@article {pmid41295485,
year = {2025},
author = {Peng, M and Wang, Z},
title = {Vaccine-Associated Autoimmunity: From Clinical Signals to Immune Pathways.},
journal = {Vaccines},
volume = {13},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/vaccines13111112},
pmid = {41295485},
issn = {2076-393X},
abstract = {COVID-19 vaccination has played a pivotal role in mitigating the global health crisis and reducing morbidity and mortality associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. While its public health benefits are unequivocal, the unprecedented scale of vaccination-reaching billions worldwide-has also enabled the detection of rare autoimmune events, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although such events occur in only a small subset of individuals, often influenced by genetic, environmental, or dosage-related factors, they underscore the importance of understanding immune tolerance mechanisms in vaccination. This review synthesizes clinical observations and immunological findings from the COVID-19 vaccination era, highlighting key mechanisms such as molecular mimicry, adjuvant-induced inflammation, bystander activation, epitope spreading, and polyclonal B cell activation. We also consider how novel vaccine platforms, particularly mRNA-based technologies, may influence immune regulation and self-tolerance. Importantly, we discuss the therapeutic management of vaccine-associated autoimmunity, including the use of corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), plasma exchange, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), and other immunosuppressive agents, many of which have led to favorable clinical outcomes. By integrating mechanistic insights with treatment strategies, this review emphasizes that the overall benefits of COVID-19 vaccination overwhelmingly outweigh the risks, while advocating for continued surveillance, mechanistic research, and risk stratification to inform safer and more targeted vaccination strategies in future pandemics.},
}

@article {pmid41294924,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Q and Nader, A and Peppercorn, A and Skingsley, A and Lloyd, E and Stella, AO and Walker, J and Garner, C},
title = {Clinical Pharmacology Approaches to Predict Efficacy of Monoclonal Antibodies Against Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants.},
journal = {Clinical and translational science},
volume = {18},
number = {12},
pages = {e70421},
doi = {10.1111/cts.70421},
pmid = {41294924},
issn = {1752-8062},
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology/genetics ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *COVID-19/virology/immunology ; *Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/immunology/pharmacology ; Pharmacology, Clinical/methods ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; },
abstract = {The onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic created an urgent need for therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) development, while the rapid mutation of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and emergence of new variants presented a moving target for validation of efficacy. Since it is virtually impossible to conduct randomized controlled trials in the context of a continually evolving variant landscape, other sources of data can inform ongoing effectiveness and appropriate dosing of existing treatments against new variants. This may include data from in vitro neutralization testing, real-world studies, and clinical pharmacology studies. There are various clinical pharmacology approaches available to aid in dose selection of COVID-19 mAbs, and the approach used for initial dose selection may differ from that used to justify dose modifications in light of new variants. At present, there is no universally accepted approach that has been shown to work in all circumstances, and most of the available methods lack validation against clinical data. Here, we provide an overview of the different pharmacological approaches available for mAb dose selection or dose adjustments, outlining advantages and limitations of each as well as assumptions, data requirements, and key learnings for each method based on experiences with COVID-19 mAb development over the last 4 years. Future mAb development programs for COVID-19 or other viral infections with pandemic potential should take into consideration lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic and devise clinical development programs that generate data to help address new emerging variants of concern in a rapidly evolving virus landscape.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects/immunology/genetics
*Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*COVID-19/virology/immunology
*Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage/therapeutic use/immunology/pharmacology
Pharmacology, Clinical/methods
Antibodies, Neutralizing

@article {pmid41294845,
year = {2025},
author = {Kutumova, E and Akberdin, I and Lavrik, I and Kolpakov, F},
title = {Mathematical Modeling of Cell Death and Survival: Toward an Integrated Computational Framework for Multi-Decision Regulatory Dynamics.},
journal = {Cells},
volume = {14},
number = {22},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/cells14221792},
pmid = {41294845},
issn = {2073-4409},
support = {24-14-20031//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/virology/pathology ; *Cell Death ; Signal Transduction ; Apoptosis ; Pyroptosis ; Cell Survival ; Necroptosis ; *Models, Theoretical ; *Models, Biological ; Animals ; Autophagy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Ferroptosis ; },
abstract = {Mathematical modeling is essential for understanding the complex regulatory pathways governing cell death and survival, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and immunogenic cell death (ICD)-a functional category comprising diverse morphological types capable of activating immune responses. The growing number of models describing individual signaling pathways poses the challenge of integrating them into a cohesive framework. This review aims to identify common components across existing ordinary differential equation models that could serve as key nodes to merge distinct signaling modalities. Proposed models highlight Bcl-2, Bax, Ca[2], and p53 as shared regulators linking autophagy and apoptosis. Necroptosis and apoptosis are interconnected via TNF signaling network and modulated by caspase-8, c-FLIP, and NFκB, with RIPK1 acting as a critical hub directing pathway choice. Pyroptosis and apoptosis are co-regulated by NFκB, tBid, and caspases, while ferroptosis is modeled exclusively as an independent process, separate from other forms of cell death. Furthermore, existing models indicate that ICD intersects with necroptosis during oncolytic virotherapy, with pyroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and with apoptosis in the context of chemotherapy. Although several models address crosstalk between pairs of cell fate decisions, creating comprehensive frameworks that encompass three or more death modes remains an open challenge.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/virology/pathology
*Cell Death
Signal Transduction
Apoptosis
Pyroptosis
Cell Survival
Necroptosis
*Models, Theoretical
*Models, Biological
Animals
Autophagy
SARS-CoV-2
Ferroptosis

@article {pmid41294766,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, A and Goel, S and Chaudhary, A and Dutt, S and Mishra, VK and Kumar, R},
title = {Artificial Intelligence-Based Wearable Sensing Technologies for the Management of Cancer, Diabetes, and COVID-19.},
journal = {Biosensors},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/bios15110756},
pmid = {41294766},
issn = {2079-6374},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy ; *Wearable Electronic Devices ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/therapy ; *Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Biosensing Techniques ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; },
abstract = {Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) with wearable sensor technologies can revolutionize the monitoring and management of various chronic diseases and acute conditions. AI-integrated wearables are categorized by their underlying sensing techniques, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, chemical, optical, and pressure/stain. AI algorithms enhance the efficacy of wearable sensors by offering personalized, continuous supervision and predictive analysis, assisting in time recognition, and optimizing therapeutic modalities. This manuscript explores the recent advances and developments in AI-powered wearable sensing technologies and their use in the management of chronic diseases, including COVID-19, Diabetes, and Cancer. AI-based wearables for heart rate and heart rate variability, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and temperature sensors are reviewed for their potential in managing COVID-19. For Diabetes management, AI-based wearables, including continuous glucose monitoring sensors, AI-driven insulin pumps, and closed-loop systems, are reviewed. The role of AI-based wearables in biomarker tracking and analysis, thermal imaging, and ultrasound device-based sensing for cancer management is reviewed. Ultimately, this report also highlights the current challenges and future directions for developing and deploying AI-integrated wearable sensors with accuracy, scalability, and integration into clinical practice for these critical health conditions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/therapy
*Wearable Electronic Devices
*Artificial Intelligence
*Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis/therapy
*Neoplasms/diagnosis/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
*Biosensing Techniques
Monitoring, Physiologic

@article {pmid41293155,
year = {2025},
author = {Cao, J and He, K and Chen, Z and Xu, H and Wei, J and Yan, X and Song, B},
title = {Interleukin-37 in respiratory diseases: molecular mechanisms and immune modulation.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1675791},
pmid = {41293155},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Immunomodulation ; COVID-19/immunology ; },
abstract = {Interleukin-37 (IL-37) is a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial protective role in cancer, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases though its unique dual intracellular and extracellular action pathways. This review highlights the significance of IL-37 in common respiratory diseases. Specifically, IL-37 can alleviate asthma by inhibiting Th2/Th17 immune responses, inhibiting the release of epithelial-derived alarmins (TSLP and IL-33), and attenuating airway remodeling. In pulmonary infections, IL-37 modulates host responses by mitigating virus-induced hyperinflammation and inhibiting viral replication, as observed in COVID-19 and influenza, while also regulating immunopathology in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and fungal infections. Moreover, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), IL-37 directly suppresses tumor proliferation and migration, and restrains tumor progression through immunomodulation and angiogenesis regulation. In pulmonary fibrosis, IL-37 reduces collagen deposition and promotes autophagy, thereby counteracting interstitial fibrosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that IL-37 serves as a crucial immunomodulator in respiratory diseases, and targeting IL-37 offers novel insights and strategic opportunities for clinical intervention. This review systematically summarizes the molecular mechanisms of IL-37 and discusses its clinical therapeutic potential.},
}

Humans
*Interleukin-1/immunology/metabolism
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Immunomodulation
COVID-19/immunology

@article {pmid41292679,
year = {2025},
author = {Ellis Sandoval, N and Peña Martinez, MI and Fernandez Cea, AB and Hernandez Rincon, EH},
title = {Effects on Prolonged Screen Time on Postural Health and Visual Health in Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Orthopedic research and reviews},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {553-562},
pmid = {41292679},
issn = {1179-1462},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To explore the long-term impact of prolonged screen exposure on postural and visual health in children and adolescents.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: A scoping review was conducted in December 2024 using PubMed, Scopus, and BIREME, focusing on articles from 2019 to 2024 in English and Spanish. The studies were categorized into visual and postural health domains and synthesized through graphs and tables. A total of 27 articles were analyzed. The snowball method was used to complement the literature search.

RESULTS: The studies revealed a 55.3% increase in the use of portable electronic devices following the COVID-19 pandemic. Reported consequences included eye strain, computer vision syndrome, and musculoskeletal pain, especially in the cervical and lumbar regions. These effects were more prevalent in urban populations in Asia.

CONCLUSION: Prolonged screen time significantly affects children's visual and postural health. These findings highlight the need for public health policies to guide and regulate screen use in young populations and to educate parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.},
}

@article {pmid41292053,
year = {2025},
author = {Recker, F and Neubauer, R and Adams, J and Ludwig, S and Taran, FA and Groten, T},
title = {Medical education in obstetrics and gynecology: A global update from 2025.},
journal = {Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/aogs.70105},
pmid = {41292053},
issn = {1600-0412},
abstract = {As medical knowledge and technologies rapidly evolve, curricula have become increasingly dense, and designing effective OB-GYN education that prepares learners for diverse medical careers within limited timeframes is a global challenge. This review provides an international overview of contemporary medical education in obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) across undergraduate, postgraduate, and continuing professional development levels. A narrative review of recent peer-reviewed literature, international guidelines, and global initiatives (2023-2025) was conducted, identifying key innovations, trends, and challenges in OB-GYN education worldwide, with a focus on curriculum reforms, competency-based education, simulation, telemedicine, AI applications, global standardization, and equity-oriented initiatives. Undergraduate OB-GYN curricula are increasingly standardized, integrating core competencies, early clinical exposure, and reproductive health. Postgraduate training adopts competency-based frameworks, enhanced by simulation, virtual reality, and tele-education, while continuing medical education has shifted toward flexible digital platforms and structured credentialing. Innovations, such as AI-driven learning tools, simulation drills, and telemedicine-based training, have improved skill acquisition, and global bodies, such as FIGO, RCOG, and ACOG, promote curriculum harmonization and equity. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digital adoption but revealed gaps in surgical training and support. Overall, OB-GYN education is in a transformative phase, marked by technology, standardization, and equity, yet significant disparities persist, especially in resource-limited settings. Continued global collaboration, investment in educational infrastructure, and adaptive curriculum development are essential to prepare OB-GYN professionals for evolving clinical demands and healthcare inequities in the postpandemic era.},
}

@article {pmid41291773,
year = {2025},
author = {Howes, E and Smith, SG and Gillies, K and Zhang, L and Farrin, AJ},
title = {'Lessons learned' from trialists who adapted a complex intervention for remote delivery within a trial as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.},
journal = {Trials},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {548},
pmid = {41291773},
issn = {1745-6215},
support = {MR/W006049/1/MRC_/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods ; Telemedicine ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, complex interventions being evaluated in randomised controlled trials were often rapidly adapted from in-person to remote delivery. Such adaptations to intervention delivery have the potential to cause unintended consequences and affect important aspects of trial generalisability and interpretation. This scoping review aimed to identify the 'lessons learned' from trialists who adapted and remotely delivered a complex intervention within a trial because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Gaining a better understanding of trialists' experiences of adapting interventions for remote delivery will identify where more in-depth investigation and guidance is needed.

METHODS: The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) scoping review guidelines were followed. The search was developed for MEDLINE and adapted for Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane. Data were extracted on study characteristics, methods reported to adapt interventions, and the challenges and facilitators of the process of adaptation and remote intervention delivery. Data on remote intervention delivery were organised using the upper level of the Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology.

RESULTS: Fifteen articles were eligible for inclusion describing insights from 16 randomised controlled trials, across a range of populations and trial designs. Most discussion focused on challenges and facilitators of the remote delivery of the complex intervention. These included privacy and safety concerns of intervention delivery within the home setting, and technological issues of remote delivery via video call. The most frequently reported facilitator was the use of an environmental inventory before intervention delivery to check the space in which participants were located, and the materials available to them.

CONCLUSION: Suitability of an intervention for remote delivery depends not only on whether it is originally delivered via a digital technology, but also the extent to which it requires human facilitation and support. Privacy and safety concerns in the home environment could impact trial participation in a remotely delivered intervention. Further research is needed to explore how trialists can effectively prepare for and manage the challenges of remote intervention delivery. Guidance developed to support adaptation of an intervention for remote delivery within a trial should be specific to the mode of delivery used.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic/methods
Telemedicine
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid41291364,
year = {2025},
author = {Roedl, K and Warnke, K and Hardel, T and Haar, M and Jarczak, D and Karakas, M and Kluge, S and , },
title = {[Awake prone position in critically ill patients-a practice recommendation].},
journal = {Medizinische Klinik, Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41291364},
issn = {2193-6226},
abstract = {In cases of severe pneumonia, prone positioning therapy has been shown to have a positive effect in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. In addition, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a positive effect was demonstrated in patients who did not yet require mechanical ventilation (endotracheal intubation) and who received prone positioning therapy before these measures were taken (awake prone positoning). Currently, the influence of awake prone positioning therapy in patients without COVID-19 has not been sufficiently investigated. This recommendation aims to explain the indications, side effects, contraindications, and implementation of awake prone positioning in conscious critically ill patients.},
}

@article {pmid41289884,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, C and Yang, Q and Shen, Y and Xu, M},
title = {Multidimensional review of viral infectious ocular diseases: Post-Pandemic epidemiology and future directions for control.},
journal = {Molecular aspects of medicine},
volume = {106},
number = {},
pages = {101428},
doi = {10.1016/j.mam.2025.101428},
pmid = {41289884},
issn = {1872-9452},
abstract = {Viral Infectious Ocular Diseases (VIODs) remain a major global cause of vision loss, ranging from highly transmissible conjunctivitis to blinding keratitis and complex neuro-ophthalmic syndromes. Furthermore, the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and subsequent reported ocular diseases have fundamentally changed the landscape of VIOD epidemiology and management. Epidemiological data indicate heterogeneous effects on common infections such as Adenoviral conjunctivitis due to varying compliance with hygiene measures. Concurrently, systemic immunological events, notably those induced by COVID-19 infection or certain vaccinations, have been linked to the reactivation of latent Alphaherpesviruses, including Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) and Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV). The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) offers a significantly improved diagnostic yield (up to 92.7 % in some cohorts) for complex infectious keratitis compared to conventional methods, providing an unbiased tool crucial for timely, targeted treatment. Therapeutic challenges are defined by the persistent threat of antiviral resistance, primarily driven by mutations in the viral Thymidine Kinase (TK) gene. To overcome poor ocular bioavailability, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS), such as Acyclovir-loaded Niosomes and Cubosomes, show promise by enabling sustained drug release and enhanced corneal permeation. Effective future VIOD control requires a multi-pronged strategy integrating robust global surveillance, rapid deployment of advanced molecular diagnostics, and the clinical implementation of resistance-beating therapies delivered via optimized nanocarrier platforms. This review provides the current understanding of VIODs, focusing on the epidemiological shifts observed post-2020, advancements in molecular diagnostics, challenges posed by antiviral resistance, and the emergence of next-generation therapeutic strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41288892,
year = {2025},
author = {Okoli, GN and Askin, N and Rabbani, R},
title = {Treatment of Non-severe COVID-19 with Molnupiravir: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of the Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Clinical drug investigation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41288892},
issn = {1179-1918},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The evidence on molnupiravir for the treatment of adults with nonsevere coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains underexplored. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA) of clinically relevant outcomes from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of molnupiravir for treatment of nonsevere COVID-19 in adults.

METHODS: We searched for publications of RCTs of molnupiravir for nonsevere COVID-19 in appropriate bibliographic databases up to 1 February 2025. We pooled appropriate data utilizing an inverse variance, random-effects model, with results expressed as relative risk (RR) with associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and statistical heterogeneity between pooled estimates calculated using the I[2] statistic. We appropriately conducted risk of bias assessment for the included RCTs and graded the quality of pooled evidence for each outcome using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

RESULTS: Out of 680 screened literature citations, nine RCTs involving a total of 30,971 patients met the eligibility criteria for inclusion in this review. The majority (78%) of these RCTs were of a low risk of bias. We determined that there was more viral clearance with molnupiravir treatment compared with placebo or no treatment (RR 1.08 [95% CI 1.01-1.16], I[2] 40.8%, five RCTs, 1785 patients, moderate quality evidence) and that treatment with molnupiravir did not reduce the risk of hospitalization (RR 0.73 [95% CI 0.47-1.14], I[2] 58.3%, five RCTs, 28,626 patients; high quality evidence), and all-cause mortality (RR 0.51 [95% CI 0.15-1.69], I[2] 36.8%, four RCTs, 27,445 patients; high quality evidence). We also determined that molnupiravir did not increase adverse or serious adverse reactions. However, TSA suggested more RCTs should be conducted before any conclusions can be reached for viral clearance, all-cause mortality, and adverse reactions, but that further RCTs on the risk of hospitalization and serious adverse reactions may not be needed.

DISCUSSION: Notwithstanding a paucity of RCTs, our findings suggest that molnupiravir may only be efficacious for clearance of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; the virus responsible for COVID-19) in adults with nonsevere COVID-19 although the evidence is not sufficient for conclusions to be drawn. More high quality RCTs are needed for a stronger evidence base.},
}

@article {pmid41288547,
year = {2025},
author = {Medina-Inojosa, JR and Chacin Suarez, AS and Murtala, AB and Hicks, JB and Harris, K and Bennett, J and Sperling, LS},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic: Wake-up Call and Accelerator for Cardiac Rehabilitation.},
journal = {The Canadian journal of cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cjca.2025.10.002},
pmid = {41288547},
issn = {1916-7075},
abstract = {Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a cornerstone of secondary prevention in cardiovascular care, improving survival, reducing rehospitalization, and enhancing quality of life. Despite robust evidence and strong guideline support, CR remains markedly underutilized in Canada and globally, with significant disparities by sex, race, geography, and socioeconomic status. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted more than three-quarters of CR programs worldwide, exposing deep-rooted limitations in access, infrastructure, and delivery models. At the same time, the pandemic served as a catalyst for innovation. Rapid implementation of virtual, home-based, and hybrid models demonstrated that CR could be delivered flexibly and effectively beyond traditional settings. This review synthesizes emerging evidence and policy responses, highlighting opportunities to modernize CR delivery while embedding equity, patient-centeredness, and digital innovation into routine care. We conclude that the future of CR must be inclusive, technology-enabled, and integrated into the broader continuum of preventive care. The lessons of the pandemic offer a roadmap-and a renewed imperative-to close longstanding gaps and reimagine cardiac rehabilitation for all who need it.},
}

@article {pmid41288364,
year = {2025},
author = {Casadevall, A and Mattoon, ER and Sullivan, D and Joyner, MJ and Franchini, M and Focosi, D},
title = {Convalescent plasma for COVID-19: planning for the next pandemic using the worldwide experience.},
journal = {Clinical microbiology reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0006024},
doi = {10.1128/cmr.00060-24},
pmid = {41288364},
issn = {1098-6618},
abstract = {SUMMARYCOVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) was the first specific therapy deployed for treating SARS-CoV-2 infection. CCP was successfully deployed in both resource-poor and resource-rich countries, establishing that convalescent plasma (CP) is a feasible option for combating the next pandemic. CCP reduced mortality and progression to hospitalization when used early in the disease with high-titer units. This knowledge was gained from a worldwide effort that included more than 50 countries. However, the deployment of CCP was haphazard and varied among countries. Clinical studies suffered from a lack of standardization regarding study design, CCP antibody dosing, timing of administration, and participant disease severity. Unfortunately, the hard-won knowledge from the serum therapy era in the early 20th century, which indicated that effective antibody therapy requires early use in the disease with a sufficient antibody dose, was largely forgotten. Many studies tested CCP late in the disease or without sufficient antibody titer and thus reported negative findings. Trial heterogeneity made it difficult to combine the results of studies. However, despite tremendous heterogeneity in study design and participant populations, meta-analysis revealed strong signals of efficacy when given early with high antiviral-specific antibody levels. When the next pandemic occurs, humanity is likely to resort to CP again. To avoid another chaotic rollout, planning for CP use should begin well before that emergency arrives and must involve both physician education on the principles of antibody therapy and clinical trial designs that test its efficacy in optimal conditions, which include early use with sufficient antibody doses.},
}

@article {pmid41287814,
year = {2025},
author = {Sirjohn, N and Sharma, G and Chand, D and Choi, KY and Thakur, P and Thakur, V and Thakur, MS and Kulshreshtha, S and Patel, SKS and Kumar, P},
title = {Harnessing microbial factories for withaferin-a: the future of plant-based oncotherapeutics.},
journal = {3 Biotech},
volume = {15},
number = {12},
pages = {446},
pmid = {41287814},
issn = {2190-572X},
abstract = {Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), a member of the Solanaceae family, produces bioactive metabolites known as withanolides, predominantly synthesized in its leaves and roots. Among these, Withaferin-A is a major pharmacologically active compound with demonstrated efficacy across diverse preclinical models. It exhibits anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-viral (including COVID-19), and neuroprotective activities through modulation of oncoproteins and cell signalling pathways. Notably, its specificity toward tumour-associated antigens and immune regulators positions Withaferin-A as a potential alternative to conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which often present severe side effects and resistance issues. This review critically explores the biosynthetic routes of Withaferin-A, encompassing chemical synthesis, natural extraction, and microbial production, while also emphasizing strategies for yield optimization through biotechnological interventions. Furthermore, we discuss the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic challenges of Withaferin-A, highlighting formulation and delivery strategies aimed at enhancing its clinical applicability. Overall, the review outlines its translational potential and provides a roadmap for future therapeutic and clinical integration.},
}

@article {pmid41287121,
year = {2025},
author = {Maher, LC and Ryan, PM and Caplice, NM},
title = {Adipose Tissue in SARS-CoV-2 Viral Tropism, Viral Replication, and the Concept of a Viral Reservoir: An Update.},
journal = {Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/oby.70093},
pmid = {41287121},
issn = {1930-739X},
abstract = {Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, obesity has been consistently associated with worse clinical outcomes. In 2020, we hypothesized that adipose tissue (AT) might serve as a viral reservoir and amplifier of immune responses in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Five years on, accumulating evidence supports this hypothesis. Recent autopsy and in vitro studies support that SARS-CoV-2 disseminates to and may replicate within human adipocytes. While several studies have detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA and proteins in AT, the recovery of infectious virus from this tissue has not yet been demonstrated. This remains a critical gap in our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 viral tropism and replication within adipocytes. Viral entry is mediated via angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 and neuropilin-1 receptors. Infected AT exhibits immune cell infiltration and cytokine activation, implicating it in systemic inflammation. Persistent viral RNA in AT correlates with prolonged metabolic dysfunction. These findings highlight the dual role of AT as a potential viral reservoir and immunometabolic organ. Understanding these mechanisms is critical to mitigating the long-term impact of COVID-19 and guiding responses to future pandemics involving metabolically active tissues.},
}

@article {pmid41286802,
year = {2025},
author = {Felgner, S and Handrock, JF and Schroll, CC and Schütte, F and Henschke, C},
title = {Decision-making regarding dental treatments - What factors matter from patients' perspective? A systematic review.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12903-025-07032-9},
pmid = {41286802},
issn = {1472-6831},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Achieving oral health for the population should be a concern of public health care systems, as it may affect their expenditures in the long term. Patients often face individual challenges in dental care. Why patients decide for or against dental treatments can be determined by many factors, e.g., their own financial resources, preferences, and external circumstances. This cross-country study aims to identify those factors.

METHODS: We systematically searched for literature in the biomedical databases PubMed (including MEDLINE), the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to identify factors influencing dental treatment decisions across different countries. Factors of choice were extracted from relevant articles to develop a codebook for subsequent qualitative analysis using an inductive thematic analysis approach. Study quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). This systematic review followed the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and the Synthesis Without Meta-analysis (SWiM) statements.

RESULTS: After multistage screening of N = 4,226 publications by two reviewers, N = 233 relevant articles of different study designs (qualitative (N = 42), quantitative (N = 177), and mixed-methods (N = 14)) were included in the analysis. Data collection was realized across different settings (e.g., dental practices (N = 18)) and approaches (e.g., interviews) in 49 countries. Included articles focused on specific treatments (e.g., caries treatment) or treatments in general (e.g., dental tourism). Across the countries, various factors of choice (n = 101) were identified, divided into three categories: (I) "Dentist & dental institution" (e.g., communication), (II) "Patient" (e.g., dental fear), and (III) "Treatment" (e.g., durability). The factors 'out-of-pocket payment' and 'dental fear' were identified in most of the articles (N = 136, N = 64) and were mentioned most frequently (code frequencies: n = 151, n = 73). In countries with the most articles (e.g., the UK (N = 28), Saudi Arabia (N = 23), the USA (N = 22), India (N = 19), and Brazil (N = 14)), also 'out-of-pocket payment' was identified most often (e.g., the UK: in 56% of the articles; India: 68%). Frequency of the factor 'dental fear' varied by country. One publication addressed the COVID-19 pandemic. It reported that treatment appointments were postponed and canceled by patients due to their fear of infection with SARS-CoV-2. The quality of the included studies varied considerably.

CONCLUSIONS: A range of factors influence patients' choice regarding dental treatments. Understanding patients' motivation for seeking dental care can guide the development of interventions (e.g., awareness campaigns and health literacy efforts) that support proactive dental care. To improve oral health outcomes and reduce access barriers, tailored regulatory and informational strategies are essential.},
}

@article {pmid41260636,
year = {2025},
author = {Adashi, EY and O'Mahony, DP and Cohen, IG},
title = {National Drug Shortages: Remedial Executive and Legislative Initiatives.},
journal = {Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {757-760},
doi = {10.3122/jabfm.2024.240327R2},
pmid = {41260636},
issn = {1558-7118},
mesh = {*Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence ; *Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution ; United States ; },
abstract = {Medication shortages constitute an ongoing threat to patient care across the United States and affect nearly every aspect of health care. National drug shortages have been a recurring challenge of the US health care system but were markedly aggravated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Federal executive and legislative efforts to bolster the resiliency of the pharmaceutical supply chain have thus far fallen short. This Commentary reviews the leading executive and legislative initiatives proposed during the 118[th] Congress and the Biden administration to protect the national drug supply in the hope of avoiding future shortages. It will be up to the new (119th) Congress and presidential administration to take up this issue again and pursue remediation of the nation's drug shortage problem. The health of the nation demands action by policy makers to mitigate drug shortages that give rise to discontinuity of care and thereby to a compromise of the national state of health.},
}

*Health Policy/legislation & jurisprudence
*Pharmaceutical Preparations/supply & distribution
United States

@article {pmid40864193,
year = {2025},
author = {Djassemi, N and Hanisch, B and Motta, C and Maghzian, N and Vatsayan, A and Durkee-Shock, JR and Keller, MD},
title = {Harnessing virus-specific T cells: expanding therapeutic strategies across diverse populations.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {9},
number = {23},
pages = {5965-5975},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2024013727},
pmid = {40864193},
issn = {2473-9537},
mesh = {Humans ; *T-Lymphocytes/immunology/transplantation ; *Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; COVID-19/therapy/immunology ; Immunocompromised Host ; *Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods/adverse effects ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; *Adoptive Transfer/methods ; },
abstract = {Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) has been used for managing viral diseases in immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and solid organ transplantation. Clinical trials targeting viruses such as cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, adenovirus, and BK virus have demonstrated effective viral control without the toxicities associated with conventional antiviral therapies. This review explores the manufacturing, feasibility, safety, and efficacy of VSTs, complemented by 2 case studies illustrating their real-world application. We examine recent advancements in VST manufacturing that broaden their accessibility and applicability to a wider range of viral infections and immunocompromised populations. Key safety considerations, including cytokine release syndrome and graft-versus-host disease, are discussed. Lastly, we assess the expanding applications of VSTs against emerging viral targets, such as COVID-19, and address current barriers to their implementation beyond the research setting.},
}

Humans
*T-Lymphocytes/immunology/transplantation
*Virus Diseases/therapy/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
COVID-19/therapy/immunology
Immunocompromised Host
*Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods/adverse effects
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
*Adoptive Transfer/methods

@article {pmid40257046,
year = {2025},
author = {Scrivani, K and Fu, JS},
title = {A Systematic Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Communication Research: Implications for Resilience Communication and Organizing.},
journal = {Health communication},
volume = {40},
number = {14},
pages = {3021-3047},
doi = {10.1080/10410236.2025.2490315},
pmid = {40257046},
issn = {1532-7027},
mesh = {Humans ; *Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology/prevention & control ; *Resilience, Psychological ; COVID-19/psychology ; *Communication ; Social Support ; Social Stigma ; Social Networking ; Social Identification ; },
abstract = {Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the psychological response to experiencing and/or witnessing a traumatic event. With over 100 million of the global adult population afflicted with this disorder, more systematic research on PTSD is essential, and the COVID-19 pandemic increased that need. Extant research suggests communication lies at the center of PTSD prevention, symptom mitigation, and recovery, yet communication researchers have largely failed to address the disorder. To advance theory and empirical research, this paper presents a systematic review of PTSD studies in communication literature. Content and computational analyses of 84 relevant articles from three databases show that PTSD research primarily focuses on the military, journalists, and survivors of terrorist attacks. In addition, those with PTSD rely on social networks and support to combat social stigma and self-isolation. Based on these findings, we present four fruitful areas for future research on PTSD across diverse subfields: (1) social networks, (2) diverse populations, (3) social identity, and (4) resilience.},
}

Humans
*Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/psychology/prevention & control
*Resilience, Psychological
COVID-19/psychology
*Communication
Social Support
Social Stigma
Social Networking
Social Identification

@article {pmid40155317,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, H and Bowblis, JR and Li, S and Heston-Mullins, J and Kuo, YF and Goodwin, JS},
title = {Changes in Federal and State Policies on Visitation Restrictions in Nursing Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {2027-2034},
pmid = {40155317},
issn = {1552-4523},
support = {P30 AG024832/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG081282/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AG087296/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; Humans ; *Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration ; *Visitors to Patients/legislation & jurisprudence ; United States/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; State Government ; *Homes for the Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Aged ; *Health Policy ; Organizational Policy ; },
abstract = {Visitation restrictions in nursing homes were a major policy intervention in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study conducted a systematic review of the changes in federal and state visitation policies. After the federal recommendations restricting all visitors and non-essential healthcare personnel, 31 states implemented state-wide indoor visitation bans in March and April of 2020. Federal guidance changed in September 2020 and again after the introduction of COVID-19 vaccines in early 2021. State visitation bans were lifted from 6/15/2020 to 11/2/2020, lasting an average of 163 days. When lifting bans, most states required that nursing homes have no resident COVID-19 cases and implement mitigation measures during the visit. Resident COVID-19 infection rates decreased by an average of 7.2 cases per 10,000 residents per week in the six weeks before state bans were lifted (p = .003). Large variations in state bans call for more consistent policy implementation in a future pandemic.},
}

*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
Humans
*Nursing Homes/legislation & jurisprudence/organization & administration
*Visitors to Patients/legislation & jurisprudence
United States/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
State Government
*Homes for the Aged
Pandemics/prevention & control
Aged
*Health Policy
Organizational Policy

@article {pmid41287229,
year = {2021},
author = {Liu, Y and Shukla, D and Newman, H and Zhu, Y},
title = {Soft wearable sensors for monitoring symptoms of COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases: a review.},
journal = {Progress in biomedical engineering (Bristol, England)},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1088/2516-1091/ac2eae},
pmid = {41287229},
issn = {2516-1091},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has put extraordinary stress on medical systems and global society more broadly. The condition of infected patients may deteriorate rapidly due to overburdened hospital systems. This raises an urgent need for real-time and remote monitoring of physiological parameters to address the challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. This review will present recent progress on soft wearable sensors that can potentially be used for monitoring respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. First, emerging monitoring devices and systems that can monitor key physiological parameters as suggested by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (e.g. body temperature, respiration rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and body movement) are reviewed. Then, multimodal sensor systems consisting of two or more correlative sensors are presented. This review will conclude with challenges and future directions for wearable sensors for the diagnosis and therapy of respiratory diseases. While this review focuses on COVID-19, the sensing technologies reviewed can be applicable to other respiratory diseases such as H1N1 influenza.},
}

@article {pmid41286694,
year = {2025},
author = {Leite, A and Kislaya, I and Machado, A and Aguiar, P and Nunes, B and Dias, CM},
title = {Use of quasi-experimental studies to evaluate causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC medical research methodology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {263},
pmid = {41286694},
issn = {1471-2288},
mesh = {Humans ; Portugal/epidemiology ; *Public Health/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; *Research Design ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Interrupted Time Series Analysis ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Quasi-experimental designs are a valid option to assess causal effects of public health interventions when randomized studies are unfeasible, but not widely used in Portugal. We identified and reviewed characteristics of studies employing quasi-experimental designs to evaluate causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal.

METHODS: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and CINHAL were searched, alongside grey literature, reference mining and contact of authors of eligible studies. We extracted information on the intervention assessed, study design, outcomes assessed, statistical analysis and reporting guidelines.

RESULTS: We identified 1143 studies; 25 were eligible. Studies assessed interventions in various areas, mainly healthcare services (28.0%), drugs/tobacco consumption policy (20.0%), and COVID-19 related restrictions (20.0%). Studies employed interrupted time series (56.0%) and difference-in-differences designs (44.0%). Analyses utilised regression-based models, namely linear (48.0%), negative binominal (20.0%) and logistic (12.0%). Studies analysed 53 outcomes, with two outcomes per study on average. No reporting guidelines were mentioned.

CONCLUSIONS: There is a limited number of studies using quasi-experimental designs to estimate the causal effects of public health interventions in Portugal, mainly interrupted time series and difference-in-differences. Training in this area might promote the adequate use and dissemination of quasi-experimental studies.},
}

Humans
Portugal/epidemiology
*Public Health/methods/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
*Research Design
SARS-CoV-2
Interrupted Time Series Analysis

@article {pmid41285857,
year = {2025},
author = {Green, R and Marjenberg, Z and Lip, GYH and Banerjee, A and Wisnivesky, J and Delaney, BC and Peluso, MJ and Wynberg, E and Abduljawad, S},
title = {A systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of vaccination on prevention of long COVID.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {10326},
pmid = {41285857},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology ; Immunization, Secondary ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Vaccination ; Odds Ratio ; },
abstract = {Long COVID affects millions worldwide and its prevention is a critical public health strategy. While prior analyses show primary vaccination prevents long COVID in subsequent infections, the effect of booster vaccination on long COVID after Omicron infections is unclear. This systematic review identifies 31 observational studies, of which 11 are suitable for pairwise meta-analyses. The pooled odds ratio (OR) of long COVID in those vaccinated (any dose) versus unvaccinated is 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70-0.85; p < 0.0001; 10 studies). ORs were also lower for primary course vaccination versus unvaccinated (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.79-0.83; p < 0.0001; 3 studies), booster vaccination versus unvaccinated (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.63-0.86; p = 0.0001; 4 studies), and booster vaccination versus primary course vaccination (OR 77; 95% CI 0.65-0.92; p = 0.0044; 3 studies). These findings indicate that booster vaccination can provide additional protection against long COVID, highlighting the importance of seasonal vaccination against new SARS-CoV-2 variants. They should, however, be interpreted cautiously, given the small number of studies and the low quality of evidence.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology/virology/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/immunology
Immunization, Secondary
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Vaccination
Odds Ratio

@article {pmid41285208,
year = {2025},
author = {Lou, J and Wu, Z and Cheng, Y and Li, M and Liu, N and Wang, Z and Gao, X and Zheng, A and Zhang, H},
title = {Recent advances in freeze-drying technologies for mRNA vaccines against infectious diseases.},
journal = {International journal of pharmaceutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {126426},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.126426},
pmid = {41285208},
issn = {1873-3476},
abstract = {Currently, the storage and transportation of mRNA vaccines typically rely on ultra-low temperature conditions. To improve their stability and extend shelf life, recent studies have been devoted to converting liquid formulations into solid forms using drying technology. Among them, freeze-drying (lyophilization) is an effective strategy that freezes samples and removes moisture through primary (sublimation) and secondary (desorption) drying stages, maximally preserving the structural integrity and biological activity of mRNA vaccines. The significant reduction in moisture content effectively inhibits the rate of hydrolysis of mRNA, which is considered the primary factor contributing to the instability of mRNA vaccines. However, the freeze-drying process itself and its accompanying stresses pose key challenges, involving many critical variables closely related to formulation composition, process parameters, and manufacturing environment. This paper systematically reviews the application of different freeze-drying technologies in mRNA vaccines and the optimization strategy of lyophilized mRNA vaccines, aiming to provide theoretical foundation and guidance for optimizing freeze-drying processes, enhancing vaccine stability and expanding their application scope.},
}

@article {pmid41284960,
year = {2025},
author = {Matthews, R and Ellul, MA and McKeever, S and Pollack, T and Houlihan, C and Thakur, KT and Hsiang-Yi Chou, S and Frontera, JA and Saylor, DR and Chomba, M and Moro, E and Ray, STJ and Semple, MG and Smith, CJ and Turner, MR and Bullmore, E and Carson, A and Buchan, I and Breen, G and Solomon, T and Nicholson, TR and Pett, S and Thomas, RH and Michael, BD},
title = {Global & Community Health: What Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Teach Us About Neurologic Surveillance Approaches, and How Should We Be Better Prepared?.},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {105},
number = {12},
pages = {e214431},
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000214431},
pmid = {41284960},
issn = {1526-632X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Global Health ; *Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Pandemics ; *Population Surveillance/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {It is well recognized that many pandemic viruses are associated with neurologic complications, most recently with COVID-19. After the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, neurologic surveillance platforms were implemented to characterize the complications of COVID-19. Surveillance platforms are invaluable in providing timely data, informing clinical practice, and directing future research. Lessons learned from recent neurologic surveillance networks include the importance of global and cross-specialty collaboration. It is critical for future surveillance systems to consider these aspects, as it will also serve to improve representation of low and middle-income countries (LMICs) and communities. Trainees played a critical role in the success of neurologic surveillance networks; as frontline health care workers, they were able to provide timely data collection, and their fresh insights are important for future pandemic surveillance system development. In this article, we review the methods of recent neurologic surveillance networks and discuss their strengths and limitations. We explore the outlook for pandemic surveillance platforms and the crucial role global collaboration plays in ensuring that LMICs are represented. We review the role of trainees in pandemic surveillance networks and discuss how it is vital to encourage their continued involvement to ensure that, as future health care leaders, they are prepared to manage future pandemics effectively.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Global Health
*Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis
Pandemics
*Population Surveillance/methods
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41284385,
year = {2025},
author = {Pineda, RC and Martin, P and Khor, K and Regino, JM and Smith, L and Ramirez, RF and Sy, MP},
title = {Interprofessional collaboration competency development in healthcare students during clinical placements in the time of COVID-19: a mixed methods systematic review.},
journal = {Journal of interprofessional care},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/13561820.2025.2576239},
pmid = {41284385},
issn = {1469-9567},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented challenges to the clinical education of healthcare students. Although alternative clinical placements were developed and introduced, it is unclear whether students successfully acquired interprofessional competencies required to be collaborative practice-ready healthcare workers. We examined interprofessional collaboration competency acquisition from adapted and alternative clinical placements that were made available to pre-qualification healthcare students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Information searches from online databases and supplementary sources identified 20 articles that met criteria. Student perceptions indicate that these alternative placements supported the learning of interprofessional collaboration competencies. Outcomes mapped against the updated Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative Competency Framework indicate that the most frequently reported interprofessional collaboration competency was team communication and the least reported were collaborative leadership and team differences/disagreements processing. Although gains in interprofessional collaboration competencies were reported across the studies, their methodological shortcomings make it difficult to determine whether alternative placements (e.g. online and telephone-based) were better or comparable to traditional placements (i.e. with face-to-face interactions), for interprofessional collaboration competency development. These findings suggest the need for further research assessing the effectiveness and sustainability of alternative placement models. A greater understanding of clinical placement alternatives could inform educational practices in future pandemics or other unprecedented events.},
}

@article {pmid41284231,
year = {2025},
author = {Patra, S and Rajadurai, R and Fayyaz, S and Hagan, G},
title = {Silent Threats: Understanding the Impact of Respiratory Viruses on the Ageing Population.},
journal = {British journal of hospital medicine (London, England : 2005)},
volume = {86},
number = {11},
pages = {1-31},
doi = {10.12968/hmed.2024.0918},
pmid = {41284231},
issn = {1750-8460},
mesh = {Humans ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Aging ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis ; },
abstract = {Respiratory viruses are an important cause of acute respiratory illnesses in older adults. The spectrum of illness may range from pneumonia to an exacerbation of underlying respiratory disease or acute bronchitis. Respiratory viruses can account for a significant proportion of chest infections. However, respiratory viruses, either acting as primary pathogens or in conjunction with bacterial infections, are often underdiagnosed due to less frequent viral testing compared to bacterial infections. Hitherto neglected, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought into sharp focus and generated interest in respiratory viruses and their burden in all age groups. This article addresses this interest and summarises the most prevalent and emerging respiratory viruses affecting the elderly. There is a general overview as well as specific information on how to approach, identify, and treat these viruses. We will also discuss the latest guidance on vaccination, as well as adjunctive tests like procalcitonin and point-of-care testing and the niche that these occupy in the diagnosis and management of chest infections.},
}

Humans
*Respiratory Tract Infections/virology/diagnosis/epidemiology/therapy
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Aged
SARS-CoV-2
*Aging
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/diagnosis

@article {pmid41284008,
year = {2025},
author = {Pinar Kuzucu, E and Ates, MB and Agbas, A and Yilmaz, EK and Saygili, S and Ozluk, Y and Canpolat, N},
title = {Viral tubulointerstitial nephritis in children: A narrative review with a focus on adenovirus.},
journal = {Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41284008},
issn = {1432-198X},
abstract = {Viral infections are well-known causes of systemic illness in children, but their kidney involvement, particularly acute tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN), remain underdiagnosed and clinically underestimated. A wide range of viruses has been implicated in pediatric TIN, including Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, BK virus, parvovirus B19, respiratory syncytial virus, and SARS-CoV-2. Among these, adenovirus stands out for its potential to cause severe kidney injury. Delayed diagnosis remains a challenge due to nonspecific symptoms and limited use of kidney biopsy. Heightened clinical suspicion and early virologic work-up are essential to enable timely intervention and improve outcomes. This narrative review aims to raise awareness of viral-associated TIN in the pediatric population, with a specific focus on adenovirus. In addition to summarizing cases identified from the existing literature, we present two pediatric cases with biopsy-confirmed TIN: one in a kidney transplant recipient and the other in a previously healthy infant, illustrating the broad clinical spectrum of the disease.},
}

@article {pmid41283508,
year = {2025},
author = {Castañeda-Casimiro, J and Vallejo-Castillo, L and Peregrino, ES and Hernández-Solis, A and Vázquez-Flores, L and Chacón-Salinas, R and Wong-Baeza, I and Serafín-López, J},
title = {N-Glycosylation of Antibodies: Biological Effects During Infections and Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41283508},
issn = {2073-4468},
abstract = {Antibodies are produced by cells of the adaptive immune response and recognize epitopes of microbial structures with high affinity and specificity. Antibodies are recognized by Fc fragment receptors (FcRs) found on the surface of phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages) and NK cells, among others. Hence, antibodies link the adaptive immune response with the innate immune response. The functions of antibodies are related to the N-glycosylation profile of these proteins. In this review, we describe how N-glycosylation of the Fc fragment of the different antibody classes is carried out, and which oligosaccharides are most commonly found in these antibodies. Subsequently, we summarize the biological effects of N-glycosylation of antibodies: on the binding of antibodies to FcRs (which affects various functions, such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, antibody-dependent phagocytosis, and the production of pro- or anti-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines), on the ability of antibodies to activate complement and on the ability of some antibodies to directly neutralize the adhesion of bacteria and viruses to host cells (independently of Fab recognition). We describe how the N-glycosylation profile of antibodies is modified during certain infections (such as tuberculosis, COVID-19, influenza and dengue) and in response to vaccination, and the potential use of this profile to identify the stage and severity of an infection. Finally, we review the importance of N-glycosylation for the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and safety profiles of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies.},
}

@article {pmid41283262,
year = {2025},
author = {Zar, LA and Hamran, S and Alremawi, I and Elahtam, M and Abdelmaksoud, A and Arif, R and Chivese, T},
title = {Exit Meta-Analysis on the Effect of HIV on COVID-19 Mortality, Hospitalization, and ICU Admission.},
journal = {Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {41283262},
issn = {2076-3271},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/mortality/therapy ; *HIV Infections/mortality/complications/epidemiology ; *Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data ; *Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the publication of numerous primary studies and meta-analyses; however, conclusive evidence on whether HIV infection influences COVID-19 outcomes among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is still lacking. This research uses a novel technique, the exit meta-analysis, to conclusively update the evidence of HIV's impact on COVID-19-related mortality, hospitalization, and need for Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission in severe disease. Methods: A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Reviews (CDSR), SCOPUS, CINAHL reviews and Google Scholar databases was conducted up to the 18 January 2024 for meta-analyses and observational studies that reported adjusted associations for the effect of HIV on COVID-19 related mortality, hospitalization, and ICU admission. Evidence from existing meta-analyses was summarized narratively, and an updated meta-analysis was carried out using a bias-adjusted inverse variance heterogeneity model. Subgroup analysis was carried out for age groups and geographical regions. Results: Of 3153 records identified, 20 meta-analyses and 56 primary studies, with a total of 27,936,428 participants, including 655,882 PLHIV, were included. A review of the meta-analyses showed conflicting results for all outcomes. In the updated synthesis, HIV was associated with higher odds of mortality (aOR 1.43, 95% CI: 1.01-1.86, I[2] = 90.7%) and ICU admission (aOR 1.49, 95% CI: 0.67-2.30, I[2] = 88.8%), but not hospitalization (aOR 1.11, 95% CI: 0.78-1.48, I[2] = 97.5%). The results for both ICU admission and hospitalization include the null value, leading to lower certainty. The exit meta-analysis suggested conclusive results for mortality (DAts score = -0.012) and hospitalization (DAts score = -0.014), but not for ICU admission. Conclusions: This exit meta-analysis provides conclusive evidence that HIV increases mortality in people with COVID-19; however, more studies may be required to address ICU admission and hospitalization.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/mortality/therapy
*HIV Infections/mortality/complications/epidemiology
*Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data
*Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41282609,
year = {2025},
author = {Zheng, S and Xue, T and Li, S and Qi, W and Zao, X and Zhang, P and Cheng, FE and Ye, Y and Dong, P},
title = {Mechanistic insights into traditional Chinese medicine for viral pneumonia treatment: signaling pathway perspectives.},
journal = {Frontiers in pharmacology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1577580},
pmid = {41282609},
issn = {1663-9812},
abstract = {Since December 2019, the World Health Organization declared COVID-19 outbreak in the World as a highly contagious respiratory disease poses a significant challenge to the world. The main symptoms of patients are cough, fever, diarrhea, etc. In addition, the COVID-19 genome has strong plasticity, and there is a risk of cross-species transmission. The use of western medicine antibiotics brings good therapeutic effects, but also accompanied by many adverse reactions of physical and mental damage. At present, TCM has achieved remarkable results in the treatment of COVID-19. In addition to enriching the cognitive theories of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of COVID-19, studies on the cell signal transduction mechanism of TCM in the treatment of COVID-19 have developed rapidly from the perspective of molecular biology. Through literature search, it is found that the occurrence of COVID-19 is closely related to cellular inflammatory response, immune response, apoptosis, proliferation and other physiological and pathological processes. This study systematically elucidates the molecular mechanisms by which traditional Chinese medicine treats COVID-19 by regulating key signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and mTOR. It not only effectively alleviates COVID-19 symptoms and suppresses pulmonary inflammation but also reduces complications and drug-related adverse reactions. The integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine model demonstrates significant synergistic effects in antiviral treatment and overall regulation. Future research should further explore the cross-mechanisms of signaling pathways, strengthen evidence-based medical validation, promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine, and provide safer and more effective treatment strategies for global pandemic control.},
}

@article {pmid41281926,
year = {2025},
author = {Irigoyen-Amparan, CW and Gonzalez, KD and Pennathur, A and Mancera, B and Pennathur, PR},
title = {Organizational challenges persist, and new research directions emerge in the study of burnout in healthcare: Bibliometric analysis.},
journal = {Journal of public health research},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {22799036251395259},
pmid = {41281926},
issn = {2279-9028},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Between 35% and 45% of nurses and 40%-54% of physicians in the United States experienced burnout over the past decade, underscoring the need to examine trends and patterns in healthcare burnout research to identify contributors and formulate recommendations. Our objectives were to (1) understand whether the problem of burnout is widespread and studied globally, (2) assess the extent of research collaboration, (3) examine the focus of healthcare burnout themes prior to 2019 and after 2019 and assess similarities between themes to identify persistent problems, and (4) assess differences in themes to identify new research directions triggered by COVID-19.

DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a literature search in Web of Science, followed by bibliometric and manual comparative analyses of publications data. We analyzed trends in publications, countries, and organizations where healthcare burnout was studied, constructed co-authorship networks, and evaluated theme similarities and differences between the periods.

RESULTS: Studies have investigated longstanding system and organizational problems, including poor workplace conditions and unsupportive leadership and management, as contributors to burnout. Research collaborations on healthcare burnout across countries have increased post-pandemic. Studies conducted after 2019 have investigated new research directions, including workplace adaptations, workplace aggression, and emerging technologies such as virtual reality.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that workplace conditions and organizational factors such as leadership and management remain persistent challenges, with workplace violence and workplace aggression increasingly associated with burnout. Design improvements to the work system and emerging technologies hold promise as interventions for preventing and mitigating burnout.},
}

@article {pmid41281392,
year = {2025},
author = {Leivaditis, V and Mulita, F and Baikoussis, N and Liolis, E and Tchabashvili, L and Tasios, K and Antzoulas, A and Dahm, M},
title = {Forged in conflict: how wars and crises shaped cardiovascular surgery.},
journal = {Indian journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery},
volume = {41},
number = {12},
pages = {1733-1747},
pmid = {41281392},
issn = {0970-9134},
abstract = {Wars and crises have historically acted as powerful catalysts for advances in cardiovascular surgery. Throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, periods of armed conflict and global emergencies have driven surgical innovation, accelerated technological development, and reshaped clinical priorities. This review explores how wartime conditions, with their urgent need for effective treatment of vascular and cardiac injuries, fostered the emergence of new techniques such as arterial repair, cardiopulmonary bypass, and heart valve replacement. It also examines how public health crises, including the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, further transformed cardiovascular surgical practice by introducing new protocols, technologies, and logistical frameworks. Drawing on historical milestones, surgical breakthroughs, and lessons learned under extreme conditions, this article highlights the enduring impact of crises on the evolution of cardiovascular surgery and reflects on how these experiences continue to influence contemporary surgical strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41278042,
year = {2025},
author = {Parmar, V and Arias Castro, A and Singh, I and Garcia Santiago, G and Singh, M},
title = {Prevalence of Suicide Among Adolescents Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {e97166},
pmid = {41278042},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {This systematic review examines the prevalence of adolescent suicide before and after the COVID-19 pandemic and analyzes associated changes and contributing factors. A literature search was conducted for studies published between 2019 and 2023 in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing on populations aged 12-19 years that reported suicide prevalence both before and during the pandemic. Only peer-reviewed studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. A total of 20 studies met the criteria and were included. The findings indicate a significant increase in suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adolescents, particularly females. Major contributing factors included social isolation, academic stress, and reduced access to mental healthcare. Overall, the COVID-19 pandemic has had a substantial negative impact on adolescent mental health. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions and strengthened support systems to prevent suicide and promote resilience in this vulnerable population.},
}

@article {pmid41278035,
year = {2025},
author = {Zulla, RT and Nicholas, DB and Sutherland, S and Cohen, E and Birnie, K and Anthony, S and Robeson, P and Selkirk, E and Killackey, T and Mohabir, V and Stinson, J},
title = {Synchronous virtual care in children's health care: a scoping review.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1610407},
pmid = {41278035},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Synchronous virtual care comprises real-time, online-mediated healthcare. This approach has increasingly been used in pediatrics, largely implemented in the COVID-19 pandemic. Evidence is limited on the impacts of this mode of care delivery on patient and family experience and care quality. To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review to amalgamate existing knowledge about the perceived impact of synchronous virtual care as it is experienced by children and their families across multiple disciplines.

METHODS: Following guidance from the Joanna Briggs Institute, a search of the peer reviewed, published literature was conducted employing multiple databases: APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, EBSCO, Embase, and OVID. Reviewed articles were published in English from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2023, and addressed virtual care for children and their families. The initial search generated 1,079 articles, which underwent abstract and then full-text screening. A total of 157 full text articles were screened, yielding 117 articles from which data was extracted.

RESULTS: Virtual care interventions, generally appearing in the last decade (2013-2023), have been largely studied using quantitative approaches. They tend to be positively viewed by youth and parents as indicated by identified benefits and general satisfaction. However, articles report both facilitating and hindering elements of virtual care, and barriers are reported that reflect inequities associated with social determinants of health. Such barriers are shown to impede the use of virtual care among some marginalized communities. The review indicates that effective virtual care approaches require (a) program/organizational infrastructure support, (b) training for both service providers and users, and (c) tailoring to clinical needs.

CONCLUSION: Considering virtual care "fit" for target patients and families is important. Implications for clinical care as well as guidelines for future research are offered.},
}

@article {pmid41277681,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, Y and Mollayeva, T and Fitzpatrick, R and Tylinski Sant'Ana, T and Farina, F and Swiatek, D and Sopidou, K and Tabilo, E and Betka, M and Leroi, I and Leon, T and Peeters, G and , },
title = {The Global Impact of COVID-19 Control Measures on People With Dementia Living at Home and Their Carers: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Research Across 27 Countries.},
journal = {Brain and behavior},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e71100},
doi = {10.1002/brb3.71100},
pmid = {41277681},
issn = {2162-3279},
support = {/CAPMC/CIHR/Canada ; //EU Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Dementia/psychology ; *Caregivers/psychology ; Global Health ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: COVID-19 control measures have had a unique impact on people with dementia (PWD) and their carers living at home. Yet, uncertainty exists regarding the global impact of such measures and whether differences exist between countries and global regions. We aimed to synthesize evidence on this topic.

METHODS: We searched Medline, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Latin American and Caribbean Health Literature (LILACS), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and EM Premium from the start of the pandemic to July 2022. At least two researchers independently screened citations and performed quality assessment following recommended criteria for critical appraisal according to study methodology. We analyzed data by country and region and synthesized results descriptively.

RESULTS: Sixty-nine studies met inclusion criteria (74% quantitative and 26% qualitative; 22% included PWD, 44% carers of PWD, and 4% dyads), with a total of 209,738 participants. Most studies were conducted in Europe (59%), followed by Asia and North America (15% each), South America (7%), and Oceania (1%). Two studies presented data from multiple regions (3%). The quality of the studies varied, with the majority (62%) being of moderate quality. Across the study populations and global regions, COVID-19 control measures had implications for PWD and carers' access to health services, physical and mental health and daily routine, cognition, behavior, with accompanying social and economic costs. The impact on mental health for PWD and on loneliness and well-being for carers were the two most frequently studied outcomes.

CONCLUSION: People with dementia and their carers represent a heterogeneous group of people across countries and communities; despite that, the impacts of COVID-19 control measures on PWD and their carers were broadly consistent across regions. Our evidence synthesis highlights the critical need for decision-makers to account for the needs of PWD and their carers when designing and implementing public health measures.

OTHER: This work was funded by the JPND Call for Expert Working Groups: The Impact of COVID-19 on Neurodegenerative Diseases in partnership with the CIHR-Institute of Aging and the Public Health Agency (CIHR #02342-000). PROSPERO CRD42024554701.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
*Dementia/psychology
*Caregivers/psychology
Global Health
Qualitative Research
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41277211,
year = {2025},
author = {Pugazhenthi, DP and Ramya, A and Murugavel, D and Krishnan, K and Palani, S},
title = {A Review of the Efficacy of Nanodrug Delivery Systems: Is It Worth the Hype?.},
journal = {The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India},
volume = {73},
number = {11},
pages = {80-82},
doi = {10.59556/japi.73.1205},
pmid = {41277211},
issn = {0004-5772},
mesh = {Humans ; *Drug Delivery Systems/methods ; *Nanoparticles ; *Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System ; COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Nanodrug delivery systems are gradually becoming the current "talk of the town" due to their efficiency in treating different diseases in a more advanced manner when compared to conventional drug-delivery systems. It is well known that drugs can be given through various routes of administration, such as the popular oral, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. It is quite surprising that formulating these same drugs as nanoparticles (NPs) and administering them to the patient could produce better results. Different studies have shown the effects of nanodrug delivery systems in targeting cancer cells, ameliorating pulmonary arterial hypertension, and providing improved treatments for ophthalmic conditions such as glaucoma. In most studies, nanodrug delivery systems have been shown to exhibit targeted action at the desired site or organ, low toxicity, and fewer systemic side effects. These new insights can provide an enhanced understanding of the benefits of NP formulations of drugs, as well as open up new pathways for future creative techniques in addressing emerging medical conditions. Furthermore, these formulations generally consist of polymer- or liposome-based or coated NPs, as they are easily biodegradable, meaning they have a higher ability to disintegrate and, at the same time, are not harmful to living tissues, thereby displaying greater compatibility. New connections can be established through the utilization of NPs in the treatment of emerging diseases worldwide. Data from these studies could provide a foundation for groundbreaking and innovative strategies in coping with or fighting even the recent COVID-19 pandemic.},
}

Humans
*Drug Delivery Systems/methods
*Nanoparticles
*Nanoparticle Drug Delivery System
COVID-19

@article {pmid41276835,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaboré, BWO and Gouba, N and Ilboudo, AK and Lingani, M and Savadogo, M and Ouedraogo, E and Cissé, A and Simonis, V and Tarnagda, Z},
title = {Viral etiology of acute respiratory infections in Sub-Saharan Africa during the pre-COVID-19 period (2006-2019): a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12879-025-12122-8},
pmid = {41276835},
issn = {1471-2334},
}

@article {pmid41276789,
year = {2025},
author = {Thomas, SJ and Dulek, DE and Gans, HA and Masaki, Y and Michaels, MG},
title = {Updates on Vaccine-Preventable Respiratory Viral Infections in Pediatric Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.},
journal = {Pediatric transplantation},
volume = {29},
number = {8},
pages = {e70231},
doi = {10.1111/petr.70231},
pmid = {41276789},
issn = {1399-3046},
mesh = {Humans ; *Organ Transplantation ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/virology ; Child ; *Transplant Recipients ; *Virus Diseases/prevention & control ; Child, Preschool ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; *Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/prevention & control ; Infant ; },
abstract = {The global burden of acute lower respiratory tract infections, including viral etiologies, equated to 725 557 deaths in 2021 in children under 4 years of age. Community-acquired respiratory viral infections (RVI) also carry a high burden among pediatric solid organ transplant recipients (PSOTR), accounting for 14.5% of hospitalizations in the first year post-transplant in an American cohort. This mini review on behalf of the International Pediatric Transplant Association (IPTA) infectious diseases committee discusses novel preventative and prophylactic strategies and includes pertinent updates for vaccine-preventable RVI including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and RSV in PSOTR.},
}

Humans
*Organ Transplantation
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/virology
Child
*Transplant Recipients
*Virus Diseases/prevention & control
Child, Preschool
COVID-19/prevention & control
Influenza, Human/prevention & control
*Vaccine-Preventable Diseases/prevention & control
Infant

@article {pmid41275995,
year = {2025},
author = {Flasbeck, V and Engler, H and Marková, V and Schedlowski, M and Brüne, M},
title = {Between Care and Contagion: Insights from the Endotoxin Model into the Social Facets of Sickness.},
journal = {Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106486},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2025.106486},
pmid = {41275995},
issn = {1873-7528},
abstract = {The ability to recognize sick and potentially contagious conspecifics is crucial for survival, particularly in social species where close contact increases the risk for disease transmission. This creates an evolutionary trade-off between avoiding infection and maintaining care for sick group members. This narrative review summarizes research using bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) to experimentally induce sickness, focusing on its effects on social behavior in animals and humans. LPS-treated animals generally show reduced social exploration of healthy conspecifics, while healthy conspecifics tend to avoid them. Such avoidance behavior is influenced by environmental factors such as housing conditions, health status, and social hierarchy. Some species, when sick, show a preference for familiar individuals, and exhibit more affiliative, less aggressive behaviors. In humans, LPS-induced sickness leads to heightened sensitivity to both positive and negative social cues, which may reflect an adaptive response to increased vulnerability. Individuals under LPS also demonstrate an enhanced ability to regulate emotional responses and reduced empathy for others' psychological pain, suggesting a shift towards a more self-focused, energy-conserving state. Sick individuals additionally tend to seek care from those with a history of supportive behavior. Humans can detect sickness in others through olfactory and visual cues, such as odor, facial expressions and posture. As observed during the COVID-19 pandemic, prolonged social isolation negatively affects both infected individuals and their caregivers. Future research should therefore investigate the impact of sickness on higher level social cognitive functioning, as well as the role of modulating variables such as familiarity, sickness severity and sample demographics.},
}

@article {pmid41275494,
year = {2025},
author = {Wadhwa, R and Tang, E and Wong, LYR and Wong Fok Lung, T},
title = {Airway immunometabolic responses during pulmonary bacterial and viral infections.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {44},
number = {12},
pages = {116614},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2025.116614},
pmid = {41275494},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Airway infections caused by viral and bacterial pathogens pose a significant threat to human health, with the COVID-19 pandemic serving as a stark reminder of their detrimental impact. This review explores the critical role of metabolism in determining the outcome of respiratory infections. It covers fundamental concepts in immunometabolism and details how common pathogens exploit the host metabolism to dysregulate immune responses or evade immune clearance. We further consider how immune-signaling metabolites can directly drive pathogen evolution, emphasizing the importance of a better understanding of host-pathogen metabolic interactions in developing effective new therapies.},
}

@article {pmid41275176,
year = {2025},
author = {Fakherpour, A and Jahangiri, M and Haghighi, A},
title = {A systematic review of fit improvement strategies for respirators: lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12889-025-24867-7},
pmid = {41275176},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {23984//Shiraz University of Medical Sciences/ ; 23984//Shiraz University of Medical Sciences/ ; 23984//Shiraz University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The use of respirators and masks has increased dramatically during outbreaks of respiratory infections, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Both filtration efficiency and respirator fit testing influence the provision of effective respiratory protection to users. If healthcare workers (HCWs) do not have access to tight-fitting N95 filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs) or if fit testing procedures are not feasible, some cost‒benefit fit improvement strategies (FISs) could benefit HCW respiratory protection against respiratory infection pandemics.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this systematic review is to investigate the importance of fit testing and to identify the optimal factors influencing respirator or mask fit characteristics, particularly in emergency situations.

METHODS: We searched four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct from February 5, 2020, to December 7, 2024, covering the COVID-19 pandemic period. Finally, a gray literature search was conducted to ensure that no further studies were missed. Additionally, quality assessment of the included studies was performed according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS: A total of 39 full texts were included in the systematic review. Seven categories of FISs included fitters or braces, double masking with cloth or medical masks over FFRs, ear loop knotting and tucking or using ear guards (hooks, clips), adhesive tape, skin protectants/dressings, wearing goggles over FFRs, and using cloths over facial hair to improve fit. Each FIS has its own advantages and disadvantages. Overall, there was an improvement in fitting after the application of the FISs.

CONCLUSIONS: Among all, mask frame, ear loop strap modification, medical tape, thin dressings, double masking, and goggles donning modification are considered as pleasant FISs during performing the occupational activity. Among all, the mask frame and medical tape outperformed the other FISs. It is crucial that all respirators modified with FISs undergo standard fit testing procedures to avoid a false sense of security and prevent exposure to hazardous respiratory substances. Both safety and ergonomic factors are of great importance when applying each FIS.},
}

@article {pmid41274005,
year = {2025},
author = {Ning, YX and Liang, S and Cai, XM and Song, SL and Zhao, ZR and Yu, WB},
title = {Mental health among athletes: A bibliometric and visual analysis of research hotspots and trends.},
journal = {Acta psychologica},
volume = {261},
number = {},
pages = {106002},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.106002},
pmid = {41274005},
issn = {1873-6297},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Mental health among elite athletes is a critical and growing focus, recognized for its profound impact on their well-being and performance trajectories.

OBJECTIVE: This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric and visual analysis of athlete mental health research from 2015 to 2024, aiming to identify key contributors, established hotspots, and emerging trends to guide future investigations and interventions.

METHODS: Articles published between 2015 and 2024 were systematically retrieved from Web of Science and Scopus databases. CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were utilized for bibliometric and visual analysis.

RESULTS: A corpus of 2508 unique articles revealed an upward publication trend. The United States, Harvard Medical School, and Gouttebarge were identified as leading contributors. Co-citation analysis yielded 20 primary research clusters, encompassing common psychological challenges (e.g., depression, eating disorders), positive psychological traits (e.g., mindfulness, mental toughness), specific stressors (e.g., concussion, overtraining, career uncertainty), and social support systems. Keyword burst detection highlighted emerging directions: the long-term mental health impacts of COVID-19, mental health in student athletes and competitive contexts, methodological trends like retrospective studies, and the interplay of physiological stress, distress, and attention.

CONCLUSION: This study offers valuable, data-driven insights into the evolving landscape of athlete mental health research. By mapping key hotspots and emerging trends, it provides a crucial roadmap for future investigations, enhancing understanding and guiding the development of effective interventions to safeguard athletes' overall well-being and optimize their performance.},
}

@article {pmid41272854,
year = {2025},
author = {Morton, S and Surman, K and Bayliss, R and Storey, H and Gray, E and Gant, A and Morris, A and Forbes, A and Cowan, S and Stevenson, E and Hardy, P and Williams, R and , },
title = {FPHC Wellbeing Charter: The 'Whys' and 'Hows' of the Charter.},
journal = {Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {187},
pmid = {41272854},
issn = {1757-7241},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Focus Groups ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In 2022 the Faculty of Pre-hospital Care (FPHC) report on "Valuing Staff, Valuing Patients" was published, outlining the need to "seek out and remedy secondary stressors", such as training burdens or financial costs. Since that original publication, COVID-19 and the increased demand for healthcare have presented additional challenges, and staff wellbeing remains an increasing concern. The aim of the FPHC Wellbeing Group was to develop a FPHC Wellbeing Charter, to put the recommendations of the report into practice in a document that outlines achievable measures for all pre-hospital organisations to improve their staff and volunteers' wellbeing.

METHODS: Questionnaires and focus groups, alongside a literature search and the original FPHC report were utilised to develop the Charter. This was led by the FPHC Wellbeing Group. Participants were sought from a range of pre-hospital organisations including National Health Service ambulance trusts, air ambulance organisations and voluntary organisations such as Mountain Rescue. The Charter has been reviewed by the FPHC Executive Committee.

RESULTS: Two hundred eighty-one responses to the questionnaire were obtained and six focus groups were held representing the majority of pre-hospital organisations. As a result of this a FPHC Wellbeing Charter has been developed with four main sections: policies for a good organisation; facilities for a good organisation; support for colleagues in a good organisation and continued professional development, study leave and examination support in a good organisation. Within the policies section there are four sub-sections: rotas and rest; illness/return to work; patient outcome follow-up and parental leave (including maternity policies).

CONCLUSION: The FPHC Wellbeing Charter outlines 'why' and 'how' organisations can take measures to improve their staff and volunteer's wellbeing. Much of the emphasis of the Charter is on reducing secondary stressors by improving simple things, recognising that whilst pre-hospital clinicians and volunteers are often involved in difficult events, daily stresses have a significant cumulative impact. It is anticipated that this will not be a static document; however, a minimum baseline has been set.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Focus Groups
Surveys and Questionnaires
*Emergency Medical Services/organization & administration
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41272649,
year = {2025},
author = {Dückers, MLA},
title = {Exposing the loci of bias: a taxonomical exploration of sources of bias in population mental health research.},
journal = {Population health metrics},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {64},
pmid = {41272649},
issn = {1478-7954},
mesh = {Humans ; Bias ; *Mental Health ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Population Health ; },
abstract = {All studies are inherently biased, but some are more biased than others. This variation on a key theme from George Orwell's Animal Farm underscores a significant issue in public health. Ultimately, optimizing public health begins with understanding population health-particularly when assessing the impact of specific health risks that are often intertwined with both benign and malign health determinants. The objective of this contribution is to provide an overview of sources of bias in epidemiological research, drawing inspiration from the work of Rudolph Agricola-Northern Europe's first humanist and a homo universalis. Agricola's methodological approach distinguished between different categories of informational sources, which he deliberately employed as instruments for structured argumentation. This article presents a contemporary variation of that approach in the form of a complementary taxonomy, outlining examples of material and procedural bias sources that, individually or in combination, can affect estimates of mental health problems. These include the nature of the outcome itself and the context of the sample-covering its vulnerability and exposure profile, as well as broader population characteristics-along with data collection methods and analytical techniques. The value of this structured approach to disentangling bias in modern population health research is illustrated with examples from recent studies on the impacts of disasters and the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers are encouraged to be modest, to carefully consider "locations" or "origins" of bias, and to interpret study findings with caution-especially when using them to inform public health policy or to make arguments about the nature and severity of population health issues.},
}

Humans
Bias
*Mental Health
COVID-19/epidemiology
SARS-CoV-2
*Population Health

@article {pmid41175829,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, N and Rambod, B and Dukers-Muijrers, N and Chevalier, JM and Steijvers, L and Kojan, L and Wijnen, S and Crutzen, R and Jahn, B and Siebert, U and Stellbrink, L and van Daalen, F and Kretzschmar, M and Hiligsmann, M},
title = {General population preferences for health-related protective behaviors during infectious disease emergencies: a systematic review of conjoint-analysis studies.},
journal = {Social science & medicine (1982)},
volume = {388},
number = {},
pages = {118721},
doi = {10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118721},
pmid = {41175829},
issn = {1873-5347},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Emergencies/psychology ; *Health Behavior ; *Communicable Diseases/psychology ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To primarily systematically review the evidence from conjoint analysis (CA) studies on general population preferences for health-related protective behavioral measures during infectious disease emergencies, to secondarily assess the role of social networks in shaping decisions and to synthesize quantitative data to inform behaviorally responsive epidemiological models.

METHODS: PubMed and EMBASE were searched to identify relevant CA studies published up to June 2025. In addition to study characteristics, the scope of protective measures of included studies were examined and categorized according to seven pre-defined groups; the relative importance of attributes in each study was ranked and compared across studies and the heterogeneity of preferences was explored. The ISPOR checklist was used to assess the quality of reporting of included studies.

RESULTS: Of 2,523 articles identified, 16 studies were included. The quality of included studies was high with an average score of 24.7 out of 30 (range 18.5-28.5). Lockdown and restriction-related measures were most frequently perceived as important. A moderate level, targeted lockdown in a short period was preferred over severe or no restrictions. Face mask wearing and physical distancing were generally highly valued and preferred; for these measures, there was a clear preference for voluntary compliance over mandatory enforcement. Selective public spaces closures were preferred over broader shutdowns. Long-lasting, mandatory, and broadly applied quarantine was generally less preferred, while targeted quarantine was more acceptable. Substantial heterogeneity in preferences across populations was identified; age- and risk-based discrepancies in preferences were reported.

CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates the complexity of public preferences for protective measures and highlights the importance of aligning public health strategies with individual preferences by taking into account substantial heterogeneity. Incorporating these insights into policy and mathematical modelling frameworks would be helpful to enhance the acceptability and adherence of health-related protective measures in future pandemic preparedness.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/prevention & control
*Emergencies/psychology
*Health Behavior
*Communicable Diseases/psychology
*Communicable Disease Control/methods

@article {pmid40976013,
year = {2025},
author = {Vetrugno, L and D'Ardes, D and Deana, C and Biasucci, DG and Boccatonda, A},
title = {Lung ultrasound and community-acquired pneumonia: from complementary tool to clinical game-changer.},
journal = {Respiratory medicine and research},
volume = {88},
number = {},
pages = {101203},
doi = {10.1016/j.resmer.2025.101203},
pmid = {40976013},
issn = {2590-0412},
mesh = {Humans ; *Community-Acquired Infections/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography/methods ; *Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging ; COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnostic imaging ; *Lung/diagnostic imaging ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Community-Acquired Pneumonia ; },
abstract = {Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a major global health concern, traditionally diagnosed through chest X-ray (CXR). However, lung ultrasound (LUS) is increasingly emerging as a transformative tool in both diagnosis and management. Evidence from recent meta-analyses reveals that LUS outperforms CXR in sensitivity and rivals it in specificity, with pooled diagnostic accuracies exceeding 90 %. Unlike CXR, LUS is radiation-free, cost-effective, and ideal for bedside use, making it particularly valuable in emergency departments, intensive care units, pediatric and geriatric populations, and resource-limited settings. In children, LUS spares radiation exposure, while in elderly patients, contrast-enhanced ultrasound improves diagnostic specificity. Beyond diagnosis, LUS enables dynamic monitoring, prognostic scoring (e.g., LUS score, CPIS-PLUS), and supports treatment decisions such as ventilator weaning and antibiotic stewardship. Recent applications during the COVID-19 pandemic have demonstrated its effectiveness in triage and outcome prediction. Despite challenges such as operator dependency and reduced penetration for deep lesions, technological advances-particularly artificial intelligence and handheld devices-are mitigating these limitations. Deep learning models now interpret LUS images with high accuracy, enhancing reproducibility and accessibility for general practitioners. In low- and middle-income countries, LUS serves as a crucial diagnostic bridge, improving access and reducing reliance on costly imaging modalities. As training programs and standardized scoring systems evolve, LUS is becoming a frontline tool rather than a supplementary option. Its integration into clinical practice promises to reshape pneumonia care through rapid, accurate, and scalable diagnostics. In light of these advancements, LUS is not just complementary to radiography-it is redefining the diagnostic landscape of pneumonia.},
}

Humans
*Community-Acquired Infections/diagnostic imaging
Ultrasonography/methods
*Pneumonia/diagnostic imaging
COVID-19/epidemiology/diagnostic imaging
*Lung/diagnostic imaging
SARS-CoV-2
Community-Acquired Pneumonia

@article {pmid40835454,
year = {2025},
author = {Morimoto, Y and Higashi, H and Izumi, H and Tomonaga, T and Nishida, C and Yamato, H and Eguchi, H and Kawanami, S and Suzuki, K and Yatera, K},
title = {[Preventive measures against infections, including viruses in the workplace].},
journal = {Sangyo eiseigaku zasshi = Journal of occupational health},
volume = {67},
number = {6},
pages = {253-264},
doi = {10.1539/sangyoeisei.2025-018-A},
pmid = {40835454},
issn = {1349-533X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/transmission ; *Workplace ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Occupational Health ; *Infection Control/methods ; Ventilation ; Masks ; *Occupational Exposure/prevention & control ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; Air Conditioning ; },
abstract = {Pandemics such as COVID-19 have wreaked havoc on society in general, and they are still having a lasting impact, with peak infections in summer and winter. Novel emerging infectious diseases and re-emerging ones that are attracting renewed attention will continue to affect workplaces in the future. Herein, we focus on the latest reports on COVID-19 and explain what preventive measures are necessary in the workplace, taking into account the route of virus infection. Although droplets and airborne exposure are the main infection routes, contact infection cannot be overlooked. Infection prevention measures include the uses of natural and mechanical ventilation, air conditioning equipment, and masks as well as the recommendation of vaccination, all of which have reported effectiveness However, since indoor environments vary, we do not recommend preventive control through any one measure alone. Instead, implementing infection control by using a combination of measures is important for adaptation to various situations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control/transmission
*Workplace
SARS-CoV-2
*Occupational Health
*Infection Control/methods
Ventilation
Masks
*Occupational Exposure/prevention & control
*Pandemics/prevention & control
Air Conditioning

@article {pmid41272382,
year = {2025},
author = {Dornas, W and Reis, JP and Belilo, TE and Vaz, LG and Nasser, HH and de Souza Maia, ML and Figueiredo, A and Tcherniacovski, AG and Montenegro, LCC and Yang, X and C Santiago, H},
title = {Persistent inflammatory cytokine signature in long Covid-19 patients: a meta-analysis.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41272382},
issn = {1568-5608},
abstract = {Post-acute sequelae of Covid-19 (PASC) refer to persistent symptoms lasting weeks to months after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, identifying biological mechanisms, potential therapeutic targets, and modifiable environmental risk factors remains necessary. Here, we analyzed cytokine levels in patients with PASC through a systematic literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, including articles published up to December 2024. A total of 33 studies (comprising 3294 patients) were included, addressing the long-term sequelae following acute Covid-19 infection. Levels of IL-6, IL-2, MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IP-10/CXCL10 were higher in Covid-19 patients with PASC compared to those without PASC, suggesting an inflammatory basis for the persistence of symptoms. Conversely, little or no difference was observed for IL-1β, IL-7, IL-10, IL-4, IL-17A, IL-8, and IL-1α. To assess the duration of the sustained inflammatory response post-infection, cytokine measurements were categorized as < 6 months or ≥ 6 months after diagnosis. IL-6, MCP-1/CCL2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ remained elevated in both time windows, while IL-1β, IL-8, IP-10/CXCL10, IL-2, and IL-10 showed increased levels beyond 6 months post-Covid-19 diagnosis. Our findings indicate that persistent elevation of inflammatory cytokine is associated with PASC, contributing to a better understanding of the immune pathology underlying chronic dysfunction related to Covid-19.},
}

@article {pmid41271803,
year = {2025},
author = {Bansal, A},
title = {Economic burden of long COVID: macroeconomic, cost-of-illness and microeconomic impacts.},
journal = {NPJ primary care respiratory medicine},
volume = {35},
number = {1},
pages = {53},
pmid = {41271803},
issn = {2055-1010},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/economics/epidemiology ; *Cost of Illness ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Global Health ; Unemployment ; },
abstract = {Long COVID, defined by symptoms persisting three months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, presents a significant global health and economic challenge, with global prevalence estimated at 36% (ranging from 1-92%). This brief communication consolidates current knowledge on its economic impacts, including macroeconomic, cost-of-illness, and microeconomic impacts, which are estimated at an average annual burden of $1 trillion globally and $9000 per patient in the USA, with some individuals covering substantial out-of-pocket expenses. Annual lost earnings in the USA alone are estimated at approximately $170 billion. Long COVID was associated with increased unemployment, financial distress, and work impairment for up to three years post-infection. This paper highlights discrepancies in impact estimation methodologies and calls for standardised metrics especially in emerging economies. Key research gaps include the absence of comprehensive longitudinal studies on individual and aggregated economic burden, specific long COVID phenotypes and biomarkers, and cost-effectiveness evaluations of interventions.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/economics/epidemiology
*Cost of Illness
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Global Health
Unemployment

@article {pmid41271425,
year = {2025},
author = {Cussen, A and Littler, K},
title = {Trial characteristics, methods and reported challenges of decentralised clinical trials: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {15},
number = {11},
pages = {e106823},
doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2025-106823},
pmid = {41271425},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *Clinical Trials as Topic/methods ; COVID-19 ; *Research Design ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Politics ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To map the landscape of decentralised clinical trials (DCTs) by summarising characteristics, methods and reported challenges of published DCTs.

DESIGN: Scoping review, reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist.

DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed were searched through to 21 August 2024.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included reports of completed DCTs (defined as a trial of an intervention, with a comparison arm, in which some or all trial activities occurred away from the trial centre). All intervention types were included.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A single reviewer extracted data to a structured extraction sheet. Descriptive statistics (frequencies) are reported for study characteristics and the terminology used to describe trial methods. Decentralised methods used were coded separately for each trial stage.

RESULTS: 53 papers met inclusion criteria. Most studies (34/53) were conducted in the USA. Mental health (18 studies) and COVID-19 (11 studies) were the predominant research areas. 24 (of 53) studies investigated pharmaceutical interventions, while others examined nutritional interventions, medical devices and behavioural interventions. Recruitment, screening and consent were commonly conducted remotely. A range of methods, including online, in-person and telemedicine, was used to collect outcome measures. Several studies experienced challenges related to participant retention and biased recruitment. Terminology regarding decentralisation was inconsistent across studies.

CONCLUSIONS: DCTs are rapidly increasing in use, and commonly cited advantages include reduced costs and reduced participant burden. This review identifies key research areas using DCTs and highlights a need for standardised terminology, comprehensive reporting of methods and limitations, and robust regulatory frameworks. Development of formal ethical and reporting standards is essential to ensure effective and responsible implementation of DCTs in clinical research.},
}

Humans
*Clinical Trials as Topic/methods
COVID-19
*Research Design
SARS-CoV-2
*Politics

@article {pmid41270290,
year = {2025},
author = {Clark, JR and Maresso, AW},
title = {Sewers to Solutions: A Guide to Wastewater Pathogen Monitoring.},
journal = {Annual review of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-med-062024-125121},
pmid = {41270290},
issn = {1545-326X},
abstract = {Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is the analysis of wastewater to detect pathogen levels or activity for public health awareness or action. Pioneered in the 1940s, WBE underwent a resurgence during the COVID-19 pandemic, providing important information about number of cases, outbreaks, and seasonal impact. With advancements in detection technologies and growing interest in environmental surveillance, WBE is poised to become a standard practice in public health monitoring. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of the art of pathogen WBE, including methods of molecular detection, analysis of wastewater data, real-world applications and programs, public health interventions, and benefits and challenges for the field.},
}

@article {pmid41269748,
year = {2025},
author = {Alvarez-Galvez, J and Carretero-Bravo, J and Lagares-Franco, C and Ramos-Fiol, B and Ortega-Martin, E},
title = {Development of a Conceptual Framework of Health Misinformation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Review of Reviews.},
journal = {JMIR public health and surveillance},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {e62693},
doi = {10.2196/62693},
pmid = {41269748},
issn = {2369-2960},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Communication ; Pandemics ; Social Media ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Despite the wide variety of studies that have focused on the recent COVID-19 infodemic, defining health mis- or disinformation remains a challenge due to the dynamic nature of the social media ecosystem and, in particular, the different terminologies from different fields of knowledge.

OBJECTIVE: In this work, we aim to develop a conceptual framework of health misinformation during pandemic contexts that will enable the establishment of an interoperable definition of this concept and consequently a better management of these problems in the future.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of reviews to develop a conceptual framework for health misinformation during the pandemic context as a case study.

RESULTS: This review comprises 51 reviews from which we developed a conceptual framework that integrates 6 key domains-sources, drivers, content, dissemination channels, target audiences, and health-related effects of mis- or disinformation-offering a structured approach to analyze and categorize health misinformation. These 6 domains collectively form the basis of our proposed conceptual framework.

CONCLUSIONS: Our results highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of health disinformation and underscore the need for a common language across disciplines addressing this global problem in order to use interoperable definitions and advance this evolving field of study. By offering a structured conceptual framework, we also provide a valuable foundation for interventions aimed at surveillance, public communication, and digital content moderation in future health emergencies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Communication
Pandemics
Social Media

@article {pmid41269441,
year = {2025},
author = {Marin, C and Alobid, I and López-Chacón, M and Rodríguez-VanStrahlen, C and Aguilera, P and Mullol, J},
title = {Olfactory Dysfunction and Cognitive Decline: Are They Related?.},
journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {56},
pmid = {41269441},
issn = {1534-6315},
mesh = {Humans ; *Olfaction Disorders/complications ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology ; Smell ; Disease Progression ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Olfactory function is certainly associated with cognitive health, and the severity of loss of smell (LoS) has been associated with the rate of cognitive decline. In this review, we describe the relationship between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline, focusing on its relevance in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper respiratory diseases. We also highlight the relevant correlation between the alteration of the components of olfaction, such as odor identification, and the progression in cognitive decline leading to dementia.

RECENT FINDINGS: A relevant number of studies suggest that olfactory identification impairment may predict the progression of cognitive decline from normal aging to mild cognitive impairment and dementia. In this review, we describe the association between olfactory dysfunction and cognitive decline, focusing in its relevance in type 2 and non-type 2 inflammatory upper respiratory diseases.},
}

Humans
*Olfaction Disorders/complications
*Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Smell
Disease Progression

@article {pmid41269000,
year = {2025},
author = {Harbsmeier, AN and Schultz, M and Ekenberg, C and Larsen, CS and Usinger, L and Harboe, ZB},
title = {[Vaccination of older adults].},
journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger},
volume = {187},
number = {46},
pages = {},
doi = {10.61409/V04250252},
pmid = {41269000},
issn = {1603-6824},
mesh = {Humans ; Aged ; *Vaccination ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Denmark ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage ; Aged, 80 and over ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {This review presents vaccination as an effective measure in preventing hospitalisation and death in older adults. Older adults are at higher risk of severe infections due to several factors, including immunosenescence, multiple comorbidities and frailty. In Denmark, there is a free seasonal vaccination program against influenza and COVID-19 for individuals aged ≥ 65 years. Other relevant vaccines are available for this age group, including against pneumococcal disease, RSV and herpes zoster. Awareness of the benefits of vaccination in the elderly can help protect this vulnerable group from severe infections and their consequences.},
}

Humans
Aged
*Vaccination
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage
Denmark
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
COVID-19/prevention & control
Pneumococcal Vaccines/administration & dosage
Aged, 80 and over
Influenza, Human/prevention & control

@article {pmid41268995,
year = {2025},
author = {Moseholm, E and Weis, N},
title = {[Vaccination in pregnancy].},
journal = {Ugeskrift for laeger},
volume = {187},
number = {46},
pages = {},
doi = {10.61409/V03250236},
pmid = {41268995},
issn = {1603-6824},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; *Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control ; Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {Vaccination during pregnancy is an effective and safe way to protect both the pregnant individual and the child from serious infections as presented in this review. Influenza, COVID-19, and pertussis vaccines are routinely recommended and provide proven benefits for both mother and newborn. While inactivated and recombinant vaccines are safe to use, live-attenuated vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy. Despite their importance, pregnant individuals are often excluded from clinical vaccine studies, highlighting the need for more research on maternal antibody transfer and optimal vaccination strategies in pregnancy.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
Influenza Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects
*Vaccination/adverse effects
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage/adverse effects
*Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/prevention & control
Pertussis Vaccine/administration & dosage/adverse effects
COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage/adverse effects

@article {pmid41268892,
year = {2025},
author = {Dillman, RO and Nistor, GI and Keirstead, HS},
title = {A review of vaccinology and ex vivo antigen-loaded dendritic cells: A different approach to infectious disease vaccines.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {2588861},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2025.2588861},
pmid = {41268892},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dendritic Cells/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; *Vaccinology/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Animals ; Vaccines, DNA/immunology ; },
abstract = {Vaccinology originated with 18[th] century efforts to prevent smallpox by injecting healthy individuals with the infectious contents of cutaneous lesions from smallpox patients (variolation) or from individuals afflicted with cowpox (vaccination). In the late 19[th] century, vaccination was extended to other diseases after the development of chemical methods to kill pathogens (inactivation) and cell-culture passaging to decrease their virulence (attenuation). Since 1970, advances in immunology, cell subunit purification, and recombinant-DNA genetic engineering have enabled antigen-specific vaccines. During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, mRNA and DNA-based vaccines were introduced. Vaccinating with ex vivo-antigen-loaded autologous dendritic cells (DC) is appealing because DCs rapidly induce an adaptive immune response by circumventing the need for in vivo antigen-presenting cells to migrate to the injection site to load antigens. DC vaccines against HIV/AIDS, hepatitis B, and Herpes simplex have yielded encouraging results. During the SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 pandemic, DC vaccines emerged as a viable vaccine platform against infectious diseases.},
}

Humans
*Dendritic Cells/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
*Vaccinology/methods
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Animals
Vaccines, DNA/immunology

@article {pmid41268373,
year = {2025},
author = {Calleja-Conde, J and Echeverry-Alzate, V and Sánchez-Diez, S and Giné, E and Bühler, KM},
title = {Severe alcohol use and COVID-19: implications for physical and mental health.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychiatry},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1640207},
pmid = {41268373},
issn = {1664-0640},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed and intensified the vulnerability of individuals with pre-existing medical and behavioral conditions, notably those related to substance use. Among these, chronic alcohol consumption represents a clinically significant, yet often under-addressed, vulnerability factor that may exacerbate both the acute severity and long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This narrative review examines the biological and clinical intersections between alcohol use and COVID-19, focusing on shared mechanisms of immune dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and disruption of the gut-brain axis. We synthesize current findings showing that both conditions compromise innate and adaptive immune responses, alter cytokine signaling, and weaken mucosal and blood-brain barriers. These changes contribute to cognitive and emotional dysregulation and may increase the risk of persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms, including those observed in Long COVID. In addition, we discuss how chronic alcohol use may alter host susceptibility to infection and affect the immune response to vaccination, with implications for treatment outcomes and recovery. Our findings highlight the need to integrate alcohol use disorder into COVID-19 risk assessments, clinical management, and long-term mental health care planning. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to address the overlapping biological pathways that link alcohol-related vulnerability to COVID-19 outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid41268099,
year = {2025},
author = {Kundu, A and Feore, A and Abu-Zarour, N and Sanchez, S and Sutton, M and Sachdeva, K and Seth, S and Schwartz, R and Chaiton, M},
title = {Evidence update on the respiratory health effects of vaping e-cigarettes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Tobacco induced diseases},
volume = {23},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41268099},
issn = {1617-9625},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: In this review, we aimed to explore whether nicotine e-cigarette or vaping product use impact respiratory health.

METHODS: We searched CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, PubMed and Cochrane library databases initially in January 2023 and updated the search in January 2024. We included peer-reviewed human, animal, cell/in vitro original studies published between July 2021 and December 2023 but excluded qualitative studies. Three types of e-cigarette exposure were examined: acute, short-to-medium term, and long-term.

RESULTS: We included 119 studies in the main analysis, and 5 in meta-analysis. Over half of the studies had low risk of bias. Non-smoker current vapers had higher incident risk of respiratory symptoms (relative risk, RR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.28-2.83) but statistically non-significant risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR=2.53; 95% CI: 0.96-6.67) compared to never users. They also had lower incident risk of respiratory symptoms compared to non-vaper current smokers (RR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.64-0.89) and dual users (dual use vs vaping, RR=1.26; 95% CI: 1.03-1.55). Dual users had higher risk of incidence of respiratory symptoms and prevalence of COPD compared to never users (RR=2.53; 95% CI: 1.44-4.45 and RR=3.86; 95% CI: 1.49-10.02, respectively), and the risk was statistically similar to non-vaper current smokers (RR=0.97; 95% CI: 0.84-1.14 and RR=1.15; 95% CI: 1.00-1.33, respectively). All meta-analysis findings were of 'very low' to 'low' certainty evidence. Of the studies not included in meta-analysis, we found 'moderate' certainty evidence of higher risk of respiratory symptoms, COPD, asthma, lung inflammation and damage in non-smoker current vapers compared to non-users, inconsistent findings on the risk of COVID-19 and other respiratory infections, and no significant association with e-cigarette associated lung injury.

CONCLUSIONS: E-cigarettes are associated with harms to the respiratory system. Further longitudinal research with special attention to measuring effects in different e-cigarette user populations are warranted.},
}

@article {pmid41267794,
year = {2025},
author = {Mankayi, E and Chiliza, TE and Mvubu, NE},
title = {Novel Strategies to Profile SARS-CoV-2 and Human Lung Proteome: Inflammatory Pathways in the Spotlight.},
journal = {BioMed research international},
volume = {2025},
number = {},
pages = {5571277},
pmid = {41267794},
issn = {2314-6141},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/metabolism/virology/immunology ; *SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; *Proteome/metabolism ; *Lung/metabolism/virology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Proteomics/methods ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, has caused widespread morbidity and mortality worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 infection triggers innate and adaptive immune responses, but excessive cytokine release can drive hyperinflammation, acute respiratory distress syndrome and poor clinical outcomes. Although serological and molecular assays, such as ELISA and RT-qPCR, remain central to COVID-19 diagnostics, they have limited capacity to reveal host-pathogen interactions at the tissue level. Therefore, profiling the human lung proteome offers a powerful strategy to identify molecular signatures associated with viral pathogenesis and disease severity. This review emphasises emerging technologies that advance lung proteome profiling during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Novel strategies include phage display for high-throughput identification of antibody-antigen interactions, yeast two-hybrid for mapping virus-host protein interactions and lateral flow immunoassays for rapid, point-of-care detection. Conversely, omics-based technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing, microarrays and mass spectrometry are transforming our understanding of the lung proteome by revealing patterns of gene expression, protein abundance and immune heterogeneity. Therefore, comparing these conventional diagnostic assays with innovative approaches, we highlight their unique contributions to lung proteome research. These tools not only improve diagnostic precision but also hold the potential to uncover biomarkers for early risk stratification and therapeutic targeting. Prioritising integrative proteome-focused strategies may ultimately guide personalised interventions and enhance preparedness for future viral outbreaks.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/metabolism/virology/immunology
*SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
*Proteome/metabolism
*Lung/metabolism/virology
Inflammation/metabolism
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Proteomics/methods

@article {pmid41267747,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhou, X and Zhang, M and Hu, K},
title = {Research Trends in Health-Related Quality of Life Among Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Survivors Between 2013 and 2024: A Bibliometric Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare},
volume = {18},
number = {},
pages = {7459-7470},
pmid = {41267747},
issn = {1178-2390},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To analyze and summarize research hotspots and development trends in the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients undergoing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), providing a reference for future studies on survivor outcomes.

METHODS: Articles published between 2013 and 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOS viewer was used to assess contributions by countries, institutions, and authors in ECMO-related research. Collaboration networks, trending topics, and keyword patterns were analyzed using VOS viewer and Pajek.

RESULTS: A total of 164 publications from 22 countries were included, accumulating 2870 citations overall. Research on ECMO patients' health-related quality of life demonstrated an annual growth rate of approximately 15% over the past decade. The United States, Germany, and Australia were the primary contributors. High-frequency keywords included outcomes, survivors, and ARDS, with COVID-19 emerging prominently from 2020 to 2024.

CONCLUSION: This bibliometric analysis, the first to focus specifically on ECMO survivors' HRQoL, demonstrates steady progress in the field. The analysis highlights three major research hotspots: survivor outcomes, rehabilitation strategies, and the impact of COVID-19, offering concrete insights into evolving directions and areas requiring future investigation.},
}

@article {pmid41267648,
year = {2025},
author = {Stenger, H and Oo, PP and Gan, CCR and Davies, SE and True, J},
title = {Impact of Social, Political, and Environmental Events on Violence Against Women in the Indo-Pacific.},
journal = {Trauma, violence & abuse},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {15248380251381819},
doi = {10.1177/15248380251381819},
pmid = {41267648},
issn = {1552-8324},
abstract = {The Indo-Pacific region faces frequent and intense social, political, and environmental events (herein described as shocks), including conflicts, health emergencies, economic crises, and disasters, that can increase the risk of violence against women (VAW). Yet the region is underrepresented in global research that examines the impact of these events on VAW. This scoping review identifies and analyses published peer-reviewed literature on the impact of shocks on patterns of VAW in the Indo-Pacific region between 1993 and 2024. Our review includes 203 studies from 5 databases comprising books, research articles, and chapters. Health emergencies, particularly COVID-19, accounted for the largest portion of shocks studied, followed by armed conflict and earthquakes. The findings indicate that social, political, and environmental events consistently heighten all forms of VAW, especially domestic violence, intimate partner violence, and sexual violence. The review found limited research across the region with 7 countries (of 46) informing the majority of studies: These countries were not necessarily those countries most affected by these events however. Based on these main findings, we argue that localized research on the impacts of these events on VAW is urgently needed to inform gender-responsive policies that can enhance preparedness and protection in the most affected communities.},
}

@article {pmid41267613,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, R and Naeem, MA},
title = {COVID-19 Pandemic: A Comprehensive Meta-Review of Global Impacts, Responses, and Future Preparedness.},
journal = {The clinical respiratory journal},
volume = {19},
number = {11},
pages = {e70134},
doi = {10.1111/crj.70134},
pmid = {41267613},
issn = {1752-699X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology ; *Global Health ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Public Health ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 has initiated historically unparalleled global health, social, and economic impacts. Syntheses of the multivariable interdependent effects on the multiple clinical, immunologic, psychosocial, and health service realms are required to guide current and future public health preparedness and policy.

METHODS: A systematic review of a meta-analysis was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases from December 2019 to 2025 to identify observational studies and randomized controlled trials. Quantitative reporting studies of COVID-19 outcomes were included. Random-effects model aggregated effect sizes were estimated and tested for heterogeneity with Cochran's Q, τ[2], and I[2]. Subgroup, moderator, publication bias, sensitivity, and leave-one-out analyses were conducted for exploration and validation.

RESULTS: Twenty-four studies were classified into three categories: clinical outcomes (15 studies), immunogenicity (4 studies), and psychosocial/health service outcomes (5 studies). There was no statistically significant pooled effect (effect ratio 0.95, 95% CI: 0.55-1.62) with severe heterogeneity (I[2] > 99%). Immunogenicity showed a statistically significant positive effect (pooled estimate 0.77, 95% CI: 0.38-1.16) with high heterogeneity (I[2] ~96%). Psychosocial effects were highly heterogeneous with non-significant overall effects (estimate -1.03, 95% CI: -5.74 to 3.69). Sample size was an influential moderator that explained significant between-group heterogeneity.

DISCUSSION: The outcomes reveal robust immunogenic vaccine impacts and indeterminate psychosocial and clinical impacts, consistent with the heterogeneity and complexity of COVID-19 effects. Great heterogeneity highlights methodological standardization and cautious interpretation. This present meta-analysis offers key lessons to guide subsequent study design and manufacture of fair health policy and pandemic readiness.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control/psychology
*Global Health
*Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
Public Health

@article {pmid41267122,
year = {2025},
author = {da Costa Correia, A and Ribeiro, F and Amorim, FF and Giusti, PR and Peccin, MS and Imoto, AM},
title = {Effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training and multicomponent physical training in patients with post-COVID conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {230},
pmid = {41267122},
issn = {2046-4053},
support = {00064-00000330/2023-73//Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências de Saúde/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/rehabilitation ; *Breathing Exercises/methods ; *Dyspnea/etiology/rehabilitation/therapy ; *Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology ; *Fatigue/etiology/rehabilitation/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is evidence that fatigue and dyspnea are among the most frequently reported symptoms of post-COVID condition. Therefore, several studies have investigated respiratory muscle or global peripheral muscle training as strategies to manage those symptoms. Despite evidence of potential benefits, conflicting results persist due to the heterogeneity of rehabilitation protocols and assessment tools. Thereby, the objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training and multicomponent physical training in adults with dyspnea and fatigue for at least 12 weeks after COVID-19.

METHOD: A search was conducted in September 2024, in the Cochrane Library (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), EMBASE, PubMed/MEDLINE, PEDro, Lilacs/BVS, Web of Science, Scopus, and Epistemonikos databases. The inclusion criteria were randomized clinical trials published in any language that evaluated the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle training and multicomponent physical training to improve fatigue, dyspnea, and/or physical function in adults with persistent post-COVID symptoms. The risk of bias of the included studies and the certainty of the evidence were assessed using the RoB 2 and GRADE tools, respectively.

RESULTS: After the screening process, seven randomized clinical trials were included. The total number of participants included in the studies was 449. Inspiratory muscle training significantly improved inspiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiratory pressure) (MD = 22.70; 95% CI: 13.78 to 31.62), and cardiopulmonary capacity (V ˙ O2max) (MD = 4.49; 95% CI: 3.35 to 5.62). Multicomponent physical training significantly improved the upper and lower body muscle strength through the handgrip strength (MD = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.68 to 4.42), sit-to-stand test (MD = 3.55; 95% CI: 1.61 to 5.49), and timed up and go test (MD = - 1.13; 95% CI: - 1.49 to - 0.77) and the physical functioning were assessed through post-COVID-19 functional scale (MD = - 0.64; 95% CI: - 1.13 to - 0.16) and physical aspects through SF-12 and SF-36 (SMD = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.29 to 1.15). No adverse events were reported among participants in the physical training group, and treatment adherence ranged from 78 to 100%.

CONCLUSION: Inspiratory muscle training improved cardiorespiratory outcomes, while multicomponent physical training improved muscle strength, physical functioning, and fatigue. Both types of training improve physical functioning. The certainty of evidence for the outcomes evaluated was low.

PROSPERO (CRD42023451057).},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/rehabilitation
*Breathing Exercises/methods
*Dyspnea/etiology/rehabilitation/therapy
*Respiratory Muscles/physiopathology
*Fatigue/etiology/rehabilitation/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

@article {pmid41267112,
year = {2025},
author = {Oxman, AD and Selstø, A and Helleve, A and Fretheim, A and Julin, CH and Holst, C and Rose, CJ and Munthe-Kaas, H and Elgersma, IH and Moberg, J and Bjørbæk, M and Elstrøm, P and Solberg, RB and Rosenbaum, SE and Flottorp, S and Bruun, T and Gopinathan, U},
title = {Informed decisions about public health and social measures.},
journal = {Health research policy and systems},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {153},
pmid = {41267112},
issn = {1478-4505},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Public Health ; *Decision Making ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Communication ; Community Participation ; Health Policy ; },
abstract = {Evidence, communication, critical thinking and participation are the cornerstones of informed decisions. In this article we discuss each of these in relation to decisions about public health and social measures (PHSM) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and implications for future research. Reliable research evidence of the effects of interventions is particularly important for decisions about what to do because it provides the best basis for estimating the wanted and unwanted effects of doing something. There was little reliable research of the effects of PHSM during the pandemic. For research evidence to be useful to decision-makers, it must be effectively communicated, including how sure we can be about effects or other research findings. Research evidence is essential for making informed decisions, but it is not sufficient. Decision-makers and those affected by the decision must be able to think critically about what to believe and what to do. Many people lack competences and dispositions for thinking critically about PHSM or other interventions. Judgements about PHSM require democratic input, not just expert input. However, there was little public participation in deliberative or decision-making processes about PHSM during the pandemic. There are important uncertainties about the effects of PHSM, how to effectively communicate decisions and evidence about PHSM, how to foster critical thinking about PHSM and how to effectively engage the public in deliberative and decision-making processes about PHSM. Pandemic research and preparedness planning should address those uncertainties.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Public Health
*Decision Making
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Communication
Community Participation
Health Policy

@article {pmid41267076,
year = {2025},
author = {Salahi Ardekani, O and Sajedifar, M and Letafati, A and Ashtiani, AJ and Jazayeri, SM},
title = {Risk factors associated with mental health symptoms among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in EMRO countries: a systematic review.},
journal = {BMC health services research},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {1501},
pmid = {41267076},
issn = {1472-6963},
}

@article {pmid41266015,
year = {2026},
author = {Lushniak, L and Jowell, A and Garbarino, S and Wilder, J},
title = {Disparities in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease.},
journal = {Clinics in liver disease},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {185-193},
doi = {10.1016/j.cld.2025.09.006},
pmid = {41266015},
issn = {1557-8224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology/ethnology/therapy ; *Healthcare Disparities ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Health Status Disparities ; *Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/adverse effects ; United States/epidemiology ; Liver Transplantation ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Sex Factors ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Alcohol-associated liver disease has always been a significant health issue. During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there were higher rates of alcohol consumption, and these higher rates have persisted after pandemic. Given the significance of alcohol-associated liver disease, this article contextualizes disparities in alcohol-associated liver disease related to gender, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. This article identifies a need for high-quality research on alcohol-associated liver disease, embedding of alcohol cessation metrics into hepatology quality measures, and colocation of social/psychosocial and addiction medicine resources into hepatology clinics as means of mitigating disparities and their impact on alcohol-associated liver disease and liver transplantation.},
}

Humans
*Liver Diseases, Alcoholic/epidemiology/ethnology/therapy
*Healthcare Disparities
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Health Status Disparities
*Alcohol Drinking/epidemiology/adverse effects
United States/epidemiology
Liver Transplantation
Socioeconomic Factors
Sex Factors
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41265758,
year = {2025},
author = {Torrisi, SA and Geraci, F and Diolosà, L and De Luca, A and Falzone, L and Drago, F and Libra, M and Leggio, GM},
title = {RNA-based drugs: current, imminent and possible therapeutic applications.},
journal = {Pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {108958},
doi = {10.1016/j.pharmthera.2025.108958},
pmid = {41265758},
issn = {1879-016X},
abstract = {In a relatively brief period, the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines have saved millions of lives and have considerably contributed to return to normality after the pandemic. More broadly, the development of RNA-based drugs represents a real paradigm shift with promising therapeutic applications. Besides their safety and efficacy, RNA-based drugs are basically easily designed and manufactured and may therefore be cost effective. At the pharmacological level, the development of RNA-based drugs marks a breakthrough because these drugs can reach previously "undruggable" pharmacological targets. This clearly represents a step toward the possible establishment of personalized treatments for several difficult-to-treat diseases. This review provides an updated, critical, and comprehensive pharmacological analysis of the current RNA therapeutics landscape, including both approved RNA-based drugs and key investigational candidates. We summarize the state of clinical progress, highlighting pharmacological mechanisms, challenges in drug delivery, tolerability, and clinical outcomes. Our comprehensive overview emphasizes the versatility of RNA-based drugs, illustrating their therapeutic application across various diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, metabolic, rare genetic, and infectious diseases. Also, we uniquely explore the concept of RNA-based drugs repurposing, which may leverage shared pathophysiological mechanisms across diseases to accelerate clinical impact.},
}

@article {pmid41265491,
year = {2025},
author = {Gagnon, J and Naïmi, M and Bergeron, F and Longtin, Y and Villeneuve, J and Boudaoud, K and Jolicoeur-Ouellette, D and Xu, HH and Cormier, É and Guertin, JR and Marx, T and Adadja, J and Bluteau, A and Berthelot, S},
title = {Effectiveness of using full personal protective equipment in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers: a systematic review.},
journal = {American journal of infection control},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajic.2025.11.013},
pmid = {41265491},
issn = {1527-3296},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to assess the effectiveness of full personal protective equipment (PPE) in preventing COVID-19 transmission among healthcare workers.

METHODS: Studies published from December 2019 to August 2024 were searched in MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Epistemonikos, ClinicalTrials.gov, MedRxiv, and Web of Science. Observational and experimental studies in any language were eligible. Full PPE was defined as the combination of respiratory protection (surgical mask, N95, or equivalents), eye protection (visor or goggles), gown, and gloves, as recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). The comparator was partial PPE or no PPE. Two reviewers independently performed screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD4202230259).

RESULTS: Eight observational studies were included; four showed a significant reduction in viral transmission with full PPE. Seven studies compared full to partial PPE, and one compared full PPE to no protection. Among studies with significant results, odds ratios ranged from 0.03 to 0.6. Risk of bias was critical in six studies and serious in two. No meta-analysis was performed due to study quality DISCUSSION: Full PPE appears protective for healthcare workers. However, the small number and low quality of studies limit the certainty of this conclusion. Further analyses are required to establish clear guideline for its use.},
}

@article {pmid41264992,
year = {2025},
author = {Mohammed, A and Ibrahim, NA and Basher, NS},
title = {Innovations and challenges in vaccine development: Lessons from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and prospects.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {792},
number = {},
pages = {152947},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.152947},
pmid = {41264992},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Vaccination stands as one of the most significant achievements in public health, dramatically reducing the incidence of infectious diseases worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has catalyzed revolutionary advancements in vaccinology, particularly through the rapid development of mRNA and viral vector technologies that enable fast and effective immunization against emerging pathogens. This review highlights the progress in these innovative platforms while addressing the multifaceted challenges, including the critical interplay between outbreak dynamics and vaccine development timelines, which result in safety and efficacy profile challenges, disparities in vaccine access for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and complex logistical considerations. Despite the potential of cutting-edge approaches such as nanoparticle-based vaccines, integration of artificial intelligence (AI), issues related to immunogenicity, safety, and public trust remain pressing and necessitate immediate attention. The review highlights the urgent need for adaptable regulatory frameworks that can evolve in response to scientific advancements, and underscores the importance of collaborative global initiatives in addressing disparities in vaccine distribution. By integrating insights from these innovative technologies and the challenges they present, this article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current landscape in vaccine development, informing future public health strategies and enhancing global preparedness for emerging infectious diseases.},
}

@article {pmid41249967,
year = {2025},
author = {Schöne, C and Sauter, M and Backé, EM and Prigge, M and Brendler, C and Hegewald, J},
title = {The impact of working from home on sedentary behaviour and physical activity compared to onsite work in the working population: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {3963},
pmid = {41249967},
issn = {1471-2458},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sedentary behaviour (SB) and the lack of physical activity (PA) are associated with negative health outcomes. Among desk-based workers, sitting at work contributes substantially to the daily time spent sedentary. Working environment can influence SB. Thus, we aimed to investigate the evidence on the impact of working from home/teleworking (WFH), which is now a common working environment versus working onsite on SB and PA.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review comparing SB and PA of workers WFH compared to onsite work. We searched Pubmed, Embase and SPORTDiscus (last search: June 2025). At least two reviewers independently screened the studies and rated the of risk of bias based on adapted existing tools. We included studies on adult workers, which at least part-time WFH with comparison group working onsite, reporting SB or/and PA-outcomes per workday/work time. Data extraction was done by one reviewer and checked by two reviewers. Results were described qualitatively and random-effect meta-analyses for daily sedentary time (ST), sitting breaks, and steps were performed.

RESULTS: We included 38 studies (from 42 articles, with n = 282,264 subjects) comparing WFH and onsite work. Four of these studies were rated as having a “low” risk of bias. SB was described in 23 studies (with n = 209,267 subjects). A meta-analysis of studies reporting quantitative results suggests an increase in ST of 31 min (95% CI 14 to 48; I[2] = 57.5%; 7 studies) during work hours when WFH. PA was described in 36 studies (with n = 270,617 subjects), and the meta-analysis found a decrease in daily steps of 2564 (mean difference: − 2564; 95% CI -3809 to -1320, 289; I[2] = 91.4%; 7 studies) when WFH.

CONCLUSION: We found SB tends to increase and daily steps tend to decrease when WFH compared to onsite work. Studies of PA varied in their methods and results, and few studies measured movement. As most of the studies (n = 31) were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, that may have influenced the results. Nevertheless, workplace interventions that aim to reduce SB and promote PA need to be adapted to the home working environment.

REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42022349442.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-025-24960-x.},
}

@article {pmid41263792,
year = {2025},
author = {Tokarska-Domżałowicz, W and Zdżalik-Bielecka, D},
title = {[At the intersection of immunology and oncology: TAM receptors in the regulation of immune responses and tumorigenesis-related processes].},
journal = {Postepy biochemii},
volume = {71},
number = {3},
pages = {238-251},
doi = {10.18388/pb.2021_619},
pmid = {41263792},
issn = {0032-5422},
mesh = {Humans ; *Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism ; *Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors ; Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase/immunology/metabolism ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism/immunology ; *Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology/metabolism ; Immunity, Innate ; Protein S/metabolism/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; },
abstract = {TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (TYRO3, AXL, MER) and their ligands, protein S (PROS1) and growth inhibition-specific protein 6 (GAS6), play a key role in maintaining homeostasis and regulating the immune response through involvement in efferocytosis, i.e., phagocytic removal of apoptotic cells and suppression of the innate immune response. Thus, their dysfunction leads, among others, to the development of autoimmune diseases. In turn, excessive production of TAM receptors correlates with the invasive phenotype of cancer cells, metastasis, drug resistance, and poor prognosis for patients with cancer. Moreover, activation of these receptors contributes to the promotion of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and evading the immune response by cancer cells. Interestingly, recent studies suggest that these receptors are also involved in the cellular entry of viruses such as Zika or SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, in recent years, various therapeutic strategies targeting TAM receptors have been intensively developed, and their effectiveness has been assessed in numerous preclinical and clinical studies.},
}

Humans
*Neoplasms/immunology/metabolism
*Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/immunology/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors
Axl Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
c-Mer Tyrosine Kinase/immunology/metabolism
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/metabolism/immunology
*Proto-Oncogene Proteins/immunology/metabolism
Immunity, Innate
Protein S/metabolism/immunology
COVID-19/immunology

@article {pmid41262872,
year = {2025},
author = {Lv, X and Ji, L and Cao, W and Xue, Y and Dai, H and Zhang, S},
title = {Revisiting lung cancer immunotherapy in the era of long COVID: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1657691},
pmid = {41262872},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; *Lung Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {In the post-COVID-19 era, understanding the long-term impact of Long COVID on the immune system is essential for deciphering its influence on lung cancer pathogenesis and immunotherapeutic efficacy. This review comprehensively examines how persistent COVID-19 sequelae-manifested as chronic inflammation, pulmonary fibrosis, cytokine dysregulation, and T-cell exhaustion can reshape the lung cancer microenvironment. In addition, the emerging roles of memory B cells and altered neutrophil function in promoting tumorigenesis are discussed. Importantly, we analyze recent clinical evidence suggesting that COVID-19 vaccination may enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, potentially by modulating host immunity. By integrating mechanistic insights with clinical observations, this review aims to illuminate the challenges and opportunities at the intersection of Long COVID and lung cancer treatment, thereby fostering the development of personalized therapeutic strategies in the post-pandemic era.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
*Immunotherapy/methods
*Lung Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use

@article {pmid41262458,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Z and Gao, Y and Wang, S and Li, X and Cao, W and Deng, W and Yao, L and Wei, X and Zhang, Z and Wang, S and Zhang, Y and Li, M and Xie, Y},
title = {Application progress and biosafety challenges of gene editing and synthetic biotechnology in diagnosis, treatment and prevention of infectious diseases.},
journal = {Biosafety and health},
volume = {7},
number = {5},
pages = {312-322},
pmid = {41262458},
issn = {2590-0536},
abstract = {Global infectious disease prevention faces escalating challenges due to the continual emergence of novel pathogens and rapid viral mutations. Synthetic biology has revolutionized this field by enabling precise diagnostics, innovative vaccine platforms, and targeted therapeutics, yet it simultaneously raises concerns regarding dual-use potential, biosafety, and ethical governance. This systematic review (2015-2025, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus) focuses on CRISPR-based diagnostics, synthetic vaccines, and engineered probiotics. CRISPR/Cas systems such as DETECTR (Cas12a) and SHERLOCK (Cas13a) demonstrate high sensitivity and rapid pathogen detection (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, Ebola), but their misuse could enhance pathogen virulence or enable bioweapon development. mRNA and viral vector vaccines offer flexible and rapid responses to emerging infections but encounter limitations in molecular stability, delivery system toxicity, and ecological safety. Engineered probiotics, designed as "living therapeutics," can detect pathogens and modulate immune responses, yet pose potential risks of horizontal gene transfer and host-specific variability. Overall, while synthetic biology provides transformative tools for infectious disease control, it necessitates robust global regulatory frameworks, standardized biosafety practices, and ethical oversight to ensure responsible and sustainable application.},
}

@article {pmid41260170,
year = {2025},
author = {Martins, AJE and Dos Santos, TP and Santos, WGS and Triozzi, E and Moraes-Vieira, PM},
title = {Host immunometabolic regulation through viral sensing pathways.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {88},
number = {},
pages = {102683},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2025.102683},
pmid = {41260170},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {Viruses are intracellular pathogens that have profoundly influenced biological evolution and continue to threaten global health through outbreaks such as influenza and COVID-19. Their ability to evade host immunity stems from evolutionary adaptations that manipulate cellular defense mechanisms. A critical aspect of virus-host interactions involves cellular receptors, which facilitate viral entry and trigger immune signaling. Among these, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and other proteins serve as key sensors of viral components, coordinating immune responses while reprogramming host metabolism to sustain antiviral defenses. However, many viruses hijack these metabolic changes to enhance replication, evade immune surveillance, or dysregulate cytokine production. This review explores how host cell virus-sensitive proteins, particularly PRRs and metabolically active proteins, modulate cellular metabolism during infection, shaping immune outcomes and revealing potential therapeutic targets for antiviral intervention.},
}

@article {pmid41259568,
year = {2025},
author = {Santos, BJ and Nascimento, EAND and Reis, LOD and Lima, JB and Lima, BB and Ramos, LFP},
title = {Neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in pediatric patients: a systematic review.},
journal = {Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo},
volume = {43},
number = {},
pages = {e2024293},
doi = {10.1590/1984-0462/2025/43/2024293},
pmid = {41259568},
issn = {1984-0462},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Child ; *Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology ; Adolescent ; Child, Preschool ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review to identify neurological symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 in patients aged zero to 19 years, highlighting the main symptoms and addressing the existing gap in age range coverage in current studies.

DATA SOURCE: This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews - PROSPERO (CRD42024520151) and adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses - PRISMA (2020) guidelines. Observational and interventional studies, including randomized clinical trials, investigating neurological manifestations in children and adolescents with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. Searches were conducted in the United States National Library of Medicine/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (PubMed/MEDLINE), Cochrane Library, and Virtual Health Library (VHL) using Health Science Descriptors/Medical Subject Headings (DeCS/MeSH) terms in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, covering January 2020 to January 2024.

DATA SYNTHESIS: The search identified 1283 records, of which 302 were excluded (outside of scope), 688 were removed after title/abstract screening, and 95 duplicates were discarded. Fulltext analysis of 198 articles resulted in the selection of 25 eligible studies. The most frequently reported neurological manifestations included seizures, headache, altered levels of consciousness, olfactory and gustatory disturbances, encephalopathy, and acute cerebrovascular diseases.

CONCLUSIONS: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 in children are relatively common, ranging from mild symptoms such as headache and taste/smell disturbances to severe complications like seizures, stroke, altered consciousness, and encephalopathy. Prevalence varies across studies, underscoring the need for further research to clarify underlying mechanisms.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
Child
*Nervous System Diseases/virology/etiology
Adolescent
Child, Preschool
Infant
Infant, Newborn
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41258672,
year = {2025},
author = {Oquendo, MA and Barrigon, ML and Baca-Garcia, E},
title = {Psychiatry at the turn of the century and a vision for future developments.},
journal = {International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/09540261.2025.2591200},
pmid = {41258672},
issn = {1369-1627},
abstract = {From 1995 to 2025, psychiatry evolved from a primarily syndromic discipline toward a field increasingly shaped by neuroscience, digital technology, globalization, and shifting social expectations surrounding mental health. This transformation included major advances in diagnostic frameworks, brain imaging and genomics, psychopharmacology, evidence-based psychotherapies, and global mental health initiatives. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the adoption of telepsychiatry and exposed critical gaps in mental health infrastructure, while growing recognition of health disparities brought social determinants and equity to the forefront of research and clinical priorities.},
}

@article {pmid41262109,
year = {2025},
author = {Lawrason, S and Manley, Z and Lomness, A and Hole, R},
title = {Remote support for individuals with intellectual disabilities living independently: a scoping review.},
journal = {International journal of developmental disabilities},
volume = {71},
number = {7},
pages = {953-970},
pmid = {41262109},
issn = {2047-3877},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this project was to conduct a scoping review to understand factors related to remote support provision among individuals with intellectual disabilities in independent living.

METHODS: A systematic search was employed among eight large databases, yielding 207 articles. Following a two-phase screening process, 22 articles were included in this review. Data were charted and summarized according to types of remote support, outcomes, best practices, barriers and facilitators, and ethical considerations.

RESULTS: Overall, remote support provision was associated with positive outcomes (e.g. academic skills). Most studies used mobile apps or video self-modeling/prompting. Training for support workers facilitates use, and privacy concerns should be addressed among organizations.

DISCUSSION: Given the shift to online technology over the Covid-19 pandemic, remote support can complement in-person support when used skillfully and appropriately. Importantly, remote support should be individualized for each person. Greater research is needed using diverse study designs, assessing perceptions of support providers, and on remote support that enables live communication between users and providers.},
}

@article {pmid41258629,
year = {2025},
author = {Asiama, RK},
title = {An econometric examination of vaccine hesitancy among residents and their dependents in urban Ghana.},
journal = {Health economics review},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {100},
pmid = {41258629},
issn = {2191-1991},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Vaccine hesitancy among the population raises concern for health policymakers because it threatens the attainment of herd immunity, which is necessary to keep the society healthy and manage public health spending. However, a problem arises when there is hesitancy by economic agents and their dependents, even when the resource is freely available. This policy problem is analyzed in the context of Ghana's major urban area, Accra, where a cross-section of urban parents are surveyed regarding vaccine hesitancy and whether it extends to their children, with special reference to the COVID-19 vaccine.

METHODOLOGY: Data on preferences of residents regarding the choice for their dependents to receive the vaccine gathered in 2022. The data was obtained through a cross-sectional online survey of 2000 urban parents in Accra, Ghana. The paper estimates logit and probit regression models and their associated marginal effects to examine the willingness of respondents to allow their children to take the vaccine and the extent of influence of attitudinal and demographic characteristics of respondents.

FINDINGS: The results first show that urban respondents who had tested for COVID-19, taken the vaccine and were willing to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine are more likely to allow their children to take the vaccine. More so, urban respondents concerned about age group vulnerability of their children, not suffering permanently health conditions, and being infected by others are also more likely to allow their children to take the COVID-19 vaccine.

PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Based on the findings, this paper recommends to policymakers to strengthen education efforts, with special encouragement for parents to get their children vaccinated. Vaccines are meant to provide immunity to the populace and its hesitancy among the population sets back the public health objective of achieving herd immunity and building a robust pharmaceutical industry while increasing the risk of poor public services and higher public health spending.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This paper offers a novel lens on the sustainability of public health expenditure by examining vaccine hesitancy during a pandemic that caught populations unprepared and distrustful. Using evidence from urban Ghana, it shows how reluctance to accept free vaccines reveals the hidden social costs and governance gaps in public health delivery-an overlooked dimension in discussions of health financing in developing countries.},
}

@article {pmid41258470,
year = {2025},
author = {Oh, DY and Hölzer, M and Börnigen, D and Paraskevopoulou, S and Duwe, S and Budt, M and Kerber, R and Mikolajewska, A and Böttcher, S and Seifried, J and Haas, W and Dürrwald, R and Fuchs, S and Kröger, S and von Kleist, M and Wolff, T and Mielke, M and , },
title = {A public health perspective of SARS-CoV-2 evolution and surveillance strategies in Germany from 2020 to 2023.},
journal = {Communications medicine},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
pages = {468},
pmid = {41258470},
issn = {2730-664X},
support = {D82015, sub-projects C1.1 and C.1.2//Bundesministerium für Gesundheit (Federal Ministry of Health, Germany)/ ; ECDC/HERA/2021/008 ECD.12222//European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)/ ; 101113012//European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)/ ; },
abstract = {This review summarizes key virological parameters of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical spectrum of COVID-19, antiviral options, resistance, and the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during the first four years of the pandemic. It draws on evidence that has been continuously updated throughout the pandemic by the interdisciplinary working group 'SARS-CoV-2 Diagnostics and Evolution' at Robert Koch Institute (RKI), Germany's national public health institute. We describe basic SARS-CoV-2 characteristics and highlight notable virus variants from 2020 to mid-2023. During this period, the nationwide collection of SARS-CoV-2 genomes provided a substantial resource for monitoring viral lineage frequencies and mutations. We summarize this dataset to underscore the importance of virological surveillance in the context of public health and pandemic preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid41255507,
year = {2025},
author = {Ibraheem, N and Mohamed, M and Abdelglil, M and Hasan, MR and Rahman, ME},
title = {Telemedicine-Based Virtual Stone Clinics for Renal Colic: Cost-Benefit Insights and Adoption Barriers.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {17},
number = {11},
pages = {e97028},
pmid = {41255507},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Telemedicine in urology has gained substantial attention, accelerating in adoption due to the COVID-19 pandemic and its potential to bridge significant gaps in healthcare access, particularly given that 62% of U.S. counties lack a urologist. This narrative review outlines its applications, cost benefits, and adoption barriers. Studies demonstrate high patient satisfaction, especially for postoperative consultations and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tracking. Virtual care is highly effective for managing conditions like nephrolithiasis and benign ureteric colic; one quality improvement study focusing on ureteric colic successfully avoided 71.1% of face-to-face follow-ups while maintaining high safety and patient satisfaction (93.1%). The financial advantages are significant, with virtual stone clinics reducing waiting times and saving patients an average of $147 to $186 per visit by minimizing travel costs and time away from work. Despite these benefits, widespread adoption faces hurdles. Key challenges include a lack of patient trust in virtual sessions compared to in-person care, particularly among minority groups. Furthermore, technological barriers, such as inadequate digital literacy and a lack of broadband access, disproportionately affect elderly and ethnic minority populations, which risks exacerbating existing health disparities. Telemedicine is also limited by its unsuitability for conditions requiring a physical examination. Addressing these obstacles is essential to ensuring virtual care remains an affordable and equitable component of future healthcare.},
}

@article {pmid41254919,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Liu, X and Guo, Z and Lai, L and Bryant, RA and Zhang, T and Song, H and Mi, T and Ren, Z},
title = {Comparative Efficacy and Attrition Rates of Psychosocial Interventions for Individuals Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Network Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress},
volume = {41},
number = {6},
pages = {e70124},
doi = {10.1002/smi.70124},
pmid = {41254919},
issn = {1532-2998},
support = {22&ZD187//Major Program of the National Social Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Network Meta-Analysis as Topic ; *Psychosocial Intervention/methods/statistics & numerical data ; *Stress, Psychological/therapy ; *Anxiety/therapy ; *Depression/therapy ; *Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data/psychology ; Yoga ; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ; *Psychotherapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {The comparative examination of psychosocial interventions' efficacy and attrition rates in addressing COVID-19's psychological consequences is still limited. This study examined the efficacy and attrition rates of psychosocial interventions among individuals impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Systematic searches were conducted to identify randomised controlled trials targeting COVID-19-affected groups. Data on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and stress, as well as attrition rates, were analysed using frequentist random-effects network meta-analyses. One hundred and forty-two studies with 20,470 participants were included. Emotional freedom technique, art-based therapy, stress management, mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention, positive psychotherapy, yoga therapy, and cognitive behavioural therapy showed significant effects in reducing anxiety symptoms compared with no treatment and treatment as usual. For depressive symptoms, positive psychotherapy, mindfulness- and acceptance-based intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy, and yoga therapy demonstrated significant superiority over no treatment or treatment as usual, with positive psychotherapy also outperforming expressive writing. Regarding stress symptoms, multi-component therapy and yoga therapy produced greater improvements than no treatment, and positive psychotherapy surpassed expressive writing. In terms of attrition rates, resilience training, art-based therapy and yoga therapy had higher dropout rates than no treatment and several other interventions. Sensitivity analyses yielded largely consistent results, confirming the robustness of the main findings. The confidence ranged from moderate to very low. Publication bias was not observed. This study illuminates and compares the efficacy and attrition rate of several psychosocial interventions in attenuating mental health symptoms among COVID-19-affected individuals. The impact of COVID-19 on people remains ongoing, and the findings of this study can also serve as a reference for selecting the best therapeutic options for mental health symptoms in future public health crises.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/psychology
Network Meta-Analysis as Topic
*Psychosocial Intervention/methods/statistics & numerical data
*Stress, Psychological/therapy
*Anxiety/therapy
*Depression/therapy
*Patient Dropouts/statistics & numerical data/psychology
Yoga
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
*Psychotherapy
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid41254751,
year = {2025},
author = {Rezoagli, E and Nova, A and Carteaux, G and Giani, M and Grieco, DL and Pettenuzzo, T and Lucchini, A and Navalesi, P and Antonelli, M and Foti, G and Bellani, G and Piquilloud, L},
title = {A clinical guide to non-invasive respiratory support in acute respiratory failure: ventilation settings, technical optimization and clinical indications.},
journal = {Critical care (London, England)},
volume = {29},
number = {1},
pages = {496},
pmid = {41254751},
issn = {1466-609X},
support = {Institutional funds//Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Noninvasive Ventilation/methods/standards ; COVID-19 ; *Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Non-invasive respiratory support including high flow nasal therapy (HFNT), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP), exerts distinct physiological effects and requires specific settings and technicalities. HFNT, delivered through dedicated nasal cannulas, provides low levels of positive airway pressure, anatomical dead space washout, allows good patient tolerance and can be used during CPAP or BiPAP breaks. CPAP and BiPAP, administered through various interfaces (e.g., facemasks, oro-nasal masks, or helmets), can deliver higher positive pressure, thereby increasing end-expiratory lung volume, reducing intrapulmonary shunt and oxygenation, with potential benefits on respiratory mechanics as well. BiPAP also delivers pressure support, aiding CO2 clearance and respiratory muscle unloading, which is especially useful in hypercapnic respiratory failure. Increased intrathoracic pressure also reduces right ventricle preload and left ventricle afterload, which is beneficial in patients with impaired left ventricular function. Non-invasive respiratory support indications depend on the cause of acute respiratory failure. In hypercapnic respiratory failure with respiratory acidosis, BiPAP via facemask is strongly recommended to prevent intubation and reduce mortality. In cardiogenic pulmonary edema, either CPAP or BiPAP is recommended, while HFNT can be useful for patients requiring prolonged support or when CPAP/BiPAP is not tolerated even after ventilator and interface settings optimization. In de-novo acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, HFNT should be considered as the first-line treatment, regardless of the aetiology: however, in COVID-19-related AHRF CPAP can be considered to avoid intubation. The choice of non-invasive respiratory support interface in both cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic AHRF should aim at minimizing leaks, optimizing CO2 clearance, and maximizing patient tolerance. Monitoring is essential during non-invasive respiratory support to assess patient's response to treatment and to avoid delaying invasive respiratory support when needed, particularly in hypoxemic patients to avoid intubation delays and prevent patient-self-inflicted lung injury: physiological parameters, clinical scores, and lung ultrasound may help assess the risk of NIV failure. Monitoring tidal volume is valuable but challenging because of leaks. Though not widely used, esophageal pressure monitoring can assess patient effort and transpulmonary pressure. Additionally, electrical impedance tomography is an emerging tool for detecting asynchronous breathing and pendelluft phenomena.},
}

Humans
*Noninvasive Ventilation/methods/standards
COVID-19
*Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/methods
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41254702,
year = {2025},
author = {Qin, J and Wang, G and Han, D},
title = {Methylprednisolone versus dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.},
journal = {Systematic reviews},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {228},
pmid = {41254702},
issn = {2046-4053},
mesh = {Humans ; *Dexamethasone/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; *Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Hospitalization ; COVID-19/mortality ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Length of Stay ; *Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review was to compare the efficacy of methylprednisolone and dexamethasone in severe COVID-19 hospitalized patients.

METHODS: We conducted systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and clinicaltrials.gov without language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of severe COVID-19 with methylprednisolone, compared with dexamethasone, were included. Findings were summarized as risk ratios (RR) and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework, categorized as "high," "moderate," "low," or "very low" quality.

RESULTS: Five RCTs (enrolling 1102 participants) met the inclusion criteria. There was no statistically significant difference in 28-day mortality (RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.14; GRADE = high), length of hospital stay (MD 0.67 days, 95% CI -1.77 to 3.10 days; moderate), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (RR 1.20, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.69; high), and invasive ventilation (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.42 to 1.79; high) between the two groups. Overall, using the GRADE framework, 3 pooled analyses were rated as high quality, with 1 rated as moderate quality.

CONCLUSIONS: Methylprednisolone demonstrated similar therapeutic effects compared to dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19.},
}

Humans
*Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
*Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Hospitalization
COVID-19/mortality
SARS-CoV-2
Length of Stay
*Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
*Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid41254586,
year = {2025},
author = {Amini-Rarani, M and Rezaei, S and Azami-Aghdash, S and Bashzar, S and Allahverdi, S and Mohseni, M},
title = {The prevalence of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic: an umbrella review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {4022},
pmid = {41254586},
issn = {1471-2458},
}

@article {pmid41254571,
year = {2025},
author = {Ma, K and Christensen, M and Turnbull, M},
title = {Comparative synthesis of sociocultural and political influences (SPIs) on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: an interdisciplinary systematic review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {4019},
pmid = {41254571},
issn = {1471-2458},
}

@article {pmid41253021,
year = {2025},
author = {Ilboudo, DP and Simpore, A and Sawadogo, J and Ouattara, AK and Ouedraogo, AR and Zongo, L and Yonli, AT and Zouré, AA and Zohoncon, TM and Djigma, FW and Obiri-Yeboah, D and Ouedraogo, CM and Simpore, J},
title = {Acceptance, hesitancy, and ethical challenges of the COVID-19 vaccine in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {69},
number = {},
pages = {127966},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127966},
pmid = {41253021},
issn = {1873-2518},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In light of the public health emergency brought about by the novel coronavirus, health authorities actively promoted vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The COVID-19 pandemic has brought to the forefront critical questions concerning individual freedoms and the right to consent or decline vaccination. To better anticipate and manage future epidemics, it is essential to engage in thoughtful philosophical and ethical reflection-particularly regarding the legitimacy and implications of vaccine passport policies.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa, identify reasons for refusal, and examine the ethical legitimacy of imposing a "green pass" for vaccination for foreign travel.

METHODS: A meta-analysis was conducted from January 2021 to April 2025 in sub-Saharan African countries, in five databases (PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, African Journal Online, and HINARI) to identify studies related to acceptance and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines in the general population and among healthcare professionals. This study was registered under the PROSPERO database (CRD420251060375) and used the PRISMA guidelines. The "proportional effect size" of acceptance and hesitancy was calculated using a random-effects meta-analysis with STATA 17 software. Funnel plots and Egger's tests were used to assess publication bias.

RESULTS: A total of 40 studies involving 107,478 participants across 23 African countries were included. The pooled rates of vaccine acceptance and hesitancy were, respectively: 54.73 [95 % CI: 50.54 %-58.89 %], and 34.96 % [95 % CI: 27.95 %-42.30 %]. Eastern Africa had the highest acceptance rate (60.44 %), and lower rate observed in West Africa (52.22 %). Reasons for hesitancy included misinformation, distrust of new vaccines, fear of side effects, suspicion of authorities, and opposition to mandatory vaccination certificates.

CONCLUSION: The pandemic has brought to the fore fundamental issues relating to the right to accept or refuse vaccination. To prepare for the management of future epidemics, it is necessary to reflect on the ethics of requiring a vaccine passport.},
}

@article {pmid41252782,
year = {2025},
author = {Minari, TP},
title = {Repercussions of racial, gender, and class inequities on food and nutrition conditions: Implications for public health.},
journal = {Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)},
volume = {142},
number = {},
pages = {112995},
doi = {10.1016/j.nut.2025.112995},
pmid = {41252782},
issn = {1873-1244},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Food and nutrition are shaped by power structures that perpetuate historical injustices. In marginalized and low-income contexts, racial, gender, and class inequities restrict access to adequate and culturally appropriate food, with serious public health impacts. These disparities are reinforced by colonial legacies, institutional racism, gender oppression, and neoliberal policies that commodify nourishment and erase traditional knowledge. This study examines how these intersecting oppressions shape global nutrition inequities and proposes transformative, justice-oriented approaches in public health.

METHODS: A critical review was conducted using an intersectional and decolonial framework informed by public health, sociology, feminist theory, and Southern epistemologies. Articles published between 2010 and 2025 were retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, SciELO, and Web of Science. A total of 46 studies of varying methodological designs were included in the final analysis.

RESULTS: Racialized poverty and structural racism are central drivers of food insecurity. Gendered care burdens and the feminization of food-related labor disproportionately affect marginalized women. Traditional and community-based food knowledge is often excluded from policy frameworks. Transgender and gender-diverse populations remain largely invisible in nutrition research. Obesity, malnutrition, and social inequality form a syndemic relationship, exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the fragility of social protection systems.

CONCLUSION: Recognizing food as a political and relational right is essential to advance social justice, epistemic diversity, and emancipatory futures. The findings underscore the urgency of transforming public health paradigms to confront structural determinants of malnutrition and obesity, promote food sovereignty, and center marginalized communities as co-creators of dignified and sustainable food systems.},
}

@article {pmid41251998,
year = {2026},
author = {Kouroutzis, I and Tzenetidis, V and Papathanasiou, IV and Mantzaris, D and Apostolakis, I and Chandrinou, A and Gortzis, L and Sarafis, P and Malliarou, M},
title = {Telenursing and Telehealth. Navigating the Digital Transformation in Healthcare and Ethical Challenges: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1489},
number = {},
pages = {109-116},
pmid = {41251998},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine/ethics ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Artificial Intelligence/ethics ; *Delivery of Health Care/ethics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Confidentiality/ethics ; Informed Consent/ethics ; Computer Security/ethics ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need for digital transformation in health, bringing about the development of national strategies, new possibilities, but also challenges. The use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence enables accurate and personalized healthcare, while telenursing can provide groundbreaking services that enable the improvement of the quality of healthcare and the efficient resource management remotely.

THE AIM: Of this literature review is to present how telenursing can transform the delivery of healthcare and what the ethical challenges by its implementation.

METHODOLOGY: A narrative review was performed using key words of "telenursing" or "telehealth" and "ethical challenges" for free full text reviews published in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus databases from 2004 to the present to encompass the most recent research findings, to summarize existing knowledge while focusing on answering the research question what are the ethical challenges that are presented by their implementation.

RESULTS: Several ethical issues in telenursing, telehealth, telecare, and artificial intelligence include informed consent, patient privacy and confidentiality, data protection and security, malpractice and liability, equitable access, quality of care, and the professional-patient relationship.

CONCLUSIONS: As artificial intelligence will progressively, part of nurses' clinical practice in their telenursing or telehealth services provision, it is crucial to address ethical considerations related to privacy, transparency, patient autonomy, and health equity to care provided using AI-driven telenursing and telehealth services.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine/ethics
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Artificial Intelligence/ethics
*Delivery of Health Care/ethics
SARS-CoV-2
Confidentiality/ethics
Informed Consent/ethics
Computer Security/ethics
Pandemics

@article {pmid41251134,
year = {2025},
author = {Braun, N},
title = {[A review of security, safety, and duality issues in the field of biology].},
journal = {Comptes rendus biologies},
volume = {348},
number = {},
pages = {265-274},
doi = {10.5802/crbiol.188},
pmid = {41251134},
issn = {1768-3238},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Security Measures ; France/epidemiology ; *Biology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Safety ; Pandemics ; Synthetic Biology ; },
abstract = {At a time when biological research is booming, driven by the explosion in synthetic biology and sequencing capabilities, as well as the phenomenal biological data these fields generate, debates are raging among experts and in society at large.The major pandemic crisis triggered by SARS-CoV-2 has resurrected debates about laboratory safety and our ability to respond to biological risks. Current geopolitical instability is also prompting us to take a closer look at the threats posed by the potential use of biological weapons.Therefore, the question of the acceptable risk of biological research arises, which must take into consideration, on the one hand, the importance of research for our health, environment and quality of life, and, on the other hand, our ability to take into account safety, security and dual-use issues. The aim of this review is to take stock of the risks identified and the measures taken in France to limit them.},
}

Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Security Measures
France/epidemiology
*Biology
SARS-CoV-2
*Safety
Pandemics
Synthetic Biology

@article {pmid41251047,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiang, S and Lu, Z},
title = {mRNA-LNP vaccines: rational design, delivery optimization, and clinical translation.},
journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5tb01972a},
pmid = {41251047},
issn = {2050-7518},
abstract = {Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines face core challenges including low-delivery efficiency and immunogenicity, limiting their wide-ranging applications in infectious disease prevention and cancer therapy. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), the most clinically validated non-viral delivery platform, address these challenges by encapsulating and protecting mRNA, promoting cellular uptake, and mediating endosomal escape. mRNA-LNP vaccines leverage a "rapid design + flexible production" advantage, decisively demonstrated by the success of COVID-19 vaccines such as BNT162b2. This review systematically analyzes mRNA-LNP vaccine development, focusing on core optimization strategies: (1) mRNA sequence engineering (nucleoside modification and UTR/poly(A) tail optimization) to enhance stability and translation efficiency; (2) LNP formulation (component ratio optimization, SPOT strategies, etc.) to modulate immune responses and enable organ targeting; and (3) LNP surface functionalization (with small molecules, peptides, and antibodies) for precise specific cell or organ targeting. Although multiple candidate vaccines for infectious disease prevention and cancer treatment have entered clinical trials, their clinical translation is still limited by insufficient targeting accuracy, potential immunogenicity and toxicity, and the challenge of universal delivery systems. Future breakthroughs require the integration of multidisciplinary innovations, focusing on the development of degradable lipids and novel targeting ligands to improve delivery precision, the application of more biocompatible polymers (such as pSar and POx) to replace PEG to enhance safety, and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to accelerate LNP formulation design and performance prediction. This review summarizes the key optimization strategies and clinical progress and explores future directions to overcome the existing bottlenecks and promote mRNA-LNP technology as the cornerstone of next-generation precision medicine.},
}

@article {pmid41250010,
year = {2025},
author = {Warigon, C},
title = {Media reporting trends on disease outbreaks of COVID-19, polio, and cholera in Nigeria: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {4005},
pmid = {41250010},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Nigeria/epidemiology ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Cholera/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data ; *Mass Media/trends/statistics & numerical data ; *Poliomyelitis/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Disease outbreaks are ubiquitous and pose significant challenges to public health, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, which has a population of over 200 million people with a fragile healthcare system. The outbreak of COVID-19 in late 2019, which subsequently became a global pandemic, has had a profoundly adverse impact on Nigeria's public health system. Conversely, until its certification by the WHO African Region in 2020, Nigeria was considered a Polio-endemic country. Similarly, Cholera is a recurrent epidemic in Nigeria. It remains an incessant and seasonal public health issue, bedeviling Nigerian society, especially in regions that struggle with inadequate water and sanitation facilities, which are widespread. In Africa's most populous nation, the media have been indispensable and powerful during emergencies, such as disease outbreaks. Consequently, media coverage and reports of COVID-19, Polio, and Cholera in Nigeria are critical areas that provide clear perspectives and require attention, as the media can inform and shape public perception during such outbreaks. This study, therefore, explored the reporting trends on disease outbreaks of COVID-19, Polio, and Cholera in Nigeria. The study was guided by the Arksey and O'Malley framework for Scoping reviews. Out of 250 articles initially identified, 98 met the inclusion criteria, with 79 accessible for analysis. Findings reveal that 90% of studies focused on COVID-19, with comparatively less attention given to other significant outbreaks such as Cholera (6%) and Polio (4%). It was also found that the majority (76%) of the studies only paid little attention to the intervention strategies for managing Polio, Cholera, and COVID-19 19, which the Nigerian mass media dominantly reported, and that most of the studies were on conventional media (newspapers, magazines, radio, and TV) coverage. Significant gaps were found in the reporting of advocacy and behaviour change to mitigate the spread of diseases. There was inadequate evidence on the patterns and directions of media coverage of Polio and Cholera due to the under-coverage of the two diseases. The study concludes that media coverage of disease outbreaks, when sourced from top-rated journals, undoubtedly provides valuable insights into the media's coverage of public health interventions for managing future epidemics.},
}

Nigeria/epidemiology
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Cholera/epidemiology
*Disease Outbreaks/statistics & numerical data
*Mass Media/trends/statistics & numerical data
*Poliomyelitis/epidemiology

@article {pmid40409286,
year = {2025},
author = {Reisinger, EC and Geerdes-Fenge, H and Wossidlo, C and Arndt, H},
title = {Long/Post-Covid - An Interdisciplinary Challenge.},
journal = {RoFo : Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Rontgenstrahlen und der Nuklearmedizin},
volume = {197},
number = {12},
pages = {1388-1394},
doi = {10.1055/a-2578-1363},
pmid = {40409286},
issn = {1438-9010},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/therapy/epidemiology ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Interdisciplinary Communication ; Patient Care Team ; *Intersectoral Collaboration ; },
abstract = {In this overview we summarize the current state of scientific knowledge on the epidemiology, etiology, clinical symptoms and therapy of post-COVID disease.The study is based on a search of the scientific literature available on PubMed and on our own clinical experience in the post-COVID outpatient clinic.The prevalence of post-COVID disease varies greatly depending on the survey method used. The symptoms of post-COVID are manifold, but fatigue, cardiopulmonary complaints, cognitive deficit, and pain syndromes are prominent. There are currently no surefire symptoms or specific markers that prove the presence of the disease. Therefore, diagnosis is often based on an exclusion of other diagnoses, which requires good interdisciplinary cooperation. Therapy for post-COVID disease is also not specific but is always individual and symptom-oriented. There have been various attempts to explain the pathogenesis of post-COVID, but the mechanisms behind the development of the condition have not yet been conclusively clarified. Persistence of the virus or of viral proteins may cause protracted infection or autoimmunity. Infection and inflammation of the endothelium of the small vessels and the hypercoagulation associated with this may lead to local cytokine dysregulation and organ damage. Further clarification of the pathogenesis of post-COVID and the establishment of effective diagnostic tools and therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. · Post-COVID is a commonly reported condition with variable symptoms. · Interdisciplinary exclusion of other diagnoses and therapy planning are important. · Clarification of pathogenesis and establishment of diagnostic markers are urgently needed. · Reisinger EC, Geerdes-Fenge H, Wossidlo C et al. Long/Post-Covid - An Interdisciplinary Challenge. Rofo 2025; 197: 1388-1393.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/therapy/epidemiology
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Interdisciplinary Communication
Patient Care Team
*Intersectoral Collaboration

@article {pmid41249078,
year = {2025},
author = {Banach, M and Toth, PP and Ahn, HJ and Bielecka-Dabrowa, A and Cicero, AFG and Covic, A and Dalakoti, M and Escobar, C and Fogacci, F and Gaita, D and Gaita, L and Jóźwiak, J and Latkovskis, G and Lewek, J and Ntaios, G and Okopień, B and Pećin, I and Pella, D and Penson, PE and Proietti, M and Sadowski, J and Solnica, B and Sosnowska, B and Viigimaa, M and Lip, GYH and , },
title = {Lipid management for primary and secondary stroke prevention consensus paper of the International Lipid Expert Panel (ILEP).},
journal = {Progress in cardiovascular diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.pcad.2025.11.003},
pmid = {41249078},
issn = {1873-1740},
abstract = {Ischemic stroke is a significant global health challenge, accounting for approximately 66 % of all strokes worldwide. Recent data indicates that stroke was the third leading cause of death (10.7 % of all deaths), following ischemic heart disease and COVID-19. In 2021, nearly 94 million people were living with the consequences of a stroke, and about 12 million new cases were reported. Major risk factors for stroke include high systolic blood pressure, exposure to ambient particulate matter, smoking, and elevated levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), with LDL-C contributing to nearly one-third of all ischemic strokes. In primary prevention, many at-risk individuals have undiagnosed or poorly managed lipid disorders, including elevated lipoprotein(a). The challenge persists in secondary prevention, where up to 40 % of individuals at risk of recurrent ischemic stroke experience a recurrence within five years. A key reason for this is the inadequate diagnosis and management of lipid disorders, underscoring the necessity for early and intensive (upfront) combination lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) to meet treatment goals promptly after an event. Unfortunately, data indicates that up to 40 % of post-stroke patients receive no LLT, and many more receive inadequate treatment. Additionally, existing guidelines for LLT in both primary and secondary stroke prevention are often inconsistent and outdated. Similarly, the understanding of the effects of LDL-C and LLT on the risks of haemorrhagic stroke and dementia remains limited, emphasizing the need for clear and practical guidance. Thus, within this Consensus Paper we aimed to provide consistent, easy-to-follow, and practical guidance on lipid targets, along with clear pathways for effectively treating patients with lipid disorders who are at risk for stroke and those who have experienced one. This approach is intended to help reduce the risk of recurrent ischemic strokes and their associated complications.},
}

@article {pmid41248320,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, C and Austin, R and Wurtz, R and Delaney, CW and Rajamani, S},
title = {Applications of Artificial Intelligence in the Control of Infectious Diseases in the Post-COVID Era: Scoping Review.},
journal = {JMIR nursing},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {e84242},
doi = {10.2196/84242},
pmid = {41248320},
issn = {2562-7600},
mesh = {Humans ; *Artificial Intelligence ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic exposed systemic vulnerabilities in public health infrastructure, underscoring the urgency for innovation in disease surveillance and emergency response. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool to enhance the accuracy, efficiency, and scalability of public health interventions. Yet, there remains a limited understanding of how AI has been applied in real-world infectious disease control and who is contributing to its development and implementation.

OBJECTIVE: This scoping review aimed to map current applications of AI in public health practice for infectious disease control since 2020. Specifically, it examined (1) the types of AI tools in use, (2) their purposes and implementation contexts, and (3) the professional and institutional actors leading these efforts, including the role of nurses.

METHODS: Using the Joanna Briggs Institute's population, concept, and context framework, a structured search in Ovid MEDLINE was conducted, which was guided by the "5Cs" framework for health emergency preparedness from the World Health Organization (WHO). The search focused on English-language, peer-reviewed studies from 2020 that used AI tools for infectious disease control within real-world public health practice. Nonoriginal articles, simulation-only studies, and studies that lacked real-world implementation were excluded.

RESULTS: Out of 600 screened studies in Ovid MEDLINE, 10 met the inclusion criteria. Two major AI types were identified: machine learning (ML) algorithms and language-based tools such as chatbots and large language models. ML tools supported outbreak detection, risk stratification, and resource allocation, while language-based tools promoted health communication, particularly around immunization and HIV prevention. Studies were conducted in a diverse range of countries, including several low- and middle-income countries, and used national datasets or surveillance systems. Despite nurses comprising half of the global health workforce, no nursing-affiliated authors were found among first or corresponding authors, and no nurses were represented in the broader authorship of the included studies.

CONCLUSIONS: AI technologies are being increasingly applied to support public health responses to infectious diseases, with applications ranging from predictive analytics to real-time public engagement. However, adoption remains limited in scale, scope, and professional diversity. The near-total absence of nursing participation in AI-related public health research is particularly striking and represents a missed opportunity for inclusive innovation. Strengthening implementation research and advancing informatics education among nursing professionals are critical next steps to ensure that AI tools reflect the realities of public health practice and promote equitable outcomes.},
}

Humans
*Artificial Intelligence
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
*Communicable Disease Control/methods
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid41247781,
year = {2025},
author = {Henrich, TJ and Montgomery, CP and Graf, J and Ismali, N and Mohandas, S and Suthar, MS and Brim, H and Coffin, JM and Pagaria, A and Guzmán Rivera, J and Vudali, U and Keim, P and Zhong, G and McGrath, R and Edwards, B and García-Sastre, A and Gennaro, ML},
title = {The role of co-infection in the pathogenesis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of post-acute sequelae: A perspective.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.106308},
pmid = {41247781},
issn = {2050-084X},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/pathology/virology ; *Coinfection/virology ; *SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Bacterial Infections/complications ; },
abstract = {A major health challenge resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic is the manifestation of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). PASC (or long COVID) is a collective term used for clinical symptoms, various pathologies, and life-quality-changing functional impairment that persist for months to years after the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection. The mechanisms underlying PASC are not understood, although advances have been made in identifying factors that may contribute to long-term pathology. Recent data have emerged, showing an association between SARS-CoV-2 viral persistence and non-SARS-CoV-2 infections (pre-existing, viral reactivation, or new infections) in facilitating or mediating PASC. However, the heterogeneous nature and timing of co-infections have made it challenging to understand, interpret, and contextualize their contribution to PASC. Here, we summarize the impact of potential viral, bacterial, and fungal infections on SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, with a focus on their possible roles in the development of PASC. We also provide a framework to understand the mechanisms of PASC and inform basic, translational, and clinical research initiatives, including RECOVER, a large and ongoing research initiative to understand, treat, and prevent long COVID.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/pathology/virology
*Coinfection/virology
*SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Bacterial Infections/complications

@article {pmid41246243,
year = {2025},
author = {Kaaniche, FM and Zouari, F and Jerbi, S and Dahech, I and Abdellatif, A and Taher, YB and Feki, W and Hakim, Z and Briki, S and Dlensi, D and Allala, R},
title = {[Specific features of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults related to SARS-CoV-2].},
journal = {The Pan African medical journal},
volume = {52},
number = {},
pages = {29},
doi = {10.11604/pamj.2025.52.29.47987},
pmid = {41246243},
issn = {1937-8688},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/complications/therapy/physiopathology ; *Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology/virology ; Adult ; Prognosis ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage ; Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare and severe entity occurring after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and it is often underrecognized in adults. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and prognostic characteristics of MIS-A through a structured review of the literature. A search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases up to May 2024. Articles included were clinical case reports or case series of MIS-A in adults. Eighteen (18) articles were included. MIS-A mainly manifests as persistent fever, multiorgan involvement, marked inflammatory response, and frequently negative SARS-CoV-2 PCR but positive serology. Treatment is based on immunoglobulins, corticosteroids, and, in some cases, anti-IL-6 therapy. Although rare, MIS-A represents a medical emergency to be considered in the aftermath of COVID-19 infection, even in asymptomatic cases. Diagnosis is based on nonspecific clinical and biological criteria, which makes recognition challenging. Early immunomodulatory treatment can improve prognosis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/complications/therapy/physiopathology
*Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome/diagnosis/therapy/physiopathology/virology
Adult
Prognosis
Adrenal Cortex Hormones/administration & dosage
Immunoglobulins/administration & dosage

@article {pmid41245505,
year = {2025},
author = {Taylor, HL and Cuadros, P and Gee, M and Menachemi, N},
title = {The unintended health effects of US COVID-19 lockdowns: a systematic review.},
journal = {Health affairs scholar},
volume = {3},
number = {11},
pages = {qxaf208},
doi = {10.1093/haschl/qxaf208},
pmid = {41245505},
issn = {2976-5390},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: US lockdowns and school closures implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic were intended to mitigate viral transmission and protect public health. However, the broader health effects of these interventions remain unclear.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed studies that assessed the impact of US lockdowns and school closures on health-related outcomes excluding COVID-19 transmission and mortality.

RESULTS: A total of 132 studies met inclusion criteria, yielding 454 unique outcomes. Lockdowns and school closures were associated with detrimental health effects in the majority of outcomes analyzed, including over 90% of mental health, obesity-related, and health-related social need outcomes (child development/education, employment, access to food, and economic/financial stability). Analyses focused on vulnerable populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income groups, and individuals with disabilities, were significantly more likely to report detrimental outcomes than the general population.

CONCLUSION: Given how lockdowns and school closures may affect population well-being, policymakers should carefully weigh both the benefits and harms of these interventions, including how they may affect vulnerable populations. We conclude with policy recommendations to mitigate ongoing harms and inform more evidence-based decision-making.},
}

@article {pmid41245378,
year = {2025},
author = {Al-Aqqad, N and McCarthy, LJ and Roura, M},
title = {The bidirectional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social determinants of health among refugees and internally displaced persons in low and lower-middle income countries: A systematic review of qualitative studies.},
journal = {Journal of migration and health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {100369},
doi = {10.1016/j.jmh.2025.100369},
pmid = {41245378},
issn = {2666-6235},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This systematic review aims to synthesize the available qualitative evidence on the bidirectional effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the social determinants of health among refugees and internally displaced persons in low and lower-middle income countries.

METHODS: A systematic search of peer-reviewed articles published in English was conducted in August 2025 using five databases: PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase, and ASSIA. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program qualitative studies checklist was used to assess the quality of qualitative and mixed-methods studies. The Dahlgren and Whitehead model of the social determinants of health was used as a reference framework for data extraction and analysis. The themes that emerged during the data extraction process were used to create an adapted framework.

RESULTS: Out of 12,607 studies found, 32 studies were included for review. The COVID-19 pandemic had profound effects on most of the social determinants of health among refugees and internally displaced persons in low and lower-middle income countries. Also, unfavorable health determinants of refugees and internally displaced persons residing in these countries made them more susceptible to COVID-19.

DISCUSSION: The COVID-19 pandemic had bidirectional effects on refugees' and internally displaced persons' social determinants of health. The pandemic negatively affected their work conditions, economic status, education, and healthcare access. On the other hand, lack of access to clean water, crowded housing, and poor health literacy level affected their compliance with protective measures making them more prone to COVID-19 infection.},
}

@article {pmid41244103,
year = {2025},
author = {Yue, Y and Han, X and Chen, Q and Dai, L and Ai, Q and Zhang, Z and Ma, F and Gao, J},
title = {The effect of pulmonary rehabilitation for post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences},
volume = {6},
number = {},
pages = {1634351},
doi = {10.3389/fresc.2025.1634351},
pmid = {41244103},
issn = {2673-6861},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID, are characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, dyspnea, and reduced functional capacity. Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) is recommended for chronic respiratory conditions, but its effectiveness in PASC, particularly across different delivery modes, remains uncertain.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of PR, including telerehabilitation and in-person modalities, on physical function, dyspnea, pulmonary function, fatigue, and quality of life in patients with PASC.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic search of PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to March 25 for controlled clinical trials assessing the effects of PR in PASC patients. Two independent reviewers performed study selection and data extraction. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, and data were analyzed using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4.1. Effect sizes were reported as mean differences (MD) or standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials involving 673 participants were included. Most studies were judged to have a moderate risk of bias. Compared with usual care, PR significantly improved six-minute walk distance (MD: 76.85 meters; 95% CI: 57.35-96.36; p < 0.001), maximal inspiratory pressure (MD: 17.63 cmH₂O; 95% CI: 4.50-30.76; p = 0.009), fatigue (SMD: -1.15; 95% CI: -1.83 to -0.48; p < 0.001), and quality of life (SMD: 1.73; 95% CI: 0.56-2.91; p = 0.004). No statistically significant improvement was found for dyspnea (MD: -0.41; 95% CI: -1.51 to -0.68; p = 0.46). Subgroup analyses showed no significant differences between telerehabilitation and in-person PR across all outcomes, including exercise capacity (p = 0.84), dyspnea (p = 0.86), fatigue (p = 0.93), and quality of life (p = 0.44).

CONCLUSIONS: PR improves physical and functional outcomes in patients with PASC. Telerehabilitation offers a clinically equivalent alternative to in-person PR, supporting its broader implementation.},
}