infection risk and patient outcomes.}, journal = {Rheumatology international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00296-020-04629-x}, pmid = {32654078}, issn = {1437-160X}, abstract = {As of June 10th 2020 about 7.2 million individuals have tested positive for, and more than 410,000 have died due to COVID-19. In this review we outline the pathophysiology that underpins the potential use of anti-rheumatic therapies for severe COVID-19 infection and summarize the current evidence regarding the risk and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. Thus far there is no convincing evidence that any disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (conventional synthetic, biologic or targeted synthetic) including hydroxychloroquine, may protect against severe COVID-19 infection; answers about their possible usefulness in the management of the cytokine storm associated with severe COVID-9 infection will only arise from ongoing randomized controlled trials. Evidence on COVID-19 risk and outcome in patients with systemic autoimmune diseases is extremely limited; thus, any conclusions would be unsafe and should be seen with great caution. At present, the risk and severity (hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death) of COVID-19 infection in people with autoimmune diseases do not appear particularly dissimilar to the general population, with the possible exception of hospitalization in patients exposed to high glucocorticoid doses. At this stage it is impossible to draw any conclusions for differences in COVID-19 risk and outcome between different autoimmune diseases and between the various immunomodulatory therapies used for them. More research in the field is obviously required, including as a minimum careful and systematic epidemiology and appropriately controlled clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid32654065, year = {2020}, author = {Marelli, S and Castelnuovo, A and Somma, A and Castronovo, V and Mombelli, S and Bottoni, D and Leitner, C and Fossati, A and Ferini-Strambi, L}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep quality in university students and administration staff.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10056-6}, pmid = {32654065}, issn = {1432-1459}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In Italy, lockdown due to COVID-19 health emergency started on March 10 and partially ended on May 3rd, 2020. There was a significant increase of psychological distress and symptoms of mental illness, and worsening of quality of sleep in the general population.
METHODS: Participants completed an anonymous web-based survey that include questionnaires about sleep and anxiety and depression symptoms. Our sample included 400 subjects: 307 students (mean age 22.84 ± 2.68) and 93 university administration staff workers (mean age 37.02 ± 12.46).
RESULTS: we found an increase in Bed Time hour, Sleep Latency, and Wake-Up time between before and during COVID-19 emergency and a worsening of sleep quality and of insomnia symptoms. In particular, during the lockdown, the impact of the delay in Bed Time and in Wake-Up was more pronounced in students. In workers, we observed a prevalence of maintenance insomnia before COVID-19 of 24% that significantly increase during COVID-19 reaching 40%, while workers with difficulties in sleep initiation were only 15% that increased to 42%. In our sample, 27.8% showed depressive symptoms, while 34.3% showed anxious symptoms, in particular in students.
CONCLUSION: The impact of lockdown was greater in students than in workers, and in females than in males. Concerning the psycho-emotional aspects, about one-third of our sample showed depressive or anxious symptoms. The results of our study may provide support for the implementation of some interventions for well-being in pandemic condition.}, }
@article {pmid32654064, year = {2020}, author = {Woo, MS and Steins, D and Häußler, V and Kohsar, M and Haag, F and Elias-Hamp, B and Heesen, C and Lütgehetmann, M and Schulze Zur Wiesch, J and Friese, MA}, title = {Control of SARS-CoV-2 infection in rituximab-treated neuroimmunological patients.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10046-8}, pmid = {32654064}, issn = {1432-1459}, }
@article {pmid32654063, year = {2020}, author = {Cani, I and Barone, V and D'Angelo, R and Pisani, L and Allegri, V and Spinardi, L and Malpassi, P and Fasano, L and Rinaldi, R and Fanti, S and Cortelli, P and Guarino, M}, title = {Frontal encephalopathy related to hyperinflammation in COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10057-5}, pmid = {32654063}, issn = {1432-1459}, }
@article {pmid32654059, year = {2020}, author = {Miles, A and Connor, NP and Desai, RV and Jadcherla, S and Allen, J and Brodsky, M and Garand, KL and Malandraki, GA and McCulloch, TM and Moss, M and Murray, J and Pulia, M and Riquelme, LF and Langmore, SE}, title = {Dysphagia Care Across the Continuum: A Multidisciplinary Dysphagia Research Society Taskforce Report of Service-Delivery During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.}, journal = {Dysphagia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00455-020-10153-8}, pmid = {32654059}, issn = {1432-0460}, abstract = {At the time of writing this paper, there are over 11 million reported cases of COVID-19 worldwide. Health professionals involved in dysphagia care are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in their day-to-day practices. Otolaryngologists, gastroenterologists, rehabilitation specialists, and speech-language pathologists are subject to virus exposure due to their proximity to the aerodigestive tract and reliance on aerosol-generating procedures in swallow assessments and interventions. Across the globe, professional societies and specialty associations are issuing recommendations about which procedures to use, when to use them, and how to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission during their use. Balancing safety for self, patients, and the public while maintaining adequate evidence-based dysphagia practices has become a significant challenge. This paper provides current evidence on COVID-19 transmission during commonly used dysphagia practices and provides recommendations for protection while conducting these procedures. The paper summarizes current understanding of dysphagia in patients with COVID-19 and draws on evidence for dysphagia interventions that can be provided without in-person consults and close proximity procedures including dysphagia screening and telehealth.}, }
@article {pmid32654049, year = {2020}, author = {Aznab, M}, title = {Evaluation of COVID 19 infection in 279 cancer patients treated during a 90-day period in 2020 pandemic.}, journal = {International journal of clinical oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10147-020-01734-6}, pmid = {32654049}, issn = {1437-7772}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was investigation of COVID-19 disease and its outcome in cancer patients who needed treatment, in a 90-day period.
METHODS: Cancer patient who required treatment, were evaluated for potential COVID-19 infection in a 90-day period, starting from beginning of this epidemic in Iran, January, to April 19, 2020. For treatment of solid tumor patients, if they did not have symptoms related to COVID-19, just chest X-ray was requested. If they showed COVID-19 related symptoms, high resolution CT scan of lungs was requested. For hematology cancer patients, PCR test for COVID-19 infection was requested as well. Protection measures were considered for personnel of oncology wards.
RESULTS: 279 Patients were followed up in this 90-day period. No COVID-19 infection was observed in 92 cases of breast cancer, 14 cases of gastric cancer and 12 cases of pancreaticobiliary cancer. However, in 72 cases of colon cancer, 11 cases of lung cancer, 5 cases brain tumors and 12 cases ovarian cancer; 4 cases of COVID-19 were observed. In the hematology cancers group, which included 14 cases of Hodgkin's disease, 23 cases of lymphoproliferative disorder, 12 cases of acute leukemia and 12 cases of multiple myeloma; 3 cases of COVID-19 were observed.
CONCLUSION: Patients with cancer who need treatment can be treated by taking some measures. These measures include observing individual and collective protection principles in patients and health-care personnel, increasing patients' awareness particularly about self-care behavior, performing a COVID-19 test, and taking a chest X-ray, before the treatment starts.}, }
@article {pmid32654028, year = {2020}, author = {Ierardi, AM and Wood, BJ and Arrichiello, A and Bottino, N and Bracchi, L and Forzenigo, L and Andrisani, MC and Vespro, V and Bonelli, C and Amalou, A and Turkbey, EB and Turkbey, BI and Granata, G and Pinto, A and Grasselli, G and Stocchetti, N and Carrafiello, G}, title = {Preparation of a radiology department in an Italian hospital dedicated to COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {La Radiologia medica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11547-020-01248-1}, pmid = {32654028}, issn = {1826-6983}, abstract = {Preparedness for the ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its spread in Italy called for setting up of adequately equipped and dedicated health facilities to manage sick patients while protecting healthcare workers, uninfected patients, and the community. In our country, in a short time span, the demand for critical care beds exceeded supply. A new sequestered hospital completely dedicated to intensive care (IC) for isolated COVID-19 patients needed to be designed, constructed, and deployed. Along with this new initiative, the new concept of "Pandemic Radiology Unit" was implemented as a practical solution to the emerging crisis, born out of a critical and urgent acute need. The present article describes logistics, planning, and practical design issues for such a pandemic radiology and critical care unit (e.g., space, infection control, safety of healthcare workers, etc.) adopted in the IC Hospital Unit for the care and management of COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32654024, year = {2020}, author = {Sharma, A and Bhardwaj, R}, title = {COVID-19 and ENT surgery: a brief review of essential precautions and triage.}, journal = {European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00405-020-06207-0}, pmid = {32654024}, issn = {1434-4726}, abstract = {PURPOSE: This study is a brief review of the existing knowledge on the ENT surgeon's approach towards management of patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. While it is being recommended to carry out only the emergent procedures and to postpone the non-urgent ones to a later date, this article is meant to provide an insight into triage of the ENT procedures and the various precautions to be taken into account by the ENT surgeons while carrying out a procedure during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: The ENT Cochrane, Pubmed and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using the terms 'COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 in conjunction with ENT surgery.
RESULTS: Elective and non urgent cases are best avoided during this time. Only absolutely essential and emergent procedures need to be carried out with the use of Personal protective equipment comprising of safety gown, N95 mask, safety goggles, disposable gloves and caps. There is a possibility of transmission of the SARS- CoV-2 through asymptomatic patients and hence all patients, even with an unknown COVID-19 status, need to undergo a preoperative screening. As all procedures under general anesthesia are aerosol generating, the use of Personal protective equipment (PPE) is recommended for all the health care workers present in the operation theater.
CONCLUSION: A proper knowledge of triage would be of immense help to the ENT surgeon in minimizing the exposure to health care workers and patients during this pandemic. All patients with an unknown COVID-19 status should be considered suspects and essential precautions for their management be taken accordingly.}, }
@article {pmid32654021, year = {2020}, author = {Santos, GM and Ackerman, B and Rao, A and Wallach, S and Ayala, G and Lamontage, E and Garner, A and Holloway, IW and Arreola, S and Silenzio, V and Strömdahl, S and Yu, L and Strong, C and Adamson, T and Yakusik, A and Doan, TT and Huang, P and Cerasuolo, D and Bishop, A and Noori, T and Pharris, A and Aung, M and Dara, M and Chung, SY and Hanley, M and Baral, S and Beyrer, C and Howell, S}, title = {Economic, Mental Health, HIV Prevention and HIV Treatment Impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 Response on a Global Sample of Cisgender Gay Men and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men.}, journal = {AIDS and behavior}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10461-020-02969-0}, pmid = {32654021}, issn = {1573-3254}, abstract = {There is an urgent need to measure the impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). We conducted a cross-sectional survey with a global sample of gay men and other MSM (n = 2732) from April 16, 2020 to May 4, 2020, through a social networking app. We characterized the economic, mental health, HIV prevention and HIV treatment impacts of COVID-19 and the COVID-19 response, and examined whether sub-groups of our study population are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. Many gay men and other MSM not only reported economic and mental health consequences, but also interruptions to HIV prevention and testing, and HIV care and treatment services. These consequences were significantly greater among people living with HIV, racial/ethnic minorities, immigrants, sex workers, and socio-economically disadvantaged groups. These findings highlight the urgent need to mitigate the negative impacts of COVID-19 among gay men and other MSM.}, }
@article {pmid32654018, year = {2020}, author = {Lazaridis, II and Kraljević, M and Schneider, R and Klasen, JM and Schizas, D and Peterli, R and Kow, L and Delko, T and , }, title = {The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Bariatric Surgery: Results from a Worldwide Survey.}, journal = {Obesity surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11695-020-04830-8}, pmid = {32654018}, issn = {1708-0428}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The ongoing "coronavirus disease 19" (COVID-19) pandemic has had a strong effect on the delivery of surgical care worldwide. Elective surgeries have been canceled or delayed in order to reallocate resources to the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Currently, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on bariatric and metabolic surgical practice remains unclear.
METHODS: An internet-based online survey was performed among bariatric surgeons worldwide. The survey was sent to bariatric surgeons via the International Bariatric Club Facebook group and by electronic mail via the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and metabolic disorders (IFSO) secretariat to members of the associated national IFSO societies.
RESULTS: One hundred sixty-nine (n = 169) bariatric surgeons participated in the survey. The majority of the respondents postponed preoperative upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopies, appointments in the outpatient clinic and bariatric operations. Most surgeons performed video calls for follow-up appointments instead of meeting the patients in the outpatient clinics. Laparoscopy was still the preferred treatment for surgical emergencies, but a trend towards conservative treatment of acute appendicitis and acute cholecystitis was shown. Rapid preoperative COVID-19 testing availability was poor; therefore, routine screening of emergency bariatric cases was not widely provided. A wide variance occurred regarding precautions and personal protection equipment among the participants.
CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic showed a strong impact on bariatric surgical practice regarding surgical and outpatient planning as well as personnel management. Coordinated effort from the national bariatric societies should focus on strict implementation of the current recommendations regarding precaution measures and personal protection equipment. Further studies should evaluate how this impact will evolve in the near future.}, }
@article {pmid32654006, year = {2020}, author = {Horie, S and McNicholas, B and Rezoagli, E and Pham, T and Curley, G and McAuley, D and O'Kane, C and Nichol, A and Dos Santos, C and Rocco, PRM and Bellani, G and Laffey, JG}, title = {Emerging pharmacological therapies for ARDS: COVID-19 and beyond.}, journal = {Intensive care medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00134-020-06141-z}, pmid = {32654006}, issn = {1432-1238}, abstract = {ARDS, first described in 1967, is the commonest form of acute severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Despite considerable advances in our knowledge regarding the pathophysiology of ARDS, insights into the biologic mechanisms of lung injury and repair, and advances in supportive care, particularly ventilatory management, there remains no effective pharmacological therapy for this syndrome. Hospital mortality at 40% remains unacceptably high underlining the need to continue to develop and test therapies for this devastating clinical condition. The purpose of the review is to critically appraise the current status of promising emerging pharmacological therapies for patients with ARDS and potential impact of these and other emerging therapies for COVID-19-induced ARDS. We focus on drugs that: (1) modulate the immune response, both via pleiotropic mechanisms and via specific pathway blockade effects, (2) modify epithelial and channel function, (3) target endothelial and vascular dysfunction, (4) have anticoagulant effects, and (5) enhance ARDS resolution. We also critically assess drugs that demonstrate potential in emerging reports from clinical studies in patients with COVID-19-induced ARDS. Several therapies show promise in earlier and later phase clinical testing, while a growing pipeline of therapies is in preclinical testing. The history of unsuccessful clinical trials of promising therapies underlines the challenges to successful translation. Given this, attention has been focused on the potential to identify biologically homogenous subtypes within ARDS, to enable us to target more specific therapies 'precision medicines.' It is hoped that the substantial number of studies globally investigating potential therapies for COVID-19 will lead to the rapid identification of effective therapies to reduce the mortality and morbidity of this devastating form of ARDS.}, }
@article {pmid32654005, year = {2020}, author = {Bianchetti, A and Bellelli, G and Guerini, F and Marengoni, A and Padovani, A and Rozzini, R and Trabucchi, M}, title = {Improving the care of older patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Aging clinical and experimental research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s40520-020-01641-w}, pmid = {32654005}, issn = {1720-8319}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led to a dramatic crisis of Health Care Systems worldwide, and older people have been among the most disadvantaged. Specific recommendations and reports have been released both at International and National level, regarding the diagnosis and management of COVID-19 in the elderly. However, little has been proposed for an appropriate response to older, frail and multimorbid patients in different settings of care (acute care units, long term care facilities, nursing homes and primary care) and for the management of geriatric syndromes (i.e. delirium, sarcopenia, falls). We presume that the current pandemic of will leads to substantial changes in health care systems, and we suggest some key guide principles that could inspire the provision of healthcare services to older people and their families. These principles are primarily directed to physicians and nurses working in the geriatric field but could also be useful for other specialists.}, }
@article {pmid32653986, year = {2020}, author = {Bemtgen, X and Zotzmann, V and Benk, C and Rilinger, J and Steiner, K and Asmussen, A and Bode, C and Wengenmayer, T and Maier, S and Staudacher, DL}, title = {Thrombotic circuit complications during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of thrombosis and thrombolysis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11239-020-02217-1}, pmid = {32653986}, issn = {1573-742X}, abstract = {The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the resulting disease COVID-19 causes pulmonary failure including severe courses requiring venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-V ECMO). Coagulopathy is a known complication of COVID-19 leading to thrombotic events including pulmonary embolism. It is unclear if the coagulopathy also increases thrombotic circuit complications of the ECMO. Aim of the present study therefor was to investigate the rate of V-V ECMO complications in COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective registry study including all patients on V-V ECMO treated at our centre between 01/2018 and 04/2020. COVID-19 cases were compared non- COVID-19 cases. All circuit related complications resulting in partial or complete exchange of the extracorporeal system were registered. In total, 66 patients were analysed of which 11 (16.7%) were SARS-CoV-2 positive. The two groups did not differ in clinical parameters including age (COVID-19 59.4 vs. non-COVID-19 58.1 years), gender (36.4% vs. 40%), BMI (27.8 vs. 24.2) and severity of illness as quantified by the RESP Score (1pt. vs 1pt.). 28 days survival was similar in both groups (72.7% vs. 58.2%). While anticoagulation was similar in both groups (p = 0.09), centrifugal pump head thrombosis was more frequent in COVID-19 (9/11 versus 16/55 p < 0.01). Neither the time to first exchange (p = 0.61) nor blood flow at exchange (p = 0.68) did differ in both groups. D-dimer levels prior to the thrombotic events were significantly higher in COVID-19 (mean 15.48 vs 26.59, p = 0.01). The SARS-CoV-2 induced infection is associated with higher rates of thrombotic events of the extracorporeal system during V-V ECMO therapy.}, }
@article {pmid32653981, year = {2020}, author = {Marietta, M and Coluccio, V and Luppi, M}, title = {COVID-19, coagulopathy and venous thromboembolism: more questions than answers.}, journal = {Internal and emergency medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11739-020-02432-x}, pmid = {32653981}, issn = {1970-9366}, abstract = {The acute respiratory illnesses caused by severe acquired respiratory syndrome corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a global health emergency, involving more than 8.6 million people worldwide with more than 450,000 deaths. Among the clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the disease that results from SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans, a prominent feature is a pro-thrombotic derangement of the hemostatic system, possibly representing a peculiar clinicopathologic manifestation of viral sepsis. The severity of the derangement of coagulation parameters in COVID-19 patients has been associated with a poor prognosis, and the use of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) at doses registered for prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) has been endorsed by the World Health Organization and by Several Scientific societies. However, some relevant issues on the relationships between COVID-19, coagulopathy and VTE have yet to be fully elucidated. This review is particularly focused on four clinical questions: What is the incidence of VTE in COVID-19 patients? How do we frame the COVID-19 associated coagulopathy? Which role, if any, do antiphospolipid antibodies have? How do we tackle COVID-19 coagulopathy? In the complex scenario of an overwhelming pandemic, most everyday clinical decisions have to be taken without delay, although not yet supported by a sound scientific evidence. This review discusses the most recent findings of basic and clinical research about the COVID-associated coagulopathy, to foster a more thorough knowledge of the mechanisms underlying this compelling disease.}, }
@article {pmid32653961, year = {2020}, author = {Vernuccio, F and Giambelluca, D and Cannella, R and Lombardo, FP and Panzuto, F and Midiri, M and Cabassa, P}, title = {Radiographic and chest CT imaging presentation and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicenter experience from an endemic area.}, journal = {Emergency radiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10140-020-01817-x}, pmid = {32653961}, issn = {1438-1435}, abstract = {COVID-19 has infected more than 2 million people in the world in less than 5 months outbreak. Chest imaging is recommended for triage of suspected cases of COVID-19 with moderate-severe clinical features and high pre-test probability of disease, and may help for patient follow-up and to identify patients at higher risk of disease worsening. This pictorial essay illustrates typical and uncommon imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and the role of imaging for patient management.}, }
@article {pmid32653960, year = {2020}, author = {Marchand, L and Pecquet, M and Luyton, C}, title = {Type 1 diabetes onset triggered by COVID-19.}, journal = {Acta diabetologica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00592-020-01570-0}, pmid = {32653960}, issn = {1432-5233}, }
@article {pmid32653930, year = {2020}, author = {de Faria Coelho-Ravagnani, C and Corgosinho, FC and Sanches, FFZ and Prado, CMM and Laviano, A and Mota, JF}, title = {Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Nutrition reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuaa067}, pmid = {32653930}, issn = {1753-4887}, abstract = {Optimal nutrition can improve well-being and might mitigate the risk and morbidity associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review summarizes nutritional guidelines to support dietary counseling provided by dietitians and health-related professionals. The majority of documents encouraged the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods. Thirty-one percent of the guidelines highlighted the importance of minerals and vitamins such as zinc and vitamins C, A, and D to maintain a well-functioning immune system. Dietary supplementation has not been linked to COVID-19 prevention. However, supplementation with vitamins C and D, as well as with zinc and selenium, was highlighted as potentially beneficial for individuals with, or at risk of, respiratory viral infections or for those in whom nutrient deficiency is detected. There was no convincing evidence that food or food packaging is associated with the transmission of COVID-19, but good hygiene practices for handling and preparing foods were recommended. No changes to breastfeeding recommendations have been made, even in women diagnosed with COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32653906, year = {2020}, author = {Frank, CHM and Almeida, TVR and Marques, EA and de Sousa Monteiro, Q and Feitoza, PVS and Borba, MGS and Vasconcelos, HL and de Souza Bastos, M and Lacerda, MVG}, title = {Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Pediatric Patient.}, journal = {Journal of tropical pediatrics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/tropej/fmaa044}, pmid = {32653906}, issn = {1465-3664}, abstract = {We report the case of a 15-year-old male patient presenting frontal headaches with retro-orbital pain accompanied by fever evolving to weakness and pain of the lower limbs, which ascended to upper limbs. A COVID-19 rapid test (IgG and IgM) and nasopharyngeal swab polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The blood tests, cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) analysis and CSF aerobic culture revealed no abnormalities. PCR testing of the CSF was negative for the most prevalent etiologies as well as for SARS-CoV-2. Electroneurography study was compatible with the acute motor axonal neuropathy variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome. No cases involving young patients have been presented to date. Therefore, this is the first reported pediatric case of SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with GBS. Evidence reveals that SARS-CoV-2 infection is not limited to the respiratory tract. Neurotropism could explain this important neurologic manifestation of COVID-19 in children.}, }
@article {pmid32653890, year = {2020}, author = {Jiang, ZZ and He, C and Wang, DQ and Shen, HL and Sun, JL and Gan, WN and Lu, JY and Liu, XT}, title = {The Role of Imaging Techniques in Management of COVID-19 in China: From Diagnosis to Monitoring and Follow-Up.}, journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {e924582}, doi = {10.12659/MSM.924582}, pmid = {32653890}, issn = {1643-3750}, abstract = {In December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus infection emerged in Wuhan, Hubei Province of China, which is now named Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The outbreak spread rapidly within mainland China and globally. This paper reviews the different imaging modalities used in the diagnosis and treatment process of COVID-19, such as chest radiography, computerized tomography (CT) scan, ultrasound examination, and positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan. A chest radiograph is not recommended as a first-line imaging modality for COVID-19 infection due to its lack of sensitivity, especially in the early stages of infection. Chest CT imaging is reported to be a more reliable, rapid, and practical method for diagnosis of COVID-19, and it can assess the severity of the disease and follow up the disease time course. Ultrasound, on the other hand, is portable and involves no radiation, and thus can be used in critically ill patients to assess cardiorespiratory function, guide mechanical ventilation, and identify the presence of deep venous thrombosis and secondary pulmonary thromboembolism. Supplementary information can be provided by PET/CT. In the absence of vaccines and treatments for COVID-19, prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential. Therefore, it is important to exploit the advantages of different imaging modalities in the fight against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32653855, year = {2020}, author = {Aryal, S and Pant, SB}, title = {Maternal mental health in Nepal and its prioritization during COVID-19 pandemic: Missing the obvious.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102281}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102281}, pmid = {32653855}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653854, year = {2020}, author = {Yu, Y and Yu, Y and Lin, Y}, title = {Cross-lagged analysis of the interplay between meaning in life and positive mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102278}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102278}, pmid = {32653854}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653852, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, K}, title = {Mental health implications of COVID-19 on children with disabilities.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102273}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102273}, pmid = {32653852}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653851, year = {2020}, author = {Bakar, AYA and Ramli, S}, title = {Psychosocial support for healthcare frontliners during COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102272}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102272}, pmid = {32653851}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653850, year = {2020}, author = {Kang, C and Rohlof, H and Yuan, J and Yang, J}, title = {Will the COVID-19 outbreak bring the health care system and health industry to a new era in China?.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102269}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102269}, pmid = {32653850}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653848, year = {2020}, author = {Sheth, S and Ganesh, A and Nagendra, S and Kumar, K and Tejdeepika, R and Likhitha, C and Murthy, P and Chand, P}, title = {Development of a mobile responsive online learning module on psychosocial and mental health issues related to COVID 19.}, journal = {Asian journal of psychiatry}, volume = {54}, number = {}, pages = {102248}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102248}, pmid = {32653848}, issn = {1876-2026}, }
@article {pmid32653819, year = {2020}, author = {Carpenito, L and D'Ercole, M and Porta, F and Di Blasi, E and Doi, P and Fagara, GR and Rey, R and Bulfamante, G}, title = {The autopsy at the time of SARS-CoV-2: Protocol and lessons.}, journal = {Annals of diagnostic pathology}, volume = {48}, number = {}, pages = {151562}, doi = {10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151562}, pmid = {32653819}, issn = {1532-8198}, abstract = {A new viral disease named COVID-19 has recently turned into a pandemic. Compared to a common viral pneumonia it may evolve in an atypical way, causing the rapid death of the patient. For over two centuries, autopsy has been recognized as a fundamental diagnostic technique, particularly for new or little-known diseases. To date, it is often considered obsolete giving the inadequacy to provide samples of a quality appropriate to the sophisticated diagnostic techniques available today. This is probably one of the reasons why during this pandemic autopsies were often requested only in few cases, late and discouraged, if not prohibited, by more than one nation. This is in contrast with our firm conviction: to understand the unknown we must look at it directly and with our own eyes. This has led us to implement an autopsy procedure that allows the beginning of the autopsy shortly after death (within 1-2 h) and its rapid execution, also including sampling for ultrastructural and molecular investigations. In our experience, the tissue sample collected for diagnosis and research were of quality similar to biopsy or surgical resections. This procedure was performed ensuring staff and environmental safety. We want to propose our experience, our main qualitative results and a few general considerations, hoping that they can be an incentive to use autopsy with a new procedure adjusted to match the diagnostic challenges of the third millennium.}, }
@article {pmid32653804, year = {2020}, author = {Viswanathan, S}, title = {Management of Idiopathic CNS inflammatory diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic: Perspectives and strategies for continuity of care from a South East Asian Center with limited resources.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {44}, number = {}, pages = {102353}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2020.102353}, pmid = {32653804}, issn = {2211-0356}, abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic poses a grave health management challenge globally of unprecedented nature. Management of idiopathic Central Nervous system inflammatory disorders (iCNSID) such as Multiple sclerosis, Neuromyelitis optica and its spectrum disorders and related conditions during this pandemic needs to be addressed with affirmative and sustainable strategies in order to prevent disease related risks, medication related complications and possible COVID-19 disease associated effects. Global international iCNSIDs agencies and recent publications are attempting to address this but such guidance is not available in South East Asia. Here we outline prospectively qualitatively and quantitatively novel strategies at a tertiary center in Malaysia catering for neuroimmunological disorders despite modest resources during this pandemic. In this retrospective study with longitudinal follow-up, we describe stratification of patients for face to face versus virtual visits in the absence of formal teleneurology, stratification of patients for treatment according to disease activity, rescheduling, deferring initiation or extending treatment intervals of certain disease modifying therapies(DMT's) or immunosuppressants(IS), especially those producing lymphocyte depletion in MS and the continuation of IS in patients with NMO/NMOSD. Furthermore, we highlight the use off-label treatments such as Intravenous immunoglobulins/rituximab,bridging interferons/Teriflunomide temporarily replacing more potent DMT choices,supply challenges of IS/DMT's and tailoring blood watches and neuroimaging surveillance based on the current health needs to stave off the pandemic and prevent at risk patients with iCNSID/health care workers from possibly being exposed to the COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32653775, year = {2020}, author = {Rodin, G and Zimmermann, C and Rodin, D and Al-Awamer, A and Sullivan, R and Chamberlain, C}, title = {COVID-19, palliative care and public health.}, journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)}, volume = {136}, number = {}, pages = {95-98}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2020.05.023}, pmid = {32653775}, issn = {1879-0852}, abstract = {The lack of integration between public health approaches, cancer care and palliative and end-of-life care in the majority of health systems globally became strikingly evident in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. At the same time, the collapse of the boundaries between these domains imposed by the pandemic created unique opportunities for intersectoral planning and collaboration. While the challenge of integration is not unique to oncology, the organisation of cancer care and its linkages to palliative care and to global health may allow it to be a demonstration model for how the problem of integration can be addressed. Before the pandemic, the large majority of individuals with cancer in need of palliative care in low- and middle-income countries and the poor or marginalised in high-income countries were denied access. This inequity was highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, as individuals in impoverished or population-dense settings with weak health systems have been more likely to become infected and to have less access to medical care and to palliative and end-of-life care. Such inequities deserve attention by government, financial institutions and decision makers in health care. However, there has been no framework in most countries for integrated decision-making that takes into account the requirements of public health, clinical medicine and palliative and end-of-life care. Integrated planning across these domains at all levels would allow for more coordinated resource allocation and better preparedness for the inevitability of future systemic threats to population health.}, }
@article {pmid32653765, year = {2020}, author = {Napoli, C and Tritto, I and Mansueto, G and Coscioni, E and Ambrosio, G}, title = {Immunosenescence exacerbates the COVID-19.}, journal = {Archives of gerontology and geriatrics}, volume = {90}, number = {}, pages = {104174}, doi = {10.1016/j.archger.2020.104174}, pmid = {32653765}, issn = {1872-6976}, }
@article {pmid32653759, year = {2020}, author = {Taboada, M and Vazquez, S and Regueira, J and Cariñena, A and Aneiros, F and Caruezo, V and Naveira, A and Otero, P}, title = {Safe percutaneous dilational tracheostomy in 5 patients with ARDS by Covid-19.}, journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia}, volume = {67}, number = {}, pages = {109977}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109977}, pmid = {32653759}, issn = {1873-4529}, }
@article {pmid32653757, year = {2020}, author = {Serdinšek, M and Stopar Pintarič, T and Poredoš, P and Selič Serdinšek, M and Umek, N}, title = {Evaluation of a foldable barrier enclosure for intubation and extubation procedures adaptable for patients with COVID-19: A mannequin study.}, journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia}, volume = {67}, number = {}, pages = {109979}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109979}, pmid = {32653757}, issn = {1873-4529}, }
@article {pmid32653755, year = {2020}, author = {Tewfik, G and Malapero, R and Gone, E and Babayants, Y}, title = {COVID-19 patients may suffer from proximally displaced endotracheal tubes misdiagnosed as cuff leaks.}, journal = {Journal of clinical anesthesia}, volume = {67}, number = {}, pages = {109982}, doi = {10.1016/j.jclinane.2020.109982}, pmid = {32653755}, issn = {1873-4529}, }
@article {pmid32653736, year = {2020}, author = {Pramod, K and Kotta, S and Jijith, US and Aravind, A and Abu Tahir, M and Manju, CS and Gangadharappa, HV}, title = {Surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19: A possibility.}, journal = {Medical hypotheses}, volume = {143}, number = {}, pages = {110081}, doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110081}, pmid = {32653736}, issn = {1532-2777}, abstract = {Hand hygiene by washing with soap and water is recommended for the prevention of COVID-19 spread. Soaps and detergents are explained to act by damaging viral spike glycoproteins (peplomers) or by washing out the virus through entrapment in the micelles. Technically, soaps come under a functional category of molecules known as surfactants. Surfactants are widely used in pharmaceutical formulations as excipients. We wonder why surfactants are still not tried for prophylaxis or therapy against COVID-19? That too when many of them have proven antiviral properties. Moreover, lung surfactants have already shown benefits in respiratory viral infections. Therefore, we postulate that surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy would be promising. We believe that our hypothesis would stimulate debate or new research exploring the possibility of surfactant-based prophylaxis and therapy against COVID-19. The success of a surfactant-based technique would save the world from any such pandemic in the future too.}, }
@article {pmid32653718, year = {2020}, author = {Chen, H and Huo, J and Fu, Q and Duan, Y and Xiao, H and Chen, J}, title = {Impact of quarantine measures on chemical compositions of PM2.5 during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shanghai, China.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {743}, number = {}, pages = {140758}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140758}, pmid = {32653718}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The COVID-19 epidemic broke out in Wuhan, Hubei in December 2019 and in January 2020 and was later transmitted to the entire country. Quarantine measures during Chinese New Year effectively alleviated the spread of the epidemic, but they simultaneously resulted in a decline in anthropogenic emissions from industry, transportation, and import and export of goods. Herein, we present the major chemical composition of non-refractory PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5) and the concentrations of gaseous pollutants in an urban site in Shanghai before and during the quarantine period of the COVID-19 epidemic, which was Jan. 8-23 and Jan. 24-Feb. 8, respectively. The observed results show that the reduction in PM2.5 can be mainly attributed to decreasing concentrations of nitrate and primary aerosols. Nitrate accounted for 37% of NR-PM2.5 before the quarantine period when there was no emission reduction. During the quarantine period, the nitrate concentration decreased by approximately 60%, which is attributed to a reduction in the NOx concentration. Ammonium, as the main balancing cation, showed an approximately 45% simultaneous decrease in concentration. The concentrations of chloride and hydrocarbon-like organic aerosols from primary emissions also declined due to limited human activities. By contrast, sulphate and oxygenated organic aerosols showed a slight decrease in concentration, with their contributions increasing to 27% and 18%, respectively, during the quarantine period, which resulted in two pollution episodes with PM2.5 exceeding 100 μg/m3. This study provides a better understanding of the impact of quarantine measures on variations of the PM2.5 concentration and chemical compositions. Atmospheric oxidation capacities based on the oxidant (Ox = O3 + NO2) and oxidation ratios have been discussed for elucidating the source and formation of haze in an environment with lower anthropogenic emissions. With increasing contribution of secondary aerosols, lower NOx and nitrate concentrations did not completely avoid haze in Shanghai during the epidemic.}, }
@article {pmid32653701, year = {2020}, author = {Di Maria, F and Beccaloni, E and Bonadonna, L and Cini, C and Confalonieri, E and La Rosa, G and Milana, MR and Testai, E and Scaini, F}, title = {Minimization of spreading of SARS-CoV-2 via household waste produced by subjects affected by COVID-19 or in quarantine.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {743}, number = {}, pages = {140803}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140803}, pmid = {32653701}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {Currently available evidence supports that the predominant route of human-to-human transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 is through respiratory droplets. Indirect hands contact with surfaces contaminated by infectious droplets subsequently touching the mouth, nose or eyes seems to be another route of an indirect contact transmission. Persistence of the virus on different surfaces and other materials has been reported in recent studies: SARS-CoV-2 was more stable on plastic and stainless steel than on copper and cardboard. Viable virus was detected up to 72 h after application to different surfaces, although infectivity decay was also observed. This evidence suggests the likelihood that waste generated from patients affected by COVID-19 or subjects in quarantine treated in private houses or in areas different from hospitals and medical centres could be contaminated by SARS-CoV-2. Consequently, waste streams may represent a route for viral spreading being a potential risk also for the operators directly involved in the different phases of waste management. To address this concern, a specific multidisciplinary working group was settled by the Italian National Institute of Health (ISS) during the COVID-19 emergency, in order to establish guidelines related to solid waste collection, delivering, withdrawal, transport, treatment and disposal. Temporary stop of waste sorting, instructions for the population on how to package waste, instructions for Companies and operators for the adoption of adequate personal protection equipment (PPE), the use and sanitation of proper vehicles were among the main recommendations provided to the community by publications of freely downloadable reports and infographics in layman language. Incineration, sterilization and properly managed landfills were identified as the facilities to be preferentially adopted for the treatment of this kind of waste, considering the main inactivation strategies of SARS-CoV-2 (e.g. treatment length > 9 days and temperature > 70 °C for more than 5 min).}, }
@article {pmid32653662, year = {2020}, author = {Li, W and Su, YY and Zhi, SS and Huang, J and Zhuang, CL and Bai, WZ and Wan, Y and Meng, XR and Zhang, L and Zhou, YB and Luo, YY and Ge, SX and Chen, YK and Ma, Y}, title = {Viral shedding dynamics in asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.008}, pmid = {32653662}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Asymptomatic patients, together with those with mild symptoms of COVID-19, may play an important role in SARS-CoV-2 transmission. However, the dynamics of viral shedding during the various phases of the clinical course of COVID-19 remains unclear at this stage.
METHODS: A total of 18 patients found positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection by real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) assay, and admitted to Chongqing University Central Hospital between Jan 29 and Feb 5 were enrolled in this study. Medical data, pulmonary CT scan images, and RT-PCR results were periodically collected during the patients' hospital stay. All participants were actively followed-up for 2 weeks after discharge.
RESULTS: A total of nine (50%) asymptomatic patients and nine 9 (50%) mildly mild symptom COVID-19 patients were identified on admission. Six (66.7%) asymptomatic patients on admission developed subjective symptoms during hospitalization were recategorized as 'pre-symptomatic'. The median duration of viral shedding was 11.5, 28 and 31 days for pre-symptomatic, asymptomatic and mild symptomatic patients, separately. Seven (38.9%) patients continued to shed virus after hospital discharge. During the convalescent phase, detectable antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 and RNA were simultaneously observed in five (27.8%) patients.
CONCLUSIONS: Long-term viral shedding was presented in patients with mild symptoms and asymptomatic cases, and specific antibody production to SARS-CoV-2 may not guarantee viral clearance after discharge. These observations should be considered when making decisions regarding clinical and public health and strategies for prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32653658, year = {2020}, author = {Liu, A and Wang, W and Zhao, X and Zhou, X and Yang, D and Lu, M and Lv, Y}, title = {Disappearance of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a Covid-19 patient after recovery.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.07.009}, pmid = {32653658}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {A newly identified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiologic agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the world. An understanding of the antibody responses to the viral components is very important for diagnosis and vaccine development. We herein estimated the longevity of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, and reported antibodies disappeared in a moderate COVID-19 patient within 3 months after the onset of the symptoms.}, }
@article {pmid32653650, year = {2020}, author = {Ma, Q and Qiu, M and Zhou, H and Chen, J and Yang, X and Deng, Z and Chen, L and Zhou, J and Liao, Y and Chen, Q and Zheng, Q and Cai, L and Shen, L and Yang, Z}, title = {The study on the treatment of Xuebijing injection (XBJ) in adults with severe or critical Corona Virus Disease 2019 and the inhibitory effect of XBJ against SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Pharmacological research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {105073}, doi = {10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105073}, pmid = {32653650}, issn = {1096-1186}, }
@article {pmid32653649, year = {2020}, author = {Shi, YH and Huang, YF and Wang-Ying, W and Yang, L and Zhou, H and Sang, Z}, title = {Analysis on the Current Quality Standards of Chinese Materia Medica Used in COVID-19 Prevention and Treatment.}, journal = {Pharmacological research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {105074}, doi = {10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105074}, pmid = {32653649}, issn = {1096-1186}, abstract = {PURPOSE: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has fully engaged and played an essential role in the prevention and treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study compares relevant standards on high-frequent Chinese Materia Medicia (CMM) used in this pandemic aiming at reaching a global consensus and ensuring the use of Chinese medicines safely.
METHODS: 141 representative Chinese formulas and Chinese Patent Medicines from the National Protocol and the most of Provincial Protocols for controlling COVID-19 in China have been collected to statistical analyze the composition and characteristics of CMM. Among them, the domestic and international standards of 47 varieties with the frequency usage over 10 times were selected to compare their quality requirements in the mainstream pharmacopeias and international standards.
RESULTS: The quality requirements of used CMM for fighting COVID-19 on the terms of overall quality control, marker compounds, and safety indicators showed different patterns in these mainstream pharmacopoeias and international standards. The uniformed and scientific quality standards of CMM were urgently needed to promote global acceptation and trade.
CONCLUSIONS: These findings will provide evidence for building unified quality and safety standards that can adapt to the characteristics of CMM and promote international trade, and also will be stated that it is of the highest priority for ISO/TC 249 to formulate high-quality standards that consolidate international consensus to ensure quality and safety of the urgently needed CMM.}, }
@article {pmid32653646, year = {2020}, author = {Griffin, JWD}, title = {SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 main protease residue interaction networks change when bound to inhibitor N3.}, journal = {Journal of structural biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107575}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107575}, pmid = {32653646}, issn = {1095-8657}, abstract = {COVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has many similarities with SARS-CoV. Both viruses rely on a protease called the main protease, or Mpro, for replication. Therefore, inhibiting Mpro may be a successful strategy for treating COVID-19. Structures are available in the Protein Data Bank of the main proteases of SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 with and without inhibitor N3. Comparing these structures revealed residue interaction network changes associated with N3 inhibition. Comparing network clustering with and without inhibitor N3 identified the formation of a cluster of residues 17, 18, 30-33, 70, 95, 98, 103, 117, 122, and 177 as a network change in both viral proteases when bound to inhibitor N3. Betweenness and stress centrality differences as well as differences in bond energies and relative B-factors when comparing free Mpro to inhibitor-bound Mpro identified residues 131, 175, 182, and 185 as possibly conformationally relevant when bound to the inhibitor N3. Taken together, these results provide insight into conformational changes of betacoronavirus Mpros when bound to an inhibitor.}, }
@article {pmid32653628, year = {2020}, author = {Das, A}, title = {An approximation-based approach for periodic estimation of effective reproduction number: a tool for decision-making in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak.}, journal = {Public health}, volume = {185}, number = {}, pages = {199-201}, doi = {10.1016/j.puhe.2020.06.047}, pmid = {32653628}, issn = {1476-5616}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The effective reproduction number (R) is a more practical epidemiological parameter than basic reproduction number (R0) for characterization of infectious disease epidemics as it takes into account presence of immune individuals in the population which R0 does not. Periodic assessment of R can inform public health strategies during long-standing epidemics such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation. This is especially relevant for large and resource-poor countries such as India, which may require differential intervention strategies in different regions. However, the complexity of the calculation involved often proves to be a barrier for calculation of R. This communication proposes a simpler data collection and analytical method - involving a combination approach instead of full-fledged primary data collection - to estimate R for public health decision-making.
STUDY DESIGN: Literature review.
METHODS: Data from available sources (time series data of new cases at population level) can be combined with some primary data (time interval between infection of index and secondary cases in family clusters) that can be collected with little resources. These data can then be fed into an approximation-based method (Wallinga and Lipsitch) for R calculation at the state/regional levels. The calculations can be repeated every fortnight using newly available data.
RESULTS: The value of R, estimated using the proposed method, from subsequent periods can be used for assessing the status of the epidemic and values from subsequent periods can be compared for decision-making regarding implementation/modification of control measures.
CONCLUSIONS: The approximate R may be a little inaccurate but can still prove useful for rough estimation of epidemic evolution and for comparison between different periods, as the extent of error in R values across different periods is likely to be similar. Thus, the approximate R may not only be used to estimate the epidemic change in smaller geographies such as states/regions but also used for making appropriate changes to public health measures for managing a pandemic such as COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32653627, year = {2020}, author = {Rolfo, C and Cardona, AF and Ruiz-Patiño, A and Ariza, S and Zatarain-Barron, L and Pino, LE and Viola, L and Russo, A and Rojas, L and Ricaurte, L and Arrieta, O}, title = {Atypical skin manifestations during immune checkpoint blockage in COVID19-infected lung cancer patients.}, journal = {Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtho.2020.06.019}, pmid = {32653627}, issn = {1556-1380}, abstract = {A new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2 by the World Health Organization (WHO), has rapidly spread around the world since its first reported case in late December of 2019 from Wuhan, China. As of mid-April 2020, this virus has affected more than 180 countries and territories, infecting more than 1,650,000 individuals and causing over 100.000 deaths. With ≈20 million new cases per year globally, cancer affects a significant portion of the population. Individuals affected by cancer are more susceptible to infections due to coexisting chronic diseases (cardiovascular, pulmonary and diabetes), overall poor health status, and systemic immunosuppressive states caused by both cancer and anticancer treatments. As a consequence, patients with malignancies, and especially with lung cancer who develop COVID19 experience more difficult outcomes. A recent multicenter study developed by the Hubei Anti-Cancer Association also documented that lung cancer patients had an increased risk of death, ICU requirement, risk of presenting severe or critical symptoms, and use of invasive mechanical ventilation. Here we present two representative cases of patients with lung cancer and COVID19 without respiratory compromise and with atypical and severe skin manifestations, findings that could be influenced by the chronic use of anti-PD1 antibodies.}, }
@article {pmid32653618, year = {2020}, author = {Sharov, KS}, title = {Adaptation of Russian population to SARS-CoV-2: Asymptomatic course, comorbidities, mortality, and other respiratory viruses - A reply to Fear versus Data: Short Communication to International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents.}, journal = {International journal of antimicrobial agents}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {106093}, doi = {10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106093}, pmid = {32653618}, issn = {1872-7913}, abstract = {In the current research, we report results of our studying SARS-CoV-2 spread in Russia and adaptation of Russian population to it in March-June 2020. Two groups of people have been investigated: 1) 12,082 persons already proven positive for SARS-CoV-2 (clinical information is studied); 2) 7,864+4,458 persons with respiratory suspicions (PCR tests and clinical information). In the latter, SARS-CoV-2 positive persons comprised 5.37% in March and 11.42% in June 2020. A number of viral co-infections was observed for SARS-CoV-2. Rhinoviruses accounted for the largest co-infection part (7.91% of samples tested positive for SARS-CoV-2); respiratory syncytial virus 7.03%; adenoviruses 4.84%; metapneumoviruses 3.29%; parainfluenza viruses 2.42%; enterovirus D68 1.10% and some other viruses (entero-, echo-, parecho-) less than 1%. In the group of 12,537 humans, SARS-CoV-2 case fatality rate was determined to be 0.6% on average (in contrast with official Russian governmental statistics that reports 1.5% mortality). It is within range of mortality caused by other common seasonal respiratory viruses (0.01-2.21% in Russia in 2012-2020 range). Most of deaths were of people with other comorbidities, also similar with different respiratory viruses. Proportion of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic carriers was 56.68% in March and 70.67% in June 2020. Obviously, this new pathogen presents a substantial risk to human population, as it was not contained at the very beginning of its outbreak in Wuhan and spread to the whole world. However, measures of its surveillance, prevention and treatment must be strictly evidence-based and not dictated by fear.}, }
@article {pmid32653572, year = {2020}, author = {Paoli, A and Brischigliaro, L and Scquizzato, T and Favaretto, A and Spagna, A}, title = {Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Province of Padua, Northeast Italy.}, journal = {Resuscitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.031}, pmid = {32653572}, issn = {1873-1570}, }
@article {pmid32653568, year = {2020}, author = {Ye, R and Zhou, X and Shao, F and Xiong, L and Hong, J and Huang, H and Tong, W and Wang, J and Chen, S and Cui, A and Peng, C and Zhao, Y and Chen, L}, title = {Feasibility of a 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system for cardiopulmonary assessment of COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Chest}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.068}, pmid = {32653568}, issn = {1931-3543}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Traditional methods for cardiopulmonary assessment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients pose risks to, both, patients and examiners. This necessitates a remote examination of such patients without sacrificing information quality.
RESEARCH QUESTION: Assess the feasibility of a 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system in examining COVID-19 patients and establish an examination protocol for telerobotic ultrasound scanning.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-three COVID-19 patients were included and divided into two groups. Twelve were non-severe cases, and 11 were severe cases. All patients underwent a 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system examination of the lungs and heart following an established protocol. Distribution characteristics and morphology of the lung and surrounding tissue lesions, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), ventricular area ratio, pericardial effusion, and examination-related complications were recorded. Bilateral lung lesions were evaluated by lung ultrasound score (LUS).
RESULTS: The remote ultrasound system successfully and safely performed cardiopulmonary examinations of all patients. Peripheral lung lesions were clearly evaluated. Severe cases had significantly more diseased regions [median (interquartile range), 6.0 (2.0-11.0) vs. 1.0 (0.0-2.8)] and higher LUSs [12.0 (4.0-24.0) vs. 2.0 (0.0-4.0)] than non-severe cases (both, P < 0.05). One non-severe case (8.3%, 95%CI, 1.5% to 35.4%) and three severe cases (27.3%, 95%CI, 9.7% to 56.6%) were complicated by pleural effusions. Four severe cases (36.4%, 95%CI, 15.2% to 64.6%) were complicated by pericardial effusions (vs 0% of non-severe cases, P < 0.05). No patients had significant examination-related complications.
INTERPRETATION: 5G-based robot-assisted remote ultrasound system is feasible, and effectively obtains ultrasound characteristics for cardiopulmonary assessment of COVID-19 patients. By following established protocols and considering medical history, clinical manifestations, and laboratory markers, it might help to evaluate the severity of COVID-19 remotely.}, }
@article {pmid32653566, year = {2020}, author = {Ory, J and Lima, TFN and Towe, M and Frech, FS and Best, JC and Kava, BR and Ramasamy, R}, title = {Understanding The Complex Relationship Between Androgens and SARS-CoV2.}, journal = {Urology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.urology.2020.06.048}, pmid = {32653566}, issn = {1527-9995}, }
@article {pmid32653550, year = {2020}, author = {Bendjelid, K and Giraud, R and Düring, SV}, title = {Treating hypoxemic COVID-19 "ARDS" patients with almitrine: The earlier the better?.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.003}, pmid = {32653550}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32653546, year = {2020}, author = {Sirohiya, P and Ratre, B}, title = {COVID-19 pandemic and limited palliative care response: "Lack of comfort care".}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32653546}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32653530, year = {2020}, author = {Wang, JJ and Edin, ML and Zeldin, DC and Li, C and Wang, DW and Chen, C}, title = {Good or bad: Application of RAAS inhibitors in COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular comorbidities.}, journal = {Pharmacology & therapeutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107628}, doi = {10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107628}, pmid = {32653530}, issn = {1879-016X}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a newly emerged coronavirus (CoV) called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities have significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 blockers (ARBs) improve CVD outcomes; however, there is concern that they may worsen the prognosis of CVD patients that become infected with SARS-CoV-2 because the virus uses the ACE2 receptor to bind to and subsequently infect host cells. Thus, some health care providers and media sources have questioned the continued use of ACE inhibitors and ARBs. In this brief review, we discuss the effect of ACE inhibitor-induced bradykinin on the cardiovascular system, on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) regulation in COVID-19 patients, and analyze recent clinical studies regarding patients treated with RAAS inhibitors. We propose that the application of RAAS inhibitors for COVID-19 patients with CVDs may be beneficial rather than harmful.}, }
@article {pmid32653526, year = {2020}, author = {Kapoor, A and Pandurangi, U and Arora, V and Gupta, A and Jaswal, A and Nabar, A and Naik, A and Naik, N and Namboodiri Kk, N and Vora, A and Yadav, R and Saxena, A}, title = {Reply to letters vide manuscript ID IPEJ-D-20-00072, and IPEJ-D-20-00073 regarding our paper "Cardiovascular risks of hydroxychloroquine in treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 patients: A scientific statement from the Indian Heart Rhythm Societyˮ.}, journal = {Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ipej.2020.06.007}, pmid = {32653526}, issn = {0972-6292}, }
@article {pmid32653522, year = {2020}, author = {Behl, T and Kaur, I and Bungau, S and Kumar, A and Uddin, MS and Kumar, C and Pal, G and Sahil, and Shrivastava, K and Zengin, G and Arora, S}, title = {The dual impact of ACE2 in COVID-19 and ironical actions in geriatrics and pediatrics with possible therapeutic solutions.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {118075}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118075}, pmid = {32653522}, issn = {1879-0631}, abstract = {The novel corona virus disease has shaken the entire world with its deadly effects and rapid transmission rates, posing a significant challenge to the healthcare authorities to develop suitable therapeutic solution to save lives on earth. The review aims to grab the attention of the researchers all over the globe, towards the role of ACE2 in COVID-19 disease. ACE2 serves as a molecular target for the SARS-CoV-2, to enter the target cell, by interacting with the viral glycoprotein spikes. However, the complexity began when numerous studies identified the protective response of ACE2 in abbreviating the harmful effects of vasoconstrictor, anti-inflammatory peptide, angiotensin 2, by mediating its conversion to angiotensin-(1-7), which exercised antagonistic actions to angiotensin 2. Furthermore, certain investigations revealed greater resistance among children as compared to the geriatrics, towards COVID-19 infection, despite the elevated expression of ACE2 in pediatric population. Based upon such evidences, the review demonstrated possible therapeutic interventions, targeting both the protective and deleterious effects of ACE2 in COVID-19 disease, primarily inhibiting ACE2-virus interactions or administering soluble ACE2. Thus, the authors aim to provide an opportunity for the researchers to consider RAAS system to be a significant element in development of suitable treatment regime for COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32653520, year = {2020}, author = {Bharadwaj, S and Lee, KE and Dwivedi, VD and Kang, SG}, title = {Computational insights into tetracyclines as inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro via combinatorial molecular simulation calculations.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {118080}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118080}, pmid = {32653520}, issn = {1879-0631}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic raised by SARS-CoV-2 is a public health emergency. However, lack of antiviral drugs and vaccine against human coronaviruses demands a concerted approach to challenge the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Under limited resource and urgency, combinatorial computational approaches to identify the potential inhibitor from known drugs could be applied against risen COVID-19 pandemic. Thereof, this study attempted to purpose the potent inhibitors from the approved drug pool against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). To circumvent the issue of lead compound from available drugs as antivirals, antibiotics with broad spectrum of viral activity, i.e. doxycycline, tetracycline, demeclocycline, and minocycline were chosen for molecular simulation analysis against native ligand N3 inhibitor in SARS-CoV-2 Mpro crystal structure. Molecular docking simulation predicted the docking score >-7 kcal/mol with significant intermolecular interaction at the catalytic dyad (His41 and Cys145) and other essential substrate binding residues of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. The best ligand conformations were further studied for complex stability and intermolecular interaction profiling with respect to time under 100 ns classical molecular dynamics simulation, established the significant stability and interactions of selected antibiotics by comparison to N3 inhibitor. Based on combinatorial molecular simulation analysis, doxycycline and minocycline were selected as potent inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro which can used in combinational therapy against SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32653518, year = {2020}, author = {Hajivalili, M and Hosseini, M and Haji-Fatahaliha, M}, title = {Gaining insights on immune responses to the novel coronavirus, COVID-19 and therapeutic challenges.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {118058}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118058}, pmid = {32653518}, issn = {1879-0631}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is a new member of coronaviruses that its sudden spreading put the health care system of most countries in a tremendous shock. For controlling of the new infection, COVID-19, many efforts have been done and are ongoing to defeat this virus in the combat field. In this review, we focused on how the immune system behaves toward the virus and the relative possible consequences during their interactions. Then the therapeutic steps and potential vaccine candidates have been described in a hope to provide a better prospective of effective treatment and preventive strategies to the novel SARS-CoV in near future.}, }
@article {pmid32653511, year = {2020}, author = {Rogero, MM and Leão, MC and Santana, TM and Pimentel, MVMB and Carlini, GCG and da Silveira, TFF and Gonçalves, RC and Castro, IA}, title = {Potential benefits and risks of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation to patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Free radical biology & medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.005}, pmid = {32653511}, issn = {1873-4596}, abstract = {Studies have shown that infection, excessive coagulation, cytokine storm, leukopenia, lymphopenia, hypoxemia and oxidative stress have also been observed in critically ill Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) patients in addition to the onset symptoms. There are still no approved drugs or vaccines. Dietary supplements could possibly improve the patient's recovery. Omega-3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), present an anti-inflammatory effect that could ameliorate some patients need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. EPA and DHA replace arachidonic acid (ARA) in the phospholipid membranes. When oxidized by enzymes, EPA and DHA contribute to the synthesis of less inflammatory eicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs), such as resolvins, maresins and protectins. This reduces inflammation. In contrast, some studies have reported that EPA and DHA can make cell membranes more susceptible to non-enzymatic oxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species, leading to the formation of potentially toxic oxidation products and increasing the oxidative stress. Although the inflammatory resolution improved by EPA and DHA could contribute to the recovery of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation cannot be recommended before randomized and controlled trials are carried out.}, }
@article {pmid32653497, year = {2020}, author = {Vuorio, A and Kovanen, PT}, title = {Prevention of endothelial dysfunction and thrombotic events in COVID-19 patients with familial hypercholesterolemia.}, journal = {Journal of clinical lipidology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacl.2020.06.006}, pmid = {32653497}, issn = {1933-2874}, }
@article {pmid32653486, year = {2020}, author = {Hu, X and Chen, D and Wu, L and He, G and Ye, W}, title = {Declined serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol is associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.015}, pmid = {32653486}, issn = {1873-3492}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 infection is epidemic worldwide. We describe the serum lipid profile of the patients with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, we collected the first clinical laboratory data of 114 patients on admission, and 80 healthy controls. Meanwhile, we monitored the serum lipid profile, COVID-19 nucleic acid and chest CT scan of a severe patient from the early stage of infection to the recovery period for a total of 80 days.
RESULTS: Compared with the healthy controls, the patients had sharply decreased concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (P<0.001). Among the patients, HDL-cholesterol concentration in severe groups was significantly lower than the common groups [1.01 (0.88-1.20) vs 1.21 (1.02-1.48) mmol/l, P<0.001]. The lipid profile of a severe patient showed that serum cholesterol concentration significantly decreased in the early stage and returned to be normal in the recovery period. Moreover, the change of HDL-cholesterol in this patient was consistent with the results of nucleic acid tests and chest CT scans. In correlation analysis, HDL-cholesterol concentration was negatively correlated with C-reactive protein (CRP, r=-0.396, P<0.001) and positively correlated with lymphocytes (r=0.336, P<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of HDL-cholesterol was 0.732 (P<0.001), and, the adjusted odd ratio (OR) of HDL-cholesterol was 0.023 (95% CI 0.002-0.227).
CONCLUSIONS: Decreased serum HDL-cholesterol is associated with the severity of COVID-19 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32653483, year = {2020}, author = {Panda, AK and Padhi, A and Prusty, BAK}, title = {CCR5 Δ32 minorallele is associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and death: An epidemiological investigation.}, journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.012}, pmid = {32653483}, issn = {1873-3492}, }
@article {pmid32653479, year = {2020}, author = {Gao, Z and Ying, S and Liu, J and Zhang, H and Li, J and Ma, C}, title = {A cross-sectional study: Comparing the attitude and knowledge of medical and non-medical students toward 2019 novel coronavirus.}, journal = {Journal of infection and public health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.031}, pmid = {32653479}, issn = {1876-035X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Since December 2019, the rapid epidemic spread of COVID-19 in China has aroused the attention of the government and the public. The purpose of this study is to investigate the attitude and knowledge among medical students and non-medical students toward SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS: A web-based survey was disseminated to the students from medical colleges and comprehensive universities via the survey website (www.wjx.cn) and via WeChat. Participation in the study was voluntary with the instruction to click on the website or scan the QR code to complete the anonymous electronic questionnaire from February 5 to 7, 2020.
RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 588 students from 20 colleges and universities in China. Of the respondents, 66.0% were medical students and 34.0% were non-medical students. 99.6 % of the students held an optimistic attitude toward the COVID-19 epidemic situation. The majority of participants had a good level of knowledge of common symptoms, transmission, and prevention of the disease. In a comparison between non-medical students with medical students, the medical students had a deeper understanding of COVID-19. In this study, we also found that female students had a better understanding of transmission and prevention than male students did.
CONCLUSIONS: The majority of students who participated in the questionnaire had a positive attitude and a good perception about COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32653477, year = {2020}, author = {Dao, TL and Nguyen, TD and Hoang, VT}, title = {Controlling the COVID-19 pandemic: Useful lessons from Vietnam.}, journal = {Travel medicine and infectious disease}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101822}, doi = {10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101822}, pmid = {32653477}, issn = {1873-0442}, }
@article {pmid32653475, year = {2020}, author = {Sehrawat, S and Rouse, BT}, title = {Opinion: Does the hygiene hypothesis apply to COVID-19 susceptibility?.}, journal = {Microbes and infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.micinf.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32653475}, issn = {1769-714X}, abstract = {In this commentary we argue that the hygiene hypothesis may apply to COVID-19 susceptibility and also that residence in low hygienic conditions acts to train innate immune defenses to minimize the severity of infection. We advocate that approaches, which elevate innate immune functions, should be used to minimize the consequences of COVID-19 infection at least until effective vaccines and antiviral therapies are developed.}, }
@article {pmid32653470, year = {2020}, author = {Nunoo-Mensah, JW and Rizk, M and Caushaj, PF and Giordano, P and Fortunato, R and Dulskas, A and Bugra, D and da Costa Pereira, JM and Escalante, R and Koda, K and Samalavicius, NE and Maeda, K and Chun, HK and , }, title = {COVID-19 and the Global Impact on Colorectal Practice and Surgery.}, journal = {Clinical colorectal cancer}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.clcc.2020.05.011}, pmid = {32653470}, issn = {1938-0674}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus that emerged in December 2019 causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to the sudden national reorganization of health care systems and changes in the delivery of health care globally. The purpose of our study was to use a survey to assess the global effects of COVID-19 on colorectal practice and surgery.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A panel of International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ISUCRS) selected 22 questions, which were included in the questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed electronically to ISUCRS fellows and other surgeons included in the ISUCRS database and was advertised on social media sites. The questionnaire remained open from April 16 to 28, 2020.
RESULTS: A total of 287 surgeons completed the survey. Of the 287 respondents, 90% were colorectal specialists or general surgeons with an interest in colorectal disease. COVID-19 had affected the practice of 96% of the surgeons, and 52% were now using telemedicine. Also, 66% reported that elective colorectal cancer surgery could proceed but with perioperative precautions. Of the 287 respondents, 19.5% reported that the use of personal protective equipment was the most important perioperative precaution. However, personal protective equipment was only provided by 9.1% of hospitals. In addition, 64% of surgeons were offering minimally invasive surgery. However, 44% reported that enough information was not available regarding the safety of the loss of intra-abdominal carbon dioxide gas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, 61% of the surgeons were prepared to defer elective colorectal cancer surgery, with 29% willing to defer for ≤ 8 weeks.
CONCLUSION: The results from our survey have demonstrated that, globally, COVID-19 has affected the ability of colorectal surgeons to offer care to their patients. We have also discussed suggestions for various practical adaptation strategies for use during the recovery period.}, }
@article {pmid32653469, year = {2020}, author = {Mitchell, WB}, title = {Thromboinflammation in COVID-19 acute lung injury.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.004}, pmid = {32653469}, issn = {1526-0550}, abstract = {Since the initial description in 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 infection (COVID-19) pandemic has swept the globe. The most severe form of the disease presents with fever and shortness of breath, which rapidly deteriorates to respiratory failure and acute lung injury (ALI). COVID-19 also presents with a severe coagulopathy with a high rate of venous thromboembiolism. In addition, autopsy studies have revealed co-localized thrombosis and inflammation, which is the signature of thromboinflammation, within the pulmonary capillary vasculature. While the majority of published data is on adult patients, there are parallels to pediatric patients. In our experience as a COVID-19 epicenter, children and young adults do develop both the coagulopathy and the ALI of COVID-19. This review will discuss COVID-19 ALI from a hematological perspective with discussion of the distinct aspects of coagulation that are apparent in COVID-19. Current and potential interventions targeting the multiple thromboinflammatory mechanisms will be discussed.}, }
@article {pmid32653468, year = {2020}, author = {Wijesooriya, NR and Mishra, V and Brand, PLP and Rubin, BK}, title = {COVID-19 and telehealth, education, and research adaptations.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.009}, pmid = {32653468}, issn = {1526-0550}, abstract = {For decades, there have been government funded services to provide healthcare telephonically to remote sites both on the earth and in the air. This capability has evolved into what we now know as telehealth. The use of telehealth dramatically accelerated as a result of concerns for patient and healthcare provider safety during the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. Similarly, concerns regarding transmission of infection have required medical schools to provide robust, easily accessible virtual education options. At short notice, faculties have had to develop new telehealth focused curriculum components. However, telehealth, online education, and internet enabled research should not be simply a new way to do traditional jobs but rather, an opportunity to take advantage of how technology can best be used to develop new and better ways to provide care, educate health care providers, and support research.}, }
@article {pmid32653463, year = {2020}, author = {Koirala, A and Joo, YJ and Khatami, A and Chiu, C and Britton, PN}, title = {Vaccines for COVID-19: The current state of play.}, journal = {Paediatric respiratory reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.prrv.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32653463}, issn = {1526-0550}, abstract = {There is a strong consensus globally that a COVID-19 vaccine is likely the most effective approach to sustainably controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. An unprecedented research effort and global coordination has resulted in a rapid development of vaccine candidates and initiation of trials. Here, we review vaccine types, and progress with 10 vaccine candidates against SARS-CoV-2 - the virus that causes COVID-19 - currently undergoing early phase human trials. We also consider the many challenges of developing and deploying a new vaccine on a global scale, and recommend caution with respect to our expectations of the timeline that may be ahead.}, }
@article {pmid32653452, year = {2020}, author = {Kim, SY and Jin, W and Sood, A and Montgomery, DW and Grant, OC and Fuster, MM and Fu, L and Dordick, JS and Woods, RJ and Zhang, F and Linhardt, RJ}, title = {Characterization of heparin and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein binding interactions.}, journal = {Antiviral research}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {104873}, doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104873}, pmid = {32653452}, issn = {1872-9096}, abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in a pandemic and continues to spread around the globe at an unprecedented rate. To date, no effective therapeutic is available to fight its associated disease, COVID-19. Our discovery of a novel insertion of glycosaminoglycan (GAG)-binding motif at S1/S2 proteolytic cleavage site (681-686 (PRRARS)) and two other GAG-binding-like motifs within SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (SGP) led us to hypothesize that host cell surface GAGs may interact SARS-CoV-2 SGPs to facilitate host cell entry. Using a surface plasmon resonance direct binding assay, we found that both monomeric and trimeric SARS-CoV-2 spike bind more tightly to immobilized heparin (KD = 40 pM and 73 pM, respectively) than the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV SGPs (500 nM and 1 nM, respectively). In competitive binding studies, the IC50 of heparin, tri-sulfated non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate, and non-anticoagulant low molecular weight heparin against SARS-CoV-2 SGP binding to immobilized heparin were 0.056 μM, 0.12 μM, and 26.4 μM, respectively. Finally, unbiased computational ligand docking indicates that heparan sulfate interacts with the GAG-binding motif at the S1/S2 site on each monomer interface in the trimeric SARS-CoV-2 SGP, and at another site (453-459 (YRLFRKS)) when the receptor-binding domain is in an open conformation. The current study serves a foundation to further investigate biological roles of GAGs in SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Furthermore, our findings may provide additional basis for further heparin-based interventions for COVID-19 patients exhibiting thrombotic complications.}, }
@article {pmid32653438, year = {2020}, author = {Huizar, MI and Arena, R and Laddu, DR}, title = {The global food syndemic: The impact of food insecurity, Malnutrition and obesity on the healthspan amid the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Progress in cardiovascular diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32653438}, issn = {1873-1740}, }
@article {pmid32653432, year = {2020}, author = {Zorko, DJ and Gertsman, S and O'Hearn, K and Timmerman, N and Ambu-Ali, N and Dinh, T and Sampson, M and Sikora, L and McNally, JD and Choong, K}, title = {DECONTAMINATION INTERVENTIONS FOR THE REUSE OF SURGICAL MASK PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW.}, journal = {The Journal of hospital infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.007}, pmid = {32653432}, issn = {1532-2939}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The high demand for personal protective equipment during the novel coronavirus outbreak has prompted the need to develop strategies to conserve supply. Little is known regarding decontamination interventions to allow for surgical mask reuse.
AIM: Identify and synthesize data from original research evaluating interventions to decontaminate surgical masks for the purpose of reuse.
METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Global Health, the WHO COVID-19 database, Google Scholar, DisasterLit, preprint servers, and prominent journals from inception to April 8, 2020 for prospective original research on decontamination interventions for surgical masks. Citation screening was conducted independently in duplicate. Study characteristics, interventions, and outcomes were extracted from included studies by two independent reviewers. Outcomes of interest included impact of decontamination interventions on surgical mask performance and germicidal effects.
FINDINGS: Seven studies met eligibility criteria: one evaluated the effects of heat and chemical interventions applied after mask use on mask performance, and six evaluated interventions applied prior to mask use to enhance antimicrobial properties and/or mask performance. Mask performance and germicidal effects were evaluated with heterogenous test conditions. Safety outcomes were infrequently evaluated. Mask performance was best preserved with dry heat decontamination. Good germicidal effects were observed in salt-, N-halamine-, and nanoparticle-coated masks.
CONCLUSION: There is limited evidence on the safety or efficacy of surgical mask decontamination. Given the heterogenous methods used in studies to date, we are unable to draw conclusions on the most efficacious and safe intervention for decontaminating surgical masks.}, }
@article {pmid32653425, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, VG and Zhong, X and Liaw, B and Tremblay, D and Tsao, CK and Galsky, MD and Oh, WK}, title = {Does androgen deprivation therapy protect against severe complications from COVID-19?.}, journal = {Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.annonc.2020.06.023}, pmid = {32653425}, issn = {1569-8041}, }
@article {pmid32653423, year = {2020}, author = {Shang, J and Wang, Q and Zhang, H and Wang, X and Wan, J and Yan, Y and Gao, Y and Cheng, J and Li, Z and Lin, J}, title = {The Relationship between Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 Prognosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Wuhan, China.}, journal = {The American journal of medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.05.033}, pmid = {32653423}, issn = {1555-7162}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging infectious disease, first appeared in Wuhan, China, and quickly spread throughout the world. We aimed to understand the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the prognosis of COVID-19.
METHODS: Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, treatments, complications, and clinical outcomes data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between diabetes (n=84) and non-diabetes (n=500) groups. Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox analysis were applied to determine the risk factors for the prognosis of COVID-19.
RESULTS: Compared to non-diabetic patients, diabetic patients had higher levels of neutrophils (p = 0.014), c-reactive protein (p = 0.008), procalcitonin (p < 0.01), and D-dimer (p = 0.033), and lower levels of lymphocytes (p = 0.032) and albumin (p = 0.035). Furthermore, diabetic patients had a significant higher incidence of bilateral pneumonia (86.9%, p = 0.020). In terms of complications and clinical outcomes, the incidence of respiratory failure (36.9% vs. 24.2%, p = 0.022), acute cardiac injury (47.4% vs. 21.2%, p < 0.01) and death (20.2% vs. 8.0%, p = 0.001) in the diabetes group was significantly higher than that in non-diabetes group. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a shorter overall survival time. Multivariate Cox analysis indicated that diabetes (HR 2.180, p = 0.031) was an independent risk factor for COVID-19 prognosis. In subgroup analysis, we divided diabetic patients into insulin required and non-insulin required groups according to whether they needed insulin, and found that diabetic patients requiring insulin may have a higher risk of disease progression and worse prognosis after the infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
CONCLUSIONS: Diabetes is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of COVID-19. More attention should be paid to the prevention and treatment for diabetic patients, especially those who require insulin therapy.}, }
@article {pmid32653420, year = {2020}, author = {Massoomi, MR and Anderson, RD and Ahmed, MM and Dasa, O and George, P and Miles, WM and Aranda, JM and Pepine, CJ}, title = {Cardiovascular Considerations for the Internist and Hospitalist in the COVID-19 Era.}, journal = {The American journal of medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.06.005}, pmid = {32653420}, issn = {1555-7162}, abstract = {It is clear that existing cardiovascular disease is a major risk factor for COVID-19 and related adverse outcomes. In addition to acute respiratory syndrome, a large cohort also develop myocardial and/or vascular dysfunction, in part from inflammation and renin angiotensin system activation with increased sympathetic outflow, cardiac arrhythmias, ischemia, heart failure, and thromboembolic complications that portend poor COVID-19 outcomes. We summarize here recent information for hospitalists/internists on the front-line of this pandemic regarding its cardiovascular impacts and management and need for cardiovascular consultation.}, }
@article {pmid32653391, year = {2020}, author = {Schiavi, MC and Spina, V and Zullo, MA and Colagiovanni, V and Luffarelli, P and Rago, R and Palazzetti, P}, title = {Love in the Time of COVID-19: Sexual Function and Quality of Life Analysis During the Social Distancing Measures in a Group of Italian Reproductive-Age Women.}, journal = {The journal of sexual medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.06.006}, pmid = {32653391}, issn = {1743-6109}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The beginning of 2020 was characterized by the COVID-19 pandemic. The world governments have adopted restrictive measures to reduce the spread of infection. These measures could affect the sexual function and quality of life of women living with their partner.
AIM: The aim is to assess the impact of the social distancing measures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual function and quality of life of noninfected reproductive-age women, living with their sexual partner.
METHODS: Observational analysis on sexually active women, living with their partner, and without COVID-19 infection was performed. The population previously answered FSFI, FSDS, and SF-36 questionnaires. 4 weeks after the introduction of the restrictive measures, these women were invited to complete the same questionnaires by e-mail for an evaluation during the COVID-19 outbreak.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary endpoint was the assessment of the women's sex function change during the social restriction period, by analyzing the FSFI and FSDS questionnaires. The secondary endpoint was the evaluation of the impact on the quality of life calculated by the SF-36 questionnaire.
RESULTS: 89 patients were considered. The median age was 39 (28-50) years. Mean sexual intercourses/month decreased from 6.3 ± 1.9 to 2.3 ± 1.8, mean difference: -3.9 ± 1.2. FSFI decreased significantly (29.2 ± 4.2 vs 19.2 ± 3.3, mean difference: -9.7 ± 2.6) and FSDS increased significantly (9.3 ± 5.5 vs 20.1 ± 5.2, mean difference: 10.8 ± 3.4). The SF-36 showed a significant change from 82.2 ± 10.2 to 64.2 ± 11.8 4 weeks after the introduction of the restrictive measures; mean difference: -17.8 ± 6.7. The univariable analysis identified working outside the home, university educational level, and parity ≥1 as predictive factors of lower FSFI. In multivariable analysis, working outside the home and combination of working outside the home + university educational level + parity ≥1 were the independent factors of a lower FSFI.
CLINICAL IMPLICATION: The negative impact of the COVID-19 epidemic period on sexual function and quality of life in women shows how acute stress might affect the psychological state. Thus, psychological or sexual support could be useful.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first that analyzes the change in sexual activity in women during the COVID-19 outbreak period. The limitations were the low number of the analyzed participants, psychological tests were not included, and no data were collected on masturbation, self-heroism, solitary, and nonpenetrative sex.
CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 epidemic and the restrictive social distancing measures have negatively influenced the sexual function and quality of life in not-infected reproductive-age women who live with their sexual partners. Schiavi MC, Spina V, Zullo MA, et al. Love in the Time of COVID-19: Sexual Function and Quality of Life Analysis During the Social Distancing Measures in a Group of Italian Reproductive-Age Women. J Sex Med 2020;XX:XXX-XXX.}, }
@article {pmid32653383, year = {2020}, author = {Manabe, T and Akatsu, H and Kotani, K and Kudo, K}, title = {Trends in clinical features of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published from December 2019 to February 2020.}, journal = {Respiratory investigation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.resinv.2020.05.005}, pmid = {32653383}, issn = {2212-5353}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) emerged, various clinical features of COVID-19 have been reported.
METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of published studies reporting the clinical features of COVID-19. Two investigators independently searched PubMed (December 2019-February 2020) for eligible articles. A meta-analysis was performed to measure the frequencies of clinical outcomes and symptoms of COVID-19. A stratified analysis was conducted according to the timeline of outbreak and exposure histories: Group I, most patients were exposed to the Hunan seafood wholesale market and lived in Wuhan, Hubei province; Group II, patients lived in Hubei province but were not directly exposed to the market; and Group III, patients lived outside Hubei.
RESULTS: Thirteen studies, all from China, were eligible. The estimated mortality rate among all studies was 2.12%, but that in Group I was 8.66%. The incidence of acute respiratory distress syndrome in Group I was 20.00%. Both fever and cough were major symptoms, and their frequencies were higher in Group I than in Groups II and III, while the frequency of diarrhea in Group I was lower than that in Group III. The estimated frequency of dyspnea in Group I was 37.18%, while those in Groups II and III were 16.95% and 7.03%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: The trends in the clinical features of COVID-19 changed from December 2019 to February 2020. During this observation period, as the infection continued to spread, the clinical conditions for majority of patients became less severe with the changes in the route of transmission.}, }
@article {pmid32653361, year = {2020}, author = {Marudi, A and Branchetti, G and Bertellini, E}, title = {Permissive apnea in CoVid 19 Tracheostomy: alternative healthworkers safe procedure in Intensive Care Unit.}, journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.06.011}, pmid = {32653361}, issn = {1552-6259}, }
@article {pmid32653360, year = {2020}, author = {Folesani, G and Botta, L and Pacini, D}, title = {Cardiac surgery model during COVID-19 pandemic: now it's time to ramp up.}, journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32653360}, issn = {1552-6259}, }
@article {pmid32653358, year = {2020}, author = {Tan Chor Lip, H and Huei, TJ and Mohamad, Y and Alwi, RI and Tuan Mat, TNA}, title = {Critical adjustments and trauma surgery trends in adaptation to COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia.}, journal = {Chinese journal of traumatology = Zhonghua chuang shang za zhi}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.05.007}, pmid = {32653358}, issn = {1008-1275}, abstract = {Malaysia has one of the highest total numbers of COVID-19 infections amongst the Southeast Asian nations, which led to the enforcements of the Malaysian "Movement Control Order" to prohibit disease transmission. The overwhelming increasing amount of infections has led to a major strain on major healthcare services. This leads to shortages in hospital beds, ventilators and critical personnel protective equipment. This article focuses on the critical adaptations from a general surgery department in Malaysia which is part of a Malaysian tertiary hospital that treats COVID-19 cases. The core highlights of these strategies enforced during this pandemic are: (1) surgery ward and clinic decongestions; (2) deferment of elective surgeries; (3) restructuring of medical personnel work force; (4) utilization of online applications for tele-communication; (5) operating room (OR) adjustments and patient screening; and (6) continuing medical education and updating practices in context to COVID-19. These adaptations were important for the continuation of emergency surgery services, preventing transmission of COVID-19 amongst healthcare workers and optimization of medical personnel work force in times of a global pandemic. In addition, an early analysis on the impact of COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures in Malaysia towards the reduction in total number of elective/emergent/trauma surgeries performed is described in this article.}, }
@article {pmid32653344, year = {2020}, author = {Irabien-Ortiz, Á and Carreras-Mora, J and Sionis, A and Tauron, M}, title = {Fulminant myocarditis and COVID-19. Response.}, journal = {Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.rec.2020.06.012}, pmid = {32653344}, issn = {1885-5857}, }
@article {pmid32653319, year = {2020}, author = {Schuh Teixeira, AL and Spadini, AV and Pereira-Sanchez, V and Ojeahere, MI and Morimoto, K and Chang, A and de Filippis, R and Soler-Vidal, J}, title = {The urge to implement and expand telepsychiatry during the COVID-19 crisis: Early career psychiatrists' perspective.}, journal = {Revista de psiquiatria y salud mental}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.rpsm.2020.06.001}, pmid = {32653319}, issn = {1989-4600}, }
@article {pmid32653316, year = {2020}, author = {Pastor Jimeno, JC}, title = {Psychological effects of COVID-19.}, journal = {Archivos de la Sociedad Espanola de Oftalmologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.oftal.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32653316}, issn = {1989-7286}, }
@article {pmid32653307, year = {2020}, author = {Block, MS and Rowan, BG}, title = {Hypochlorous Acid: A Review.}, journal = {Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.joms.2020.06.029}, pmid = {32653307}, issn = {1531-5053}, abstract = {The surgeon needs to have an inexpensive, available, nontoxic, and practical disinfectant that is effective in sanitizing against the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) virus. The purpose of this article was to review the evidence for using hypochlorous acid in the office setting on a daily basis. The method used to assemble recommendations was a review of the literature including evidence for this solution when used in different locations and industries other than the oral-maxillofacial clinic facility. The results indicate that this material can be used with a high predictability for disinfecting against the COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) virus.}, }
@article {pmid32653299, year = {2020}, author = {Adikari, DH and Kushwaha, VV and Jepson, NS}, title = {Collateral Damage: The Cardiovascular Cost of Suppressing COVID-19 Transmission in Australia.}, journal = {Heart, lung & circulation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.hlc.2020.06.008}, pmid = {32653299}, issn = {1444-2892}, }
@article {pmid32653278, year = {2020}, author = {Lau, C and Gaudino, M}, title = {Commentary: Fool me once, shame on you, fool me twice, shame on me-preparing for acute aortic emergencies and the next wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.06.055}, pmid = {32653278}, issn = {1097-685X}, }
@article {pmid32653276, year = {2020}, author = {Kochhar, S and Kim, D and Excler, JL and Condit, RC and Robertson, JS and Drew, S and Whelan, M and Wood, D and Fast, PE and Gurwith, M and Klug, B and Khuri-Bulos, N and Smith, ER and Chen, RT and , }, title = {The Brighton Collaboration standardized template for collection of key information for benefit-risk assessment of protein vaccines.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.044}, pmid = {32653276}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {Several protein vaccine candidates are among the COVID-19 vaccines in development. The Brighton Collaboration Viral Vector Vaccines Safety Working Group (V3SWG) has prepared a standardized template to describe the key considerations for the benefit-risk assessment of protein vaccines. This will help key stakeholders to assess potential safety issues and understand the benefit-risk of such a vaccine platform. The structured and standardized assessment provided by the template would also help contribute to improved public acceptance and communication of licensed protein vaccines.}, }
@article {pmid32653268, year = {2020}, author = {Hu, C and Wang, G and Zhou, D and Wang, W and Qin, Z and Wang, Y and Chen, J and Liu, H and Li, Q and Huang, D}, title = {The Anesthetic Management of the First Lung Transplant for a Patient with COVID-19 Respiratory Failure.}, journal = {Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1053/j.jvca.2020.06.011}, pmid = {32653268}, issn = {1532-8422}, }
@article {pmid32653253, year = {2020}, author = {Ho, KS and Narasimhan, B and Kumar, A and Flynn, E and Salonia, J and El-Hachem, K and Mathew, JP}, title = {Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone as the initial presentation of COVID-19: A novel case report.}, journal = {Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.nefro.2020.05.004}, pmid = {32653253}, issn = {1989-2284}, }
@article {pmid32653237, year = {2020}, author = {Serrano-Martínez, JL and Machado-Casas, JF and Redondo-Orts, M and Manzano-Manzano, F and Castaño-Pérez, J and Pérez-Villares, JM}, title = {Characteristics and results of a series of 59 patients with severe pneumonia due to COVID-19 admitted in the ICU.}, journal = {Medicina intensiva}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medin.2020.06.004}, pmid = {32653237}, issn = {1578-6749}, }
@article {pmid32653236, year = {2020}, author = {Carrasco, G and Morillas, J and Calizaya, M and Baeza, I and Molina, R and Meije, Y}, title = {ICU decision making based on Living Systematic Review strategy during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results of a prospective case serie.}, journal = {Medicina intensiva}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medin.2020.06.001}, pmid = {32653236}, issn = {1578-6749}, }
@article {pmid32653231, year = {2020}, author = {Carbone, IF and D'Ambrosi, F and Saccone, G}, title = {Reply to correspondence: Vaginal delivery in a woman infected with SARS-CoV-2 - The first case reported in Portugal.}, journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.07.009}, pmid = {32653231}, issn = {1872-7654}, }
@article {pmid32653224, year = {2020}, author = {Sharma, AR and Batra, G and Kumar, M and Mishra, A and Singla, R and Singh, A and Singh, RS and Medhi, B}, title = {BCG as a game-changer to prevent the infection and severity of COVID-19 pandemic?.}, journal = {Allergologia et immunopathologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.aller.2020.05.002}, pmid = {32653224}, issn = {1578-1267}, abstract = {The impact of COVID-19 is changing with country wise and depend on universal immunization policies. COVID-19 badly affects countries that did not have universal immunization policies or having them only for the selective population of countries (highly prominent population) like Italy, USA, UK, Netherland, etc. Universal immunization of BCG can provide great protection against the COVID-19 infection because the BCG vaccine gives broad protection against respiratory infections. BCG vaccine induces expressions of the gene that are involved in the antiviral innate immune response against viral infections with long-term maintenance of BCG vaccine-induced cellular immunity. COVID-19 cases are reported very much less in the countries with universal BCG vaccination policies such as India, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Israel, Japan, etc. as compared to without BCG implemented countries such as the USA, Italy, Spain, Canada, UK, etc. BCG vaccine provides protection for 50-60 years of immunization, so the elderly population needs to be revaccinated with BCG. Several countries started clinical trials of the BCG vaccine for health care workers and elderly people. BCG can be uses as a prophylactic treatment until the availability of the COVID-19 vaccine.}, }
@article {pmid32653210, year = {2020}, author = {Gonzalo-Voltas, A and Fernández-Pérez-Torres, CU and Baena-Díez, JM}, title = {Acute pancreatitis in a patient with COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.05.027}, pmid = {32653210}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32653199, year = {2020}, author = {Kiprov, D and Conboy, MJ and Conboy, IM}, title = {Immunomodulation for the management of corona virus disease (COVID-19).}, journal = {Transfusion and apheresis science : official journal of the World Apheresis Association : official journal of the European Society for Haemapheresis}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {102856}, doi = {10.1016/j.transci.2020.102856}, pmid = {32653199}, issn = {1473-0502}, }
@article {pmid32653160, year = {2020}, author = {Li, J and Xu, G and Yu, H and Peng, X and Luo, Y and Cao, C}, title = {Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of 74 Patients With Severe or Critical COVID-19.}, journal = {The American journal of the medical sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.040}, pmid = {32653160}, issn = {1538-2990}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to a major concern and caused a pandemic globally. The goal of this study was to clarify the clinical characteristics of recovery and death in patients with severe or critical COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective single-center study, clinical data were collected from 74 severe or critical COVID-19 patients in Wuhan Fourth Hospital between Jan. 25th and Feb. 26th, 2020. All patients were divided into a recovery group or a death group according to clinical outcomes, and the differences between the groups were compared.
RESULTS: Of the 74 patients enrolled in the study, 48 (64.9%) were severe cases and 26 (35.1%) were critical cases. Sixty (81.1%) patients were recovered and 14 (18.9%) died. Compared with recovery patients, patients in the death group were older, and had higher incidences of hypertension, coronary disease and dyspnea at admission. Laboratory tests for lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase, myoglobin, brain natriuretic peptide and D-dimer indicated higher levels in the death group. The PaO2:FiO2 ratio and minimum SpO2 were lower in the death group, and a higher proportion of these patients received noninvasive mechanical ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment.
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 or death. Patients with a low blood gas index and poor coagulation function at admission had a high mortality rate. For such patients, comprehensive treatment should be performed as soon as possible to improve the prognosis and reduce mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32653154, year = {2020}, author = {Costantino, G and Peyvandi, F and Montano, N and Agostoni, C}, title = {Romeo and Juliet: Revisited (at the time of COVID-19).}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2020.07.003}, pmid = {32653154}, issn = {1879-0828}, }
@article {pmid32653152, year = {2020}, author = {Dal-Ré, R and Mahillo-Fernández, I}, title = {Waste in COVID-19 clinical trials conducted in western Europe.}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32653152}, issn = {1879-0828}, }
@article {pmid32653111, year = {2020}, author = {Petrescu, AM and Taussig, D and Bouilleret, V}, title = {Electroencephalogram (EEG) in COVID-19: A systematic retrospective study.}, journal = {Neurophysiologie clinique = Clinical neurophysiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.neucli.2020.06.001}, pmid = {32653111}, issn = {1769-7131}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Although rare, neurological manifestations in SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly being reported. We conducted a retrospective systematic study to describe the electroencephalography (EEG) characteristics in this disease, looking for specific patterns.
METHODS: EEGs performed in patients with positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 between 25/03/2020 and 06/05/2020 in the University Hospital of Bicêtre were independently reviewed by two experienced neurologists. We used the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's terminology for the description of abnormal patterns. EEGs were classified into five categories, from normal to critically altered. Interobserver reliability was calculated using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Medical records were reviewed to extract demographics, clinical, imaging and biological data.
RESULTS: Forty EEGs were reviewed in 36 COVID-19 patients, 18 in intensive care units (ICU) and 22 in medicine units. The main indications were confusion or fluctuating alertness for 23 (57.5%) and delayed awakening after stopping sedation in ICU in six (15%). EEGs were normal to mildly altered in 23 (57.5%) contrary to the 42.5% where EEG alterations were moderate in four (10%), severe in eight (20%) and critical in five (12.5%). Generalized periodic discharges (GPDs), multifocal periodic discharges (MPDs) or rhythmic delta activity (RDA) were found in 13 recordings (32.5%). EEG alterations were not stereotyped or specific. They could be related to an underlying morbid status, except for three ICU patients with unexplained encephalopathic features.
CONCLUSION: In this first systematic analysis of COVID-19 patients who underwent EEG, over half of them presented a normal recording pattern. EEG alterations were not different from those encountered in other pathological conditions.}, }
@article {pmid32653107, year = {2020}, author = {Chaturvedi, S and Gorelick, P}, title = {The interplay between COVID 19 and non-communicable diseases.}, journal = {Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {105104}, doi = {10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105104}, pmid = {32653107}, issn = {1532-8511}, }
@article {pmid32653081, year = {2020}, author = {Sachs, JD and Horton, R and Bagenal, J and Amor, YB and Caman, OK and Lafortune, G}, title = {The Lancet COVID-19 Commission.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31494-X}, pmid = {32653081}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32653079, year = {2020}, author = {Funck-Brentano, C and Nguyen, LS and Salem, JE}, title = {Retraction and republication: cardiac toxicity of hydroxychloroquine in COVID-19.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31528-2}, pmid = {32653079}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32653078, year = {2020}, author = {Houlihan, CF and Vora, N and Byrne, T and Lewer, D and Kelly, G and Heaney, J and Gandhi, S and Spyer, MJ and Beale, R and Cherepanov, P and Moore, D and Gilson, R and Gamblin, S and Kassiotis, G and McCoy, LE and Swanton, C and , and Hayward, A and Nastouli, E and , }, title = {Pandemic peak SARS-CoV-2 infection and seroconversion rates in London frontline health-care workers.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31484-7}, pmid = {32653078}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32653073, year = {2020}, author = {Faghy, MA and Ashton, RE and Maden-Wilkinson, TM and Copeland, RJ and Bewick, T and Smith, A and Loosemore, M}, title = {Integrated sports and respiratory medicine in the aftermath of COVID-19.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30307-6}, pmid = {32653073}, issn = {2213-2619}, }
@article {pmid32653057, year = {2020}, author = {The Lancet, }, title = {COVID-19: the worst may be yet to come.}, journal = {Lancet (London, England)}, volume = {396}, number = {10244}, pages = {71}, doi = {10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31517-8}, pmid = {32653057}, issn = {1474-547X}, }
@article {pmid32653054, year = {2020}, author = {Davies, P and Evans, C and Kanthimathinathan, HK and Lillie, J and Brierley, J and Waters, G and Johnson, M and Griffiths, B and du Pré, P and Mohammad, Z and Deep, A and Playfor, S and Singh, D and Inwald, D and Jardine, M and Ross, O and Shetty, N and Worrall, M and Sinha, R and Koul, A and Whittaker, E and Vyas, H and Scholefield, BR and Ramnarayan, P}, title = {Intensive care admissions of children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS) in the UK: a multicentre observational study.}, journal = {The Lancet. Child & adolescent health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30215-7}, pmid = {32653054}, issn = {2352-4650}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In April, 2020, clinicians in the UK observed a cluster of children with unexplained inflammation requiring admission to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, course, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to PICUs with this condition, which is now known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS).
METHODS: We did a multicentre observational study of children (aged <18 years), admitted to PICUs in the UK between April 1 and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the case definition of PIMS-TS published by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. We analysed routinely collected, de-identified data, including demographic details, presenting clinical features, underlying comorbidities, laboratory markers, echocardiographic findings, interventions, treatments, and outcomes; serology information was collected if available. PICU admission rates of PIMS-TS were compared with historical trends of PICU admissions for four similar inflammatory conditions (Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and macrophage activation syndrome).
FINDINGS: 78 cases of PIMS-TS were reported by 21 of 23 PICUs in the UK. Historical data for similar inflammatory conditions showed a mean of one (95% CI 0·85-1·22) admission per week, compared to an average of 14 admissions per week for PIMS-TS and a peak of 32 admissions per week during the study period. The median age of patients was 11 years (IQR 8-14). Male patients (52 [67%] of 78) and those from ethnic minority backgrounds (61 [78%] of 78) were over-represented. Fever (78 [100%] patients), shock (68 [87%]), abdominal pain (48 [62%]), vomiting (49 [63%]), and diarrhoea (50 [64%]) were common presenting features. Longitudinal data over the first 4 days of admission showed a serial reduction in C-reactive protein (from a median of 264 mg/L on day 1 to 96 mg/L on day 4), D-dimer (4030 μg/L to 1659 μg/L), and ferritin (1042 μg/L to 757 μg/L), whereas the lymphocyte count increased to more than 1·0 × 109 cells per L by day 3 and troponin increased over the 4 days (from a median of 157 ng/mL to 358 ng/mL). 36 (46%) of 78 patients were invasively ventilated and 65 (83%) needed vasoactive infusions; 57 (73%) received steroids, 59 (76%) received intravenous immunoglobulin, and 17 (22%) received biologic therapies. 28 (36%) had evidence of coronary artery abnormalities (18 aneurysms and ten echogenicity). Three children needed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and two children died.
INTERPRETATION: During the study period, the rate of PICU admissions for PIMS-TS was at least 11-fold higher than historical trends for similar inflammatory conditions. Clinical presentations and treatments varied. Coronary artery aneurysms appear to be an important complication. Although immediate survival is high, the long-term outcomes of children with PIMS-TS are unknown.
FUNDING: None.}, }
@article {pmid32653052, year = {2020}, author = {Le Brocq, S and Clare, K and Bryant, M and Roberts, K and Tahrani, AA and , and , and , }, title = {Obesity and COVID-19: a call for action from people living with obesity.}, journal = {The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-8587(20)30236-9}, pmid = {32653052}, issn = {2213-8595}, }
@article {pmid32653043, year = {2020}, author = {Guo, Z and Chen, Y and Luo, X and He, X and Zhang, Y and Wang, J}, title = {Administration of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {420}, doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03142-8}, pmid = {32653043}, issn = {1466-609X}, }
@article {pmid32653040, year = {2020}, author = {Pereira, M and Paixão, E and Trajman, A and de Souza, RA and da Natividade, MS and Pescarini, JM and Pereira, SM and Barreto, FR and Ximenes, R and Dalcomo, M and Ichihara, MY and Nunes, C and Barral-Netto, M and Barreto, ML}, title = {The need for fast-track, high-quality and low-cost studies about the role of the BCG vaccine in the fight against COVID-19.}, journal = {Respiratory research}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {178}, doi = {10.1186/s12931-020-01439-4}, pmid = {32653040}, issn = {1465-993X}, abstract = {Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is routine and near-universal in many low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). It has been suggested that BCG can have a protective effect on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. This commentary discusses the limitations of the evidence around BCG and COVID-19. We argue that higher-quality evidence is necessary to understand the protective effect of the BCG vaccine from existing, secondary data, while we await results from clinical trials currently conducted in different settings.}, }
@article {pmid32653019, year = {2020}, author = {Roy-Gash, F and Marine, M and Jean-Michel, D and Herve, V and Raphael, B and Nicolas, E}, title = {COVID-19-associated acute cerebral venous thrombosis: clinical, CT, MRI and EEG features.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {419}, doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03131-x}, pmid = {32653019}, issn = {1466-609X}, }
@article {pmid32653015, year = {2020}, author = {Lecronier, M and Beurton, A and Burrel, S and Haudebourg, L and Deleris, R and Le Marec, J and Virolle, S and Nemlaghi, S and Bureau, C and Mora, P and De Sarcus, M and Clovet, O and Duceau, B and Grisot, PH and Pari, MH and Arzoine, J and Clarac, U and Boutolleau, D and Raux, M and Delemazure, J and Faure, M and Decavele, M and Morawiec, E and Mayaux, J and Demoule, A and Dres, M}, title = {Comparison of hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir/ritonavir, and standard of care in critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: an opportunistic retrospective analysis.}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {418}, doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03117-9}, pmid = {32653015}, issn = {1466-609X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is spreading worldwide. To date, no specific treatment has convincingly demonstrated its efficacy. Hydroxychloroquine and lopinavir/ritonavir have potential interest, but virological and clinical data are scarce, especially in critically ill patients.
METHODS: The present report took the opportunity of compassionate use and successive drug shortages to compare the effects of two therapeutic options, lopinavir/ritonavir and hydroxychloroquine, as compared to standard of care only. The primary outcomes were treatment escalation (intubation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation support, or renal replacement therapy) after day 1 until day 28. Secondary outcomes included ventilator-free days at day 28, mortality at day 14 and day 28, treatment safety issues and changes in respiratory tracts, and plasma viral load (as estimated by cycle threshold value) between admission and day 7.
RESULTS: Eighty patients were treated during a 4-week period and included in the analysis: 22 (28%) received standard of care only, 20 (25%) patients received lopinavir/ritonavir associated to standard of care, and 38 (47%) patients received hydroxychloroquine and standard of care. Baseline characteristics were well balanced between the 3 groups. Treatment escalation occurred in 9 (41%), 10 (50%), and 15 (39%) patients who received standard of care only, standard of care and lopinavir/ritonavir, and standard of care and hydroxychloroquine, respectively (p = 0.567). There was no significant difference between groups regarding the number of ventilator-free days at day 28 and mortality at day 14 and day 28. Finally, there was no significant change between groups in viral respiratory or plasma load between admission and day 7.
CONCLUSION: In critically ill patients admitted for SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia, no difference was found between hydroxychloroquine or lopinavir/ritonavir as compared to standard of care only on the proportion of patients who needed treatment escalation at day 28. Further randomized controlled trials are required to demonstrate whether these drugs may be useful in this context.}, }
@article {pmid32652995, year = {2020}, author = {Mousavi, SM and Anjomshoa, M}, title = {COVID-19 in Yemen: a crisis within crises.}, journal = {International journal for equity in health}, volume = {19}, number = {1}, pages = {120}, doi = {10.1186/s12939-020-01231-2}, pmid = {32652995}, issn = {1475-9276}, abstract = {Yemen is suffering deadly airstrikes and heavy bombardment since March 2015 which has created one of the most severe humanitarian crises worldwide. In this miserable situation, several communicable diseases have massively re-emerged including cholera, diarrhea, dengue, and measles, as a result of weapons used during the years of war according to geospatial patterns of the infected cases. According to the world health organization (WHO), only 51% of health care facilities across the country are fully functional, mainly due to the war. The fragile health system has extremely limited capacity to adopt and implement effective preparedness and response measures to the COVID-19 outbreak. The first and most imperative step to combat COVID-19 in Yemen is ending the devastating war without delay and terminating the land, sea and air blockade imposed by the coalition. International humanitarian organizations should also dedicate a high level joint action to implement a series of well-coordinated measures emphasizing both whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to protect Yemenis' right in life and health.}, }
@article {pmid32652938, year = {2020}, author = {Zhou, X and Zhou, J and Zhao, J}, title = {Recurrent pneumonia in a patient with new coronavirus infection after discharge from hospital for insufficient antibody production: a case report.}, journal = {BMC infectious diseases}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {500}, doi = {10.1186/s12879-020-05231-z}, pmid = {32652938}, issn = {1471-2334}, support = {81670150//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared as an emerging public health threat by the World Health Organization. As various measures have been taken successfully to combat the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2, a growing number of fully recovered patients have been discharged from hospitals. However, some of them have relapsed. Little is known about the causes that triggered the relapse.
CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 40 years old man who suffered from recurrent pulmonary infection with progression of lesions on chest computed tomography (CT), elevated levels of ferritin and IL2R, reduced lymphocyte count and positive oropharyngeal swab test for SARS-CoV-2 again after 5 days discharge from hospital. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody level of this patient was very low at the time of relapse, suggesting a weak humoral immune response to the virus. Total exon sequencing revealed mutations in TRNT1 gene, which may be responsible for B cell immunodeficiency. Therefore, uncleared SARS-CoV-2 at his first discharge was likely to lead to his recurrence. However, viral superinfection and non-infectious organizing pneumonia could not be completely excluded.
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 relapse may occur in a part of discharged patients with low titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. These patients should be maintained in isolation for longer time even after discharge. A more sensitive method to detect SARS-CoV-2 needs to be established and serological testing for specific antibodies may be used as a reference to determine the duration of isolation.}, }
@article {pmid32652915, year = {2020}, author = {Kadil, Y and Mouhcine, M and Filali, H}, title = {In Silico Investigation of the SARS CoV2 Protease with Thymoquinone Major Constituent of Nigella Sativa.}, journal = {Current drug discovery technologies}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2174/1570163817666200712164406}, pmid = {32652915}, issn = {1875-6220}, abstract = {The COVID-19 caused by a new type of coronavirus has emerged from China and led to thousands of deaths globally. Despite many groups engaged in studying the newly emerged virus and searching for the treatment, the understanding of the SARS-CoV2 target ligand interactions represents a key challenge. Several studies are being conducted to identify potential treatment. Alternatively, the results of numerous studies have shown that protease inhibitors can be a genuine leader in research. The antiviral activity and beneficial effect against respiratory disorders of thymoquinone have been largely demonstrated. The aim of this study is to testing In Silico the inhibition of the replication of SARS CoV2 by thymoquinone. This is a molecular simulation study using SARS CoV2 protease and thymoquinone structures provided by Protein Data Bank. The preliminary results have shown that thymoquinone may have inhibitory activities against SARS CoV2 protease. Furthermore, given the demonstrated results of thymoquinone, we can conclude that it may be considered as an effective or adjuvant treatment for SARS CoV2 infection.}, }
@article {pmid32652898, year = {2020}, author = {Kohanski, MA and Lo, LJ and Waring, MS}, title = {Review of Indoor Aerosol Generation, Transport and Control in the Context of COVID-19.}, journal = {International forum of allergy & rhinology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/alr.22661}, pmid = {32652898}, issn = {2042-6984}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has heightened awareness of aerosol generation by human expiratory events and their potential role in viral respiratory disease transmission. Concerns over high Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral burden of mucosal surfaces has raised questions about the aerosol generating potential and dangers of many otorhinolaryngologic procedures. However, the risks of aerosol generation and associated viral transmission by droplet or airborne routes for many otorhinolaryngology procedures are largely unknown. Indoor aerosol and droplet viral respiratory transmission risk is influenced by four factors: 1) aerosol or droplet properties, 2) indoor airflow, 3) virus-specific factors, and 4) host-specific factors. Here we elaborate on known aerosol versus droplet properties, indoor airflow, and aerosol generating events to provide context for risks of aerosol infectious transmission. We also provide simple but typically effective measures for mitigating the spread and inhalation of viral aerosols in indoor settings. Understanding principles of infectious transmission, aerosol and droplet generation, as well as concepts of indoor airflow, will aide in the integration of new data on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and activities that can generate aerosol to best inform on the need for escalation or de-escalation from current societal and institutional guidelines for protection during aerosol generating procedures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid32652884, year = {2020}, author = {Han, L and Wong, FKY and She, DLM and Li, SY and Yang, YF and Jiang, MY and Ruan, Y and Su, Q and Ma, Y and Chung, LYF}, title = {Anxiety and Depression of Nurses in a North West Province in China During the Period of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of nursing scholarship : an official publication of Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jnu.12590}, pmid = {32652884}, issn = {1547-5069}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To investigate the anxiety and depression levels of frontline clinical nurses working in 14 hospitals in Gansu Province, China, during this period.
DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey was conducted online between February 7 and 10, 2020, with a convenience sample of 22,034 nurses working in 14 prefecture and city hospitals in Gansu Province, located in northwest China.
METHODS: A self-reported questionnaire with four parts (demographic characteristics, general questions related to novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, self-rating anxiety scale, and self-rating depression scale) was administered. Descriptive statistics including frequencies, means, and SDs were computed. The associations between anxiety and depression with sociodemographic characteristics, work-related concerns, and impacts were analyzed, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify factors that best predicted the nurses' anxiety and depression levels.
FINDINGS: A total of 21,199 questionnaires were checked to be valid, with an effective recovery rate of 96.21%. The mean ± SD age of the respondents was 31.89 ± 7.084 years, and the mean ± SD length of service was 9.40 ± 7.638 years. The majority of the respondents were female (98.6%) and married (73.1%). Some demographic characteristics, related concerns, and impacts of COVID-19 were found to be significantly associated with both anxiety (p < .001) and depression (p < .001). Nurses who needed to take care of children or elderly relatives, took leave from work because they were worried about COVID-19, avoided contact with family and friends, and wanted to obtain more COVID-19-related knowledge had higher levels of both anxiety and depression.
CONCLUSIONS: Results show that nurses faced with the COVID-19 outbreak are at risk for experiencing anxiety and depression. Demographic background, psychosocial factors, and work-related factors predicted the psychological responses. The family responsibilities and burdens of women may explain the higher levels of anxiety and depression among nurses with these obligations as compared to those without. On the other hand, nurses who chose not to take leave from work or who did not avoid going to work during this period were less anxious and depressed.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Professional commitment might be a protective factor for adverse psychological responses. It is pertinent to provide emotional support for nurses and recognize their professional commitment in providing service to people in need.}, }
@article {pmid32652876, year = {2020}, author = {Ertugrul, G and Aktas, H}, title = {Indirect skin sign of COVID-19 days: striae rubrae.}, journal = {Journal of cosmetic dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocd.13607}, pmid = {32652876}, issn = {1473-2165}, abstract = {During COVID-19 pandemic, an increase was observed in stress-related dermatological diseases and COVID-19 related rash, while a significant decrease was observed in cosmetological outpatient applications. However, one month after the COVID-19 outbreak began, we observed a rapid increase especially individuals under 20 years of age diagnosed with stria rubrae in dermatology outpatient clinics. The number of patients diagnosed with striae rubrae was four times higher than last month (0.1% vs 0.4%). In order to prevent the rapid spread of the COVID-19 epidemic, the closure of schools, the transition to online education and the curfew imposed under the age of 20 caused a change in lifestyle and diet in young people. The incidence of striae rubrae due to rapid weight gain increased. If not heeded, COVID-19 pandemic can cause striae rubrae pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32652862, year = {2020}, author = {Riegel, AC and Chou, H and Baker, J and Antone, J and Potters, L and Cao, Y}, title = {Development and execution of a pandemic preparedness plan: Therapeutic medical physics and radiation dosimetry during the COVID-19 crisis.}, journal = {Journal of applied clinical medical physics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/acm2.12971}, pmid = {32652862}, issn = {1526-9914}, abstract = {The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic has spread around the world including the United States. New York State has been hardest hit by the virus with over 380 000 citizens with confirmed COVID-19, the illness associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. At our institution, the medical physics and dosimetry group developed a pandemic preparedness plan to ensure continued operation of our service. Actions taken included launching remote access to clinical systems for all dosimetrists and physicists, establishing lines of communication among staff members, and altering coverage schedules to limit on-site presence and decrease risk of infection. The preparedness plan was activated March 23, 2020, and data were collected on treatment planning and chart checking efficiency for 6 weeks. External beam patient load decreased by 25% during the COVID-19 crisis, and special procedures were almost entirely eliminated excepting urgent stereotactic radiosurgery or brachytherapy. Efficiency of treatment planning and chart checking was slightly better than a comparable 6-week interval in 2019. This is most likely due to decreased patient load: Fewer plans to generate and more physicists available for checking without special procedure coverage. Physicists and dosimetrists completed a survey about their experience during the crisis and responded positively about the preparedness plan and their altered work arrangements, though technical problems and connectivity issues made the transition to remote work difficult. Overall, the medical physics and dosimetry group successfully maintained high-quality, efficient care while minimizing risk to the staff by minimizing on-site presence. Currently, the number of COVID-19 cases in our area is decreasing, but the preparedness plan has demonstrated efficacy, and we will be ready to activate the plan should COVID-19 return or an unknown virus manifest in the future.}, }
@article {pmid32652827, year = {2020}, author = {Goldust, M and Sharma, A and Murrell, DF and Kazemi, N and Rudnicka, L and Kassir, M and Navarini, A and Mueller, SM}, title = {Dermatology and specialty rotations: COVID-19 may reemphasize the importance of internal medicine.}, journal = {Dermatologic therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/dth.13996}, pmid = {32652827}, issn = {1529-8019}, }
@article {pmid32652813, year = {2020}, author = {Martínez-Murcia, A and Bru, G and Navarro, A and Ros-Tárraga, P and García-Sirera, A and Pérez, L}, title = {Comparative in silico design and validation of GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR Test.}, journal = {Journal of applied microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jam.14781}, pmid = {32652813}, issn = {1365-2672}, abstract = {AIMS: Providing a ready-to-use RT-qPCR method fully validated to detect the SARS-CoV-2 with a higher exclusivity than this shown by early published RT-qPCR designs.
METHODS AND RESULTS: The specificity of the GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR Test by analysis of sequence alignments was approached and compared with other RT-qPCR designs. The GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR Test was validated following criteria of UNE/EN ISO 17025:2005 and ISO/IEC 15189:2012. Diagnostic validation was achieved by two independent reference laboratories, the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (Madrid, Spain), the Public Health England (Colindale, London, UK), and received the label CE-IVD. The GPS™ design showed the highest exclusivity and passed all parameters of validation with strict acceptance criteria. Results from reference laboratories 100 % correlated with these obtained by using reference methods and showed 100 % of diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.
CONCLUSIONS: The CE-IVD GPS™ CoVID-19 dtec-RT-qPCR Test, available worldwide with full analytical and diagnostic validation, is the more exclusive for SARS-CoV-2 by far.
SIGNIFICANCE: Considering the CoVID-19 pandemic status, the exclusivity of RT-qPCR tests is crucial to avoid false positives due to related coronaviruses.
IMPACT OF STUDY: This work provides of a highly specific and validated RT-qPCR method for detection of SARS-CoV-2, which represents a case of efficient transfer of technology successfully used since the pandemic was declared.}, }
@article {pmid32652805, year = {2020}, author = {Al-Najar, E and Alrumaih, F and Arab, D and Drouin, AS and Gosselin, S and Sawa, J}, title = {Letter to the Editor: D-dimer and presumptive diagnosis of COVID-19.}, journal = {Academic emergency medicine : official journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/acem.14085}, pmid = {32652805}, issn = {1553-2712}, abstract = {We read with interest, "D-dimer triage for COVID-19" by Chenghong et al. This observational cohort study from Wuhan, China concludes that a D-dimer done at admission could be an effective and easily available diagnostic surrogate marker for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We are concerned that several limitations in the study's methodology affect the authors' conclusions.}, }
@article {pmid32652794, year = {2020}, author = {Thibaut, D and Schroeder, KT}, title = {A case-based learning approach to online biochemistry labs during COVID-19.}, journal = {Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bmb.21408}, pmid = {32652794}, issn = {1539-3429}, abstract = {With biochemistry forced to transition to remote-teaching online, the cooperative active learning and problem-solving normally in labs have been limited. With little ability to perform experiments with laboratory equipment, determining how to mimic the qualities integral to these labs in an online environment is necessary. We propose one possible solution to provide online labs: short case-based learning activities.}, }
@article {pmid32652791, year = {2020}, author = {Balestri, R and Magnano, M and Rizzoli, L and Infusino, SD and Urbani, F and Rech, G}, title = {STIs and the COVID-19 pandemic: the lockdown does not stop sexual infections.}, journal = {Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jdv.16808}, pmid = {32652791}, issn = {1468-3083}, abstract = {In December 2019 a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China, responsible for an aggressive interstitial pneumonia. Italy was the first western country to be hit by the CoronaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and on 9 March our Prime Minister announced a nationwide lockdown, strictly forbidding any contacts outside cohabitants, except for urgent or medical reasons. In compliance with the ministerial decree, all scheduled visits were suspended, maintaining hospital access only for emergencies.}, }
@article {pmid32652782, year = {2020}, author = {Martin, M and Guerrero-Zotano, A and Montero, Á and Jara, C and Filipovich, E and Rojo, F and Moreno, F and García Sáenz, JÁ and Alés, JE and Chacón, JI and Cruz, J and Gimenez, J and Cruz-Merino, L and Algara, M and Santisteban, M and Tarruella, SL and , }, title = {GEICAM Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Breast Cancer During Spain's COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The oncologist}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1634/theoncologist.2020-0363}, pmid = {32652782}, issn = {1549-490X}, abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women in Spain. During the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus, patients with BC require timely treatment and follow-up. However, not only are hospitals overwhelmed with infected patients, some patients with BC are at higher risk for infection and for serious complications if infected. Thus, health care providers need to evaluate each BC treatment and in-hospital visit to minimize pandemic-associated risks while maintaining adequate treatment efficacy. Here we present a set of guidelines regarding available options for BC patient management and treatments by BC subtype in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the lack of evidence about COVID-19 infection, these recommendations are mainly based in expert opinion, medical organizations' and societies' recommendations, and some published evidence. We consider this a useful tool to facilitate medical decision making in this health crisis situation we are facing. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This work presents a set of guidelines regarding available options for breast cancer (BC) patient management and treatments by BC subtype in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Owing to the suddenness of this health crisis, specialists have to make decisions with little evidence at hand. Thus, these expert guidelines may be a useful tool to facilitate medical decision making in the context of a worldwide pandemic with no resources to spare.}, }
@article {pmid32652766, year = {2020}, author = {Bergman, P}, title = {The link between Vitamin D and Covid-19: distinguishing facts from fiction.}, journal = {Journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/joim.13158}, pmid = {32652766}, issn = {1365-2796}, abstract = {Vitamin D is produced in the skin under the influence of UVB-light from the sun or obtained via the diet by eating fatty fish, enriched dairy products or supplements. Vitamin D is known to support a healthy bone and severe deficiency may lead to osteomalacia or the rickets, which still occur in poor areas of the world. In addition, vitamin D support key functions in many organs, including the brain, muscle and the immune systems (Holick, 2007). In fact, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is expressed in most cell types and may activate somewhere between 200-500 genes, many related to the immune system.}, }
@article {pmid32652722, year = {2020}, author = {Awad, WI and Idhrees, M and Kennon, S and Bashir, M}, title = {Coronary artery bypass grafting surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention: What is the clinical decision framework amid COVID-19 era?.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14833}, pmid = {32652722}, issn = {1540-8191}, }
@article {pmid32652713, year = {2020}, author = {Shafi, AMA and Shaikh, SA and Shirke, MM and Iddawela, S and Harky, A}, title = {Cardiac manifestations in COVID-19 patients-A systematic review.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14808}, pmid = {32652713}, issn = {1540-8191}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in the worst global pandemic of our generation, affecting 215 countries with nearly 5.5 million cases. The association between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system has been well described. We sought to systematically review the current published literature on the different cardiac manifestations and the use of cardiac-specific biomarkers in terms of their prognostic value in determining clinical outcomes and correlation to disease severity.
METHODS: A systematic literature review across PubMed, Cochrane database, Embase, Google Scholar, and Ovid was performed according to PRISMA guidelines to identify relevant articles that discussed risk factors for cardiovascular manifestations, cardiac manifestations in COVID-19 patients, and cardiac-specific biomarkers with their clinical implications on COVID-19.
RESULTS: Sixty-one relevant articles were identified which described risk factors for cardiovascular manifestations, cardiac manifestations (including heart failure, cardiogenic shock, arrhythmia, and myocarditis among others) and cardiac-specific biomarkers (including CK-MB, CK, myoglobin, troponin, and NT-proBNP). Cardiovascular risk factors can play a crucial role in identifying patients vulnerable to developing cardiovascular manifestations of COVID-19 and thus help to save lives. A wide array of cardiac manifestations is associated with the interaction between COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Cardiac-specific biomarkers provide a useful prognostic tool in helping identify patients with the severe disease early and allowing for escalation of treatment in a timely fashion.
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 is an evolving pandemic with predominate respiratory manifestations, however, due to the interaction with the cardiovascular system; cardiac manifestations/complications feature heavily in this disease, with cardiac biomarkers providing important prognostic information.}, }
@article {pmid32652705, year = {2020}, author = {Hussain, A}, title = {Cardiac surgery and COVID-19: Response to the letter to the editor.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14825}, pmid = {32652705}, issn = {1540-8191}, }
@article {pmid32652701, year = {2020}, author = {Fudulu, DP and Angelini, GD}, title = {The COVID-19 crisis: reflections on cardiothoracic surgery training.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14769}, pmid = {32652701}, issn = {1540-8191}, support = {CH/1992027/7163/BHF_/British Heart Foundation/United Kingdom ; }, }
@article {pmid32652693, year = {2020}, author = {Wiwanitkit, V}, title = {Cardiac surgery and COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14826}, pmid = {32652693}, issn = {1540-8191}, }
@article {pmid32652680, year = {2020}, author = {Kamishima, T and An, Y and Fang, W and Lu, Y}, title = {Editorial for "Clinical Potential of UTE-MRI for Assessing the COVID-19: Patient- and Lesion-Based Comparative Analysis".}, journal = {Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e27291}, doi = {10.1002/jmri.27291}, pmid = {32652680}, issn = {1522-2586}, }
@article {pmid32652668, year = {2020}, author = {Das, N and Narnoli, S and Kaur, A and Sarkar, S and Balhara, YPS}, title = {Attitude to telemedicine in the times of COVID 19 pandemic: Opinion of medical practitioners from India.}, journal = {Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/pcn.13109}, pmid = {32652668}, issn = {1440-1819}, }
@article {pmid32652663, year = {2020}, author = {Kumar, S and Kapoor, L and Barman, D and Narayan, P}, title = {Aerosol-mediated transmission of SARS-Cov-2 or COVID-19 in the cardiac surgical operating room.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14728}, pmid = {32652663}, issn = {1540-8191}, }
@article {pmid32652660, year = {2020}, author = {Yandrapalli, S and Cooper, HA and Malekan, R}, title = {Successful coronary artery bypass operation in a SARS-COV-2 infected patient with acute coronary syndrome.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14784}, pmid = {32652660}, issn = {1540-8191}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is overwhelming healthcare resources and infrastructure worldwide. Earlier reports have demonstrated complicated postoperative courses and high fatality rates in patients undergoing emergent cardiothoracic surgery who were diagnosed postoperatively with COVID-19. These reports raise the possibility that active COVID-19 might precipitate a catastrophic pathophysiological response to infection in the postoperative period and lead to unfavorable surgical outcomes. Hence, it is imperative to screen patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection before surgery and to carefully monitor them in the postoperative period to identify any signs of active COVID-19. In this report, we present the successful outcome of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) operation in a patient with asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting with an acute coronary syndrome and requiring urgent surgical intervention. We employed a thorough strategy to identify subclinical COVID-19 disease, and after confirming the absence of active disease, proceeded with the CABG operation. The patient outcome was successful with the absence of any overt COVID-19 manifestations in the postoperative period.}, }
@article {pmid32652639, year = {2020}, author = {Dutta, AK and Goswami, K and Murugaiyan, S and Sahoo, S and Pal, A and Paul, C and Thallapaneni, S and Biswas, S}, title = {The transition from objectively structured practical examination (OSPE) to electronic OSPE in the era of COVID-19.}, journal = {Biochemistry and molecular biology education : a bimonthly publication of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bmb.21410}, pmid = {32652639}, issn = {1539-3429}, abstract = {The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is forcing the medical educators to innovate and embrace online education and assessment platform. One of the most significant challenges we are facing is the formative assessment of practical skills in the undergraduate medical biochemistry education. We have designed the electronic objectively structured practical examination to facilitate the formative assessment.}, }
@article {pmid32652621, year = {2020}, author = {Ostrach, B and Buer, LM and Armbruster, S and Brown, H and Yochym, G and Zaller, N}, title = {COVID-19 and Rural Harm Reduction Challenges in the U.S. Southern Mountains.}, journal = {The Journal of rural health : official journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jrh.12499}, pmid = {32652621}, issn = {1748-0361}, }
@article {pmid32652585, year = {2020}, author = {Hengeveld, PJ and Omar Khader, A and de Bruin, LHA and Geelen, IGP and van Baalen, EA and Jansen, E and Bouwer, NI and Balak, Ö and Riedl, JA and Langerak, AW and Westerweel, PE and Levin, MD}, title = {Blood cell counts and lymphocyte subsets of patients admitted during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study.}, journal = {British journal of haematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bjh.16983}, pmid = {32652585}, issn = {1365-2141}, abstract = {Aberrant blood cell counts, most prominently lymphopenia, have been identified as markers of the degree of severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (Terpos et al, 2020; Yang et al, 2020; Wan et al, 2020; Wang et al, 2020; Zhao et al, 2020). However, most of these studies lack comparison to a COVID-19 negative, contemporary control group. Additionally, the longitudinal composition and dynamics of lymphocyte subsets in COVID-19 patients are insufficiently characterized.}, }
@article {pmid32652579, year = {2020}, author = {Papakonstantinou, NA and Dedeilias, P and Samiotis, I and Argiriou, M}, title = {SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, "coronawar"… oops; something was forgotten. Cardiovascular disease is still here! The collateral damage.}, journal = {Journal of cardiac surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/jocs.14791}, pmid = {32652579}, issn = {1540-8191}, }
@article {pmid32652565, year = {2020}, author = {Williamson, A and Roberts, MT and Phillips, J and Saha, R}, title = {Early percutaneous tracheostomy for patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Anaesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/anae.15197}, pmid = {32652565}, issn = {1365-2044}, }
@article {pmid32652563, year = {2020}, author = {Orf, K and Rogosic, S and Dexter, D and Ancliff, P and Badle, S and Brierley, J and Cheng, D and Dalton, C and Dixon, G and Du Pré, P and Grandjean, L and Ghorashian, S and Mittal, P and O'Connor, D and Pavasovic, V and Rao, A and Samarasinghe, S and Vora, A and Bamford, A and Bartram, J}, title = {Remdesivir during induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with concomitant SARS-CoV-2 infection.}, journal = {British journal of haematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bjh.17014}, pmid = {32652563}, issn = {1365-2141}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic potentially makes treatment of acute leukaemia more difficult. Most induction chemotherapy regimens for acute leukaemia lead to extended periods of cytopaenia and immunosuppression rendering patients vulnerable to opportunistic infections. As with many aspects of SARS-CoV-2, there is no universally accepted way of treating patients who present with acute leukaemia and associated infection.}, }
@article {pmid32652558, year = {2020}, author = {St Mart, JP and Goh, EL}, title = {The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on surgical education - challenges and potential solutions.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11793}, pmid = {32652558}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32652553, year = {2020}, author = {Agrawal, V and Sharma, D}, title = {Frugal solutions for the operating room during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11783}, pmid = {32652553}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32652551, year = {2020}, author = {Appiah-Kubi, A and Acharya, S and Fein Levy, C and Vlachos, A and Ostovar, G and Murphy, K and Farrell, A and Brower, D and Lipton, JM and Wolfe, L and Aygun, B}, title = {Varying Presentations and Favourable Outcomes of COVID-19 Infection in Children and Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease: An Additional Case Series with Comparisons to Published Cases.}, journal = {British journal of haematology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/bjh.17013}, pmid = {32652551}, issn = {1365-2141}, abstract = {Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are theoretically at greater risk for serious illness from COVID 19 due to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic inflammation with an increased risk of thrombosis, especially at the time of a vaso-occlusive event (1). Individuals living with SCD are also considered to be immunocompromised due to autoinfarction of their spleen or surgical splenectomy, often as a result of red cell splenic sequestration (2). In addition, patients with SCD often have comorbidities and secondary organ dysfunction that can put them at risk of significant morbidity and or mortality from the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its subsequent disease COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32652541, year = {2020}, author = {Saricaoglu, EM and Hasanoglu, I and Guner, R}, title = {The First Reactive Arthritis Case Associated with COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of medical virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/jmv.26296}, pmid = {32652541}, issn = {1096-9071}, abstract = {Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arised from Wuhan Province in China in December 2019, has quickly become a global public health emergency. The first confirmed COVID-19 patient in Turkey was reported on 11th March 2020. A 73-year-old man with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary heart disease presented to emergency department with a history of fever, weakness, and dry cough for one week. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were positive for COVID-19. He was treated with ceftriaxone, hidroxychloroquine and azitromycin Severeal days after completion of COVID-19 treatment, asymetric oligoarticular arthritis in his lower extremities were developed. In the course of time, clinicians all over the world experienced several different forms of COVID-19. In this case, we report the first reactive artrhritis associated with COVID-19 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.}, }
@article {pmid32652536, year = {2020}, author = {Kambakamba, P and Geoghegan, J and Hoti, E}, title = {The peer review at high risk from COVID-19 - are we socially distancing from scientific quality control?.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11785}, pmid = {32652536}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32652534, year = {2020}, author = {Lombardi, CP and Gordini, L and D'Amore, A and Bocale, R and Boscherini, M and Bellantone, R}, title = {COVID-19 pandemic: new rules of engagement in endocrine surgery.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11777}, pmid = {32652534}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32652529, year = {2020}, author = {Schutzer-Weissmann, J and Magee, DJ and Farquhar-Smith, P}, title = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection risk during elective peri-operative care: a narrative review.}, journal = {Anaesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/anae.15221}, pmid = {32652529}, issn = {1365-2044}, abstract = {The protection of healthcare workers from the risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is a paramount concern. SARS-CoV-2 is likely to remain endemic and measures to protect healthcare workers against nosocomial infection will need to be maintained. This review aims to inform the assessment and management of the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri-operative care. In the absence of data specifically related to the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in the peri-operative setting, we explore the evidence-base that exists regarding modes of viral transmission, historical evidence for the risk associated with aerosol-generating procedures and contemporaneous data from the COVID-19 pandemic. We identify a significant lack of data regarding the risk of transmission in the management of elective surgical patients, highlighting the urgent need for further research.}, }
@article {pmid32652525, year = {2020}, author = {Mi, B and Xiong, Y and Chen, L and Panayi, AC and Liu, G}, title = {Long-term suicide prevention during and after the COVID-19 epidemic.}, journal = {The British journal of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/bjs.11794}, pmid = {32652525}, issn = {1365-2168}, }
@article {pmid32652521, year = {2020}, author = {Bisogno, G and Provenzi, M and Zama, D and Tondo, A and Meazza, C and Colombini, A and Galaverna, F and Compagno, F and Carraro, F and De Santis, R and Meneghello, L and Baretta, V and Cesaro, S}, title = {Clinical characteristics and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Italian pediatric oncology patients: a study from the Infectious Diseases Working Group of the AIEOP.}, journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa088}, pmid = {32652521}, issn = {2048-7207}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Little is known as yet about the outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children being treated for cancer.
METHODS: We collected information on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a cohort of 29 children (16 females and 13 males, median age 7 years, range [0-16]) diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection while on chemotherapy/immunotherapy (N=26), or after stem cell transplantation (N=3) during the peak of the epidemic in Italy. These patients suffered from leukemia (N=16), lymphoma (N=3), solid tumors (N=10), and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (N=1).
RESULTS: The course of the disease was mild in all cases, with only 12 children developing symptoms (pneumonia in 3 cases), and none needing intensive care. Fifteen patients were hospitalized, including 7 asymptomatic patients. Nine patients (including 5 with no symptoms) were given hydroxychloroquine, and 3 of them were also given lopinavir/ritonavir.
CONCLUSIONS: SARS-CoV-2 infection seems to take a milder clinical course in children than in adults with cancer. Specific SARS-CoV-2 treatment seems unnecessary for most children. In the light of our findings, and albeit with the necessary caution, we suggest avoiding major changes to planned anticancer treatments in pediatric patients acquiring COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32652520, year = {2020}, author = {Khalifa, M and Zakaria, F and Ragab, Y and Saad, A and Bamaga, A and Emad, Y and Rasker, JJ}, title = {Guillain-Barre Syndrome Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Detection and a COVID-19 Infection in a Child.}, journal = {Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/jpids/piaa086}, pmid = {32652520}, issn = {2048-7207}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2. Physicians in China reported what is believed to be the first adult case of a SARS-CoV-2 infection associated with acute Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), followed by five adult Italian patients and another case in the United States of America. In the current report we present one of the first descriptions of an association of GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection within a child. In our facility, and eleven year old boy presented with typical features of GBS and after five days a morbilliform skin rash over the palms of both hands. Three weeks before the start of the neurological symptoms, the boy had experienced an episode of mild febrile illness with mild respiratory manifestations and a persisting cough. The diagnosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by oropharyngeal swab on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. The disease course of our patient strongly suggests a possible relationship between the development of GBS and SARS-CoV-2 infection. The case is discussed in view of the previous case reports with the association of GBS and Covid-19.}, }
@article {pmid32652499, year = {2020}, author = {Banerjee, A and Ray, S and Vorselaars, B and Kitson, J and Mamalakis, M and Weeks, S and Baker, M and Mackenzie, LS}, title = {Use of Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence to predict SARS-CoV-2 infection from Full Blood Counts in a population.}, journal = {International immunopharmacology}, volume = {86}, number = {}, pages = {106705}, doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106705}, pmid = {32652499}, issn = {1878-1705}, abstract = {Since December 2019 the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as the cause of the pandemic COVID-19. Early symptoms overlap with other common conditions such as common cold and Influenza, making early screening and diagnosis are crucial goals for health practitioners. The aim of the study was to use machine learning (ML), an artificial neural network (ANN) and a simple statistical test to identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients from full blood counts without knowledge of symptoms or history of the individuals. The dataset included in the analysis and training contains anonymized full blood counts results from patients seen at the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, at São Paulo, Brazil, and who had samples collected to perform the SARS-CoV-2 rt-PCR test during a visit to the hospital. Patient data was anonymised by the hospital, clinical data was standardized to have a mean of zero and a unit standard deviation. This data was made public with the aim to allow researchers to develop ways to enable the hospital to rapidly predict and potentially identify SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. We find that with full blood counts random forest, shallow learning and a flexible ANN model predict SARS-CoV-2 patients with high accuracy between populations on regular wards (AUC = 94-95%) and those not admitted to hospital or in the community (AUC = 80-86%). Here, AUC is the Area Under the receiver operating characteristics Curve and a measure for model performance. Moreover, a simple linear combination of 4 blood counts can be used to have an AUC of 85% for patients within the community. The normalised data of different blood parameters from SARS-CoV-2 positive patients exhibit a decrease in platelets, leukocytes, eosinophils, basophils and lymphocytes, and an increase in monocytes. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients exhibit a characteristic immune response profile pattern and changes in different parameters measured in the full blood count that are detected from simple and rapid blood tests. While symptoms at an early stage of infection are known to overlap with other common conditions, parameters of the full blood counts can be analysed to distinguish the viral type at an earlier stage than current rt-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 allow at present. This new methodology has potential to greatly improve initial screening for patients where PCR based diagnostic tools are limited.}, }
@article {pmid32652495, year = {2020}, author = {Jayawardena, R and Misra, A}, title = {Balanced diet is a major casualty in COVID-19.}, journal = {Diabetes & metabolic syndrome}, volume = {14}, number = {5}, pages = {1085-1086}, doi = {10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32652495}, issn = {1878-0334}, }
@article {pmid32652477, year = {2020}, author = {Esposito, S and , and Voccia, E and Cantarelli, A and Canali, A and Principi, N and Prati, A}, title = {Telemedicine for management of paediatric infectious diseases during COVID-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104522}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104522}, pmid = {32652477}, issn = {1873-5967}, }
@article {pmid32652476, year = {2020}, author = {Visseaux, B and Le Hingrat, Q and Collin, G and Ferré, V and Storto, A and Ichou, H and Bouzid, D and Poey, N and de Montmollin, E and Descamps, D and Houhou-Fidouh, N}, title = {Evaluation of the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kit RUO performances and limit of detection.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104520}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104520}, pmid = {32652476}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The use of efficient, reliable and sensitive PCR assays is a cornerstone in the race to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In this work we performed an independent evaluation of the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit Researh Use Only (Altona) for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
METHODS: A comparative limit of detection (LoD) assessment was performed between RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 and the currently WHO recommended RT-PCR (WHO-PCR) workflow using a quantified clinical sample. Assessment of the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 assay was also performed using 83 primary clinical samples in comparison with the WHO-PCR.
RESULTS: The RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a slightly higher sensitivity than the WHO recommended assay with a limit of detection at 625 copies/mL instead of 1250 copies/mL for the WHO-PCR in our conditions. The overall percent agreement between RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 and WHO-PCR on 83 clinical samples was 97.6 % (81/83) with a sensitivity at 97.8 % (45/46) and specificity at 97.3 % (36/37). No cross reaction was encountered for the other human coronaviruses (HKU1, OC43, NL63, 229E).
CONCLUSIONS: In this comparison of the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 assay with the reference WHO assay, we observed a slightly better sensitivity of the RealStar® assay. It provides a robust option for all molecular biology laboratories, with a strong real-life LoD and is compatible with various real-time PCR platforms.}, }
@article {pmid32652475, year = {2020}, author = {Weidner, L and Gänsdorfer, S and Unterweger, S and Weseslindtner, L and Drexler, C and Farcet, M and Witt, V and Schistal, E and Schlenke, P and Kreil, TR and Jungbauer, C}, title = {Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies with eight commercially available immunoassays.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104540}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104540}, pmid = {32652475}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 numerous antibody assays have become available, demonstrating different performance characteristics. This study focused on a quantitative correlation between different commercial assays and a neutralization test (NT). Comparative data is needed as a basis for the production of convalescent plasma and potential interpretations COVID-19 immunity. Sera of 100 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma donors were collected and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were characterized using three different IgG-ELISAs (EUROIMMUN IgG and NCP-IgG ELISA, Wantai ELISA), two CLIA (Elecsys, LIAISON) and two lateral flow tests (MEDsan IgM/IgG-Rapid-Test, Wantai Rapid Test) and subsequently correlated to neutralization titers. The Wantai ELISA and the Elecsys provide the highest sensitivities in this sample (98 and 95 percent respectively). Titers with the best overall quantitative correlation to the NT titer were obtained with the Euroimmun IgG ELISA assay (Rho=0.759) and the Wantai ELISA assay (Rho=0.729). An infection without fever and negative or weakly positive reactions in the Wantai Rapid test were negative predictive factors for NT titers >1:200 (negative predictive value of 92 % and 92 % respectively, combination of both 100 %). The Wantai ELISA titer could be a suitable substitute for NT. An adequate pooling strategy of plasma units additionally could compensate deviations of individual antibody titers.}, }
@article {pmid32652473, year = {2020}, author = {Barzegar, M and Mirmosayyeb, O and Ghajarzadeh, M and Nehzat, N and Vaheb, S and Shaygannejad, V and Vosoughi, R}, title = {Characteristics of COVID-19 disease in multiple sclerosis patients.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {45}, number = {}, pages = {102276}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2020.102276}, pmid = {32652473}, issn = {2211-0356}, }
@article {pmid32652455, year = {2020}, author = {Yan, C and Lin, J and Xu, Y}, title = {Recommendations for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and infection control in the radiology department: Chinese experience.}, journal = {Clinical imaging}, volume = {69}, number = {}, pages = {33-36}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.06.044}, pmid = {32652455}, issn = {1873-4499}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, first reported in Wuhan, China, is gradually spreading worldwide. For diagnosis, chest computed tomography is a conventional, noninvasive imaging modality that is very accurate for detection and evaluation of pneumonia and is an important adjunct to real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnosis of the virus. Previous studies have reported typical computed tomography imaging features indicative of COVID-19, such as multifocal ground-glass opacities with or without consolidation. With the sharply increasing demand for computed tomography examination during the outbreak, ensuring appropriate infection control in radiology departments is challenging. Thus, advanced training and education in standardized infection control and prevention practice are essential. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize such training and education for clinical management of this outbreak for radiology department personnel. We will describe standard transmission-based precautions, workflow for computed tomography examination of fever patients, and decontamination management of a radiology department.}, }
@article {pmid32652454, year = {2020}, author = {Jiang, M and Chen, P and Li, T and Tang, Y and Chen, X and Chen, X and Ruan, X}, title = {Chest CT imaging features and clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A single-center case study in Ningbo, China.}, journal = {Clinical imaging}, volume = {69}, number = {}, pages = {27-32}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2020.05.028}, pmid = {32652454}, issn = {1873-4499}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chest CT imaging features and clinical outcome of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Ningbo, China.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, twenty-eight confirmed and seven highly suspected cases of COVID-19 were enrolled in Ningbo first hospital from January 26, 2020 to March 5, 2020. Cases were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The initial and follow-up chest CT imaging features, epidemiological history, and outcome were analyzed.
RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 57.3 ± 15.3 years (range: 27-96 years), including 25 females and 10 males. On CT images, 89.3% (25/28) confirmed and 100% (7/7) suspected patients had ground-glass opacities (GGOs), and GGOs with mixed consolidations were observed in 35.7% (10/28) confirmed and 42.9% (3/7) suspected cases, most of these lesions were distributed under the peripheral of both lungs. 17 confirmed and 4 suspected cases had a history of participating in Ningbo Tian-tong Temple rituals and all had GGOs in their lungs during the initial CT scan. As of March 25, 2020, the lung lesions of our cases were significantly resolved and all patients have been discharged from the hospital.
CONCLUSION: The most common chest CT features are multiple bilateral and peripheral GGOs with mixed consolidations or not in the lungs of patients with COVID-19. Chest CT plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of this disease. There was no reported death in our cases.}, }
@article {pmid32652443, year = {2020}, author = {Lee, S and Lim, AR and Kim, MJ and Choi, YJ and Kim, JW and Park, KH and Shin, SW and Kim, YH}, title = {Innovative countermeasures can maintain cancer care continuity during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic in Korea.}, journal = {European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990)}, volume = {136}, number = {}, pages = {69-75}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejca.2020.06.021}, pmid = {32652443}, issn = {1879-0852}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Even though Korea was known to have the highest number of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) infection in the early phase of the pandemic, Korea was able to successfully flatten the curve in a short period of time without extreme measures. We compared the status of cancer management before and after COVID-19 and analysed how cancer care continuity was maintained in Korea.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: We investigated the medical records on the number of cancer diagnosis, cancer surgery, radiation therapy and scheduled chemotherapy conducted in Korea University Anam Hospital from January 1 to April 30, 2019 and from the same period in 2020. We also collected the data of metastatic cancer patients who were hospitalised due to respiratory disease.
RESULTS: Of all diagnoses, 1694 cancer diagnoses were made in the study period of 2019, and 1445 diagnoses in 2020 (decreased by 14.7%); the cancer surgery performed 830 and 800 cases; the set-up for radiation therapy decreased from 185 to 140 cases; the number of systemic chemotherapies for metastatic cancer patients treated in department of medical oncology increased from 2555 to 2878 cases. Among hospitalised patients, emergency centre visit, intensive care unit admission, discharge after recovery and death reveal no drastic changes.
CONCLUSIONS: Routine cancer care for patients with metastatic cancer has been maintained without significant difference before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The Korean government's innovative countermeasures in the early phase of outbreak made it possible for cancer care practitioners to provide cancer patients with regular care under the standard infection control protocol.}, }
@article {pmid32652428, year = {2020}, author = {Parodi, A and Cozzani, E}, title = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) and Malaria: Have anti glycoprotein antibodies a role?.}, journal = {Medical hypotheses}, volume = {143}, number = {}, pages = {110036}, doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110036}, pmid = {32652428}, issn = {1532-2777}, }
@article {pmid32652405, year = {2020}, author = {Naeini, AS and Karimi-Galougahi, M and Raad, N and Ghorbani, J and Taraghi, A and Haseli, S and Mehrparvar, G and Bakhshayeshkaram, M}, title = {Paranasal sinuses computed tomography findings in anosmia of COVID-19.}, journal = {American journal of otolaryngology}, volume = {41}, number = {6}, pages = {102636}, doi = {10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102636}, pmid = {32652405}, issn = {1532-818X}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Olfactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is poorly understood. Thus, mechanistic data are needed to elucidate the pathophysiological drivers of anosmia of COVID-19.
METHODS: We performed the current study in patients who presented with anosmia and COVID-19 as documented by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay between April 1st and May 15st, 2020. We assessed for the conductive causes of anosmia with computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses.
RESULTS: 49 patients who presented with anosmia and positive PCR assay for COVID-19 were included. The average age was 45 ± 12.2 years. Complete anosmia was present in 85.7% of patients and 91.8% of patients reported sudden onset of olfactory dysfunction. Taste disturbance was common (75.5%). There were no significant pathological changes in the paranasal sinuses on CT scans. Olfactory cleft and ethmoid sinuses appeared normal while in other sinuses, partial opacification was detected only in some cases.
CONCLUSION: We did not find significant mucosal changes or olfactory cleft abnormality on CT imaging in patients with anosmia of COVID-19. Conductive causes of anosmia (i.e., mucosal disease) do not seem play a significant role in anosmia of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32652395, year = {2020}, author = {Takata, T and Kobara, H and Deguchi, K and Masaki, T}, title = {Disposable aluminum covering for electrodes during nerve conduction studies in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Clinical neurology and neurosurgery}, volume = {195}, number = {}, pages = {106064}, doi = {10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106064}, pmid = {32652395}, issn = {1872-6968}, }
@article {pmid32652385, year = {2020}, author = {Rodriguez, LM and Litt, DM and Stewart, SH}, title = {Drinking to cope with the pandemic: The unique associations of COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress to drinking behaviors in American men and women.}, journal = {Addictive behaviors}, volume = {110}, number = {}, pages = {106532}, doi = {10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106532}, pmid = {32652385}, issn = {1873-6327}, abstract = {The 2019 Coronavirus pandemic has brought about significant and unprecedented changes to the modern world, including stay-at-home orders, high rates of unemployment, and more than a hundred thousand deaths across the United States. Derived from the self-medication hypothesis, this research explored how perceived threat and psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic are associated with drinking behavior among an American sample of adults. We also evaluated whether links between COVID-19-related perceived threat and psychological distress with drinking behavior are different for men and women. Participants (N = 754; 50% women) completed an online Qualtrics Panels study between April 17th and 23rd, 2020. Results suggested that psychological distress related to the COVID-19 pandemic was consistently related to alcohol use indices, and moderation results indicated this pattern was significant only among women for number of drinks consumed during the recent heaviest drinking occasion and number of drinks consumed on a typical evening. COVID-related distress' link to frequency of drinking and heavy drinking episodes was not different for men and women. Our results suggest that continued monitoring, particularly among women, should be conducted as this pandemic continues to evolve to identify the long-term public health impacts of drinking to cope with COVID-19 distress.}, }
@article {pmid32652368, year = {2020}, author = {Rizzi, A and Mammarella, L and Necozione, S and Bocale, R and Grassi, D and Ferri, C and Desideri, G}, title = {Looking at intra-hospital non COVID-19 mortality among elderly patients during COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Archives of gerontology and geriatrics}, volume = {90}, number = {}, pages = {104173}, doi = {10.1016/j.archger.2020.104173}, pmid = {32652368}, issn = {1872-6976}, }
@article {pmid32652357, year = {2020}, author = {Arslan, M and Xu, B and Gamal El-Din, M}, title = {Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 via fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes: Environmental dynamics and implications for wastewater management in underprivileged societies.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {743}, number = {}, pages = {140709}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140709}, pmid = {32652357}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {The advent of novel human coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its potential transmission via fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes are upcoming challenges to understand the fate of the virus in the environment. In this short communication, we specifically looked at the possibilities of these transmission routes based on the available literature directly related to the SARS-CoV-2 as well as on the closer phylogenetic relatives such as SARS-CoV-1. The available data suggest that, in addition to human-to-human contact, the virus may spread via fecal-oral and aerosols-borne routes. Existing knowledge states that coronaviruses have low stability in the environment due to the natural action of oxidants that disrupt the viral envelope. Previous recommended dosage of chlorination has been found to be not sufficient to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in places where viral load is high such as hospitals and airports. Although there is no current evidence showing that coronaviruses can be transmitted through contaminated drinking water, there is a growing concern on the impact of the current pandemic wave on underprivileged societies because of their poor wastewater treatment infrastructures, overpopulation, and outbreak management strategies. More research is encouraged to trace the actual fate of SARS-CoV-2 in the environment and to develop/revise the disinfection strategies accordingly.}, }
@article {pmid32652329, year = {2020}, author = {Boyd, K and Parcell, B and Tauro, S}, title = {Immunosuppression in hematological cancer patients with Covid-19 -Uncomplicated infections but delayed viral clearance?.}, journal = {Leukemia research}, volume = {96}, number = {}, pages = {106407}, doi = {10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106407}, pmid = {32652329}, issn = {1873-5835}, }
@article {pmid32652308, year = {2020}, author = {Mehta, N and Parikh, N and Kelley, RK and Hameed, B and Singal, AG}, title = {Surveillance and Monitoring of Hepatocellular Carcinoma During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2020.06.072}, pmid = {32652308}, issn = {1542-7714}, abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is expected to have a long-lasting impact on the approach to care for patients at risk for and with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to the risks from potential exposure and resource reallocation. The goal of this document is to provide recommendations on HCC surveillance and monitoring, including strategies to limit unnecessary exposure while continuing to provide high-quality care for patients. Publications and guidelines pertaining to the management of HCC during COVID-19 were reviewed for recommendations related to surveillance and monitoring practices, and any available guidance was referenced to support the authors' recommendations when applicable. Existing HCC risk stratification models should be utilized to prioritize imaging resources to those patients at highest risk of incident HCC and recurrence following therapy though surveillance can likely continue as before in settings where COVID-19 prevalence is low and adequate protections are in place. Waitlisted patients who will benefit from urgent LT should be prioritized for surveillance whereas it would be reasonable to extend surveillance interval by a short period in HCC patients with lower risk tumor features and those more than 2 years since their last treatment. For patients eligible for systemic therapy, the treatment regimen should be dictated by the risk of COVID-19 associated with route of administration, monitoring and treatment of adverse events, within the context of relative treatment efficacy.}, }
@article {pmid32652303, year = {2020}, author = {Nohuz, E and Atallah, A and Cerruto, E and Curtis, M and Bernigaud, O and Chassard, D and Fascia, P and Bouvet, L and Chene, G}, title = {Technics to put on and remove personal protective equipment before surgical or obstetrical procedure in suspected or infected COVID-19 patients (with video).}, journal = {Journal of gynecology obstetrics and human reproduction}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101859}, doi = {10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101859}, pmid = {32652303}, issn = {2468-7847}, abstract = {Coronavirus pandemic is widely changing our professional daily practice and preventive measures must be taken and taught. Before any planned gynaecological or obstetric surgery, specific technics to put on and safely remove personal protective equipment should be implemented in order to avoid any contamination for both patients and healthcare workers.}, }
@article {pmid32652255, year = {2020}, author = {Abuali, M and Bonner, R and Irigoyen, M}, title = {Operationalizing an Academic Pediatric Practice during the COVID-19 Crisis.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.003}, pmid = {32652255}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {We report on innovating protocols at an Academic Pediatric practice during the COVID-19 (2019 novel coronavirus) crisis. Facing the challenges of limited personal protective equipment and testing capacity, we rapidly and efficiently changed processes to optimize infection control, providing safe and effective care for our vulnerable population.}, }
@article {pmid32652254, year = {2020}, author = {Lee, YM and Kim, YJ and Kim, DY and Park, KH and Lee, MS}, title = {Monitoring environmental contamination caused by SARS-CoV-2 in a healthcare facility by using adenosine triphosphate testing.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.207}, pmid = {32652254}, issn = {1527-3296}, }
@article {pmid32652253, year = {2020}, author = {Rodriguez-Martinez, CE and Sossa-Briceño, MP and Cortés-Luna, JA}, title = {Decontamination and reuse of N95 filtering facemask respirators: a systematic review of the literature.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.004}, pmid = {32652253}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: As has happened in other emerging respiratory pandemics, demand for N95 filtering facemask respirators (FFRs) has far exceeded their manufacturing production and availability in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. One of the proposed strategies for mitigating the massive demand for N95 FFRs is their reuse after a process of decontamination that allows the inactivation of any potentially infectious material on their surfaces. This article aims to summarize all of the available evidence on the different decontamination methods that might allow disposable N95 FFRs to be reused, with emphasis on decontamination from SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the literature in order to identify studies reporting outcomes of at least one decontamination method for inactivating or removing any potentially infectious material from the surface of N95 FFRs, specifically addressing issues related to reduction of the microbial threat (including SARS-CoV-2 when available), maintaining the function of N95 FFRs and a lack of residual toxicity.
RESULTS: We identified a total of 14 studies reporting on the different decontamination methods that might allow disposable N95 FFRs to be reused, including small-scale energetic methods and disinfecting solutions/spray/wipes. Among these decontamination methods, ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) and vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) seem to be the most promising decontamination methods for N95 FFRs, based on their biocidal efficacy, filtration performance, fitting characteristics, and residual chemical toxicity, as well as other practical aspects such as the equipment required for their implementation and the maximum number of decontamination cycles.
CONCLUSIONS: Although all the methods for the decontamination and reuse of N95 FFRs have advantages and disadvantages, UVGI and VHP seem to be the most promising methods.}, }
@article {pmid32652252, year = {2020}, author = {Gavin, W and Campbell, E and Zaidi, A and Gavin, N and Dbeibo, L and Beeler, C and Kuebler, K and Abdel-Rahman, A and Luetkemeyer, M and Kara, A}, title = {"Clinical Characteristics, Outcomes and Prognosticators in Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19".}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.07.005}, pmid = {32652252}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of patients admitted with COVID-19 to one site in March 2020. Patients were stratified into three groups: survivors who did not receive mechanical ventilation (MV), survivors who received MV and those who received MV and died during hospitalization.
RESULTS: There were 140 hospitalizations; 22 deaths (mortality rate 15.7%), 83 (59%) survived and did not receive MV, 35 (25%) received MV and survived; 18 (12.9%) received MV and died. Thee mean age of each group was 57.8, 55.8 and 72.7 years respectively (p=.0001). Of those who received MV and died, 61% were male (p=.01). More than half the patients (n=90, 64%) were African American. First measured d-dimer >575.5 ng/mL, procalcitonin > 0.24 ng/mL, LDH > 445.6 units/L and BNP > 104.75 pg/mL had odds ratios of 10.5, 5, 4.5 and 2.9 respectively for MV (p < .05 for all). Peak BNP > 167.5 pg/mL had an odds ratio of 6.7 for inpatient mortality when mechanically ventilated (p= .02).
CONCLUSIONS: Age and gender may impact outcomes in COVID-19. D-dimer, procalcitonin, LDH and BNP may serve as early indicators of disease trajectory.}, }
@article {pmid32652240, year = {2020}, author = {Matzkies, LM and Leitner, E and Stelzl, E and Assig, K and Bozic, M and Siebenhofer, D and Mustafa, ME and Steinmetz, I and Kessler, HH}, title = {Lack of sensitivity of an IVD/CE-labeled kit targeting the S gene for detection of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.036}, pmid = {32652240}, issn = {1469-0691}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: New molecular tests for SARS-CoV-2 are rapidly launched in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical and the clinical performance of the VIASURE SARS-CoV-2 S gene RT-PCR Kit on the BD Max™ system and to compare results with those obtained with the cobas® SARS-CoV-2 test on the cobas® 6800 system.
METHODS: For testing the analytical performance, reference material was used. Clinical samples (n=101) obtained from patients with symptoms compatible to COVID-19 were studied. Oro- and nasopharyngeal swabs were collected by using either ESwab™ or UTM™ collection systems.
RESULTS: When the analytical performance was evaluated, the sample containing the lowest SARS-CoV-2 concentration tested negative with the VIASURE test while results obtained with the cobas® test were found to be concordant with the results expected. Six out of the 101 clinical samples (5.9%) showed an inhibition with the VIASURE test. When analyzing the remaining 95 clinical samples, 27 were found to be negative with both assays. Of 68 samples positive with the cobas® test, the VIASURE test missed 21 (30.9 %) samples. All of those 21 samples had shown Ct values ≥ 31 with the cobas® 6800 system. None of the samples tested positive with the VIASURE test and negative with the cobas® test.
CONCLUSIONS: The VIASURE test was impaired by a lack of sensitivity and a relatively high number of invalid results. When using the VIASURE test for routine testing, a significant number of COVID-19 positive samples would have been missed.}, }
@article {pmid32652239, year = {2020}, author = {Masmejan, S and Pomar, L and Favre, G and Panchaud, A and Giannoni, E and Greub, G and Baud, D}, title = {Vertical transmission and materno-fetal outcomes in 13 patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2020.06.035}, pmid = {32652239}, issn = {1469-0691}, }
@article {pmid32652231, year = {2020}, author = {Mira, E and Yarce, OA and Ortega, C and Fernández, S and Pascual, NM and Gómez, C and Alvarez, MA and Molina, IJ and Lama, R and Santamaria, M}, title = {Rapid recovery of a SARS-CoV-2 infected X-linked agammaglobulinemia patient after infusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma.}, journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaip.2020.06.046}, pmid = {32652231}, issn = {2213-2201}, }
@article {pmid32652215, year = {2020}, author = {Tchouaket Nguemeleu, E and Beogo, I and Sia, D and Kilpatrick, K and Séguin, C and Baillot, A and Jabbour, M and Parisien, N and Robins, S and Boivin, S}, title = {Economic analysis of healthcare-associated infection prevention and control interventions in medical and surgical units: Systematic review using a discounting approach.}, journal = {The Journal of hospital infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.004}, pmid = {32652215}, issn = {1532-2939}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nosocomial or healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are associated with a financial burden that affects both patients and healthcare institutions worldwide. The clinical best care practices (CBPs) of hand hygiene, hygiene and sanitation, screening, and basic and additional precautions aim to reduce this burden. The COVID-19 pandemic has confirmed these four CBPs are critically important prevention practices that limit the spread of HCAIs.
AIM: This paper conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations related to these four CBPs using a discounting approach.
METHODS: We searched for articles published between 2000 and 2019. We included economic evaluations of infection prevention and control of Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhoea, meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacilli. Results were analyzed with: cost-minimization, cost-effectiveness, cost-utility, cost-benefit and cost-consequence analyses. Articles were assessed for quality.
RESULTS: A total of 11 898 articles were screened and seven were included. Most studies (4/7) were of overall moderate quality. All studies demonstrated cost effectiveness of CBPs. The average yearly net cost savings from the CBPs ranged from $252 847 (2019 $CAD) to $1 691 823 depending on the rate of discount (3% and 8%). The average incremental benefit cost ratio of CBPs varied from 2.48 to 7.66.
CONCLUSION: In order to make efficient use of resources and maximize health benefits, ongoing research in the economic evaluation of infection control should be carried out to support evidence-based healthcare policy decisions.}, }
@article {pmid32652214, year = {2020}, author = {Chan, KH and Sridhar, S and Zhang, RR and Chu, H and Fung, AY and Chan, G and Chan, JF and To, KK and Hung, IF and Cheng, VC and Yuen, KY}, title = {Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {The Journal of hospital infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.009}, pmid = {32652214}, issn = {1532-2939}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In late 2019, a novel human coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged in Wuhan, China. This virus has caused a global pandemic involving more than 200 countries. SARS-CoV-2 is highly adapted to humans and readily transmits from person-to-person.
AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 under various environmental factors, disinfectants and different pH conditions. The efficacy of a variety of laboratory virus inactivation methods and home disinfectants against SARS-CoV-2 were investigated.
METHODS: The residual virus in dried form or in solution was titrated on Vero E6 cell line at day 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 after incubation at different temperatures. The viability of virus was determined after treatment with different disinfectants and pH solutions at room temperature (20∼25oC).
FINDINGS: SARS-CoV-2 was able to retain viability for 3-5 days in dried form or 7 days in solution at room temperature. SARS-CoV-2 could be detected under a wide range of pH conditions from pH4 to pH11 for several days and 1 to 2 days in stool at room temperature but lost 5 logs of infectivity. A variety of commonly used disinfectants and laboratory inactivation procedures were found to reduce viral viability effectively.
CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the stability of SARS-CoV-2 on environmental surfaces and raises the possibility of faecal-oral transmission. Commonly used fixatives, nucleic acid extraction methods and heat inactivation were found to significantly reduce viral infectivity that could ensure hospital and laboratory safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32652212, year = {2020}, author = {Pascoe, MJ and Robertson, A and Crayford, A and Durand, E and Steer, J and Castelli, A and Wesgate, R and Evans, SL and Porch, A and Maillard, JY}, title = {Dry heat and microwave generated steam protocols for the rapid decontamination of respiratory personal protective equipment in response to COVID-19-related shortages.}, journal = {The Journal of hospital infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jhin.2020.07.008}, pmid = {32652212}, issn = {1532-2939}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the wake of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and unprecedented global demand, clinicians are struggling to source adequate access to personal protective equipment. Respirators can be in short supply, though are necessary to protect workers from SARS-CoV-2 exposure. Rapid decontamination and reuse of respirators may provide relief for the strained procurement situation.
METHOD: In this study, we investigated the suitability of 70oC dry heat and microwave-generated steam (MGS) for reprocessing of FFP2/N95-type respirators, and Type-II surgical face masks. S. aureus was used as surrogate as it is less susceptible than enveloped viruses to chemical and physical processes.
RESULTS: We observed >4 log10 reductions in the viability of dry S. aureus treated by dry heat for 90 minutes at 70°C and >6 log10 reductions by MGS in 90 seconds. After 3 reprocessing cycles, neither process was found to negatively impact the bacterial or NaCl filtration efficiency of the respirators that were tested. However, MGS was incompatible with Type-II surgical masks tested, as we confirmed that bacterial filtration capacity was completely lost following reprocessing. MGS was observed to be incompatible with some respirator types due to arcing observed around some types of metal nose clips and by loss of adhesion of clips to the mask.
CONCLUSION: Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each approach, we propose a reprocessing PPE/face mask workflow for use in medical areas.}, }
@article {pmid32652195, year = {2020}, author = {Sandoval, Y and Januzzi, JL and Jaffe, AS}, title = {Cardiac Troponin for the Diagnosis and Risk-Stratification of Myocardial Injury in COVID-19: JACC Review Topic of the Week.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Cardiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jacc.2020.06.068}, pmid = {32652195}, issn = {1558-3597}, abstract = {Increases in cardiac troponin (cTn) indicative of myocardial injury are common in patients with COVID-19 and associated with adverse outcomes such as arrhythmias and death. These increases are more likely to occur in those with chronic cardiovascular conditions and in those with severe COVID-19 presentations. The increased inflammatory, prothrombotic, and procoagulant responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection increase the risk for acute nonischemic myocardial injury and acute myocardial infarction, particularly type 2 myocardial infarction because of respiratory failure with hypoxia and hemodynamic instability in critically ill patients. Myocarditis, stress cardiomyopathy, acute heart failure, and direct injury from SARS-CoV-2 are important etiologies, but primary non-cardiac conditions such as pulmonary embolism, critical illness, and sepsis probably cause more of the myocardial injury. The structured use of serial cTn has the potential to facilitate risk stratification, help make decisions about when to use imaging, and inform stage categorization and disease phenotyping among hospitalized COVID-19 patients.}, }
@article {pmid32652194, year = {2020}, author = {Lipner, SR and Wang, Y}, title = {Retrospective Analysis of Dermatological Adverse Events Associated with Hydroxychloroquine Reported to the United States Food and Drug Administration.}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.007}, pmid = {32652194}, issn = {1097-6787}, }
@article {pmid32652192, year = {2020}, author = {Kearns, DG and Chat, VS and Uppal, S and Wu, JJ}, title = {Applying to dermatology residency during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.011}, pmid = {32652192}, issn = {1097-6787}, }
@article {pmid32652189, year = {2020}, author = {Kong, HE and Stoff, BK}, title = {Approach to VIPs during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.012}, pmid = {32652189}, issn = {1097-6787}, }
@article {pmid32652186, year = {2020}, author = {Hammond, MI and Sharma, TR and Cooper, KD and Beveridge, MG}, title = {Conducting Inpatient Dermatology Consultations and Maintaining Resident Education in the COVID-19 Telemedicine Era.}, journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2020.07.008}, pmid = {32652186}, issn = {1097-6787}, }
@article {pmid32652168, year = {2020}, author = {Grossi, E and Costantino, L and Ferrara, F and Terruzzi, V}, title = {Oscillation of SARS CoV-2 RNA load in a cohort of children and adolescents with neuro-psychiatric disorders resident in a nursing home of Lombardy Region (Italy).}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.009}, pmid = {32652168}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32652167, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Fasting blood glucose predicts the occurrence of critical illness in COVID-19 patients: a multicenter retrospective cohort study.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.006}, pmid = {32652167}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32652166, year = {2020}, author = {Rokadiya, S and Gil, E and Stubbs, C and Bell, D and Herbert, R}, title = {COVID-19: Outcomes of patients with confirmed COVID-19 re-admitted to hospital.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.007}, pmid = {32652166}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32652165, year = {2020}, author = {Ran, J and Zhao, S and Han, L and Chen, D and Yang, Z and Yang, L and Wang, MH and He, D}, title = {The Ambient Ozone and COVID-19 Transmissibility in China: A Data-Driven Ecological Study of 154 Cities.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.011}, pmid = {32652165}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32652164, year = {2020}, author = {Rossotti, R and Travi, G and Ughi, N and Corradin, M and Baiguera, C and Fumagalli, R and Bottiroli, M and Mondino, M and Merli, M and Bellone, A and Basile, A and Ruggeri, R and Colombo, F and Moreno, M and Pastori, S and Perno, CF and Tarsia, P and Epis, OM and Puoti, M and , }, title = {SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF ANTI-IL6-RECEPTOR TOCILIZUMAB USE IN SEVERE AND CRITICAL PATIENTS AFFECTED BY CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.008}, pmid = {32652164}, issn = {1532-2742}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: As the novel SARS-CoV-2 pandemic occurred, no specific treatment was yet available. Inflammatory response secondary to viral infection might be the driver of severe diseases. We report the safety and efficacy (in terms of overall survival and hospital discharge) of the anti-IL6 tocilizumab (TCZ) in subjects with COVID-19.
METHODS: This retrospective, single-center analysis included all the patients consecutively admitted to our Hospital with severe or critical COVID-19 who started TCZ treatment from March 13th to April 03rd, 2020. A 1:2 matching to patients not treated with TCZ was performed according to age, sex, severity of disease, P/F, Charlson Comorbidity Index and length of time between symptoms onset and hospital admittance. Descriptive statistics and non-parametric tests to compare the groups were applied. Kaplan Meier probability curves and Cox regression models for survival, hospital discharge and orotracheal intubation were used.
RESULTS: Seventy-four patients treated with TCZ were matched with 148 matched controls. They were mainly males (81.5%), Caucasian (82.0%) and with a median age of 59 years. The majority (69.8%) showed critical stage COVID-19 disease. TCZ use was associated with a better overall survival (HR 0.499 [95% CI 0.262-0.952], p=0.035) compared to controls but with a longer hospital stay (HR 1.658 [95% CI 1.088-2.524], p=0.019) mainly due to biochemical, respiratory and infectious adverse events.
DISCUSSION: TCZ use resulted potentially effective on COVID-19 in terms of overall survival. Caution is warranted given the potential occurrence of adverse events.
FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Some of the tocilizumab doses used in the subjects included in this analysis were provided by the "Multicenter study on the efficacy and tolerability of tocilizumab in the treatment of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia" (EudraCT Number: 2020-001110-38) supported by the Italian National Agency for Drugs (AIFA). No specific funding support was planned for study design, data collection and analysis and manuscript writing of this paper.}, }
@article {pmid32652163, year = {2020}, author = {Zha, L and Shen, J and Tefsen, B and Wang, Y and Lu, W and Xu, Q}, title = {Clinical features and outcomes of adult COVID-19 patients co-infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.010}, pmid = {32652163}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32652161, year = {2020}, author = {Haselmann, V and Kittel, M and Gerhards, C and Thiaucourt, M and Eichner, R and Costina, V and Neumaier, M}, title = {Comparison of test performance of commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassays in serum and plasma samples.}, journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2020.07.007}, pmid = {32652161}, issn = {1873-3492}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: For epidemiologic, social and economic reasons, assessment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection prevalence and immunity are important to adapt decisions to current demands. Hence, immunoassays for detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are introduced rapidly without requiring FDA emergency use authorization approval. Thus, evaluation of test performance predominantly relies on laboratories. This study aimed to evaluate the test performance of recently launched commercial immunoassays in serum and plasma samples.
METHODS: 51 serum samples from 26 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection after end of quarantine and 25 control patients were analyzed using anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG immunoassays from Roche, Euroimmun and Epitope to assess diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. 20 matching pairs of serum and plasma samples were included to analyze comparability between different specimens.
RESULTS: Overall, a diagnostic sensitivity of 92.3%, 96.2-100% and 100% with a respective diagnostic specificity of 100%, 100% and 84-86% for the immunoassays from Roche, Euroimmun and Epitope were determined. In total, 84-96 % of samples were correctly classified as negative and 92.3-95.2% as positive. The level of concordance between plasma- and serum-based testing diverged between the assays (Epitope r2=0.97; Euroimmun r2=0.91; Roche r2=0.76).
CONCLUSIONS: The immunoassays from Euroimmun and Roche revealed a higher specificity than the Epitope assay without a substantial drop of diagnostic sensitivity. Significant differences between plasma- and serum-based testing highlights the need for determination of appropriate cut-offs per specimen type. Hence, there is an urgent need for test harmonization and establishment of quality standards for an appropriate use of COVID-19 serological tests.}, }
@article {pmid32652139, year = {2020}, author = {Yavarpour-Bali, H and Ghasemi-Kasman, M}, title = {Update on neurological manifestations of COVID-19.}, journal = {Life sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {118063}, doi = {10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118063}, pmid = {32652139}, issn = {1879-0631}, abstract = {Novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2: SARS-CoV-2) has a high homology with other cousin of coronaviruses such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS). After outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in China, it has spread so fast around the world. The main complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory failure, but several patients have also been admitted to the hospital with neurological symptoms. Direct invasion, hematogenic rout, retrograde and anterograde transport along peripheral nerves are considered as main neuroinvasion mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2. In the present study, we describe the possible routes for entering of SARS-CoV-2 into the nervous system. Then, neurological manifestations of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) are reviewed. Furthermore, the neuropathology of the virus and its impacts on other neurological disorders are discussed.}, }
@article {pmid32652116, year = {2020}, author = {Leong, YC and Cheskes, S and Latchmansingh, RG and Buick, JE and Drennan, IR and Verbeek, PR}, title = {Taipei Azalea: Another example of "MacGyver bias" during COVID-19 pandemic?.}, journal = {Resuscitation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.06.034}, pmid = {32652116}, issn = {1873-1570}, }
@article {pmid32652095, year = {2020}, author = {Kouri, A and Gupta, S and Yadollahi, A and Ryan, CM and Gershon, AS and To, T and Tarlo, SM and Goldstein, RS and Chapman, KR and Chow, CW}, title = {CHEST Reviews: Addressing reduced laboratory-based pulmonary function testing during a pandemic.}, journal = {Chest}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.065}, pmid = {32652095}, issn = {1931-3543}, abstract = {To reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2, many pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratories have been closed or have significantly reduced their testing capacity. As these mitigation strategies may be necessary for the next 6-18 months to prevent recurrent peaks in disease prevalence, fewer objective measurements of lung function will alter the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic respiratory diseases. PFTs, which include spirometry, lung volumes, and diffusion capacity measurement, are essential to the diagnosis and management of patients with asthma, COPD, and other chronic lung conditions. Both traditional and innovative alternatives to conventional testing must now be explored. These may include peak expiratory flow devices, electronic portable spirometers, portable exhaled nitric oxide measurement, airwave oscillometry devices, as well as novel digital health tools such as smartphone microphone spirometers, and mobile health technologies along integration of machine learning approaches. The adoption of some novel approaches may not merely replace but could improve existing management strategies and alter common diagnostic paradigms. With these options come important technical, privacy, ethical, financial, and medicolegal barriers that must be addressed. However, the COVID-19 pandemic also presents a unique opportunity to augment conventional testing by including innovative and emerging approaches to measuring lung function remotely in patients with respiratory disease. The benefits of such an approach have the potential to enhance respiratory care and empower patient self-management well beyond the current global pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32652057, year = {2020}, author = {Gaylor, A}, title = {Let's Be Gentle With Ourselves and Each Other.}, journal = {Nursing for women's health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.nwh.2020.05.004}, pmid = {32652057}, issn = {1751-486X}, abstract = {A nurse reflects on the many lessons the COVID-19 pandemic is teaching us.}, }
@article {pmid32652047, year = {2020}, author = {Chaudhary, V and Rosenberg, D and Barbosa, J and Qian, C and Berger, A and Whelan, J and Kherani, A and Samad, A and Noble, J}, title = {National survey of Canadian Retina Society members on guidelines for ophthalmic care during the COVID-19 crisis: Canadian Retina Research Network (CR2N) COVID-19 Steering Committee analysis.}, journal = {Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcjo.2020.06.001}, pmid = {32652047}, issn = {1715-3360}, }
@article {pmid32652021, year = {2020}, author = {Zeng, DX and Xu, JL and Mao, QX and Liu, R and Zhang, WY and Qian, HY and Xu, L}, title = {Association of Padua prediction score with in-hospital prognosis in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/qjmed/hcaa224}, pmid = {32652021}, issn = {1460-2393}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nearly 20% novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have abnormal coagulation function. Padua prediction score (PPS) is a validated tools for venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk assessment. However, its clinical value in COVID-19 patients evaluation was unclear.
METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the VTE risk of COVID-19 patients using PPS. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Association of PPS with 28-days mortality was analyzed by multivariate logistic regression and Kaplan-Meier analysis.
RESULTS: 274 continuous patients were enrolled, with total mortality of 17.2%. Patients in high PPS group, with significantly abnormal coagulation, have a higher levels of interleukin 6 (25.27 pg/ml vs.2.55 pg/ml, P < 0.001), prophylactic anticoagulation rate (60.7% vs. 6.5%, P<0.001) and mortality (40.5% vs. 5.9%, P<0.001) as compared with that in low PPS group. Critical patients showed higher PPS (6 score vs. 2 score, P<0.001) than that in severe patients. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality included high PPS (OR: 7.35, 95%CI: 3.08 - 16.01), increased interleukin-6 (OR: 11.79, 95%CI: 5.45 - 26.20) and elevated d-dimer (OR: 4.65, 95%CI: 1.15 - 12.15). Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated patients with higher PPS had a significant survival disadvantage. Prophylactic anticoagulation in higher PPS patients show a mild advantage of mortality but without statistical significance (37.1% vs. 45.7%, P=0.42).
CONCLUSION: Higher PPS associated with in-hospital poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Prophylactic anticoagulation showed a mild advantage of mortality in COVID-19 patients with higher PPS, but it remain need further investigation.}, }
@article {pmid32652001, year = {2020}, author = {Lazartigues, E and Qadir, MMF and Mauvais-Jarvis, F}, title = {Endocrine significance of SARS-CoV-2's reliance on ACE2.}, journal = {Endocrinology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1210/endocr/bqaa108}, pmid = {32652001}, issn = {1945-7170}, abstract = {The current COVID-19 pandemic is the most disruptive event in the last 50 years with global impact on healthcare and world economies. It is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as an entry point to the cells. ACE2 is a transmembrane carboxypeptidase and member of the renin-angiotensin system. This mini-review, summarizes the main findings regarding ACE2 expression and function in endocrine tissues. We discuss rapidly evolving knowledge on the potential role of ACE2 and SARS coronaviruses in endocrinology and the development of diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, pituitary and thyroid diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32651997, year = {2020}, author = {Somers, EC and Eschenauer, GA and Troost, JP and Golob, JL and Gandhi, TN and Wang, L and Zhou, N and Petty, LA and Baang, JH and Dillman, NO and Frame, D and Gregg, KS and Kaul, DR and Nagel, J and Patel, TS and Zhou, S and Lauring, AS and Hanauer, DA and Martin, E and Sharma, P and Fung, CM and Pogue, JM}, title = {Tocilizumab for treatment of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa954}, pmid = {32651997}, issn = {1537-6591}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe COVID-19 can manifest in rapid decompensation and respiratory failure with elevated inflammatory markers, consistent with cytokine release syndrome for which IL-6 blockade is approved treatment.
METHODS: We assessed effectiveness and safety of IL-6 blockade with tocilizumab in a single-center cohort of patients with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. The primary endpoint was survival probability post-intubation; secondary analyses included an ordinal illness severity scale integrating superinfections. Outcomes in patients who received tocilizumab compared to tocilizumab-untreated controls were evaluated using multivariable Cox regression with propensity score inverse probability weighting (IPTW).
RESULTS: 154 patients were included, of whom 78 received tocilizumab and 76 did not. Median follow-up was 47 days (range 28-67). Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, although tocilizumab-treated patients were younger (mean 55 vs. 60 years), less likely to have chronic pulmonary disease (10% vs. 28%), and had lower D-dimer values at time of intubation (median 2.4 vs. 6.5 mg/dL). In IPTW-adjusted models, tocilizumab was associated with a 45% reduction in hazard of death [hazard ratio 0.55 (95% CI 0.33, 0.90)] and improved status on the ordinal outcome scale [odds ratio per 1-level increase: 0.58 (0.36, 0.94)]. Though tocilizumab was associated with an increased proportion of patients with superinfections (54% vs. 26%; p<0.001), there was no difference in 28-day case fatality rate among tocilizumab-treated patients with versus without superinfection [22% vs. 15%; p=0.42]. Staphylococcus aureus accounted for ~50% of bacterial pneumonia.
CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients, tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality despite higher superinfection occurrence.}, }
@article {pmid32651993, year = {2020}, author = {Gao, S and Jiang, F and Jin, W and Shi, Y and Yang, L and Xia, Y and Jia, L and Wang, B and Lin, H and Cai, Y and Xia, Z and Peng, J}, title = {Risk factors influencing the prognosis of elderly patients infected with COVID-19: a clinical retrospective study in Wuhan, China.}, journal = {Aging}, volume = {12}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.18632/aging.103631}, pmid = {32651993}, issn = {1945-4589}, abstract = {The mortality rate of elderly patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was significantly higher than the overall mortality rate. However, besides age, leading death risk factors for the high mortality in elderly patients remain unidentified. This retrospective study included 210 elderly COVID-19 patients (aged ≥ 65 years), of whom 175 patients were discharged and 35 died. All deceased patients had at least one comorbidity. A significantly higher proportion of patients in the deceased group had cardiovascular diseases (49% vs. 20%), respiratory diseases (51% vs. 11%), chronic kidney disease (29% vs. 5%) and cerebrovascular disease (20% vs. 3%) than that in the discharged group. The median levels of C-reactive protein (125.8mg/L vs. 9.3mg/L) and blood urea nitrogen (7.2mmol/L vs. 4.4mmol/L) were significantly higher and median lymphocyte counts (0.7×109/L vs. 1.1×109/L) significantly lower in the deceased group than those in the discharged group. The survival curve analysis showed that higher C-reactive protein (≥5mg/L) plus any other abnormalities of lymphocyte, blood urea nitrogen or lactate dehydrogenase significantly predicted poor prognosis of COVID-19 infected elderly patients. This study revealed that the risk factors for the death in these elderly patients included comorbidities, increased levels of C-reactive protein and blood urea nitrogen, and lymphopenia during hospitalization.}, }
@article {pmid32651980, year = {2020}, author = {Lippi, G and Plebani, M}, title = {Asymptomatic COVID-19 transmission: the importance of avoiding official miscommunication.}, journal = {Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1515/dx-2020-0085}, pmid = {32651980}, issn = {2194-802X}, }
@article {pmid32651978, year = {2020}, author = {Schiff, G and Mirica, M}, title = {COVID-19: making the right diagnosis.}, journal = {Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1515/dx-2020-0063}, pmid = {32651978}, issn = {2194-802X}, abstract = {The commentary below was written by Dr. Gordon Schiff and Maria Mirica for the PRIDE (Primary Care Research in Diagnostic Errors) project, an initiative of the Betsy Lehman Center for Patient Safety and Brigham and Women's Hospital Center for Patient Safety Research and Practice with support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. It highlights some of the key issues related to diagnostic accuracy issues for COVID-19 and beyond.}, }
@article {pmid32651975, year = {2020}, author = {Wang, B and Hu, M and Ren, Y and Xu, X and Wang, Z and Lyu, X and Wu, W and Li, Z and Gong, X and Xiang, Z and Tang, L and Peng, Y and Wang, M}, title = {Evaluation of seven commercial SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection kits based on real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in China.}, journal = {Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1515/cclm-2020-0271}, pmid = {32651975}, issn = {1437-4331}, }
@article {pmid32651961, year = {2020}, author = {Yao, X and Hou, Z and Cui, C and Zhang, M and Tu, S and Li, H and Liu, D}, title = {Updates on the Pharmacology of Chloroquine against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Perspective on its Use in the General and Geriatric Population.}, journal = {Current drug metabolism}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2174/1389200221666200711160440}, pmid = {32651961}, issn = {1875-5453}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chloroquine has been used to treat malaria for more than 70 years. Its safety profile and costeffectiveness are well-documented. Scientists have found that chloroquine has in vitro activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, chloroquine has been adopted in the Protocol for Managing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID19) (Version 7) issued by China National Health Commission for clinically managing COVID-19.
OBJECT: This review will focus on the antiviral mechanism, effectiveness and safety, dosage and DDIs of chloroquine, for the purpose to provide evidence-based support for rational use of chloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19. Method：Use the search terms 'chloroquine' linked with 'effectiveness', 'safety', 'mechanism', 'drug-drug interaction (DDIs)' or other terms respectively to search relevant literature through PubMed.
RESULT: After searching, we found literature about antivirus mechanism, dosage, DDIs of chloroquine. However, studies of effectiveness and safety on chloroquine treatment of COVID-19 for the general and geriatric patients are not enough.
CONCLUSION: According to literature reports, chloroquine has been proved to have anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect in vitro and the potential mechanism of chloroquine in vivo. Pharmacokinetic characteristics and DDIs study are helpful to guide rational drug use in general and geriatric patients. Although there have been reports of successful clinical application of chloroquine in treatment COVID-19，more clinical test data are still needed to prove its effectiveness and safety.}, }
@article {pmid32651959, year = {2020}, author = {Sharma, AK and Sharma, V and Sharma, A and Pallikkuth, S}, title = {Current Paradigms in COVID-19 Research: Proposed Treatment Strategies, Recent Trends and Future Directions.}, journal = {Current medicinal chemistry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2174/0929867327666200711153829}, pmid = {32651959}, issn = {1875-533X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recent pandemic of coronavirus disease caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 in humans is the third outbreak by this family of viruses leading to an acute respiratory infection which has been a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide.The virus belongs to the genus, Betacoronavirus which has been recently reported to have significant similarity (>89%) to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-related member of the Sarbecoviruses. Current researches are not sufficient to understand the etiological and immunopathobiological parameters related to COVID-19 so as to have a therapeutic solution to the problem.
METHODS: A structured search of bibliographic databases for peer-reviewed research literature has been carried out using focused review questions and inclusion/exclusion criteria. Further Standard tools were implied in order to appraise the quality of retrieved papers. The characteristic outcomes of screened research and review articles along with analysis of the interventions and findings of included studies using a conceptual framework have been described employing a deductive qualitative content analysis methodology.
RESULTS: This review systematically summarizes the immune-pathobiological characteristics, diagnosis, potential therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 based on the current published literature and evidence. The current review has covered 125 peer-reviewed articles, majority of which are from high-income technically developed countries providing the most recent updates about the current understanding of the COVID-19 bringing all the significant findings and related researches together at a single platform. In addition, possible therapeutic interventions, treatment strategies and vaccine development initiatives to manage COVID-19 have been proposed.
CONCLUSIONS: It is anticipated that this review would certainly assist the public in general and scientific community in particular to recognize and effectively deal with COVID-19, providing a reference guide for futuristic studies.}, }
@article {pmid32651941, year = {2020}, author = {Davis, MR and McCreary, EK and Pogue, JM}, title = {That Escalated Quickly: Remdesivir's Place in Therapy for COVID-19.}, journal = {Infectious diseases and therapy}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s40121-020-00318-1}, pmid = {32651941}, issn = {2193-8229}, abstract = {Remdesivir is a nucleoside antiviral recently studied in several randomized trials for treatment of COVID-19. The available observational and prospective data are conflicting, requiring clinicians to critically evaluate and reconcile results to determine patient populations that may optimally benefit from remdesivir therapy, especially while drug supply is scarce. In this review, we analyze pertinent clinical remdesivir data for patients with COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, through May 31, 2020.}, }
@article {pmid32651938, year = {2020}, author = {Lenti, MV and Borrelli de Andreis, F and Pellegrino, I and Klersy, C and Merli, S and Miceli, E and Aronico, N and Mengoli, C and Di Stefano, M and Cococcia, S and Santacroce, G and Soriano, S and Melazzini, F and Delliponti, M and Baldanti, F and Triarico, A and Corazza, GR and Pinzani, M and Di Sabatino, A and , }, title = {Impact of COVID-19 on liver function: results from an internal medicine unit in Northern Italy.}, journal = {Internal and emergency medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11739-020-02425-w}, pmid = {32651938}, issn = {1970-9366}, abstract = {Little is known regarding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) clinical spectrum in non-Asian populations. We herein describe the impact of COVID-19 on liver function in 100 COVID-19 consecutive patients (median age 70 years, range 25-97; 79 males) who were admitted to our internal medicine unit in March 2020. We retrospectively assessed liver function tests, taking into account demographic characteristics and clinical outcome. A patient was considered as having liver injury when alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was > 50 mU/ml, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) > 50 mU/ml, or total bilirubin > 1.1 mg/dl. Spearman correlation coefficient for laboratory data and bivariable analysis for mortality and/or need for intensive care were assessed. A minority of patients (18.6%) were obese, and most patients were non- or moderate-drinkers (88.5%). Liver function tests were altered in 62.4% of patients, and improved during follow-up. None of the seven patients with known chronic liver disease had liver decompensation. Only one patient developed acute liver failure. In patients with altered liver function tests, PaO2/FiO2 < 200 was associated with greater mortality and need for intensive care (HR 2.34, 95% CI 1.07-5.11, p = 0.033). To conclude, a high prevalence of altered liver function tests was noticed in Italian patients with COVID-19, and this was associated with worse outcomes when developing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.}, }
@article {pmid32651936, year = {2020}, author = {Li, Q and Wang, H and Li, X and Zheng, Y and Wei, Y and Zhang, P and Ding, Q and Lin, J and Tang, S and Zhao, Y and Zhao, L and Tong, X}, title = {The role played by traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating COVID-19 in China.}, journal = {Frontiers of medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11684-020-0801-x}, pmid = {32651936}, issn = {2095-0225}, abstract = {Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), an ancient system of alternative medicine, played an active role in the prevention and control of COVID-19 in China. It improved the clinical symptoms of patients, reduced the mortality rate, improved the recovery rate, and effectively relieved the operating pressure on the national medical system during critical conditions. In light of the current global pandemic, TCM-related measures might open up a new channel in the control of COVID-19 in other countries and regions. Here, we summarize the TCM-related measures that were widely used in China, including TCM guidelines, the Wuchang pattern, mobile cabin hospitals, integrated treatment of TCM and modern medicine for critical patients, and non-medicine therapy for convalescent patients, and describe how TCM effectively treated patients afflicted with the COVID-19. Effective TCM therapies could, therefore, be recommended and practiced based on the existing medical evidence from increased scientific studies.}, }
@article {pmid32651900, year = {2020}, author = {Dutta, S and Sengupta, P}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 and Male Infertility: Possible Multifaceted Pathology.}, journal = {Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s43032-020-00261-z}, pmid = {32651900}, issn = {1933-7205}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March 2020. Bulk of research on this virus are carried out to unveil its multivariate pathology. Surprisingly, men are reportedly more vulnerable to COVID-19 even with higher fatality rate compared to women. Thus, it is crucial to determine whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can even affect male fertility as an immediate or long-term consequence of the disease. Among the discrete data available, an important finding is that angiotensin converting enzymes 2 (ACE2) receptor, that aids the SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, is profoundly expressed in testicular cells. In addition, the endogenous androgen milieu and its receptors are associated with ACE2 activation reflecting that enhanced testosterone levels may trigger the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In contrary, hypogonadism has also been reported in the acute phase of some COVID-19 cases. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced uncontrolled inflammatory responses may lead to systemic oxidative stress (OS), whose severe disruptive effects on testicular functions are well-documented. This article aims to precisely present the possible impact of COVID-19 on male reproductive functions, and to highlight the speculations that need in-depth research for the exact underlying mechanisms how COVID-19 is associated with men's health and fertility.}, }
@article {pmid32651894, year = {2020}, author = {Penner, F and Grottoli, S and Lanotte, MMR and Garbossa, D and Zenga, F}, title = {Pituitary surgery during Covid-19: a first hand experience and evaluation.}, journal = {Journal of endocrinological investigation}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s40618-020-01354-x}, pmid = {32651894}, issn = {1720-8386}, abstract = {PURPOSE: During the Covid-19 pandemic every hospital has had to change its internal organization. Different institutions have highlighted the risks connected with endoscopic endonasal surgery. The goal of this paper is to illustrate the feasibility of pituitary region surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.
METHODS: After two negative Covid tests were obtained, three patients with macro GH-secreting tumors, and two patients with micro ACTH-secreting tumors resistant to medical treatment underwent surgery during the pandemic. During the surgery, every patient was treated as if they were positive.
RESULTS: Neither operator, nor patient have developed Covid symptoms. The two neurosurgeons performing the operations underwent two Covid swab, which resulted negative.
CONCLUSIONS: Pituitary surgery is a high risk non-urgent surgery. However, the method described has so far been effective and is safe for both patients and healthcare providers.}, }
@article {pmid32651882, year = {2020}, author = {Sharma, S and Cain, J and Sakhuja, A and Schaefer, G and Krupica, T and Sarwari, A}, title = {Guidance for Healthcare Providers Managing COVID-19 in Rural and Underserved Areas.}, journal = {Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s40615-020-00820-9}, pmid = {32651882}, issn = {2196-8837}, abstract = {Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has ravaged many urban and high-density areas in the USA. However, rural areas (despite their low population density) may be especially vulnerable to poor outcomes from COVID-19, owing to limited healthcare infrastructure, long distances to advanced health care, and population characteristics (e.g., high tobacco use, hypertension, obesity, older age). A panel of experts who are actively engaged in treating and managing COVID-19 at a rural academic center was convened to address this topic. In this commentary, we provide readers with some specific issues faced by rural healthcare providers and offer guidance in overcoming these challenges. This guidance includes alternative ventilator strategies, personal protective equipment (PPE), and common therapeutic options.}, }
@article {pmid32651761, year = {2020}, author = {Sarkar, J and Guha, R}, title = {Infectivity, virulence, pathogenicity, host-pathogen interactions of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in experimental animals: a systematic review.}, journal = {Veterinary research communications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s11259-020-09778-9}, pmid = {32651761}, issn = {1573-7446}, abstract = {The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 in mainland China with subsequent human to human transmission worldwide had taken up the shape of a devastating pandemic. The ability of the virus to infect multiple species other than humans has currently been reported in experimental conditions. Non-human primates, felines, ferrets, rodents and host of other animals could previously be infected in experimental conditions with SARS-CoV and recently with SARS-CoV-2, both virus using Angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 receptor for cellular entry. The variations in sequence homology of ACE2 receptor across species is identified as one of the factors determining virulence and pathogenicity in animals. The infection in experimental animals with SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 on most occasions are asymptomatic, however, the virus could multiply within the respiratory tract and extra-pulmonary organs in most of the species. Here, we discuss about the pathogenicity, transmission, variations in angiotensin-converting-enzyme 2 receptor-binding across species and host pathogen interactions of SARS and SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory animals used in research.}, }
@article {pmid32651752, year = {2020}, author = {Lynch, A and O'Neill, D}, title = {Older people and COVID-19 updates by medical postgraduate colleges in UK and Ireland.}, journal = {European geriatric medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s41999-020-00351-w}, pmid = {32651752}, issn = {1878-7649}, }
@article {pmid32651741, year = {2020}, author = {Jang, Y and Seo, SH}, title = {Gene expression pattern differences in primary human pulmonary epithelial cells infected with MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Archives of virology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00705-020-04730-3}, pmid = {32651741}, issn = {1432-8798}, abstract = {Coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infect the human respiratory tract and can cause severe pneumonia. Disease severity and outcomes are different for these two infections: the human mortality rate for MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 is over 30% and less than 10%, respectively. Here, using microarray assay, we analyzed the global alterations in gene expression induced by MERS-CoV or SARS-CoV-2 infections in primary human pulmonary epithelial cells. Overall, the number of differentially expressed genes was higher in human lung cells infected with MERS-CoV than in cells with SARS-CoV-2. Out of 44,556 genes analyzed, 127 and 50 were differentially expressed in cells infected with MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, respectively (> 2-fold increase, compared to uninfected cells). Of these, only eight genes, including the one coding for CXCL8, were similarly modulated (upregulated or downregulated) by the two coronaviruses. Importantly, these results were virus-specific and not conditioned by differences in viral load, and viral growth curves were similar in human lung cells infected with both viruses. Our results suggest that these distinct gene expression profiles, detected early after infection by these two coronaviruses, may help us understand the differences in clinical outcomes of MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 infections.}, }
@article {pmid32651736, year = {2020}, author = {Zhao, K and Li, R and Wu, X and Zhao, Y and Wang, T and Zheng, Z and Zeng, S and Ding, X and Nie, H}, title = {Clinical features in 52 patients with COVID-19 who have increased leukocyte count: a retrospective analysis.}, journal = {European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10096-020-03976-8}, pmid = {32651736}, issn = {1435-4373}, abstract = {Recent reports have showed that a proportion of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presented elevated leukocyte count. Clinical data about these patients is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the clinical findings of patients with COVID-19 who have increased leukocyte at admission. We retrospectively collected the clinical data on the 52 patients who have increased leukocyte count at admission from the 619 patients with confirmed COVID-19 who had pneumonia with abnormal features on chest CT scan in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University in Wuhan, China, from February 3 to March 3, 2020. The mean age of the 52 patients with increased leukocyte count was 64.7 (SD 11.4) years, 32 (61.5%) were men and 47 (90.4%) had fever. Compared with the patients with non-increased leukocyte count, the patients with increased leukocyte count were significantly older (P < 0.01), were more likely to have underlying chronic diseases (P < 0.01), more likely to develop critically illness (P < 0.01), more likely to admit to an ICU (P < 0.01), more likely to receive mechanical ventilation (P < 0.01), had higher rate of death (P < 0.01) and the blood levels of neutrophil count and the serum concentrations of CRP and IL-6 were significantly increased, (P < 0.01). The older patients with COVID-19 who had underlying chronic disorders are more likely to develop leukocytosis. These patients are more likely to develop critical illness, with a high admission to an ICU and a high mortality rate.}, }
@article {pmid32651728, year = {2020}, author = {Weinberger-Litman, SL and Litman, L and Rosen, Z and Rosmarin, DH and Rosenzweig, C}, title = {A Look at the First Quarantined Community in the USA: Response of Religious Communal Organizations and Implications for Public Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of religion and health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s10943-020-01064-x}, pmid = {32651728}, issn = {1573-6571}, abstract = {The current study examined anxiety and distress among members of the first community to be quarantined in the USA due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition to being historically significant, the current sample was unusual in that those quarantined were all members of a Modern Orthodox Jewish community and were connected via religious institutions at which exposure may have occurred. We sought to explore the community and religious factors unique to this sample, as they relate to the psychological and public health impact of quarantine. Community organizations were trusted more than any other source of COVID-19-related information, including federal, state and other government agencies, including the CDC, WHO and media news sources. This was supported qualitatively with open-ended responses in which participants described the range of supports organized by community organizations. These included tangible needs (i.e., food delivery), social support, virtual religious services, and dissemination of COVID-19-related information. The overall levels of distress and anxiety were elevated and directly associated with what was reported to be largely inadequate and inconsistent health-related information received from local departments of health. In addition, the majority of participants felt that perception of or concern about future stigma related to a COVID-19 diagnosis or association of COVID-19 with the Jewish community was high and also significantly predicted distress and anxiety. The current study demonstrates the ways in which religious institutions can play a vital role in promoting the well-being of their constituents. During this unprecedented pandemic, public health authorities have an opportunity to form partnerships with religious institutions in the common interests of promoting health, relaying accurate information and supporting the psychosocial needs of community members, as well as protecting communities against stigma and discrimination.}, }
@article {pmid32651717, year = {2020}, author = {Preti, E and Di Mattei, V and Perego, G and Ferrari, F and Mazzetti, M and Taranto, P and Di Pierro, R and Madeddu, F and Calati, R}, title = {The Psychological Impact of Epidemic and Pandemic Outbreaks on Healthcare Workers: Rapid Review of the Evidence.}, journal = {Current psychiatry reports}, volume = {22}, number = {8}, pages = {43}, doi = {10.1007/s11920-020-01166-z}, pmid = {32651717}, issn = {1535-1645}, abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We aim to provide quantitative evidence on the psychological impact of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks (i.e., SARS, MERS, COVID-19, ebola, and influenza A) on healthcare workers (HCWs).
RECENT FINDINGS: Forty-four studies are included in this review. Between 11 and 73.4% of HCWs, mainly including physicians, nurses, and auxiliary staff, reported post-traumatic stress symptoms during outbreaks, with symptoms lasting after 1-3 years in 10-40%. Depressive symptoms are reported in 27.5-50.7%, insomnia symptoms in 34-36.1%, and severe anxiety symptoms in 45%. General psychiatric symptoms during outbreaks have a range comprised between 17.3 and 75.3%; high levels of stress related to working are reported in 18.1 to 80.1%. Several individual and work-related features can be considered risk or protective factors, such as personality characteristics, the level of exposure to affected patients, and organizational support. Empirical evidence underlines the need to address the detrimental effects of epidemic/pandemic outbreaks on HCWs' mental health. Recommendations should include the assessment and promotion of coping strategies and resilience, special attention to frontline HCWs, provision of adequate protective supplies, and organization of online support services.}, }
@article {pmid32651712, year = {2020}, author = {Chang, DG and Park, JB and Baek, GH and Kim, HJ and Bosco, A and Hey, HWD and Lee, CK}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on orthopaedic resident education: a nationwide survey study in South Korea.}, journal = {International orthopaedics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00264-020-04714-7}, pmid = {32651712}, issn = {1432-5195}, abstract = {PURPOSE: There have not been well-designed survey studies investigating the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on orthopaedic resident education.
METHODS: A 58-question, web-based survey was administered to orthopaedic residents in South Korea. A total of 229 orthopaedic residents from 43 hospitals completed the survey questionnaire.
RESULTS: The average working time of 72.7 hours/week before the pandemic was decreased to 65.6 hours/week during the pandemic (p < 0.001). The time working in the operating room was significantly decreased during the pandemic, but not in the emergency centre and outpatient clinic. The education times for lecture and clinical case discussion were decreased during the pandemic (both, p < 0.001), respectively. While the use of traditional teaching methods was decreased, the use of online-based teaching methods was increased (p < 0.001). However, satisfaction level with online-based teaching methods was significantly lower compared with that of traditional teaching methods. The average working time exposed to the patients with COVID-19 was 9.7 hours/week. About 47.6% of orthopaedic residents experienced isolation or quarantine. The average score for quality of life, which was 68.9 out of 100 scores before the pandemic, decreased to 61.7 during the pandemic (p < 0.001). The most stressful factor for orthopaedic residents during the pandemic was family/relative health, followed by their own health and residency program.
CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on orthopaedic resident education in South Korea. Therefore, flexible and sustainable strategies are necessary to prepare for the future as well as the current pandemic situation.}, }
@article {pmid32651686, year = {2020}, author = {Mori, M and Ikeda, N and Taketomi, A and Asahi, Y and Takesue, Y and Orimo, T and Ono, M and Kuwayama, T and Nakamura, S and Yamada, Y and Kuroda, T and Yuzawa, K and Hibi, T and Nagano, H and Unno, M and Kitagawa, Y}, title = {COVID-19: clinical issues from the Japan Surgical Society.}, journal = {Surgery today}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00595-020-02047-x}, pmid = {32651686}, issn = {1436-2813}, abstract = {In this unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic, several key issues must be addressed to ensure safe treatment and prevent rapid spread of the virus and a consequential medical crisis. Careful evaluation of a patient's condition is crucial for deciding the triage plan, based on the status of the disease and comorbidities. As functionality of the medical care system is greatly affected by the environmental situation, the treatment may differ according to the medical and infectious disease circumstances of the institution. Importantly, all medical staff must prevent nosocomial COVID-19 by minimizing the effects of aerosol spread and developing diagnostic and surgical procedures. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for COVID-19 infection, particularly in asymptomatic patients, should be encouraged as these patients are prone to postoperative respiratory failure. In this article, the Japan Surgical Society addresses the general principles of surgical treatment in relation to COVID-19 infection and advocates preventive measures against viral transmission during this unimaginable COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32651671, year = {2020}, author = {Garibaldi, M and Siciliano, G and Antonini, G}, title = {Telemedicine for neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 outbreak.}, journal = {Journal of neurology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00415-020-10063-7}, pmid = {32651671}, issn = {1432-1459}, }
@article {pmid32651664, year = {2020}, author = {Asokan, I and Rabadia, SV and Yang, EH}, title = {Correction to: The COVID-19 Pandemic and its Impact on the Cardio-Oncology Population.}, journal = {Current oncology reports}, volume = {22}, number = {9}, pages = {95}, doi = {10.1007/s11912-020-00957-0}, pmid = {32651664}, issn = {1534-6269}, abstract = {In light of the recent retraction of the New England Journal of Medicine article entitled "Cardiovascular Disease, Drug Therapy, and Mortality in COVID-19" (Mehra et al., full citation provided below), the authors would like to remove the following statement, which appeared on page 2, under the heading Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32651656, year = {2020}, author = {Gitt, AK and Karcher, AK and Zahn, R and Zeymer, U}, title = {Collateral damage of COVID-19-lockdown in Germany: decline of NSTE-ACS admissions.}, journal = {Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00392-020-01705-x}, pmid = {32651656}, issn = {1861-0692}, }
@article {pmid32651593, year = {2020}, author = {Cénat, JM and Dalexis, RD and Kokou-Kpolou, CK and Mukunzi, JN and Rousseau, C}, title = {Social inequalities and collateral damages of the COVID-19 pandemic: when basic needs challenge mental health care.}, journal = {International journal of public health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1007/s00038-020-01426-y}, pmid = {32651593}, issn = {1661-8564}, }
@article {pmid32651592, year = {2020}, author = {Paslakis, G and Dimitropoulos, G and Katzman, DK}, title = {A call to action to address COVID-19-induced global food insecurity to prevent hunger, malnutrition, and eating pathology.}, journal = {Nutrition reviews}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/nutrit/nuaa069}, pmid = {32651592}, issn = {1753-4887}, abstract = {The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to food shortages, increased food prices, and loss of income. As a result, global food insecurity alerts have been issued. The pandemic threatens millions of children and adolescents and their families currently living with or at risk for development of food insecurity. The lack of consistent access to nutritious food sources is associated with chronic physical and mental health problems and death. Studies on food insecurity and eating pathology have heightened our concern about the impact the added effect of the pandemic may have on eating behaviors of children and adolescents. Here, we want to draw attention to the need for making food security and healthy eating attitudes and behaviors a global priority during the COVID-19 pandemic to guarantee the current and future health and well-being of our children and adolescents.}, }
@article {pmid32651586, year = {2020}, author = {Schlom, J and Donahue, RN}, title = {Do Not Minimize the Impact of Cellular Immunity in the Development of Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19.}, journal = {The Journal of infectious diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/infdis/jiaa415}, pmid = {32651586}, issn = {1537-6613}, }
@article {pmid32651581, year = {2020}, author = {Zost, SJ and Gilchuk, P and Chen, RE and Case, JB and Reidy, JX and Trivette, A and Nargi, RS and Sutton, RE and Suryadevara, N and Chen, EC and Binshtein, E and Shrihari, S and Ostrowski, M and Chu, HY and Didier, JE and MacRenaris, KW and Jones, T and Day, S and Myers, L and Eun-Hyung Lee, F and Nguyen, DC and Sanz, I and Martinez, DR and Rothlauf, PW and Bloyet, LM and Whelan, SPJ and Baric, RS and Thackray, LB and Diamond, MS and Carnahan, RH and Crowe, JE}, title = {Rapid isolation and profiling of a diverse panel of human monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein.}, journal = {Nature medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41591-020-0998-x}, pmid = {32651581}, issn = {1546-170X}, support = {HR0011-18-2-0001//United States Department of Defense | Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)/ ; 75N93019C0007//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 75N93019C00062/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; T32 AI 095202//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ; 1S10RR028106//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)/ ; UL1 RR024975-01//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)/ ; UL1 TR000445-06//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Center for Research Resources (NCRR)/ ; 2019 Future Insight Prize//Merck KGaA | EMD Serono (EMD Serono, Inc.)/ ; Dolly Parton COVID-19 Research Fund//Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC)/ ; Postdoctoral Fellowship//Helen Hay Whitney Foundation (HHWF)/ ; }, abstract = {Antibodies are a principal determinant of immunity for most RNA viruses and have promise to reduce infection or disease during major epidemics. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a global pandemic with millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths to date1,2. In response, we used a rapid antibody discovery platform to isolate hundreds of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. We stratify these mAbs into five major classes on the basis of their reactivity to subdomains of S protein as well as their cross-reactivity to SARS-CoV. Many of these mAbs inhibit infection of authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus, with most neutralizing mAbs recognizing the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S. This work defines sites of vulnerability on SARS-CoV-2 S and demonstrates the speed and robustness of advanced antibody discovery platforms.}, }
@article {pmid32651579, year = {2020}, author = {Gupta, A and Madhavan, MV and Sehgal, K and Nair, N and Mahajan, S and Sehrawat, TS and Bikdeli, B and Ahluwalia, N and Ausiello, JC and Wan, EY and Freedberg, DE and Kirtane, AJ and Parikh, SA and Maurer, MS and Nordvig, AS and Accili, D and Bathon, JM and Mohan, S and Bauer, KA and Leon, MB and Krumholz, HM and Uriel, N and Mehra, MR and Elkind, MSV and Stone, GW and Schwartz, A and Ho, DD and Bilezikian, JP and Landry, DW}, title = {Extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19.}, journal = {Nature medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41591-020-0968-3}, pmid = {32651579}, issn = {1546-170X}, support = {T32 - HL007854//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; K23- DK111847//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; PR-181960//U.S. Department of Defense (United States Department of Defense)/ ; 5T32 - NS007153//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)/ ; R01 - AR050026//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)/ ; U01- AR068043//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)/ ; R01 - MD014161//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)/ ; U01- DK116066//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases)/ ; K08-HL122526//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; R01 - HL152236//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; R03 - HL146881//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)/ ; }, abstract = {Although COVID-19 is most well known for causing substantial respiratory pathology, it can also result in several extrapulmonary manifestations. These conditions include thrombotic complications, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia, acute coronary syndromes, acute kidney injury, gastrointestinal symptoms, hepatocellular injury, hyperglycemia and ketosis, neurologic illnesses, ocular symptoms, and dermatologic complications. Given that ACE2, the entry receptor for the causative coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is expressed in multiple extrapulmonary tissues, direct viral tissue damage is a plausible mechanism of injury. In addition, endothelial damage and thromboinflammation, dysregulation of immune responses, and maladaptation of ACE2-related pathways might all contribute to these extrapulmonary manifestations of COVID-19. Here we review the extrapulmonary organ-specific pathophysiology, presentations and management considerations for patients with COVID-19 to aid clinicians and scientists in recognizing and monitoring the spectrum of manifestations, and in developing research priorities and therapeutic strategies for all organ systems involved.}, }
@article {pmid32651570, year = {2020}, author = {Lu, F and Tellier, M}, title = {CRISPRing for host genes regulating SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41577-020-0400-8}, pmid = {32651570}, issn = {1474-1741}, }
@article {pmid32651569, year = {2020}, author = {Pavillet, CE and Selvakumar, TA}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 on the neural battleground.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41577-020-0399-x}, pmid = {32651569}, issn = {1474-1741}, }
@article {pmid32651568, year = {2020}, author = {Garner, L and Cifuentes, L}, title = {T cell renaissance in COVID-19.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41577-020-0401-7}, pmid = {32651568}, issn = {1474-1741}, }
@article {pmid32651556, year = {2020}, author = {Vogels, CBF and Brito, AF and Wyllie, AL and Fauver, JR and Ott, IM and Kalinich, CC and Petrone, ME and Casanovas-Massana, A and Catherine Muenker, M and Moore, AJ and Klein, J and Lu, P and Lu-Culligan, A and Jiang, X and Kim, DJ and Kudo, E and Mao, T and Moriyama, M and Oh, JE and Park, A and Silva, J and Song, E and Takahashi, T and Taura, M and Tokuyama, M and Venkataraman, A and Weizman, OE and Wong, P and Yang, Y and Cheemarla, NR and White, EB and Lapidus, S and Earnest, R and Geng, B and Vijayakumar, P and Odio, C and Fournier, J and Bermejo, S and Farhadian, S and Dela Cruz, CS and Iwasaki, A and Ko, AI and Landry, ML and Foxman, EF and Grubaugh, ND}, title = {Analytical sensitivity and efficiency comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR primer-probe sets.}, journal = {Nature microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41564-020-0761-6}, pmid = {32651556}, issn = {2058-5276}, abstract = {The recent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exemplifies the critical need for accurate and rapid diagnostic assays to prompt clinical and public health interventions. Currently, several quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR) assays are being used by clinical, research and public health laboratories. However, it is currently unclear whether results from different tests are comparable. Our goal was to make independent evaluations of primer-probe sets used in four common SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic assays. From our comparisons of RT-qPCR analytical efficiency and sensitivity, we show that all primer-probe sets can be used to detect SARS-CoV-2 at 500 viral RNA copies per reaction. The exception for this is the RdRp-SARSr (Charité) confirmatory primer-probe set which has low sensitivity, probably due to a mismatch to circulating SARS-CoV-2 in the reverse primer. We did not find evidence for background amplification with pre-COVID-19 samples or recent SARS-CoV-2 evolution decreasing sensitivity. Our recommendation for SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing is to select an assay with high sensitivity and that is regionally used, to ease comparability between outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid32651555, year = {2020}, author = {Di Maira, T and Berenguer, M}, title = {COVID-19 and liver transplantation.}, journal = {Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41575-020-0347-z}, pmid = {32651555}, issn = {1759-5053}, }
@article {pmid32651545, year = {2020}, author = {Chatziralli, I and Ventura, CV and Touhami, S and Reynolds, R and Nassisi, M and Weinberg, T and Pakzad-Vaezi, K and Anaya, D and Mustapha, M and Plant, A and Yuan, M and Loewenstein, A and , }, title = {Transforming ophthalmic education into virtual learning during COVID-19 pandemic: a global perspective.}, journal = {Eye (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41433-020-1080-0}, pmid = {32651545}, issn = {1476-5454}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has imposed measures of social distancing and barriers in delivery of "in person" education. Institutions, involved in training the next generation of ophthalmologists, are using alternative teaching methods to maintain the standard of education.
METHODS: We conducted a worldwide survey among physicians, who are actively involved in Ophthalmology-related education, between 3 and 14 April 2020. The expert survey, developed on the basis of literature search and focus group discussions, comprised 23 questions addressing the use of e-learning in Ophthalmology during the COVID-19 pandemic.
RESULTS: A total of 321 participants from both academic and non-academic institutions worldwide, with variable practice experience and expertise, completed the survey. Before the pandemic, the majority of participants used traditional training modalities, including lectures, grand rounds and journal clubs, and 48% did not use any e-learning. There was a statistically significant increase in the use of all e-learning alternatives during the pandemic (p < 0.001), associated mainly with the availability of e-learning facilities (p < 0.001) and the academic character of institutions (p < 0.001). Zoom® was recognized as the mostly used platform for virtual teaching. Although theoretical teaching may take place, the surgical training of residents/fellows was dramatically reduced. The latter was significantly associated with participants' perspectives about teaching practices (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic imposed great challenges in the educational field of Ophthalmology. The experience related to virtual training in Ophthalmology, gained during the pandemic, may change the traditional teaching practices in the world and provide new educational opportunities.}, }
@article {pmid32651513, year = {2020}, author = {Jevon, P and Shamsi, S}, title = {COVID-19 and medical emergencies in the dental practice.}, journal = {British dental journal}, volume = {229}, number = {1}, pages = {19-24}, doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-1782-5}, pmid = {32651513}, issn = {1476-5373}, abstract = {As the government's coronavirus (COVID-19) lockdown starts to be eased and the NHS starts entering phase two of its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, dental practices are expecting a sharp increase in the need for dental treatment. Dental care professionals will have legitimate concerns regarding the risk of transmission of COVID-19, particularly if required to respond to a medical emergency, such as a cardiac arrest. This article provides an overview on being prepared for, and responding to, such an emergency, with particular reference to recently published Resuscitation Council (UK) guidance. A suggested aide-memoire for managing a COVID-19 resuscitation situation is also included, which the authors hope will help dental practices to devise guidelines to meet their local needs, as well as promoting the team response to such a difficult and challenging event.}, }
@article {pmid32651512, year = {2020}, author = {Crighton, AJ and McCann, CT and Todd, EJ and Brown, AJ}, title = {Safe use of paracetamol and high-dose NSAID analgesia in dentistry during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {British dental journal}, volume = {229}, number = {1}, pages = {15-18}, doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-1784-3}, pmid = {32651512}, issn = {1476-5373}, abstract = {With dental services currently altered, dentists are being asked to provide advice, analgesia and antibiotics in situations where they would normally be offering operative care. Dentists are familiar with using analgesia for short courses for their patients, but using higher-dose regimes and for periods of over two weeks brings special challenges. This paper reviews the areas where special precautions are needed when using analgesia in the current situation.}, }
@article {pmid32651510, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Documenting COVID-19 at the National Library of Scotland.}, journal = {British dental journal}, volume = {229}, number = {1}, pages = {11}, doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-1886-y}, pmid = {32651510}, issn = {1476-5373}, }
@article {pmid32651500, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {BES announce new COVID-19 research grant.}, journal = {British dental journal}, volume = {229}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-1876-0}, pmid = {32651500}, issn = {1476-5373}, }
@article {pmid32651499, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Joint statement on the provision of a dental prophylaxis under COVID-19 alert status.}, journal = {British dental journal}, volume = {229}, number = {1}, pages = {7}, doi = {10.1038/s41415-020-1858-2}, pmid = {32651499}, issn = {1476-5373}, }
@article {pmid32651472, year = {2020}, author = {Bouffanais, R and Lim, SS}, title = {Cities - try to predict superspreading hotspots for COVID-19.}, journal = {Nature}, volume = {583}, number = {7816}, pages = {352-355}, doi = {10.1038/d41586-020-02072-3}, pmid = {32651472}, issn = {1476-4687}, }
@article {pmid32651469, year = {2020}, author = {Wang, X and Xu, W and Hu, G and Xia, S and Sun, Z and Liu, Z and Xie, Y and Zhang, R and Jiang, S and Lu, L}, title = {Retraction Note to: SARS-CoV-2 infects T lymphocytes through its spike protein-mediated membrane fusion.}, journal = {Cellular & molecular immunology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1038/s41423-020-0498-4}, pmid = {32651469}, issn = {2042-0226}, abstract = {An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.}, }
@article {pmid32651341, year = {2020}, author = {Soheili, S and Shariat, A and Anastasio, A}, title = {Modification of existing occupational therapeutic protocols in response to new normal life after COVID 19: Letter to the Editor.}, journal = {Work (Reading, Mass.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3233/WOR-203192}, pmid = {32651341}, issn = {1875-9270}, }
@article {pmid32651328, year = {2020}, author = {Capozzo, R and Zoccolella, S and Frisullo, ME and Barone, R and Dell'Abate, MT and Barulli, MR and Musio, M and Accogli, M and Logroscino, G}, title = {Telemedicine for Delivery of Care in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration During COVID-19 Pandemic: Results from Southern Italy.}, journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3233/JAD-200589}, pmid = {32651328}, issn = {1875-8908}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic is changing clinical practice in neurology, after the governments decided the introduction of social distancing and interruption of medical non-emergency services in many countries. Teleneurology is an effective tool for the remote evaluation of patients but its adoption for frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTD) is in a preliminary stage.
OBJECTIVE: We evaluated multidisciplinary assessment of patients with FTD using telehealth during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS: All patients received a diagnosis of FTD during 2018-2019 according to international criteria. A structured questionnaire and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR)-FTD were used by the neurologist with patients and/or caregivers. Index symptoms of COVID-19 infection were searched.
RESULTS: Twenty-eight clinical interviews were completed with caregivers and four with both patients/caregivers. Most patients and caregivers were satisfied with the neurological interview and expressed their willingness to continue to be included in remote evaluation programs (90%). Fifty percent of patients experienced significant worsening of clinical picture and quality of life since the start of social distancing. The CDR-FTD scale revealed a significant worsening of behavior (p = 0.01) and language functions (p = 0.009), compared to the last in-person evaluation at the center. One patient presented index symptoms of COVID-19 infection and was confirmed to be positive for COVID-19 with pharyngeal swab.
CONCLUSION: The study was conducted in Italy, one of the countries hit particularly hard by the COVID-19 pandemic, with interruption of all non-emergency medical services. Our study indicates that telemedicine is a valid tool to triage patients with FTD to increase practice outreach and efficiency.}, }
@article {pmid32651326, year = {2020}, author = {Tousi, B}, title = {Dementia Care in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3233/JAD-200461}, pmid = {32651326}, issn = {1875-8908}, abstract = {Patients with dementia are particularly vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The initial response to COVID-19 promoted behavioral changes in both society and healthcare, while a long-term solution is sought by prioritizing societal values. In addition, there has been disruption to clinical care and clinical research. This pandemic might have significantly changed the care for our patients with dementia toward increased acceptance of telemedicine by the patients and providers, and its utilization in both clinical care and research.}, }
@article {pmid32651306, year = {2020}, author = {Fakiri, KE and Nassih, H and Sab, IA and Draiss, G and Bouskraoui, M}, title = {Epidemiology and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Moroccan Children.}, journal = {Indian pediatrics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {32651306}, issn = {0974-7559}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the epidemiological and clinical features of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a Moroccan pediatric population.
METHODS: A retrospective study of a cohort of 74 children with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19. We collected information on clinical and laboratory features of all children (age <18 years) admitted between 2 March, 2020 and 1 April, 2020.
RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of the 74 children (40 girls) was 7 (1.5) years. The mean (SD) time from illness onset to diagnosis was 2 (1) days. 54 children were asymptomatic, while eight had fever, and five cases had cough. Recovery was after a mean (SD) of 12 (1) days.
CONCLUSION: COVID-19 was mostly mild in the pediatric population in Morocco.}, }
@article {pmid32651305, year = {2020}, author = {Jain, J and Jain, S}, title = {Postnatally-Acquired COVID-19 in Central India.}, journal = {Indian pediatrics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, pmid = {32651305}, issn = {0974-7559}, }
@article {pmid32651302, year = {2020}, author = {Demasi, M}, title = {COVID-19 and metabolic syndrome: could diet be the key?.}, journal = {BMJ evidence-based medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111451}, pmid = {32651302}, issn = {2515-4478}, }
@article {pmid32651281, year = {2020}, author = {Bartik, AW and Bertrand, M and Cullen, Z and Glaeser, EL and Luca, M and Stanton, C}, title = {The impact of COVID-19 on small business outcomes and expectations.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2006991117}, pmid = {32651281}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {To explore the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on small businesses, we conducted a survey of more than 5,800 small businesses between March 28 and April 4, 2020. Several themes emerged. First, mass layoffs and closures had already occurred-just a few weeks into the crisis. Second, the risk of closure was negatively associated with the expected length of the crisis. Moreover, businesses had widely varying beliefs about the likely duration of COVID-related disruptions. Third, many small businesses are financially fragile: The median business with more than $10,000 in monthly expenses had only about 2 wk of cash on hand at the time of the survey. Fourth, the majority of businesses planned to seek funding through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act. However, many anticipated problems with accessing the program, such as bureaucratic hassles and difficulties establishing eligibility. Using experimental variation, we also assess take-up rates and business resilience effects for loans relative to grants-based programs.}, }
@article {pmid32651280, year = {2020}, author = {Xie, W and Campbell, S and Zhang, W}, title = {Working memory capacity predicts individual differences in social-distancing compliance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2008868117}, pmid = {32651280}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {Noncompliance with social distancing during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great challenge to the public health system. These noncompliance behaviors partly reflect people's concerns for the inherent costs of social distancing while discounting its public health benefits. We propose that this oversight may be associated with the limitation in one's mental capacity to simultaneously retain multiple pieces of information in working memory (WM) for rational decision making that leads to social-distancing compliance. We tested this hypothesis in 850 United States residents during the first 2 wk following the presidential declaration of national emergency because of the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that participants' social-distancing compliance at this initial stage could be predicted by individual differences in WM capacity, partly due to increased awareness of benefits over costs of social distancing among higher WM capacity individuals. Critically, the unique contribution of WM capacity to the individual differences in social-distancing compliance could not be explained by other psychological and socioeconomic factors (e.g., moods, personality, education, and income levels). Furthermore, the critical role of WM capacity in social-distancing compliance can be generalized to the compliance with another set of rules for social interactions, namely the fairness norm, in Western cultures. Collectively, our data reveal contributions of a core cognitive process underlying social-distancing compliance during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting a potential cognitive venue for developing strategies to mitigate a public health crisis.}, }
@article {pmid32651279, year = {2020}, author = {Verdery, AM and Smith-Greenaway, E and Margolis, R and Daw, J}, title = {Tracking the reach of COVID-19 kin loss with a bereavement multiplier applied to the United States.}, journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1073/pnas.2007476117}, pmid = {32651279}, issn = {1091-6490}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a large increase in mortality in the United States and around the world, leaving many grieving the sudden loss of family members. We created an indicator-the COVID-19 bereavement multiplier-that estimates the average number of individuals who will experience the death of a close relative (defined as a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child) for each COVID-19 death. Using demographic microsimulation-based estimates of kinship networks in the United States, the clear age gradient in COVID-19 mortality seen across contexts, and several hypothetical infection prevalence scenarios, we estimate COVID-19 bereavement multipliers for White and Black individuals in the United States. Our analysis shows that for every COVID-19 death, approximately nine surviving Americans will lose a grandparent, parent, sibling, spouse, or child. These estimates imply, for example, that if 190,000 Americans die from COVID-19, as some models project, then ∼1.7 million will experience the death of a close relative. We demonstrate that our estimates of the bereavement multiplier are stable across epidemiological realities, including infection scenarios, total number of deaths, and the distribution of deaths, which means researchers can estimate the bereavement burden over the course of the epidemic in lockstep with rising death tolls. In addition, we provide estimates of bereavement multipliers by age group, types of kin loss, and race to illuminate prospective disparities. The bereavement multiplier is a useful indicator for tracking COVID-19's multiplicative impact as it reverberates across American families and can be tailored to other causes of death.}, }
@article {pmid32651254, year = {2020}, author = {Russ, MJ and Sisti, D and Wilner, PJ}, title = {When patients refuse COVID-19 testing, quarantine, and social distancing in inpatient psychiatry: clinical and ethical challenges.}, journal = {Journal of medical ethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/medethics-2020-106613}, pmid = {32651254}, issn = {1473-4257}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new ethical challenges in the care of patients with serious psychiatric illness who require inpatient treatment and who may have beeen exposed to COVID-19 or have mild to moderate COVID-19 but refuse testing and adherence to infection prevention protocols. Such situations increase the risk of infection to other patients and staff on psychiatric inpatient units. We discuss medical and ethical considerations for navigating this dilemma and offer a set of policy recommendations.}, }
@article {pmid32651252, year = {2020}, author = {Camporesi, S and Mori, M}, title = {Ethicists, doctors and triage decisions: who should decide? And on what basis?.}, journal = {Journal of medical ethics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/medethics-2020-106499}, pmid = {32651252}, issn = {1473-4257}, abstract = {We report here an emerging dispute in Italy concerning triage criteria for critically ill covid-19 patients, and how best to support doctors having to make difficult decisions in a context of insufficient life saving resources. The dispute we present is particularly significant as it juxtaposes two opposite views of who should make triage decisions, and how doctors should best be supported. There are both empirical and normative questions at stake here. The empirical questions pertain to the available level of evidence that healthcare professionals would rather not be left alone with their 'clinical judgments' to make triage decisions, and to the accounts of distributive justice that doctors and healthcare professionals rely on, when making triage decisions. The normative questions pertain to how this empirical evidence should inform guidelines on how prioritisation decisions are made in a context of emergency, and who gets to have the authority to do so. This debate goes beyond the discussion of the care of critically ill patients with COVID-19 and has broader implications beyond the national context for the discussion of how to relieve moral distress in contexts of imbalances between healthcare resources and clinical needs of a population.}, }
@article {pmid32651248, year = {2020}, author = {Hübers, A and Lascano, AM and Lalive, PH}, title = {Management of patients with generalised myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: four case reports.}, journal = {Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp-2020-323565}, pmid = {32651248}, issn = {1468-330X}, }
@article {pmid32651243, year = {2020}, author = {Delamarre, L and Gollion, C and Grouteau, G and Rousset, D and Jimena, G and Roustan, J and Gaussiat, F and Aldigé, E and Gaffard, C and Duplantier, J and Martin, C and Fourcade, O and Bost, C and Fortenfant, F and Delobel, P and Martin-Blondel, G and Pariente, J and Bonneville, F and Geeraerts, T and , }, title = {COVID-19-associated acute necrotising encephalopathy successfully treated with steroids and polyvalent immunoglobulin with unusual IgG targeting the cerebral fibre network.}, journal = {Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/jnnp-2020-323678}, pmid = {32651243}, issn = {1468-330X}, }
@article {pmid32651239, year = {2020}, author = {Tanne, JH}, title = {Covid-19: US cases soar as Trump pushes for schools to open.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2803}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2803}, pmid = {32651239}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651238, year = {2020}, author = {Fung, B and Gopez, A and Servellita, V and Arevalo, S and Ho, C and Deucher, A and Thornborrow, E and Chiu, C and Miller, S}, title = {Direct Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Analytical Limits of Detection across Seven Molecular Assays.}, journal = {Journal of clinical microbiology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1128/JCM.01535-20}, pmid = {32651238}, issn = {1098-660X}, abstract = {Analytical sensitivity for SARS-CoV-2 detection is a key performance metric for evaluation of viral detection assays. We determined analytical limits of detection for seven SARS-CoV-2 assays using serial dilutions of pooled patient material quantified with droplet digital PCR. Limits of detection ranged from ≤10-74 copies/mL for commercial high-throughput laboratory analyzers (Roche Cobas, Abbott m2000, Hologic Panther Fusion) and 167-511 copies/mL for sample to answer (Diasorin Simplexa, Genmark ePlex) and point of care instruments (Abbott ID NOW). The CDC assay yielded limits of detection ranging from 85-499 copies/mL, depending on the extraction method and thermocycler used. These results can help to inform the assay choice for testing approaches to manage the current COVID-19 outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid32651224, year = {2020}, author = {Goldsmith, CS and Miller, SE}, title = {Caution in Identifying Coronaviruses by Electron Microscopy.}, journal = {Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1681/ASN.2020050755}, pmid = {32651224}, issn = {1533-3450}, }
@article {pmid32651218, year = {2020}, author = {Orlov, M and Wander, PL and Morrell, ED and Mikacenic, C and Wurfel, MM}, title = {A Case for Targeting Th17 Cells and IL-17A in SARS-CoV-2 Infections.}, journal = {Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4049/jimmunol.2000554}, pmid = {32651218}, issn = {1550-6606}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected millions and has caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities. Risk factors for critical illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection include male gender, obesity, diabetes, and age >65. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to critical illness are poorly understood. Of interest, these comorbidities have previously been associated with increased signaling of Th17 cells. Th17 cells secrete IL-17A and are important for clearing extracellular pathogens, but inappropriate signaling has been linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently there are few treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review describes evidence linking risk factors for critical illness in COVID-19 with increased Th17 cell activation and IL-17 signaling that may lead to increased likelihood for lung injury and respiratory failure. These findings provide a basis for testing the potential use of therapies directed at modulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A signaling in the treatment of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32651212, year = {2020}, author = {Lee, JS and Park, S and Jeong, HW and Ahn, JY and Choi, SJ and Lee, H and Choi, B and Nam, SK and Sa, M and Kwon, JS and Jeong, SJ and Lee, HK and Park, SH and Park, SH and Choi, JY and Kim, SH and Jung, I and Shin, EC}, title = {Immunophenotyping of COVID-19 and influenza highlights the role of type I interferons in development of severe COVID-19.}, journal = {Science immunology}, volume = {5}, number = {49}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1126/sciimmunol.abd1554}, pmid = {32651212}, issn = {2470-9468}, abstract = {Although most SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals experience mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), some patients suffer from severe COVID-19, which is accompanied by acute respiratory distress syndrome and systemic inflammation. To identify factors driving severe progression of COVID-19, we performed single-cell RNA-seq using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from healthy donors, patients with mild or severe COVID-19, and patients with severe influenza. Patients with COVID-19 exhibited hyper-inflammatory signatures across all types of cells among PBMCs, particularly up-regulation of the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammatory response as compared to severe influenza. In classical monocytes from patients with severe COVID-19, type I IFN response co-existed with the TNF/IL-1β-driven inflammation, and this was not seen in patients with milder COVID-19. Interestingly, we documented type I IFN-driven inflammatory features in patients with severe influenza as well. Based on this, we propose that the type I IFN response plays a pivotal role in exacerbating inflammation in severe COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32651196, year = {2020}, author = {Liew, JW and Graef, ER}, title = {Rheumatic disease and COVID-19.}, journal = {Annals of the rheumatic diseases}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217674}, pmid = {32651196}, issn = {1468-2060}, }
@article {pmid32651180, year = {2020}, author = {Tatum, M}, title = {Will medical tourism survive covid-19?.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2677}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2677}, pmid = {32651180}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651176, year = {2020}, author = {Carley, S and Horner, D and Body, R and Mackway-Jones, K}, title = {Evidence-based medicine and COVID-19: what to believe and when to change.}, journal = {Emergency medicine journal : EMJ}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1136/emermed-2020-210098}, pmid = {32651176}, issn = {1472-0213}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge of information being presented to clinicians regarding this novel and deadly disease. There is a clear urgency to collate, review, appraise and act on this information if we are to do the best for clinicians and patients. However, the speed of the pandemic is a threat to traditional models of knowledge translation and practice change. In this concepts paper, we argue that clinicians need to be agile in their thinking and practice in order to find the right time to change. Adoption of new methods should be based on clinical judgement, the weight of evidence and the balance of probabilities that any new technique, test or treatment might work. The pandemic requires all of us to reach a new level of evidence-based medicine characterised by scepticism, thoughtfulness, responsiveness and clinically agility in practice.}, }
@article {pmid32651175, year = {2020}, author = {Iacobucci, G}, title = {Covid-19: Many trusts have not done risk assessments for ethnic minority staff, BMJ investigation finds.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2792}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2792}, pmid = {32651175}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651172, year = {2020}, author = {Iacobucci, G}, title = {Covid-19: Government is criticised for "scandalous" £10bn spent on test and trace programme.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2805}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2805}, pmid = {32651172}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651171, year = {2020}, author = {Gray, NA and Back, AL}, title = {Covid-19 communication aids.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2630}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2630}, pmid = {32651171}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651164, year = {2020}, author = {Wise, J}, title = {Covid-19: Symptoms are common after acute phase of disease, Italian study shows.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2804}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2804}, pmid = {32651164}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651163, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {Covid-19: The inside story of the RECOVERY trial.}, journal = {BMJ (Clinical research ed.)}, volume = {370}, number = {}, pages = {m2800}, doi = {10.1136/bmj.m2800}, pmid = {32651163}, issn = {1756-1833}, }
@article {pmid32651152, year = {2020}, author = {López de la Iglesia, J and Fernández-Villa, T and Rivero, A and Carvajal, A and Bay Simon, E and Martínez Martínez, M and Argüello, H and Puente, H and Fernández Vázquez, JP}, title = {Predictive factors of COVID-19 in patients with negative RT-qPCR.}, journal = {Semergen}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.semerg.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32651152}, issn = {1578-8865}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factors associated with false negatives in RT-qPCR in patients with mild-moderate symptoms of COVID-19.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that used a random sample of non-hospitalized patients from the primary care management division of the Healthcare Area of Leon (58 RT-qPCR-positive cases and 52 RT-qPCR-negative cases). Information regarding symptoms was collected and all patients were simultaneously tested using two rapid diagnostic tests - RDTs (Combined - cRDT and Differentiated - dRDT). The association between symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 infection was evaluated by non-conditional logistic regression, with estimation of Odds Ratio.
RESULTS: A total of 110 subjects were studied, 52% of whom were women (mean age: 48.2±11.0 years). There were 42.3% of negative RT-qPCRs that were positive in some RDTs. Fever over 38°C (present in 35.5% of cases) and anosmia (present in 41.8%) were the symptoms most associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relationship that remained statistically significant in patients with negative RT-qPCR and some positive RDT (aOR=6.64; 95%CI=1.33-33.13 and aOR=19.38; 95% CI=3.69-101.89, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS: RT-qPCR is the technique of choice in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it is not exempt from false negatives. Our results show that patients who present mild or moderate symptoms with negative RT-qPCR, but with fever and/or anosmia, should be considered as suspicious cases and should be evaluated with other diagnostic methods.}, }
@article {pmid32651137, year = {2020}, author = {Agrifoglio, A and Cachafeiro, L and Figueira, JC and Añón, JM and García de Lorenzo, A}, title = {COVID-19 and fungal co-infections: We must keep them in mind.}, journal = {Journal de mycologie medicale}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {101012}, doi = {10.1016/j.mycmed.2020.101012}, pmid = {32651137}, issn = {1773-0449}, }
@article {pmid32651130, year = {2020}, author = {Huang, L and Li, H and Liu, T and Chen, J}, title = {Potential Infection Risk Control in the Radiology Department during Economic Recovery after the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of medical imaging and radiation sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jmir.2020.05.005}, pmid = {32651130}, issn = {1876-7982}, }
@article {pmid32651113, year = {2020}, author = {Ren, W and Sun, H and Gao, GF and Chen, J and Sun, S and Zhao, R and Gao, G and Hu, Y and Zhao, G and Chen, Y and Jin, X and Fang, F and Chen, J and Wang, Q and Gong, S and Gao, W and Sun, Y and Su, J and He, A and Cheng, X and Li, M and Xia, C and Li, M and Sun, L}, title = {Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-Fc fusion protein induced high levels of neutralizing responses in nonhuman primates.}, journal = {Vaccine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.066}, pmid = {32651113}, issn = {1873-2518}, abstract = {The COVID-19 outbreak has become a global pandemic responsible for over 2,000,000 confirmed cases and over 126,000 deaths worldwide. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of CHO-expressed recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1-Fc fusion protein in mice, rabbits, and monkeys as a potential candidate for a COVID-19 vaccine. We demonstrate that the S1-Fc fusion protein is extremely immunogenic, as evidenced by strong antibody titers observed by day 7. Strong virus neutralizing activity was observed on day 14 in rabbits immunized with the S1-Fc fusion protein using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Most importantly, in <20 days and three injections of the S1-Fc fusion protein, two monkeys developed higher virus neutralizing titers than a recovered COVID-19 patient in a live SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. Our data strongly suggests that the CHO-expressed SARS-CoV-2 S1-Fc recombinant protein could be a strong candidate for vaccine development against COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32651106, year = {2020}, author = {La Marca, A and Capuzzo, M and Paglia, T and Roli, L and Trenti, T and Nelson, SM}, title = {Testing for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): a systematic review and clinical guide to molecular and serological in-vitro diagnostic assays.}, journal = {Reproductive biomedicine online}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.06.001}, pmid = {32651106}, issn = {1472-6491}, abstract = {The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its associated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has demanded rapid upscaling of in-vitro diagnostic assays to enable mass screening and testing of high-risk groups, and simultaneous ascertainment of robust data on past SARS-CoV-2 exposure at an individual and a population level. To meet the exponential demand in testing, there has been an accelerated development of both molecular and serological assays across a plethora of platforms. The present review discusses the current literature on these modalities, including nucleic acid amplification tests, direct viral antigen tests and the rapidly expanding laboratory-based and point of care serological tests. This suite of complementary tests will inform crucial decisions by healthcare providers and policy makers, and understanding their strengths and limitations will be critical to their judicious application for the development of algorithmic approaches to treatment and public health strategies.}, }
@article {pmid32651097, year = {2020}, author = {Guenancia, TN and Rosa, A and Damoisel, C and Mercier, FJ and Jeannin, B}, title = {Implementation of a non-invasive oxygenation support strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic in an ephemeral Respiratory Intermediate Care Unit.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.06.009}, pmid = {32651097}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32651096, year = {2020}, author = {Gremi, T and Ginesy, É and Payen, D and Lefrant, JY and Marin, B}, title = {COVID-19 studies registration worldwide for prospective studies with a specific focus on the fast-tracking of French ethic procedures.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32651096}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32651095, year = {2020}, author = {Sharma, I and Ashok, V and Puri, GD}, title = {In-hospital transfer of COVID-19 patients: Perspectives from an Indian tertiary care hospital.}, journal = {Anaesthesia, critical care & pain medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2020.06.008}, pmid = {32651095}, issn = {2352-5568}, }
@article {pmid32651092, year = {2020}, author = {Chu, H and Reid, G and Sack, A and Heryet, R and Mackie, I and Sen, SK}, title = {Changes in burn referrals and injuries during CoVid-19.}, journal = {Burns : journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.burns.2020.06.018}, pmid = {32651092}, issn = {1879-1409}, }
@article {pmid32651085, year = {2020}, author = {Florit, EA and Diekmann, F}, title = {Is the immune hyporesponsiveness of uremic patients a protective factor for severe COVID-19 pneumonia?.}, journal = {Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola Nefrologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.nefro.2020.05.002}, pmid = {32651085}, issn = {1989-2284}, }
@article {pmid32651079, year = {2020}, author = {Gupta, R and Patnaik, I and Kumar, A}, title = {Letter to the editor in response to COVID-19 presenting as acute pancreatitis.}, journal = {Pancreatology : official journal of the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) ... [et al.]}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.pan.2020.06.017}, pmid = {32651079}, issn = {1424-3911}, }
@article {pmid32651073, year = {2020}, author = {Mariscal Aguilar, P and Zamarrón De Lucas, E and Álvarez-Sala Walther, R}, title = {Lung cysts in a patient with SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.015}, pmid = {32651073}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32651072, year = {2020}, author = {Arimany-Manso, J and Martin-Fumadó, C}, title = {Medico-legal issues regarding from the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32651072}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32651071, year = {2020}, author = {García-Martínez, FJ and Moreno-Artero, E and Jahnke, S}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 and EBV coinfection.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.017}, pmid = {32651071}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32651070, year = {2020}, author = {Fernández García, L and Puentes Gutiérrez, AB and García Bascones, M}, title = {Relationship between obesity, diabetes and ICU admission in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.009}, pmid = {32651070}, issn = {1578-8989}, }
@article {pmid32651067, year = {2020}, author = {Golpe, R and Pérez-de-Llano, LA and Dacal, D and Guerrero-Sande, H and Pombo-Vide, B and Ventura-Valcárcel, P and , }, title = {Risk of severe COVID-19 in hypertensive patients treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors.}, journal = {Medicina clinica}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medcli.2020.06.013}, pmid = {32651067}, issn = {1578-8989}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: There is controversy concerning the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin II type-I receptor blockers (ARB) for treating hypertensive patients with Covid-19. It has been hypothesized that these drugs might increase the risk of severe Covid-19, but some authors suggested that blocking the renin-angiotensin system might actually decrease this risk.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of all the consecutive hypertensive patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in a health area. The outcome variable was hospitalization because of severe Covid-19.
RESULTS: 539 subjects were diagnosed of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 157 (29.1%) had hypertension and were included in the study. Sixty-nine cases (43.9%) were hospitalized because of severe Covid-19. In multivariable analysis older age, diabetes and hypertensive myocadiopathy were related to a higher risk of hospital admission. ARB treatment was associated with a significantly lower risk of hospitalization (HR: 0.29, 95% CI: 0.10 - 0.88). A similar albeit not significant trend was observed for ACEI.
CONCLUSION: ARB or ACEI treatment was not associated with a worse clinical outcome in consecutive hypertensive patients infected by SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32651042, year = {2020}, author = {Rodríguez-Gandía, MA and López-Hervás, P and Téllez, L and Gajate, L and , }, title = {Successful urgent liver transplant due to fulminant autoimmune hepatitis during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.}, journal = {Gastroenterologia y hepatologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.06.002}, pmid = {32651042}, issn = {0210-5705}, }
@article {pmid32651041, year = {2020}, author = {Uchima, H and Alvarez-Gonzalez, MA and Colan-Hernandez, J and Rivero-Sánchez, L and Barquero, D and Gornals, JB and Loras, C}, title = {Endoscopy activity in a covid-19 high-risk area (Barcelona): Moving forward (or backwards) according to the necessary resources available.}, journal = {Gastroenterologia y hepatologia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.05.008}, pmid = {32651041}, issn = {0210-5705}, }
@article {pmid32651040, year = {2020}, author = {Afra, TP and Nampoothiri, RV and Razmi T, M and Hafi, NAB}, title = {Linking hydroxychloroquine to hemolysis in a 'suspected' glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient with COVID-19 infection - a critical appraisal.}, journal = {European journal of internal medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejim.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32651040}, issn = {1879-0828}, }
@article {pmid32651031, year = {2020}, author = {Caballero, AE and Ceriello, A and Misra, A and Aschner, P and McDonnell, ME and Hassanein, M and Ji, L and Mbanya, JC and Fonseca, VA}, title = {COVID-19 in people living with diabetes: An international consensus.}, journal = {Journal of diabetes and its complications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107671}, doi = {10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107671}, pmid = {32651031}, issn = {1873-460X}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has added an enormous toll to the existing challenge of diabetes care world-wide. A large proportion of patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and/or succumbing to the disease have had diabetes and other chronic conditions as underlying risk factors. In particular, individuals belonging to racial/ethnic minorities in the U.S. and other countries have been significantly and disproportionately impacted. Multiple and complex socioeconomic factors have long played a role in increasing the risk for diabetes and now for COVID-19. Since the pandemic began, the global healthcare community has accumulated invaluable clinical experience on providing diabetes care in the setting of COVID-19. In addition, understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that link these two diseases is being developed. The current clinical management of diabetes is a work in progress, requiring a shift in patient-provider interaction beyond the walls of clinics and hospitals: the use of tele-medicine when feasible, innovative patient education programs, strategies to ensure medication and glucose testing availability and affordability, as well as numerous ideas on how to improve meal plans and physical activity. Notably, this worldwide experience offers us the possibility to not only prepare better for future disasters but also transform diabetes care beyond the COVID-19 era.}, }
@article {pmid32651024, year = {2020}, author = {Immovilli, P and Morelli, N and Rota, E and Guidetti, D}, title = {COVID-19 mortality and health-care resources: Organization.}, journal = {Medicina intensiva}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.medin.2020.05.014}, pmid = {32651024}, issn = {1578-6749}, }
@article {pmid32651020, year = {2020}, author = {Beninger, P}, title = {COVID-19: Regulatory Landscape of Medicinal and Medical Device Products for Human Use.}, journal = {Clinical therapeutics}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.06.014}, pmid = {32651020}, issn = {1879-114X}, abstract = {Against the backdrop of the COVID pandemic, the scientific and medical communities are working with all deliberate speed with state-of-the-art technologies to develop diagnostic and therapeutic products that can identify, treat, and prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2. These activities may only be legally conducted with the necessary statutes and regulations in place to facilitate the timely development, manufacturing, evaluation, and distribution of products that meet quality standards. The present regulatory landscape for medicinal and medical products for human use has been shaped by nearly 12 decades of statutory history that followed in reaction to disasters and tragedies. Five distinct, closely woven threads of statutory history have led to the regulatory infrastructure we have in place: (1) standardized processes for routine development of medicinal and medical device products for human use; (2) processes for expedited development to shorten time frames and expand patient populations; (3) mechanisms of Expanded Access to make medicinal products available to patients prior to approval of the US Food and Drug Administration; (4) Emergency Use Authorization during public health emergencies; and (5) the development of pathways for bringing generic drugs and biosimilar biologics to market. These mechanisms are being brought to bear to facilitate the defeat of infection with SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32651004, year = {2020}, author = {Silvestry, SC}, title = {Commentary: Vulnerability and resilience demonstrated: Cardiac surgeons during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, journal = {The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.05.068}, pmid = {32651004}, issn = {1097-685X}, }
@article {pmid32650979, year = {2020}, author = {Sahni, V}, title = {A protocol for the management of maxillofacial injuries in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Injury}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.injury.2020.06.037}, pmid = {32650979}, issn = {1879-0267}, abstract = {The oral & maxillofacial region and by that virtue surgery of the same is correlated to an increased risk of the transfer of the SARS CoV-2. In times of a pandemic it is imperative to institute a protocol based management of maxillofacial injuries based on currently available literature which is suggestive, simplistic, executable and amenable to modifications should the rapidly changing situation demand the same. The author, in the present study conducted a review of literature to undertake the task of forming a simplistic protocol which is readily applicable for the management of maxillofacial injuries which would not only provide the clinician guidance on what to do now but caution towards the future implications of his/her present decision.}, }
@article {pmid32650970, year = {2020}, author = {Navarro Conde, P and Alemany Monraval, P and Medina Medina, C and Jiménez Sánchez, A and Andrés Teruel, JC and Ferrando Marco, J and Puglia Santos, V and Mayordomo Aranda, E}, title = {Autopsy findings from the first known death from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-CoV-2 in Spain.}, journal = {Revista espanola de patologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica y de la Sociedad Espanola de Citologia}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {188-192}, doi = {10.1016/j.patol.2020.04.002}, pmid = {32650970}, issn = {1988-561X}, abstract = {The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, first identified in Wuhan, China in December, 2019, can cause Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) with massive alveolar damage and progressive respiratory failure. We present the relevant autopsy findings of the first patient known to have died from COVID19 pneumonia in Spain, carried out on the 14th of February, 2020, in our hospital (Hospital Arnau de Vilanova-Lliria, Valencia). Histological examination revealed typical changes of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in both the exudative and proliferative phase of acute lung injury. Intra-alveolar multinucleated giant cells, smudge cells and vascular thrombosis were present. The diagnosis was confirmed by reverse real-time PCR assay on a throat swab sample taken during the patient's admission. The positive result was reported fifteen days subsequent to autopsy.}, }
@article {pmid32650969, year = {2020}, author = {, }, title = {The first COVID-19 autopsy in Spain performed during the early stages of the pandemic.}, journal = {Revista espanola de patologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica y de la Sociedad Espanola de Citologia}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {182-187}, doi = {10.1016/j.patol.2020.05.004}, pmid = {32650969}, issn = {1988-561X}, abstract = {We describe the implementation of a COVID-19 Autopsy Programme in our Hospital, report the main findings from the first autopsy of the programme and briefly review the reports of lung pathology of these patients.}, }
@article {pmid32650964, year = {2020}, author = {Rodríguez-Peralto, JL}, title = {[The Spanish Society of Pathologists on the COVID-19 pandemic].}, journal = {Revista espanola de patologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Anatomia Patologica y de la Sociedad Espanola de Citologia}, volume = {53}, number = {3}, pages = {138-139}, doi = {10.1016/j.patol.2020.05.003}, pmid = {32650964}, issn = {1988-561X}, }
@article {pmid32650958, year = {2020}, author = {Ubhayakar, N and Liu, A}, title = {Letter to the editor: Neuroleptic malignant syndrome in COVID-19 patients by Soh et al.}, journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2020.06.038}, pmid = {32650958}, issn = {1532-8171}, }
@article {pmid32650954, year = {2020}, author = {Leibar Tamayo, A and Linares Espinós, E and Ríos González, E and Trelles Guzmán, C and Álvarez-Maestro, M and de Castro Guerín, C and Fernández-Pascual, E and Girón de Francisco, M and Gómez de Vicente, JM and Gómez Rivas, J and Mainez Rodriguez, JA and Pérez-Carral, JR and Garcia-Matres, MJ and Martinez-Piñeiro, L}, title = {Evaluation of teleconsultation system in the urological patient during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Actas urologicas espanolas}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.acuro.2020.06.002}, pmid = {32650954}, issn = {1699-7980}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The global pandemic of COVID-19 has led to rapid implementation of telemedicine, but there is little information on patient satisfaction of this system as an alternative to face-to-face care.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urological patient satisfaction with teleconsultation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, non-interventional study carried out by telephone survey during the period considered as the peak of the pandemic (March-April 2020). A quality survey composed of 11 questions on urological care provided by physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted, selecting a representative sample of patients attended by teleconsultation.
RESULTS: Two hundred patients were contacted by telephone to answer a survey on the quality of teleconsultation. The distribution of patients surveyed among the specialized consultations was homogeneous with the number of consultations cited in the period; 18% of them required assistance from family members. Sixty percent of patients avoided going to a medical center during the pandemic. Of the surveyed patients, 42% had cancelled diagnostic tests, 59% had cancelled medical consultations, 3.5% had cancelled treatments and 1% had cancelled interventions. Ten percent reported a worsening of urological symptoms during confinement. According to physicians, consultations were effectively delivered in 72% of cases, with teleconsultation being carried out by their usual urologist in 81%. Teleconsultation overall satisfaction level was 9 (IQI8-10), and 61.5% of respondents consider teleconsultation as a «health care option» after the healthcare crisis.
CONCLUSION: Teleconsultation has been evaluated with a high level of satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic, offering continuous care to urological patients during the healthcare crisis. The perceived quality offers a field of optional telematic assistance in selected patients, which should be re-evaluated in a period without confinement measures.}, }
@article {pmid32650953, year = {2020}, author = {Hellman, S and Chen, GH and Irie, T}, title = {Rapid clearing of aerosol in an intubation box by vacuum filtration.}, journal = {British journal of anaesthesia}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.017}, pmid = {32650953}, issn = {1471-6771}, }
@article {pmid32650949, year = {2020}, author = {Patel, DP and Guo, J and Hotaling, JM}, title = {The jury is still out: COVID-19 and male reproduction.}, journal = {Fertility and sterility}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.06.013}, pmid = {32650949}, issn = {1556-5653}, }
@article {pmid32650948, year = {2020}, author = {Holtmann, N and Edimiris, P and Andree, M and Doehmen, C and Baston-Buest, D and Adams, O and Kruessel, JS and Bielfeld, AP}, title = {Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen-a cohort study.}, journal = {Fertility and sterility}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.05.028}, pmid = {32650948}, issn = {1556-5653}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of viral RNA in human semen of patients with severe acute-respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and to evaluate its presence and relevance in semen parameters.
DESIGN: Pilot cohort study.
SETTING: University hospital.
PATIENT(S): Thirty-four men were distributed as: 1) patients in convalescence (patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in pharyngeal swab according to reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] or antibodies); 2) negative control group (no antibodies); and 3) patients with an acute infection (detection of SARS-CoV-2 in pharyngeal swab).
INTERVENTION: Semen and a blood sample were collected from each individual.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Analysis of semen quality according to the World Health Organization standards. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR in the native semen sample and after density gradient preparation. Confirmation of immunoglobulin (Ig) A und IgG antibodies in the blood.
RESULT(S): Eighteen semen samples from recovered men were obtained 8-54 days after absence of symptoms, 14 from control subjects, and 2 from patients with an active COVID-19 infection. No RNA was detected by means of RT-PCR in the semen, including semen samples from two patients with an acute COVID-19 infection. Subjects with a moderate infection showed an impairment of sperm quality.
CONCLUSION(S): A mild COVID-19 infection is not likely to affect testis and epididymis function, whereas semen parameters did seem impaired after a moderate infection. SARS-CoV-2 RNA could not be detected in semen of recovered and acute COVID-19-positive men. This suggests no viral transmission during sexual contact and assisted reproductive techniques, although further data need to be obtained.}, }
@article {pmid32650933, year = {2020}, author = {Tozzo, P and Politi, C and Gabbin, A and Caenazzo, L}, title = {To take care of those on the front line against Covid-19: Is it possible to limit medical liability?.}, journal = {Science & justice : journal of the Forensic Science Society}, volume = {60}, number = {4}, pages = {311-312}, doi = {10.1016/j.scijus.2020.05.001}, pmid = {32650933}, issn = {1876-4452}, abstract = {In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is important not to forget, when the emergency is controlled or even over, that those who today are defined in all Countries as "heroes" could in the future be called to answer for alleged damage from professional liability. It is necessary to be prepared, both as health professionals and from a legal and governmental point of view, for a surge of professional liability claims which, with high probability, will begin to emerge in the coming months.}, }
@article {pmid32650881, year = {2020}, author = {Manka, R and Karolyi, M and Polacin, M and Holy, EW and Nemeth, J and Steiger, P and Schuepbach, RA and Zinkernagel, AS and Alkadhi, H and Mehra, MR and Ruschitzka, F}, title = {Myocardial edema in COVID-19 on cardiac MRI.}, journal = {The Journal of heart and lung transplantation : the official publication of the International Society for Heart Transplantation}, volume = {39}, number = {7}, pages = {730-732}, doi = {10.1016/j.healun.2020.04.025}, pmid = {32650881}, issn = {1557-3117}, }
@article {pmid32650840, year = {2020}, author = {Zou, H and Shu, Y and Feng, T}, title = {How Shenzhen, China avoided widespread community transmission: a potential model for successful prevention and control of COVID-19.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {89}, doi = {10.1186/s40249-020-00714-2}, pmid = {32650840}, issn = {2049-9957}, support = {201811071//Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen/ ; }, abstract = {Shenzhen is a city of 22 million people in south China that serves as a financial and trade center for East Asia. The city has extensive ties to Hubei Province, the first reported epicenter of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in the world. Initial predictions suggested Shenzhen would experience a high number of COVID-19 cases. These predictions have not materialized. As of 31 March 2020 Shenzhen had only 451 confirmed cases of COVID-19. Contact tracing has shown that no cases were the result of community transmission within the city. While Shenzhen did not implement a citywide lockdown like Wuhan, it did put into place a rapid response system first developed after the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in 2003. In the wake of the 2003 SARS outbreak, Shenzhen health authority created a network for surveillance and responding to novel respiratory infections, including pneumonia of unknown causes (PUC). The network rapidly detected mass discussion about PUC and immediately deployed emergency preparedness, quarantine for close contacts of PUC. Five early actions (early detection, early reporting, early diagnosis, early isolation, and early treatment) and four centralized responses (centralized coordination by experts, centralized allocation of resources, centralized placement of patients, and centralized provision of treatment) ensured effective prevention and control. Tripartite working teams comprising community cadres, medical personnel and police were formulated to conduct contact tracing at each neighborhood and residential community. Incorporation of mobile technology, big data, and artificial intelligence into COVID-19 response increased accessibility to health services, reduced misinformation and minimized the impact of fake news. Shenzhen's unique experience in successfully controlling the COVID-19 outbreak may be a useful model for countries and regions currently experiencing rapid spread of the virus.}, }
@article {pmid32650838, year = {2020}, author = {Guo, XJ and Zhang, H and Zeng, YP}, title = {Transmissibility of COVID-19 in 11 major cities in China and its association with temperature and humidity in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Chengdu.}, journal = {Infectious diseases of poverty}, volume = {9}, number = {1}, pages = {87}, doi = {10.1186/s40249-020-00708-0}, pmid = {32650838}, issn = {2049-9957}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The new coronavirus disease COVID-19 began in December 2019 and has spread rapidly by human-to-human transmission. This study evaluated the transmissibility of the infectious disease and analyzed its association with temperature and humidity to study the propagation pattern of COVID-19.
METHODS: In this study, we revised the reported data in Wuhan based on several assumptions to estimate the actual number of confirmed cases considering that perhaps not all cases could be detected and reported in the complex situation there. Then we used the equation derived from the Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model to calculate R0 from January 24, 2020 to February 13, 2020 in 11 major cities in China for comparison. With the calculation results, we conducted correlation analysis and regression analysis between R0 and temperature and humidity for four major cities in China to see the association between the transmissibility of COVID-19 and the weather variables.
RESULTS: It was estimated that the cumulative number of confirmed cases had exceeded 45 000 by February 13, 2020 in Wuhan. The average R0 in Wuhan was 2.7, significantly higher than those in other cities ranging from 1.8 to 2.4. The inflection points in the cities outside Hubei Province were between January 30, 2020 and February 3, 2020, while there had not been an obvious downward trend of R0 in Wuhan. R0 negatively correlated with both temperature and humidity, which was significant at the 0.01 level.
CONCLUSIONS: The transmissibility of COVID-19 was strong and importance should be attached to the intervention of its transmission especially in Wuhan. According to the correlation between R0 and weather, the spread of disease will be suppressed as the weather warms.}, }
@article {pmid32650818, year = {2020}, author = {Göpel, S and Bethge, W and Martus, P and Kreth, F and Iftner, T and Joos, S and Döbele, S and Mordmüller, B and Kremsner, P and Ettrich, T and Seufferlein, T and Bitzer, M and Malek, N}, title = {Test and treat COVID 65 plus - Hydroxychloroquine versus placebo in early ambulatory diagnosis and treatment of older patients with COVID19: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.}, journal = {Trials}, volume = {21}, number = {1}, pages = {635}, doi = {10.1186/s13063-020-04556-z}, pmid = {32650818}, issn = {1745-6215}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The aim of this trial is to identify the effect of ambulatory treatment in early COVID-19 disease with hydroxychloroquine on the rate of hospitalization or death in older patients above the age of 64.
TRIAL DESIGN: Parallel, 2:1 randomization, double blind, placebo-controlled, multi-center trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Male and female patients above the age of 64 (i.e. ≥65 years of age) with COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed by SARS-CoV2 positive throat swab (PCR). Patients can only be included within 3 days of symptom onset in ambulatory care if they consent to the study procedure and are able to adhere to the study visit schedule and protocol requirements (including telephone visits concerning symptoms and side effects). Severity of disease at inclusion is mild to moderate defined as not requiring hospital admission: SpO2 >94%, respiratory rate <20, mental state alert, no signs of septic shock. Cardiac risk is minimised by requiring a Tisdale score ≤ 6. Patients are recruited in the two german cities of Ulm and Tübingen in various ambulatory care settings.
INTERVENTION AND COMPARATOR: Each patient will be given a first dose of 600 mg Hydroxychloroquine or the equivalent number of placebo capsules (3 capsules) at the day of inclusion. From the 2nd day on, each patient will get 200 mg or the equivalent number of placebo capsules twice a day (400mg/day) until day 7 (6 more does of 400 mg); a cumulative dose of 3 g.
MAIN OUTCOMES: Rate of hospitalization or death at day 7 after study inclusion RANDOMISATION: All consenting adult patients having confirmed COVID-19 are randomly and blindly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to either IMP or placebo. The biostatistical center produced a randomization list (block randomization) with varying block length and stratified for the study center. This list is provided for packaging to the pharmaceutical unit which is providing encapsulated placebo and IMP. Only the pharmaceutical unit is aware of group allocation according to the randomization list.
BLINDING (MASKING): Patients and investigators, as well as treating physicians are blinded to the treatment- allocation.
In the first stage of an adaptive design 120 patients in a 2:1 ration: 72 Verum and 36 Placebo, plus an increase for 10% drop outs. After interim analysis, the total sample size will be calculated based on the effect seen in the first stage. Total sample size is estimated approximately n = 300-400 patients.
TRIAL STATUS: Protocol version number: V3, 19.05.2020 Recruitment not yet started but is anticipated to begin by June 2020 and be complete by December 2020 TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04351516 , date: 17 April 2020 EudraCT: 2020-001482-37, date: 30 March 2020 FULL PROTOCOL: The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.}, }
@article {pmid32650807, year = {2020}, author = {Chase, JG and Chiew, YS and Lambermont, B and Morimont, P and Shaw, GM and Desaive, T}, title = {Letter to the Editor in response to "COVID-19: desperate times call for desperate measures".}, journal = {Critical care (London, England)}, volume = {24}, number = {1}, pages = {415}, doi = {10.1186/s13054-020-03152-6}, pmid = {32650807}, issn = {1466-609X}, }
@article {pmid32650788, year = {2020}, author = {Banerjee, A and Santra, D and Maiti, S}, title = {Energetics and IC50 based epitope screening in SARS CoV-2 (COVID 19) spike protein by immunoinformatic analysis implicating for a suitable vaccine development.}, journal = {Journal of translational medicine}, volume = {18}, number = {1}, pages = {281}, doi = {10.1186/s12967-020-02435-4}, pmid = {32650788}, issn = {1479-5876}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The recent outbreak by SARS-CoV-2 has generated a chaos in global health and economy and claimed/infected a large number of lives. Closely resembling with SARS CoV, the present strain has manifested exceptionally higher degree of spreadability, virulence and stability possibly due to some unidentified mutations. The viral spike glycoprotein is very likely to interact with host Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmits its genetic materials and hijacks host machinery with extreme fidelity for self propagation. Few attempts have been made to develop a suitable vaccine or ACE2 blocker or virus-receptor inhibitor within this short period of time.
METHODS: Here, attempt was taken to develop some therapeutic and vaccination strategies with a comparison of spike glycoproteins among SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and the SARS-CoV-2. We verified their structure quality (SWISS-MODEL, Phyre2, and Pymol) topology (ProFunc), motifs (MEME Suite, GLAM2Scan), gene ontology based conserved domain (InterPro database) and screened several epitopes (SVMTrip) of SARS CoV-2 based on their energetics, IC50 and antigenicity with regard to their possible glycosylation and MHC/paratope binding (Vaxigen v2.0, HawkDock, ZDOCK Server) effects.
RESULTS: We screened here few pairs of spike protein epitopic regions and selected their energetic, Inhibitory Concentration50 (IC50), MHC II reactivity and found some of those to be very good target for vaccination. A possible role of glycosylation on epitopic region showed profound effects on epitopic recognition.
CONCLUSION: The present work might be helpful for the urgent development of a suitable vaccination regimen against SARS CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32650785, year = {2020}, author = {Feng, Y and Zong, M and Yang, Z and Gu, W and Dong, D and Qiao, Z}, title = {When altruists cannot help: the influence of altruism on the mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Globalization and health}, volume = {16}, number = {1}, pages = {61}, doi = {10.1186/s12992-020-00587-y}, pmid = {32650785}, issn = {1744-8603}, support = {No. 2019-552-N137//Beijing Municipal Education Commission/ ; }, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The positive predictive effect of altruism on physical and psychological well-being has been extensively demonstrated in previous studies, but few studies have examined the effect of altruism on negative mental health outcomes when altruists cannot perform altruistic behaviours. This study explored the influence of altruism on negative affect and mental health (anxiety and depressive symptoms) during the COVID-19 pandemic while people self-isolated at home in China.
METHOD: University students were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China. Self-reported perceived risk, altruism, negative affect, anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA scale), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale (PHQ-9). A structural equation model was used to analyse the mediating and moderating effects on mental health.
RESULTS: The final sample comprised 1346 Chinese participants (Mage = 19.76 ± 2.23 years, 73% female). Overall, the higher the risk the participants perceived, the more negative affect they exhibited (β = 0.16, p < .001), and thus, the more anxious and depressed they felt (β = 0.134, p < .001); however, this relationship between risk perception and negative affect was moderated by altruism. In contrast to previous studies, the increase in negative affect associated with the increased perceived risk was pronounced among individuals with high altruism (t = 7.68, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with high altruism exhibited more negative affect than those with low altruism, which indirectly increased their anxiety and depressive symptoms. These findings enrich theories of altruism and provide valuable insight into the influence of altruism on mental health during the COVID-19 outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid32650756, year = {2020}, author = {Al-Shamsi, HO and Abu-Gheida, I and Rana, SK and Nijhawan, N and Abdulsamad, AS and Alrawi, S and Abuhaleeqa, M and Almansoori, TM and Alkasab, T and Aleassa, EM and McManus, MC}, title = {Challenges for cancer patients returning home during SARS-COV-19 pandemic after medical tourism - a consensus report by the emirates oncology task force.}, journal = {BMC cancer}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {641}, doi = {10.1186/s12885-020-07115-6}, pmid = {32650756}, issn = {1471-2407}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Numerous cancer patients from non-Western countries, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), seek cancer care outside their home countries and many are sponsored by their governments for treatment. Many patients interrupted their cancer treatment abruptly and so returned to their home countries with unique challenges. In this review we will discuss practical challenges and recommendations for all cancer patients returning to their home countries from treatment abroad.
METHOD: Experts from medical, surgical and other cancer subspecialties in the UAE were invited to form a taskforce to address challenges and propose recommendations for patients returning home from abroad after medical tourism during the SARS-COV-19 Pandemic.
RESULTS: The taskforce which consisted of experts from medical oncology, hematology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, radiology and palliative care summarized the current challenges and suggested a practical approaches to address these specific challenges to improve the returning cancer patients care. Lack of medical documentation, pathology specimens and radiology images are one of the major limitations on the continuation of the cancer care for returning patients. Difference in approaches and treatment recommendations between the existing treating oncologists abroad and receiving oncologists in the UAE regarding the optimal management which can be addressed by early and empathic communications with patients and by engaging the previous treating oncologists in treatment planning based on the available resources and expertise in the UAE. Interruption of curative radiotherapy (RT) schedules which can potentially increase risk of treatment failure has been a major challenge, RT dose-compensation calculation should be considered in these circumstances.
CONCLUSION: The importance of a thorough clinical handover cannot be overstated and regulatory bodies are needed to prevent what can be considered unethical procedure towards returning cancer patients with lack of an effective handover. Clear communication is paramount to gain the trust of returning patients and their families. This pandemic may also serve as an opportunity to encourage patients to receive treatment locally in their home country. Future studies will be needed to address the steps to retain cancer patients in the UAE rather than seeking cancer treatment abroad.}, }
@article {pmid32650753, year = {2020}, author = {Putrino, A and Raso, M and Magazzino, C and Galluccio, G}, title = {Coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy: knowledge, management of patients and clinical experience of Italian dentists during the spread of contagion.}, journal = {BMC oral health}, volume = {20}, number = {1}, pages = {200}, doi = {10.1186/s12903-020-01187-3}, pmid = {32650753}, issn = {1472-6831}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The coronavirus infection that emerged in China in the last few months of 2019 has now spread globally. Italy registered its first case in the second half of February, and in a short time period, it became the top country in Europe in terms of the number of infected people and the first in the world in terms of deaths. The medical and scientific community has been called upon to manage the emergency and to take measures. Dentists also need to take new precautions during their clinical activity to protect themselves, coworkers and patients from the risks of contagion and to avoid further spread of infection.
METHODS: Following the data published in the international literature as well as the guidelines and directives constantly updated by the WHO and by the national health authorities, a questionnaire to be completed anonymously was submitted online to Italian dentists using social tools and online professional platforms. The collected data were processed statistically, providing descriptive data and analysis of correlations of the most significant parameters using the Pearson's χ2, the Likelihood-Ratio χ2, Cramér's V, Fisher's exact test, Goodman and Kruskal's γ, and Kendall's τb (p < 0.05).
RESULTS: A total of 535 dentists from Italy participated in the survey. A good level of scientific knowledge about coronavirus and the extra precautionary measures needed to limit the spread was related to the age of respondents and their sex. Coming from areas with higher concentrations of cases affected knowledge, level of attention and perception of risk related to dental activity.
CONCLUSIONS: At the moment, there are no therapies or vaccines to contain the infection with the new coronavirus that is causing many infections, many of which are fatal, worldwide. Dentists are one of the categories at highest risk of encountering diseases and infections because they work in close proximity with patients, and in their procedures, there is always contact with aerosols with high bacterial and viral potential. Therefore, during this COVID-19 emergency, it is important that dentists are properly informed and take the appropriate precautionary measures.}, }
@article {pmid32650709, year = {2020}, author = {Kusmaul, N and Bern-Klug, M and Heston-Mullins, J and Roberts, AR and Galambos, C}, title = {Nursing Home Social Work During COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of gerontological social work}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-3}, doi = {10.1080/01634372.2020.1787577}, pmid = {32650709}, issn = {1540-4048}, }
@article {pmid32650704, year = {2020}, author = {Košir, U and Sørensen, K}, title = {COVID-19: the key to flattening the curve is health literacy.}, journal = {Perspectives in public health}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1757913920936717}, doi = {10.1177/1757913920936717}, pmid = {32650704}, issn = {1757-9147}, }
@article {pmid32650687, year = {2020}, author = {Poudel, K and Subedi, P}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on socioeconomic and mental health aspects in Nepal.}, journal = {The International journal of social psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {20764020942247}, doi = {10.1177/0020764020942247}, pmid = {32650687}, issn = {1741-2854}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Public health concern is increasing with recent rise in the number of COVID-19 cases in Nepal. To curb this pandemic, Nepal is facing some forms of lockdown, encouraging people to implement social distancing so as to reduce interactions between people which could eventually reduce the possibilities of new infection; however, it has affected the overall physical, mental, social and spiritual health of the people.
METHODS: Published articles related to psychosocial effects due to COVID-19 and other outbreaks were searched and reviewed.
CONCLUSION: While many countries are supporting their citizens with sophisticated health safety-nets and various relief funds, some developing countries have unique challenges with vulnerable populations and limited resources to respond to the pandemic. This review presents the consequences of pandemic and lockdown on socioeconomic, mental health and other aspects in Nepalese society.}, }
@article {pmid32650681, year = {2020}, author = {Morgul, E and Bener, A and Atak, M and Akyel, S and Aktaş, S and Bhugra, D and Ventriglio, A and Jordan, TR}, title = {COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue in Turkey.}, journal = {The International journal of social psychiatry}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {20764020941889}, doi = {10.1177/0020764020941889}, pmid = {32650681}, issn = {1741-2854}, abstract = {AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological fatigue as a mental health issue among the population of Istanbul, Turkey.
PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, between March and June 2020, where a total of 4,700 persons were approached and 3,672 (78%) of participants (64.4% males and 35.6% females) completed the Knowledge Attitude Practices (KAP) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaires.
RESULTS: In this study, 64.1% of participants were categorized as psychologically fatigued and 35.9% as normal. There was a significant difference between fatigued and normal participants with respect to age, educational level, occupational status, place of residence and number of family members (p < .001). Other differences related to knowledge of COVID-19 were symptoms, treatment, ways of spreading (p < .001), prevention by avoiding crowded places (p = .008) and isolation (p = .002). For attitudinal items, normal participants generally showed more positive attitudes than the fatigued in believing that COVID-19 will finally be controlled, satisfaction with preventive measures taken by the authorities, reporting suspected cases with symptoms and trusting that Turkey can overcome the COVID-19 pandemic (p < .001). Multivariate stepwise regression analysis indicated that level of education, avoiding going to crowded places, eye, nose and mouth organs are sensitive organs to the virus, keeping physical distance due to epidemic affect by COVID-19 virus, isolation and treatment of people reduce the spread of COVID-19 virus and 14-days period of time, COVID-19 is mainly transmitted through contact with the respiratory droplets of an infected person, occupational status, health education programme needed and antibody treatment variables were significantly associated with fatigue after adjusting for age, gender and income variables.
CONCLUSION: The current study provides valuable information for policymakers and mental health professionals worldwide regarding associations between the mental health of individuals and the ongoing outbreak, COVİD-19.}, }
@article {pmid32650675, year = {2020}, author = {Niriella, MA and De Silva, AP and Liyanage, KI and Sarin, SK and de Silva, HJ}, title = {COVID-19 and gastroenterology: clinical insights and recommendations for gastroenterology care providers.}, journal = {Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-7}, doi = {10.1080/00365521.2020.1789896}, pmid = {32650675}, issn = {1502-7708}, abstract = {While the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, we are beginning to understand the role the gastrointestinal tract plays in the disease and the impact of the infection on the care of patients with gastrointestinal (GI) and liver diseases. We review the data and understanding around the virus related to the digestive tract, impact of the pandemic on delivery of GI services and daily gastroenterology clinical practice, and the effects on patients with pre-existing GI diseases.}, }
@article {pmid32650672, year = {2020}, author = {Ellenberg, SS}, title = {Clinical trials in the time of a pandemic.}, journal = {Clinical trials (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1740774520939871}, doi = {10.1177/1740774520939871}, pmid = {32650672}, issn = {1740-7753}, abstract = {The first rumblings about a new coronavirus spreading in China were heard in January 2020. By the end of that month, the World Health Organization, recognizing the severity of the disease and the potential for global spread, had declared a public health emergency. By February 2020, cases had been identified in multiple countries, clinical trials of treatments with some biological plausibility had begun in China, and the initial steps of vaccine development were underway. In mid-March, by which time countries around the world were experiencing rapidly increasing numbers of cases and deaths, the World Health Organization categorized the outbreak as a pandemic. This new coronavirus was designated SARS-COV-2 in recognition of its similarity to the coronavirus responsible for the severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreak in 2002-2003. The race is on to develop treatments that can mitigate the severe consequences of infection and vaccines that can prevent infection and/or diminish the severity of disease in those who do get infected. Many challenges face these development efforts. Some are similar to those faced in the past; others are new. The urgency of finding ways to treat, and ultimately prevent, the consequences of this new and potentially deadly infection has led to unprecedented focus on clinical trials.}, }
@article {pmid32650671, year = {2020}, author = {Begg, CB and Gonen, M and Heitjan, DF}, title = {Editorial: Clinical trial design in the era of COVID-19.}, journal = {Clinical trials (London, England)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1740774520940230}, doi = {10.1177/1740774520940230}, pmid = {32650671}, issn = {1740-7753}, }
@article {pmid32650649, year = {2020}, author = {Carlos, WG and Dela Cruz, CS and Cao, B and Gross, JE and Pasnick, S and Jamil, S}, title = {COVID-19: How Do We Stay Safe?.}, journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1164/rccm.2020C12}, pmid = {32650649}, issn = {1535-4970}, }
@article {pmid32650645, year = {2020}, author = {Pitino, MA and O'Connor, DL and McGeer, AJ and Unger, S}, title = {The impact of thermal pasteurization on viral load and detectable live viruses in human milk and other matrices: A rapid review.}, journal = {Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1139/apnm-2020-0388}, pmid = {32650645}, issn = {1715-5320}, abstract = {Holder pasteurization (62.5ºC, 30 min) of human milk (HM) is thought to reduce the risk of transmitting viruses to an infant. Some viruses may be secreted into milk - others may be contaminants. The effect of thermal pasteurization on viruses in HM has yet to be rigorously reviewed. The objective of this study is to characterize the effect of common pasteurization techniques on viruses in HM and non-HM matrices. Databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science) were searched from inception to April 20th, 2020 for primary research articles assessing the impact of pasteurization on viral load or detection of live virus. Reviews were excluded, as were studies lacking quantitative measurements or those assessing pasteurization as a component of a larger process. Overall, of 65,131 reports identified, 109 studies were included. Pasteurization of HM at a minimum temperature of 56ºC-60ºC is effective at reducing detectable live virus. In cell culture media or plasma, coronaviruses (e.g., SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV) are highly susceptible to heating at ≥56ºC. Although pasteurization parameters and matrices reported vary, all viruses studied, except parvoviruses, were susceptible to thermal killing. Future research important for the study of novel viruses should standardize pasteurization protocols and should test inactivation in human milk. Novelty bullets •In all matrices, including human milk, pasteurization at 62.5ºC was generally sufficient to reduce surviving viral load by several logs or to below the limit of detection. •Holder pasteurization (62.5ºC, 30 min) of human milk should be sufficient to inactivate non-heat resistant viruses, including coronaviruses, if present.}, }
@article {pmid32650631, year = {2020}, author = {Beetz, C and Skrahina, V and Förster, TM and Gaber, H and Paul, JJ and Curado, F and Rolfs, A and Bauer, P and Schäfer, S and Weckesser, V and Lieu, V and Radefeldt, M and Pöppel, C and Krake, S and Kandaswamy, KK and Bruesehafer, K and Vogel, F}, title = {Rapid Large-Scale COVID-19 Testing During Shortages.}, journal = {Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)}, volume = {10}, number = {7}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/diagnostics10070464}, pmid = {32650631}, issn = {2075-4418}, abstract = {The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has resulted in economic and social lockdowns in most countries all over the globe. Early identification of infected individuals is regarded as one of the most important prerequisites for fighting the pandemic and for returning to a 'New Normal'. Large-scale testing is therefore crucial, but is facing several challenges including shortage of sample collection tools and of molecular biological reagents, and the need for safe electronic communication of medical reports. We present the successful establishment of a holistic SARS-CoV-2 testing platform that covers proband registration, sample collection and shipment, sample testing, and report issuing. The RT-PCR-based virus detection, being central to the platform, was extensively validated: sensitivity and specificity were defined as 96.8% and 100%, respectively; intra-run and inter-run precision were <3%. A novel type of sample swab and an in-house-developed RNA extraction system were shown to perform as good as commercially available products. The resulting flexibility guarantees independence from the current bottlenecks in SARS-CoV-2 testing. Based on our technology, we offered testing at local, national, and global levels. In the present study, we report the results from approx. 18,000 SARS-CoV-2 tests in almost 10,000 individuals from a low-frequency SARS-CoV-2 pandemic area in a homogenous geographical region in north-eastern Germany for a period of 10 weeks (21 March to 31 May 2020). Among the probands, five SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were identified. Comparative analysis of corresponding virus genomes revealed a diverse origin from three of the five currently recognized SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic clades. Our study exemplifies how preventive SARS-CoV-2 testing can be set up in a rapid and flexible manner. The application of our test has enabled a safe maintenance/resume of critical local infrastructure, e.g., nursing homes where more than 5000 elderlies and caretakers got tested. The strategy outlined by the present study may serve as a blueprint for the implementation of large-scale preventive SARS-CoV-2 testing elsewhere.}, }
@article {pmid32650614, year = {2020}, author = {Papagiannis, D and Malli, F and Raptis, DG and Papathanasiou, IV and Fradelos, EC and Daniil, Z and Rachiotis, G and Gourgoulianis, KI}, title = {Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) of Health Care Professionals in Greece before the Outbreak Period.}, journal = {International journal of environmental research and public health}, volume = {17}, number = {14}, pages = {}, doi = {10.3390/ijerph17144925}, pmid = {32650614}, issn = {1660-4601}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic has expanded globally. The aim of the current study is to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of health care professionals in Greece towards SARS-CoV-2.
METHODS: From 10-25 February 2020, 500 health care workers were approached. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards SARS-CoV-2 were assessed via a personal interview questionnaire. For knowledge, each correct answer was given 1 point; attitudes, or concerns aimed at prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and practices, or behaviors towards performing preventive practices, were assigned 1 point each. Points were summed and a score for each category was calculated.
RESULTS: A total of 461 health care workers returned the questionnaire and were included in the analysis (mean age ± SD: 44.2 ± 10.78 years, 74% females). The majority were nurses (47.5%), followed by physicians (30.5%) and paramedics (19%). The majority of subjects (88.28%) had a good level of knowledge (knowledge score equal to 4, or more). The majority of participants (71%) agreed with the temporary traveling restrictions ban. The uptake of a future vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at 43%. Knowledge score was significantly associated with both attitudes score (p = 0.011) and practices score (p < 0.001), indicating that subjects with a high knowledge score demonstrated a more positive perception on preventive measures and would practice more preventive measures. Attitudes score was significantly associated with practices score (p = 0.009) indicating that subjects with a higher attitudes score are more likely to perform practices towards the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
CONCLUSION: There is a high level of knowledge concerning SARS-CoV-2 pandemic among Greek health care workers and this is significantly associated with positive attitudes and practices towards preventive health measures. The high level of knowledge of health professionals about SARS-CoV-2 may have contributed considerably to the successful management of the pandemic in Greece. Tailored educational campaigns aiming to increase the proportion of health care workers willing to accept a potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine could be of paramount importance in future proactive vaccine educational campaigns.}, }
@article {pmid32650356, year = {2020}, author = {Massabeti, R and Cipriani, MS and Valenti, I}, title = {Covid-19: A systemic disease treated with a wide-ranging approach: A case report.}, journal = {Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique}, volume = {27}, number = {S Pt 1}, pages = {e26-e30}, pmid = {32650356}, issn = {2561-8741}, abstract = {At the end of December 2019, the Health Commission of the city of Wuhan, China, alerted the World Health Organization (WHO) to a pneumonia cluster in the city. The cause was identified as being a new virus, later named SARS-CoV-2. We can distinguish three clinical phases of the disease with a distinct pathogenesis, manifestations and prognosis. Here, we describe the case of a 45-year-old male, successfully treated for Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The patient was feeling sick in early April 2020; he had a fever and pharyngodynia. When he came to our COVID hospital, his breathing was normal. The nasopharyngeal swab specimen turned out positive. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed mild interstitial pneumonia. The patient was admitted to our department and treated with hydroxychloroquine, ritonavir, darunavir, azithromycin and enoxaparin. On day seven of the disease, the patient's respiratory condition got worse as he was developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). He was given tocilizumab and corticosteroids and was immediately treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV). His condition improved, and in the ensuing days, the treatment gradually switched to a high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC); after 18 days, the patient's clinical condition was good.The successful results we have been able to obtain are closely associated with avoidance of invasive ventilation that may lead to intensive care unit (ICU)-related superinfections. In our opinion, it is fundamental to understand that COVID-19 is a systemic disease that is a consequence of an overwhelming inflammatory response, which can cause severe medical conditions, even in young patients.}, }
@article {pmid32650355, year = {2020}, author = {Valentini, M and Zmerly, H}, title = {Antirheumatic drugs for COVID-19 treatment based on the phases of the disease: Current concept.}, journal = {Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique}, volume = {27}, number = {S Pt 1}, pages = {e14-e25}, pmid = {32650355}, issn = {2561-8741}, abstract = {COVID-19 disease is the most recent pandemic, since it has affected more than four and a half million people and caused more than 300,000 deaths. It is a very complex systemic disease in terms of pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis. Pharmacological treatment may include antiviral and antimalarial drugs, antibiotics, monoclonal antibodies, corticosteroids as well as low-molecular-weight heparins to prevent the evolution of the disease from reaching the severe inflammatory phase that can lead to respiratory complications, multiple organ failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and finally death. Therefore, pending the development of the much sought-after vaccine, there needs to be a multidisciplinary approach to tackling this disease, and it is essential to use different medical treatments at the correct pathogenic moment. The aim of this article is to evaluate the rationale and reason behind the use of antirheumatic drugs, by expert point of view, in the various phases of the disease. Another important aspect in the management of the disease is to identify patients at high risk, both to change their lifestyle and to correct the state of their health through non-pharmacological measures for improving their immuno-balance. Our literature review reveals the important role and the therapeutic potential of antirheumatic agents in preventing the progression of the disease and aiding recovery from the disease. However, there is a lack of clinical evidence to support the use of these agents, indicating that further randomized controlled studies are required.}, }
@article {pmid32650354, year = {2020}, author = {Valerio, A and Nisoli, E and Rossi, AP and Pellegrini, M and Todesco, T and Ghoch, ME}, title = {Obesity and Higher Risk for Severe Complications of Covid-19: What to do when the two pandemics meet.}, journal = {Journal of population therapeutics and clinical pharmacology = Journal de la therapeutique des populations et de la pharmacologie clinique}, volume = {27}, number = {S Pt 1}, pages = {e31-e36}, pmid = {32650354}, issn = {2561-8741}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has spread around the globe, infecting more than ten million individuals, with more than 500,000 dead; about one half of the infected people have recovered. Despite this fact, a subgroup of individuals affected by COVID-19 is at greater risk of developing worse outcomes and experience a high rate of mortality. Data on the association between obesity and COVID-19 are growing; the available studies, have reported a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients experiencing a severe COVID-19 course, with serious complications requiring hospitalization and admission to intensive care units. This paper attempts to highlight potential mechanisms behind the greater vulnerability to COVID-19 of individuals with obesity. The presence of uncontrolled chronic obesity-related comorbidities, particularly pulmonary diseases, can present a primary fertile soil for respiratory tract infection. Combined with immune system impairments, such as alteration in the T-cell proliferation and macrophage differentiation, and the high pro-inflammatory cytokine production by the adipose organ, this may worsen the general condition toward a systemic diffusion of infection. Prevention remains the first line of intervention in these patients that can be achieved by adhering to social distancing and adopting hygiene precautions, combined with a healthy lifestyle. Patients with obesity require preferential access dedicated to primary care services to ensure they are regularly taking their medications for the treatment of any concurrent chronic diseases. Finally, their physicians must promptly manage any medical signs or symptoms in the case of suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) infection to prevent the risk of severe outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid32650332, year = {2020}, author = {Graham, J and Parschal, J and Paquette, D}, title = {Proposed clinical guidance for orthodontists and orthodontic staff in the post-COVID-19 environment: a clinician's perspective.}, journal = {Journal of clinical orthodontics : JCO}, volume = {52}, number = {5}, pages = {264-267}, pmid = {32650332}, issn = {0022-3875}, }
@article {pmid32650305, year = {2020}, author = {Adorni, F and Prinelli, F and Bianchi, F and Giacomelli, A and Pagani, G and Bernacchia, D and Rusconi, S and Maggi, S and Trevisan, C and Noale, M and Molinaro, S and Bastiani, L and Fortunato, L and Jesuthasan, N and Sojic, A and Pettenati, C and Tavio, M and Andreoni, M and Mastroianni, C and Antonelli Incalzi, R and Galli, M}, title = {Self-reported symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a non-hospitalized population: results from the large Italian web-based EPICOVID19 cross-sectional survey.}, journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.2196/21866}, pmid = {32650305}, issn = {2369-2960}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the occurrence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)-like symptoms in a large non-hospitalized population, when the epidemic peak was occurring in Italy, is of paramount importance but data are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: Aims of this study were to evaluate the association of self-reported symptoms with SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) test in non-hospitalized individuals and to estimate the occurrence of COVID-19-like symptoms in a larger non-tested population.
METHODS: This is an Italian countrywide self-administered cross-sectional web-based survey on voluntary adults who completed an anonymous questionnaire in the period 13-21 April 2020. The associations between symptoms potentially related to SARS-CoV-2 infection and NPS results were calculated as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals (aOR, 95%CI) by means of multiple logistic regression analysis controlling for age, sex, education, smoking habits, and the number of co-morbidities. Thereafter, for each symptom and for their combination, we calculated sensitivity, specificity, accuracy and AUC in a ROC analysis to estimate the occurrence of COVID-19-like infections in the non-tested population.
RESULTS: A total of 171,310 responded to the survey (59.9% females, mean age 47.4 years). Out of the 4,785 respondents with known NPS test result, 4,392 were not hospitalized. Among them, the NPS positive respondents (n=856) most frequently reported myalgia (61.6%), olfactory and/or taste disorders (OTDs, 59.2%), cough (54.4%), and fever (51.9%) whereas 7.7% were asymptomatic. Multiple regression analysis showed that OTDs (aOR 10.3, [95%CI 8.4-12.7]), fever (2.5, 95%CI 2.0-3.1), myalgia (1.5, 95%CI 1.2-1.8), and cough (1.3, 95%CI 1.0-1.6) were associated with NPS positivity. Having two to four of these symptoms increased the aOR from 7.4 (95%CI, 5.6-9.7) to 35.5 (95%CI, 24.6-52.2). The combination of the four symptoms showed an AUC of 0.810 (95%CI 0.795-0.825) in classifying NPS-P, and was applied to the non-hospitalized and non-tested sample (n=165,782). We found that from 4.4% to 12.1% of respondents had experienced symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that self-reported symptoms may be reliable indicators of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a pandemic context. A not negligible part (up to 12.1%) of the symptomatic respondents were left undiagnosed and potentially contributed to the spread of the infection.}, }
@article {pmid32650276, year = {2020}, author = {Creager, HM and Cabrera, B and Schnaubelt, A and Cox, JL and Cushman-Vokoun, AM and Shakir, SM and Tardif, KD and Huang, ML and Jerome, KR and Greninger, AL and Drobysheva, D and Spaulding, U and Rogatcheva, M and Bourzac, KM and Hinrichs, SH and Broadhurst, MJ and Fey, PD}, title = {Clinical evaluation of the BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 and detection of SARS-CoV-2.}, journal = {Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology}, volume = {129}, number = {}, pages = {104538}, doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104538}, pmid = {32650276}, issn = {1873-5967}, abstract = {We evaluated the performance of the BioFire® Respiratory Panel 2.1 (RP2.1) in the detection of SARS CoV-2 in comparison against three other SARS CoV-2 EUA assays. In these studies, the RP2.1 panel had 98 % positive percent agreement (48/49) and 100 % negative percent agreement (49/49). Since 30 % of nasopharyngeal swab specimens have a SARS CoV-2 Ct >30 and thus detection of virus in low titers is clinically relevant, a sample with a high titer was diluted and each 10 fold dilution was tested in triplicate and compared against 6 other EUA approved SARS CoV-2 assays. These data suggested that the BioFire® RP2.1 panel, along with four other SARS CoV-2 assays (Roche cobas, Cepheid Xpert Xpress, BioFire® Defense COVID19, and NECoV19), consistently detected viral RNA at the 10-7 dilution. Overall, these studies suggest that the BioFire® RP2.1 assay can be used to detect acute cases of SARS CoV2 in addition to patients with low viral titer later in disease presentation.}, }
@article {pmid32650275, year = {2020}, author = {Odak, I and Barros-Martins, J and Bošnjak, B and Stahl, K and David, S and Wiesner, O and Busch, M and Hoeper, MM and Pink, I and Welte, T and Cornberg, M and Stoll, M and Goudeva, L and Blasczyk, R and Ganser, A and Prinz, I and Förster, R and Koenecke, C and Schultze-Florey, CR}, title = {Reappearance of effector T cells is associated with recovery from COVID-19.}, journal = {EBioMedicine}, volume = {57}, number = {}, pages = {102885}, doi = {10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102885}, pmid = {32650275}, issn = {2352-3964}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Elucidating the role of T cell responses in COVID-19 is of utmost importance to understand the clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
METHODS: 30 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 60 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. We used two comprehensive 11-colour flow cytometric panels conforming to Good Laboratory Practice and approved for clinical diagnostics.
FINDINGS: Absolute numbers of lymphocyte subsets were differentially decreased in COVID-19 patients according to clinical severity. In severe disease (SD) patients, all lymphocyte subsets were reduced, whilst in mild disease (MD) NK, NKT and γδ T cells were at the level of HC. Additionally, we provide evidence of T cell activation in MD but not SD, when compared to HC. Follow up samples revealed a marked increase in effector T cells and memory subsets in convalescing but not in non-convalescing patients.
INTERPRETATION: Our data suggest that activation and expansion of innate and adaptive lymphocytes play a major role in COVID-19. Additionally, recovery is associated with formation of T cell memory as suggested by the missing formation of effector and central memory T cells in SD but not in MD. Understanding T cell-responses in the context of clinical severity might serve as foundation to overcome the lack of effective anti-viral immune response in severely affected COVID-19 patients and can offer prognostic value as biomarker for disease outcome and control.
FUNDING: Funded by State of Lower Saxony grant 14-76,103-184CORONA-11/20 and German Research Foundation, Excellence Strategy - EXC2155"RESIST"-Project ID39087428, and DFG-SFB900/3-Project ID158989968, grants SFB900-B3, SFB900-B8.}, }
@article {pmid32650232, year = {2020}, author = {Martin-Fumadó, C and Gómez-Durán, EL and Benet-Travé, J and Barbería-Marcalain, E and Arimany-Manso, J}, title = {Liability claims in Spain post-COVID-19: A predictable scenario.}, journal = {Legal medicine (Tokyo, Japan)}, volume = {47}, number = {}, pages = {101745}, doi = {10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101745}, pmid = {32650232}, issn = {1873-4162}, }
@article {pmid32650221, year = {2020}, author = {Lee, SA and Jobe, MC and Mathis, AA and Gibbons, JA}, title = {Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety.}, journal = {Journal of anxiety disorders}, volume = {74}, number = {}, pages = {102268}, doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102268}, pmid = {32650221}, issn = {1873-7897}, abstract = {The adverse psychological effects of COVID-19 have increased globally. Moreover, the psychological toll may be worsening for this health crisis due to the growing numbers of mass deaths and unemployment levels. Coronaphobia, a relatively new pandemic-related construct, has been shown to be strongly related to functional impairment and psychological distress. However, the extent to which coronaphobia is uniquely accountable for the psychological distress experienced during the COVID-19 crisis has not been systematically investigated. The current study examined this question of incremental validity using online data from 453 adult MTurk workers in the U.S. The results of a series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that coronaphobia explained additional variance in depression, generalized anxiety, and death anxiety, above sociodemographics, COVID-19 factors, and the vulnerability factors of neuroticism, health anxiety, and reassurance-seeking behaviors. These findings suggest that health professionals should be aware of coronaphobia as this expression of pandemic-related stress has reliably demonstrated incremental validity in accounting for major indicators of psychological distress.}, }
@article {pmid32650220, year = {2020}, author = {McKay, D and Minaya, C and Storch, EA}, title = {Conducting exposure and response prevention treatment for contamination fears during COVID-19: The behavioral immune system impact on clinician approaches to treatment.}, journal = {Journal of anxiety disorders}, volume = {74}, number = {}, pages = {102270}, doi = {10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102270}, pmid = {32650220}, issn = {1873-7897}, abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic sparked significant anxiety regarding viral rates and means of transmission. Heightened concerns about contamination have prompted new hygienic strategies to vigilantly guard against infection, including hand washing immediately after touching foreign objects or suspected contaminants. This has presented a critical challenge for the delivery of exposure and response prevention (ERP) therapy to individuals with contamination fears due to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), as providers must manage not only their clients' attitudes and reactions but their own as well. In this investigation, self-identified anxiety and OCD treatment specialists (N = 139) provided demographic information, including their anxiety and OCD caseloads, and completed measures related to intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-SF; Carlton et al., 2007), beliefs about exposure therapy (TBES; Deacon et al., 2013), and emotional reactions to physical sensations (The Chills; Maruskin et al., 2012). We tested the hypothesis that intolerance of uncertainty and activation of the behavioral immune system (BIS; Schaller & Park, 2011), a mechanism theoretically activated by the prominent emergence of pathogens to protect against illness would predict attitudes toward exposure. The Chills Scale was used to assess BIS activation, a broad assessment of vasoconstriction responses associated with different emotional reactions, and includes a subscale (coldness) that evaluates vasoconstriction associated with defense against pathogens. Both coldness and OCD caseload, but not anxiety caseload or subscales of intolerance of uncertainty, emerged as significant predictors of clinicians' beliefs about exposure; increases in OCD caseload were also related to decreases in negative beliefs about exposure. Findings are useful in determining methods for aiding clinicians in developing effective approaches to contamination fears during and post-pandemic that include addressing their own BIS-related concerns and mapping out means for social behavioral norms associated with engaging in exposure treatment.}, }
@article {pmid32650215, year = {2020}, author = {Arrieta, O and Cardona, AF and Lara-Mejía, L and Heredia, D and Barrón, F and Zatarain-Barrón, ZL and Lozano, F and de Lima, VC and Maldonado, F and Corona-Cruz, F and Ramos, M and Cabrera, L and Martin, C and Corrales, L and Cuello, M and Arroyo-Hernández, M and Aman, E and Bacon, L and Baez, R and Benitez, S and Botero, A and Burotto, M and Caglevic, C and Ferraris, G and Freitas, H and Kaen, DL and Lamot, S and Lyons, G and Mas, L and Mata, A and Mathias, C and Muñoz, A and Patane, AK and Oblitas, G and Pino, L and Raez, LE and Remon, J and Rojas, L and Rolfo, C and Ruiz-Patiño, A and Samtani, S and Viola, L and Viteri, S and Rosell, R}, title = {Recommendations for detection, prioritization, and treatment of thoracic oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: the THOCOoP cooperative group.}, journal = {Critical reviews in oncology/hematology}, volume = {153}, number = {}, pages = {103033}, doi = {10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.103033}, pmid = {32650215}, issn = {1879-0461}, abstract = {The world currently faces a pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2. Relevant information has emerged regarding the higher risk of poor outcomes in lung cancer patients. As such, lung cancer patients must be prioritized in terms of prevention, detection and treatment. On May 7th, 45 experts in thoracic cancers from 11 different countries were invited to participate. A core panel of experts regarding thoracic oncology care amidst the pandemic gathered virtually, and a total of 60 initial recommendations were drafted based on available evidence, 2 questions were deleted due to conflicting evidence. By May 16th, 44 experts had agreed to participate, and voted on each of the 58 recommendation using a Delphi panel on a live voting event. Consensus was reached regarding the recommendations (>66 % strongly agree/agree) for 56 questions. Strong consensus (>80 % strongly agree/agree) was reached for 44 questions. Patients with lung cancer represent a particularly vulnerable population during this time. Special care must be taken to maintain treatment while avoiding exposure.}, }
@article {pmid32650197, year = {2020}, author = {DiNicolantonio, JJ and Barroso-Aranda, J}, title = {Harnessing adenosine A2A receptors as a strategy for suppressing the lung inflammation and thrombotic complications of COVID-19: Potential of pentoxifylline and dipyridamole.}, journal = {Medical hypotheses}, volume = {143}, number = {}, pages = {110051}, doi = {10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110051}, pmid = {32650197}, issn = {1532-2777}, abstract = {Counterproductive lung inflammation and dysregulated thrombosis contribute importantly to the lethality of advanced COVID-19. Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR), expressed by a wide range of immune cells, as well as endothelial cells and platelets, exert cAMP-mediated anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects that potentially could be highly protective in this regard. The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine. The platelet-stabilizing drug dipyridamole (DIP) blocks intracellular uptake of extracellularly-generated adenosine, thereby up-regulating A2AR signaling in a way that should be functionally complementary to the impact of PTX in that regard. Moreover, DIP has recently been reported to slow the cellular replication of SARS-CoV-2 in clinically feasible concentrations. Both PTX and DIP are reasonably safe, well-tolerated, widely available, and inexpensive drugs. When COVID-19 patients can be treated within several days of symptom onset, using PTX + DIP in conjunction with hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and an antibiotic - azithromycin (AZM) or doxycycline - might be warranted. HCQ and AZM can suppress SARS-CoV-2 proliferation in vitro and may slow the cell-to-cell spread of the virus; a large case series evaluating this combination in early-stage patients reported an impressively low mortality rate. However, whereas HCQ and AZM can promote QT interval lengthening and may be contraindicated in more advanced COVID-19 entailing cardiac damage, doxycycline has no such effect and exerts a potentially beneficial anti-inflammatory action. In contrast to HCQ, we propose that the combination of PTX + DIP can be used in both early and advanced stages of COVID-19. Concurrent use of certain nutraceuticals - yeast beta-glucan, zinc, vitamin D, spirulina, phase 2 inducers, N-acetylcysteine, glucosamine, quercetin, and magnesium - might also improve therapeutic outcomes in COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32650189, year = {2020}, author = {Rozenberg, S and Revercez, P and Fastrez, M and Vandromme, J and Bucella, D}, title = {Suspension of ulipristal acetate for uterine fibroids during ongoing EMA's review of liver injury risk: Unfortunate timing during the Covid-19 pandemic!.}, journal = {European journal of obstetrics, gynecology, and reproductive biology}, volume = {252}, number = {}, pages = {300-302}, doi = {10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.06.064}, pmid = {32650189}, issn = {1872-7654}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: EMA decided that with ulipristal acetate (UPA) treatment for uterine fibroids, should be discontinued due to the associated risk of hepatic failure, We analyzed whether the risk of recurrent symptoms due to fibroids may lead to an increased risk of Covid -19 infection and death, that would exceed the former risk of hepatic failure and transplantation.
STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We used a Markov model to generate probabilities.
There are currently about 36,250 treated patients in Europe. We estimated bleeding probabilities, while using or discontinuing UPA, which may induce a need of medical or surgical management in symptomatic patients, and increase the risk of acquiring a Covid-19 infection, and die from it. We also estimated the risk of suffering a hepatic failure and hepatic transplantation.
Based on our assumptions, ceasing UPA during a Covid 19 pandemic may be associated with a fatality ratio between 4 and 18, due to the Pandemic, whereas pursuing UPA would be associated with a fatality rate due to the pandemic between 1-2, and an added fatality rate due to hepatic impairment of 1. The added risk of stopping UPA may range between 2 and 15 additional deaths. Our calculations suggest that the decision to stop UPA in the middle of the Covid- 19 pandemic may be untimely, since it may result in an increased risk of Covid-19 infection, due to the recurrence of symptoms and the need for medical and surgical treatment.
A decision, like the one EMA took need to be taken in a wider health context of a population, than simply analyzing its role as regulating agent for medications.}, }
@article {pmid32650158, year = {2020}, author = {Rodríguez-Urrego, D and Rodríguez-Urrego, L}, title = {Air quality during the COVID-19: PM2.5 analysis in the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world.}, journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)}, volume = {266}, number = {Pt 1}, pages = {115042}, doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115042}, pmid = {32650158}, issn = {1873-6424}, abstract = {On December 31, 2019, the Chinese authorities reported to the World Health Organization (WHO) the outbreak of a new strain of coronavirus that causes a serious disease in the city of Wuhan, China. This outbreak was classified as SARS-CoV2 and is the cause of the COVID-19 disease. On March 11, 2020, the WHO declares it a Pandemic and today it is considered the greatest challenge in global health that humanity has faced since World War II and it is estimated that between 40 and 60% of the population worldwide will catch the virus. This has caused enormous challenges in countries around the world in social, economic, environmental and obviously health issues. These challenges are mainly due to the effects of the established quarantines in almost all capitals and major cities around the world, from Asia, Europe to America. However, these lockdown which began worldwide from January 23, have had a significant impact on the environment and on the air quality of cities as recently reported by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and ESA (European Space Agency), with reductions according to them of up to 30% in some of the epicenters such as the case of Wuhan. Knowing that air pollution causes approximately 29% of lung cancer deaths, 43% of COPD deaths, and 25% of ischemic heart disease deaths, it is important to know the effects of quarantines in cities regarding air quality to take measures that favor populations and urban ecosystems when the emergency ends. Therefore, this paper describes the behavior of PM2.5 emissions particulate matter from the 50 most polluted capital cities in the world according to the WHO, measured before-after the start of the quarantine. Likewise, the impact at the local and global level of this emissions behavior, which averaged 12% of PM2.5 decrease in these cities.}, }
@article {pmid32650143, year = {2020}, author = {Luca, B and Tommaso, G and Bavaro, DF and Laura, M and Annalisa, S and Gioacchino, A and Damiano, P and Maria, T and Pietro, I}, title = {Seroconversion and indolent course of COVID-19 in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with fingolimod and teriflunomide.}, journal = {Journal of the neurological sciences}, volume = {416}, number = {}, pages = {117011}, doi = {10.1016/j.jns.2020.117011}, pmid = {32650143}, issn = {1878-5883}, }
@article {pmid32650121, year = {2020}, author = {Crescenzo, F and Marastoni, D and Bovo, C and Calabrese, M}, title = {Frequency and severity of COVID-19 in multiple sclerosis: A short single-site report from northern Italy.}, journal = {Multiple sclerosis and related disorders}, volume = {44}, number = {}, pages = {102372}, doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2020.102372}, pmid = {32650121}, issn = {2211-0356}, abstract = {Neurologists are interested in understanding whether patients with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) undergoing immunomodulatory/immunosuppressive therapy are more susceptible to developing COVID-19 or have worse outcomes. Currently, there are no conclusive data in this regard. We report the prevalence and severity of COVID-19 (confirmed and possible) in pwMS followed at the Veneto Regional MS Center in Verona (Italy), an area most stricken by COVID-19. In our sample size, the prevalence of COVID-19 seems to be much higher than that officially reported at the regional level on the general population, but it also characterized by a favourable course.}, }
@article {pmid32650110, year = {2020}, author = {Salmon, D and Bartier, S and Hautefort, C and Nguyen, Y and Nevoux, J and Hamel, AL and Camhi, Y and Canouï-Poitrine, F and Verillaud, B and Slama, D and Haim-Boukobza, S and Sourdeau, E and Cantin, D and Corré, A and Bryn, A and Etienne, N and Rozenberg, F and Layese, R and Papon, JF and Bequignon, E and , }, title = {Self-reported loss of smell without nasal obstruction to identify COVID-19. The multicenter CORANOSMIA cohort study.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.005}, pmid = {32650110}, issn = {1532-2742}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 positive samples in a subset of patients consulting for primarily isolated acute (<7 days) loss of smell and to assess the diagnostic accuracy of olfactory/gustatory dysfunction for COVID-19 diagnosis in the overall population tested for COVID-19 in the same period.
METHODS: Prospective multicentric cohort study in four olfactory ENT units and a screening center for COVID-19.
RESULTS: i) Among a subset of 55 patients consulting for primarily loss of smell, we found that 51 (92.7%) had a COVID-19 positive test (median viral load of 28.8 cycle threshold). Loss of smell was mostly total (anosmia), rarely associated with nasal obstruction but associated with a taste disorder in 80%. Olfactory dysfunction occurred suddenly, either as first complaint. The majority of patients (72.9%) partially recovered the sense of smell within 15 days. ii) In a population of 1824 patients tested for COVID-19, the positive predictive value and the specificity of loss of smell and/or taste were 78.5% and 90.3% respectively (sensitivity (40.8%), negative predictive value (63.6%)).
CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported loss of smell had a high predictive positive value to identify COVID-19. Making this sign well known publicly could help to adopt isolation measures and inform potential contacts.}, }
@article {pmid32650109, year = {2020}, author = {Komiya, K and Yamasue, M and Takahashi, O and Hiramatsu, K and Kadota, JI and Kato, S}, title = {The COVID-19 pandemic and the true incidence of tuberculosis in Japan.}, journal = {The Journal of infection}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2020.07.004}, pmid = {32650109}, issn = {1532-2742}, }
@article {pmid32650037, year = {2020}, author = {Hirotsu, Y and Mochizuki, H and Omata, M}, title = {Double-quencher probes improve detection sensitivity toward Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay.}, journal = {Journal of virological methods}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {113926}, doi = {10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113926}, pmid = {32650037}, issn = {1879-0984}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, has spread worldwide and is threatening human life. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 is critical for preventing new outbreaks, curbing disease spread, and managing patients. Currently, a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is used to detect the virus in clinical laboratories. However, although this assay is considered to have high specificity, its sensitivity is reportedly as low as 60-70%. Improved sensitivity is, therefore, urgently required.
METHODS: We used the primers and single-quencher probes recommended by the CDC (N1, N2 and N3) in the USA and the NIID (N1 and N2) in Japan. In addition, we designed double-quencher probes according to the virus sequence provided by the NIID to develop a further assay (termed the YCH assay [N1 and N2]). Using these assays, we conducted RT-PCR with serially diluted DNA positive controls to assess and compare the detection sensitivity of the three assays. Furthermore, 66 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested to determine the diagnostic performances.
RESULTS: The threshold cycle (Ct) value of the RT-PCR was relatively low for the CDC and YCH assays compared with the NIID assay. Serial dilution assays showed that both the CDC and YCH assays could detect low copy numbers of the DNA positive control. The background fluorescence signal at the baseline was lower for the YCH assay compared with the NIID assay. We assessed the diagnostic performance between single- (NIID) and double-quencher (YCH) probes using 66 nasopharyngeal swabs. When the results of YCH-N2 assay were used as a reference, each assay detected SARS-CoV-2 with positive percent agreements of 56% for NIID-N1, 61% for YCH-N1, and 94% for NIID-N2, and 100% negative percent agreements for NIID-N1, YCH-N1 and NIID-N2.
CONCLUSION: Double-quencher probes decreased the background fluorescence and improved the detection sensitivity of RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32650019, year = {2020}, author = {Gade, AR and Alavala, H and Allam, SR}, title = {Interleukin 6 levels after tocilizumab administration in transplant recipients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Kidney international}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.025}, pmid = {32650019}, issn = {1523-1755}, }
@article {pmid32650004, year = {2020}, author = {Hammock, BD and Wang, W and Gilligan, MM and Panigrahy, D}, title = {Eicosanoids: the Overlooked Storm in COVID-19?.}, journal = {The American journal of pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32650004}, issn = {1525-2191}, abstract = {Severe coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) symptoms, including systemic inflammatory response and multi-system organ failure, are now affecting thousands of infected patients and causing widespread mortality. Coronavirus infection causes tissue damage, which triggers the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and subsequent eicosanoid and cytokine storms. While pro-inflammatory eicosanoids including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are critical mediators of physiological processes such as inflammation, fever, allergy, and pain, their role in COVID-19 are poorly characterized. Arachidonic acid derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) could alleviate the systemic hyper-inflammatory response in COVID-19 infection by modulating ER stress and stimulating the resolution of inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors, which increase endogenous EET levels, exhibit potent anti-inflammatory activity and inhibit various pathologic processes in preclinical disease models including pulmonary fibrosis, thrombosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Therefore, targeting eicosanoids and sEH could be a novel therapeutic approach in combating COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the predominant role of eicosanoids in regulating the inflammatory cascade and propose the potential application of sEH inhibitors in alleviating COVID-19 symptoms. We also discuss the host-protective action of omega-3 fatty acid-derived epoxyeicosanoids and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in regulating anti-inflammation and anti-viral response. Future studies determining the eicosanoid profile in COVID-19 patient or preclinical model are pivotal in providing the novel insight of coronavirus-host interaction and inflammation modulation.}, }
@article {pmid32650002, year = {2020}, author = {Argyropoulos, KV and Serrano, A and Hu, J and Black, M and Feng, X and Shen, G and Call, M and Kim, MJ and Lytle, A and Belovarac, B and Vougiouklakis, T and Lin, LH and Moran, U and Heguy, A and Troxel, A and Snuderl, M and Osman, I and Cotzia, P and Jour, G}, title = {ASSOCIATION OF INITIAL VIRAL LOAD IN SARS-CoV-2 PATIENTS WITH OUTCOME AND SYMPTOMS.}, journal = {The American journal of pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2020.06.012}, pmid = {32650002}, issn = {1525-2191}, abstract = {The dynamics of viral load (VL) of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and its association with different clinical parameters remain poorly characterized in the United States patient population. Herein we investigate associations between VL and parameters such as severity of symptoms, disposition (admission vs direct discharge), length of hospitalization, and admission to the intensive care unit, length of need for oxygen support and overall survival in a cohort of 205 patients from a tertiary care center in New York City. VL was determined using q-PCR and Log10 transformed for normalization. Univariate and multivariate regression models were used to test these associations. We found that diagnostic viral load is significantly lower in hospitalized patients than in patients not hospitalized (log10 VL = 3.3 vs.4.0; p=0.018) after adjusting for age, sex, race, BMI, and comorbidities. Higher VL was associated with shorter duration of the symptoms in all patients and hospitalized patients only and shorter hospital stay (coefficient =-2.02,-2.61, -2.18; p<0.001, p=0.002, p=0.013, respectively). No significant association was noted between VL, admission to ICU, length of oxygen support, and overall survival. Our findings suggest a higher shedding risk in less symptomatic patients; an important consideration for containment strategies in SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we identify a novel association between viral load and history of cancer. Larger studies are warranted to validate our findings.}, }
@article {pmid32649990, year = {2020}, author = {Munawar, K and Choudhry, FR}, title = {Exploring Stress Coping Strategies of Frontline Emergency Health Workers dealing Covid-19 in Pakistan: A Qualitative Inquiry.}, journal = {American journal of infection control}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.214}, pmid = {32649990}, issn = {1527-3296}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak has gravely impacted the physical and psychological health of people. As the outbreak is ongoing, it is crucial to equip the emergency healthcare workers (HCWs) to be medically and psychologically prepared.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the psychological impact of COVID-19 on emergency HCWs and to understand how they are dealing with COVID-19 pandemic, their stress coping strategies or protective factors, and challenges while dealing with COVID-19 patients.
METHOD: Using a framework thematic analysis approach, 15 frontline emergency HCWs directly dealing with COVID-19 patients from 2 April to 25 April 2020. The semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face or by telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Findings highlighted first major theme of stress coping, including, limiting media exposure, limited sharing of Covid-19 duty details, religious coping, just another emergency approach, altruism, and second major theme of Challenges includes, psychological response and noncompliance of public/denial by religious scholar.
CONCLUSION: Participants practiced and recommended various coping strategies to deal with stress and anxiety emerging from COVID-19 pandemic. Media was a was reported to be a principal source of raising stress and anxiety among the public. Religious coping as well as their passion to serve humanity and country were the commonly employed coping strategies.}, }
@article {pmid32649988, year = {2020}, author = {Foladori, P and Cutrupi, F and Segata, N and Manara, S and Pinto, F and Malpei, F and Bruni, L and La Rosa, G}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 from faeces to wastewater treatment: What do we know? A review.}, journal = {The Science of the total environment}, volume = {743}, number = {}, pages = {140444}, doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140444}, pmid = {32649988}, issn = {1879-1026}, abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, has been found in the faeces of infected patients in numerous studies. Stool may remain positive for SARS-CoV-2, even when the respiratory tract becomes negative, and the interaction with the gastrointestinal tract poses a series of questions about wastewater and its treatments. This review aims to understand the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in faeces and sewage and its fate in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The viral load in the faeces of persons testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 was estimated at between 5·103 to 107.6 copies/mL, depending on the infection course. In the sewerage, faeces undergo dilution and viral load decreases considerably in the wastewater entering a WWTP with a range from 2 copies/100 mL to 3·103 copies/mL, depending on the level of the epidemic. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, although no evidence of COVID-19 transmission has been found via this route, could be advantageously exploited as an early warning of outbreaks. Preliminary studies on WBE seem promising; but high uncertainty of viral loads in wastewater and faeces remains, and further research is needed. The detection of SARS-CoV-2 in sewage, based on RNA sequences and RT-PCR, requires a shared approach on sample pre-treatment and on-site collection to ensure comparable results. The finding of viral RNA in stools does not imply that the virus is viable and infectious. Viability of CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2 decreases in wastewater - due to temperature, pH, solids, micropollutants - but high inactivation in WWTPs can be obtained only by using disinfection (free chlorine, UVC light). A reduction in the quantity of disinfectants can be obtained by implementing Membrane-Bioreactors with ultrafiltration to separate SARS-CoV-2 virions with a size of 60-140 nm. In sludge treatment, thermophilic digestion is effective, based on the general consensus that CoVs are highly sensitive to increased temperatures.}, }
@article {pmid32649962, year = {2020}, author = {Dugail, I and Amri, EZ and Vitale, N}, title = {High prevalence for obesity in severe COVID-19: Possible links and perspectives towards patient stratification.}, journal = {Biochimie}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.001}, pmid = {32649962}, issn = {1638-6183}, abstract = {It is becoming obvious that in addition to aging and various hearth pathologies, excess of body weight, especially obesity is a major risk factor for severity of COVID-19 infection. Intriguingly the receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is ACE2, a member of the angiotensin receptor family that has a relatively large tissue distribution. This observation likely explains the multitude of symptoms that have been described from human patients. The adipose tissue also expresses ACE2, suggesting that adipocytes are potentially infected by SARS-CoV-2. Here we discuss some of the potential contribution of the adipose tissue to the severity of the infection and propose some aspects of obese patients metabolic phenotyping to help stratification of individuals with high risk of severe disease.}, }
@article {pmid32649947, year = {2020}, author = {Alvarez-Maldonado, P and Sanjurjo-Martínez, JL and Vidal-Andrade, E}, title = {Tracheostomy techniques in COVID-19 patients. No flow through an open door is protector.}, journal = {The Annals of thoracic surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1016/j.athoracsur.2020.06.010}, pmid = {32649947}, issn = {1552-6259}, }
@article {pmid32649933, year = {2020}, author = {Chan, SM and Ma, TW and Ka-Chun Chong, M and Chan, DL and Ng, EKW and Chiu, PWY}, title = {A proof of concept study: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is an aerosol-generating procedure and continuous oral suction during the procedure reduces the amount of aerosol generated.}, journal = {Gastroenterology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.002}, pmid = {32649933}, issn = {1528-0012}, }
@article {pmid32649922, year = {2020}, author = {Hui, KP and Peiris, M and Nicholls, JM and Chan, MC}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in conjunctival tissue - Authors' reply.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {7}, pages = {e58}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30273-3}, pmid = {32649922}, issn = {2213-2619}, }
@article {pmid32649921, year = {2020}, author = {Liu, YC and Ang, M and Ong, HS and Wong, TY and Mehta, JS}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 infection in conjunctival tissue.}, journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine}, volume = {8}, number = {7}, pages = {e57}, doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30272-1}, pmid = {32649921}, issn = {2213-2619}, }
@article {pmid32649880, year = {2020}, author = {Joyce, MG and Wheatley, AK and Modjarrad, K}, title = {Need for Speed: From Human SARS-CoV-2 Samples to Protective and Efficacious Antibodies in Weeks.}, journal = {Cell}, volume = {182}, number = {1}, pages = {7-9}, doi = {10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.017}, pmid = {32649880}, issn = {1097-4172}, abstract = {The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has driven a global research effort to identify medical countermeasures at an unprecedented pace. In this issue of Cell, Cao et al. identify thousands of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies from convalescent donors. The authors improve our understanding of immunity against the coronavirus spike glycoprotein and detail novel pathways to rapidly identify and characterize protective monoclonal antibodies.}, }
@article {pmid32649864, year = {2020}, author = {Trottein, F and Sokol, H}, title = {Potential Causes and Consequences of Gastrointestinal Disorders during a SARS-CoV-2 Infection.}, journal = {Cell reports}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {107915}, doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107915}, pmid = {32649864}, issn = {2211-1247}, abstract = {Coronaviruses cause several human diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome. The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a huge threat to humans. Intensive research on the pathogenic mechanisms used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is urgently needed-notably to identify potential drug targets. Clinical studies of patients with COVID-19 have shown that gastrointestinal disorders appear to precede or follow the respiratory symptoms. Here, we review gastrointestinal disorders in patients with COVID-19, suggest hypothetical mechanisms leading to gut symptoms, and discuss the potential consequences of gastrointestinal disorders on the outcome of the disease. Lastly, we discuss the role of the gut microbiota during respiratory viral infections and suggest that targeting gut dysbiosis may help to control the pathogenesis of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32649840, year = {2020}, author = {Ali, N and Hossain, K}, title = {Liver injury in severe COVID-19 infection: current insights and challenges.}, journal = {Expert review of gastroenterology & hepatology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1080/17474124.2020.1794812}, pmid = {32649840}, issn = {1747-4132}, abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The outbreak of COVID-19 is a serious health threat worldwide. Different degrees of liver injury or liver dysfunctions have been reported in patients with COVID-19 infection. However, currently, it remains unclear to what extent liver diseases should be considered as significant risk factors for the severity and mortality of COVID-19. Moreover, the mechanisms involved in liver injury in severe COVID-19 infection are not yet well understood.
AREA COVERED: This review summarizes the current evidence on liver function abnormalities in COVID-19 patients and the effects of pre-existing liver disease on the disease severity. This review also illustrates the possible underlying mechanisms linking COVID-19 to liver injury, as well as provides recommendations to prevent liver damage in COVID-19 infection.
EXPERT OPINION: The elevated levels of ALT, AST, GGT and bilirubin are common in more severe patients than non-severe or mild COVID-19 patients. Patients with pre-existing medical conditions including chronic hepatic diseases are at higher risk for severe illness from COVID-19 infection. The drug's effects, possible viral inclusion in liver cells, systemic inflammation and hypoxia are potential causes of liver injury in severe COVID-19. Nevertheless, further studies are needed focusing on the pre-existing hepatic diseases on prevention, treatment and outcome of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32649791, year = {2020}, author = {Cravedi, P and Suraj, SM and Azzi, Y and Haverly, M and Farouk, S and Pérez-Sáez, MJ and Redondo-Pachón, MD and Murphy, B and Florman, S and Cyrino, LG and Grafals, M and Venkataraman, S and Cheng, XS and Wang, AX and Zaza, G and Ranghino, A and Furian, L and Manrique, J and Maggiore, U and Gandolfini, I and Agrawal, N and Patel, H and Akalin, E and Riella, LV and , }, title = {COVID-19 and Kidney Transplantation: Results from the TANGO International Transplant Consortium.}, journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/ajt.16185}, pmid = {32649791}, issn = {1600-6143}, abstract = {Kidney transplant recipients may be at high risk of developing critical COVID-19 illness due to chronic immunosuppression and comorbidities. We identified hospitalized adult kidney transplant recipients at 12 transplant centers in the US, Italy and Spain who tested positive for COVID-19. Clinical presentation, laboratory values, immunosuppression and treatment strategies were reviewed and predictors of poor clinical outcomes were determined through multivariable analyses. Among 9,845 kidney transplant recipients across centers, 144 were hospitalized due to COVID-19 during the 9-week study period. 65% were male with a mean age of 60 (±12) years, 40% Hispanic and 25% African-American. Prevalent comorbidities included hypertension (95%), diabetes (52%), obesity (49%), heart (28%) and lung (19%) disease. Therapeutic management included antimetabolite withdrawal (68%), calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal (23%), hydroxychloroquine (71%), antibiotics (74%), tocilizumab (13%) and antivirals (14%). During a median follow-up period of 52 days (IQR: 16-66 days), acute kidney injury occurred in 52% cases, respiratory failure requiring intubation in 29%, and mortality was 32%. The 44 patients who died were older, had lower lymphocyte counts and eGFR, higher serum lactate dehydrogenase, procalcitonin and IL-6 levels. In sum, hospitalized kidney transplant recipients with COVID-19 have higher rates of acute kidney injury and mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32649789, year = {2020}, author = {Chang, K and Chen, HC and Chen, SC and Kuo, CH}, title = {Infection control strategies of patient diversion in response to COVID-19.}, journal = {The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1002/kjm2.12270}, pmid = {32649789}, issn = {2410-8650}, }
@article {pmid32649784, year = {2020}, author = {Marín Gabriel, MA and Cuadrado, I and Álvarez Fernández, B and González Carrasco, E and Alonso Díaz, C and Llana Martín, I and Sánchez, L and Olivas, C and de Las Heras, S and Criado, E and , }, title = {Multi-centre Spanish study found no incidences of viral transmission in infants born to mothers with COVID-19.}, journal = {Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/apa.15474}, pmid = {32649784}, issn = {1651-2227}, abstract = {AIM: Our aim was to describe the clinical features of mothers infected with COVID-19 and examine any potential vertical mother to newborn transmission. We also assessed how effective the discharge recommendations were in preventing transmission during the first month of life.
METHODS: This multicentre descriptive study involved 16 Spanish hospitals. We reviewed the medical records of 42 pregnant women diagnosed with COVID-19 from 13 March to 29 March 2020, when they were in their third trimester of pregnancy. They and their newborn infants were monitored until the infant was one month old.
RESULTS: Over half (52.4%) of the women had a vaginal delivery. The initial clinical symptoms were coughing (66.6%) and fever (59.5%) and one mother died due to thrombo-embolic events. We admitted 37 newborn infants to the neonatal unit (88%) and 28 were then admitted to intermediate care for organisational virus-related reasons. No infants died and no vertical transmission was detected during hospitalisation or follow up. Only six were exclusively breastfed at discharge CONCLUSION: There was no evidence of COVID-19 transmission in any of the infants born to COVID-19 mothers and the post discharge advice seemed effective. The measures to avoid transmission appeared to reduce exclusive breastfeeding at discharge.}, }
@article {pmid32649770, year = {2020}, author = {Ghosh, S and Nandolia, KK and Tale, S and Kolli, M and Pahel Meitei, S and Vinay, G}, title = {Reverse Batwing sign in COVID-19 Pneumonia.}, journal = {QJM : monthly journal of the Association of Physicians}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/qjmed/hcaa223}, pmid = {32649770}, issn = {1460-2393}, }
@article {pmid32649747, year = {2020}, author = {Garcia-Vidal, C and Moreno-García, E and Hernández-Meneses, M and Puerta-Alcalde, P and Chumbita, M and Garcia-Pouton, N and Linares, L and Rico, V and Cardozo, C and Martínez, JA and García, F and Mensa, J and Castro, P and Nicolás, JM and Muñoz, J and Vidal, D and Soriano, A and , }, title = {Personalized therapy approach for hospitalized patients with COVID-19.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa964}, pmid = {32649747}, issn = {1537-6591}, abstract = {Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experiencing respiratory symptoms have different complications (inflammatory, co-infection and thrombotic) that are identifiable by analytics patterns. Personalized treatment decisions decreased early mortality (OR 0.144, CI 0.03-0.686; p=0.015). Increasing age (OR 1.06; p=0.038) and therapeutic effort limitation (OR 9.684; p<0.001) were associated with higher mortality.}, }
@article {pmid32649743, year = {2020}, author = {Torres, JP and Piñera, C and De La Maza, V and Lagomarcino, AJ and Simian, D and Torres, B and Urquidi, C and Valenzuela, MT and O'Ryan, M}, title = {SARS-CoV-2 antibody prevalence in blood in a large school community subject to a Covid-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional study.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa955}, pmid = {32649743}, issn = {1537-6591}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affecting 52 people from a large school community in Santiago, Chile was identified (March 12), nine days after the first country case. We assessed the magnitude of the outbreak and the role students and staff played using a self-administered antibody detection test and survey.
METHODS: The school was closed on March 13, and the entire community was placed under quarantine. We implemented a home-delivery, self-administered, IgG/IgM antibody test and survey to a classroom stratified sample of students and all staff from May 4-19. We aimed to determine overall seroprevalence rates by age group, reported symptoms, contact exposure and to explore dynamics of transmission.
RESULTS: Antibody positivity rates were 9.9% (95%CI: 8.2-11.8) for 1,009 students and 16.6% (95%CI: 12.1-21.9) for 235 staff. Among students, positivity was associated with younger age (P=0.01), lower grade level (P=0.05), prior RT-PCR positivity (P=0.03), and history of contact with a confirmed case (P<0.001). Among staff, positivity was higher in teachers (P=0.01) and in those previously RT-PCR positive (P<0.001). Excluding RT-PCR positive individuals, antibody positivity was associated with fever in adults and children (P=0.02; P=0.002), abdominal pain in children (P=0.001), and chest pain in adults (P=0.02). Within antibody positive individuals, 40% of students and 18% of staff reported no symptoms (P=0.01).
CONCLUSIONS: Teachers were more affected during the outbreak and younger children were at higher infection risk, likely because index case(s) were teachers and/or parents from preschool. Self-administered antibody testing, supervised remotely, proved to be a suitable and rapid tool. Our study provides useful information for school re-openings.}, }
@article {pmid32649739, year = {2020}, author = {Wong, YC and Lau, SY and Wang To, KK and Mok, BWY and Li, X and Wang, P and Deng, S and Woo, KF and Du, Z and Li, C and Zhou, J and Woo Chan, JF and Yuen, KY and Chen, H and Chen, Z}, title = {Natural transmission of bat-like SARS-CoV-2PRRA variants in COVID-19 patients.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa953}, pmid = {32649739}, issn = {1537-6591}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 contains the furin cleavage PRRA motif in the S1/S2 region, which enhances viral pathogenicity but is absent in closely related bat and pangolin coronaviruses. It remains unknown if bat-like coronaviral variants without PRRA (ΔPRRA) can establish natural infection in humans.
METHODS: Here, we developed a duplex digital PCR assay to examine ΔPRRA variants in Vero-E6-propagated isolates, human organoids, experimentally infected hamsters and COVID-19 patients.
RESULTS: We found that currently transmitting SARS-CoV-2 contained a quasispecies of wildtype, ΔPRRA variants and upstream variants that have mutations upstream the PRRA motif. Moreover, the ΔPRRA variants were readily detected despite at a low intra-host frequency in transmitted founder viruses in hamsters and in COVID-19 patients including acute cases and a family cluster with a prevalence rate of 52.9%.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that bat-like SARS-CoV-2ΔPRRA not only naturally exists but remains transmissible in COVID-19 patients, which have significant implications to zoonotic origin and natural evolution of SARS-CoV-2.}, }
@article {pmid32649738, year = {2020}, author = {Dong, YM and Sun, J and Li, YX and Chen, Q and Liu, QQ and Sun, Z and Pang, R and Chen, F and Xu, BY and Manyande, A and Clark, TG and Li, JP and Orhan, IE and Tian, YK and Wang, T and Wu, W and Ye, DW}, title = {Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Assessing Survival in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia.}, journal = {Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1093/cid/ciaa963}, pmid = {32649738}, issn = {1537-6591}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in 2019 has spread worldwide and continues to cause great threat to peoples' health as well as put pressure on the accessibility of medical systems. Early prediction of survival of hospitalized patients will help the clinical management of COVID-19, but such a prediction model which is reliable and valid is still lacking.
METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled 628 confirmed cases of COVID-19 using positive RT-PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 in Tongji Hospital in Wuhan, China. These patients were randomly grouped into a training cohort (60%) and a validation cohort (40%). In the training cohort, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were utilized to identify prognostic factors for in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. A nomogram based on the three variables was built for clinical use. Areas under the ROC curves (AUC), concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve were used to evaluate the efficiency of the nomogram in both the training and validation cohorts.
RESULTS: Hypertension, higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and increased NT-proBNP value were found to be significantly associated with poorer prognosis in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. The three predictors were further used to build a prediction nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram in the training and validation cohorts was 0.901 and 0.892, respectively. The AUC in the training cohort was 0.922 for 14- day and 0.919 for 21-day probability of in-hospital survival, while in the validation cohort was 0.922 and 0.881, respectively. Moreover, the calibration curve for 14- day and 21-day survival also showed high coherence between the predicted and actual probability of survival.
CONCLUSION: We managed to build a predictive model and constructed a nomogram for predicting in-hospital survival of patients with COVID-19. This model represents good performance and might be utilized clinically in the management of COVID-19.}, }
@article {pmid32649713, year = {2020}, author = {Mamode Khan, N and Soobhug, AD and Heenaye-Mamode Khan, M}, title = {Studying the trend of the novel coronavirus series in Mauritius and its implications.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, pages = {e0235730}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0235730}, pmid = {32649713}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {Mauritius stands as one of the few countries in the world to have controlled the current pandemic, the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) to a significant extent in a relatively short lapse of time. Owing to uncertainties and crisis amid the pandemic, as an emergency announcement, the World Health Organization (WHO) solicits the help of health authorities, especially, researchers to conduct in-depth research on the evolution and treatment of COVID-19. This paper proposes an integer-valued time series model to analyze the series of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius wherein the corresponding innovation term accommodates for covariate specification. In this set-up, sanitary curfew followed by sanitization and sensitization campaigns, time factor and safe shopping guidelines have been tested as the most significant variables, unlike climatic conditions. The over-dispersion estimates and the serial auto-correlation parameter are also statistically significant. This study also confirms the presence of some unobservable effects like the pathological genesis of the novel coronavirus and environmental factors which contribute to rapid propagation of the zoonotic virus in the community. Based on the proposed COM-Poisson mixture models, we could predict the number of COVID-19 cases in Mauritius. The forecasting results provide satisfactory mean squared errors. Such findings will subsequently encourage the policymakers to implement strict precautionary measures in terms of constant upgrading of the current health care and wellness system and re-enforcement of sanitary obligations.}, }
@article {pmid32649687, year = {2020}, author = {Qian, K and Yahara, T}, title = {Mentality and behavior in COVID-19 emergency status in Japan: Influence of personality, morality and ideology.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, pages = {e0235883}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0235883}, pmid = {32649687}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic began in December 2019 and severely influenced society. In response, the Japanese government declared a state of emergency on 7th April in seven prefectures. The study conducted an immediate survey on 8th April to record the response of the general public to the first emergency status due to epidemics. The study hypothesized that personality traits, moral foundation, and political ideology can influence people's mentality, cognition, and behavior toward COVID-19. Based on a nationwide dataset of 1856 respondents (male = 56.3%, Mage = 46.7, emergency regions = 49.9%), the study found that personality, morality, and ideology altered mental health status and motivated behaviors toward COVID-19. Neuroticism and avoiding harm involved cognition and behavior through various means. The study also found significant differences among demographic groups. Results are informative and contributive to the governance and management of, and aid for, individual responses to the COVID-19 pandemic.}, }
@article {pmid32649661, year = {2020}, author = {Abate, SM and Ahmed Ali, S and Mantfardo, B and Basu, B}, title = {Rate of Intensive Care Unit admission and outcomes among patients with coronavirus: A systematic review and Meta-analysis.}, journal = {PloS one}, volume = {15}, number = {7}, pages = {e0235653}, doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0235653}, pmid = {32649661}, issn = {1932-6203}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The rate of ICU admission among patients with coronavirus varied from 3% to 100% and the mortality was as high as 86% of admitted patients. The objective of the systematic review was to investigate the rate of ICU admission, mortality, morbidity, and complications among patients with coronavirus.
METHODS: A comprehensive strategy was conducted in PubMed/Medline; Science direct and LILACS from December 2002 to May 2020 without language restriction. The Heterogeneity among the included studies was checked with forest plot, χ2 test, I2 test, and the p-values. All observational studies reporting rate of ICU admission, the prevalence of mortality and its determinants among ICU admitted patients with coronavirus were included and the rest were excluded.
RESULT: A total of 646 articles were identified from different databases and 50 articles were selected for evaluation. Thirty-seven Articles with 24983 participants were included. The rate of ICU admission was 32% (95% CI: 26 to 38, 37 studies and 32, 741 participants). The Meta-Analysis revealed that the pooled prevalence of mortality in patients with coronavirus disease in ICU was 39% (95% CI: 34 to 43, 37 studies and 24, 983 participants).
CONCLUSION: The Meta-Analysis revealed that approximately one-third of patients admitted to ICU with severe Coronavirus disease and more than thirty percent of patients admitted to ICU with a severe form of COVID-19 for better care died which warns the health care stakeholders to give attention to intensive care patients.
REGISTRATION: This Systematic review and Meta-Analysis was registered in Prospero international prospective register of systemic reviews (CRD42020177095) on April 9/2020.}, }
@article {pmid32649650, year = {2020}, author = {Lai, R and Tan, L and Lai, X and Zhang, X and Zhou, Q}, title = {Help-Seeking Behavior of Returning to Work in Healthcare Workers and its Influencing Factors During COVID-19 Subsiding.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001959}, pmid = {32649650}, issn = {1536-5948}, abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To explore the level and influencing factors of help-seeking behavior of returning to work in healthcare Workers (HCWs).
METHODS: A total of 861 HCWs were surveyed. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the influencing factors of help-seeking behavior.
RESULTS: HCWs sought help with respect to COVID-19-diagnosised problem most. Help-seeking intention, problems encountered after return, test for return, work condition during COVID-19, relatives or friends diagnosed or suspected as COVID-19 and socio-demographic characteristics such as occupation, education, title and marriage status are predictors of help-seeking behavior.
CONCLUSIONS: Education and intervention should lay particular stress on HCWs featured rest at home before return, doctor, lower education and lower title to ensure the safety, accuracy and quality of work after they return to work for a better occupational environment.}, }
@article {pmid32649649, year = {2020}, author = {}, title = {How did Occupational and Employee Health Services Strengthen their Health System to meet the challenge presented by the COVID-19 Pandemic?.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001956}, pmid = {32649649}, issn = {1536-5948}, }
@article {pmid32649648, year = {2020}, author = {Pronk, NP and Kassler, WJ}, title = {Balancing Health and Economic Factors when Reopening Business in the Age of COVID-19.}, journal = {Journal of occupational and environmental medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JOM.0000000000001955}, pmid = {32649648}, issn = {1536-5948}, }
@article {pmid32649591, year = {2020}, author = {Lie, SA and Wong, LT and Chee, M and Chong, SY}, title = {Process-Oriented In Situ Simulation Is a Valuable Tool to Rapidly Ensure Operating Room Preparedness for COVID-19 Outbreak.}, journal = {Simulation in healthcare : journal of the Society for Simulation in Healthcare}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SIH.0000000000000478}, pmid = {32649591}, issn = {1559-713X}, abstract = {STATEMENT: Process-oriented in situ simulation has been gaining widespread acceptance in the evaluation of the safety of new healthcare teams and facilities. In this article, we highlight learning points from our proactive use of in situ simulation as part of plan-do-study-act cycles to ensure operating room facility preparedness for COVID-19 outbreak. We found in situ simulation to be a valuable tool in disease outbreak preparedness, allowing us to ensure proper use of personal protective equipment and protocol adherence, and to identify latent safety threats and novel problems that were not apparent in the initial planning stage. Through this, we could refine our workflow and operating room setup to provide timely surgical interventions for potential COVID-19 patients in our hospital while keeping our staff and patients safe. Running a simulation may be time and resource intensive, but it is a small price to pay if it can help prevent disease spread in an outbreak.}, }
@article {pmid32649574, year = {2020}, author = {Vöö, S and Dizdarevic, S}, title = {Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography lung perfusion imaging during the COVID-19 pandemic: does nuclear medicine need to reconsider its guidelines?.}, journal = {Nuclear medicine communications}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/MNM.0000000000001246}, pmid = {32649574}, issn = {1473-5628}, }
@article {pmid32649566, year = {2020}, author = {Omari, AA and Al-Ashqar, R and Nuseir, A and Balas, HAL and Allan, H and Kanaan, Y and Alzoubi, F}, title = {Overview of Upper Airway Management During Covid-19 Outbreak: Head & Neck Surgeon's Perspective.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006798}, pmid = {32649566}, issn = {1536-3732}, abstract = {At the end of December, 2019, a new virus was named SARS-CoV-2 appeared in Wuhan, China the disease it causes as COVID-19 by WHO, to date having infected more than 3588773 people worldwide, as well as causing 247503 deaths (1), a human to human Transmission is thought to be predominantly by droplet spread, and direct contact with the patient or contaminated surfaces. (2). This paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview as well as to highlight essential evidence based guidelines for how Head and Neck surgeon and healthcare providers need to take into consideration during their management of the upper airway during the COVID-19 pandemic safely and effectively to avoid the spread of the virus to the health provider.}, }
@article {pmid32649560, year = {2020}, author = {Piombino, P and Sani, L and Committeri, U and Carraturo, E and Foderini, A and Romano, A and Orabona, GD and Bonavolontà, P and Abbate, V and Califano, L}, title = {Guidelines and Recommendations for Patient Management, Surgical Activities, and Safety in the Maxillofacial Unit and Head and Neck Department During COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006753}, pmid = {32649560}, issn = {1536-3732}, abstract = {The recent pandemic has led to an unprecedented overload of sanitary systems around the world. Despite that a maxillofacial department is not a frontline specialty in the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 infections, our department has found itself faced with numerous problems in keeping the care system active and efficient while ensuring safety for patients and healthcare professionals. Massive redistribution of health personnel was needed to improve prevention and personal safety measures. The education and training system has been kept active, giving residents a decisive role in managing the state of emergency response. This article outlines new guidelines for infection prevention: from clinical control, treatment processes, clinical management, protection, and disinfection of healthcare professionals.}, }
@article {pmid32649559, year = {2020}, author = {Elsayed, SA and Abu-Hammad, O and Alolayan, AB and Eldeen, YS and Dar-Odeh, N}, title = {Fallacies and Facts Around COVID-19: The Multifaceted Infection.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006752}, pmid = {32649559}, issn = {1536-3732}, }
@article {pmid32649548, year = {2020}, author = {Gomes, BA and Queiroz, FLC and Pereira, PLO and Barbosa, TV and Tramontana, MB and Afonso, FAC and Garcia, EDS and Borba, AM}, title = {In-House Three-Dimensional Printing Workflow for Face Shield During COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006723}, pmid = {32649548}, issn = {1536-3732}, abstract = {From the beginning of the year 2020, the world was affected by a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, leading to a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) at a global level, and thus generating exposure of health professionals to this extremely contagious virus. Within this context, the present work seeks to present an alternative for the production of face shields "face shields," in which it recommends its production "in house" through 3D printing, in principle initiated by Prusa Research, where we download your project of support of facial protectors, proceeding with printing through the 3D printer Gtmax3D Core H5. The authors produced a face shield in ABS, in a total time of 3 hours and 44 minutes. Thus, the model presented proved to be feasible, at a low cost, adding to the list of possibilities to produce inputs necessary to maintain the fight against this epidemic.}, }
@article {pmid32649538, year = {2020}, author = {Harikrishnan, P}, title = {Gustatory Dysfunction as an Early Symptom in COVID-19 Screening.}, journal = {The Journal of craniofacial surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SCS.0000000000006797}, pmid = {32649538}, issn = {1536-3732}, abstract = {The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) from Wuhan, China in December 2019 leads to the present coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The various symptoms identified for COVID-19 are fever, dry cough, sore throat, dyspnea, fatigue, myalgia, and headache. Olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions are emerging as a new symptom more in the European patients. Taste disturbances are common in various oral and systemic diseases. Varying severity and onset of taste disturbances are reported in COVID-19 positive patients in this pandemic. But a sudden onset of taste disturbances without an established and recognized cause should raise suspicion of COVID-19. This article will analyze the various studies focusing on taste disturbances as a reliable early symptom for COVID-19 screening.}, }
@article {pmid32649505, year = {2020}, author = {Garcia-Manau, P and Garcia-Ruiz, I and Rodo, C and Sulleiro, E and Maiz, N and Catalan, M and Fernández-Hidalgo, N and Balcells, J and Antón, A and Carreras, E and Suy, A}, title = {Fetal Transient Skin Edema in Two Pregnant Women With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).}, journal = {Obstetrics and gynecology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/AOG.0000000000004059}, pmid = {32649505}, issn = {1873-233X}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: The risk of vertical transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection remains unknown. Positive reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates and placental tissue have been reported, and immunoglobulin M antibodies have been detected in neonates born to mothers with infection.
CASES: The first case is a woman at 22 3/7 weeks of gestation with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who was admitted to the intensive care unit. In the second case, the patient remained at home with mild symptoms, starting at 20 weeks of gestation. In both cases, fetal skin edema was observed on ultrasound examination while maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results were positive and resolved when maternal SARS-COV-2 RT-PCR test results became negative. The RT-PCR test result for SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid was negative in both cases. The two pregnancies are ongoing and uneventful.
CONCLUSION: Transient fetal skin edema noted in these two patients with COVID-19 in the second trimester may represent results of fetal infection or altered fetal physiology due to maternal disease or may be unrelated to the maternal illness.}, }
@article {pmid32649463, year = {2020}, author = {Roberts, SE}, title = {I Can't Breathe - Race, Violence and COVID-19.}, journal = {Annals of surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SLA.0000000000004256}, pmid = {32649463}, issn = {1528-1140}, }
@article {pmid32649439, year = {2020}, author = {Bhashyam, AR and Dyer, GSM}, title = {"Virtual" Boot Camp: Orthopaedic Intern Education in the Time of COVID-19 and Beyond.}, journal = {The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00559}, pmid = {32649439}, issn = {1940-5480}, abstract = {The emergence of COVID-19 as a viral pandemic in early 2020 resulted in notable changes to the daily practice, workflow, and education of orthopaedic residencies internationally. In particular, social distancing, residency restructuring, and redeployment to other services has increased heterogeneity in schedules and made the in-person gathering of trainees for education increasingly challenging. These changes may last until 2024 based on some mathematical models, resulting in notable disruptions to orthopaedic education, especially for junior residents. Therefore, in this study, we describe how we converted our in-person PGY-1 skills course into a "virtual" boot camp based on validated training modules and existing American Board of Orthopaedic Surgeons guidelines. Lessons learned from the experience and potential areas for improvement in the use of newer technology to teach cognitive knowledge and skills modules are highlighted with the hope that this can be useful to other orthopaedic residency programs, during the pandemic and also beyond.}, }
@article {pmid32649436, year = {2020}, author = {Shetty, N and Kaweri, L and Khamar, P and Balakrishnan, N and Rasheed, A and Kabi, P and Basu, S and Shetty, R and Nuijts, RMMA and Roy, AS}, title = {Propensity and quantification of aerosol and droplet creation during phacoemulsification with high-speed shadowgraphy amidst COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {Journal of cataract and refractive surgery}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000289}, pmid = {32649436}, issn = {1873-4502}, abstract = {PURPOSE: To study propensity of aerosol and droplet generation during phacoemulsification using high-speed shadowgraphy and quantify its spread amidst COVID-19 pandemic.
SETTING: Aerosol and droplet quantification laboratory DESIGN:: Laboratory study.
METHODS: In an experimental set up, phacoemulsification was performed on enucleated goat eyes and cadaveric human corneo-scleral rims mounted on an artificial anterior chamber. Standard settings for sculpt and quadrant removal mode were used on Visalis 100 (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Germany). Microincision and standard phacoemulsification were done using titanium straight tips (2.2 and 2.8 mm in diameter). The main wound incisions were titrated equal to and larger than the sleeve size. High speed shadowgraphy technique was used to detect the possible generation of any droplets and aerosols. The visualization and quantification of size of the aerosols and droplets along with calculation of their spread were the main outcome measures.
RESULTS: In longitudinal phacoemulsification using a peristaltic pump device with a straight tip, no aerosol generation was seen in a closed chamber. In larger wounds, there was a slow leak at the main wound. The atomization of balanced salt solution was observed only when the phaco tip was completely exposed next to the ocular surface. Under this condition, the nominal size of the droplet was ∼ 50 µm and the maximum calculated spread was 1.3 meters.
CONCLUSIONS: There was no visible aerosol generation during microincision or standard phacoemulsification. Phacoemulsification is safe to perform in the COVID-19 era by taking adequate precautions against other modes of transmission.}, }
@article {pmid32649427, year = {2020}, author = {Virarkar, M and Jensen, C and Javadi, S and Saleh, M and Bhosale, PR}, title = {Radiology Education Amid COVID-19 Pandemic and Possible Solutions.}, journal = {Journal of computer assisted tomography}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/RCT.0000000000001061}, pmid = {32649427}, issn = {1532-3145}, abstract = {Along with the rest of the world, the United States is inundated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The medical services in the country have been severely affected. The pandemic poses extraordinary challenges to academic institutions including radiology residency and fellowship programs. Herein, we delineate major difficulties faced by our radiology training program and mitigating countermeasures. The primary objective is to discuss the changes in our radiology training programs due to COVID-19 to allow for continued radiology education.}, }
@article {pmid32649426, year = {2020}, author = {Miranda Magalhães Santos, JM and Paula Alves Fonseca, A and Pinheiro Zarattini Anastacio, E and Formagio Minenelli, F and Furtado de Albuquerque Cavalcanti, C and Borges da Silva Teles, G}, title = {Initial Results of the Use of a Standardized Diagnostic Criteria for Chest Computed Tomography Findings in Coronavirus Disease 2019.}, journal = {Journal of computer assisted tomography}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/RCT.0000000000001054}, pmid = {32649426}, issn = {1532-3145}, abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the initial results of chest computed tomography (CT) standardized diagnostic criteria proposed by the Radiological Society of North America in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
METHODS: Seventy-one patients who underwent RT-PCR test for COVID-19 and chest CT within an interval of 4 days or less were included. Seventy-five CTs were reviewed and classified as typical, indeterminate, or atypical appearance or negative for pneumonia by 2 radiologists. With RT-PCR as reference standard, the performance of the CT diagnostic criteria in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed.
RESULTS: The prevalence of positive RT-PCR was 45.1%. It was obtained a sensitivity of 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78%-89%), a specificity of 97% (95% CI, 92%-99%), an accuracy of 91% (95% CI, 85%-96%), a positive predictive value of 97% (95% CI, 91%-99%), and a negative predictive value of 86% (95% CI, 80%-92%). The diagnostic performance was excellent, considering the area under the curve of 0.92 (95% CI, 0.84-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: Chest CT standardized diagnostic criteria had high specificity and positive predictive value for the diagnosis of COVID-19 when presenting a typical appearance.}, }
@article {pmid32649379, year = {2020}, author = {Steiner, NE}, title = {Letter to the Editor (COVID-19 and Stroke).}, journal = {The Journal of neuroscience nursing : journal of the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/JNN.0000000000000538}, pmid = {32649379}, issn = {1945-2810}, }
@article {pmid32649367, year = {2020}, author = {Leyfman, Y and Erick, TK and Reddy, SS and Galwankar, S and Nanayakkara, PWB and Di Somma, S and Sharma, P and Stawicki, SP and Chaudry, IH}, title = {Potential Immunotherapeutic Targets For Hypoxia Due to COVI-FLU.}, journal = {Shock (Augusta, Ga.)}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/SHK.0000000000001627}, pmid = {32649367}, issn = {1540-0514}, abstract = {The world is currently embroiled in a pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness caused by the novel betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The severity of COVID-19 disease ranges from asymptomatic to fatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In few patients, the disease undergoes phenotypic differentiation between 7-14 days of acute illness, either resulting in full recovery or symptom escalation. However, the mechanism of such variation is not clear, but the facts suggest that patient's immune status, co-morbidities, and the systemic effects of the viral infection (potentially depending on the SARS-CoV-2 strain involved) play a key role. Subsequently, patients with the most severe symptoms tend to have poor outcomes, manifest severe hypoxia, and possess elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (including IL-1β, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) along with elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, marked lymphopenia, and elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios. Based on the available evidence, we propose a mechanism wherein SARS-CoV-2 infection induces direct organ damage while also fueling an IL-6-mediated cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and hypoxia, resulting in escalating systemic inflammation, multi-organ damage, and end-organ failure. Elevated IL-6 and hypoxia together predisposes patients to pulmonary hypertension, and the presence of asymptomatic hypoxia in COVID-19 further compounds this problem. Due to the similar downstream mediators, we discuss the potential synergistic effects and systemic ramifications of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus during co-infection, a phenomenon we have termed "COVI-Flu." Additionally, the differences between CRS and cytokine storm are highlighted. Finally, novel management approaches, clinical trials, and therapeutic strategies toward both SARS-CoV-2 and COVI-Flu infection are discussed, highlighting host response optimization and systemic inflammation reduction.}, }
@article {pmid32649315, year = {2020}, author = {McGuone, D and Sinard, J and Gill, JR and Masters, A and Liu, C and Morotti, R and Parkash, V}, title = {Autopsy Services and Emergency Preparedness of a Tertiary Academic Hospital Mortuary for the COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: The Yale Plan.}, journal = {Advances in anatomic pathology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1097/PAP.0000000000000274}, pmid = {32649315}, issn = {1533-4031}, abstract = {Pathology Autopsy and Mortuary Services have been front and center in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Co-V-2) pandemic. The sheer number of fatalities from the pandemic have been unlike any other in recent memory and needed the rapid creation of new protocols and paradigms to manage the situation. This required rapidly escalating mortuary capacity to manage the increased fatalities from the pandemic with the establishment of lines of communication and networking with governmental entities, institution of new policies for patient flow, and implementation of worker infection control and well-being plans. Autopsies also assumed a crucial role, both to provide insight into the pathomechanisms of a novel disease and to allow tissue retrieval necessary to power research directed towards finding a vaccine. We here outline the plan adopted by the Yale Autopsy and Mortuary Services, in alignment with the institutional mission of high-quality patient care, education, research and health care worker safety and well-being, as the Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surged in Connecticut. In the early response phase, ensuring sufficient mortuary capacity necessarily took center stage. As we enter the recovery and plateau phase of the pandemic, setting up a process for a rapid and safe autopsy, that will meet educational and research needs while ensuring the safety of our workforce is being implemented.}, }
@article {pmid32649301, year = {2020}, author = {McElhiney, LF}, title = {Pharmacies on the Frontline: Responding to the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {International journal of pharmaceutical compounding}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, pages = {287-295}, pmid = {32649301}, issn = {1092-4221}, abstract = {The year 2020 will infamously be known for the COVID-19 pandemic. It certainly caught most of the population completely off-guard and forever changed their lives. Unfortunately, this pandemic is expected to make a resurgence in the fall, but hopefully more will be known about SARS-CoV-2, better treatment protocols will be established, and, possibly, a safe and effective vaccine will be developed and available soon. There are numerous drug shortages due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Some products are not commercially available in certain dosage forms needed by patients. Pharmacies (retail, independents, health systems) all over the U.S. are being asked to compound items such as hand sanitizers, saccharin solutions for FIT testing of N95 masks, and hydroxychloroquine suspension. The commercial lopinavir/ritonavir oral liquid is in short supply and may need to be compounded soon. We are all in this one together, from the essential workers to the children, and pharmacists are emerging as one of the first-line responders.}, }
@article {pmid32649297, year = {2020}, author = {Allen, LV}, title = {PreScription: COVID-19 and Compounding Pharmacists.}, journal = {International journal of pharmaceutical compounding}, volume = {24}, number = {4}, pages = {268}, pmid = {32649297}, issn = {1092-4221}, }
@article {pmid32649272, year = {2020}, author = {Wallace, TC}, title = {Combating COVID-19 and Building Immune Resilience: A Potential Role for Magnesium Nutrition?.}, journal = {Journal of the American College of Nutrition}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-9}, doi = {10.1080/07315724.2020.1785971}, pmid = {32649272}, issn = {1541-1087}, abstract = {BACKGROUND: In December 2019, the viral pandemic of respiratory illness caused by COVID-19 began sweeping its way across the globe. Several aspects of this infectious disease mimic metabolic events shown to occur during latent subclinical magnesium deficiency. Hypomagnesemia is a relatively common clinical occurrence that often goes unrecognized since magnesium levels are rarely monitored in the clinical setting. Magnesium is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium. It is involved in >600 enzymatic reactions in the body, including those contributing to the exaggerated immune and inflammatory responses exhibited by COVID-19 patients.
METHODS: A summary of experimental findings and knowledge of the biochemical role magnesium may play in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is presented in this perspective. The National Academy of Medicine's Standards for Systematic Reviews were independently employed to identify clinical and prospective cohort studies assessing the relationship of magnesium with interleukin-6, a prominent drug target for treating COVID-19.
RESULTS: Clinical recommendations are given for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Constant monitoring of ionized magnesium status with subsequent repletion, when appropriate, may be an effective strategy to influence disease contraction and progression. The peer-reviewed literature supports that several aspects of magnesium nutrition warrant clinical consideration. Mechanisms include its "calcium-channel blocking" effects that lead to downstream suppression of nuclear factor-Kβ, interleukin-6, c-reactive protein, and other related endocrine disrupters; its role in regulating renal potassium loss; and its ability to activate and enhance the functionality of vitamin D, among others.
CONCLUSION: As the world awaits an effective vaccine, nutrition plays an important and safe role in helping mitigate patient morbidity and mortality. Our group is working with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics to collect patient-level data from intensive care units across the United States to better understand nutrition care practices that lead to better outcomes.}, }
@article {pmid32649266, year = {2020}, author = {Kotsen, C and Dilip, D and Carter-Harris, L and O'Brien, M and Whitlock, CW and de Leon-Sanchez, S and Ostroff, JS}, title = {Rapid Scaling Up of Telehealth Treatment for Tobacco-Dependent Cancer Patients During the COVID-19 Outbreak in New York City.}, journal = {Telemedicine journal and e-health : the official journal of the American Telemedicine Association}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1089/tmj.2020.0194}, pmid = {32649266}, issn = {1556-3669}, abstract = {Background: The (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in sudden disruption of routine clinical care necessitating rapid transformation to maintain clinical care while safely reducing virus contagion. Introduction: Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) experienced a rapid evolution from delivery of in-person cessation counseling services to virtual telehealth treatments for our tobacco-dependent cancer patients. Aim: To examine the effect of rapid scaling of tobacco treatment telehealth on patient engagement, as measured by attendance rates for in-person counseling visits versus remote telehealth counseling visits. We also describe the patient, clinician, and health care system challenges encountered in rapid expansion of individual and group tobacco telehealth services. Methods: Data collected from the electronic medical record during the first 4 months of the COVID-19 pandemic were examined for tobacco treatment counseling. Results: From January 1, 2020 to March 30, 2020, markedly improved patient engagement was observed in ambulatory tobacco treatment services with greater attendance at scheduled telehealth visits than in-person visits, 75% versus 60.3%, odds ratio 1.84 (confidence interval: 1.26-2.71; p < 0.001). In addition, bedside hospital counseling visits were transformed into inpatient telephone visits with high levels of sustained patient engagement. Lastly, group telehealth services were launched rapidly to increase capacity and provide greater psychosocial support for cancer patients struggling with tobacco dependence. Discussion: Clinical, Information Technology (IT), and hospital system barriers were successfully addressed for most cancer patients seeking individual telehealth treatment. Group telehealth services were found to be feasible and acceptable. Conclusions: MSK's rapid leap into virtual care delivery mitigated disruption of tobacco treatment services and demonstrated strong feasibility and acceptance for managing complex tobacco-dependent patients.}, }
@article {pmid32649264, year = {2020}, author = {Olson, MC and Lubner, MG and Menias, CO and Mellnick, VM and Gettle, LM and Kim, DH and Elsayes, KM and Pickhardt, PJ}, title = {RadioGraphics Update: Venous Thrombosis and Hypercoagulability in the Abdomen and Pelvis-Findings in COVID-19.}, journal = {Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {200119}, doi = {10.1148/rg.2020200119}, pmid = {32649264}, issn = {1527-1323}, abstract = {Editor's Note.-Articles in the RadioGraphics Update section provide current knowledge to supplement or update information found in full-length articles previously published in RadioGraphics. Authors of the previously published article provide a brief synopsis that emphasizes important new information such as technological advances, revised imaging protocols, new clinical guidelines involving imaging, or updated classification schemes. Articles in this section are published solely online and are linked to the original article.}, }
@article {pmid32649262, year = {2020}, author = {Ciorba, A and Corazzi, V and Skarżyński, PH and Skarżyńska, MB and Bianchini, C and Pelucchi, S and Hatzopoulos, S}, title = {Don't forget ototoxicity during the SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) pandemic!.}, journal = {International journal of immunopathology and pharmacology}, volume = {34}, number = {}, pages = {2058738420941754}, doi = {10.1177/2058738420941754}, pmid = {32649262}, issn = {2058-7384}, abstract = {Aim of this communication is to remind clinical professionals to be aware of ototoxic side effects of several specific drugs proposed for the treatment of the new virus SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19). In particular, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, as well as antiviral drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir and lopinavir can all present potential ototoxic side effects. The data in the literature do not offer specific information on their potential synergetic effects nor on their interactions.}, }
@article {pmid32649252, year = {2020}, author = {Gordon, C and Thompson, A}, title = {Use of personal protective equipment during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)}, volume = {29}, number = {13}, pages = {748-752}, doi = {10.12968/bjon.2020.29.13.748}, pmid = {32649252}, issn = {0966-0461}, }
@article {pmid32649251, year = {2020}, author = {Leigh, J and Bolton, M and Cain, K and Harrison, N and Bolton, NY and Ratcliffe, S}, title = {Student experiences of nursing on the front line during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)}, volume = {29}, number = {13}, pages = {788-789}, doi = {10.12968/bjon.2020.29.13.788}, pmid = {32649251}, issn = {0966-0461}, }
@article {pmid32649232, year = {2020}, author = {Ramacciotti, E and Macedo, AS and Biagioni, RB and Caffaro, RA and Lopes, RD and Guerra, JC and Orsi, FA and Marques, MA and Tafur, AJ and Caprini, JA and Nicolaides, A and Carter, CA and Filho, CC and Fareed, J}, title = {Evidence-Based Practical Guidance for the Antithrombotic Management in Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) in 2020.}, journal = {Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {1076029620936350}, doi = {10.1177/1076029620936350}, pmid = {32649232}, issn = {1938-2723}, abstract = {This practical guidance, endorsed by the Brazilian Society of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and The Brazilian Society of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, the International Union of Angiology and the European Venous Forum, aims to provide physicians with clear guidance, based on current best evidence-based data, on clinical strategies to manage antithrombotic strategies in patients with coronavirus disease 2019.}, }
@article {pmid32649231, year = {2020}, author = {Demirci, U and Ozdemir, H and Demirbag-Kabayel, D and Umit, EG and Demir, AM}, title = {Reducing the Risk of Venous Thrombosis During Self-Isolation and COVID-19 Pandemic for Patients With Cancer: Focus on Home Exercises Prescription.}, journal = {Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis}, volume = {26}, number = {}, pages = {1076029620933947}, doi = {10.1177/1076029620933947}, pmid = {32649231}, issn = {1938-2723}, }
@article {pmid32649229, year = {2020}, author = {Jin, R and Pettengill, MA and Hartnett, NL and Auerbach, HE and Peiper, SC and Wang, Z}, title = {Commercial SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Assays: Superior Analytical Sensitivity of cobas SARS-CoV-2 Relative to NxTAG Cov Extended Panel and ID NOW COVID-19 Test.}, journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5858/arpa.2020-0283-SA}, pmid = {32649229}, issn = {1543-2165}, abstract = {Context - We implemented multiple nucleic acid amplification test platforms because of the limited availability of test kits for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the early stages of the pandemic. Interpretation of results generated by different platforms and prioritization for testing algorithms required cross-comparison. Objective - To compare the analytical sensitivity of three commercial SARS-CoV-2 molecular assays, selected samples were studied in parallel with Cobas SARS-CoV-2 test, NxTAG CoV Extended Panel, and ID NOW COVID-19 assays. Design - A total of 8043 SARS-CoV-2 tests performed from March 22 to April 19, 2020, were included in this study. For all 1794 positive specimens detected by the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assay, the cycle threshold (Ct) values were manually tracked and plotted, to demonstrate the distribution of sample viral levels. Additionally, 50 and 63 low positive specimens (Ct values >32) as well as 50 and 61 consecutive positive specimens by the cobas assay were tested with NxTAG and ID NOW, respectively, to estimate their relative sensitivities. Results - Ct values of cobas SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were evenly distributed over ranges of 13.32-39.50 (mean: 25.06) and 13.60-42.49 (mean: 26.45) for ORF1 and E gene targets, respectively. NxTAG only reliably detected specimens with E gene Ct values lower than 33, and is estimated to detect 89.4% of positive specimens detected by cobas assay. ID NOW had performance variation independent of Ct value and is estimated to detect 83.5% of cobas positives. Conclusions - Clinical specimens exhibit a wide range of viral burden, with a significant portion at low levels. Analytical sensitivity of testing platforms is critical for reliable detection of SARS-CoV-2 and uniform care to patients.}, }
@article {pmid32649228, year = {2020}, author = {Shanshal, M}, title = {Low- dose systemic steroids, an emerging therapeutic option for COVID-19 related urticaria.}, journal = {The Journal of dermatological treatment}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {1-10}, doi = {10.1080/09546634.2020.1795062}, pmid = {32649228}, issn = {1471-1753}, abstract = {Dermatologists around the world are still doing their best to report more cutaneous manifestations of the emerging COVID-19 infection. New-onset acute or relapsing chronic urticaria may result from the body's overreacting inflammatory response to infection. The cytokine storm hits different organs in the body, including the skin, leading to activation and degranulation of mast cells with resultant urticaria. Low-dose systemic steroids combined with antihistamines can combat the COVID-19 inflammatory insult and play a role in the control of COVID-19 related severe urticarial attack.}, }
@article {pmid32649222, year = {2020}, author = {Aloisio, E and Chibireva, M and Serafini, L and Pasqualetti, S and Falvella, FS and Dolci, A and Panteghini, M}, title = {A comprehensive appraisal of laboratory biochemistry tests as major predictors of COVID-19 severity.}, journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5858/arpa.2020-0389-SA}, pmid = {32649222}, issn = {1543-2165}, abstract = {Context: A relevant portion of COVID-19 patients develop severe disease with negative outcomes. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict COVID-19 severity, but no definite interpretative criteria have been established to date for stratifying risk. Objective: To evaluate six serum biomarkers (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, D-dimer, albumin, ferritin and cardiac troponin T) for predicting COVID-19 severity and to define related cut-offs able to aid clinicians in risk stratification of hospitalized patients. Design: A retrospective study of 427 COVID-19 patients was performed. Patients were divided into groups based on their clinical outcome: non-survivors vs. survivors and patients admitted to intensive care unit vs. others. ROC curves and likelihood ratios were employed to define predictive cut-offs for evaluated markers. Results: Marker concentrations at peak were significantly different between groups for both selected outcomes. At univariate logistic regression analysis, all parameters were significantly associated with higher odds of death and intensive care. At the multivariate analysis, high concentrations of lactate dehydrogenase and low concentrations of albumin in serum remained significantly associated with higher odds of death, while only low lactate dehydrogenase activities remained associated with lower odds of intensive care admission. The best cut-offs for death prediction were >731 U/L for lactate dehydrogenase and ≤18 g/L for albumin, while a lactate dehydrogenase activity <425 U/L was associated with a negative likelihood ratio of 0.10 for intensive treatment. Conclusions: Our study identifies which biochemistry tests represent major predictors of COVID-19 severity and defines the best cut-offs for their use.}, }
@article {pmid32649217, year = {2020}, author = {Chang, EH and Willis, AL and Romanoski, CE and Cusanovich, DA and Pouladi, N and Li, J and Lussier, YA and Martinez, FD}, title = {RV Infections in Asthmatics Increase ACE2 Expression and Cytokine Pathways Implicated in COVID-19.}, journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1164/rccm.202004-1343LE}, pmid = {32649217}, issn = {1535-4970}, }
@article {pmid32649214, year = {2020}, author = {Paczos, TA}, title = {Mounting a Regional Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Another Reason to "Keep" Your Lab.}, journal = {Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.5858/arpa.2020-0397-SA}, pmid = {32649214}, issn = {1543-2165}, abstract = {Context: Declining reimbursement shifts hospital laboratories from system assets to cost centers. This has resulted in increased outsourcing of laboratory services which can jeopardize a hospital systems ability to respond to a health care crisis. Objectives: To demonstrate investment in a core laboratory serving an academic medical center equipped a regional health system to respond to the pandemic. Design: COVID-19 diagnostic testing data was analyzed. Volumes were evaluated by result date (3/16/2020 - 5/6/2020) and the average of received to verified turn-around-time (TAT) was calculated and compared for in-house and send-out testing, and different in-house testing methodologies. Results: Daily viral diagnostic testing capacity increased by greater than 3000 % (from 21 tests per day to 658 tests per day). Total viral diagnostic testing resulted by the core lab increased by 128 times over 22 days of test method validation and 826 times over the analysis period while average turn-around-time per day for send-out testing increased from 3.7 days to 21 days. Decreased overall average TAT was observed at the core laboratory (0.45 days) verses send-out testing (7.63 days) (P < .001). Conclusions: Investment in a core laboratory provided the health system with the necessary expertise and resources to mount a robust response to the pandemic. Local access to testing allowed rapid triage of patients and conservation of scarce personal protective equipment. In addition, the core laboratory was able to support regional health departments and several hospitals outside of the system.}, }
@article {pmid32649082, year = {2020}, author = {Esperto, F and Prata, F and Civitella, A and Pang, KH and Marchioni, M and Tuzzolo, P and Scarpa, RM and Papalia, R}, title = {Implementation and strategies to ensure adequate coordination within a Urology Department during the COVID-19 pandemic.}, journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology}, volume = {46}, number = {suppl.1}, pages = {170-180}, doi = {10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S122}, pmid = {32649082}, issn = {1677-6119}, abstract = {PURPOSE: to provide an update on the management of a Urology Department during the COVID-19 outbreak, suggesting strategies to optimize assistance to the patients, to implement telemedicine and triage protocols, to define pathways for hospital access, to reduce risk of contagious inside the hospital and to determine the role of residents during the pandemic.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In May the 6th 2020 we performed a review of the literature through online search engines (PubMed, Web of Science and Science Direct). We looked at recommendations provided by the EAU and ERUS regarding the management of urological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. The main aspects of interest were: the definition of deferrable and non-deferrable procedures, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) and hospital protocols for health care providers, triage, hospitalization and surgery, post-operative care training and residents' activity. A narrative summary of guidelines and current literature for each point of interest was performed.
CONCLUSION: In the actual Covid-19 scenario, while the number of positive patients globally keep on rising, it is fundamental to embrace a new way to deliver healthcare and to overcome challenges of physical distancing and self-isolation. The use of appropriate PPE, definite pathways to access the hospital, the implementation of telemedicine protocols can represent effective strategies to carry on delivering healthcare.}, }
@article {pmid32649081, year = {2020}, author = {Autrán-Gómez, AM and Favorito, LA}, title = {The Social, Economic and Sanitary Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology}, volume = {46}, number = {suppl.1}, pages = {3-5}, doi = {10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S1ED2}, pmid = {32649081}, issn = {1677-6119}, }
@article {pmid32649080, year = {2020}, author = {Favorito, LA}, title = {SARS-COVID-19 transformed the world and urological practice.}, journal = {International braz j urol : official journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology}, volume = {46}, number = {suppl.1}, pages = {1-2}, doi = {10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2020.S1ED1}, pmid = {32649080}, issn = {1677-6119}, }
@article {pmid32649078, year = {2020}, author = {Beigel, JH and Tomashek, KM and Dodd, LE}, title = {Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report. Reply.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2022236}, pmid = {32649078}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649077, year = {2020}, author = {Olalla, J}, title = {Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2022236}, pmid = {32649077}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649076, year = {2020}, author = {McCaw, ZR and Kim, DH and Wei, LJ}, title = {Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2022236}, pmid = {32649076}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649075, year = {2020}, author = {McMahon, JH and Udy, A and Peleg, AY}, title = {Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2022236}, pmid = {32649075}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649074, year = {2020}, author = {Gillenwater, S and Rahaghi, F and Hadeh, A}, title = {Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 - Preliminary Report.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2022236}, pmid = {32649074}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649071, year = {2020}, author = {Haberman, RH and Adhikari, S and Scher, JU}, title = {More on Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Reply.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2018011}, pmid = {32649071}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649070, year = {2020}, author = {Briggs, FBS and Gianfrancesco, MA and George, MF}, title = {More on Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2018011}, pmid = {32649070}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649069, year = {2020}, author = {Peyrin-Biroulet, L and Danese, S}, title = {More on Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2018011}, pmid = {32649069}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649068, year = {2020}, author = {Naldi, L and Cazzaniga, S}, title = {More on Covid-19 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases.}, journal = {The New England journal of medicine}, volume = {383}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1056/NEJMc2018011}, pmid = {32649068}, issn = {1533-4406}, }
@article {pmid32649067, year = {2020}, author = {Yahya, AS and Khawaja, S}, title = {COVID-19 and Perinatal Psychiatry.}, journal = {The primary care companion for CNS disorders}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4088/PCC.20com02685}, pmid = {32649067}, issn = {2155-7780}, }
@article {pmid32649065, year = {2020}, author = {Rivas, VCMO and Hernández-Huerta, D and Silva, CPD and Gómez-Arnau, J}, title = {Reactive Psychosis in a Health Care Worker During the COVID-19 Pandemic.}, journal = {The primary care companion for CNS disorders}, volume = {22}, number = {4}, pages = {}, doi = {10.4088/PCC.20l02692}, pmid = {32649065}, issn = {2155-7780}, }
@article {pmid32649023, year = {2020}, author = {Aitken, RJ}, title = {COVID-19 and human spermatozoa - potential risks for infertility and sexual transmission.}, journal = {Andrology}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {}, doi = {10.1111/andr.12859}, pmid = {32649023}, issn = {2047-2927}, abstract = {The COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has created a global pandemic responsible for over 500,000 deaths and untold human and economic suffering. Attention has rightly focused on the respiratory system, because this is where a life-and-death battle is waged between the viral horde and the host's immune system. However, other tissues are also susceptible to viral attack including the kidney, heart and brain. The purpose of this communication is to highlight the evidence that the male reproductive system, particularly spermatozoa, constitute another vulnerable target, raising the possibility that COVID-19 might ultimately induce male infertility and/or facilitate the sexual transmission of this virus, depending on the level of infection.}, }
@article {pmid32649014, year = {2020}, author = {Dhamne, C and Vora, T and Prasad, M and Moulik, NR and Parambil, BC and Chichra, A and Chinnaswamy, G and Banavali, S and Narula, G}, title = {Comment on: The COVID-19 pandemic: A rapid global response for children with cancer from SIOP, COG, SIOP-E, SIOP-PODC, IPSO, PROS, CCI, and St Jude Global.}, journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e28462}, doi = {10.1002/pbc.28462}, pmid = {32649014}, issn = {1545-5017}, }
@article {pmid32648991, year = {2020}, author = {Al-Hebshi, A and Zolaly, M and Alshengeti, A and Al Qurainees, G and Yamani, S and Hamdan, N and Alwasaidi, T}, title = {A Saudi family with sickle cell disease presented with acute crises and COVID-19 infection.}, journal = {Pediatric blood & cancer}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {e28547}, doi = {10.1002/pbc.28547}, pmid = {32648991}, issn = {1545-5017}, }
@article {pmid32648989, year = {2020}, author = {Liu, X and Zhou, J and Chen, L and Yang, Y and Tan, J}, title = {Impact of COVID-19 epidemic on live online dental continuing education.}, journal = {European journ