@article {pmid41637140,
year = {2026},
author = {Su, T and Chang, JY and Gan, L and Zhang, Y},
title = {Unveiling the insights of controlling invasive Aedes mosquitoes in simulated urban catch basins by Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet containing pyriproxyfen.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {63},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjag015},
pmid = {41637140},
issn = {1938-2928},
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes ; *Pyridines ; *Mosquito Control/methods ; *Insecticides ; Larva/growth & development ; *Juvenile Hormones ; Introduced Species ; Cities ; },
abstract = {Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) are significant urban pests and disease vectors. In addition to small containers, the urban storm drains serve as an extensive production ground. Management of these species is notoriously challenging due to numerous reasons, such as lack of optimal larvicide products. A larvicide, Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet, containing 0.5% pyriproxyfen, a juvenile hormone analog (JHA), was evaluated for its bioactivity and efficacy in simulated storm drain catch basins. In bioassays, high bioactivity in inhibition of emergence (IE) was observed with no significant differences between test materials or species. Against Ae. aegypti, the IE10, IE50 and IE90, respectively, measured 0.011, 0.028, and 0.122 ppb for the technical grade, and 0.016, 0.036, and 0.161 ppb for the formulated granules from the sachet. A similar bioactivity was observed in Ae. albopictus. The IE10, IE50, and IE90, respectively, amounted 0.013, 0.033, and 0.142 ppb for the technical grade, and 0.015, 0.038, and 0.151 ppb for the formulated product. In simulated storm drain catch basins, application of Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet at three sachets (25 g each) per 151.4 L of water provided sustained control of Ae. aegypti (91.1% to 100%) and Ae. albopictus (91.0% and 100%) for up to 22 wk, despite poor water quality and low detectable pyriproxyfen concentrations. These results demonstrate that Sumilarv 0.5G Sachet is a highly effective and reliable larvicide for long-term control of invasive Aedes mosquitoes in urban storm drain systems.},
}

Animals
*Aedes
*Pyridines
*Mosquito Control/methods
*Insecticides
Larva/growth & development
*Juvenile Hormones
Introduced Species
Cities

@article {pmid41636788,
year = {2026},
author = {De Maio, FA and Soricetti, M and Solimano, PJ and Iglesias, NG and Barrio, DA and Bellusci, CP},
title = {Detection of a novel circo-like virus in common carp from Argentinian Patagonia.},
journal = {Acta veterinaria Hungarica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1556/004.2025.01244},
pmid = {41636788},
issn = {0236-6290},
abstract = {The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is an invasive species in Argentinian Patagonia. This study aimed to investigate the presence of Circoviridae-related viruses associated with its population in the Negro River. Total DNA samples extracted from the organ pools of 50 individuals were evaluated using a broad-spectrum PCR, which led in a single case to the detection of a circo-like virus. Based on the partial rep sequence obtained, phylogenetic analysis showed a relation between the virus found and those that have been identified in other cyprinid fishes, such as gudgeon (Gobio gobio) and fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). The results propose the occurrence of a previously undescribed circo-like virus in Patagonian common carp.},
}

@article {pmid41633515,
year = {2026},
author = {Meng, F and Snead, AA and Zhang, AY and Munshi-South, J and Winchell, KM},
title = {Cities as evolutionary incubators for the global spread of the spotted lanternfly.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2064},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2292},
pmid = {41633515},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; China ; *Urbanization ; *Genetic Variation ; *Biological Evolution ; Cities ; Hemiptera ; },
abstract = {Habitat destruction and invasive species pose two of the greatest global threats to biodiversity. These factors do not operate in isolation, and nowhere is their interaction more apparent than in urban environments. Urban organisms rapidly evolve under novel ecological circumstances where they also encounter anthropogenic opportunities for range expansion. We examine the role of urbanization in the invasive success of the spotted lanternfly, an emerging global pest, during its colonization and expansion. We demonstrate that the invasive population in the United States has undergone three sequential bottlenecks, resulting in significantly reduced genetic diversity and elevated inbreeding. The success of this invasive population may be partly attributable to adaptation in the native range before the invasion. We detect divergence between urban and rural lanternflies in Shanghai, China (the invasion origin), in genes related to stress response, metabolism and detoxification pathways. Additionally, we detect genomic signatures of selection in the invasive population, suggesting adaptive refinement as the invasion progresses. This study provides evidence of adaptive evolution in response to urbanization despite substantial loss of genetic diversity and implicates adaptive responses to pesticide application, dietary shifts, and climate in the invasive success of the spotted lanternfly.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
China
*Urbanization
*Genetic Variation
*Biological Evolution
Cities
Hemiptera

@article {pmid41543292,
year = {2026},
author = {Love, JW and Newhard, JJ and Amato, SJ and Walker, M and Hanlon, J},
title = {Harvest of Northern Snakehead with Bowfishing in Maryland.},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {66},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icag002},
pmid = {41543292},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {//U.S. Congress via the Snakehead Control Act/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fisheries ; Maryland ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Perciformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Rivers ; *Fishes ; },
abstract = {Illegal introductions in North America have helped establish populations of Northern Snakehead (Channa argus), an invasive freshwater fish from Asia. Once targeted for eradication, widespread establishment of populations in the Chesapeake Bay watershed has now led management to prioritize mitigation. One method of mitigation has been harvesting via bowfishing. We measured the influence of bowfishing in the snakehead fishery between 2022 and 2024. Ten charter boat captains who operated bowfishing trips across 17 rivers in 2024 provided 556 trip reports for snakehead trips (March to November) that represented an average of four bowfishing clients (range = 1 client to 12 clients) who fished an average of 4.8 hours (standard error = 0.05) per evening trip (high ebb to slightly beyond low tide). Harvest ranged between 0 fish and 32 fish per river-trip, with an average median of 10 fish (standard error = 2.7). Harvest was greatest in spring and fall (3.5°C < air temperature < 17°C) and full or new moons. Bowfishing and gigging accounted for the majority of annual fishing mortality, which was 19.1% in 2023 and 20.0% in 2024. This was lower than the target of 25% to achieve population declines. Our results highlight both the value of bowfishing and the need to encourage bowfishing as means of harvesting snakeheads in ecosystems.},
}

Animals
*Fisheries
Maryland
*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
*Perciformes/physiology
*Introduced Species
Rivers
*Fishes

@article {pmid41099184,
year = {2026},
author = {Buchkowski, RW},
title = {A field test of whether herbivores mitigate the effects of plant invasions on soil biodiversity.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {95},
number = {2},
pages = {249-252},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70161},
pmid = {41099184},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {CRC-2023-00334//Canada Research Chairs/ ; RGPIN-2024-05238//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Biodiversity ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Soil/chemistry ; Australia ; *Food Chain ; Grassland ; *Poaceae ; },
abstract = {Research Highlight: Marco Fioratti Junod, Irene Cordero, Nadia Chinn, Jennifer Firn, Julia Holmes, Marcus Klein, Gabrielle Lebbink, Uffe N. Nielsen, Martin Schütz, Stephan Zimmermann, Anita C. Risch. (2025). Herbivory mediates the response of below-ground food webs to invasive grasses. Journal of Animal Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.70113. A recent paper by Junod et al. (2025) tested whether herbivores could mitigate the effects of invasive African lovegrass on soil biodiversity in Australian grasslands. They found that herbivores, including livestock, native mammals and invertebrates, acted to reverse four of the 13 negative effects that African lovegrass had on soil biodiversity and function. Their work demonstrated two mechanisms through which herbivores may have acted-reducing plant litter and increasing soil temperature. The paper also highlights the difficulty of predicting the response of soil biodiversity to change because of unclear interdependencies among organisms. General techniques such as food web models, isotopic tracers and more detailed study of the lives of soil organisms will help us bridge this knowledge gap.},
}

*Herbivory
*Biodiversity
*Introduced Species
Animals
*Soil/chemistry
Australia
*Food Chain
Grassland
*Poaceae

@article {pmid41633512,
year = {2026},
author = {Norin, T and van Deurs, M and Behrens, JW},
title = {Individuals of the invasive round goby face physiological and behavioural trade-offs in their sensitivity to salinity.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2064},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.2937},
pmid = {41633512},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//H2020 Societal Challenges/ ; //H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Salinity ; *Introduced Species ; *Perciformes/physiology/growth & development ; *Behavior, Animal ; Seawater/chemistry ; Acclimatization ; },
abstract = {Invasive species often cause ecological damage, including competition with native species for space, food and survival. One of these invasive species is the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a fish introduced into fresh and brackish waters around the world. To understand how round gobies perform if they continue spreading into higher-salinity oceans, we investigated how individuals differ in physiological and behavioural (co)sensitivity to salinity changes. We measured growth, metabolic rates, activity, dispersal and exploration of 59 individuals in the lab after acclimation to salinities ranging from freshwater to seawater (0, 10, 19, 24 and 28 ppt), and quantified trait variation and sensitivity to salinity as reaction norm intercepts and slopes. The fastest-growing individuals at 10 ppt-the salinity the fish were caught at-were also the most active and explorative at this salinity and thus more likely to spread. However, above 15 ppt, these individuals lost their growth advantage and experienced the most severe reductions in aerobic capacity (maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope). As growth and aerobic capacity are linked to survival and performance in nature, this cross-over at 15 ppt is likely to determine the phenotypic composition of round goby populations across salinities and their continued invasion success and ecological impact.},
}

Animals
*Salinity
*Introduced Species
*Perciformes/physiology/growth & development
*Behavior, Animal
Seawater/chemistry
Acclimatization

@article {pmid41631857,
year = {2026},
author = {Johnson, EC and Brush, M and Lewis, MA},
title = {Modeling stratified dispersal in forest pests: A case study of the mountain pine beetle in Alberta.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70305},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70305},
pmid = {41631857},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {18202//Genome Canada/ ; U22004//fRI Research/ ; 568176//Canadian Network for Research and Innovation in Machining Technology, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; L20TF//Genome Alberta/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Alberta ; *Coleoptera/physiology ; *Animal Distribution ; *Forests ; *Models, Biological ; Pinus ; },
abstract = {Forest pests pose critical threats to forest ecosystems worldwide, yet accurately predicting their spatial spread remains challenging due to complex dispersal behaviors, weather effects, and the inherent difficulty of tracking small organisms across large landscapes. These challenges have resulted in divergent estimates of typical dispersal distances across studies. Here, we use high-quality data from helicopter and field-crew surveys to parameterize dispersal kernels for the mountain pine beetle, a destructive pest that has recently expanded its range into Alberta, Canada. We find that fat-tailed kernels-those which allow for a small number of long-distance dispersal events-consistently provide the best fit to these data. Specifically, the radially symmetric Student's t-distribution with parameters ρ = 0.012 $$ \uprho =0.012 $$ km and ν = 1.45 $$ \upnu =1.45 $$ stands out as parsimonious and user-friendly; this model predicts a median dispersal distance of 60 m, with the 95 th $$ 95\mathrm{th}
$$ percentile of dispersers traveling nearly 5 km. The best-fitting mathematical models have biological interpretations. The Student's t-distribution, derivable as a mixture of diffusive processes with varying settling times, is consistent with observations that mountain pine beetle adults fly short distances while few travel far; early-emerging beetles fly farther; and larger beetles from larger trees exhibit greater variance in flight distance. This phenotypic variability is mirrored in other forest pests, resulting in a stratified dispersal pattern where most individuals disperse locally while rare long-distance "jumpers" drive range expansion. Our approach demonstrates how aerial survey data can be used to characterize dispersal patterns, as many insects create diagnostic signatures-combining foliage damage patterns and host-tree preferences-that are visible from above. Since aerial surveys of North American forests are widely available, our methodology can be broadly used to create parsimonious dispersal models for many forest insects.},
}

Animals
Alberta
*Coleoptera/physiology
*Animal Distribution
*Forests
*Models, Biological
Pinus

@article {pmid41631783,
year = {2026},
author = {Wei, H and Copp, GH and Lauridsen, RB and Bašić, T and Davison, PI and Murphy, JF and Pretty, JL and Skóra, ME and Zemelka, G and Jones, JI},
title = {Non-native pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha carcasses benefit native benthic macroinvertebrates.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70352},
pmid = {41631783},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {201903260010//China Scholarship Council/ ; 2020GH04//Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS/ ; //Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust/ ; //Interreg, DiadES/ ; 2018/02/X/NZ8/02252//National Science Centre of Poland/ ; //Queen Mary University of London/ ; },
abstract = {The invasion of the North Atlantic by pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha has raised concerns regarding their impact on coastal rivers. Although the influence of marine-derived nutrients from returning adult O. gorbuscha on rivers in their native range has received much attention, the ecological consequences of invasive O. gorbuscha for ecosystems outside the native range are largely unknown. To investigate the impact on the density and community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates, O. gorbuscha carcasses were added to 12 experimental channels for 60 days at three treatment levels (control, no carcass; low and high, loading rates). Stable isotopes of carbon (δ[13]C) and nitrogen (δ[15]N) were used to determine if nutrients from carcasses were incorporated into native biota. The density of macroinvertebrates increased close to the carcasses in the high-addition treatment, suggesting aggregation. Furthermore, macroinvertebrates had a higher δ[15]N near to the carcasses in the low- and high-addition treatments after 30 days, indicating uptake from the carcasses. The higher δ[15]N of willow moss Fontinalis antipyretica in carcass-addition treatments indicated that primary producers could also assimilate nutrients from the decomposition of carcasses. Whilst the addition of carcasses resulted in the increased density of small individuals of macroinvertebrates, this did not propagate to changes in community composition in this relatively short experiment. Overall, the results suggest that native biota might benefit from the marine-derived nutrients transported to streams by invasive O. gorbuscha, however, the long-term effects of such nutrient/energy subsidies on receiving ecosystems require further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid41630076,
year = {2026},
author = {Behm, JE and Ellers, J and Jesse, WAM and Tran, TJ and Helmus, MR},
title = {Estimating competition outcomes between native and invading species using trait and count data.},
journal = {Ecology},
volume = {107},
number = {2},
pages = {e70304},
doi = {10.1002/ecy.70304},
pmid = {41630076},
issn = {1939-9170},
support = {858.14.041//Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek/ ; //Temple University/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Lizards/physiology ; *Models, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; *Competitive Behavior/physiology ; Species Specificity ; },
abstract = {A major challenge in invasion ecology is determining which introduced species pose a threat to resident species through competitive displacement. Since it is impossible to allocate management resources to preventing interactions among all resident and introduced species, methods for identifying instances of potential competitive displacement would greatly help focus precious management resources. Additionally, methods that use readily available data, such as species counts or functional traits, are especially advantageous under urgent invasion timelines compared to those requiring more time-intensive experimental data. Here, we provide a framework for estimating competition outcomes-including displacement-between resident and invading species using species count and functional trait data, two readily available data sources. Our framework provides methods for estimating displacement that is possibly in progress from species count data and estimating possible displacement from functional traits. We apply this framework to the native and introduced gecko species on the Caribbean island of Curaçao. Our work indicates a potential for the displacement of all three native species by introduced species and suggests that the displacement of one native species may already be underway. Given the urgency of the biodiversity crisis, our framework provides a usable tool for the early identification of potentially detrimental interactions from introduced species and provides insights to focus future studies and guide management efforts.},
}

*Introduced Species
Animals
*Lizards/physiology
*Models, Biological
*Ecosystem
*Competitive Behavior/physiology
Species Specificity

@article {pmid41628202,
year = {2026},
author = {Almeida, T and Matos, MC and Velarde-Garcéz, DA and Mata, VA and Martins, M and Neves, C and Beja, P and Lopes, AM and Abrantes, J},
title = {Viral zoonoses assessment in invasive rodent species from São Tomé and Príncipe.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0341657},
pmid = {41628202},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; Rats/virology ; *Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; Humans ; *Introduced Species ; *Zoonoses/virology ; *Rodentia/virology ; },
abstract = {Zoonoses are diseases transmitted from animals to humans, highlighting the inseparable link between animal and human health. They are responsible for approximately 2.4 billion cases of illness and 2.2 million deaths annually, posing a significant challenge to public health and food security. Transmission of infectious agents from animals to humans occurs through direct contact, ingestion, inhalation, or inoculation of the infectious agent. Finding practical ways to monitor the presence and/or abundance of zoonotic pathogens is important to estimate the risk of spillover to humans. Since rodents are present almost everywhere, live in proximity with humans and host several zoonotic viruses, we conducted a screening in different tissue samples of black rats (Rattus rattus) and brown rats (Rattus norvegicus) collected in São Tomé and Príncipe in 2021 and 2022 for the presence of five zoonotic families of viruses, including Arenaviridae, Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae, Hantaviridae, and Poxviridae. Although we found no evidence of the presence of these viral taxa among the rodent samples tested, our study does not exclude their presence in São Tomé and Príncipe. Continued monitoring of these and other zoonotic viruses is advisable to prevent or mitigate the emergence of viral diseases that are often fatal to humans.},
}

Animals
Rats/virology
*Viral Zoonoses/epidemiology/virology/transmission
Humans
*Introduced Species
*Zoonoses/virology
*Rodentia/virology

@article {pmid41249739,
year = {2026},
author = {Hamati, S and Medeiros, JS and Ward, D},
title = {Site conditions but not intraspecific competition impact Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) sapling growth and physiology along a stress and latitude gradient.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {139},
number = {1},
pages = {49-61},
pmid = {41249739},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {402109//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {*Juniperus/physiology/growth & development ; *Stress, Physiological ; Ecosystem ; Biomass ; Introduced Species ; Soil/chemistry ; Nitrogen/metabolism ; Water ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The Stress Gradient Hypothesis (SGH) predicts that the net effects of competition and facilitation among plants are determined by the interactions with environmental stressors. Juniperus virginiana is a stress-tolerant species that is native to the eastern United States but expanding into novel habitats, which may interact with changes in plant density as invasion proceeds to shape the course of species establishment. We tested this hypothesis by examining three sites along a complex latitudinal gradient shaped by historical glaciation and varying in snowfall, temperature, precipitation, and soil nutrients. We examined the impact of intraspecific competition (zero, one, two, and four competitors) on J. virginiana sapling growth metrics (relative growth rate, total biomass, and nitrogen concentration), physiological traits (midday water potential, assimilation rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance), and water status. We found that abiotic conditions impacted plants in a non-linear fashion along a complex stress gradient, with the highest performance at high and low latitude sites. Intraspecific competition had limited effects overall, though some evidence suggests that negative impacts would develop over time at the highest density. Our study testing the expectations of SGH using this stress-tolerant species demonstrates how the theory can be applied to inform invasion management plans by showing that (1) intraspecific competition alone is unlikely to impact J. virginiana performance except at high plant densities, (2) environmental complexity, including the combined effect of temperature, precipitation, soil nutrient content, and competition, is a more likely driver of productivity and establishment, however (3) warmer, drier sites with higher soil nitrogen are expected to support higher growth rates, making them more vulnerable to J. virginiana invasion.},
}

*Juniperus/physiology/growth & development
*Stress, Physiological
Ecosystem
Biomass
Introduced Species
Soil/chemistry
Nitrogen/metabolism
Water
Temperature

@article {pmid41219613,
year = {2026},
author = {Davies, RM and Coetzee, A and Seymour, CL},
title = {Robbers vs. invaders: The effects of alien tree invasions on nectar robbing in bird-pollinated Erica species.},
journal = {Journal of plant research},
volume = {139},
number = {1},
pages = {35-48},
pmid = {41219613},
issn = {1618-0860},
support = {N/A//South African National Biodiversity Institute/ ; TTK2205108476//National Research Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Pollination/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Plant Nectar ; *Birds/physiology ; South Africa ; Bees/physiology ; Trees/physiology ; },
abstract = {Invasion by alien woody plants strongly affects plant-animal interactions, often reducing invertebrate and bird abundance, thereby altering pollination and ultimately influencing plant reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether invasive alien trees also affect interactions typically considered antagonistic, such as nectar robbing. This study investigates the effects of invasive alien trees on insect communities and how these, in turn, affect the occurrence and frequency of nectar robbing in bird-pollinated Erica discolor and Erica unicolor. Floral-visitor observations were recorded at 27 uninvaded and 31 invaded fynbos (a Mediterranean-type shrubland) sites along the southern Cape coastal mountains, South Africa, from April to June 2023. We assessed factors affecting (1) nectar-robbing insect abundance, (2) the rate of nectar robbing, and (3) the impact of nectar robbing on pollination rate. Although overall robbing rates did not differ between invaded and uninvaded sites, the species composition of nectar robbers shifted. The Cape honey bee (Apis mellifera capensis) dominated robbing in uninvaded sites, whereas small solitary bees dominated robbing in invaded sites. Robbing appeared to have no effect on bird pollination rates in either Erica species. This study is the first to directly compare the widely used cumulative measure of robbing rate with observed robbing rate, revealing a significant positive relationship between the two. Together, these findings offer insights into how invasive alien trees can alter fynbos ecosystems and emphasise the critical role of insect communities in shaping plant-animal interactions.},
}

Animals
*Pollination/physiology
*Introduced Species
*Plant Nectar
*Birds/physiology
South Africa
Bees/physiology
Trees/physiology

@article {pmid41628162,
year = {2026},
author = {Haouzi, M and Bastin, F and Perdereau, E and Humbert, C and Play, B and Beaugeard, L and Darrouzet, É},
title = {Colonial signature of the alarm pheromone and chemical differences between hornet workers.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {2},
pages = {e0336261},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0336261},
pmid = {41628162},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Pheromones/chemistry/metabolism ; *Wasps/physiology/chemistry ; Behavior, Animal ; Social Behavior ; Animal Communication ; },
abstract = {The social organisation of eusocial insects is based on an effective communication system in which pheromones play a central role. Among these chemical compounds, the alarm pheromone is an essential component of colonial survival by inducing nestmates recruitment and defensive behaviours. In this study, we investigated the alarm pheromone composition produced in the venom gland of workers of the invasive Yellow-legged hornet Vespa velutina nigrithorax, focusing on two aspects: first, variations between different colonies, and second, differences related to the activities of workers in the colony at a given time. Here, we examined four specific activities: animal foragers, builders, defenders and material foragers. Our results reveal significant chemical heterogeneity in the alarm pheromone among workers, highlighting a strong colony-specific chemical signature as well as a variability linked to workers' activities. Notably, animal foragers and builders exhibited distinct pheromone profiles with discriminant chemical compounds. This study therefore suggests that the alarm pheromone could be used as a recognition signal in Vespidae species, both at the inter and intra-colonial levels. Such findings provide valuable insights into the chemical ecology of invasive species and open new perspectives on the role of pheromones in colony coordination and defense mechanisms.},
}

Animals
*Pheromones/chemistry/metabolism
*Wasps/physiology/chemistry
Behavior, Animal
Social Behavior
Animal Communication

@article {pmid41627905,
year = {2026},
author = {Saldamando, CI and Candamil-Cortés, MS and Rodríguez-Cabal, HA and Montoya-Ruiz, C and Cano-Calle, D},
title = {Genomic and phylogenetic insights for three species of thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) associated with Colombian avocado.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jisesa/ieaf116},
pmid = {41627905},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {45565//Universidad Nacional de Colombia to Clara Inés Saldamando-Benjumea/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Persea ; *Thysanoptera/genetics/classification ; Phylogeny ; Colombia ; *Genome, Insect ; *Genome, Mitochondrial ; Genomics ; },
abstract = {Thrips are small, cosmopolitan pests that attack a wide variety of crops, including avocado (Persea americana Mill.), where they feed on the fruit surface, hindering export quality. In Colombia, 7 thrips species have been identified in avocado where Frankliniella gardeniae (Fg) (Moulton, 1948), F. panamensis (Fp) (Hood, 1925), and Scirtothrips hansoni (Sh) (Mound and Hoddle, 2016) are the most abundant. Despite their economic importance, limited genomic and transcriptomic data are available for these pests. Here, we present the first draft genomes of these species and compare them to the reference genome of Frankliniella occidentalis. The mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of the 3 species differ in size and gene order, with F. gardeniae exhibiting the largest mitochondria. Phylogenetic analysis clustered F. gardeniae and F. panamensis together and S. hansoni with S. dorsalis. Genome assembly revealed differences in genome sizes: 397 Mbp (Fp), 454 Mbp (Sh), and 601 Mbp (Fg), with F. gardeniae having the largest genome. Coverage was 118× for S. hansoni and 35× for the other 2 species. S. hansoni showed the highest sequence count and N50 values. BUSCO analysis estimated genome completeness between 96% and 97.95%. Annotated genes shared among these species included insecticide resistance and metabolism, particularly P450 and CYP family genes, as well as chemosensory genes (Ir). They are promising targets for RNA interference-based studies to enhance pest management strategies thus further studies are required in this issue.},
}

Animals
*Persea
*Thysanoptera/genetics/classification
Phylogeny
Colombia
*Genome, Insect
*Genome, Mitochondrial
Genomics

@article {pmid41627902,
year = {2026},
author = {Huynh, MP and Ho, KV and Lahuatte, PF and Shelby, KS and Coudron, TA and Causton, CE and Finke, DL},
title = {Comparative metabolomics reveal developmental and ecological plasticity in the invasive parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae) from the Galapagos Islands.},
journal = {Journal of insect science (Online)},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jisesa/ieag003},
pmid = {41627902},
issn = {1536-2442},
support = {202302097-SL//International Atomic Energy Agency/ ; //Galapagos Invasive Species Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Muscidae/growth & development/metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Ecuador ; Introduced Species ; Metabolomics ; Larva/growth & development/metabolism ; *Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Invasive species pose a critical threat to biodiversity, often endangering ecologically naive endemic fauna. The avian vampire fly, Philornis downsi Dodge & Aitken, 1968 (Diptera: Muscidae), a semi-hematophagous ectoparasite introduced to the Galápagos Islands, has caused severe declines in endemic and native bird populations, including Darwin's finches. Yet, the physiological mechanisms enabling its ecological success remain largely unexplored. Here, we describe the first metabolome study of P. downsi, identifying 806 metabolites (78% confirmed by standards) across 2 developmental stages (larvae and adults) and from 2 ecological contexts (collected from natural habitats and reared under laboratory conditions). Global metabolomics analysis revealed pronounced stage- and sex-specific metabolic reprogramming in response to ecological context. Wild females showed enriched pathways linked to reproductive investment and environmental resilience, including α-linolenic acid, nicotinamide, and ascorbate metabolism. Wild males exhibited elevated lipid signaling, one-carbon metabolism, and phosphonate pathways, suggesting adaptations to reproductive demands and environmental variability. In contrast, lab-reared adults displayed more constrained metabolic profiles dominated by carbohydrate and vitamin metabolism, indicative of physiological canalization under nutrient-rich conditions. Larvae exhibited the most extensive metabolic divergence. Wild larvae were enriched in pathways related to amino acid turnover, antioxidant defenses, and membrane lipid remodeling, patterns reflecting developmental plasticity under fluctuating ecological pressures. Lab-reared larvae, conversely, exhibited upregulation in fructose and mannose metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism, likely reflecting metabolic optimization for growth efficiency. These findings provide molecular insight into the physiological plasticity and invasion success of P. downsi, informing refinements in mass rearing for control strategies.},
}

Animals
*Muscidae/growth & development/metabolism
Female
Male
Ecuador
Introduced Species
Metabolomics
Larva/growth & development/metabolism
*Metabolome

@article {pmid41626662,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, W and Hu, X and Sun, G and Li, T and Huang, L and Tian, W and Cheng, H and Chen, T and Tang, F and Ye, J},
title = {Trunk injection of fluopyram and chlorfenapyr for efficient and long-lasting control of pine wilt disease.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70517},
pmid = {41626662},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chemical control is an important strategy for managing pine wilt disease (PWD). However, traditional trunk injection agents (TIAs) are constrained by limited variety and insufficient persistence. In addition, although some novel nematicides show strong activity, their large-scale forest use is restricted by high costs. Therefore, the development of cost-effective, highly efficient, and synergistic nematicidal formulations is urgently needed to advance sustainable PWD management.

RESULTS: This study compared the performance of combination TIAs with single-agent TIAs and a traditional TIA in terms of nematicidal activity, xylem translocation, residue dynamics, efficacy duration, and tree safety in Pinus massoniana. All six TIA formulations exhibited nematicidal activity, with fluopyram_chlorfenapyr-37 (FLU_CHL-37) TIA markedly suppressing nematode reproduction in detached branch experiments. Field trials demonstrated that all TIAs spread throughout P. massoniana within 3 months; by 18 months, residual concentrations of CHL-46, CHL-49, FLU_CHL-35, and FLU_CHL-37 were significantly higher than those of FLU-11, FLU-19, and a 20% emamectin benzoate soluble liquid (EB SL) positive control in branches 3 m above the injection site and in apical branches. Notably, FLU_CHL-37 achieved 100% control efficacy at 360 days post-inoculation, outperforming the other treatments. Safety assessments showed only slight, short-term changes in chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, and soluble protein content, all normalizing within 21 days, while local damage around the injection site was significantly less pronounced than that caused by the 20% EB SL control.

CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that FLU_CHL-37 combines high activity, prolonged efficacy, strong translocation, and robust safety, providing theoretical and practical support for the development of novel PWD control agents. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41624446,
year = {2026},
author = {Trigueros, AC and Robertson, BQ and Parker, PG},
title = {Avian malaria and invasion success: Contrasting infection patterns in two introduced Eurasian sparrows in North America (Passer domesticus and Passer montanus).},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {29},
number = {},
pages = {101192},
pmid = {41624446},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {Biological invasions present a unique context to investigate how parasites influence host establishment and spread. We compared whether the more invasive house sparrow (Passer domesticus, HOSP) showed lower haemosporidian (Plasmodium) infection probability, predicted relative parasitemia, and lineage diversity than the less invasive Eurasian tree sparrow (Passer montanus, ETSP), based on previous research that showed species differences in immune responses and pathogen prevalence that may influence invasion success. We sampled 306 sparrows across eight sites in Missouri and Illinois (2019-2022), assessing Plasmodium prevalence, relative parasitemia (via qPCR), and lineage diversity. Contrary to expectations, the more invasive HOSPs had higher Plasmodium prevalence (24.1 %, 32/133; 95 % CI = 17.6 %-32.0 %) compared to the less invasive ETSP (11.6 %, 20/173; 95 % CI = 7.6 %-17.2 %). Model-averaged estimates for both the full dataset and sensitivity analysis restricted to sites with balanced sampling identified host species as the strongest predictor of infection probability with higher odds of infection in HOSPs. Relative parasitemia was also higher in HOSPs, with model-averaged estimates indicating nearly two-fold higher odds of greater relative parasitemia compared to ETSPs. Pathogen lineage richness was similar between species, with three shared lineages and one unique lineage per host. One lineage (PHPAT01) had not previously been reported in ETSPs. Comparison with previous studies suggests a decline in Plasmodium prevalence among ETSP over the past two decades. No infections were detected at the northern range edge of ETSPs, where they may experience reduced parasite pressure. These results challenge the expectation of increased susceptibility in the less invasive host and instead show shifting host-parasite dynamics in introduced populations. Our findings highlight the importance of paired studies of more and less invasive species and the need to examine how pathogen susceptibility changes across different stages of the invasion process and range expansion.},
}

@article {pmid41623708,
year = {2026},
author = {Rickowski, FS and Ruland, F and Bodin, Ö and Evans, T and Fowler, MS and Kluger, LC and Latombe, G and Lenzner, B and Macêdo, RL and Adriaens, T and Arlinghaus, R and Castellanos-Galindo, GA and Dick, JTA and Dickey, JWE and Essl, F and Gallardo, B and Hilt, S and Itescu, Y and Jarić, I and Kimmig, S and Kumar, L and Novoa, A and Oficialdegui, FJ and Pérez-Granados, C and Pyšek, P and Rabitsch, W and Richardson, DM and Roura-Pascual, N and von Schmalensee, M and Yannelli, FA and Vilà, M and Vimercati, G and Jeschke, JM},
title = {A Systems Perspective: How Social-Ecological Networks Can Improve Our Understanding and Management of Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Bioscience},
volume = {76},
number = {2},
pages = {127-146},
pmid = {41623708},
issn = {0006-3568},
abstract = {Reversing biodiversity loss and the sustainability crisis requires approaches that explicitly consider human-nature interdependencies. Social-ecological networks, which incorporate social and ecological actors and entities, as well as their interactions, provide such an approach. Social-ecological networks have been applied to a range of complex issues, including sustainable resource use, management of ecosystem services and disservices, and collective action. However, the application of social-ecological networks to invasion science remains limited so far, despite their clear potential for studying human contributions to introduction pathways of nonnative species, invasion success, direct and indirect impacts, and their management. In the present article, we review past applications of social-ecological networks to biological invasions, provide guidance on how to construct and analyze such networks, with an illustrative example, and outline future opportunities of social-ecological networks in invasion science. We aim to inform and inspire the applications of social-ecological networks to improve our ability to meet the diverse challenges facing invasion science.},
}

@article {pmid41622111,
year = {2025},
author = {Lepak, JM and Hansen, AG and Martinez, TL and Stewart, EA and Pinkus, DJ and Pelletier, AM and Treble, AJ},
title = {Maximum age of bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis exceeds 30 years: Implications for anticipating invasive species establishment and impacts.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {2135-2142},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70181},
pmid = {41622111},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Colorado Parks and Wildlife/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Carps/physiology/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; Rivers ; Otolithic Membrane/anatomy & histology ; *Aging ; },
abstract = {Invasive bighead carp Hypophthalmichthys nobilis have spread throughout the Mississippi River basin, negatively impacting ecosystems. We used a remnant population (32 years after stocking) to better understand H. nobilis. We observed high annual survival (>95%), but growth was relatively slow. Lapilli otolith sections were reliable aging structures but underestimated H. nobilis age by ~10%. Dorsal-fin rays and postcleithra also showed some promise for age interpretation. This study provides information about exceptionally old H. nobilis, with unique survival, growth and habitat conditions that could further inform invasion models.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
*Carps/physiology/growth & development
Ecosystem
Rivers
Otolithic Membrane/anatomy & histology
*Aging

@article {pmid41620008,
year = {2026},
author = {Tripathi, SR and Gorule, PA and Šmejkal, M and Stejskal, V and Ložek, F and Cau, A},
title = {Chronic exposure to polyethylene and tire wear particles changes the associative behaviour in cyprinid fishes.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {127744},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127744},
pmid = {41620008},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {The pervasive presence of anthropogenic pollutants such as polyethylene (PE) and tire wear particles (TWPs) is increasingly impacting wildlife, including behavioural traits. However, their effects on species-specific associations remain unclear. This study investigates the effects of dietary exposure to PE and TWPs on the associative and social behaviours of native crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and invasive gibel carp (Carassius gibelio) over a 60-day period. By comparing native and invasive species, we explore how these pollutants might differentially affect species with distinct adaptive strategies, potentially influencing local biodiversity and community dynamics. Fish were exposed to 0.1% PE and TWPs through their diet and assessed using zone-derived behavioural metrics: distance travelled, cumulative duration, and turning frequency, whereas the proximity of time spent outside of the zones. While PE exposure had no significant effect, TWPs significantly altered multiple associative behavioural metrics including distance travelled, cumulative duration, turning frequency, and time spent in proximity. Crucian carp exhibited greater locomotor activity and turning frequency, reflecting increased exploration. In contrast, gibel carp showed reduced movement and turning, along with elevated proximity time, suggesting spatial withdrawal. PE had comparatively weaker behavioural effects. Contrary to expectations, the invasive gibel carp did not exhibit greater behavioural resilience but instead displayed a more conservative behavioural response under TWPs exposure. These species-specific disruptions in shoaling behaviour may have long-term ecological consequences, affecting competitive interactions and community structure in polluted freshwater environments. Our findings underscore the need for further research on how emerging contaminants influence species interactions and freshwater community dynamics.},
}

@article {pmid40814196,
year = {2025},
author = {Inchaurregui, I and Olivares-Rubio, HF and García-Rodríguez, J and de Los Santos, O and Valencia-Esquivel, I and Arce, E},
title = {Native and invasive cichlid fish respond differently to thermal challenge.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {107},
number = {6},
pages = {1879-1888},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70186},
pmid = {40814196},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {//Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (Secihti)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cichlids/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Temperature ; Swimming ; *Global Warming ; Feeding Behavior ; Predatory Behavior ; Aggression ; },
abstract = {Global warming affects aquatic organisms by increasing water temperature, which leads to changes in numerous abiotic and biotic factors. The combined effects of habitat warming and biological invasions pose a serious risk to native fish, especially if native species are more sensitive to warming than invasives. In this work, we evaluated whether increasing water temperature affects the behaviours of swimming activity, aggressive interactions, capture attempts, prey consumed and foraging efficiency of the native Mexican mojarra and the invasive convict cichlid. To do this, we exposed 20 juveniles of each species to either a constant water temperature treatment at 28°C for 15 days (control group) or to a gradual increase in temperature from 28°C to 35°C over the same period (treatment group). In both species, individuals in the group exposed to experimental warming had lower swimming activity than those in the control group and in the convict a higher number of aggressive interactions than those in the control group. However, the species showed opposing effects of warming on feeding-related behaviours: in the Mexican mojarra, the number of capture attempts, prey consumed and capture efficiency were higher in the group exposed to thermal increase than in the control group, whereas in the convict cichlid, these behaviours were lower in the treatment group than in the control group. Thus, the convict cichlid showed stronger potentially adverse effects of habitat warming than the Mexican mojarra in behaviours associated with foraging. This is the first comparison of the behavioural effects of habitat warming between invasive and native cichlid fishes. Other studies of the ecological implications of habitat warming in the Amacuzac River are necessary to support the conservation of the native Mexican mojarra in the presence of the invasive convict cichlid.},
}

Animals
*Cichlids/physiology
*Introduced Species
*Temperature
Swimming
*Global Warming
Feeding Behavior
Predatory Behavior
Aggression

@article {pmid41618051,
year = {2026},
author = {Poudel, J and Chaudhary, T and Shrestha, UB and Shackleton, RT and Shrestha, BB},
title = {Despite High Local Knowledge, Limited Stakeholder Participation and Resource Mobilization Constrain the Effective Management of Invasive Plants in Nepal's Protected Areas.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {76},
number = {3},
pages = {74},
pmid = {41618051},
issn = {1432-1009},
support = {TU-NPAR-077/78-ERG-01//Tribhuvan University/ ; },
mesh = {Nepal ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; *Stakeholder Participation ; Biodiversity ; Humans ; Community Participation ; },
abstract = {Invasive alien species are major driver of socio-ecological changes, and pose threats to protected areas (PAs) and native biodiversity globally. To reduce their impacts, management effort should be timely, and guided through stakeholder engagement. This study investigated the level of community awareness, and documented perceptions and stakeholder participation in management of invasive alien plant species (IAPS) in ten of Nepal's twenty PAs (five from each Tarai-Siwalik and Mountain regions). It draws on focus group discussions (n = 60) and key informant interviews (n = 47). We found that people had substantial local knowledge of IAPS and had been substantially impacted by them without having knowledge of their exotic nature. Reported impacts included native species loss, increased weeding time, crop loss, reduced forage availability, and reduced forest regeneration. Lantana camara, Mikania micrantha, Ageratina adenophora and Ageratum houstonianum were the most problematic IAPS causing both ecological and socio-economic impacts. Management efforts were sporadic, inadequate and rarely guided by formal plans or programs. Regional analysis showed that the PAs located in the Tarai-Siwalik regions (southern lowland) experienced greater invasion impacts but received marginally more management than the mountain PAs. While efforts have been made to control IAPS both by local communities and PA authorities at few locations in the Tarai-Siwalik region, the lack of such efforts despite growing problems in the mountain PAs with unique biodiversity is a matter of great conservation concern. Overall, limited participation among stakeholders, along with very low resource mobilization are the key barriers to effective management of IAPS in Nepal's PAs.},
}

Nepal
*Introduced Species
*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
*Stakeholder Participation
Biodiversity
Humans
Community Participation

@article {pmid41615177,
year = {2026},
author = {Rajaonarivelo, JA and Kauffman, KM and Randriamoria, TM and Herrera, JP and Wickenkamp, N and Turpin, M and Baudino, F and Young, HS and Soarimalala, V and Goodman, SM and Nunn, CL and Tortosa, P},
title = {Leptospira prevalence and lineages vary across land-use types due to shifts in small mammal communities.},
journal = {Applied and environmental microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0206125},
doi = {10.1128/aem.02061-25},
pmid = {41615177},
issn = {1098-5336},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Human-induced land-use change can affect the composition of small mammal communities and the ecology of their zoonotic pathogens - yet questions remain on the direction and generality of these changes, which can have opposite effects on disease prevalence depending on the ecological context and pathogen involved. These contrasting patterns highlight the need to investigate how specific host-pathogen assemblages respond to local anthropogenic land-use mosaics. To address this need, we studied terrestrial and bat species composition, Leptospira infection prevalence, and Leptospira species composition across a mosaic of land-use types in northeastern Madagascar. We found differences in host communities between forested, agricultural, and village land-use types for both bat (n = 400) and terrestrial (n = 2,053) small mammal communities. Leptospira infection prevalence was higher in bats (37.7%) than in terrestrial small mammals (13.8%), and bats were infected with Leptospira strains that were molecularly distinct from those shed by terrestrial small mammals. Non-native mice and rats were almost exclusively infected with cosmopolitan L. kirschneri and L. interrogans, respectively, while some native terrestrial small mammals sheltered L. mayottensis, and bats hosted a more diverse set of Leptospira species. Leptospira prevalence across land-use types varied in terrestrial small mammals, but not in bats. Altogether, the highest prevalence occurred in mice in flooded rice fields. Our data show that land use predominantly impacts Leptospira infecting terrestrial mammals, likely due to habitat disturbance favoring replacement of endemic hosts and pathogens with Muridae rodents and their associated pathogens, many of which are zoonotic.

IMPORTANCE: Leptospirosis, a globally distributed, environmentally transmitted zoonosis, causes 2.9 million disability-adjusted life years annually, primarily among rural farmers in tropical regions. Infected animals' urine contaminates soils and water with Leptospira bacteria, where other individuals are then exposed. Understanding the impact of land use on the transmission of this disease is of considerable importance. In Madagascar, infection dynamics are impacted by the combined effects of converting forests to agricultural fields and colonization of these areas by non-native mammal species, which carry molecularly distinct lineages of Leptospira. We show that land use corresponds to the replacement of native species and endemic Leptospira lineages with non-native species and their cosmopolitan L. interrogans and L. kirschneri. Together, this contributes to higher infection prevalence in more disturbed habitats like flooded rice fields, where >50% of mice captured were infected. Highlighting the important effects of land use on Leptospira prevalence and presence, which together impact zoonotic risk.},
}

@article {pmid41612190,
year = {2026},
author = {Ontano, A and Sim, SB and Jenkins, J and Geib, SM and Childers, AK and Scheffler, B and Vaughn, J},
title = {Independent centromeric expansions define giant hornet genomes.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12864-025-12512-x},
pmid = {41612190},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {8042-30500-002-000-D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 6066-21310-006-000-D//Agricultural Research Service/ ; 8042-21000-291-046-I//Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
}

@article {pmid41512338,
year = {2026},
author = {Frederico, RG and de Souza, CP and Salvador, GN and Magalhães, ALB and Orsi, M and Leitão, RP},
title = {Effects of climate change on invasive fish species and the vulnerability of tropical freshwater ecoregions.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {1014},
number = {},
pages = {181359},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181359},
pmid = {41512338},
issn = {1879-1026},
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Fishes/physiology ; Brazil ; Fresh Water ; Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Tropical Climate ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions and climate change are major drivers of biodiversity loss, yet their combined effects on freshwater ecosystems in tropical regions remain poorly understood. Here, we assess the current and future climatic suitability of Brazil's freshwater ecoregions for non-native fish species and identify regions most vulnerable to biological invasions under climate change. We compiled a comprehensive database of non-native freshwater fishes in Brazil and modeled the potential distributions of 138 species using ecological niche models (ENMs). Occurrence records from native and non-native ranges, bioclimatic variables, and three climatic scenarios (current, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5). We overlaid model projections with Brazil's freshwater ecoregions to quantify changes in suitable areas and identify invasion hotspots. Model performance was good, AUC values ranging from 0.80 ± 0.06 to 1.00 ± 0.01 and TSS values from 0.61 ± 0.08 to 1.00 ± 0.02. Most non-native species (65-66 %) are projected to lose climatically suitable areas under future conditions, particularly in northern ecoregions such as the Amazon Basin. In contrast, several ecoregions in southern and southeastern Brazil are expected to remain or become increasingly suitable for non-native species, despite an overall reduction in suitability at large scale. These regions are also those most affected by urbanization, habitat fragmentation, aquaculture, and hydropower development, which may amplify invasion risks. Our findings demonstrate that climate change will shift invasion risk toward southern Brazil, reinforcing the need for targeted prevention, improved aquaculture management, and awareness programs to reduce the establishment and spread of non-native freshwater fishes.},
}

*Climate Change
Animals
*Introduced Species
*Fishes/physiology
Brazil
Fresh Water
Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Tropical Climate
*Environmental Monitoring
Conservation of Natural Resources

@article {pmid41610536,
year = {2026},
author = {Rizzo, L and Picciolo, A and Fraschetti, S},
title = {Vegetated habitats as natural macrolitter traps in an Apulian site along the Southeastern Adriatic Coast: Insights from the Ericaria crinita macroalgal canopy.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {226},
number = {},
pages = {119336},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119336},
pmid = {41610536},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Marine algal forests are highly productive and biodiverse ecosystems yet increasingly threatened by habitat loss and fragmentation. To mitigate these pressures, identifying the drivers of macroalgal canopy decline is essential. This study examines seasonal variations in abundance and size structure of Ericaria crinita (Phaeophyta) and assesses its role in retaining marine litter. Along the Apulian coastline (Italy, Adriatic Sea), litter abundance and composition were analyzed across four habitats: vegetated low-shore rocky habitats with and without macroalgal canopies, and vegetated and unvegetated emerged beaches. E. crinita abundance remained stable across seasons, while size structure showed significant seasonal variation, with spring as the main growth period and summer as a dormancy phase. The vegetated beach exhibited the highest litter abundance (9.54 ± 0.59 items m[-2]), mainly originating from land-based sources, whereas the rocky shore without canopy was the least affected habitat. Sea-based litter was significantly more abundant in the rocky shore with canopy and the vegetated beach (2.62 ± 0.32 and 2.50 ± 0.37 items m[-2], respectively), compared with the unvegetated beach (0.46 ± 0.14 items m[-2]) and the rocky shore without canopy (0.17 ± 0.08 items m[-2]). Recreational land-based activities are the primary source of litter on the beach, while fishing activities mainly impact macroalgal canopies. Dense canopies enhance the retention of larger litter items, as indicated by the positive correlation between large-size litter items and thallus length. The findings highlight the pervasive presence of marine litter and the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate its impacts on macroalgal forests.},
}

@article {pmid41609711,
year = {2026},
author = {Chakraborty, PP and Kassen, R},
title = {Accelerated evolution in networked metapopulations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.},
journal = {eLife},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.107189},
pmid = {41609711},
issn = {2050-084X},
support = {RGPIN-2019-05622//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/physiology ; *Biological Evolution ; *Evolution, Molecular ; },
abstract = {Natural populations are often spatially structured, meaning they exist as metapopulations composed of subpopulations connected by migration. Little is known about the impact of spatial structure, in particular the topology of connections among subpopulations, on adaptive evolution. Typically, spatial structure slows adaptation, although some models suggest topologies that concentrate dispersing individuals through a central hub can accelerate adaptation above that of a well-mixed system. We provide evidence to support this claim and show acceleration is accompanied by high rates of parallel evolution. Our results suggest metapopulation topology can be a potent force driving evolutionary dynamics and patterns of genomic repeatability in structured landscapes such as those involving the spread of pathogens or invasive species.},
}

*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/physiology
*Biological Evolution
*Evolution, Molecular

@article {pmid41608779,
year = {2026},
author = {Baldan, D and Chauvier-Mendes, Y and Panzeri, D and Cossarini, G and Solidoro, C and Bandelj, V},
title = {The Geography of Mediterranean Benthic Communities Under Climate Change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {e70725},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70725},
pmid = {41608779},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {NECCTON 101081273//Horizon 2020 Framework Programme/ ; NextGeneration EU CN_00000033//European Commission/ ; Postdoc.Mobility grant P500PB_225432//Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Biodiversity ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; *Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; Models, Theoretical ; },
abstract = {Seafloors are crucial to marine ecosystems for the functions and services they provide. Benthic organisms, vital to these ecosystems, are particularly vulnerable to climate change. Rising temperatures, ocean acidification, and shifting currents disrupt benthic species and communities, yet future related impact assessments remain limited. Here, we trained species distribution models with predictors from state of the art physical and biogeochemical marine models and a large database of species records (> 100,000 occurrences) to project the current and future distributions of ~350 benthic species (excluding cephalopods, invasive species, and commercially exploited species) and their related changes per site in diversity (α-) and community composition (β-diversity) over the Mediterranean Sea. We predicted most species to shift their distribution northwards for all future scenarios due to changes in water temperature and dissolved oxygen close to the seafloor, with up to 60% of species experiencing range contraction, 77% moving northwards, 20% experiencing range fragmentation (measured as range disjunctions in models' output), and 30% moving toward deeper waters over time. Cold-adapted species were more likely to face range contraction and shifts towards deeper waters, while warm-adapted species were more likely to face range expansions and shifts towards shallower waters. α-diversity increased in the Northern and decreased in the Southern Mediterranean, respectively. Changes in β-diversity within sites highlighted compositional changes (species turnover) in communities located in the Aegean and Tyrrhenian Seas, in deep parts of the Ionian Sea, and in coastal regions of the Adriatic Sea. Climate-smart, ecosystem-based Marine Spatial Planning can capitalize on the identified hotspots of species losses, gains, stability, and turnover. Prioritizing connectivity in regions of strong turnover and extending protected areas in regions with stable α-diversity and limited turnover is recommended for improved conservation actions.},
}

*Climate Change
Mediterranean Sea
*Biodiversity
Animals
Ecosystem
*Aquatic Organisms/physiology
Models, Theoretical

@article {pmid41606356,
year = {2026},
author = {Ankhi, SD and Rahman, MS},
title = {Impacts of global shipping operations on marine organisms: emerging contaminants, biodiversity monitoring, and management strategies-a 25-year review.},
journal = {Environmental science and pollution research international},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41606356},
issn = {1614-7499},
abstract = {Shipping operations are essential to global trade and economic growth; however, they pose significant risks to marine ecosystems. The goal of this review was to analyze various categories of shipping operations and their corresponding environmental impacts on marine organisms. The study employs a comprehensive approach that encompasses literature analysis and the synthesis of contemporary scientific findings. This study focused on peer-reviewed articles published from 2000 to 2025 on Web of Science and PubMed. EndNote was used for reference management. The evaluation categorizes shipping operations by ship type and commercial shipping operation type and examines their diverse effects, including chemical and physical pollution. The literature search initially identified 2993 articles. After systematically removing duplicates and evaluating the relevance of each study, the final selection was reduced to 2094 articles. Principal stressors from ship discharges, namely, marine litter, oil spills, ballast water discharge, antifouling paints, sewage, and bilge water, are emphasized for their contributions to habitat degradation, toxicity, and the proliferation of invasive species. VOSviewer software facilitated the creation of visual relatedness maps and timelines for recurring keywords. Physical disruptions from shipbreaking, sinking, underwater acoustics, and artificial lighting further exacerbate the stress on marine animals, influencing their behavior, physiology, and survival. The report assesses the limitations of existing research and regulatory frameworks, highlighting significant knowledge gaps that impede effective mitigation. This review consolidates the knowledge from recent studies and serves as a helpful foundation for marine and environmental scientists and policymakers on shipping operations, biodiversity monitoring, and management techniques for future research.},
}

@article {pmid41606296,
year = {2026},
author = {Buyatti, RA and Hernández, CM and Aquino, DA and López, SN and Gonzalez, AM and Berretta, MF},
title = {First Record of the Gall-Inducing Insect Ophelimus mediterraneus Borowiec & Burks (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae) in Eucalyptus from America, Including the First Report of Male Specimens.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {6},
pmid = {41606296},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {PICT 2020-0117//Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria/ ; project 2023-PD-L01-I074//Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria/ ; },
mesh = {*Eucalyptus/parasitology ; Animals ; Male ; *Plant Tumors/parasitology ; Argentina ; *Wasps/anatomy & histology/classification ; *Hymenoptera ; },
abstract = {The invasive eucalyptus gall wasp Ophelimus mediterraneus Borowiec & Burks (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is reported for the first time in Argentina and the Americas, representing a new record on Eucalyptus benthamii, E. viminalis, and E. cinerea, thereby expanding its known host range. Species identification was supported by molecular analyses (mitochondrial COI and nuclear 28S gene sequences), adult morphology, and morpho-anatomical examination of the induced galls. The galls are small, circular to slightly ellipsoid protrusions usually located on one side of the leaf blade. Mature galls measure approximately 0.8-1.2 mm in diameter and contain a single larval chamber. They are monothalamous, with a central chamber lined with nutritive tissue and surrounded by a sclerenchymatic layer. Additionally, this study provides the first description of the male O. mediterraneus, including detailed morphological traits, biological observations, and illustrative images. Males were consistently present in all samples collected, suggesting that O. mediterraneus may reproduce sexually under certain environmental or ecological conditions. These findings highlight the urgent need to monitor the potential spread and impact of this exotic gall-inducing pest on regional eucalyptus plantations and emphasize the importance of integrating both morphological and molecular tools for accurate detection and assessment.},
}

*Eucalyptus/parasitology
Animals
Male
*Plant Tumors/parasitology
Argentina
*Wasps/anatomy & histology/classification
*Hymenoptera

@article {pmid41606205,
year = {2026},
author = {Loziaková Peňazziová, K and Pivka, S and Barbušinová, E and Jalili, NA and Kiss, V and Kurucz, K and Csank, T},
title = {First molecular evidence and phylogenetic characterization of Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Slovakia.},
journal = {Parasitology research},
volume = {125},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {41606205},
issn = {1432-1955},
}

@article {pmid41564486,
year = {2026},
author = {Lanta, V and Kozel, P and Helclová, M and Chlumská, Z and Hauck, D and Drag, L and Littera, P and Rom, J and Bérces, S and Stejskal, R and Vadász, C and Doležal, J and Čížek, L},
title = {Recovery after extirpation of an invasive tree? Effect of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) removal on soil, vegetation and saproxylic beetles.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {399},
number = {},
pages = {128705},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.128705},
pmid = {41564486},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {Animals ; *Robinia ; *Coleoptera ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Trees ; Quercus ; Biodiversity ; },
abstract = {Alien invasions are a major driver of global biodiversity loss, with invasive trees posing particular threats due to their ability to dominate native ecosystems. Despite increased extirpation efforts, recovery pathways of native plants and saproxylic beetles afterward remain poorly understood. Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) is one of the most widespread invasive trees, disrupting native habitats and altering soil chemistry through eutrophication. We studied the effects of R. pseudoacacia extirpation on soil properties, understory vegetation and saproxylic beetles in Central-Eastern Europe, using data from native sessile oak (Quercus petraea (Matt.) Liebl.) stands and three R. pseudoacacia stand types: live, dead standing (1-2 years after herbicide application) and after removal of dead R. pseudoacacia trees (3 years after the herbicide application). Soils in live Robinia stands had higher nitrate and lower phosphate levels than native stands. After trunk removal, phosphates increased, but nitrates remained high across all Robinia stand types, indicating ongoing eutrophication. Plant species richness was low in Robinia stands and dominated by nutrient-demanding species. Soil nutrients explained large portion of variation in plant communities, reflecting the persistent legacy of Robinia-induced eutrophication. In contrast, saproxylic beetles, especially xylophagous species, responded more quickly. Their richness was lowest in live Robinia stands but improved after removal. These results show that while R. pseudoacacia extirpation is essential, long-term nutrient imbalances can hinder full recovery of native vegetation. Additional restoration measures, such as topsoil removal, prescribed burning, or native species sowing, may be needed to fully restore ecosystem function.},
}

Animals
*Robinia
*Coleoptera
*Soil/chemistry
*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
Trees
Quercus
Biodiversity

@article {pmid41602292,
year = {2025},
author = {Høeg, JT and Smurov, AO and Møller, OS and Chuikov, YS and Plotnikov, IS and Spremberg, US and Aladin, NV},
title = {History and Management of the Parasite Fauna of Aral Sea Fishes.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e71},
pmid = {41602292},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The present study reviews the parasite fauna of fishes in the Aral Sea, before, during and after the recent regression and salinization crisis. The native fish fauna was much depleted compared to the nearby Caspian Sea, comprising only 20 spp., all having a freshwater origin. The parasite fauna was similarly poorer, both in total species number and when considering parasites infesting individual species. Some fish species and parasites were introduced during the 20[th] century. Species introduction of fish and progressive salinization in the latter half of the 20[th] century interacted in various ways, occasionally favouring the spread of parasites. During the salinization parasites with endoparasitic lifecycles endured longer than many ectoparasites, the latter being constantly exposed to the salty water. But all parasites eventually suffered when the salinity tolerance of their free-swimming larvae was exceeded. Predation on zooplankton by introduced fish also temporarily impacted the free larvae of crustacean parasites, causing a decline. Alternatively, introduced fish that were prey to larger species could act to transmit parasites. All the parasites in the southern Large Aral Sea ultimately disappeared, either because their hosts were gone or because of an inability to endure high salinity. Many of the original fish species have now naturally repopulated the reconstituted Small Aral Sea, forming the basis of a renewed commercial fishery. As a result, some parts of the original parasite fauna have also reappeared together with some newly introduced species. The present study highlights the complex, sometimes unexpected, manner in which hosts and parasites can interact during a progressive ecological crisis. We emphasize that they must be an integral part of any sustainable ecological management of lakes and reservoirs. In the framework of revived fisheries and emerging aquaculture, we suggest a system for sound monitoring and control of fish parasites in the Aral Sea system.},
}

@article {pmid41600109,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, W and Ni, A and Zhang, J and Sun, G and Xiang, F and Cheng, H and Chen, T and Ye, J},
title = {Residual Dynamics of Fluopyram and Its Compound Formulations in Pinus massoniana and Their Efficacy in Preventing Pine Wilt Disease.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15020302},
pmid = {41600109},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD14009//National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Injecting chemical agents into tree trunks is a key method for preventing pine wilt disease (PWD). However, the long-term use of conventional trunk injection agents such as emamectin benzoate (EB) and avermectin (AVM) may lead to nematode resistance. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate the potential of new-generation nematicides, including fluopyram (FLU) and its compound formulations, as alternatives to EB and AVM in PWD prevention. In this study, four trunk injection agents, i.e., 5% FLU microemulsion (ME), 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME, 5% EB ME, and 5% AVM emulsifiable concentrate (EC), were injected into Pinus massoniana trunks, and their residual dynamics over time and preventive effects on PWD were compared. Results showed that all agents were transported to various parts of the trees within 90 days post-injection, with FLU showing significantly stronger translocation compared with EB and AVM. At 660 days post-injection, the active ingredient levels of 5% FLU ME in apical branches remained significantly higher than those of the other three agents at both tested doses (30 and 60 mL). Artificial inoculation with 10,000 Bursaphelenchus xylophilus nematodes per tree at 90 days post-injection showed that trees injected with 5% FLU ME and 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME had nearly 100% disease prevention rates at both doses, outperforming 5% EB ME and 5% AVM EC. A second nematode inoculation at 480 days post-injection showed that 2% AVM + 6% FLU ME showed 50% efficacy, outperforming 5% EB ME (25% efficacy). These findings offer a foundation for developing alternative trunk injection strategies for future PWD management in China.},
}

@article {pmid41600059,
year = {2026},
author = {Tian, J and Huang, J and Luo, Y and Ma, M and Wang, W},
title = {Global Distribution and Dispersal Pathways of Riparian Invasives: Perspectives Using Alligator Weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.) as a Model.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants15020251},
pmid = {41600059},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {No. 5000002024CC20004//Geological Disaster Patterns and Mitigation Strategies Under River-Reservoir Hydrodynamics in the Three Gorges Reservoir Fluctuation Zone, Chongqing Municipal Bureau of Water Resources/ ; No. CSTB2023TIAD-KPX0077//Chongqing Municipality Key Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development/ ; },
abstract = {In struggling against invasive species ravaging riverscape ecosystems, gaps in dispersal pathway knowledge and fragmented approaches across scales have long stalled effective riparian management worldwide. To reduce these limitations and enhance invasion management strategies, selecting appropriate alien species as models for in-depth pathway analysis is essential. Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (alligator weed) emerges as an exemplary model species, boasting an invasion record of around 120 years spanning five continents worldwide, supported by genetic evidence of repeated introductions. In addition, the clonal reproduction of A. philoxeroides supports swift establishment, while its amphibious versatility allows occupation of varied riparian environments, with spread driven by natural water-mediated dispersal (hydrochory) and human-related vectors at multiple scales. Thus, leveraging A. philoxeroides, this review proposes a comprehensive multi-scale framework, which integrates monitoring with remote sensing, environmental DNA, Internet of Things, and crowdsourcing for real-time detection. Also, the framework can further integrate, e.g., MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy Model) for climatic suitability and mechanistic simulations of hydrodynamics and human-mediated dispersal to forecast invasion risks. Furthermore, decision-support systems developed from the framework can optimize controls like herbicides and biocontrol, managing uncertainties adaptively. At the global scale, the dispersal paradigm can employ AI-driven knowledge graphs for genetic attribution, multilayer networks, and causal inference to trace pathways and identify disruptions. Based on the premise that our multi-scale framework can bridge invasion ecology with riverscape management using A. philoxeroides as a model, we contend that the implementation of the proposed framework tackles core challenges, such as sampling biases, shifting environmental dynamics, eco-evolutionary interactions using stratified sampling, and adaptive online algorithms. This methodology is purposed to offer scalable tools for other aquatic invasives, evolving management from reactive measures to proactive, network-based approaches that effectively interrupt dispersal routes.},
}

@article {pmid41599409,
year = {2026},
author = {Wang, L and Yu, H and Qu, G and Jin, J and Wang, J and Xing, Y},
title = {BAM 15 Exerts Molluscicidal Effects on Pomacea canaliculata Through the Induction of Oxidative Stress, Impaired Energy Metabolism, and Tissue Damage.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/molecules31020361},
pmid = {41599409},
issn = {1420-3049},
support = {No. ZDXYS202207//The Jiangsu Province Capability Improvement Project through Science, Technology and Education/ ; No. wk023-009//The Open Project of National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention/ ; },
mesh = {*Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; Animals ; *Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; *Molluscacides/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Snails/drug effects/metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects ; Metabolomics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), an invasive species originating from South America, has inflicted considerable agricultural and ecological harm in non-native habitats. While the molluscicide niclosamide is currently effective against P. canaliculata, its prolonged use raises environmental concerns and the risk of resistance development.

RESULTS: BAM 15 possesses strong molluscicidal activity against P. canaliculata, with 72 h LC50 values of 0.4564 mg/L for adults (shell height: 20-25 mm), 0.3352 mg/L for subadults (10-15 mm), and 0.1142 mg/L for juveniles (2-3 mm). Metabolomic and proteomic profiling revealed that the altered metabolites and proteins both converged on energy metabolism and oxidative stress. Experimental validation revealed that BAM15 collapsed the mitochondrial membrane potential, drove MDA and H2O2 upward while depleting NADPH, boosted CAT, SOD and GPX activities, yet suppressed GR, and ultimately inflicted overt damage in the head-foot tissue of P. canaliculata.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reveal that BAM 15 operates via a three-stage mechanism: (1) it disrupts membrane potential (ΔΨm) and impairs ATP production, severely disturbing energy metabolism; (2) energy deficits stimulate excessive electron transport chain activity, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) and initiating oxidative stress; (3) persistent metabolic imbalance and oxidative damage culminate in extensive tissue injury. These results identify BAM 15 as a promising candidate for molluscicide development.},
}

*Oxidative Stress/drug effects
Animals
*Energy Metabolism/drug effects
*Molluscacides/pharmacology/chemistry
*Snails/drug effects/metabolism
Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
Metabolomics

@article {pmid41598980,
year = {2026},
author = {Gao, Q and Li, Z and Tang, J and Zhu, J and Wu, Y and Lyu, B and Hu, G},
title = {Integrating Morphological, Molecular, and Climatic Evidence to Distinguish Two Cryptic Rice Leaf Folder Species and Assess Their Potential Distributions.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010126},
pmid = {41598980},
issn = {2075-4450},
abstract = {The larvae and damage symptoms of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Cnaphalocrocis patnalis exhibit a high degree of similarity, which often leads to confusion between the two species. This has posed challenges for research on their population dynamics and the development of effective control measures. To better understand their morphological and damage characteristics, population dynamics, species identification based on COI gene fragments, and potential future distribution, a searchlight trap monitoring program was conducted for C. medinalis and its closely related species C. patnalis across four sites in Longhua, Haitang, and Yazhou districts in Hainan Province from 2021 to 2023. The MaxEnt model was utilized to predict the potential global distribution of both species, incorporating known occurrence points and climate variables. The trapping results revealed that both species reached peak abundance between April and June, with a maximum of 1500 individuals captured in May at Beishan Village, Haitang District. Interannual population fluctuations of both species generally followed a unimodal pattern. Genetic analyses revealed distinct differences in the mitochondrial COI gene fragment, confirming that C. medinalis and C. patnalis are closely related yet distinct species. The population peak of C. patnalis occurred slightly earlier than that of C. medinalis, and its field damage was more severe. Infestations during the booting to heading stages of rice significantly reduced seed-setting rates and overall yield. Model predictions indicated that large areas of southern Eurasia are suitable for the survival of both species, with precipitation during the wettest month identified as the primary environmental factor shaping their potential distributions. At present, moderately and highly suitable habitats for C. medinalis account for 2.50% and 2.27% of the global land area, respectively, whereas those for C. patnalis account for 2.85% and 1.19%. These results highlight that climate change is likely to exacerbate the damage caused by both rice leaf-roller pests, particularly the emerging threat posed by C. patnalis. Overall, this study provides a scientific basis for invasion risk assessment and the development of integrated management strategies targeting the combined impacts of C. medinalis and C. patnalis.},
}

@article {pmid41598976,
year = {2026},
author = {Goglia, L and Formisano, G and Guastaferro, VM and Albano, L and Crispo, DG and Griffo, R and Di Prisco, G and Giorgini, M},
title = {The Invasive Nearctic Pest Platynota stultana Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Is Established in Southern Italy.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010122},
pmid = {41598976},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {CUP B73C24001270005//Vesuvius National Park Institution/ ; CUP B29I22001290009//Government of the Campania Region of Italy/ ; },
abstract = {Platynota stultana is a Nearctic moth of economic importance for many crops in North America. It is a quarantine pest in Europe, where Mediterranean regions, with warm climates similar to those of the moth's native range, are at risk of invasion. To date, the species is established only in Spain. It has been reported sporadically in Italy, but it is unknown whether these were transient findings or the result of an establishment. In this study, the presence of P. stultana in the Campania region, Southern Italy, was recorded. Adults of both sexes were found in different locations and in two consecutive years, suggesting that the species is established. Sequencing the COI gene identified three haplotypes of P. stultana, suggesting possible multiple introductions. The two most numerous haplotypes were identical to haplotypes from Florida. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the P. stultana clade splits into two subclades. The Italian haplotypes are all grouped into the same subclade. Our data suggest that P. stultana is expanding its range of invasion into Southern Italy, where, due to global warming, it may find increasingly favorable conditions and become an economic pest. A monitoring plan is required to allow timely implementation of control measures.},
}

@article {pmid41598968,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, K and Wang, Y and Yan, S and Wan, F and Smagghe, G and Yang, W},
title = {Identification and Functional Characterization of Chitinase Genes During Larva-Pupa-Adult Transitions in Tuta absoluta.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010114},
pmid = {41598968},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {QKHJC-ZK-2022-003//Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; GCC-2023-071//Program of Excellent Innovation Talents in Guizhou Province/ ; QJJ-2023-024//Program for Natural Science Research in Guizhou Education Department/ ; },
abstract = {Chitinases are crucial in the molting process of insects and represent potential targets for the development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based insecticidal strategies. In this study, we identified and characterized 11 chitinase genes (TaChts) in T. absoluta, each harboring at least one GH18 catalytic domain. Phylogenetic analysis placed these proteins into 11 established groups (I-X and h), revealing conserved lineage-specific patterns. Spatiotemporal expression profiling showed that most TaChts peak during key developmental transitions. TaCht1, TaCht2, TaCht3, TaCht5, TaCht6, TaCht7, TaCht10, TaCht-h, and TaIDGF were predominantly expressed in the integument, whereas TaCht8 and TaCht11 showed gut-enriched expression, indicating functional specialization. Stage-tailored RNAi assays demonstrated that silencing TaCht5, TaCht7, TaCht10, and TaIDGF caused pronounced mortality in both larvae and pupae. In larvae, delivery of dsRNA using carbon quantum dots (CQDs) disrupted molting: knockdown of TaCht7, TaCht10, and TaIDGF prevented shedding of the old cuticle, whereas TaCht5 silencing produced severe cuticular shrinkage and blackening. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed detachment of epidermal cells from the cuticle, providing cytological evidence of disrupted cuticle-epidermis remodeling. In pupae, microinjection of dsRNA induced cuticular collapse, melanization, and eclosion failure due to persistent adhesion of the pupal case, accompanied by marked reductions in chitinase activity. Together, our findings highlight the critical roles of four key chitinases in endocuticular turnover and metamorphic progression in T. absoluta, offering mechanistic insight into chitin-mediated developmental processes. The identified genes represent strong candidates for RNAi-based, species-specific pest management strategies against this globally significant insect.},
}

@article {pmid41598956,
year = {2026},
author = {Gullickson, MG and Averello, V and Rogers, MA and Hutchison, WD and Hegeman, A},
title = {Evaluating Real-Time PCR to Quantify Drosophila suzukii Infestation of Fruit Crops.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010102},
pmid = {41598956},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NA//Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota/ ; },
abstract = {Common methods for detecting Drosophila suzukii (spotted-wing drosophila, SWD) in fruit, such as microscopy, physical extraction, and incubation, are time-consuming and may underrepresent egg and first instar larvae counts, the smallest life stages of SWD. To address these limitations, we evaluated a quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) protocol to detect and quantify SWD eggs using a linear model of the log-transformed ratio of eggs to sample volume (µL) in Tris buffer and fruit tissue. Compared to traditional approaches, this method reduces identification time from several weeks to approximately five hours. We observed a negative linear correlation between qPCR cycle threshold and egg concentration in both standard and fruit tissue samples, with similar model fits (R[2] = 0.7215 for field fruit tissue; R[2] = 0.874 for standard samples). This DNA-based protocol improves infestation detection speed and accuracy by enabling rapid, species-specific identification of D. suzukii in fruit tissue, addressing limitations of morphological identification of eggs and larvae. Further refinement for fruit tissue could enhance real-world applicability. Rapid detection may enable timely assessment of varietal resistance to SWD and support safer control strategies targeting early life stages, helping to prevent pest development and fruit degradation.},
}

@article {pmid41598943,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, R and Hong, L and Gao, J and Wang, W and Wen, Q and Wang, G and Zhang, T and Xu, T},
title = {Characterization of Chemical Defensive Behavior and Associated Glands in the Destructive Invasive Longhorn Beetle Aromia bungii.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010089},
pmid = {41598943},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2021kj90//the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; 2020kj002//the Science Foundation of Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry/ ; 32001322//the National Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {This study characterizes the chemical defense system of the invasive longhorn beetle Aromia bungii, a destructive pest of Prunus trees, addressing the limited understanding of chemical defensive mechanisms in Cerambycidae. High-speed cameras, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), dissection, and micro-CT imaging were used to investigate defensive behavior, and the structure of the defense system, in this beetle. Both sexes of A. bungii possess a pair of triangular, sac-like defensive glands symmetrically located in the metathorax, attached to the metasternum. Upon mechanical stimulation, white liquid defensive substances are rapidly ejected through a pair of slit-shaped openings (~200 µm) at the metasternum corners, without gland eversion, reaching over 50 cm. The average weight of substances ejected in first sprays was 7.95 ± 0.79 mg for females and 8.62 ± 2.13 mg for males (mean ± se), with no significant difference between sexes. However, the weight in second sprays after 10 days was significantly lower, at 2.93 ± 0.54 mg for females and 2.22 ± 0.40 mg for males (mean ± se), suggesting that the beetles cannot re-synthesize the substances soon after spray. The weight of ejected substances had no correlation with beetle body weight. Our findings represent the first detailed morphological and functional description of a chemical defense system in Cerambycidae, revealing a specialized metasternal gland and spray mechanism. The substantial but likely non-renewable defensive substances reflect an adaptive trade-off in energy allocation between reproduction and defense in this species that exhibits high fecundity but a short lifespan at the adult stage.},
}

@article {pmid41598935,
year = {2026},
author = {Fang, X and Wen, R and Yang, L and Guo, J and Shen, W and Yang, N and Wan, F and Lü, Z and Liu, W},
title = {Multi-Condition Cultivation Reveals the Host Plant-Dependent Gut Bacteria Diversity in Tomato Leafminer (Tuta absoluta) Larvae.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010081},
pmid = {41598935},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {2024YFC2607600 and 2025YFC2609100//National Key Research and Development Program/ ; 2022TSYCCX0084//Tian-Shan Talent Program/ ; XZ202401ZY0031//Xi-Zang Key Research and Development Program/ ; XBZX-04//Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program/ ; },
abstract = {Tomato leafminer (Tuta absoluta) significantly affects tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and eggplant (Solanum melongena) crops worldwide, with its feeding patterns being closely associated with its gut microbiota. We aimed to compare the cultivable gut bacteria of T. absoluta larvae fed on tomato and eggplant to investigate their role in host adaptation. Gut bacteria were cultivated on Luria-Bertani broth, nutrient agar, and Brain Heart Infusion media under different temperature conditions, followed by morphology- and 16S rRNA-based identification. Notably, both feeding groups revealed distinct gut bacterial community structures. Tomato-fed larvae harbored bacteria spanning eight species, five genera, four families, and two phyla. In contrast, eggplant-fed larvae exhibited greater microbial diversity, encompassing 15 species, 10 genera, 9 families, and 3 phyla, including unique genera such as Pseudomonas and Pectobacterium, which was attributed to the host plant contribution. Enterococcus mundtii was the most dominant bacterium, and species such as Bacillus wiedmannii and Micrococcus luteus were most thermotolerant. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of multi-condition culture approaches for thoroughly characterizing insect gut microbiota and underscore the role of host plants in pest adaptability by modulating gut microbial communities, providing new insights for developing sustainable control strategies utilizing "plant-insect-microorganism" interactions.},
}

@article {pmid41598925,
year = {2026},
author = {Kang, JY and Jeong, G and An, IJ and Kim, K and Son, SH and Park, S},
title = {Endosymbiont Infections in Korean Insects: Patterns Across Orders and Habitat Types.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010071},
pmid = {41598925},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {NIE-B-2025-38//National Institute of Ecology/ ; },
abstract = {Endosymbiotic bacteria influence the ecology and evolution of insects through complex associations within host cells. To explore how these relationships vary among environments and taxa, we examined 1028 insect specimens from 14 orders across Korea for infections by three representative endosymbionts (Wolbachia, Rickettsia, and Spiroplasma). Overall, 33.8% of specimens were infected, with single infections predominating and co-infections remaining relatively less common. Weak-to-modest but statistically significant associations were detected between several symbiont pairs (Rickettsia-Spiroplasma, Wolbachia-Spiroplasma, and Wolbachia-Rickettsia). Infection rates exhibited no significant variation among host orders except for Spiroplasma, and Wolbachia infections were more frequently detected in terrestrial than in aquatic insects. These results indicate that endosymbiont infection patterns might be shaped by factors operating at multiple biological scales, including host taxonomy and habitat types. As this study relied on polymerase chain reaction detection, infection frequencies should be interpreted as comparative rather than absolute measures. This survey provides baseline data that might help characterize regional patterns of endosymbiont distributions and their variation across taxonomic and ecological contexts.},
}

@article {pmid41598867,
year = {2025},
author = {Mosore, MT and Mishra, S and Villa, M and Agbodzi, B and Estep, AS and Prasauskas, A and Qualls, WA and Killingsworth, D and Unlu, I and Tressler, M and Dinglasan, RR and Burgess, ER},
title = {A Tandem Metabarcoding and Taxonomic Forensics Approach to Surveillance of Mosquito-Plant Interactions for Culex quinquefasciatus in Florida.},
journal = {Insects},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/insects17010013},
pmid = {41598867},
issn = {2075-4450},
support = {31236//Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/ ; },
abstract = {Interactions with plants are an important aspect of mosquito vector biology and ecology because mosquitoes often use plants as nutritional resources. Plant DNA metabarcoding is a recent approach to address this topic. Culex quinquefasciatus is a vector of several important pathogens in Florida and is subject to significant control efforts, but no studies to date have explored what plants they may feed on. We addressed this by conducting a statewide collection of Cx. quinquefasciatus from six Florida counties and subjected them to plant DNA metabarcoding and cross-referenced the identified plants to a Florida state plant voucher database for each sampled county. A total of 30 families and 47 genera were identified. Plants included many that are cultivated and non-cultivated in Florida, including backyard garden produce, grasses, and some invasive species. Concurrence of plant families and genera was generally high in the respective sampled counties based on available plant vouchers. These data provide the first statewide survey of plants associated with Cx. quinquefasciatus in Florida. This information serves as an important basis for confirming plant taxa that are important to Cx. quinquefasciatus, which could translate to the development of better control strategies and tools.},
}

@article {pmid41596928,
year = {2026},
author = {Kizilkoy, IC and Tekle, S and Bozkurt, F and Goktas, H and Ozcan, FS and Yilmaz, M and Sagdic, O},
title = {Valorization of the Invasive Fish Atherina boyeri (Risso, 1810) as a Source of Protein Hydrolysates with Functional and Bioactive Properties.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods15020330},
pmid = {41596928},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {The invasive fish Atherina boyeri constitutes an ecologically disruptive yet underexploited biomass with strong potential for transformation into value-added biofunctional ingredients. This study investigates the functional, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties of protein hydrolysates that were produced from fish collected in the Hirfanlı and Yamula reservoirs using three commercial proteases (alcalase, bromelain, and flavourzyme). Bromelain produced the highest degree of hydrolysis, yielding higher proportions of low-molecular-weight peptides and greater radical-scavenging activity. Flavourzyme hydrolysates exhibited the most favorable emulsifying properties, Alcalase hydrolysates produced the highest foaming capacity and stability. All hydrolysates showed high absolute zeta-potential values across pH 3-9, demonstrating strong colloidal stability. Protein solubility remained above 80% across most pH levels, indicating extensive peptide release and improved compatibility with aqueous media. The Oil-binding capacity (2.78-3.75 mL/g) was consistent with reported values for marine hydrolysates. Antioxidant and antimicrobial evaluations revealed clear enzyme-dependent patterns, with Bromelain exhibiting the strongest DPPH activity and Alcalase and Flavourzyme showing the most pronounced inhibition of major foodborne pathogens. Additionally, all hydrolysates exhibited measurable ACE-inhibitory activity, with flavourzyme-derived peptides showing the highest inhibitory activity, underscoring their potential relevance for antihypertensive applications. These findings highlight the strategic valorization of A. boyeri through enzymatic hydrolysis, demonstrating its potential as a sustainable, clean-label functional ingredient source.},
}

@article {pmid41594906,
year = {2026},
author = {Qiao, Q and Chen, Y and Chen, J and Chen, T and Feng, H and Salum, YM and Wang, H and Tang, L and Zhang, H and Chen, Z and Lin, T and Wei, H and He, W},
title = {A Species-Specific COI PCR Approach for Discriminating Co-Occurring Thrips Species Using Crude DNA Extracts.},
journal = {Biology},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/biology15020171},
pmid = {41594906},
issn = {2079-7737},
support = {2024NZ029029//Major Project of Science and Technology of Fujian Province/ ; },
abstract = {Thrips are cosmopolitan agricultural pests and important vectors of plant viruses, and the increasing coexistence of multiple morphologically similar species has intensified the demand for species-specific molecular identification. However, traditional morphological identification and PCR assays using universal primers are often inadequate for mixed-species samples and field-adaptable application. In this study, we developed a species-specific molecular identification framework targeting a polymorphism-rich region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene, which is more time-efficient than sequencing-based COI DNA barcoding, for four economically important thrips species in southern China, including the globally invasive Frankliniella occidentalis. By aligning COI sequences, polymorphism-rich regions were identified and used to design four species-specific primer pairs, each containing a diagnostic 3'-terminal nucleotide. These primers were combined with a PBS-based DNA extraction workflow optimized for single-insect samples that minimizes dependence on column-based purification. The assay achieved a practical detection limit of 1 ng per reaction, demonstrated species-specific amplification, and maintained reproducible amplification at DNA inputs of ≥1 ng per reaction. Notably, PCR inhibition caused by crude extracts was effectively alleviated by fivefold dilution. Although the chemical identities of the inhibitors remain unknown, interspecific variation in inhibition strength was observed, with T. hawaiiensis exhibiting the strongest suppression, possibly due to differences in lysate composition. This integrated framework balances target specificity, operational simplicity, and dilution-mitigated inhibition, providing a field-adaptable tool for thrips species identification and invasive species monitoring. Moreover, it provides a species-specific molecular foundation for downstream integration with visual nucleic acid detection platforms, such as the CRISPR/Cas12a system, thereby facilitating the future development of portable molecular identification workflows for small agricultural pests.},
}

@article {pmid41594441,
year = {2026},
author = {Peng, Z and Tang, Q and Liang, H and Zhang, X and Wang, X and Li, Y and Ding, P and Mai, Y and Wang, X},
title = {High Dietary Supplementation of Procyanidin-Rich Grape Seed Powders Enhances the Growth Performance and Muscle Crispness of Crisped Grass Carp.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16020251},
pmid = {41594441},
issn = {2076-2615},
support = {No. 42177263//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 202201010740//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ ; A1-2601-25-414-112Z64//Xinglin Scholar Project, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {A comprehensive analysis was conducted to explore whether feeding inclusion procyanidin-rich grape seed powders (GSPs) affected the faba bean-induced muscle crispness in the aquaculture of crisped grass carp. The procyanidin content in the prepared GSP was 10.40 g/100 g. Additionally, one thousand 1-year-old grass carp with an initial weight of 27 g and an initial length of 12 cm were divided into five groups, including the blank control (basal diet); the positive control (faba bean diet); and the low (faba bean diet supplemented 100 mg/kg GSP), middle (faba bean diet supplemented 500 mg/kg GSP), and high (faba bean diet supplemented 1000 mg/kg GSP) GSP-supplemented groups. After feeding for 60 days, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor were elevated in the high-GSP-supplemented group in comparison with the blank control (p < 0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease in the feeding coefficient (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, a significant increase in muscle ROS content, shear force, gumminess, and chewiness was determined in the high-GSP-supplemented group when compared with the positive group, suggesting that a relatively high daily supplement of GSP facilitated muscle crispness. Moreover, the composition of intestine microbiota was significantly varied between groups with the daily addition of GSP (p < 0.05). Among them, Lactococcus chungangensis was identified as the key biomarker of the high-GSP-supplemented group, which was closely related to the increased muscle ROS content, the modifications in muscle nutritional metabolites (Met, C20:2n6, C20:3n6, C20:4n6, and C22:4n6), and the alterations in muscle texture (gumminess, chewiness, shear force, hardness, and adhesiveness). Based on these results, we believe that a relatively high daily supplement of GSP (1000 mg/kg) facilitated muscle crispness in the aquaculture of crisped grass carp.},
}

@article {pmid41594413,
year = {2026},
author = {Thoma, CT and Makridou, KN and Bakaloudis, DE},
title = {Spatial and Temporal Trends in the Invasion Dynamics of the Ring-Necked Parakeet (Psittacula krameri) in the Urban Complex of Thessaloniki, Greece.},
journal = {Animals : an open access journal from MDPI},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ani16020224},
pmid = {41594413},
issn = {2076-2615},
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose a major threat to global biodiversity, especially within Europe. Understanding their spatial and temporal dynamics is essential for effective management planning and implementation. The ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri, hereafter RNP) has been established in Greece for over four decades, yet its invasion dynamics remain unstudied despite pilling evidence of ecological impacts. During 2024 and 2025, we conducted repeated transect surveys across 99 1 km[2] grid squares within the urban complex of Thessaloniki to assess environmental factors influencing occupancy and abundance, and to estimate RNP population trends. Dynamic occupancy and N-mixture models revealed that both the presence and abundance of RNP were positively associated with the proportion of dense urban fabric and urban green areas. The proportion of occupied sites increased by more than 10% between survey years (2024-2025), while the estimated population growth rate for this interval was 1.64, signaling a substantial short-term increase. Our findings provide the first detailed evidence of an established and growing RNP population within the urban complex of Thessaloniki, Greece. Continued monitoring and research on ecological impacts are essential, while any management actions should be developed with public engagement to ensure social acceptance and long-term effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid41593392,
year = {2026},
author = {Mkechera, R and Dahiya, S},
title = {Advancements in the detection of invasive water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes): a critical review of monitoring techniques for aquatic ecosystem management.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {198},
number = {2},
pages = {179},
pmid = {41593392},
issn = {1573-2959},
mesh = {*Eichhornia ; *Introduced Species ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; *Ecosystem ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Eichhornia crassipes (water hyacinth) is globally recognized as an invasive species that adversely threatens freshwater ecosystems, ecological health, and economic stability. Its rapid proliferation obstructs waterways, reduces oxygen levels, and disrupts native biodiversity. In response to these challenges, researchers have increasingly adopted advanced computation techniques such as machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), remote sensing (RS), and hybrid approaches for the detection and monitoring of this species. This systematic review critically examines research published between 2012 and 2025, focusing on three core dimensions: the detection and monitoring techniques employed, the datasets used, and the performance metrics used to evaluate model effectiveness. A total of 74 peer-reviewed articles were analyzed from leading scientific databases. The review identifies key trends, including the increasing use of deep learning models between 2023 and 2025 and the variation in evaluation metrics across primary studies. Additionally, this study highlights the current limitations in dataset availability and the standardization of evaluation metrics. The findings aim to inform future research directions, promote methodological consistency, and support the development of robust, scalable strategies for the environmental monitoring of aquatic invasive species.},
}

*Eichhornia
*Introduced Species
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
*Ecosystem
Animals

@article {pmid41591679,
year = {2026},
author = {Xue, Y and Wang, W and Lu, Y and Chen, J and Zhang, G and Liu, W and Wan, F and He, Z and Zhang, Y},
title = {Genetic Diversity and Endosymbiont Infection Patterns of the Greenhouse Whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, in China.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {55},
number = {1},
pages = {3},
pmid = {41591679},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {110202401016(LS-06)//Major Special Projects for Green Pest Control, China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics ; China ; *Symbiosis ; *Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics ; Haplotypes ; },
abstract = {The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a globally invasive pest that affects both horticultural and agricultural systems, causing substantial economic losses. However, comprehensive studies on its invasion genetics and associated symbiotic landscape in China are lacking. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and examined the infection patterns of six key secondary endosymbionts in 1702 individuals from 73 populations across 18 provinces in China. Phylogenetic analysis incorporating global sequences revealed that Chinese populations are comprised of ten haplotypes. Genetic diversity was extremely low, with haplotype H1 being overwhelmingly dominant (97.60% of individuals) and shared with global invasive lineages. Endosymbiont screening showed a high prevalence of Arsenophonus (78.56%) and Hamiltonella (44.98%), with frequent co-infections. These results suggest that the widespread invasion of T. vaporariorum in China likely originated from a limited number of founder individuals, resulting in a significant genetic bottleneck. The invasion success appears to be associated with a "genotype-symbiotype complex"-the dominant H1 maternal lineage combined with a beneficial symbiotic toolkit. These findings provide insights into the invasion dynamics of this pest and implications for targeted control strategies.},
}

Animals
*Hemiptera/microbiology/genetics
China
*Symbiosis
*Genetic Variation
Phylogeny
Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics
Haplotypes

@article {pmid41589066,
year = {2026},
author = {Sessi, IR and Henderson, JB and Martin, JA and Skehel, A and Pozo, G and Guillén Alcides, JA and de Ferran, V and Dumbacher, JP and Chaves, JA},
title = {First Whole-Genome Assembly of the Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) Using Oxford Nanopore Sequencing to Advance Conservation Genomics in a Critically Endangered Seabird.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkag004},
pmid = {41589066},
issn = {2160-1836},
abstract = {The Galápagos Petrel (Pterodroma phaeopygia) is a critically endangered procellariiform seabird endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Once abundant, its populations have sharply declined due to invasive predators, habitat degradation, and destruction of nest burrows. Although the species is distributed across several islands, the demographics of each population and their genetic relationships are poorly understood. To facilitate future studies of population structure and connectivity, we present the first high-quality reference genome for the Galápagos Petrel. The genome was assembled solely from ultra-long Oxford Nanopore sequence data collected from an adult female sampled on San Cristóbal Island. Sequencing was performed at the Galapagos Science Center, building local capacity for the generation of genomic data in remote regions. The final nuclear genome assembly spans 1.35 Gb in length, with average coverage of 36.07x, scaffold N50 of 74.2 Mb, and a BUSCO completeness of 99.95%. The genome comprises 41 pseudo-chromosomes, with 23 spanning from telomere to telomere and 16, including W and Z chromosomes, containing a single telomere. Chromosomal-level scaffolding by reference was performed using the genome of Cory's Shearwater (Calonectris borealis) GCA_964196065.2 (Arànega et al., 2024), a closely related species. This reference genome provides a foundational tool for comparative genomics, conservation biology, and functional studies of island-endemic avifauna, and demonstrates that recent advances in basecalling and error correction now enable ONT-only datasets to achieve assemblies comparable in quality to those generated using short-read or PacBio HiFi data. It will also facilitate future efforts to characterize genetic diversity, structural variation, and adaptive responses in this critically endangered species.},
}

@article {pmid41588497,
year = {2026},
author = {Ji, W and Dong, Z and Luo, M and Fu, B and Sheng, Q and Han, J},
title = {Optimized fermentation of Myxococcus fulvus WCH05 enhances biocontrol of pear fire blight in the field.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12866-026-04778-2},
pmid = {41588497},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {2021D01D12//Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; 2024B04030//Autonomous region Key R & D Program of Xinjiang, China/ ; 2021YFD1400200//National Key R&D Program of China/ ; },
}

@article {pmid41587648,
year = {2026},
author = {Tejeda, C and Pérez, N and Escobar, F and Iturra, D and Aristizábal, B and Raffo, E and Moroni, M and Salgado, M and Hernández, FA},
title = {Molecular evidence of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) shedding in the invasive American mink (Neogale vison) in southern Chile.},
journal = {Acta tropica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107991},
doi = {10.1016/j.actatropica.2026.107991},
pmid = {41587648},
issn = {1873-6254},
abstract = {Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (paratuberculosis), a chronic enteritis affecting domestic and wild ruminants worldwide. While MAP transmission primarily occurs among livestock, increasing attention has been given to the role of wildlife in the maintenance and spread of this pathogen. Invasive species, such as the American mink (Neogale vison), may serve as unexpected source of infection or mechanical vectors for MAP, especially in regions where wildlife and domestic animals share habitats. In this study, we performed a specific MAP-IS900 real-time PCR assay to detect bacterial DNA in mesenteric lymph nodes (MesLN) (n=401) and colonic/rectal fecal swabs (n=346) from minks in Los Ríos region, Chile. We detected MAP DNA in 16% and 10% of minks in MesLN and fecal swabs, respectively, while 4% of minks were MAP qPCR-positive in both MesLN and fecal swab samples. Considering specimens with known sex and age, we detected MAP DNA in 22% of minks in either MesLN or fecal swabs, where 21% of males and 22% of females were MAP qPCR-positives, and 15% of juveniles, 25% of subadults, and 21% of adults were MAP DNA-positive in at least one sample type. Our study is the first report on MAP detection in this non-ruminant carnivore in Chile, raising further questions about interspecies transmission dynamics and the potential environmental dissemination of this bacterial agent. These findings highlight the need for broader surveillance strategies that incorporate wildlife, particularly invasive species, into MAP control programs.},
}

@article {pmid41584083,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, H and Wang, Y and Chen, Y and Shan, C and Wang, J and Wang, R and Shao, Y and Xu, J and Yao, X and Chen, K},
title = {Climate-driven invasion of Pomacea canaliculata and Angiostrongylus cantonensis transmission risk: Ecological niche modeling forecasts and public-health governance recommendations.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101315},
pmid = {41584083},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {Global climate change is rapidly reshaping species distribution patterns worldwide. Pomacea canaliculata (golden apple snail), an important invasive species in many countries, has experienced accelerated range expansion driven by climate change and anthropogenic activities. Owing to its high phenotypic plasticity, broad environmental tolerance, and high fecundity, this species causes severe agricultural damage and biodiversity loss. Importantly, P. canaliculata is a highly competent intermediate host of the rat lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the causative agent of human eosinophilic meningitis, posing a growing public health threat. This article synthesizes the biological traits, invasion mechanisms, and ecological impacts of P. canaliculata, together with the transmission cycle and epidemiology of A. cantonensis. Using the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) model under two future climate scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5), we projected the spatiotemporal dynamics of suitable habitat for P. canaliculata. Current distributions are primarily driven by hydrothermal factors, with annual precipitation (BIO12) and maximum temperature of the warmest month (BIO5) exerting dominant influences, resulting in high suitability across tropical and subtropical regions. Under future warming, habitat suitability is projected to decline in low-latitude regions while expanding poleward, with increased fragmentation under SSP5-8.5. High-stability resilience hotspots, including the lower Yangtze River Basin and the Mississippi River Basin, are identified as priority areas for management. Based on these projections, we propose a precision governance framework integrating niche-based risk stratification, low-toxicity biocontrol, habitat management, cross-border surveillance, and public education to support climate-adaptive prevention of invasive species and parasite transmission.},
}

@article {pmid41583883,
year = {2026},
author = {Salinas, H and Veneklaas, EJ and Trevenen, E and Renton, M},
title = {Plant Root Architectural Traits Mediate a Trade-Off Between Suppression and Tolerance of Competitors.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72977},
pmid = {41583883},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Plants' competitive ability involves both suppressing the growth of neighbours (competitive effect) and resisting or tolerating their suppression (competitive response). Competition for below-ground resources must be related to the ability of plants to acquire these resources, which is mediated by roots and their morphology. However, the role of root architecture in the competitive ability of plants, and in the possible trade-offs among growth potential, competitive suppression and competition tolerance involved, has not been extensively studied. We used a functional-structural root model coupled with an evolutionary algorithm to simulate the evolution of root architectures in five scenarios with different plant densities. We asked (1) does selection under different intraspecific competition scenarios result in different root architectures? and (2) do differences in these architectures result in differences in growth potential and competitive ability, that is, competitive effect and response? Our results indicate that as the number of neighbours increases, selection on traits such as branching angles, gravitropism and branching probability results in root architectures that are deeper and sparser, resulting in lower shoot biomass. We also found a difference in competitive ability among architectures, with a trade-off between resistance to competition on one hand, and competitive effect and maximum productivity (maximum shoot biomass) on the other: there is not a globally optimal strategy. Our findings have implications for management of invasive species, improvement of crop yield and the study of species co-existence.},
}

@article {pmid41580856,
year = {2026},
author = {Leite, L and Samake, JN and Tadesse, FG and Irish, SR and Dotson, EM and Zohdy, S},
title = {An evaluation of longitudinal Anopheles stephensi egg viability and resistance to desiccation at different thermal conditions over time.},
journal = {Parasites & vectors},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13071-026-07245-z},
pmid = {41580856},
issn = {1756-3305},
support = {HHSN272201600013C/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Anopheles stephensi, a malaria vector in South Asia and parts of the Middle East, has been detected as an invasive species in numerous African countries in recent years. It threatens to increase malaria disease burden and reverse gains made in malaria control and elimination. To halt further expansion, it is critical to understand the biological characteristics that may have facilitated An. stephensi range expansion. In its invasive range, An. stephensi larvae have been found to colonizea rtificial containers, many of which are shared with Aedes aegypti. The success of Ae. aegypti as an invasive vector is often attributed to the use of artificial containers and the ability of Ae. aegypti eggs toremain viable in the absence of water for months. While An. stephensi is found in artificial containers, itis unclear whether the eggs can remain viable without water for extended periods.

METHODS: In this study, we used two laboratory strains of An. stephensi (SDA500 and STE2)and one Ae. aegypti strain (LVP-IB12) to evaluate 1) whether An. stephensi eggs can remainviable like Ae. aegypti when egg substrates are completely dried and 2) assess egg viabilityduration at varying temperatures when eggs are held on a moistened substrate in a highhumidity environment.

RESULTS: An. stephensi egg viability and subsequent larval survival was observed consistently when moistened egg sheets were held at 15˚C in a high humidity environment forup to 14 days in both strains. An. stephensi eggs were not viable when completely dried, exceptwhen the protocol was amended to include a 15°C storage temperature. Though egg viability and larval survival was observed in the amended protocol for SDA500 and STE2 (16% and 21% respectively), it was significantly less than that of LVP-IB12 (83%) and was only observed in the eggs stored for the shortest timepoint.

CONCLUSIONS: These fi ndings suggest that An. stephensi may remain viable if eggs are transported underideal conditions (15˚C and >75% RH) through trade routes. Thus, the persistence of An. stephensi eggs inthe absence of water should be considered in programs that engage in surveillance and control of An. stephensi in Africa.},
}

@article {pmid41420956,
year = {2026},
author = {Gavioli, A and Mancinelli, G and Eggleston, DB and Christian, RR and Turolla, E and Lanzoni, M and Soana, E and Rossetti, E and Gottardo, A and Vidal, L and Zentilin, A and Castaldelli, G},
title = {A potential bottom-up cascade on the abundance of invasive Atlantic blue crab Callinectes sapidus in northwestern Adriatic lagoons.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {215},
number = {},
pages = {107801},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107801},
pmid = {41420956},
issn = {1879-0291},
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Mediterranean Sea ; Fisheries ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; Salinity ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {The introduction of the Atlantic blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) in the Mediterranean Sea dates back to the 1900s; however, the species has recently spread in the region resulting in negative impacts on the structure and functions of invaded ecosystems and local fisheries. This study investigated the covariation between spatiotemporal dynamics of the Atlantic blue crab fishery landings (catch-per-unit-area; CPUE) and environmental explanatory variables (i.e., salinity, water temperature, nitrate and chlorophyll-a used as a proxy of primary productivity) over a four-year period (2020-2023) in four key lagoonal ecosystems of the North Adriatic Sea. Our results showed that the marked increase in Atlantic blue crab CPUE in all studied lagoons since 2020 was strongly related with local primary productivity which likely supports a greater abundance of food resources for the suspension feeding Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), a key prey for blue crabs and one of the most important fisheries in the region. Conversely, salinity and water temperature, two key parameters regulating blue crab biology, i.e., mating and subsequent larval spawning, did not significantly influence CPUE in the studied lagoons. These results suggest that primary production in the lagoons, which directly influences food availability (e.g., Manila clams) for the Atlantic blue crab, is the primary factor driving its apparent invasion success in the study area. Our results provide new insights into understanding the environmental factors that promote its invasion and spread, allowing for targeted control measures such as managed fisheries and water quality.},
}

Animals
*Brachyura/physiology
*Introduced Species
Mediterranean Sea
Fisheries
*Environmental Monitoring
Ecosystem
Salinity
Population Dynamics

@article {pmid41580417,
year = {2026},
author = {Ramachandran, A and Manickavasagam, M and Hariharan, S and Kanmani, S and Mathan, M and Ahamed Ibrahim, SN and Pavithrapriya, S and Praveenkumar, P and Geetha, R and Sathyapriya, K and Kumar, DS and Yasar Arafath, KA and Vijaya Kumar, VS and Balaji, L and Joseph, K},
title = {Climate-induced shifts in habitat suitability of forest types and adaptation strategies in the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-22362-y},
pmid = {41580417},
issn = {2045-2322},
abstract = {Climate change poses a critical threat to forest ecosystems, particularly in biodiversity hotspots such as the Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu. This study aims to assess the current and future habitat suitability of dominant tree species representing evergreen, deciduous, and thorn forests using the MaxEnt species distribution model under the SSP2-4.5 climate scenario. A total of 240 geo-referenced occurrence points, along with 19 bioclimatic and topographic variables, were used to predict species-specific habitat changes for the near future (2021-2050), based on downscaled EC-Earth3 CMIP6 climate data. The model projects a significant decline in habitat suitability for evergreen (- 248.72 sq. km) and deciduous (- 720.21 sq. km) forests, while thorn forests are expected to expand by + 968.93 sq. km. District-level analysis highlights hotspots of change, such as Coimbatore (- 50.41 sq. km in evergreen and + 74.46 sq. km in thorn forest) and Erode (- 182.83 sq. km in deciduous and + 184.45 sq. km in thorn forest). These shifts are primarily driven by rising temperatures, increased precipitation seasonality, and changing elevation-related microclimates. The projected expansion of xerophytic thorn forests and concurrent contraction of mesic forests underscores a potential biome-level transition that may reduce biodiversity, alter carbon dynamics, and increase ecological vulnerability. To address these risks, adaptive strategies such as invasive species control, fire management, soil and water conservation, and multi-layered afforestation using native species are recommended. The findings emphasize the need for climate-resilient forest management, community-based conservation, and long-term ecological monitoring. This study offers spatially explicit insights to inform policy and conservation planning under a changing climate.},
}

@article {pmid41580390,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, Z and Chi, Y and Liu, Z and Zhang, X and Zhang, G},
title = {National coastal wetland mapping over the last four decades: An annual classification with high accuracy.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41597-026-06570-3},
pmid = {41580390},
issn = {2052-4463},
support = {tsqn202408293//Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province/ ; 42071116//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {As a critical component of global wetland ecosystems, coastal wetlands are facing dual pressures from climate change and human activities, highlighting the urgent need for a precise classification dataset with large spatial scale and high temporal resolution. The national coastal wetland mappings year by year over the last four decades are crucial for coastal integrated management. A robust and automated classification method was developed based on coastline delineation and integrations of multiple algorithms. By analyzing more than 60,000 Landsat images of China's coastal areas and incorporating field survey validation data, an annual coastal wetland spatial distribution dataset with 30-meter spatial resolution spanning from 1985 to 2024 was established. The dataset obtained an average Kappa coefficient of 0.957 and a range from 0.978 to 0.935, and the average overall accuracy was 97.6% with a range of 97.12% - 97.85%. The proposed method has achieved high-precision annual coastal wetland spatial datasets and effectively monitored the impacts of invasive species and ecological restoration projects on interannual changes in coastal wetlands.},
}

@article {pmid41580113,
year = {2026},
author = {Lammers, M and Gorkum, TAMV and Hoeijmans, S and Kraaijeveld, K and Harvey, JA and Ellers, J},
title = {Lipids as currency in parasitoid competition: Interactions between two lipid-scavenging species.},
journal = {Journal of insect physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {104942},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinsphys.2026.104942},
pmid = {41580113},
issn = {1879-1611},
abstract = {Lipid scavengers are organisms that rely on exogenous lipid acquisition as they lack the ability to synthesize fatty acids de novo or in sufficient quantity. Most parasitoid wasps are lipid scavengers and obtain required lipids by feeding on their hosts as larvae. Here, we studied the nutritional ecology of competitive interactions and the possibility of trophic flexibility between a native species, the pupal ectoparasitoid Nasonia vitripennis and an exotic species, the larval-pupal endoparasitoid, Tachinaephagus zealandicus. While the former species has been shown to alter host lipid content to their own benefit, we show that T. zealandicus also relies on host lipids. Competitive interactions between the two species were studied using non-choice tests, in which oviposition of T. zealandicus on a host was followed by multiparasitism by N. vitripennis. . The outcome of competition was determined by the duration of the time lag between oviposition events. N. vitripennis prevailed when arriving three days after oviposition by T. zealandicus. In contrast, nine days after oviposition by T. zealandicus, no N. vitripennis offspring survived. Only when N. vitripennis laid eggs fifteen days after T. zealandicus did both species emerge from the same host. This suggests that successful emergence of N. vitripennis in this treatment was achieved through hyperparasitism. Choice experiments with hosts at different time intervals after T. zealandicus oviposition revealed a partial mismatch in N. vitripennis females between competition avoidance and offspring performance, which may be linked to the limited co-evolutionary time interval between the native and introduced species. We discuss the role of lipids in the context of interspecific competition in parasitoids.},
}

@article {pmid41578451,
year = {2026},
author = {Chouvenc, T},
title = {Ongoing monitoring of the spread of 2 invasive subterranean termite species (Coptotermes Wasmann) in Florida (1990 to 2025).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf370},
pmid = {41578451},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//USDA-NIFA Hatch/ ; #32742//Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/ ; },
abstract = {Within the past 4 decades, the 2 invasive and destructive subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Coptotermes gestroi (Wasmann), have established in and spread throughout Florida. Monitoring efforts, initiated in the early 1990s, have substantially expanded in the past decade, providing improved resolution of where the 2 species have increased their distribution, allowing for the determination of which communities are most at risk of infestation by either species. This study provides insights on the outcome of the "Florida Termite ID Services" program, which has involved a growing number of participating pest control companies across the state over the years. Thanks to this enhanced monitoring effort, there is now concrete evidence that the Formosan subterranean termite (C. formosanus) has established in most Florida coastal counties and within most large urban areas across the state. Contrary to initial expectations, the Asian subterranean termite (C. gestroi) has established in new localities beyond South Florida, where it was initially restricted, now impacts a growing number of communities. In South Florida specifically, the initial projection that 50% of the metropolitan area will likely be at risk of infestation by either termite species by ∼2040, remains valid. This study highlights the importance of monitoring the spread of these 2 invasive species in partnership with pest control providers, so as to continue to bring awareness of the growing termite risks to exposed communities.},
}

@article {pmid41575584,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, Y and Xu, Q and Sun, F and Wang, X and Zhou, W and Yue, M and Gao, L and Li, W},
title = {Potassium-Solubilizing Bacteria Mediate Light-Potassium Synergy to Enable Native Pueraria lobata to Outcompete Invasive Mikania micrantha.},
journal = {Microbial ecology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00248-026-02695-5},
pmid = {41575584},
issn = {1432-184X},
support = {2022A1515011169//National Natural Science Foundation of China-Guangdong Joint Fund/ ; 2023S017084//Guangdong Province Science and Technology Innovation Strategic Special Project/ ; 2022s037//the Maoming City Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; 32172430//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive vine Mikania micrantha H. B. K. poses severe threats to biodiversity and ecosystem stability in tropical and subtropical regions, calling for sustainable ecological approaches. This study explores how the native legume Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii Benth displaces M. micrantha in the field, with a focus on the synergistic roles of light capture advantage and rhizosphere potassium (K) dynamics driven by specialized bacteria. In competitive ecotones, P. lobata demonstrated superior growth and photosynthetic performance relative to M. micrantha. Its main stem length was 1.31 times greater, while net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll content were 80%, 110.7%, and 21.4% higher, respectively. Soils associated with P. lobata contained significantly higher available K, correlated with enhanced enzyme activities, indicating a "microbe-enzyme-K" activation cascade. P. lobata specifically enriched efficient potassium‑solubilizing bacteria (KSB), such as Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Isolated KSB strains exhibited K‑solubilizing and plant‑growth‑promoting capacities and increased the competitive balance index of P. lobata in inoculation assays. Partial least‑squares discriminant analysis confirmed that KSB‑mediated K mobilization boosted stem elongation primarily by improving photosynthetic potassium use efficiency (PKUE), forming a reinforcing "light-K-microbe" loop that drives competitive displacement. This work establishes a "microbe‑mediated invasion suppression" framework, demonstrating how a native plant can couple superior light‑use efficiency with a specialized rhizosphere microbiome to outcompete an invasive species. We propose that managing potassium‑solubilizing microbiomes offers a sustainable strategy for ecological restoration in K‑limited ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid41575557,
year = {2026},
author = {Shah, SMR and Hadayat, N and Shafqat, J and Hameed, M and Ahmad, MSA and Ahmad, F and Zia, M and Abbas, Z and Parveen, Z and Ashraf, M and Iqbal, U and Asghar, A and Fatima, S and Basharat, S},
title = {Root microstructural traits regulate ion homeostasis in bush morning glory (Ipomoea carnea Jacq.) for invasiveness success in saline environments.},
journal = {Die Naturwissenschaften},
volume = {113},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
pmid = {41575557},
issn = {1432-1904},
}

@article {pmid41568693,
year = {2026},
author = {Bonebrake, TC},
title = {Extinction threats from anthropogenic climate change and overexploitation interactions.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0429},
pmid = {41568693},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee/ ; },
mesh = {*Climate Change ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Biodiversity ; *Anthropogenic Effects ; *Introduced Species ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Animals ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Over the past century and into the present, rates of overexploitation of species globally have increased significantly (for large species and small) coupled with human-caused global warming. Here, I document the primary mechanisms of extinction caused by combinations of overexploitation and climate change. Species affected in the past by one or the other (e.g. leading to distribution reduction) are often those most vulnerable to one or both (e.g. exploitation of remnant populations). There are also important trait and genetic consequences of both climate change and overexploitation that can render species vulnerable to on-going biodiversity threats. Together, changes in distributions, population sizes and traits caused by both climate change and overexploitation can lead to complex outcomes for species. Particularly in the face of habitat loss, invasive species, pollution and other escalating biodiversity threats in the Anthropocene, the combined effects of overexploitation and climate change are certain to have widespread consequences for ecosystems and the future of biodiversity. Advancement in our understanding of how these threats drive extinction and biodiversity change will provide support for improved management decisions to mitigate these consequences for human health and well-being. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}

*Climate Change
*Extinction, Biological
*Biodiversity
*Anthropogenic Effects
*Introduced Species
*Conservation of Natural Resources
Animals
Humans

@article {pmid41568689,
year = {2026},
author = {Carlton, JT and Schwindt, E},
title = {The concept of biological invasions in the Anthropocene: introductions and range expansions.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0420},
pmid = {41568689},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Animals ; *Animal Distribution ; Humans ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {In the warming world of the Anthropocene, as well as classically, biological invasions include introductions (introduced species) and range expansions, both of which describe the arrival of species into regions where they did not occur historically (but where they may have existed prehistorically). Such species may then become important actors on the ecological stage and may also impact many axes of human society, including the economy and health. Here we offer a detailed clarification on why range expansions are fully accommodated within the framework of biological invasions, based upon fundamental biogeographic and ecological-evolutionary principles. Critically, range expansions may occur owing to both dispersal by ocean currents, winds or birds, and by anthropogenic vectors transporting species into regions previously too cold for colonization. Thus, many range expansions may in fact be human-mediated introductions. We emphasize that invasion (as opposed to invasive) is a biogeographic concept and does not imply any particular type or level of impact. An invasion is an invasion, regardless of the source, vector, rates of movement, presumed evolutionary familiarity of arriving species with resident taxa in the sink region, geological history (prehistoric occurrences), genetics, ecology, biology or predicted consequences of a species' arrival, including predicted intensity of impacts. All of these attributes are fundamental aspects of understanding a species' past, present and future history, but do not remove a species from the category of being a new arrival in historical time in a community. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}

*Introduced Species
*Biological Evolution
Animals
*Animal Distribution
Humans
Climate Change

@article {pmid41568688,
year = {2026},
author = {Weerachai, L and Yasuhara, M and Wei, CL and Zhang, J and Hong, Y and Chiu, WR and Albano, PG and Hyams-Kaphzan, O},
title = {Ostracod introductions show how the Lessepsian invasion is undermining the unique evolutionary history of the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2025.0192},
pmid = {41568688},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China/ ; //The University of Hong Kong's Seed Funding Programme for Basic Research/ ; //SKLMP Seed Collaborative Research Fund/ ; //The Austrian Science Fund/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Crustacea/physiology ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Biological Evolution ; *Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Fossils ; *Animal Distribution ; },
abstract = {The Lessepsian invasion, the largest marine biological invasion from the Indo-Pacific to the Mediterranean via the Suez Canal, can be regarded as a partial human-induced reversal of the main direction of geological-time-scale biodiversity shifts from the Tethys Sea (present Mediterranean) to the Coral Triangle (southeast Asia and Melanesia) over tens of million years. To fully understand this macroevolutionary 'round trip', we need to investigate marine taxonomic groups with high fossilization potential and excellent fossil records. One such group is ostracods (Crustacea). While ostracods are well studied in regard to their Cenozoic biodiversity shifts, almost nothing is known about their role in the Lessepsian invasion. Here, we investigate present-day shallow-marine assemblages from surface sediment samples of the Israeli shelf (eastern Mediterranean) to investigate the occurrence of non-indigenous ostracods, identifying potentially eight such species. Based on our assessment of their geographical distribution, many of them belong to lineages that moved from Tethys to the central Indo-Pacific during the Cenozoic, before the counter migration to the Mediterranean. This is the first comprehensive assessment of ostracods during the Lessepsian invasion and an important step forward to a fuller understanding of this unique 'round trip' that undermines the biogeographical and evolutionary uniqueness of the Mediterranean ecosystem. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}

Animals
*Crustacea/physiology
Mediterranean Sea
*Biological Evolution
*Introduced Species
*Biodiversity
Fossils
*Animal Distribution

@article {pmid41568687,
year = {2026},
author = {Cohen, AN},
title = {Signals of coastal marine bioinvasions in the geological record.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0437},
pmid = {41568687},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {*Aquatic Organisms/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Fossils ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Changes resulting from anthropogenic biological invasions in coastal marine and estuarine waters may be preserved as signals in the fossil record. Three types of signals-species appearances, species reductions or disappearances and morphological changes in fossil remains-are discussed. Biological invasions recognized in the geological record have often been characterized by multiple species moving along a new physical connection between two previously isolated regions; however, the signal from anthropogenic marine invasions (with the possible exception of invasions through major canals) will be more diffuse, owing to the multiplicity of invasion routes and frequent changes in the dominant invasion vectors over geologically short periods of time. Governing authorities could limit the anthropogenic marine invasion signal by adequately regulating the transport and release of marine species from one part of the world to another. Unfortunately, even for what is arguably the most important and easiest to manage of modern marine invasion vectors-organisms carried in ships' ballast water tanks-the world's governments have so far failed to take the most obvious regulatory actions. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene'.},
}

*Aquatic Organisms/physiology
*Introduced Species
*Fossils
Animals

@article {pmid41568686,
year = {2026},
author = {Dudgeon, D and Liew, JH},
title = {Welcome to the Homogenocene? Trajectories of change in global freshwater fish biodiversity during the Anthropocene: evidence from tropical East Asia.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1942},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2024.0424},
pmid = {41568686},
issn = {1471-2970},
mesh = {Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Fishes/physiology ; *Climate Change ; Fresh Water ; Asia, Eastern ; *Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Interactions between climate change and anthropogenic stressors such as poor water quality and habitat degradation have had deleterious consequences for freshwater biodiversity, enhancing the spread of non-native species tolerant of a range of conditions, while reducing the resilience of native species. Analysis of freshwater fishes (Actinopterygii) reveals a gradual rise in the proportion of non-native species, and the homogenization of biotas since the start of the Anthropocene has accelerated in recent years. This process has been more apparent in some regions, but after a slight lag, less impacted regions, such as East Asia, are catching up, and the greater prevalence of non-native species has increased assemblage homogeneity. Using examples from human-dominated landscapes in tropical East Asia, especially China, we describe the increasing dominance of non-native fishes (NNF) in degraded or novel habitats. In highly urbanized Hong Kong and Singapore, their richness has grown to exceed the number of native species. They include fishes introduced for aquaculture and a growing variety imported for tropical aquaria. Species that have life-history adaptations with no analogues among their East Asian counterparts have become particularly successful. As climate-change 'winners', NNF will become more prevalent in a warmer world, leaving a distinctive Anthropocene fingerprint upon freshwater ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'The biosphere in the Anthropocene.'},
}

Animals
*Biodiversity
*Fishes/physiology
*Climate Change
Fresh Water
Asia, Eastern
*Introduced Species

@article {pmid41568019,
year = {2026},
author = {Gould, J and Beranek, C},
title = {Gene Flooding: Proposal to Flood Invasive Populations With Inbred Individuals as a Form of Low-Tech Genetic Control.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72913},
pmid = {41568019},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Genetic controls are at the cutting edge of invasive species management whereby modified individuals are released into target populations to induce declines by disrupting their reproductive potential. Yet, such methods are not always feasible without considerable costs and expertise. We propose an alternative, low-tech genetic approach that reduces the genetic diversity of invasive wild populations by flooding them with related individuals from an inbred colony that have been derived from a single ancestral line. We refer to this process as 'gene flooding' and explore its potential use to control invasive mosquitofish, Gambusia spp. Using this hypothetical approach, the repeated release of inbred individuals across multiple generations inflicts sustained genetic bottlenecking on a target population as the frequency of gene variants from the wild population are diluted in the gene pool, causing saturation with a small subset of gene variants derived from the inbred colony. Our simulation of gene flooding demonstrates evidence of its capacity to cause the loss of wild type genetics and to keep a wild population in a suspended genetic state thereafter, because it is being pumped with a static allele pool and continuously over many generations. These processes suppress the population's ability to adapt to evolutionary pressures it experiences in the habitat it has invaded. It may be possible to disrupt the genetic integrity of small and isolated invasive populations using low-tech genetic controls such as gene flooding, which requires real-world testing.},
}

@article {pmid41568016,
year = {2026},
author = {Mu, C and Wang, J},
title = {Predicting the Potential Spread of Invasive Reptiles From Hong Kong and Taiwan to Other Regions of China.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {e72947},
pmid = {41568016},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Biological invasions pose significant threats to global ecosystems, with invasive reptiles causing particular concern due to their increasing spread through international trade and potential range expansion under climate change. This study investigated the potential spread of five invasive reptile species that have established breeding populations in Hong Kong and Taiwan but have not yet invaded mainland China. Using the Maximum Entropy algorithm in Species Distribution Models, we integrated global occurrence records with current and future environmental variables to predict suitable habitats and potential distribution changes under different climate scenarios. We assess invasion risk based on the current and future distribution ranges of suitable habitats for invasive species. Our study results indicate the brown anole (Anolis sagrei) has the widest predicted distribution range, with suitable habitats across most regions of China, thus posing the highest invasion risk. The veiled chameleon (Chamaeleo calyptratus), Brook's house gecko (Hemidactylus brookii), and the green iguana (Iguana iguana) also present elevated invasion risks, as their suitable habitats are primarily located in southern China. In contrast, the monarch gecko (Gekko monarchus) has extremely low invasion potential, with only a small number of suitable habitats found along the southern coastal regions of China. Temperature and precipitation emerged as the primary factors influencing species distribution. Future climate projections indicate that the suitable habitats for all species will significantly expand, with distribution centers notably shifting northward and inland, particularly under high greenhouse gas emission scenarios. This study underscores the importance of species-specific management strategies and enhanced biosecurity measures, especially in regions identified as high-risk areas. It provides valuable evidence for developing proactive measures to prevent the spread of these high-risk invasive reptiles from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China.},
}

@article {pmid41567863,
year = {2025},
author = {Castro, JP and Degrandi, TM and Leal, AO and Ferreira Júnior, AL and de Almeida, MC and Artoni, RF},
title = {A diverse satellite DNA repertoire in Limnoperna fortunei: insights into genome structure and chromosomal organization.},
journal = {Frontiers in molecular biosciences},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1733652},
pmid = {41567863},
issn = {2296-889X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Golden Mussel, Limnoperna fortunei, represents one of the most successful aquatic invaders in South America, causing significant ecological and economic impacts. Repetitive DNA sequences, particularly satellite DNAs (satDNAs), play crucial roles in genome architecture and evolution, yet the satDNA landscape of this invasive species remains largely uncharacterized. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the satellitome of L. fortunei using integrated computational and cytogenetic approaches.

METHODS: We employed a read-clustering approach (RepeatExplorer2) to identify satDNA families from short-read genomic data. The identified families were then mapped onto the chromosome-level reference genome in silico to determine their chromosomal distribution. The physical localization of two representative satDNA families with contrasting distribution patterns was validated through fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on meiotic chromosomes.

RESULTS: Our analysis identified 129 distinct satDNA families, which were estimated to comprise approximately 9.1% of the genome based on read clustering. Subsequent in silico mapping successfully localized 126 of these families to the reference genome, where they collectively represented approximately 5.3% of the assembled chromosomes. Most families showed low divergence levels (0%-5% Kimura substitutions), suggesting recent amplification events. While most satDNAs were distributed across all 15 chromosomes, FISH analysis of two distinct families revealed contrasting distribution patterns: LfoSat025 showed preferential localization to pericentromeric regions, while LfoSat004 exhibited localized enrichment in specific chromosomal regions, demonstrating diverse organizational strategies within the satellitome. Meiotic analysis revealed normal chromosome pairing (15 bivalents), with no evidence of differentiated sex chromosomes, consistent with the species' predominantly gonochoristic reproductive mode.

CONCLUSION: This study provides the first comprehensive characterization of the L. fortunei satellitome, revealing a diverse and recently amplified repetitive landscape. The discrepancy between the genome-wide abundance (9.1%) and the mapped abundance (5.3%) highlights the challenges of assembling repetitive regions and underscores the value of using complementary methodologies. The identification of chromosome-specific satDNA markers establishes a foundation for developing molecular tools for invasion monitoring, including population genetic analyses to trace invasion routes and identify source populations. These findings contribute to understanding the role of repetitive DNA in genome evolution and the adaptive success of invasive species.},
}

@article {pmid41567794,
year = {2026},
author = {Eisenring, M and Roe, AD and Queloz, V and St Amour, J and Li, Z and Perret-Gentil, A and Schertler, E and Glauser, G and Sahli, M and Gossner, MM},
title = {A recent ash dieback infection neither affects emerald ash borer performance nor triggers a substantial systemic phytochemical defense response in European ash.},
journal = {Journal of pest science},
volume = {99},
number = {2},
pages = {44},
pmid = {41567794},
issn = {1612-4758},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The number of non-native invasive species has increased markedly in recent decades, raising the likelihood of co-occurrence and interactions among invaders. Such interactions may exacerbate impacts on native ecosystems, making it essential to understand co-invasion dynamics for effective pest management and conservation. European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) is simultaneously threatened by two invasive species: The fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus, which causes ash dieback (ADB), and the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, a phloem-feeding beetle. Although their invaded ranges overlap in parts of eastern Europe, it remains unclear how these species interact within the same host. We investigated whether recent ADB stem infections affect EAB performance, and whether such effects are mediated by changes in ash phytochemistry. Our findings indicate that neither larval nor adult EAB performance was affected when feeding on ADB-infected trees. Phloem chemistry showed localized changes near the ADB infection front but remained unaltered 18-20 cm away. Also leaf chemistry was only minimally affected by an ADB stem infection. These limited systemic responses suggest that F. excelsior relies primarily on constitutive phytochemical defenses against ADB. Therefore, ADB-induced phytochemical changes in recently infected trees do not affect EAB performance. We conclude that freshly ADB-infected trees neither promote nor inhibit EAB development. From a pest management standpoint, immediate sanitary removal of ADB-infected trees may not be necessary in stands only recently affected by the pathogen, as potential beneficial ADB infection effects on EAB are unlikely. However, the long-term impact of chronic ADB stress on EAB dynamics remains uncertain and warrants further investigation.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-025-01981-4.},
}

@article {pmid41567777,
year = {2025},
author = {Mascarello, G and Pinto, A and Crovato, S and Zago, M and Gradoni, F and Montarsi, F},
title = {Mosquito-borne infectious diseases in northeastern Italy: analysis of social factors influencing risk perception among the population.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1741038},
pmid = {41567777},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; *Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Middle Aged ; Animals ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; *Vector Borne Diseases/epidemiology ; *Culicidae ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Mosquito Control ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Northeastern Italy has the highest reported circulation of mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) in Europe, due to the considerable diversity of species and the abundance of mosquitoes in the area. This study aims to investigate knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) indicators related to mosquitoes and MBDs and to identify the key determinants influencing risk perception among the population of northeastern Italy, including the role of social norms and media exposure.

METHODS: Data were collected through a structured questionnaire administered using a mixed-mode approach, combining online and telephone interviews. The target population of the survey consisted of people aged 18 years and older, living in the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia Regions.

RESULTS: Respondents showed strong awareness of mosquito breeding sites and were conscious of the existence of invasive species. However, there were some misconceptions about mosquito biology and limited knowledge of locally present MBDs. The population reported engaging in a wide range of protective behaviors, including the use of repellents and physical barriers such as mosquito nets. Respondents with higher risk perception were more likely to adopt protective behaviors, but were less knowledgeable about mosquito biology and ecology. In addition, sociodemographic variables, descriptive social norms, and exposure to media reports proved to significantly influence perceived risk.

DISCUSSION: Understanding public perceptions and attitudes toward mosquitoes is an essential part in the design of risk communication strategies and in planning citizen engagement in prevention measures to protect public health. To reduce the health risks associated with mosquito bites, an interdisciplinary, multi-stakeholder approach is recommended, combining epidemiological surveillance, education, communication, and community mobilization. Based on the findings, several recommendations are advanced to improve mosquito control efforts and public health communication strategies.},
}

Humans
Italy/epidemiology
Female
Adult
Male
*Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
Middle Aged
Animals
Surveys and Questionnaires
*Vector Borne Diseases/epidemiology
*Culicidae
Young Adult
Adolescent
Aged
Mosquito Control

@article {pmid41567531,
year = {2026},
author = {Oyarzabal, G and Rigal, F and Cardoso, P and Amorim, IR and Costa, R and Lhoumeau, S and Wallon, S and Macías-Hernández, N and Terzopoulou, S and Triantis, KA and Borges, PAV},
title = {A comprehensive trait dataset for Terrestrial Arthropods of the Azores: insights for conservation, island ecology and species invasion.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {e173221},
pmid = {41567531},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Species functional traits provide critical insights into how organisms interact with and respond to their environment. Key characteristics, such as body size, dispersal ability and trophic specialisation influence species' survival, reproduction and adaptability. Island ecosystems, particularly oceanic archipelagos like the Azores, serve as ideal natural laboratories for studying these traits due to their unique biogeographic history and high endemism. Arthropods, as dominant colonisers and ecosystem engineers, exhibit rapid adaptation and trait diversification in these isolated settings. However, island arthropods face escalating threats from habitat loss, climate change and invasive species, which disrupt ecological functions and increase extinction risks. Under the scope of BALA (Biodiversity of Arthropods from the Laurisilva of Azores) project (1999-2021) and SLAM (Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the natural forest of Azores) project (2012-2025), we obtained a comprehensive and standardised dataset of arthropods functional traits currently known to occur in the Azores Archipelago.

NEW INFORMATION: We present a standardised functional trait database for Azorean arthropods, building on 25 years of research on 602 species and subspecies across seven classes and 27 orders. The dataset includes endemic, native non-endemic and exotic species, with traits selected for their relevance to disturbance responses (e.g. body size, dispersal, verticality) and ecological interactions (e.g. trophic level, feeding behaviour). By synthesising these data, we aim to support predictive modelling of biodiversity responses to environmental change and provide information for conservation strategies. This resource provides a foundation for global comparisons and advances in trait-based ecology in island systems.},
}

@article {pmid41567086,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, ZH and Wang, P and Ma, DF and Yang, NW and Wan, FH and Guo, JY and Lü, ZC and Liu, WX},
title = {Chitin Deacetylase 8 Affects Epidermal and Peritrophic Membrane Metabolism in Tuta absoluta and dsRNA Accelerates Larval Death with Bacillus thuringiensis.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.5c13503},
pmid = {41567086},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Tuta absoluta is highly resistant to many common insecticides. Chitin deacetylase (CDA), an important enzyme in chitin synthesis and metabolism, may serve as a target for the management of T. absoluta. We cloned and identified TaCDA8 using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bioinformatics analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) showed that the expression level of TaCDA8 in the fourth instar larvae was significantly higher than in other developmental stages. Feeding ds TaCDA8 significantly reduced larval survival and pupation rates, causing failed molting, impaired pupation, and peritrophic membrane (PM) damage. Combining dsRNA with a Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) biopesticide agent increased mortality. These results confirm that TaCDA8 regulates chitin metabolism in the PM and is key for epidermal development. TaCDA8 is essential for larval growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. TaCDA8 can be effectively targeted by the RNAi-Bt combination to enhance pest mortality. Therefore, TaCDA8 represents a promising target for the development of highly efficient pesticides and green control strategies for integrated pest management.},
}

@article {pmid41565744,
year = {2026},
author = {Gastineau, R and Coulis, M and Otis, C and Boyle, B and Lemieux, C and Turmel, M and Mohammadi, S and Lévesque, RC and Herbert, DG and Páll-Gergely, B and Richling, I and Winsor, L and Justine, JL},
title = {Molecular characterisation of the invasive terrestrial nemertean Geonemertes pelaensis: long and complex mitogenome and presence of NUMTs.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-025-33230-0},
pmid = {41565744},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027 (RID/SP/0045/2024/01)//Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki/ ; Programme d'appui aux plateformes technologiques stratégiques//Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Innovation et de l'Énergie Québec/ ; Programme d'appui aux plateformes technologiques stratégiques//Ministère de l'Économie, de l'Innovation et de l'Énergie Québec/ ; RGPIN-2017-04506//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; RGPIN-2017-04506//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
abstract = {The complete mitochondrial genome of the invasive terrestrial nemertean Geonemertes pelaensis Semper, 1863 (Nemertea: Prosorhochmidae) was sequenced from two specimens collected in geographically distant French overseas territories-Martinique in the Caribbean and New Caledonia in the South-West Pacific. In both specimens, the mitogenome contained 13 protein-coding genes, two rRNA genes, and 21 tRNA genes, and was unusually large, approaching 32 kb. The two genomes differed by only four single nucleotide polymorphisms and one indel. A comparison with 22 cox1 sequences available in GenBank confirmed this high level of genetic conservation, suggesting a recent introduction from related source populations. The extraordinary length of the mitogenome was largely attributable to two extended regions comprising only tRNA genes and long intergenic sequences. These results were contrasted with data from an unpublished SRA sequencing project (SRS20559370) of an unlocalized specimen identified as G. pelaensis; its reconstructed mitogenome was only 18 kb in length (14 kb shorter) and showed extensive sequence divergence. Phylogenetic analyses placed this specimen as the sister lineage to G. pelaensis, highlighting the need for further investigation of this taxon. In the Martinique specimen, several NUMTs (nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes) were also detected, which could complicate future studies relying solely on Sanger sequencing. Sequencing additionally revealed prey DNA from the gut contents of both worms: the New Caledonian specimen had consumed an unidentified noctuid moth, while the Martinique specimen had likely fed on the invasive cockroach Periplaneta australasiae (Fabricius, 1775), itself an introduced species.},
}

@article {pmid41565741,
year = {2026},
author = {Rewicz, A and Polit, J and Monzalvo, R and Myśliwy, M and Studzian, M and Pułaski, Ł and Ruchisansakun, S and Sanek, K and Najberek, K},
title = {Seed micromorphology and calcium oxalate crystal characterization as taxonomic traits in selected species of the genus Impatiens L.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-36206-w},
pmid = {41565741},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {RID/SP/0045/2024/01//The Minister of Science under the "Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027 and statutory funds of the Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Poland/ ; 2018/02/X/NZ9/00165//The Institute of Nature Conservation of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Kraków, Poland) through statutory funding, and by the National Science Centre, Poland/ ; },
abstract = {The study analyzed seeds of 12 Impatiens species from Europe, America, and Asia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and confocal microscopy were used to analyze the micromorphology of the seed coat and the morphology of calcium oxalate crystals. A literature review revealed a lack of detailed carpological data for the studied species and a lack of information on the morphology of calcium oxalate crystals in seeds. The results revealed significant interspecific variation in seed surface characteristics, including seed shape, testal cell arrangement, and anticlinal and periclinal wall patterns. A wide variety of surface sculpture types was observed among the analyzed species. Furthermore, calcium oxalate crystals in the form of raphides were observed in all the studied species. The presence of raphides in species from three continents suggests that this may be a characteristic feature of the Impatiens genus, although it is insufficient to distinguish individual species.},
}

@article {pmid41562765,
year = {2026},
author = {Osipova, ES and Gladkov, EA and Tereshonok, DV},
title = {Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Context of Sustainable Development: An Aggressive Invasive Species with Potential for Utilisation in the Extraction of Furanocoumarins and Essential Oils.},
journal = {Journal of xenobiotics},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jox16010006},
pmid = {41562765},
issn = {2039-4713},
support = {The research was carried out within the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (theme No. 122042700045-3) using equipment of unique scientificinstallation: "The IPPRAS Cryobank" at Timiryazev Institute o//Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation/ ; },
abstract = {Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., or H. sosnowskyi, of the Apiaceae was first cultivated in the USSR in 1947 as a potential fodder plant. Due to the development of cold-resistant cultivars and the characteristics of H. sosnowskyi, it quickly became feral. As a result, H. sosnowskyi began to spread as an aggressive invasive species in the 1970s and 1980s. By the 90s it had become an ecological disaster. As well as forming monocultures and displacing native species, H. sosnowskyi contains furanocoumarins, photosensitizing compounds that increase skin sensitivity to ultraviolet rays and cause severe burns. In addition, furanocoumarins have cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and estrogenic effects. H. sosnowskyi also contains essential oils, which are particularly active during flowering and can irritate the mucous membranes of the eyes and respiratory tract, as well as cause allergic reactions in the form of bronchospasm in people with asthma and hypersensitivity. When released in high concentrations, these biologically active compounds have an allelopathic effect on native plant species, displacing them and reducing biodiversity. As H. sosnowskyi is not native; the biologically active compounds it secretes have a xenobiotic effect, causing serious damage to the ecosystems it occupies. However, in parallel with these negative properties, furanocoumarins have been found to be effective in the treatment of cancer and skin diseases. Furanocoumarins possess antimicrobial antioxidant osteo- and neuroprotective properties. Essential oils containing octyl acetate, carboxylic acid esters, and terpenes can be used in the pharmaceutical industry as antiseptic and anti-inflammatory agents. Additionally, essential oils can be used as biofumigants and natural herbicides. A comprehensive approach allows H. sosnowskyi to be viewed in two ways. On the one hand, it is an aggressive alien species that causes significant damage to ecosystems and poses a threat to human health. On the other hand, it is a potentially valuable natural resource whose biomass can be used within the principles of the circular economy. It is hoped that the use of H. sosnowskyi for economic interests can be a partial compensation for the problem of its aggressive invasion, which is of anthropogenic origin.},
}

@article {pmid41561878,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, Y and Shih, HT},
title = {Reply to Fuke (2024): Clarifying the Taxonomic and Biogeographic Interpretations of Neocaridina in Japan.},
journal = {Zoological studies},
volume = {64},
number = {},
pages = {e66},
pmid = {41561878},
issn = {1810-522X},
abstract = {The taxonomy and biogeography of Neocaridina species in Japan remain complex and contested. In a recent commentary, Fuke (2024) criticized the conclusions of Shih et al. (2024), challenging their species delineations and argues that such taxonomy directly conditions interpretations of native versus introduced lineages. As the first two authors of Shih et al. (2024), we agree that accurate identification is essential for conservation of native taxa, but we contend that several of Fuke's inferences reflect misreadings of both morphological and genetic data. In this reply, we address these misinterpretations, clarify our taxonomic conclusions, and reassess phylogenetic and population genetic evidence. Our findings suggest that N. denticulata and N. davidi can be consistently distinguished using integrated molecular and morphological criteria, in contrast to Fuke's claim of conspecificity. We also emphasize the limitations of relying solely on mitochondrial DNA or SNP admixture patterns for species delimitation, particularly in hybridizing lineages. Finally, we advocate for integrative, evidence-based taxonomy as the best approach to resolving species boundaries and supporting conservation of cryptic native species of Neocaridina.},
}

@article {pmid41560758,
year = {2025},
author = {McMillan, IA and Golon, SJ and Norris, MH and Franckowiak, GA and Grinolds, JM and Bowen, RA and Brown, VR and Borlee, BR},
title = {Exposure of feral swine to Coxiella burnetii overlaps with human Q fever incidence in California.},
journal = {Frontiers in epidemiology},
volume = {5},
number = {},
pages = {1692664},
pmid = {41560758},
issn = {2674-1199},
abstract = {Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen that causes Q fever in humans. There are many known reservoirs of C. burnetii, including cattle, sheep, and goats with an expanding list of potential reservoirs including birds, reptiles, ticks and additional mammalian species, such as swine. Feral swine are a highly invasive species in the United States with significant populations and a broad geographic distribution. The role of feral swine in the transmission and spread of C. burnetii is poorly understood, although a recent report identified overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence in Texas. California accounts for a large proportion of human Q fever cases in the United States and in this study we characterized the seroprevalence of C. burnetii in feral swine populations in the state. Feral swine showed seropositivity rates up to 1.64% indicating some level of exposure and the possibility that they may serve as a reservoir for disease transmission and spread. Overlap with human Q fever incidence was identified in the central region of California. Although this study does not directly link feral swine to human infection, it identified spatial overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence in the state of California, possibly due to the presence of ruminants as the principal reservoirs of C. burnetii. The environmental stability and low infectious dose of C. burnetii, coupled with the geographic overlap between feral swine seroprevalence and human Q fever incidence suggests that feral swine may contribute to zoonotic disease transmission and spread.},
}

@article {pmid41558445,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, Y and Lagerström, M and Ytreberg, E and Granhag, L},
title = {Biofouling intensity in European waters: A compiled dataset and spatial assessment with focus on the Baltic Sea and Northeast Atlantic.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {225},
number = {},
pages = {119290},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2026.119290},
pmid = {41558445},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Biofouling on ship hulls increases fuel consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and invasive species spread. For effective management, understanding the expected fouling pressure in the waters of interest is crucial. This study illustrates biofouling intensity by integrating published (2014-2024) and recent field data (2023-2024) from 35 locations across the Baltic Sea, Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean Sea, and Black Sea. The weighted mean fouling ratings for these sites were assessed together with environmental parameters to identify factors explaining the observed results across different sea basins. Key findings indicate that the Mediterranean Sea sites (n=3) exhibit the highest indicative fouling intensity. A comparative analysis of the data-rich regions revealed that the Northeast Atlantic (n=14) exhibits significantly higher fouling intensity than the Baltic Sea (n=17) when sites with strong estuarine influence are excluded. Salinity was identified as the dominant factor influencing fouling pressure (R[2]=0.39-0.40), while dissolved oxygen, phosphate level and temperature showed weaker correlations (R[2]≤0.2). The presented spatial assessment can be used to manage ship hulls and maritime structures in port or marina areas and provides the first management baseline from existing European data. However, it highlights that the data-poor status of certain regions, alongside other knowledge deficiencies, remains a significant obstacle to unified pan-European management. Addressing these gaps is crucial for establishing a scientific basis for sustainable biofouling practices, in accordance with global initiatives such as the IMO Biofouling Guidelines and the EU Invasive Alien Species Regulation.},
}

@article {pmid41506158,
year = {2026},
author = {Ding, Y and Liu, M and Zhang, N and Zhang, F and Yang, X and Yuan, J},
title = {Stellera chamaejasme L. expansion-induced dynamic reorganization of soil microbial co-occurrence networks and their topological properties in subalpine meadows.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {398},
number = {},
pages = {128538},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.128538},
pmid = {41506158},
issn = {1095-8630},
mesh = {*Soil Microbiology ; *Grassland ; Soil/chemistry ; Ecosystem ; *Thymelaeaceae ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Stellera chamaejasme L. is a widely invasive, toxic species in subalpine meadow ecosystems, and its expansion poses a serious threat to the ecological functions of grasslands. The interaction networks of soil microbial communities are crucial for ecosystem stability, but how S. chamaejasme expansion affects microbial co-occurrence networks and their linkages with environmental factors remains unclear, hindering our understanding of soil multifunctionality (SMF) degradation under toxic weed invasion. This study employed a space-for-time substitution approach. We selected sample plots representing different invasion ages of S. chamaejasme (defined by branching order, expansion extent, and expansion time): Age III (slight expansion, approximately 6 years), Age IV (moderate expansion, approximately 7 years), and Age V (severe expansion, approximately 8 years), with control check (CK) as the baseline. We analyzed soil environmental factors, microbial community structure, and co-occurrence network characteristics across these degradation age classes. The results demonstrated that: (1) The expansion of S. chamaejasme reduced community coverage in the invaded grassland by 30-50 %, while increasing the aboveground biomass by 45-55 %. Concurrently, soil microbial α-diversity was significantly affected, manifested by a highly significant decrease in the fungal Shannon index (P < 0.001, partial η[2] = 0.677) and a declining trend in the bacterial Shannon index (P < 0.05). (2) Soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), Urease, and pH promoted microbial diversity (P < 0.01), while soil available phosphorus (SAP), soil total phosphorus (STN) and microbial biomass phosphorus (STP) significantly inhibited it (P < 0.01). Soil available nutrients played a regulatory role in the changes of soil microbial communities. (3) With increasing S. chamaejasme age class, the complexity of the soil bacterial-fungal co-occurrence network exhibited a U-shaped trend, initially decreasing then increasing (Bacteria: ranging from 0.682 to 0.712; Fungi: ranging from 0.644 to 0.676). Key topological parameters - average degree (AD) and average clustering coefficient (ACC) - significantly decreased from CK to Age IV (P < 0.05), demonstrating higher fungal sensitivity. By Age V, bacterial network complexity began to increase, and this non-linear shift was correlated with changes in network stability metrics (robustness and vulnerability). This study reveals significant differences in the responses of fungal and bacterial communities to the expansion of S. chamaejasme. The dynamic reorganization of topological properties within their interaction networks constitutes a key mechanism driving changes in SMF. These findings provide novel insights into the microbial regulatory pathways underlying grassland degradation induced by noxious weed expansion and inform ecological restoration strategies.},
}

*Soil Microbiology
*Grassland
Soil/chemistry
Ecosystem
*Thymelaeaceae
Introduced Species

@article {pmid41317645,
year = {2026},
author = {Chai, Z and Tao, Z and Yue, C and Li, R and Liu, Y and Shi, S and Yang, W and Sun, K and Tang, YZ},
title = {Shifts of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages over the past 100 years indicate the history of harmful algal blooms, eutrophication, and possible alien genotype invasion around the Shandong Peninsula, China.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {223},
number = {},
pages = {119064},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.119064},
pmid = {41317645},
issn = {1879-3363},
mesh = {*Dinoflagellida/genetics ; China ; *Harmful Algal Bloom ; *Eutrophication ; Genotype ; Biodiversity ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Introduced Species ; Geologic Sediments ; },
abstract = {Resting cysts play pivotal roles in dinoflagellate ecology (e.g. seeding harmful algal blooms, HABs) and may serve as indicators of ecological processes at different tempo-spatial scales. We investigated the species diversity, and spatio-temporal distribution patterns of dinoflagellate cysts assemblages contained in surface and core sediments around Shandong Peninsula via metabarcoding, and further explored their ecological implications. Metabarcoding sequencing of the cyst assemblages in 79 sediment samples (21 surface samples, and two cores cut into 26 and 32 2 cm-thick layers, respectively) revealed four major ecological inferences: 1) The northwestern Shandong Peninsula exhibited distinct composition, diversity, and community structure of cyst assemblages primarily driven by higher turbidity and lower chlorophyll a, indicating the unique Yellow River discharge-induced hydrological and physicochemical conditions have shaped the distinct phytoplankton community; 2) The area with extremely high abundance of Alexandrium catenella (toxic and HABs-causing species) cysts coincided with multiple documented blooming events in the past two decades, indicating this area may potentially serve as a seedbank of the species blooms; 3) Heterotrophic dinoflagellates exhibited significantly higher species richness and relative abundance since 1980, significantly paralleling to an eutrophication progression in the southern peninsula; 4) The ribotype B of Alexandrium leei and ribotype A of Azadinium dalianense appeared to be native to the region, whereas the other two ribotypes of both species may be recently invaded populations. Our findings exemplified the indicator roles of dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in tracking past HAB events, eutrophication, cryptic bioinvasion, and other natural/anthropogenic activities and in assessing the risk of future HABs.},
}

*Dinoflagellida/genetics
China
*Harmful Algal Bloom
*Eutrophication
Genotype
Biodiversity
*Environmental Monitoring
Introduced Species
Geologic Sediments

@article {pmid41558306,
year = {2026},
author = {Rabaey, JS and Huser, BJ and Downing, JA},
title = {Invasion of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) reduces the quality of bottom sediments in shallow lakes.},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {292},
number = {},
pages = {125316},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.125316},
pmid = {41558306},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Species invasions are one of the main anthropogenic forces reshaping ecological structure and function in lakes during the 21st century. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are among the most globally widespread and damaging aquatic invasive species, with the capacity to significantly alter lake ecosystems. While it is well documented that carp feeding activity can disturb sediments, decrease water quality, and reduce macrophyte and fish diversity, less is known about how carp influence sediment chemistry and nutrient cycling. Here, we examined the effect of carp invasion on sediment phosphorus (P) dynamics and organic matter quality in shallow lakes. We compared P fractions in sediments of lakes with established carp populations and those from carp-free reference lakes. We found that lakes with carp had depleted surficial sediments, with significantly lower organic P (0.16 vs. 0.41 mg g[-1]) and higher C/P ratios (972 vs. 639) than lakes without carp. Carp lakes had higher concentrations of water-column total P (370 vs. 160 μg L[-1]), though a mass balance between sediment labile P and water-column P was similar for lakes with and without carp, indicating sediment P loss due to carp is largely kept in the water column. Sediments are a crucial component of lake ecosystems, and a reduction in sediment organic matter quality by invasive carp can alter food web dynamics and geochemical processes in invaded lakes.},
}

@article {pmid41555706,
year = {2026},
author = {Hua, J and Li, Y and Li, Z and Ma, D and He, S and Li, C and Zalucki, MP and Gao, Y},
title = {Advancing towards a sustainable green management system (SGMS) for the sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius: a synthesis of traditional knowledge and modern innovations.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70556},
pmid = {41555706},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Science and Technology Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (SZD-2025-01)/ ; },
abstract = {Cylas formicarius, the sweet potato weevil (SPW), is an important invasive pest of sweet potato crops, causing great economic losses to the production of sweet potatoes worldwide. Despite extensive reviews on C. formicarius, a critical synthesis integrating modern ecological insights (notably genomic adaptation and climate-driven range expansion) into a practical, sustainable management framework remains notably absent. This review addresses this gap by introducing the sustainable green management system (SGMS) as a unifying framework for research and implementation. We first synthesize advances in C. formicarius invasion biology, chemical ecology, and molecular foundations that explain its escalating global pest status. We subsequently critique current management strategies, demonstrating that persistent over-reliance on chemical insecticides is untenable, while biological and ecological approaches remain underexploited. Central to our work is the SGMS framework, which prioritizes biological control and ecological regulation, augmented by real-time monitoring and targeted interventions, reserving chemical methods for emergencies. By transcending tactical listings toward an integrated system, this review provides a definitive roadmap for sustainable, green management of this formidable pest. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41555665,
year = {2026},
author = {Xiang, Y and Utsumi, Y and Koga, S and Kume, T and Nagai, S and Yang, M},
title = {Age-Dependent Plasticity in Hydraulics and Allocation of K, Si, and Starch in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens).},
journal = {Physiologia plantarum},
volume = {178},
number = {1},
pages = {e70745},
doi = {10.1111/ppl.70745},
pmid = {41555665},
issn = {1399-3054},
support = {18K05765//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; 23K26971//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)/ ; },
mesh = {*Starch/metabolism ; *Poaceae/physiology/metabolism ; *Potassium/metabolism ; *Silicon/metabolism ; *Water/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), a fast-growing and potentially invasive species, exhibits culm-age heterogeneity in structure and physiology; however, its water-use strategies in relation to aging remain unclear. Thus, we aimed to examine age-related variations in hydraulic performance, vessel integrity, and nutrient allocation in bamboo culms aged 1-5 years. Sap flux density peaked in 2-year-old culms, possibly reflecting the maturation of conductive tissues. However, daily sap flow rates showed no significant age-dependent differences. Dye tracing and cryo-scanning electron microscopy revealed consistent axial and radial vessel continuity and low embolism frequency across all age groups, with a relative loss of potential conductivity of approximately 10%. Elemental analysis showed reduced K concentration and delayed Si accumulation in the vessel sap with age, suggesting a physiological shift from osmotic regulation to structural reinforcement. Starch began accumulating in the third year and peaked at age four, indicating a physiological transition from resource consumption to energy storage. These coordinated transitions support sustained water transport across ages and may enhance resilience under drought and interspecific competition. Our findings revealed functional plasticity in water use and resource allocation during culm development, highlighting the physiological mechanisms that may underlie the ecological success and invasive potential of Moso bamboo.},
}

*Starch/metabolism
*Poaceae/physiology/metabolism
*Potassium/metabolism
*Silicon/metabolism
*Water/metabolism

@article {pmid41552420,
year = {2026},
author = {Monguilod, P and Gallardo, B},
title = {Invasive alien mammals pose zoonotic risks to human health in Europe.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101307},
pmid = {41552420},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {The rise in zoonotic diseases is accelerating, with climate change expected to further intensify this trend. Invasive Alien Species (IAS) play an important role in the emergence and spread of zoonotic diseases by introducing both existing and novel pathogens to the regions they invade. Despite this, research on the role of IAS in spreading zoonotic diseases remains limited. Our study investigated the zoonotic risks posed by eight invasive mammal species prioritized for management in Europe. On average, each species was found to transmit 16 pathogens capable of causing severe diseases in humans, including Echinococcosis, Leptospirosis, Lyme neuroborreliosis, and Encephalitis. We identified central and western Europe as significant disease hotspots. Climate change is facilitating the expansion of IAS into new areas, as warmer temperatures make previously inhospitable regions suitable. Future projections indicate a northeastward shift in their suitability by 2050. These changes vary by species, with the Siberian chipmunk losing up to 45 % of its suitability, while the gray squirrel could see a 26 % increase under a high-emissions scenario. Finally, we found that 71 % of the human population lives in areas highly suitable for IAS establishment. Our findings underscore the health risks associated with IAS and highlight the need for further research into their role in disease dynamics. Addressing this issue is essential for developing effective public health strategies and mitigating future zoonotic disease outbreaks.},
}

@article {pmid41490405,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Y and Li, Y and Chen, Z and Yang, X and Zuo, Q and Hu, M and Li, S and Teng, X and Cheng, C and Cheng, Q},
title = {Impacts of key environmental variables on suitable cultivation and flavonoid accumulation in Pueraria montana var. lobata under climate change in China.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {e0339508},
pmid = {41490405},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Pueraria/chemistry ; *Crop Production ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; *Climate Change ; Flavonoids/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Plant Dispersal ; China ; },
abstract = {Pueraria montana var. lobata (P. lobata) is both a medicinal herb with significant pharmacological values and a food ingredient that can replace grains, but it still faces challenges in quality consistency and suitable cultivation. This study aims to systematically analyze its potential suitable habitats across China and evaluate the effect of environment on its growth and quality. By integrating distribution data from 926 sample points and 33 environmental variables, MaxEnt model and ArcGIS software were employed to predict the potential suitable habitats of P. lobata, and investigate distribution change at the provincial level. Chemical and correlation analysis were used to determine the total flavonoid content and explore the relationship with environmental variables. Key influencing variables were Bio12 (annual precipitation, 35.4%), Bio14 (driest month precipitation, 24%), and Bio06 (coldest month minimum temperature, 18.2%). P. lobata from Hubei and Jiangxi provinces exhibited higher flavonoid content than that in other high-suitable provinces, which showed a strong positive correlation with latitude and a significant negative correlation with January mean temperature. Under future climate scenarios, the suitable habitats of P. lobata showed northward expansion due to global warming. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for sustainable development and high-quality demand under changing climatic conditions.},
}

*Pueraria/chemistry
*Crop Production
Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
*Climate Change
Flavonoids/analysis
Introduced Species
Plant Dispersal
China

@article {pmid41552418,
year = {2026},
author = {Albajes, R and López, MM and Jiménez Díaz, RM},
title = {A claim for plant health as a key component of the one health concept.},
journal = {One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {22},
number = {},
pages = {101304},
pmid = {41552418},
issn = {2352-7714},
abstract = {The concept of health has historically been more closely linked to the well-being of humans than to that of animals, plants or the environment. In contrast, the One Health concept, which emerged in recent decades, generally recognizes the interdependence of only three of its four components: humans, wild and domestic animals, and the environment, but plants have often been overlooked in this analysis. Because plant health has been undervalued within the One Health framework, we emphasize in this review its importance in ensuring food security and safety, two key issues in human and animal health, as highlighted in several of the United Nations SDG. Food production, marketing and consumption use a significant portion of the environment's natural resources, and plant health technology must ensure their sustainable use while safeguarding environmental health. We summarize the relationships between the four components of One Health, highlighting the development of antimicrobial resistance in human, animal and plant pathogens, and the resistance to plant protection products among plant pests, diseases and weeds. Three external drivers significantly influence plant health and One Health in the last decades: climate change, invasive alien species, and the international armed conflicts. The main reported effects of climate change on plant health include the shifts in distribution area, biology and life cycles of harmful organisms as well as plant-pest interactions. Another major factor compromising the sustainability of current plant health technology is the introduction and establishment of alien organisms affecting vegetables resulting from the increasing globalization of food trade, human labour and tourism.These challenges underscore the need to approach One Health at broader scales, beyond individual organisms or populations, as well as intensifying studies on plant health, to effectively address holistically the complex, interconnected risks affecting global health.},
}

@article {pmid41548055,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, T and Li, D and Liu, L and Zeng, G and Yue, W and Cao, Y and Zhi, J},
title = {Digestive enzyme-encoding genes regulate the adaptability of Frankliniella occidentalis to the defense responses of kidney bean plants.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf345},
pmid = {41548055},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {31660516//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32460665//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; ZK[2022]001//Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province/ ; 043230030//Doctoral Foundation Project of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips; WFT) is an important pest of vegetable and flower crops. The development and application of plant-induced resistance and RNA interference (RNAi) technology are environmentally sustainable and promising approaches in pest control research. This study verified the regulatory role of digestive enzyme genes in the adaptation of WFT to jasmonic acid (JA)-induced defense responses in Phaseolus vulgaris (kidney bean) plants. First, 4 digestive enzyme-encoding genes were cloned and identified. Subsequently, their expression patterns during different developmental stages were analyzed. Second, the mRNA levels of these genes were analyzed in the F0 and F1 generation female adult WFT that fed on leaves from JA-induced bean plants. The results showed that the expression of FoαAmy1 (α-amylase gene) and FoEG1 (endoglucanase gene) was significantly upregulated during the adaptation of WFT to the JA-induced defense response in kidney bean plants. RNAi and bioassay results indicated that silencing FoαAmy1 and FoEG1 significantly reduced the survival rate and feeding damage caused by adult WFT that fed on JA-induced kidney bean plants. Overall, FoαAmy1 and FoEG1 may be involved in regulating the adaptability of WFT to JA-induced defense responses in kidney bean plants.},
}

@article {pmid41546504,
year = {2026},
author = {O'Hara, KE and Zozaya, SM and Hahn, EE and Holleley, CE and Moritz, C},
title = {Repeated Independent Formation of Triploid Lineages Contributes to Clonal Diversity in Heteronotia binoei Parthenogens.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {35},
number = {2},
pages = {e70240},
pmid = {41546504},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {HSF22062//Hermon Slade Foundation/ ; DP230102094//Australian Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {*Parthenogenesis/genetics ; *Triploidy ; Animals ; Australia ; *Genetic Variation ; *Lizards/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Genetics, Population ; Female ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; },
abstract = {Parthenogenesis, or all-female clonal reproduction, is rare among vertebrates. This is often attributed to the selective disadvantages of assumed reduction of genetic diversity in the absence of sex. However, parthenogenetic vertebrates have highly complex evolutionary histories, with most arising through hybridisation and many being polyploid. Here, we show that geographically widespread triploid parthenogenetic forms of the Australian gekkonid Heteronotia binoei are considerably diverse despite their clonal reproductive mode, with patterns of variation consistent with two previously identified reciprocal hybrid origins and numerous backcrossing events. We also confirm a two-fold increase in genome-wide heterozygosity among parthenogens (10.6%) compared with the sexual progenitors (4.63%). Our SNP-based diversity estimates exceed prior predictions for clonal H. binoei lineages based on karyotype and allozyme data. We also find evidence of repeated and geographically widespread backcrossing in both western and central Australia. This supports the long-standing hypothesis that parthenogens are able to partially recover parental niches by 'freezing' genotypic diversity present within the sexual forms. Understanding how asexual clones attain ecological success has implications for managing both invasive species, many of which are clonal, and threatened species, which often face similar challenges associated with reduced genetic diversity. Overall, our findings demonstrate that sex, historical or ongoing, is instrumental in the persistence of asexual lineages, contributing to a broader understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of parthenogenesis.},
}

*Parthenogenesis/genetics
*Triploidy
Animals
Australia
*Genetic Variation
*Lizards/genetics
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Genetics, Population
Female
Genotype
Heterozygote

@article {pmid41544950,
year = {2026},
author = {Tapfuma, DTA and Chakona, A and Naik, Y},
title = {Synergistic Effects of Metal Pollution and Habitat Degradation from Artisanal Gold Mining Drive Species-Specific Oxidative Stress and Biodiversity Loss in a Semi-Arid River Catchment.},
journal = {Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {127683},
doi = {10.1016/j.envpol.2026.127683},
pmid = {41544950},
issn = {1873-6424},
abstract = {Artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is a critical economic activity in developing nations but poses a severe threat to aquatic ecosystems through the release of heavy metals and habitat destruction. This study provides an integrated ecotoxicological and ecological assessment of ASGM impacts in the Upper uMzingwane catchment, Zimbabwe. We combined analysis of metal bioaccumulation (Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg species) and oxidative stress biomarkers in 12 fish species with a historical comparison of biodiversity changes using museum records (1947-1994). Sediment and fish tissue metal concentrations were significantly elevated at ASGM sites. We identified two key bioaccumulation patterns: benthic Mochokidae catfish (Chiloglanis spp.) as hyper-accumulators of sediment-bound Cr and Pb (Bioaccumulation Factor > 10,000), and the pelagic zooplanktivore Mesobola brevianalis as a high accumulator of Cd and Hg. Linear regression revealed strong, species-specific oxidative stress responses. The summation of metal concentrations (ΣMetals) had a significant additive effect on glutathione (GSH) induction, particularly in Labeobarbus mariequensis (p < 0.01, r[2] = 0.54), Enteromius spp., and M. brevianalis (p < 0.01, r[2] = 0.42). Contemporary surveys recorded only 17 species compared to 21 historically, confirming the local extinction of the Gobiidae family and several Enteromius species. Our results demonstrate that ASGM drives biodiversity loss through synergistic mechanisms: direct metal toxicity-mediated by oxidative stress-and indirect habitat degradation, which exacerbates predation by invasive species. This study underscores the necessity of regulating ASGM operations and advocates for the use of specific fish species as bioindicators in monitoring programs. The synergistic mechanisms of toxicity and habitat degradation identified here are representative of ASGM impacts worldwide. Our findings provide a globally relevant framework for using multi-species bioindicator approaches to diagnose and monitor the ecological consequences of mixed-pollution in river systems.},
}

@article {pmid41542928,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, C and Delgado-Baquerizo, M and Zhou, G and Rillig, MC and Li, B and Fang, C and Li, J and Nie, M},
title = {Multiple Global Change Stressors Boost Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions Worldwide.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {32},
number = {1},
pages = {e70633},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70633},
pmid = {41542928},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {2023FY100100//Science & Technology Fundamental Resources Investigation Program/ ; 32522064//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32430065//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32471831//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32301453//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 23DZ1202700//Science and Technology Plan Project of Shanghai/ ; //State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Function and Construction (VegLab)/ ; //Ministry of Education/ ; JYB2025XDXM911//Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China No./ ; },
mesh = {*Greenhouse Gases/analysis ; *Climate Change ; *Soil/chemistry ; *Methane/analysis ; *Carbon Dioxide/analysis ; Ecosystem ; },
abstract = {Soil carbon greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are integral to climate security worldwide. Global change is known to impact soil GHG emissions; yet, the contribution of an increasing number of global change factors (GCFs) to the rates of carbon GHG emissions remains virtually unknown, challenging our capacity to forecast the trajectory of climate change. Here, we synthesize 1803 observations on soil CO2 and CH4 fluxes across 21 types of GCFs spanning a wide range of ecosystems (i.e., forests, grasslands, farmland, wetlands, tundras, and deserts) and found that an increasing number of GCFs will result in significant increases in CO2 and CH4 emissions. The impacts of GCFs on GHG emissions were largely explained by climate, biome types, and GCF-induced changes in soil moisture, providing potential tools for managing global change. Our work provides critical insights, emphasizing that the number of global change stressors needs to be immediately reduced to help minimize the negative impacts of carbon greenhouse gas emissions on climate change.},
}

*Greenhouse Gases/analysis
*Climate Change
*Soil/chemistry
*Methane/analysis
*Carbon Dioxide/analysis
Ecosystem

@article {pmid41542390,
year = {2026},
author = {Flores, IS and Nguyen, VT and Bae, JS and Urlaub, A and Gellner, R and Kading, RC and Romero-Weaver, AL and Simubali, L and Saili, K and Simulundu, E and Reeves, LE and Lee, Y},
title = {Mosquitoes of Macha - new mosquito species records from Macha and surrounding locations in southern Zambia with photographs.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.01.09.698444},
pmid = {41542390},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The biodiversity of mosquito taxa beyond Anopheles malaria vectors has been understudied in many parts of Africa. Here, we provide a new species record of mosquitoes from Macha and its surrounding locations in southern Zambia, as well as an updated list of species from the region. With the addition of 19 new species records in this region, the total list of mosquito species reported in Macha is now 46. We present high-resolution focus-stacked photographs of some of these species, many of which were only previously available as text or drawing descriptions in mosquito identification books and articles. We also include 34 COI sequences from Zambian mosquito species, five of which had no prior genetic information on Genbank. This visual guide as well as additional COI sequences provide essential tools for accurate mosquito surveillance in southern Zambia and establishes a baseline data for future invasive species monitoring.},
}

@article {pmid41540326,
year = {2026},
author = {Kadam, SK and Yun, JS and Kim, JH},
title = {Refined chloroplast annotations, repeat profiles, and phylogenomic evidence reveal maternal lineage shifts and independent evolution in the Triticum-Aegilops complex.},
journal = {BMC plant biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12870-025-08093-2},
pmid = {41540326},
issn = {1471-2229},
}

@article {pmid41540088,
year = {2026},
author = {El Jamaai, J and Taheri, A and Ballesteros-Mejia, L and Ahmed, DA and Bang, A and Diagne, C and Courchamp, F and Angulo, E},
title = {Biological invasions and their potential economic costs in Morocco.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2011},
pmid = {41540088},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Morocco ; *Introduced Species/economics ; Animals ; Biodiversity ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions pose substantial economic threats globally, yet detailed cost assessments for many Global South nations, especially in Africa, remain scarce. This study presents the first comprehensive breakdown of the potential economic costs of biological invasions in Morocco. We identified 343 invasive alien species, comprising approximately 1.11% of the country's biodiversity. Using the InvaCost database, we retrieved cost estimates for 137 species with available records. We calculated the mean annual cost per species, adjusted these values both socio-economically (using World Bank Purchasing Power Parity) and climatically (via Köppen climatic regions), and extrapolated them based on species prevalence in Morocco. This yielded an estimated annual economic impact ranging from US$1.14 billion (conservative adjusted value) to US$5.13 billion (maximum scenario). Across all estimations, damage costs consistently exceeded management costs by one or two orders of magnitude. Plant feeding insects such as Phenacoccus madeirensi, Bemisia tabacci, and Cydia pomonella emerged among the costliest species, threatening agriculture and food security. High-impact animals included the Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus), both affecting public health and social welfare. In freshwater systems the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) imposed substantial fisheries losses. Invasive plants, particularly Euphorbia and Cenchrus species, were also widespread and contributed heavily to projected costs. Despite challenges in extrapolating cost data from other regions, this study underscores the urgent need for more research and for targeted management and policy interventions to minimize the spread of invasive species and reduce their economic toll. Proactive measures in Morocco, coupled with international collaboration, will be critical to mitigating this socio-ecological crisis and ensuring long-term sustainability.},
}

Morocco
*Introduced Species/economics
Animals
Biodiversity
Conservation of Natural Resources/economics

@article {pmid41540046,
year = {2026},
author = {Skinner, GLV and Cooke, R and Roy, HE and Isaac, NJB and Outhwaite, CL and Rodger, J and Millard, J},
title = {Meta-analysis reveals negative but highly variable impacts of invasive alien species across terrestrial insect orders.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {296},
pmid = {41540046},
issn = {2041-1723},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Insecta/physiology/classification ; Ecosystem ; Biodiversity ; Coleoptera ; },
abstract = {Insects are crucial to ecosystem functioning but face numerous threats, with invasive alien species likely among the most severe. As insect declines continue, there is a growing need to synthesise evidence on how invasive alien species affect insects, as research has historically focused more on insects as invaders than as victims. Here we conduct a global meta-analysis encompassing 318 effect sizes across 52 studies, assessing invasive alien species impact on terrestrial insect orders (Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Orthoptera), and examining factors influencing these effects. We show that invasive alien species reduce the abundance of insects included in our study by 31%, and species richness by 26%, though these impacts are highly variable across taxa. Stronger negative impacts are found for invasive alien animals compared to invasive alien plants, and for Hemiptera (true bugs) and Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) compared to Coleoptera (beetles). These findings provide quantitative estimates for the relative vulnerability of insects to invasive alien species, which is an important step towards halting declines.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
*Insecta/physiology/classification
Ecosystem
Biodiversity
Coleoptera

@article {pmid41539586,
year = {2026},
author = {Lorang, C and Galon, C and Plantard, O and Augot, D},
title = {Application of non-destructive DNA extraction for the molecular and morphological identification of tick species and their pathogens.},
journal = {Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {105880},
doi = {10.1016/j.meegid.2026.105880},
pmid = {41539586},
issn = {1567-7257},
abstract = {Tick-borne diseases remain a major concern in both human and animal health in most biogeographical regions. Since certain tick-borne pathogens are transmitted by specific tick species, tick identification through morphological and biomolecular examination of the species is highly recommended for investigation of tick-borne diseases. In this study, we assessed a non-destructive DNA protocol for identifying tick species and screening of pathogens and evaluate the effects of this protocol on the tick body, using geometric morphometry (based on coxa 1). Overall, 80 Ixodes spp. specimens (I. ricinus, I. hexagonus, and I. acuminatus) conserved in alcohol for more than 15 years were tested here, including all stages (male, female, nymph and larva). Molecular investigation using 16S rRNA enabled 92% of ticks to be assigned to a species. The microfluidic chip demonstrates the presence of Bartonella sp. (13%), Rickettsia helvetica (63%) and Hepatozoon spp. (13%) in tested engorged females. Comparison of the coxa 1 shape before and after extraction showed no changes in morphology. We demonstrated that DNA can be extracted from old specimens of hard ticks using non-destructive methods, allowing for molecular identification of ticks and pathogens without altering their morphology. As a result, this technique makes it possible to preserve specimens from laboratory or museum collections. Additionally, non-destructive DNA extraction could be useful in medical entomology for monitoring arrivals of alien species and emergence of associated tick-borne diseases affecting humans, domestic animals, or wildlife.},
}

@article {pmid41538079,
year = {2026},
author = {De Elías-Escribano, A and Artigas, P and Salas-Coronas, J and Luzon-Garcia, MP and Soriano-Pérez, MJ and Castillo-Fernández, N and Fantozzi, MC and Martínez-Ortí, A and Boissier, J and Mas-Coma, S and Valero, MA and Bargues, MD},
title = {Multidisciplinary challenges by 'pure' and hybrid Schistosoma species introduced into southwestern Europe.},
journal = {Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences},
volume = {381},
number = {1941},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rstb.2025.0087},
pmid = {41538079},
issn = {1471-2970},
support = {//Fellowship of the Programa de Ayudas de la Generalitat Valenciana y Fondo Social Europeo, 2019/ ; //PROMETEO Program, Programa de Ayudas para Grupos de Investigación de Excelencia, Generalitat Valenciana (GVA) Valencia, Spain/ ; //Consejería de Salud y Familias de la Junta de Andalucía, co-financed with FEDER funds (European Regional Development Fund), Sevilla, Spain/ ; //CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas , Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Ministry of Science and Innovation, and European Union - NextGenerationEU, Madrid, Spain/ ; //Red de Investigación de Centros de Enfermedades Tropicales - RICET, Instituto de Salud Carlos III-Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa RETICS, Ministry of Health and Consumption, Madrid, Spain/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Schistosoma/genetics/physiology/classification ; *Schistosomiasis/parasitology/epidemiology/diagnosis ; Humans ; Spain/epidemiology ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; *Introduced Species ; Europe ; },
abstract = {In Europe, imported schistosomiasis affects a diverse range of patients, including migrants, travellers, visiting friends and relatives, and expatriates who have lived in endemic areas. The variety of regions linked to these patients' origins or destinations increases the likelihood of infections from different Schistosoma species and hybrids. This work aims to address the multidisciplinary challenges posed by 'pure' and hybrid Schistosoma species in southwestern Europe. It explores (i) the role of molecular analysis in identifying species and hybrids, (ii) the importance of morphogenetic studies of Schistosoma eggs, (iii) the potential risk of hybrid Schistosoma infections emerging in Europe and (iv) the clinical management, diagnostis and treatment of schistosomiasis in non-endemic European countries. The study includes examples of 'pure' and hybrid species detected in a tropical medicine unit in Almería, Spain. In this context, the complexity of managing not only the clinical aspects, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, but also the need and readiness to quantify the risks and prevent future outbreaks of schistosomiasis in Europe are evident. Schistosoma hybrids potentially able to adapt to new European habitats are a challenge, which highlights the need for appropriate surveillance and preventive measures to avoid the introduction of schistosomiasis into Europe. This article is part of the Royal Society Science+ meeting issue 'Parasite evolution and impact in action: exploring the importance and control of hybrid schistosomes in Africa and beyond'.},
}

Animals
*Schistosoma/genetics/physiology/classification
*Schistosomiasis/parasitology/epidemiology/diagnosis
Humans
Spain/epidemiology
*Hybridization, Genetic
*Introduced Species
Europe

@article {pmid41537976,
year = {2026},
author = {Blanchard, RC and Perkin, JS},
title = {Assessing movement patterns of the highly invasive western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis).},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {293},
number = {2062},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.1954},
pmid = {41537976},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Texas A and M University/ ; //U.S. Army Corps of Engineers/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Cyprinodontiformes/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Models, Biological ; },
abstract = {The western mosquitofish is among the top 100 invaders in the world, yet it continues to be introduced globally for mosquito control. This study investigates the movement patterns of the western mosquitofish and develops movement predictions for their continued invasion. We combined mark-recapture experiments, meta-analysis of previous movement studies and application of an existing fish movement model involving fish morphology, stream order and time to advance knowledge of western mosquitofish secondary spread. Our results reveal that small-scale and short-term movements by invasive western mosquitofish are predictable using existing statistical models. However, movement over larger scales and longer timelines was consistently underpredicted by existing models, suggesting our current understanding of invasion capacity by western mosquitofish is limited. We used sensitivity and optimization methods to identify parameter adjustments that make existing statistical models relevant for broader-scale invasions, and we illustrate the improved inference gained from this approach by modelling future spread of a recently invaded region. Our results provide quantitative estimates of western mosquitofish invasion across a range of contexts and can direct conservation and management actions aimed at improving invasion monitoring, predicting risk of secondary spread and understanding invasion dynamics at multiple spatiotemporal scales.},
}

Animals
*Cyprinodontiformes/physiology
*Introduced Species
Models, Biological