@article {pmid39187483,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, H and Du, Y and Cheng, K and Chen, Y and Wei, L and Pei, Y and Wang, X and Wang, L and Zhang, Y and Hu, X and Lu, Y and Zhu, X},
title = {Gut microbiota-derived indole-3-acetic acid suppresses high myopia progression by promoting type I collagen synthesis.},
journal = {Cell discovery},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {89},
pmid = {39187483},
issn = {2056-5968},
support = {82122017//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 82271069//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81870642//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81470613//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; 81670835//National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)/ ; },
abstract = {High myopia (HM) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide with currently no effective interventions available. A major hurdle lies in its often isolated perception as a purely ocular morbidity, disregarding potential systemic implications. Recent evidence suggests the existence of a gut-eye axis; however, the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of HM remains largely unexplored. Herein, we provide a potential crosstalk among HM's gut dysbiosis, microbial metabolites, and scleral remodeling. Utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we observed an altered gut microbiota profile in HM patients with a significant reduction in probiotic abundance compared with healthy controls. Subsequent targeted metabolic profiling revealed a notable decrease in plasma levels of the gut microbiota-derived metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) among HM patients, which is closely associated with the reduced probiotics, both negatively correlated with HM severity. Genetic analyses determined that gut microbiota are causally associated with myopia risk. Importantly, when mice subjected to HM modeling receive fecal microbiota transplantation from healthy donors, there is an increase in 3-IAA plasma levels and simultaneous retardation of HM progression along with better maintenance of collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) expression in the sclera. Furthermore, 3-IAA gavage achieves similar effects. Mechanistic investigations confirm the transcriptional activation of COL1A1 by 3-IAA via promoting the enrichment of SP1 to its promoter. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the gut microbiota-eye axis in the pathogenesis of HM and propose new strategies for HM intervention by remodeling the gut microbiota and indole supplementation.},
}

@article {pmid39187454,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, M and Xie, L and Yin, S and Zhou, J and Yi, L and Ye, L},
title = {The Gut Microbial Lipid Metabolite 14(15)- EpETE Inhibits Substance P Release by Targeting GCG/PKA Signaling to Relieve Cisplatin-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Rats.},
journal = {Journal of microbiology and biotechnology},
volume = {34},
number = {9},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.4014/jmb.2403.03044},
pmid = {39187454},
issn = {1738-8872},
abstract = {Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a debilitating side effect related to activation of substance P (SP). SP activation can result from dysregulation of the gut-brain axis, and also from activation of protein kinase A signaling (PKA) signaling. In this study, we connected these factors in an attempt to unveil the mechanisms underlying CINV and develop new therapeutic strategies. Female rats were injected with cisplatin to induce pica. Fecal samples were collected before/after injection, and subjected to lipid metabolomics analysis. In another portion of pica rats, the PKA inhibitor KT5720 was applied to investigate the involvement of PKA signaling in CINV, while fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was implemented to verify the therapeutic effect of the lipid metabolite 14(15)-EpETE. Pica symptoms were recorded, followed by ileal histological examination. The targeting relationship between 14(15)-EpETE and glucagon was determined by bioinformatics. SP and glucagon/PKA signaling in rat ileum, serum, and/or brain substantia nigra were detected by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and/or western blot. The results showed a significantly lower level of 14(15)-EpETE in rat feces after cisplatin injection. KT5720 treatment alleviated cisplatin-induced pica symptoms, ileal injury, SP content increase in the ileum, serum, and brain substantia nigra, and ileal PKA activation in rats. The ileal level of glucagon was elevated by cisplatin in rats. FMT exerted an effect similar to that of KT5720 treatment, relieving the cisplatin-induced changes, including ileal glucagon/PKA activation in rats. Our findings demonstrate that FMT restores 14(15)-EpETE production, which inhibits SP release by targeting GCG/PKA signaling, ultimately mitigating CINV.},
}

@article {pmid39187187,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Wei, H and Qin, X and Song, H and Yang, M and Zhang, L and Liu, Y and Wang, Z and Zhang, Y and Lai, Y and Yang, J and Chen, Y and Chen, Z and Zeng, J and Wang, X and Liu, R},
title = {Is anxiety and depression transmissible? - Depressed mother rats transmit anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes to cohabited rat pups through gut microbiota assimilation.},
journal = {Journal of affective disorders},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2024.08.164},
pmid = {39187187},
issn = {1573-2517},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study is to investigate the role of gut microbiota transmission in the development of anxiety/depression in offspring exposed to maternal depression.

METHOD: Offspring rats were cohabitated with their depressed mother or father rats (which exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)) for 2, 4, and 6 months, the anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, and interaction/caring activities between mother/father and their pups were detected. The gut microbiota composition and its relationship with behaviors were analyzed. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed to establish the gut microbiota of depressed/normal mother rats in the offspring rats to further confirm the role of "depressive gut microbiota" transmission in mediating the anxiety/depression in the pups.

RESULTS: Anxiety and depression phenotypes can be transmitted from depressed mother rats to their cohabited offspring. Frequent interaction and gut microbiota assimilation were observed between rat mothers and pups. Remodeling of the gut microbiota in pups by FMT could induce or attenuate anxiety- and depression-like phenotypes depending on the origin of the fecal microbiota. By comparison, the pups cohabitated with depressed father rats showed slighter anxiety and depression.

CONCLUSIONS: These data together support that depressed mother can transmit anxiety/depression to their pups through gut microbiota assimilation, which is related to frequent interaction. Our study reinforces the importance of mental health of mothers in preventing the occurrence of childhood anxiety and depression, and pointing out the possibility of remodeling intestinal microbiota as an effective therapy for treating anxiety/depression in children.},
}

@article {pmid39184689,
year = {2024},
author = {Smith, B and Smith, H and Machini, M},
title = {Novel Pharmaceuticals and Therapeutics for Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha-Resistant Crohn's Disease: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e65357},
pmid = {39184689},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a medical condition that causes persistent, relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. It is an umbrella term encompassing two different conditions: ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The standard treatment for patients with moderate to severe CD is tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors; however, a subset of CD patients face challenges in regard to this disease's treatment. Certain populations of patients with CD may exhibit resistance or develop tolerance to TNF-α inhibitor therapy over time. The recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation associated with CD can severely impact the quality of life and lead to complications for those suffering from this condition. The symptomatic flare-ups these subpopulations continue to experience underscores why such a need for alternative therapies is desperately needed. These alternative therapies not only offer potential benefits for those with TNF-α resistance, but CD may also serve as a superior therapy option for those trying to avoid the adverse effects of CD treatments available today. This review aims to explore and investigate the novel drugs and therapies that are being investigated for the treatment of TNF-α resistant CD, such as upadacitinib, risankizumab, vedolizumab, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and stem cell therapy. Upadacitinib is a Janus kinase inhibitor, Risankizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-23, and Vedolizumab is an integrin receptor antagonist. The latest advancements in CD management have shown encouraging results. Some of these novel drugs and therapies not only offer a potential solution for CD patients exhibiting resistance to TNF-α inhibitors but may also provide a superior alternative for individuals prone to opportunistic infections.},
}

@article {pmid39184030,
year = {2024},
author = {Shera, S and Katzka, W and Yang, JC and Chang, C and Arias-Jayo, N and Lagishetty, V and Balioukova, A and Chen, Y and Dutson, E and Li, Z and Mayer, EA and Pisegna, JR and Sanmiguel, C and Pawar, S and Zhang, D and Leitman, M and Hernandez, L and Jacobs, JP and Dong, TS},
title = {Bariatric-induced microbiome changes alter MASLD development in association with changes in the innate immune system.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1407555},
pmid = {39184030},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects nearly 25% of the population and is the leading cause for liver-related mortality. Bariatric surgery is a well-known treatment for MASLD and obesity. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms by which bariatric surgery can alter MASLD can lead to new avenues of therapy and research. Previous studies have identified the microbiome's role in bariatric surgery and in inflammatory immune cell populations. The host innate immune system modulates hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, and thus the progression of MASLD. The precise role of immune cell types in the pathogenesis of MASLD remains an active area of investigation. The aim of this study was to understand the interplay between microbiota composition post-bariatric surgery and the immune system in MASLD.

METHODS: Eighteen morbidly obese females undergoing sleeve gastrectomy were followed pre-and post-surgery. Stool from four patients, showing resolved MASLD post-surgery with sustained weight loss, was transplanted into antibiotic treated mice. Mice received pre-or post-surgery stool and were fed a standard or high-fat diet. Bodyweight, food intake, and physiological parameters were tracked weekly. Metabolic parameters were measured post-study termination.

RESULTS: The human study revealed that bariatric surgery led to significant weight loss (p > 0.05), decreased inflammatory markers, and improved glucose levels six months post-surgery. Patients with weight loss of 20% or more showed distinct changes in blood metabolites and gut microbiome composition, notably an increase in Bacteroides. The mouse model confirmed surgery-induced microbiome changes to be a major factor in the reduction of markers and attenuation of MASLD progression. Mice receiving post-surgery fecal transplants had significantly less weight gain and liver steatosis compared to pre-surgery recipients. There was also a significant decrease in inflammatory cytokines interferon gamma, interleukin 2, interleukin 15, and mig. This was accompanied by alterations in liver immunophenotype, including an increase in natural killer T cells and reduction of Kupfer cells in the post-surgery transplant group.

DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest surgery induced microbial changes significantly reduce inflammatory markers and fatty liver progression. The results indicate a potential causal link between the microbiome and the host immune system, possibly mediated through modulation of liver NKT and Kupffer cells.},
}

@article {pmid39183943,
year = {2024},
author = {Fitzjerrells, RL and Ollberding, NJ and Mangalam, AK},
title = {Looking at the full picture, using topic modeling to observe microbiome communities associated with disease.},
journal = {Gut microbes reports},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
pmid = {39183943},
issn = {2993-3935},
abstract = {The microbiome, a complex micro-ecosystem, helps the host with various vital physiological processes. Alterations of the microbiome (dysbiosis) have been linked with several diseases, and generally, differential abundance testing between the healthy and patient groups is performed to identify important bacteria. However, providing a singular species of bacteria to an individual as treatment has not been as successful as fecal microbiota transplant therapy, where the entire microbiome of a healthy individual is transferred. These observations suggest that a combination of bacteria might be crucial for the beneficial effects. Here we provide the framework to utilize topic modeling, an unsupervised machine learning approach, to identify a community of bacteria related to health or disease. Specifically, we used our previously published gut microbiome data of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a neurodegenerative disease linked to a dysbiotic gut microbiome. We identified communities of bacteria associated with MS, including genera previously discovered, but also others that would have been overlooked by differential abundance testing. This method can be a useful tool for analyzing the microbiome, and it should be considered along with the commonly utilized differential abundance tests to better understand the role of the gut microbiome in health and disease.},
}

@article {pmid39182245,
year = {2024},
author = {Luo, X and Yang, X and Tan, S and Zhang, Y and Liu, Y and Tian, X and Huang, Y and Zhou, Y and He, C and Yin, K and Xu, D and Li, X and Sun, F and Tang, R and Cao, J and Zheng, K and Yu, Y and Pan, W},
title = {Gut microbiota mediates anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii in mice.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2391535},
pmid = {39182245},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; *Anxiety/microbiology ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Toxoplasma/physiology ; Male ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Dysbiosis/microbiology ; Amygdala/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology/psychology/parasitology/microbiology ; Chronic Disease ; Brain-Gut Axis/physiology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Colon/microbiology/parasitology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic infection with the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) can cause anxiety and gut microbiota dysbiosis in hosts. However, the potential role of gut microbiota in anxiety induced by the parasite remains unclear.

METHODS: C57BL/6J mice were infected with 10 cysts of T. gondii. Antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments were utilized to investigate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and anxiety. Anxiety-like behaviors were examined by the elevated plus maze test and the open field test; blood, feces, colon and amygdala were collected to evaluate the profiles of serum endotoxin (Lipopolysaccharide, LPS) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), gut microbiota composition, metabolomics, global transcriptome and neuroinflammation in the amygdala. Furthermore, the effects of Diethyl butylmalonate (DBM, an inhibitor of mitochondrial succinate transporter, which causes the accumulation of endogenous succinate) on the disorders of the gut-brain axis were evaluated.

RESULTS: Here, we found that T. gondii chronic infection induced anxiety-like behaviors and disturbed the composition of the gut microbiota in mice. In the amygdala, T. gondii infection triggered the microglial activation and neuroinflammation. In the colon, T. gondii infection caused the intestinal dyshomeostasis including elevated colonic inflammation, enhanced bacterial endotoxin translocation to blood and compromised intestinal barrier. In the serum, T. gondii infection increased the LPS levels and decreased the 5-HT levels. Interestingly, antibiotics ablation of gut microbiota alleviated the anxiety-like behaviors induced by T. gondii infection. More importantly, transplantation of the fecal microbiota from T. gondii-infected mice resulted in anxiety and the transcriptomic alteration in the amygdala of the antibiotic-pretreated mice. Notably, the decreased abundance of succinate-producing bacteria and the decreased production of succinate were observed in the feces of the T. gondii-infected mice. Moreover, DBM administration ameliorated the anxiety and gut barrier impairment induced by T. gondii infection.

CONCLUSIONS: The present study uncovers a novel role of gut microbiota in mediating the anxiety-like behaviors induced by chronic T. gondii infection. Moreover, we show that DBM supplementation has a beneficial effect on anxiety. Overall, these findings provide new insights into the treatment of T. gondii-related mental disorders.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Mice
*Anxiety/microbiology
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Toxoplasma/physiology
Male
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Dysbiosis/microbiology
Amygdala/metabolism
Behavior, Animal
Toxoplasmosis/physiopathology/psychology/parasitology/microbiology
Chronic Disease
Brain-Gut Axis/physiology
Disease Models, Animal
Colon/microbiology/parasitology

@article {pmid39182099,
year = {2024},
author = {Zheng, H and Zhang, X and Li, C and Wang, D and Shen, Y and Lu, J and Zhao, L and Li, X and Gao, H},
title = {BCAA mediated microbiota-liver-heart crosstalk regulates diabetic cardiomyopathy via FGF21.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {157},
pmid = {39182099},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {22074106//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 21974096//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism ; Mice ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism/microbiology ; *Liver/metabolism ; *Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology/metabolism ; Male ; Myocardium/metabolism/pathology ; PPAR alpha/metabolism ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism/microbiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is one of leading causes of diabetes-associated mortality. The gut microbiota-derived branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been reported to play a central role in the onset and progression of DCM, but the potential mechanisms remain elusive.

RESULTS: We found the type 1 diabetes (T1D) mice had higher circulating BCAA levels due to a reduced BCAA degradation ability of the gut microbiota. Excess BCAA decreased hepatic FGF21 production by inhibiting PPARα signaling pathway and thereby resulted in a higher expression level of cardiac LAT1 via transcription factor Zbtb7c. High cardiac LAT1 increased the levels of BCAA in the heart and then caused mitochondrial damage and myocardial apoptosis through mTOR signaling pathway, leading to cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction in T1D mice. Additionally, transplant of faecal microbiota from healthy mice alleviated cardiac dysfunction in T1D mice, but this effect was abolished by FGF21 knockdown.

CONCLUSIONS: Our study sheds light on BCAA-mediated crosstalk among the gut microbiota, liver and heart to promote DCM and FGF21 serves as a key mediator. Video Abstract.},
}

Animals
*Fibroblast Growth Factors/metabolism
Mice
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Diabetic Cardiomyopathies/metabolism/microbiology
*Liver/metabolism
*Amino Acids, Branched-Chain/metabolism
Signal Transduction
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/microbiology/metabolism
Male
Myocardium/metabolism/pathology
PPAR alpha/metabolism
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism/microbiology

@article {pmid39180723,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, L and Hao, Y and Han, D and Dong, W and Yang, A and Sun, Z and Ge, Y and Duan, S and Zhang, X and Dai, Z},
title = {Gut microbiota dysbiosis deteriorates immunoregulatory effects of tryptophan via colonic indole and LBP/HTR2B-mediated macrophage function.},
journal = {The ISME journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ismejo/wrae166},
pmid = {39180723},
issn = {1751-7370},
abstract = {Tryptophan (Trp) has been shown to regulate immune function by modulating gut serotonin (5-HT) metabolism and signaling. However, the mechanisms underlying the microbial modulation of gut 5-HT signaling in gut inflammation with gut microbiota dysbiosis require further investigation. Here, we investigated the effects of Trp supplementation on the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiome and 5-HT signaling-related gut immune function using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model coupled with antibiotic exposure. The results showed that antibiotic treatment before but not during DSS treatment decreased the immunoregulatory effects of Trp and aggravated gut inflammation and body weight loss in mice. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) of Trp-enriched gut microbiota to recipient mice subject to antibiotic preexposure and DSS treatment aggravated inflammation by increasing the relative abundances of Lactobacillus and Parabacteroides and the microbial production of indole coupled with the activation of the 5-HT receptor HTR2B in the colon. Transcriptomic analysis showed that HTR2B agonist administration strengthened the beneficial effects of Trp in DSS-induced colitis mice with antibiotic exposure by reducing gut lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) production, IκB-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling, and M1 macrophage polarization. Indole treatment reduced LBP production and M1 macrophage polarization both in mice with DSS-induced colitis and in lipopolysaccharide-treated mouse macrophages; however, the HTR2B antagonist reversed the effects of indole. Our findings provide the basis for developing new dietary and therapeutic interventions to improve gut microbiota dysbiosis-associated inflammatory gut disorders and diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39180442,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Yang, L and Feng, Y and Duan, B and Zhang, H and Tang, Y and Zhang, C and Yang, J},
title = {Isoorientin Alleviates DSS-Treated Acute Colitis in Mice by Regulating Intestinal Epithelial P-Glycoprotein (P-gp) Expression.},
journal = {DNA and cell biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1089/dna.2024.0101},
pmid = {39180442},
issn = {1557-7430},
abstract = {Isoorientin (ISO) is a naturally occurring flavonoid with diverse functional properties that mitigate the risk of diseases stemming from oxidation, inflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a vital component of the intestinal epithelium and may play a role in the onset of intestinal inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent studies have suggested that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids (SBAs) produced by the gut microbiota stimulate the increase of P-gp expression, alleviating excessive inflammation and thereby preservation of intestinal homeostasis. ISO has been shown to improve colon health and modulate the gut microbiota. In this study, we aimed to explore whether ISO can modulate the microbes and their metabolites to influence P-gp expression to alleviate IBD. First, the impact of ISO on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated colitis in mice was investigated. Second, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. The present study indicated that ISO mitigated the symptoms and pathological damage associated with DSS-treated colitis in mice. Western blot analysis revealed ISO upregulated P-gp in colon tissues, suggesting the critical role of P-gp protein in intestinal epithelial cells. 16S microbial diversity sequencing revealed ISO restored the richness and variety of intestinal microorganisms in colitis-bearing mice and enriched SCFA-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group. The experiments also revealed that the ISO fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) inoculation of DSS-treated mice had similarly beneficial results. FMT mice showed a reduction in colitis symptoms, which was more pronounced in ISO-FMT than in CON-FMT mice. Meanwhile, ISO-FMT expanded the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, increased the expression of metabolites, such as SCFAs and total SBAs, and significantly upregulated the expression of P-gp protein. In addition, Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between the production of SCFAs and SBAs and the expression of P-gp. The present study identified that ISO increases the expression of P-gp in the intestinal epithelium by regulating intestinal microorganisms and their metabolites, which maintains colonic homeostasis, improves the integrity of the colonic epithelium, and alleviates colitis.},
}

@article {pmid39180286,
year = {2024},
author = {Jin, X and Sheng, W and Liu, X and Zhu, D},
title = {Optimizing Colonoscopy Preparation in Autistic Children: A Comparative Study of Hypertonic Sugar Saline and Normal Saline Enemas.},
journal = {Clinical pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {99228241275054},
doi = {10.1177/00099228241275054},
pmid = {39180286},
issn = {1938-2707},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the effectiveness of combining oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution with hypertonic sugar saline enema for colonoscopy preparation in autistic children.

METHODS: Clinical data of 58 children with autism who underwent fecal bacteria transplantation and transendoscopic enteral tubing (TET) catheterization at the hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Participants were allocated into 2 groups: a control group (26 children) and an observation group (32 children), differentiated by their intestinal preparation protocols. The control group was administered oral polyethylene glycol combined with normal saline enema, whereas the observation group was given oral polyethylene glycol combined with hypertonic sugar saline enema. The Boston Bowel Preparation Scale (BBPS) was used to score intestinal cleanliness. Differences in intestinal cleanliness and colonoscopy duration between the 2 groups were compared.

RESULTS: The group treated with hypertonic sugar saline enema exhibited significantly higher BBPS scores (6.78 ± 0.83) and an intestinal passage rate of 96.86%, which were statistically significant compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, the colonoscopy duration was notably shorter in the observation group (14.03 ± 4.86 minutes) compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that an oral polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution combined with a hypertonic sugar saline enema is a more effective preparation method for colonoscopy in autistic children.},
}

@article {pmid39179176,
year = {2024},
author = {Ngo, VL and Wang, Y and Wang, Y and Shi, Z and Britton, R and Zou, J and Ramani, S and Jiang, B and Gewirtz, AT},
title = {Select gut microbiota impede rotavirus vaccine efficacy.},
journal = {Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101393},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.101393},
pmid = {39179176},
issn = {2352-345X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND& AIMS: The protection provided by rotavirus (RV) vaccines is highly heterogeneous amongst individuals. We hypothesized that microbiota composition might influence RV vaccine efficacy.

METHODS: First, we examined the potential of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization to influence RV vaccine efficacy in mice. Next, we probed the Influence of human microbiomes on RV vaccination via administering mice fecal microbial transplants (FMT) from children with robust or minimal RV vaccine responsiveness. Post-FMT, mice were subjected to RV vaccination followed by RV challenge.

RESULTS: SFB colonization induced a phenotype that was reminiscent of RV vaccine failure, i.e. failure to generate RV antigens and, consequently, anti-RV antibodies following RV vaccination resulting in proneness to RV challenge after SFB levels diminished. FMT from children to mice recapitulated donor vaccination phenotype. Specifically, mice receiving FMT from high-responsive vaccinees copiously shed RV antigens and robustly generated anti-RV antibodies following RV vaccination. Concomitantly, such mice were impervious to RV challenge. In contrast, mice receiving FMT from children who had not responded to RV vaccination exhibited only modest responses to RV vaccination and, concomitantly, remained prone to RV challenge. Microbiome analysis ruled out a role for SFB but suggested involvement of Clostridium perfringens. Oral administration of cultured C. perfringens to gnotobiotic mice partially recapitulated the RV vaccine non-responder phenotype. Analysis of published microbiome data found C. perfringens abundance in children modestly associated with RV vaccine failure.

CONCLUSION: Microbiota composition influences RV vaccine efficacy with C. perfringens being one, perhaps of many, potential contributing taxa.},
}

@article {pmid39178987,
year = {2024},
author = {Shukla, V and Singh, S and Verma, S and Verma, S and Rizvi, AA and Abbas, M},
title = {Targeting the Microbiome to Improve Human Health with the Approach of Personalized Medicine: Latest Aspects and Current Updates.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition ESPEN},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.08.005},
pmid = {39178987},
issn = {2405-4577},
abstract = {The intricate ecosystem of microorganisms residing within and on the human body, collectively known as the microbiome, significantly influences human health. Imbalances in this microbiome, referred to as dysbiosis, have been associated with various diseases, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic approaches. Personalized medicine, Tailors treatments to individual patient characteristics, offers a promising avenue for addressing microbiome-related health issues. This review highlights recent developments in utilizing personalized medicine to target the microbiome, aiming to enhance health outcomes. Noteworthy strategies include fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), where healthy donor microbes are transferred to patients, showing promise in treating conditions such as recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Additionally, probiotics, which are live microorganisms similar to beneficial gut inhabitants, and prebiotics, non-digestible compounds promoting microbial growth, are emerging as tools to restore microbiome balance. The integration of these approaches, known as synbiotics, enhances microbial colonization and therapeutic effects. Advances in metagenomics and sequencing technologies provide the means to understand individual microbiome profiles, enabling tailored interventions. This paper aims to present the latest insights in leveraging personalized medicine to address microbiome-related health concerns, envisioning a future where microbiome-based therapies reshape disease management and promote human health.},
}

@article {pmid39176325,
year = {2024},
author = {Nilofar, F and Babu, N and Kumar, M and Palanisamy, S and T, G},
title = {From Hemorrhage to Diarrhea: The Comprehensive Clinical Journey of a Patient With Pseudomembranous Colitis.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e65176},
pmid = {39176325},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Pseudomembranous colitis (PC) is an inflammation of the colon primarily caused by the bacterium Clostridium difficile (C. difficile), often following antibiotic use. This case report describes the intricate clinical course of a 48-year-old male farmer with a history of chronic alcoholism, tobacco use, and seizure disorder, who presented with acute onset of left-sided weakness. CT brain revealed an intra-axial hemorrhage in the right gangliocapsular region with significant edema and midline shift. The patient's condition necessitated mechanical ventilation due to a low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Complications ensued with the onset of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) on day six, attributed to multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, which was managed with meropenem and polymyxin. Following successful weaning from the ventilator, he experienced severe watery diarrhea, high-grade fever, and diffuse abdominal pain on day 13. Subsequent stool tests confirmed PC caused by C. difficile, characterized by diffuse colonic wall-thickening with a water target sign on contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) abdomen. Initial treatment with oral vancomycin and metronidazole was followed by symptomatic treatment. Two weeks later, the patient had a relapse of PC, presenting with multiple episodes of loose stools, which was managed with oral metronidazole alone. Colonoscopy and biopsy confirmed the relapse, showing inflamed colonic mucosa with pseudomembranes. This case highlights the importance of strict infection control, prudent antibiotic use, and close monitoring for these patients. It also suggests the potential role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent cases. The patient's recovery demonstrates the effectiveness of meticulous medical management and adherence to infection control protocols in achieving optimal outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39173982,
year = {2024},
author = {Ding, FF and Zhou, NN and Wang, T and Bao, MY and Qiao, F and Du, ZY and Zhang, ML},
title = {Fish gut-derived probiotic Pediococcus pentosaceus alleviates gossypol-induced intestinal inflammation by inhibiting NLRC3/NF-κB/IL-1β signal pathway in Nile tilapia.},
journal = {Fish & shellfish immunology},
volume = {153},
number = {},
pages = {109852},
doi = {10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109852},
pmid = {39173982},
issn = {1095-9947},
abstract = {Cottonseed meal (CSM) and cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) serve as protein alternatives to fish meal and soybean meal in the feed industry. However, the presence of gossypol residue in CSM and CPC can potentially trigger severe intestinal inflammation, thereby restricting the widespread utilization of these two protein sources. Probiotics are widely used to prevent or alleviate intestinal inflammation, but their efficacy in protecting fish against gossypol-induced enteritis remains uncertain. Here, the protective effect of Pediococcus pentosaceus, a strain isolated from the gut of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), was evaluated. Three diets, control diet (CON), gossypol diet (GOS) and GOS supplemented with P. pentosaceus YC diet (GP), were used to feed Nile tilapia for 10 weeks. After the feeding trial, P. pentosaceus YC reduced the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the proximal intestine (PI) and distal intestine (DI). Following a 7-day exposure to Aeromonas hydrophila, the addition of P. pentosaceus YC was found to increase the survival rate of the fish. P. pentosaceus YC significantly inhibited the oxidative stress caused by gossypol, which was evidenced by lower reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as higher activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in PI and DI. Addition of P. pentosaceus YC significantly inhibited enteritis, with the lower expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (il-1β, il-6, il-8) and higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines tgf-β. RNA-seq analysis indicated that P. pentosaceus YC supplementation significantly inhibited nlrc3 and promoted nf-κb expression in PI and DI, and the siRNA interference experiment in vivo demonstrated that intestinal inflammation was mediated by NLRC3/NF-κB/IL-1β signaling pathway. Fecal bacteria transplantation experiment demonstrated that gut microbiota mediated the protective effect of P. pentosaceus YC. These findings offer valuable insights into the application of P. pentosaceus YC for alleviating gossypol-induced intestinal inflammation in fish.},
}

@article {pmid39173885,
year = {2024},
author = {MacGibeny, MA and Adjei, S and Pyle, H and Bunick, CG and Ghannoum, M and Grada, A and Harris-Tryon, T and Tyring, SK and Kong, HH},
title = {Alterations in the Skin Microbiome in Dermatologic Diseases and with External Exposures: CME Part 2.},
journal = {Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jaad.2024.07.1499},
pmid = {39173885},
issn = {1097-6787},
abstract = {In Part I of our CME we reviewed the skin microbiome in healthy individuals. Part II reviews the evolving understanding of alterations in the skin microbiome in specific human diseases. We also discuss how the skin microbiome can change with environmental exposures and medications such as antibiotics as well as ongoing research on microbiome-based interventions.},
}

@article {pmid39173756,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, J and Zhang, Z and Zhong, S and Zhang, X and Yang, J and Zhou, Q and Wang, D and Chang, X and Wang, H},
title = {Fecal microbiome transplantation alleviates manganese-induced neurotoxicity by altering the composition and function of the gut microbiota via the cGAS-STING/NLRP3 pathway.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {951},
number = {},
pages = {175681},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175681},
pmid = {39173756},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Manganese (Mn) is an environmental pollutant, and overexposure can cause neurodegenerative disorders similar to Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease that are characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) overexpression, Tau hyperphosphorylation and neuroinflammation. However, the mechanisms of Mn neurotoxicity are not clearly defined. In our study, a knockout mouse model of Mn exposure combined with gut flora-induced neurotoxicity was constructed to investigate the effect of gut flora on Mn neurotoxicity. The results showed that the levels of Tau, p-Tau and Aβ in the hippocampus of C57BL/6 mice were greater than those in the hippocampus of control mice after 5 weeks of continuous exposure to manganese chloride (Mn content of 200 mg/L). Transplanted normal and healthy fecal microbiota from mice significantly downregulated Tau, p-Tau and Aβ expression and ameliorated brain pathology. Moreover, Mn exposure activated the cGAS-STING pathway and altered the cecal microbiota profile, characterized by an increase in Clostridiales, Pseudoflavonifractor, Ligilactobacillus and Desulfovibrio, and a decrease in Anaerotruncus, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, Fusimonas and Firmicutes, While fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) treatment inhibited this pathway and restored the microbiota profile. FMT alleviated Mn exposure-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome triggered by overactivation of the cGAS-STING pathway. Deletion of the cGAS and STING genes and FMT altered the gut microbiota composition and its predictive function. Phenotypic prediction revealed that FMT markedly decreased the abundances of anaerobic and stress-tolerant bacteria and significantly increased the abundances of facultative anaerobic bacteria and biofilm-forming bacteria after blocking the cGAS-STING pathway compared to the Mn-exposed group. FMT from normal and healthy mice ameliorated the neurotoxicity of Mn exposure, possibly through alterations in the composition and function of the microbiome associated with the cGAS-STING/NLRP3 pathway. This study provides a prospective direction for future research on the mechanism of Mn neurotoxicity.},
}

@article {pmid39172643,
year = {2024},
author = {Offersen, SM and Mao, X and Spiegelhauer, MR and Larsen, F and Li, VR and Sandris Nielsen, D and Aunsholt, L and Thymann, T and Brunse, A},
title = {Fecal virus-like particles are sufficient to reduce necrotizing enterocolitis.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2392876},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2392876},
pmid = {39172643},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control/therapy ; Animals ; *Feces/virology/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Swine ; Humans ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/genetics ; Animals, Newborn ; Disease Models, Animal ; Virome ; Clostridium perfringens ; Bacteriophages/genetics/physiology ; Diarrhea/therapy/virology/prevention & control/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Fecal filtrate transfer (FFT) is emerging as a safer alternative to traditional fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) - particularly in the context of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a severe gastrointestinal condition affecting preterm infants. Using a preterm piglet model, FFT has demonstrated superiority over FMT in safety and NEC prevention. Since FFT is virtually devoid of bacteria, prokaryotic viruses (bacteriophages) are assumed to mediate the beneficial effects. However, this assumption remains unproven. To address this gap, we separated virus-like particles (30 kDa to 0.45 µm) of donor feces from the residual postbiotic fluid. We then compared clinical and gut microbiota responses to these fractions with the parent FFT solution after transferring them to NEC-susceptible preterm piglets. Virome transfer was equally effective as FFT in reducing the severity of NEC-like pathology. The bacterial compositional data corroborated clinical findings as virome transfer reduced the relative abundance of several NEC-associated pathogens e.g. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium perfringens. Virome transfer diversified gut viral communities with concomitant constraining effects on the bacterial composition. Unexpectedly, virome transfer, but not residual postbiotic fluid, led to earlier diarrhea. While diarrhea may be a minor concern in human infants, future work should identify ways of eliminating this side effect without losing treatment efficacy.},
}

*Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control/therapy
Animals
*Feces/virology/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Swine
Humans
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/genetics
Animals, Newborn
Disease Models, Animal
Virome
Clostridium perfringens
Bacteriophages/genetics/physiology
Diarrhea/therapy/virology/prevention & control/microbiology

@article {pmid39172216,
year = {2024},
author = {Xu, X and Jin, H and Li, X and Yan, C and Zhang, Q and Yu, X and Liu, Z and Liu, S and Zhu, F},
title = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Regulates Blood Pressure by Altering Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.},
journal = {Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39172216},
issn = {1867-1314},
abstract = {Hypertension is accompanied by gut microbiota imbalance, but the role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of hypertension requires further study. In this study, we used fecal microbiota transplantation to determine the impact of microbiota composition on blood pressure in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), using normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats as controls. SHRs were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10/group), SHR and SHR-T (SHR plus fecal transplantation) and WKY into WKY and WKY-T (WKY plus fecal transplantation). SHR-T received fecal transplantation from WKY, while WKY-T received fecal transplantation from SHR. Blood pressure was measured from the tail artery in conscious rats. 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to analyze bacterial composition. Circulating levels of diamine oxidase, D-lactate, FITC-Dextrans, and lipopolysaccharide were determined. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe structural changes in the intestinal mucosa. Immunofluorescence, Western blot, and RT-PCR were utilized to determine changes in the expression of tight junction proteins. Following cross fecal transplantation, blood pressure decreased in SHR and increased in WKY. Significant differences in gut microbial composition were found between hypertensive and normotensive rats, specifically regarding the relative abundance of lactic and butyric acid-producing bacteria. Changes in gut microbiota composition also impacted the intestinal mucosal barrier integrity. Moreover, fecal transplantation affected the expression of tight junction proteins that may impact intestinal mucosal permeability and structural integrity. Blood pressure may be associated with butyric acid-producing intestinal microbiota and its function in regulating the integrity of intestinal mucosal barrier.},
}

@article {pmid39170992,
year = {2024},
author = {Sanchez Cruz, C and Rojas Huerta, A and Lima Barrientos, J and Rodriguez, C and Devani, A and Boosahda, V and Rasagna Mareddy, NS and Briceno Silva, G and Del Castillo Miranda, JC and Reyes Gochi, KA and Reyes Gochi, MD and Alvarez, S and Ghattas Hasbun, PE},
title = {Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: An Integrative Review With a Focus on the Gut Microbiome.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e65136},
pmid = {39170992},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent research indicates a significant link between IBD and cardiovascular disease (CVD), the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. This review examines the association between IBD and CVD, emphasizing the role of the gut microbiome in this relationship. IBD patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cerebrovascular incidents, primarily due to chronic systemic inflammation, genetic factors, and gut microbiota imbalance (dysbiosis). Dysbiosis in IBD increases intestinal permeability, allowing bacterial products to enter the bloodstream, which promotes inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, contributing to CVD. Understanding the gut microbiome's role in IBD and CVD suggests new therapeutic interventions. Modulating the microbiome through diet, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are promising research avenues. These interventions aim to restore a healthy gut microbiota balance, potentially reducing inflammation and improving cardiovascular outcomes. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of regular cardiovascular risk assessments and personalized preventive measures in managing IBD patients. Such measures include routine monitoring of cardiovascular health, tailored lifestyle modifications, and early intervention strategies to mitigate cardiovascular risk. By integrating current knowledge, this review aims to improve understanding and management of the interconnected pathophysiology of IBD and CVD. This approach will ultimately enhance patient outcomes and provide a foundation for future research and clinical practice guidelines in this area.},
}

@article {pmid39170985,
year = {2024},
author = {Zou, X and Zou, X and Gao, L and Zhao, H},
title = {Gut microbiota and psoriasis: pathogenesis, targeted therapy, and future directions.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1430586},
pmid = {39170985},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {*Psoriasis/therapy/microbiology/drug therapy ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Prebiotics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Interleukin-17/metabolism ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is one of the most common autoimmune skin diseases. Increasing evidence shows that alterations in the diversity and function of microbiota can participate in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through various pathways and mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE: To review the connection between microbial changes and psoriasis, how microbial-targeted therapy can be used to treat psoriasis, as well as the potential of prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, diet, and Traditional Chinese Medicine as supplementary and adjunctive therapies.

METHODS: Literature related to the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiota was searched in PubMed and CNKI.

RESULTS: Adjunct therapies such as dietary interventions, traditional Chinese medicine, and probiotics can enhance gut microbiota abundance and diversity in patients with psoriasis. These therapies stimulate immune mediators including IL-23, IL-17, IL-22, and modulate gamma interferon (IFN-γ) along with the NF-kB pathway, thereby suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorating systemic inflammatory conditions.

CONCLUSION: This article discusses the direction of future research and clinical treatment of psoriasis from the perspective of intestinal microbiota and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine, so as to provide clinicians with more comprehensive diagnosis and treatment options and bring greater hope to patients with psoriasis.},
}

*Psoriasis/therapy/microbiology/drug therapy
Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Medicine, Chinese Traditional
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Probiotics/therapeutic use
Prebiotics
Cytokines/metabolism
Interleukin-17/metabolism

@article {pmid39166878,
year = {2024},
author = {Lu, Q and Zhu, R and Zhou, L and Zhang, R and Li, Z and Xu, P and Wang, Z and Wu, G and Ren, J and Jiao, D and Song, Y and Li, J and Wang, W and Liang, R and Ma, X and Sun, Y},
title = {Gut dysbiosis contributes to the development of Budd-Chiari syndrome through immune imbalance.},
journal = {mSystems},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0079424},
doi = {10.1128/msystems.00794-24},
pmid = {39166878},
issn = {2379-5077},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS) is a rare and lethal condition characterized by hepatic venous outflow tract blockage. Gut microbiota has been linked to numerous hepatic disorders, but its significance in B-CS pathogenesis is uncertain. First, we performed a case-control study (Ncase = 140, Ncontrol = 63) to compare the fecal microbiota of B-CS and healthy individuals by metagenomics sequencing. B-CS patients' gut microbial composition and activity changed significantly, with a different metagenomic makeup, increased potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Prevotella, and disease-linked microbial function. Imbalanced cytokines in patients were demonstrated to be associated with gut dysbiosis, which led us to suspect that B-CS is associated with gut microbiota and immune dysregulation. Next, 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mice models examined the link between gut dysbiosis and B-CS. FMT models showed damaged liver tissues, posterior inferior vena cava, and increased Prevotella in the disturbed gut microbiota of FMT mice. Notably, B-CS-FMT impaired the morphological structure of colonic tissues and increased intestinal permeability. Furthermore, a significant increase of the same cytokines (IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-13) and endotoxin levels in B-CS-FMT mice were observed. Our study suggested that gut microbial dysbiosis may cause B-CS through immunological dysregulation.

IMPORTANCE: This study revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis may cause Budd-Chiari syndrome (B-CS). Gut dysbiosis enhanced intestinal permeability, and toxic metabolites and imbalanced cytokines activated the immune system. Consequently, the escalation of causative factors led to their concentration in the portal vein, thereby compromising both the liver parenchyma and outflow tract. Therefore, we proposed that gut microbial dysbiosis induced immune imbalance by chronic systemic inflammation, which contributed to the B-CS development. Furthermore, Prevotella may mediate inflammation development and immune imbalance, showing potential in B-CS pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid39166867,
year = {2024},
author = {Sintes, R and McLellan, P and Navelli, G and Landman, C and Delage, S and Truong, S and Benech, N and Kapel, N and Moreino Sabater, A and Schnuriger, A and Eckert, C and Bleibtreu, A and Joly, A-C and Sokol, H},
title = {Use of frozen native feces for fecal microbiota transplantation in recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection: a simple way to improve the efficiency of donor feces preparation.},
journal = {Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0073424},
doi = {10.1128/aac.00734-24},
pmid = {39166867},
issn = {1098-6596},
abstract = {Preparing fecal microbiota transplants immediately after donation is resource-intensive, and a proportion are destroyed following abnormal screening results. We retrospectively compared two processes, frozen fecal preparation (FFP) and fresh native frozen preparation (FNFP), for clinical efficacy in the treatment of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI). FFP and FNFP were similarly effective with clinical success rates of 76.7% and 86.7% (P = 0.32), respectively. FNFP is an efficient procedure that saves resources while maintaining clinical efficacy in rCDI.},
}

@article {pmid39165355,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, J and Zhang, J and Wang, F and Tang, X},
title = {Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction modulated the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism and restored the function of goblet cells in a mouse model of ulcerative colitis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1445838},
pmid = {39165355},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology/drug therapy/metabolism/therapy ; Mice ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *Goblet Cells/drug effects/metabolism ; *Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Male ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Colon/pathology/metabolism/drug effects/microbiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction (MGQD) has been shown to effectively relieve ulcerative colitis (UC) without a known pharmacological mechanism. In this study, the anti-colitis efficaciousness of MGQD and its underlying mechanisms in UC were evaluated.

METHODS: Mice with colitis were administered MGQD for 7 days. Following the evaluation of clinical symptoms, gut microbiota in the feces of UC mice was examined using 16S rRNA sequencing and bile acids (BAs) were examined using LC/MS. Gut microbiota consumption and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were used to explore the involvement of gut microbiota in the anti-UC action of MGQD.

RESULTS: MGQD relieved colitis as shown by weight loss protection, a lower disease activity index (DAI), restoration of intestinal length reduction, and lower histopathologic scores. MGQD also restored crypt stem cell proliferation and function of colonic goblet cells, and promoted MUC2 protein secretion. Interestingly, investigations using gut bacterial depletion and FMT showed that MGQD attenuated colonic damage in a gut-dependent way. The modulation of the gut microbiota by MGQD might be attributed to a decrease in Odoribacter and an increase in norank_f_Muribaculaceae. In addition, MGQD modulated the metabolism of BAs while restoring the structure of the gut microbiota.

CONCLUSION: MGQD significantly alleviated colitis in mice, which may be associated with the modulation of gut microbiota and BA metabolism and restoration of function of goblet cells. However, factors other than the gut microbiota may also be involved in the amelioration of UC by MGQD.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology/drug therapy/metabolism/therapy
Mice
*Disease Models, Animal
*Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*Goblet Cells/drug effects/metabolism
*Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
Male
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Colon/pathology/metabolism/drug effects/microbiology

@article {pmid39165756,
year = {2023},
author = {Hosseini, PSK and Wang, B and Luan, Y and Sun, F and Michail, S},
title = {Gut metabolomic profiles in paediatric ulcerative colitis patients prior to and after receiving faecal microbiota transplants.},
journal = {Gut microbiome (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {4},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39165756},
issn = {2632-2897},
support = {R01 HD081197/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR000130/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; UL1 TR001855/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an immune-mediated inflammation of the colonic mucosa. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may play a significant role in disease pathogenesis by causing shifts in metabolomic profiles within the gut. To identify differences and trends in the metabolomic profile of paediatric UC patients pre- and post-faecal microbiota transplants (FMT). Forty-six paediatric patients with mild-to-moderate UC and 30 healthy paediatric patients were enrolled in this study. Baseline stool samples were collected prior to FMT initiation and at months 1, 3, 6, and 12 post-FMT. Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index (PUCAI) scores were calculated at baseline and months 1, 3, 6, and 12 after FMT. The average Bray-Curtis dissimilarities to healthy subjects decreased after FMT. In principal coordinate analysis plots, UC patients' centroids drew nearer to healthy individuals. The variance explained by phenotype (Healthy versus UC) reduced and remained significant. From 1 to 3 months after FMT, PUCAI trends were statistically significant and decreasing. PUCAI scores remain flat starting 6 months after FMT. This study concludes that paediatric UC patients have a significantly different baseline metabolite profile than healthy controls. Although being time limited, FMT significantly altered these metabolite profiles and shifted them towards that of healthy controls.},
}

@article {pmid39163753,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, Z and Wang, X and Fu, L and Xu, S and Wang, X and Liao, Q and Zhuang, T and Liu, L and Zhang, H and Li, W and Xiong, A and Gu, L and Wang, Z and Wang, R and Tao, F and Yang, L and Ding, L},
title = {Shengmai San formula alleviates high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice through gut microbiota-derived bile acid promotion of M2 macrophage polarization and thermogenesis.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {155938},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155938},
pmid = {39163753},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Shengmai San Formula (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) that has been used to treat wasting-thirst regarded as diabetes mellitus, which occurs disproportionately in obese patients. Therefore, we investigated whether SMS could be used to treat obesity, and explored possible mechanisms by which it might improve glucose and fat metabolism.

METHODS: To investigate the effects of SMS on a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity (DIO) model, we studied glucose metabolism via glucose tolerance testing (GTT) and insulin tolerance testing (ITT). Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) was evaluated using H&E staining, along with browning-related gene and protein expression. Changes in bile acid (BA) levels in serum, liver, ileum, and inguinal white adipose tissue were detected by Ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). In addition, antimicrobial mixture (ABX) and fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) experiments were used to verify the role of gut flora in the effects produced by SMS on HFD-induced obesity model.

RESULTS: SMS ameliorated diet-induced dyslipidemia in a dose-dependent manner and reduced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in DIO mice, helping to restore energy metabolism homeostasis. SMS significantly altered the structure of intestinal microbiome composition, decreasing the abundance of Lactobacillus carrying bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes and thereby increasing the level of conjugated BAs in the blood, ileum, and iWAT. Increased TCA content promoted the secretion of Slit3 from M2 macrophages in iWAT, which activates the protein kinase A/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (PKA/CaMKII) signaling pathway in sympathetic neurons via the roundabouts receptor 1(ROBO1). This pathway promotes the synthesis and release of norepinephrine (NE), inducing cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) release in adipose tissue that activates the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A/phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase (cAMP/PKA/pHSL) pathway and enhances WAT browning. ABX treatment eliminated SMS effects on glucose and lipid metabolism in DIO mice, whereas glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice improved following SMS-FMT and increased the level of serum bile acids.

CONCLUSION: SMS affects intestinal flora and bile acid composition in vivo and increased TCA promotes M2 macrophage polarization and Slit3 release in adipose tissue. This induces NE release and increases WAT browning in obese mice, which may be a mechanism by which SMS could be used to treat obesity.},
}

@article {pmid39163678,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, X and Peng, J and Cai, P and Xia, Y and Yi, C and Shang, A and Akanyibah, FA and Mao, F},
title = {The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {179},
number = {},
pages = {117302},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117302},
pmid = {39163678},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex disorder with an unknown cause. However, the dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been found to play a role in IBD etiology, including exacerbated immune responses and defective intestinal barrier integrity. The gut microbiome can also be a potential biomarker for several diseases, including IBD. Currently, conventional treatments targeting pro-inflammatory cytokines and pathways in IBD-associated dysbiosis do not yield effective results. Other therapies that directly target the dysbiotic microbiome for effective outcomes are emerging. We review the role of the gut microbiome in health and IBD and its potential as a diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic target for IBD. This review also explores emerging therapeutic advancements that target gut microbiome-associated alterations in IBD, such as nanoparticle or encapsulation delivery, fecal microbiota transplantation, nutritional therapies, microbiome/probiotic engineering, phage therapy, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), gut proteins, and herbal formulas.},
}

@article {pmid39163526,
year = {2024},
author = {van der Vossen, EWJ and Davids, M and Voermans, B and Wortelboer, K and Hartstra, AV and Koopen, AM and de Groot, P and Levin, E and Nieuwdorp, M},
title = {Disentangle beneficial effects of strain engraftment after fecal microbiota transplantation in subjects with MetSyn.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2388295},
pmid = {39163526},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Metabolic Syndrome/therapy/microbiology ; Female ; Feces/microbiology ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics ; Adult ; Blood Pressure ; Treatment Outcome ; },
abstract = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential modality for mitigating microbiome-associated diseases. Despite this potential, the precise causal pathways by which specific gut microbiota strains induce remission remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, we aimed to discern the impact of engraftment of donor-infused strains on alterations in plasma metabolites, subsequently contributing to the amelioration of clinical parameters involved in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) receiving an FMT. We observed that a higher fraction of donor strains engrafted in the recipient is correlated to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure and found specific strain associations through canonical correlation analysis. Integrating the metabolomics profile shows that engraftment of Collinsella aerofaciens and Fusocatenibacter saccharovorans was related to a reduction in 2-oxoarginine in plasma, which was subsequently correlated to a reduction in diastolic blood pressure. In conclusion, we applied a novel framework to elucidate on the complex and heterogenous FMT intervention, establishing a connection between engrafted microbiota and clinical outcome parameters. Our findings underscore the potential therapeutic efficacy of FMT in ameliorating MetSyn, demonstrating a potential contribution of microbial strain engraftment to the improvement of MetSyn via modulation of circulating metabolites.},
}

*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Male
Middle Aged
*Metabolic Syndrome/therapy/microbiology
Female
Feces/microbiology
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/metabolism/genetics
Adult
Blood Pressure
Treatment Outcome

@article {pmid39163273,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, X and Dai, X and Zhao, L and Li, J and Zhu, Y and He, W and Guan, X and Wu, T and Liu, L and Song, H and Lei, L},
title = {Quercetin activates energy expenditure to combat metabolic syndrome through modulating gut microbiota-bile acids crosstalk in mice.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2390136},
pmid = {39163273},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Quercetin/pharmacology ; Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; Mice ; *Energy Metabolism/drug effects ; *Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/microbiology/drug therapy ; Male ; *Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; *Thermogenesis/drug effects ; *Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism/drug effects ; Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism/drug effects ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; },
abstract = {Abdominal obesity-related metabolic syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a significant global public health issue that affects human health. Flavonoids, such as quercetin, have been reported to exert obvious anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects in both humans and animal models. However, the precise underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we investigated the potential roles of gut microbiota-bile acids (BAs) interactions in quercetin-induced anti-obesity effects and metabolic benefits. Oral administration of quercetin significantly enhanced energy metabolism through activating thermogenesis of brown adipose tissues (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissues (WAT), thus mitigating metabolic dysfunctions in an abdominal obesity-related MetS mouse model. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that quercetin treatment substantially promoted the generation of non-12α-hydroxylated BAs (non-12OH BAs), particularly ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), in serum via regulating the overall structure of gut microbiota and enriching Lactobacillus. High level of non-12OH BAs bind to Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) on adipocytes to stimulate thermogenesis. Remarkably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from quercetin-treated mice replicated the effects of quercetin on non-12OH BAs generation and energy expenditure, which suggested gut microbiota reshape and concomitant BAs regulation were responsible for the benefits on energy metabolism of quercetin in the MetS mouse model. Our findings not only highlighted the critical role of gut microbiota-BAs crosstalk in mediating quercetin-induced energy expenditure, but also enriched the pharmacological mechanisms of quercetin in ameliorating MetS-related diseases.},
}

*Quercetin/pharmacology
Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
Mice
*Energy Metabolism/drug effects
*Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/microbiology/drug therapy
Male
*Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
*Thermogenesis/drug effects
*Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism/drug effects
Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism/drug effects
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism/genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

@article {pmid39163019,
year = {2024},
author = {Manithody, C and Denton, C and Mehta, S and Carter, J and Kurashima, K and Bagwe, A and Syn, M and Guzman, M and Besmer, S and Jain, S and McHale, M and Qureshi, K and Nazzal, M and Caliskan, Y and Long, J and Lin, CJ and Hutchinson, C and Ericsson, AC and Jain, AK},
title = {Intraduodenal Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Ameliorates Gut Atrophy and Cholestasis in a Novel Parenteral Nutrition Piglet Model.},
journal = {American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1152/ajpgi.00012.2024},
pmid = {39163019},
issn = {1522-1547},
support = {NIH-1R01DK131136-01//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; NIH-R21AI169487-01//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; NIH-1R03 DK121046-01//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; NIH-P01AG078106-01//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; NIH-1U01 AI163064-01//HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides lifesaving nutritional support intravenously; however it is associated with significant side effects. Given gut microbial alterations noted with TPN, we hypothesized that transferring fecal microbiota from healthy controls would restore gut-systemic signaling in TPN and mitigate injury.

METHODS: Using our novel ambulatory model (US Patent: US 63/136,165), 31 piglets were randomly allocated to enteral nutrition (EN), TPN only, TPN + antibiotics (TPN-A) or TPN + intraduodenal fecal microbiota transplant (TPN-FMT) for 14 days. Gut, liver, and serum were assessed through histology, biochemistry, and qPCR. Stool samples underwent 16s rRNA sequencing. PERMANOVA, Jaccard and Bray-Curtis metrics were performed.

RESULTS: Significant bilirubin elevation in TPN and TPN-A vs EN (p<0.0001) was prevented with FMT. IFN-G, TNF-alpha, IL-beta, IL-8 and LPS were significantly higher in TPN (p=0.009/0.001/0.043/0.011/<0.0001), with preservation upon FMT. Significant gut-atrophy by villous/crypt ratio in TPN (p<0.0001) and TPN-A (p=0.0001) vs EN was prevented by FMT (p=0.426 vs EN). Microbiota profiles using Principal Coordinate Analysis demonstrated significant FMT and EN overlap, with the largest separation in TPN-A followed by TPN, driven primarily by Firmicutes and Fusobacteria. TPN altered gut barrier was preserved upon FMT. Upregulated CYP7A1 and BSEP in TPN and TPN-A, and downregulatedFGFR4, EGF, FXR and TGR5 vs EN was prevented by FMT.

CONCLUSION: This study provides novel evidence of prevention of gut atrophy, liver injury and microbial dysbiosis with intraduodenal FMT, challenging current paradigms into TPN injury mechanisms and underscores importance of gut microbes as prime targets for therapeutics and drug discovery.},
}

@article {pmid39162553,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, S and Tong, L and Li, X and Zhang, Y and Chen, H and Zhang, W and Zhang, H and Chen, Y and Chen, R},
title = {A novel clinically relevant human fecal microbial transplantation model in humanized mice.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0043624},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.00436-24},
pmid = {39162553},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {The intact immune system of mice exhibits resistance to colonization by exogenous microorganisms, but the gut microbiota profiles of the humanized mice and the patterns of human fecal microbiota colonization remain unexplored. Humanized NCG (huNCG) mice were constructed by injected CD34 +stem cells. 16S rRNA sequencing and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) technologies were used to detect the differences in microbiota and selective colonization ability for exogenous community colonization among three mice cohorts (C57BL/6J, NCG, and huNCG). Flow cytometry analysis showed that all huNCG mice had over 25% hCD45 +in peripheral blood. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that compared with NCG mice, the gut microbiota of huNCG mice were significantly altered. After FMT, the principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that the gut microbial composition of huNCG mice (huNCG-D9) was similar to that of donors. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were significantly increased in huNCG mice compared to NCG mice. Further comparison of ASV sequences revealed that Bacteroides plebeius, Bacteroides finegoldii, Escherichia fergusonii, Escherichia albertii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Klebsiella variicola exhibited higher abundance and stability in huNCG mice after FMT. Furthermore, PICRUSt2 analysis showed that huNCG mice had significantly enhanced metabolism and immunity. This study demonstrated that humanized mice are more conducive to colonization within the human gut microbiota, which provides a good method for studying the association between human diseases and microbiota.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiota and biomarkers of humanized mice are systematically revealed for the first time. The finding that human fecal microbiota colonize humanized mice more stably provides new insights into the study of interactions between immune responses and gut microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid39162211,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Xiao, Y and Wen, Q and Zhang, S and Li, P and Marcella, C and Hu, B and Liu, H and Zhang, F and Cui, B},
title = {Washed microbiota transplantation improved the level of serum vitamin D in ulcerative colitis.},
journal = {Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jgh.16717},
pmid = {39162211},
issn = {1440-1746},
support = {81600417//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; BK20211384//Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province/ ; YKK23284//Nanjing Health Technology Development Project/ ; //Nanjing Medical University Fan Daiming Research Funds for Holistic Integrative Medicine/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Vitamin D (VD) deficiency was reported to correlate with ulcerative colitis (UC) activity, which might be closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. This study aims to investigate the effects of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) on VD metabolism in UC.

METHODS: The serum levels of 25-hdroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in 121 patients with UC and 53 healthy controls (HC) were detected. Subsequently, a non-randomized control trial (non-RCT) was conducted. Patients with UC were non-randomly assigned to undergo WMT (n = 28) vs. conventional treatment (5-aminosalicylic acid, 5-ASA, n = 10). Serum levels of 25(OH)D, fecal microbiota, and the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) in patients with UC were evaluated with a 3-month follow-up.

RESULTS: Serum VD levels collected in the clinic practice indicated that patients with UC had significantly lower VD levels than HC (P < 0.001). In the non-RCT, serum 25(OH)D level and VDR expression significantly increased (P = 0.011, 0.026, respectively) in the WMT group, while no noticeable changes were observed in the non-WMT group. Microbiome profiling revealed that the increase in VD levels after WMT was positively associated with the abundances of Adlercreutzia_equolifaciens, Ruminococcus_obeum, and Dorea but negatively correlated with Escherichia.

CONCLUSIONS: The study suggested that WMT increases the levels of VD with characteristic changes of specific microbiota, which indicated the association between the VD and the activity of UC might be regulated by gut microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid39161885,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Yuan, ZY and Wang, XY and Zhu, JX and Huang, WF and Xu, GH and Yi, LT},
title = {Anthocyanins-rich cranberry extract attenuates DSS-induced IBD in an intestinal flora independent manner.},
journal = {Current research in food science},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100815},
pmid = {39161885},
issn = {2665-9271},
abstract = {Cranberry is abundantly rich in anthocyanins, a type of flavonoid with potent antioxidant properties and the resistance against certain diseases. In this study, anthocyanin-rich cranberry extract was extracted, purified, and its components were analyzed. 92.18 % of anthocyanins was obtained and the total content of anthocyanins was 302.62 mg/g after AB-8 resin purification. Quantification analysis showed that the extract mainly contained cyanidin-3-galactoside, procyanidin B2 and procyanidin B4. Then we explored its effects on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in mice. The supplementation of cranberry extract resulted in an alleviation of IBD symptoms, evidenced by improvements in the disease activity index (DAI), restoration of colon length and colonic morphology. Cranberry extract reversed the elevated iron and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and restored glutathione (GSH) levels in IBD mice. Further analysis revealed that cranberry modulated ferroptosis-associated genes and reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Although cranberry influenced the intestinal flora balance by reducing Proteobacteria and Escherichia-Shigella, and increasing Lactobacillus, as well as enhancing SCFAs content, these effects were not entirely dependent on intestinal flora modulation, as indicated by antibiotic intervention and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the beneficial impact of cranberry extract on IBD may primarily involve the regulation of colonic ferroptosis, independent of significant alterations in intestinal flora.},
}

@article {pmid39096665,
year = {2024},
author = {Garg, P and Bhasin, SL and Malhotra, P and Rana, SS and Singh, S and Sethi, J and Sehgal, R and Khurana, S and Datta, P},
title = {Multiplex PCR for gastrointestinal parasites in stool: Benchmarking against direct microscopy and simplex PCR.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {110},
number = {2},
pages = {116475},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116475},
pmid = {39096665},
issn = {1879-0070},
mesh = {Humans ; *Feces/parasitology ; *Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; *Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Microscopy/methods ; *Giardia lamblia/genetics/isolation & purification ; Adult ; *Entamoeba histolytica/genetics/isolation & purification ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Cryptosporidium/genetics/isolation & purification ; Child ; Young Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis/parasitology ; Adolescent ; Benchmarking ; Coinfection/parasitology/diagnosis ; Aged ; Diarrhea/parasitology/diagnosis ; Giardiasis/diagnosis/parasitology ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods ; Infant ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: To develop and validate a multiplex conventional PCR assay to simultaneously detect Cryptosporidium spp., Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia in diarrheal samples as a rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive diagnostic tool for prevalent co-infections for improved diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in resource-limited settings.

METHODS: Stool samples collected from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms after taking written consent, processed via wet mount, iodine mount, and PCR assays. Cohen's kappa statistical analysis was done to test agreement.

RESULT: Among 240 patients, 28.75% showed intestinal protozoa via Microscopy; Single-plex and multiplex PCR demonstrated 100% concordance, detecting 27.9%; confirmed by sequencing. Highest parasite positivity was observed in transplant and immunocompromised patients, with moderate to almost perfect agreement between microscopy and molecular methods.

CONCLUSION: Multiplex-conventional PCR offers superior sensitivity and specificity over microscopy and 100% concordance with single-plex PCR, enabling rapid, cost-effective diagnosis of multiple parasites from single stool sample. Its adoption could revolutionize parasitic infection management in routine diagnostics.},
}

Humans
*Feces/parasitology
*Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
*Sensitivity and Specificity
*Microscopy/methods
*Giardia lamblia/genetics/isolation & purification
Adult
*Entamoeba histolytica/genetics/isolation & purification
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Cryptosporidium/genetics/isolation & purification
Child
Young Adult
Child, Preschool
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis/parasitology
Adolescent
Benchmarking
Coinfection/parasitology/diagnosis
Aged
Diarrhea/parasitology/diagnosis
Giardiasis/diagnosis/parasitology
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods
Infant

@article {pmid39161797,
year = {2024},
author = {Taha, AM and Abouelmagd, K and Nada, SA and Mahmoud, AM and Nguyen, D and Sharma, S and Elewa, M},
title = {Impact of fecal microbiota transplantation in severe alcoholic hepatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {JGH open : an open access journal of gastroenterology and hepatology},
volume = {8},
number = {8},
pages = {e70007},
pmid = {39161797},
issn = {2397-9070},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Severe alcoholic hepatitis (SAH) is a serious condition with few treatments. By modifying the gut-liver axis, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was proposed as a treatment for SAH. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of FMT versus the standard of care (SOC) in improving SAH patient survival rates.

METHODS: A thorough search of electronic databases was conducted till September 2023. The survival rates of SAH patients undergoing FMT versus SOC were compared. Using Review Manager 5.4, odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.

RESULTS: The meta-analysis consisted of six studies with a total of 371 patients with SAH. Patients who received FMT had significantly higher survival rates at 1 and 3 months compared to those who received SOC, with pooled OR of 2.91 (95% CI: 1.56-5.42, P = 0.0008) and 3.07 (95% CI: 1.81-5.20, P < 0.0001), respectively. However, the survival advantage disappeared after 6 months (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 0.99-8.85, P = 0.05) and 1 year of follow-up (OR: 1.81, 95% CI: 0.44-7.46, P = 0.41).

CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis highlights the potential of FMT to significantly improve short-term survival rates in SAH patients. However, the survival benefit did not last 6-12 months. These findings call for additional research into the effectiveness of FMT over the long term, along with strategies for extending the survival benefit.},
}

@article {pmid39161161,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, H and Shao, Y and Hu, Y and Qian, J and Wang, P and Tian, L and Ni, Y and Li, S and Al-Nusaif, M and Liu, C and Le, W},
title = {Fecal microbiota from patients with Parkinson's disease intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice.},
journal = {CNS neuroscience & therapeutics},
volume = {30},
number = {8},
pages = {e70003},
pmid = {39161161},
issn = {1755-5949},
support = {YDZX20213100001002//Shanghai Municipal Central Government Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development/ ; 32220103006//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 82271524//National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mice ; *Parkinson Disease/microbiology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Male ; Inflammation/metabolism/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Female ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; },
abstract = {AIMS: We evaluated the potential of Parkinson's disease (PD) fecal microbiota transplantation to initiate or exacerbate PD pathologies and investigated the underlying mechanisms.

METHODS: We transplanted the fecal microbiota from PD patients into mice by oral gavage and assessed the motor and intestinal functions, as well as the inflammatory and pathological changes in the colon and brain. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with metabolomics analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of fecal delivery on the fecal microbiota and metabolism in recipient mice.

RESULTS: The fecal microbiota from PD patients increased intestinal inflammation, deteriorated intestinal barrier function, intensified microglia and astrocyte activation, abnormal deposition of α-Synuclein, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brains of A53T mice. A mechanistic study revealed that the fecal microbiota of PD patients stimulated the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway in both the brain and colon. Additionally, multiomics analysis found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from PD patients not only altered the composition of the gut microbiota but also influenced the fecal metabolic profile of the recipient mice.

CONCLUSION: The fecal microbiota from PD patients intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice. Our findings demonstrate that imbalance and dysfunction in the gut microbiome play significant roles in the development and advancement of PD.},
}

Animals
Mice
*Parkinson Disease/microbiology/metabolism
Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Male
Inflammation/metabolism/microbiology
Feces/microbiology
Mice, Transgenic
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Female
alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
Brain/metabolism/pathology

@article {pmid39161102,
year = {2024},
author = {Fasano, A and Chassaing, B and Haller, D and Flores Ventura, E and Carmen-Collado, M and Pastor, N and Koren, O and Berni Canani, R},
title = {Microbiota during pregnancy and early life: role in maternal-neonatal outcomes based on human evidence.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2392009},
doi = {10.1080/19490976.2024.2392009},
pmid = {39161102},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Milk, Human/microbiology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Infant ; Host Microbial Interactions ; },
abstract = {Here, we explored the vast potential of microbiome-based interventions in preventing and managing non-communicable diseases including obesity, diabetes, allergies, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, malnutrition, and cardiovascular diseases across different life stages. We discuss the intricate relationship between microbiome and non-communicable diseases, emphasizing on the "window of opportunity" for microbe-host interactions during the first years after birth. Specific biotics and also live biotherapeutics including fecal microbiota transplantation emerge as pivotal tools for precision medicine, acknowledging the "one size doesn't' fit all" aspect. Challenges in implementation underscore the need for advanced technologies, scientific transparency, and public engagement. Future perspectives advocate for understanding maternal-neonatal microbiome, exploring the maternal exposome and delving into human milk's role in the establishment and restoration of the infant microbiome and its influence over health and disease. An integrated scientific approach, employing multi-omics and accounting for inter-individual variance in microbiome composition and function appears central to unleash the full potential of early-life microbiome interventions in revolutionizing healthcare.},
}

Humans
Pregnancy
Female
Infant, Newborn
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Milk, Human/microbiology
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Infant
Host Microbial Interactions

@article {pmid39159270,
year = {2024},
author = {Romaní-Pérez, M and Líebana-García, R and Flor-Duro, A and Bonillo-Jiménez, D and Bullich-Vilarrubias, C and Olivares, M and Sanz, Y},
title = {Obesity and the gut microbiota: implications of neuroendocrine and immune signaling.},
journal = {The FEBS journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/febs.17249},
pmid = {39159270},
issn = {1742-4658},
support = {//The European Commission - NextGeneration EU/ ; CEX2021-001189-S//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; PID2020-119536RB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation/ ; },
abstract = {Obesity is a major health challenge due to its high prevalence and associated comorbidities. The excessive intake of a diet rich in fat and sugars leads to a persistent imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure, which increases adiposity. Here, we provide an update on relevant diet-microbe-host interactions contributing to or protecting from obesity. In particular, we focus on how unhealthy diets shape the gut microbiota and thus impact crucial intestinal neuroendocrine and immune system functions. We describe how these interactions promote dysfunction in gut-to-brain neuroendocrine pathways involved in food intake control and postprandial metabolism and elevate the intestinal proinflammatory tone, promoting obesity and metabolic complications. In addition, we provide examples of how this knowledge may inspire microbiome-based interventions, such as fecal microbiota transplants, probiotics, and biotherapeutics, to effectively combat obesity-related disorders. We also discuss the current limitations and gaps in knowledge of gut microbiota research in obesity.},
}

@article {pmid39158846,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Song, YU and Zeng, W and Wang, L and Qin, J and Fang, L and Ding, Y},
title = {Research progress on the role of gut microbiota and its metabolites in the occurrence and development of septic-associated liver injury.},
journal = {Shock (Augusta, Ga.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1097/SHK.0000000000002441},
pmid = {39158846},
issn = {1540-0514},
abstract = {Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction that occurs due to a dysregulated host response to infection. Septic-associated liver injury (SALI) has been closely linked to the prognosis and mortality of sepsis. Recent investigations have delved into the gut-liver axis and its association with SALI, identifying its pivotal role in the gut microbiota. Bacterial translocation and the onset of SALI can occur due to an imbalance in the gut microbiota, impairing the function of the gut barrier. Moreover, their metabolites might exacerbate or initiate SALI by modulating immune responses. Nevertheless, interventions to restore the balance of the gut microbiota, such as the administration of probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, or dietary adjustments, may ameliorate SALI and enhance the prognosis and survival rates of septic patients. This review aimed to elucidate the function of the gut microbiota in the genesis and procession of SALI and its potential therapeutic value, offering a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis and therapeutic avenues for SALI.},
}

@article {pmid39158277,
year = {2024},
author = {Cabirol, A and Chhun, A and Liberti, J and Kesner, L and Neuschwander, N and Schaerli, Y and Engel, P},
title = {Fecal transplant allows transmission of the gut microbiota in honey bees.},
journal = {mSphere},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0026224},
doi = {10.1128/msphere.00262-24},
pmid = {39158277},
issn = {2379-5042},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: The study of the fecal microbiota is crucial for unraveling the pathways through which gut symbionts are acquired and transmitted. While stable gut microbial communities are essential for honey bee health, their modes of acquisition and transmission are yet to be confirmed. The gut of honey bees is colonized by symbiotic bacteria within 5 days after emergence from their wax cells as adults. Few studies have suggested that bees could be colonized in part via contact with fecal matter in the hive. However, the composition of the fecal microbiota is still unknown. It is particularly unclear whether all bacterial species can be found viable in the feces and can therefore be transmitted to newborn nestmates. Using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we revealed that the composition of the honey bee fecal microbiota is strikingly similar to the microbiota of entire guts. We found that fecal transplantation resulted in gut microbial communities similar to those obtained from feeding gut homogenates. Our study shows that fecal sampling and transplantation are viable tools for the non-invasive analysis of bacterial community composition and host-microbe interactions. It also implies that contact of young bees with fecal matter in the hive is a plausible route for gut microbiota acquisition.

IMPORTANCE: Honey bees are crucial pollinators for many crops and wildflowers. They are also powerful models for studying microbiome-host interactions. However, current methods rely on gut tissue disruption to analyze microbiota composition and use gut homogenates to inoculate microbiota-deprived bees. Here, we provide two new and non-invasive approaches that will open doors to longitudinal studies: fecal sampling and transplantation. Furthermore, our findings provide insights into gut microbiota transmission in social insects by showing that ingestion of fecal matter can result in gut microbiota acquisition.},
}

@article {pmid39157730,
year = {2024},
author = {Ceccon, M and Kantsjö, JB and Ronchi, F},
title = {Personalized Paths: Unlocking Alzheimer's via the Gut-Brain Axis.},
journal = {Visceral medicine},
volume = {40},
number = {4},
pages = {194-209},
pmid = {39157730},
issn = {2297-4725},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by abnormal protein aggregates in the brain that lead to cognitive decline. While current therapies only treat symptoms, disease-modifying treatments are urgently needed. Studies suggest that the composition of the microbiota is altered in people with AD, suggesting a link between gut bacteria and AD-related brain changes.

SUMMARY: In our narrative review, we explore various microbial interventions, such as faecal microbiota transplantation, probiotics, and diet, as powerful potential treatments. Studies suggest changes in microbiota composition following these interventions, with some beneficial effects on cognitive function. However, the mechanism of action of these microbial interventions is still unknown.

KEY MESSAGE: Our aim was to highlight the importance of personalised approaches, taking into account individual metabolic and microbiome profiles. We try to address gaps in current research and emphasise the need for microbiota analysis at different stages of the disease and its integration with clinical parameters and lifestyle information for a comprehensive understanding of AD progression (summarised in online suppl. Fig. 1; for all online suppl. material, see https://doi.org/10.1159/000535869).},
}

@article {pmid39155775,
year = {2024},
author = {Jarasvaraparn, C and Rodrigo, M and Hartley, C and Karnsakul, W},
title = {Exploring Odevixibat's efficacy in alagille syndrome: insights from recent clinical trials and IBAT Inhibitor Experiences.},
journal = {Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1080/14656566.2024.2392873},
pmid = {39155775},
issn = {1744-7666},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is a rare, genetic, multisystem disorder commonly associated with cholestatic liver disease; patients with ALGS may experience elevated serum bile acids and severe pruritus with associated impaired sleep. The ileal bile acid transporter (IBAT) is located on the luminal surface of enterocytes in the terminal ileum; this transport protein mediates resorption of conjugated bile acids for recirculation back to the liver. Inhibition of IBAT disrupts the enterohepatic circulation and leads to fecal elimination of bile acids.

AREAS COVERED: Here, the role of odevixibat as a novel, nonsurgical approach to interrupting the enterohepatic circulation from the intestine by inhibition of IBAT is reviewed, specifically in reference to currently available data on pharmacologic IBAT inhibition. IBAT inhibition has been shown to reduce serum bile acids and pruritus in trials of cholestatic liver diseases in children including ALGS.

EXPERT OPINION: Odevixibat or IBAT inhibitor should be considered as a first-line treatment for ALGS to improve pruritis, quality of life and liver-related outcomes including absence of liver transplant, surgical biliary diversion, hepatic decompensation, and death.},
}

@article {pmid39154362,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, R and Yang, W and Feng, W and Huang, X and Cen, M and Peng, G and Wu, W and Wang, Z and Jing, Y and Long, T and Liu, Y and Li, Z and Chang, G and Huang, K},
title = {Time-restricted feeding ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through modulating hepatic nicotinamide metabolism via gut microbiota remodeling.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2390164},
pmid = {39154362},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; *Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; *Liver/metabolism ; *Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects ; Male ; *Niacinamide/metabolism ; *Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Disease Models, Animal ; Lipid Metabolism ; Aldehyde Oxidase/metabolism ; Lipogenesis ; Hepatocytes/metabolism ; Humans ; },
abstract = {Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as a global health concern, lacking specific therapeutic strategies. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) regimen demonstrated beneficial effects in NAFLD; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a NAFLD mouse model through a high-fat diet (HFD) and implemented the 16:8 TRF regimen for a duration of 6 weeks. We demonstrated that TRF remarkably alleviated hepatic steatosis in HFD mice. Of note, aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1), a key enzyme in hepatic nicotinamide (NAM) catabolism, exhibited apparent upregulation in response to HFD, leading to abnormal accumulation of N-Methyl-6-pyridone-3-carboxamide (N-Me-6-PY, also known as 2PY) and N-Methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide (N-Me-4-PY, also known as 4PY), whereas it was almost restored by TRF. Both N-Me-6-PY and N-Me-4-PY promoted de novo lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake capacities in hepatocyte, and aggravated hepatic steatosis in mice either fed chow diet or HFD. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of AOX1 was sufficient to ameliorate the hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolic dysregulation induced by HFD. Moreover, transplantation of fecal microbiota efficiently mimicked the modulatory effect of TRF on NAM metabolism, thus mitigating hepatic steatosis and lipid metabolic disturbance, suggesting a gut microbiota-dependent manner. In conclusion, our study reveals the intricate relationship between host NAM metabolic modification and gut microbiota remodeling during the amelioration of NAFLD by TRF, providing promising insights into the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.},
}

Animals
*Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Mice
*Liver/metabolism
*Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
Male
*Niacinamide/metabolism
*Mice, Inbred C57BL
Disease Models, Animal
Lipid Metabolism
Aldehyde Oxidase/metabolism
Lipogenesis
Hepatocytes/metabolism
Humans

@article {pmid39153277,
year = {2024},
author = {Huang, Y and Chen, H and Chen, J and Wu, Q and Zhang, W and Li, D and Lu, Y and Chen, Y},
title = {Yellow tea polysaccharides protect against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via regulation of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism in mice.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {155919},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155919},
pmid = {39153277},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major clinical and global public health issue, with no specific pharmacological treatment available. Currently, there is a lack of approved drugs for the clinical treatment of NAFLD. Large-leaf yellow tea polysaccharides (YTP) is a natural biomacromolecule with excellent prebiotic properties and significant therapeutic effects on multiple metabolic diseases. However, the specific mechanisms by which YTP regulates NAFLD remain unclear.

PURPOSE: This study aims to explore the prebiotic effects of YTP and the potential mechanisms by which it inhibits hepatic cholesterol accumulation in NAFLD mice.

METHODS: The effects of YTP on lipid accumulation were evaluated in NAFLD mice through obesity trait analysis and bile acids (BAs) metabolism assessment. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was performed, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying YTP's regulatory effects on gut microbiota and BA metabolism.

RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that YTP altered the constitution of colonic BA, particularly increasing the levels of conjugated BA and non-12OH BA, which suppressed ileum FXR receptors and hepatic BA reabsorption, facilitated BA synthesis, and fecal BA excretion. The modifications were characterized by a decrease in the levels of FXR, FGF15, FGFR4, and ASBT proteins, and an increase in the levels of Cyp7a1 and Cyp27a1 proteins. YTP might affect enterohepatic circulation and by the activated the hepatic FXR-SHP pathway. Meanwhile, YTP reshaped the intestinal microbiome structure by decreasing BSH-producing genera and increasing taurine metabolism genera. The correlation analysis implied that Muribaculaceae, Pseudomonas, acterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Clostridiales, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, Delftia, Dubosiella, and Romboutsia were strongly correlated with specific BA monomers.

CONCLUSIONS: YTP modulates bile salt hydrolase-related microbial genera to activate alternative bile acid synthesis pathways, thereby inhibiting NAFLD progression. These results suggest that YTP may serve as a potential probiotic formulation, offering a feasible dietary intervention for NAFLD.},
}

@article {pmid39152200,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, Z and Sun, J and Jiang, B and Chen, K and Ge, L and Sun, Z and Wang, A},
title = {Fecal microbiota transplantation accelerates restoration of florfenicol-disturbed intestinal microbiota in a fish model.},
journal = {Communications biology},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {1006},
pmid = {39152200},
issn = {2399-3642},
mesh = {Animals ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/adverse effects ; Carps/microbiology ; Bacteria/metabolism/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis in the fish gut causes significant adverse effects. We use fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to accelerate the restoration of florfenicol-perturbed intestinal microbiota in koi carp, identifying key bacterial populations and metabolites involved in the recovery process through microbiome and metabolome analyses. We demonstrate that florfenicol disrupts intestinal microbiota, reducing beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, Romboutsia, and Faecalibacterium, and causing mucosal injuries. Key metabolites, including aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related compounds, are diminished. We show that FMT effectively restores microbial populations, repairs intestinal damage, and normalizes critical metabolites, while natural recovery is less effective. Spearman correlation analyses reveal strong associations between the identified bacterial genera and the levels of aromatic amino acids and glutathione-related metabolites. This study underscores the potential of FMT to counteract antibiotic-induced dysbiosis and maintain fish intestinal health. The restored microbiota and normalized metabolites provide a basis for developing personalized probiotic therapies for fish.},
}

Animals
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Thiamphenicol/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Dysbiosis/therapy/microbiology
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/adverse effects
Carps/microbiology
Bacteria/metabolism/drug effects

@article {pmid39150086,
year = {2024},
author = {Di Stefano, M},
title = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in the Treatment of Severe Constipation in Children: Is It the Future?.},
journal = {The American journal of gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39150086},
issn = {1572-0241},
}

@article {pmid39147234,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Z and Sun, T and He, Z and Li, Z and Xiong, J and Xiang, H},
title = {Intestinal dysbacteriosis contributes to persistent cognitive impairment after resolution of acute liver failure.},
journal = {The American journal of pathology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.07.014},
pmid = {39147234},
issn = {1525-2191},
abstract = {Regulating the gut microbiota alleviates hepatic encephalopathy (HE). It remains unclear whether it is imperative to withhold treatment for microbial imbalance after liver functional recovery. This work aims to elucidate the alterations in cognitive behavior, liver function, synaptic transmission, and brain metabolites in acute liver failure(ALF) mice before and after hepatic function recovery. Here, thioacetamide was injected intraperitoneally to establish an ALF mouse model, which induced HE. By performing hierarchical clustering analysis, we found that the liver functions normalized, but cognitive dysfunction and intestinal dysbacteriosis were found in the ALF mice 14 days after thioacetamide injection. Additionally, fecal microbiota transplant from the ALF mice with liver function recovery could induce liver injury and cognitive impairment. Moreover, we found alterations in synaptic transmission in the ALF mice with liver function improvement, and the correlations between the gut bacteria and synaptic transmission in the cortex were significant. Finally, we detected apparent alterations in the brain metabolic profiles of the ALF mice after liver function improvement by performing [1]H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, suggesting a risk of HE. These results showed that intestinal dysbacteriosis in ALF mice with liver function recovery is sufficient to induce liver injury and cognitive impairment. These results indicated continuous care may be necessary for monitoring microbial imbalance even in ALF-induced HE patients whose liver function has recovered significantly.},
}

@article {pmid39146793,
year = {2024},
author = {Sartor, RB},
title = {Microbiome modification for personalized treatment of dysbiotic diseases.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {32},
number = {8},
pages = {1219-1224},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.023},
pmid = {39146793},
issn = {1934-6069},
support = {P01 DK094779/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; P30 DK034987/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; *Dysbiosis/therapy ; *Precision Medicine/methods ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Clostridium Infections/therapy/microbiology ; Inflammation ; Clostridioides difficile ; Biomarkers ; },
abstract = {Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) for inflammatory diseases or refractory immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is less effective than for preventing recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection. This commentary outlines strategies to use biomarkers of successful FMT to guide newer approaches to restore microbial homeostasis in individuals with dysbiosis-mediated inflammation.},
}

Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
*Dysbiosis/therapy
*Precision Medicine/methods
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Clostridium Infections/therapy/microbiology
Inflammation
Clostridioides difficile
Biomarkers

@article {pmid39146792,
year = {2024},
author = {Chambers, L and Grencewicz, D and Spakowicz, D},
title = {From poo to promise: Fecal microbiota transplants support immunotherapy re-sensitization in solid tumors.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {32},
number = {8},
pages = {1217-1218},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2024.07.015},
pmid = {39146792},
issn = {1934-6069},
mesh = {*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Humans ; *Immunotherapy/methods ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Melanoma/therapy/immunology ; Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/microbiology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy/immunology/microbiology ; Liver Neoplasms/therapy/immunology ; Animals ; Feces/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Fecal microbiota transplants (FMTs) recently entered the cancer therapeutics field as a method to resensitize treatment-resistant melanoma patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Kim and colleagues extend its utility to other solid tumors, including esophageal and hepatocellular carcinomas.[1].},
}

*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Humans
*Immunotherapy/methods
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Melanoma/therapy/immunology
Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Esophageal Neoplasms/therapy/immunology/microbiology
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy/immunology/microbiology
Liver Neoplasms/therapy/immunology
Animals
Feces/microbiology

@article {pmid39141079,
year = {2024},
author = {Suárez-Carantoña, C and Corbacho-Loarte, MD and Del Campo Albendea, L and Kamel-Rey, S and Halperin, AV and Escudero-Sánchez, R and Ponce-Alonso, M and Moreno, S and Cobo, J},
title = {Is advanced age still a risk factor for recurrence of C. difficile infection in the era of new treatments?.},
journal = {Age and ageing},
volume = {53},
number = {8},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ageing/afae182},
pmid = {39141079},
issn = {1468-2834},
mesh = {Humans ; Male ; Aged, 80 and over ; *Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/mortality/microbiology/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; *Recurrence ; Aged ; Age Factors ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Clostridioides difficile ; Middle Aged ; Fidaxomicin/therapeutic use ; Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Advanced age has been widely identified as a risk factor for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but most related studies were performed before the introduction of novel therapies. The aim of this study was to compare CDI characteristics and outcomes in patients over and under 80 years old with CDI and their outcomes in the era of new treatments.

METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with CDI from January 2021 to December 2022 in an academic hospital. We compared recurrence and mortality at 12 weeks after the end of treatment. An extension of the Fine and Grey model adjusted for competing events was used to assess the effect of age on recurrence.

RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-six patients were considered to have CDI (320 in patients <80 years and 156 in ≥80 years). CDI in older patients was more frequently healthcare-associated and was more severe. Although the Charlson index was almost identical between populations, comorbidities clearly differed. New treatments (bezlotoxumab, fidaxomicin and faecal microbiota transplantation) were more frequently used in older patients without statistical significance (41.3% vs. 33.4%, P = .053). There were 69 (14.5%) recurrences, with no differences by age group after adjusting for competing events. Mortality was greater in the oldest (35.3%) than in the youngest (13.1%); P < .001.

CONCLUSIONS: No differences in CDI recurrence rates were found between age groups. However, there was a high mortality rate in patients ≥80 years old, which emphasises the urgent need to improve the prevention and treatment of CDI in this group.},
}

Humans
Male
Aged, 80 and over
*Clostridium Infections/epidemiology/mortality/microbiology/therapy/diagnosis/drug therapy
Female
Retrospective Studies
Risk Factors
*Recurrence
Aged
Age Factors
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Clostridioides difficile
Middle Aged
Fidaxomicin/therapeutic use
Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal

@article {pmid39141021,
year = {2024},
author = {Mirzababaei, M and Babaei, F and Ghafghazi, S and Rahimi, Z and Asadi, S and Dargahi, L and Nassiri-Asl, M and Haghnazari, L},
title = {Saccharomyces Boulardii alleviates neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in PTZ-kindled seizure rat model.},
journal = {Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39141021},
issn = {1432-1912},
support = {50000886//Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {Previous research have reported that modulating the gut microbiome composition by fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic administration can alleviate seizure occurrence and severity. Saccharomyces boulardii (SB) is a yeast probiotic that has demonstrated ameliorating effects on anxiety, memory and cognitive deficit, and brain amyloidogenesis. In this research, our goal was to examine the anti-seizure effects of SB on the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-kindled male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly categorized into four test groups. The rats were orally administered with saline (control and PTZ groups) or S. boulardii (SB + PTZ and SB groups) for 57 days. From the 29th day of the experiment, the animals received intraperitoneally saline (control and SB groups) or PTZ (PTZ and SB + PTZ groups) on alternate days for 30 days. The administration dose of SB and PTZ was 10[10] CFU/ml/day and 35 mg/kg, respectively. We assessed animal seizure behavior, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus tissue. S. boulardii hindered the PTZ-induced kindling development. SB treatment elevated glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. SB also lessened the hippocampal levels of BDNF and MMP-9. Following SB supplementation, proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-6 were lowered, and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was enhanced. Overall, our data indicated, for the first time, the positive impact of SB on the PTZ-kindled seizure rat model. The anti-seizure activity of SB was mediated by modulating oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and MMP-9 and BDNF levels.},
}

@article {pmid39140343,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, R and Huang, G and Li, S and Huang, H and Zhu, G and Wang, L and Yang, J and Yang, S and Jiang, Z and Zhang, W},
title = {Blueberry extract for the treatment of ischaemic stroke through regulating the gut microbiota and kynurenine metabolism.},
journal = {Phytotherapy research : PTR},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ptr.8300},
pmid = {39140343},
issn = {1099-1573},
support = {0001/2023/AKP//Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR/ ; 006/2023/SKL//Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR/ ; },
abstract = {Although the gut microbiota and kynurenine (KYN) metabolism have significant protective effects against ischaemic stroke (IS), the exact mechanism has yet to be fully elucidated. Combined serum metabolomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were used to reveal the differences between the gut microbiota and metabolites in rats treated with or without blueberry extract. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to validate the protective role of the gut microbiota in IS. Furthermore, the interaction between Prevotella and IS was also confirmed in patients. Rats with IS experienced neurological impairments accompanied by an impaired intestinal barrier and disturbed intestinal flora, which further contributed to heightened inflammatory responses. Furthermore, Prevotella played a critical role in IS pathophysiology, and a positive correlation between Prevotella and KYN was detected. The role of KYN metabolism in IS was further demonstrated by the finding that IDO was significantly upregulated and that the use of the IDO inhibitor, attenuated KYN metabolic pathway activity and ameliorated neurological damage in rats with IS. Prevotella intervention also significantly improved stroke symptoms and decreasing KYN levels in rats with IS. FMT showed that the beneficial effects of blueberry extract on IS involve gut bacteria, especially Prevotella, which were confirmed by microbiological analyses conducted on IS patients. Moreover, blueberry extract led to significant changes in kynurenic acid levels and tryptophan and IDO levels through interactions with Prevotella. Our study demonstrates for the first time that blueberry extract could modulate "intestinal microecology-KYN metabolism" to improve IS.},
}

@article {pmid39139438,
year = {2024},
author = {Jing, L and Zhang, H and Xiang, Q and Hu, H and Zhai, C and Xu, S and Tian, H},
title = {Role of Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Heart Failure.},
journal = {Reviews in cardiovascular medicine},
volume = {25},
number = {7},
pages = {240},
pmid = {39139438},
issn = {2153-8174},
abstract = {Heart failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome characterizing by typical physical signs and symptomatology resulting from reduced cardiac output and/or intracardiac pressure at rest or under stress due to structural and/or functional abnormalities of the heart. HF is often the final stage of all cardiovascular diseases and a significant risk factor for sudden cardiac arrest, death, and liver or kidney failure. Current pharmacological treatments can only slow the progression and recurrence of HF. With advancing research into the gut microbiome and its metabolites, one such trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-has been implicated in the advancement of HF and is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with HF. However, the precise role of TMAO in HF has not yet been clarified. This review highlights and concludes the available evidence and potential mechanisms associated with HF, with the hope of contributing new insights into the diagnosis and prevention of HF.},
}

@article {pmid39138075,
year = {2024},
author = {Yeom, M and Ahn, S and Hahm, DH and Jang, SY and Jang, SH and Park, SY and Jang, JH and Park, J and Oh, JY and Lee, IS and Kim, K and Kwon, SK and Park, HJ},
title = {Acupuncture ameliorates atopic dermatitis by modulating gut barrier function in a gut microbiota-dependent manner in mice.},
journal = {Journal of integrative medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.joim.2024.07.004},
pmid = {39138075},
issn = {2095-4964},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that may be linked to changes in the gut microbiome. Acupuncture has been proven to be effective in reducing AD symptoms without serious adverse events, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the potential effect of acupuncture on AD is gut microbiota-dependent.

METHODS: AD-like skin lesions were induced by applying MC903 topically to the cheek of the mouse. Acupuncture was done at the Gok-Ji (LI11) acupoints. AD-like symptoms were assessed by lesion scores, scratching behavior, and histopathological changes; intestinal barrier function was measured by fecal output, serum lipopolysaccharide levels, histopathological changes, and mRNA expression of markers involved in intestinal permeability and inflammation. Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal samples.

RESULTS: Acupuncture effectively improved chronic itch as well as the AD-like skin lesions with epidermal thickening, and also significantly altered gut microbiota structure as revealed by β-diversity indices and analysis of similarities. These beneficial effects were eliminated by antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota, but were reproduced in gut microbiota-depleted mice that received a fecal microbiota transplant from acupuncture-treated mice. Interestingly, AD mice had intestinal barrier dysfunction as indicated by increased intestinal permeability, atrophy of the mucosal structure (reduced villus height and crypt depth), decreased expression of tight junctions and mucus synthesis genes, and increased expression of inflammatory mediators in the ileum. Acupuncture attenuated these abnormalities, which was gut microbiota-dependent.

CONCLUSION: Acupuncture ameliorates AD-like phenotypes in a gut microbiota-dependent manner and some of these positive benefits are explained by modulation of the intestinal barrier, providing new perspective for non-pharmacological strategies for modulating gut microbiota to prevent and treat AD. Please cite this article as: Yeom M, Ahn S, Hahm DH, Jang SY, Jang SH, Park SY, Jang JH, Park J, Oh JY, Lee IS, Kim K, Kwon SK, Park HJ. Acupuncture ameliorates atopic dermatitis by modulating gut barrier function in a gut microbiota-dependent manner in mice. J Integr Med. 2024; Epub ahead of print.},
}

@article {pmid39137736,
year = {2024},
author = {Cui, S and Huang, Q and Li, T and Shen, W and Chen, X and Sun, X},
title = {Reduction in renal interstitial fibrosis in aged male mice by intestinal microbiota rejuvenation.},
journal = {Gerontology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1159/000540839},
pmid = {39137736},
issn = {1423-0003},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Renal interstitial fibrosis is an important pathological basis for kidney ageing and the progression of ageing nephropathy. In the present research, we established an aged mouse model of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), identified the rejuvenation features of the kidney in aged male mice, and preliminarily analysed the possible mechanism by which the rejuvenation of the intestinal microbiota reduces renal interstitial fibrosis and delays senescence in aged male mice.

METHODS: We established an aged male mice model that was treated with FMT (FMT-Old) and a normal aged male mice control group (Old). Differentially expressed cytokines were identified using a cytokine array, and changes in protein expression related to signal transduction pathways in renal tissues were detected using a signalling pathway array. Senescence-associated β-galactosidase and Masson staining were performed to observe the degrees of renal senescence and tubule interstitial fibrosis. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to detect changes in the expression of the ageing markers p53 and p21 and the inflammation-related protein nuclear factor (NF) κB p65 subunit (RelA/p65).

RESULTS: The pathological features of renal senescence in the FMT-Old group were significantly alleviated, and the levels of the ageing indicators p53 and p21 were decreased (P < 0.05). Integrated predictive analysis revealed that six differentially expressed cytokines, macrophage inflammatory protein-3 beta (MIP-3β or CCL-19), E-selectin, Fas ligand, C-X-C motif chemokine 11 (CXCL-11 or I-TAC), CXCL-1 (keratinocyte-derived chemokine), and CCL-3 (MIP-1α) were related to a common upstream regulatory protein, RelA/p65, and the expression of this protein was significantly different between groups according to the signalling pathway array.

CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the intestinal microbiota regulates the renal microenvironment by reducing immune inflammatory responses through the inhibition of the NF-κB signalling pathway, thereby delaying renal senescence in aged male mice.},
}

@article {pmid39135690,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and Wang, SY and Yan, KX and Wang, P and Jiao, J and Wang, YD and Chen, ML and Dong, Y and Zhong, JC},
title = {Intestinal microbiota by angiotensin receptor blocker therapy exerts protective effects against hypertensive damages.},
journal = {iMeta},
volume = {3},
number = {4},
pages = {e222},
pmid = {39135690},
issn = {2770-596X},
abstract = {Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in hypertension, and drug-host-microbiome interactions have drawn considerable attention. However, the influence of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)-shaped gut microbiota on the host is not fully understood. In this work, we assessed the alterations of blood pressure (BP), vasculatures, and intestines following ARB-modified gut microbiome treatment and evaluated the changes in the intestinal transcriptome and serum metabolome in hypertensive rats. Hypertensive patients with well-controlled BP under ARB therapy were recruited as human donors, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) receiving normal saline or valsartan were considered animal donors, and SHRs were regarded as recipients. Histological and immunofluorescence staining was used to assess the aorta and small intestine, and 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was performed to examine gut bacteria. Transcriptome and metabonomic analyses were conducted to determine the intestinal transcriptome and serum metabolome, respectively. Notably, ARB-modified fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), results in marked decreases in systolic BP levels, collagen deposition and reactive oxygen species accumulation in the vasculature, and alleviated intestinal structure impairments in SHRs. These changes were linked with the reconstruction of the gut microbiota in SHR recipients post-FMT, especially with a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus, Aggregatibacter, and Desulfovibrio. Moreover, ARB-treated microbes contributed to increased intestinal Ciart, Per1, Per2, Per3, and Cipc gene levels and decreased Nfil3 and Arntl expression were detected in response to ARB-treated microbes. More importantly, circulating metabolites were dramatically reduced in ARB-FMT rats, including 6beta-Hydroxytestosterone and Thromboxane B2. In conclusion, ARB-modified gut microbiota exerts protective roles in vascular remodeling and injury, metabolic abnormality and intestinal dysfunctions, suggesting a pivotal role in mitigating hypertension and providing insights into the cross-talk between antihypertensive medicines and the gut microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid39135376,
year = {2024},
author = {Wang, J and Jiang, M and Li, X and Ye, Y and Xie, Y and Wu, T and Chen, Y and Yu, H and Wu, H and Yang, Z and Zhou, E},
title = {Inulin Supplementation Alleviates Ochratoxin A-Induced Kidney Injury through Modulating Intestinal Microbiota.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04382},
pmid = {39135376},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a prevalent mycotoxin found in feed that causes significant kidney injury in animals. Further investigation was needed to devise strategies for treating OTA-induced kidney damage through the gut-kidney axis. Evidence indicates the crucial role of intestinal microbiota in kidney damage development. Inulin, a dietary fiber, protects kidneys by modulating intestinal microbiota and promoting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. However, its precise mechanism in OTA-induced kidney damage remained unclear. In this study, chickens were orally administered OTA and inulin for 2 weeks to investigate inulin's effects on OTA-induced kidney damage and underlying mechanisms. The alteration of intestinal microbiota, SCFAs contents, and SCFA receptors was further analyzed. Results demonstrated that inulin supplementation influenced intestinal microbiota, increased SCFAs production, and mitigated OTA-induced kidney damage in chickens. The importance of microbiota in mediating inulin's renal protection was further confirmed by antibiotic and fecal microbiota transplantation experiments. Additionally, inulin exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, alleviating NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pyroptosis. In summary, inulin protected chickens from OTA-induced kidney damage, which might provide a potential strategy to mitigate the harmful effects of mycotoxins through prebiotics and safeguard renal health.},
}

@article {pmid39135306,
year = {2024},
author = {Zuo, S and Huang, Y and Zou, J},
title = {The role of the gut microbiome in modulating immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer.},
journal = {IUBMB life},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/iub.2908},
pmid = {39135306},
issn = {1521-6551},
support = {2023AH051777//Key Project in Natural Science Research in Higher Education Institutions of Anhui Province/ ; WK2022ZF29//Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Wannan Medical College/ ; WHWJ2023z007//Key Research Project of Wuhu Municipal Health Commission/ ; DFJH2022018//Climbing Scientific Peak Project for Talents, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College/ ; },
abstract = {This systematic literature review and meta-analysis provide an overview of the critical role of gut microbiota in modulating the efficacy of immunotherapy for colorectal cancer. Gut microbes influence host immune responses through multiple mechanisms including modulation of immune cell activity, metabolite action, and immune tolerance. The ability of specific gut microbes to improve the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors has been linked to their ability to improve gut barrier function, modulate immune cell activity, and produce key immunomodulatory metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In addition, the composition and diversity of the gut microbiota are strongly associated with the efficacy of immunotherapies, demonstrating the potential to improve therapeutic response by modifying the gut microbiota. This paper also discusses the prospect of manipulating the gut microbiota through strategies such as fecal microbial transplantation, probiotic supplementation, and dietary modifications to optimize the efficacy of immunotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid39134825,
year = {2024},
author = {Ni, Y and Tong, Q and Xu, M and Gu, J and Ye, H},
title = {Gut Microbiota-Induced Modulation of the Central Nervous System Function in Parkinson's Disease Through the Gut-Brain Axis and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.},
journal = {Molecular neurobiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39134825},
issn = {1559-1182},
support = {Y20170064//Wenzhou Science and Technology Bureau Project/ ; },
abstract = {Recent insights into Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, suggest a significant influence of the gut microbiome on its pathogenesis and progression through the gut-brain axis. This study integrates 16S rRNA sequencing, high-throughput transcriptomic sequencing, and animal model experiments to explore the molecular mechanisms underpinning the role of gut-brain axis in PD, with a focus on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) mediated by the SCFA receptors FFAR2 and FFAR3. Our findings highlighted prominent differences in the gut microbiota composition between PD patients and healthy individuals, particularly in taxa such as Escherichia_Shigella and Bacteroidetes, which potentially impact SCFA levels through secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Notably, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from healthy to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mouse models significantly improved motor function, enhanced dopamine and serotonin levels in the striatum, and increased the number of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra while reducing glial cell activation. This therapeutic effect was associated with increased levels of SCFAs such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate in the gut of MPTP-lesioned mice. Moreover, transcriptomic analyses revealed upregulated expression of FFAR2 and FFAR3 in MPTP-lesioned mice, indicating their crucial role in mediating the benefits of FMT on the central nervous system. These results provide compelling evidence that gut microbiota and SCFAs play a critical role in modulating the gut-brain axis, offering new insights into PD's etiology and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.},
}

@article {pmid38019088,
year = {2024},
author = {Feuerstadt, P and Crawford, CV and Tan, X and Pokhilko, V and Bancke, L and Ng, S and Guthmueller, B and Bidell, MR and Tillotson, G and Johnson, S and Skinner, AM},
title = {Fecal Microbiota, Live-jslm for the Prevention of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection : Subgroup Analysis of PUNCH CD2 and PUNCH CD3.},
journal = {Journal of clinical gastroenterology},
volume = {58},
number = {8},
pages = {818-824},
pmid = {38019088},
issn = {1539-2031},
support = {IK2 BX005609/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Clostridium Infections/prevention & control/microbiology ; Double-Blind Method ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Adult ; *Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification ; Aged ; Feces/microbiology ; Recurrence ; Bayes Theorem ; Treatment Outcome ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Vancomycin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Secondary Prevention/methods ; },
abstract = {GOALS: To assess fecal microbiota, live-jslm (REBYOTA, abbreviated as RBL, formerly RBX2660) efficacy and safety in participants grouped by recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (rCDI) risk factors and treatment-related variables.

BACKGROUND: RBL is the first microbiota-based live biotherapeutic approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the prevention of rCDI in adults after antibiotic treatment for rCDI.

STUDY: Treatment success rates across subgroups for PUNCH CD3 (NCT03244644) were estimated using a Bayesian hierarchical model, borrowing data from PUNCH CD2 (NCT02299570). Treatment-emergent adverse events were summarized for the double-blind treatment period within 8 weeks.

RESULTS: Treatment differences between RBL and placebo at 8 weeks were similar to the total population for most subgroups. Treatment effect sizes were similar between CDI tests, higher for oral vancomycin courses >14 days versus ≤14 days and higher for antibiotic washout periods of 3 days versus ≤2 days. The largest reductions in the rate of rCDI with RBL versus placebo were observed for participants with a 3-day CDI antibiotic washout period and participants with ≥4 previous CDI episodes. Most RBL-treated participants experienced TEAEs that were mild or moderate in severity and related to preexisting conditions.

CONCLUSION: This analysis provides further evidence of RBL efficacy and safety across subgroups, including those at high risk for rCDI.},
}

Humans
*Clostridium Infections/prevention & control/microbiology
Double-Blind Method
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Male
Female
Middle Aged
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects
Adult
*Clostridioides difficile/isolation & purification
Aged
Feces/microbiology
Recurrence
Bayes Theorem
Treatment Outcome
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Vancomycin/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
Risk Factors
Secondary Prevention/methods

@article {pmid39130120,
year = {2023},
author = {Kahan, T and Chandan, S and Khan, SR and Deliwala, S and Chang, S and Axelrad, J and Shaukat, A},
title = {Safety and Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Chronic Pouchitis-A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Gastro hep advances},
volume = {2},
number = {6},
pages = {843-852},
pmid = {39130120},
issn = {2772-5723},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Pouchitis is the most common long-term complication after ileal-pouch anal anastomosis in patients with ulcerative colitis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) in chronic antibiotic dependent and refractory pouchitis.

METHODS: Multiple databases were searched through April 2022 for studies that reported the efficacy and safety of FMT in patients with chronic pouchitis. Meta-analysis using random effects model was performed to calculate pooled rates.

RESULTS: Eight studies with a total of 89 patients were included in our review, with 74 patients having received FMT and 15 patients having received placebo. The mean age ranged from 32.6 to 51.5 years. In patients that received FMT, the pooled rates of overall remission was (Pouchitis Disease Activity Index score < 7) 22% (95% CI, 9%-43%; I[2], 29%), clinical remission was 20% (95% CI, 6%-49%; I[2], 25%), clinical response rate was 42% (95% CI, 30%-54%; I[2], 7%), and the relapse rate 60% (95% CI, 40%-77%, I[2] 16%) over the mean follow up of 4.67 months (range 1-12 months). The pooled proportion of patients with adverse events was 54% (95% CI, 21%-84%; I[2], 73%). There were no serious adverse events or deaths.

CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic pouchitis, FMT is safe though there are mixed results in terms of its long-term efficacy. Future Randomized Controlled Trials with larger sample sizes and greater standardization in terms of preparation, delivery, and length of treatment of FMT are needed to determine efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid39131119,
year = {2022},
author = {Watts, AE and Sninsky, JA and Richey, MM and Donovan, K and Dougherty, MK and McGill, SK},
title = {Family Stool Donation Predicts Failure of Fecal Microbiota Transplant for Clostridioides difficile Infection.},
journal = {Gastro hep advances},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {141-146},
pmid = {39131119},
issn = {2772-5723},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) via colonoscopy is highly effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). We aimed to determine baseline patient characteristics that predict failure to respond to colonoscopy-based FMT.

METHODS: We evaluated adult patients who received FMT for CDI not responding to standard therapies at a single tertiary center between 2014 and 2018 in this retrospective cohort study. We defined clinical success as formed stool or C difficile-negative diarrhea at 2 months after FMT. If patients required a second FMT, follow-up was extended 2 months after repeat infusion. We performed multivariate logistic regression and a random forest model to identify variables predictive of response to FMT.

RESULTS: Clinical success was attained in 87.3% of 103 patients who underwent FMT for CDI. In the multivariate model, the odds of FMT failure for family donation compared with stool bank were odds ratio 4.13 (1.00-7.01 P = .049). Diarrhea while taking anti-CDI antibiotics was common (37.8% of patients) and did not predict failure (odds ratio 0.64, 0.19-2.11 P = .46) in the univariate model. A machine learning model to predict response using clinical factors only achieved a sensitivity of 70%, specificity of 77%, and negative predictive value of 96%.

CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy-based FMT was highly effective for CDI, even in a population where immunosuppression and proton pump inhibitor use were common. Family stool donation was associated with FMT failure, compared with the use of a stool bank. The study suggests that the use of a stool bank may not only improve access to FMT but also its efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid39128572,
year = {2024},
author = {Uzan-Yulzari, A and Turjeman, S and Moadi, L and Getselter, D and Rautava, S and Isolauri, E and Khatib, S and Elliott, E and Koren, O},
title = {A gut reaction? The role of the microbiome in aggression.},
journal = {Brain, behavior, and immunity},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.011},
pmid = {39128572},
issn = {1090-2139},
abstract = {Recent research has unveiled conflicting evidence regarding the link between aggression and the gut microbiome. Here, we compared behavior profiles of control, germ-free (GF) and antibiotic-treated mice, as well as re-colonized GF mice to understand the impact of gut microbiome on aggression using the resident-intruder paradigm. Our findings revealed a link between gut microbiome depletion and higher aggression, accompanied by notable changes in urine metabolite profiles and brain gene expression. Our study extends beyond classical murine models to humanized mice to reveal the clinical relevance of early-life antibiotic use on aggression. Fecal microbiome transplant from infants exposed to antibiotics in early life (and sampled one month later) into mice led to increased aggression compared to mice receiving transplants from unexposed infants. This study sheds light on the role of the gut microbiome in modulating aggression and highlights its potential avenues of action, offering insights for development of therapeutic strategies for aggression-related disorders.},
}

@article {pmid39126667,
year = {2024},
author = {Yang, L and Gao, Y and Gong, J and Su, Q and Guo, Z and Farag, MA and Xiao, J},
title = {Myricetin ameliorates prediabetes through gut microbiota-SCFAs-Gpr43 axis.},
journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2024.2386450},
pmid = {39126667},
issn = {1549-7852},
}

@article {pmid39126020,
year = {2024},
author = {Alexandrescu, L and Nicoara, AD and Tofolean, DE and Herlo, A and Nelson Twakor, A and Tocia, C and Trandafir, A and Dumitru, A and Dumitru, E and Aftenie, CF and Preotesoiu, I and Dina, E and Tofolean, IT},
title = {Healing from Within: How Gut Microbiota Predicts IBD Treatment Success-A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {25},
number = {15},
pages = {},
pmid = {39126020},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/therapy ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Treatment Outcome ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; },
abstract = {Recent research indicates that the microbiome has a significant impact on the progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and that creating therapies that change its composition could positively impact the outcomes of IBD treatment. This review summarizes the results of extensive studies that examined IBD patients undergoing several therapies, including anti-TNF medication, vedolizumab, ustekinumab, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and the alterations in their gut microbiota's composition and function. The objective was to investigate the variety and effectiveness of microbial species in order to discover new biomarkers or therapeutic targets that could improve the outcome of treatment for these patients. This research aimed to offer useful insights into personalized medicine techniques for managing IBD. Beneficial bacteria such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Roseburia have been consistently linked to favorable clinical outcomes, whereas pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Clostridioides difficile are associated with worsening disease conditions. Although many studies have examined the role of gut microbiota in IBD, there is still a need for more targeted research on the connection between specific microbial communities and treatment outcomes. This study sought to address this gap by exploring the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota composition and the effectiveness of IBD medications.},
}

Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/therapy
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Treatment Outcome
Probiotics/therapeutic use
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

@article {pmid39122767,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, B and Magnaye, KM and Stryker, E and Moltzau-Anderson, J and Porsche, CE and Hertz, S and McCauley, KE and Smith, BJ and Zydek, M and Pollard, KS and Ma, A and El-Nachef, N and Lynch, SV},
title = {Sustained mucosal colonization and fecal metabolic dysfunction by Bacteroides associates with fecal microbial transplant failure in ulcerative colitis patients.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {18558},
pmid = {39122767},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {T32 DK007007/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; K12 GM081266-11/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; 1563159//National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology/therapy/metabolism ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Male ; Female ; *Feces/microbiology ; *Bacteroides/genetics ; Adult ; *Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Treatment Failure ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) offers promise for treating ulcerative colitis (UC), though the mechanisms underlying treatment failure are unknown. This study harnessed longitudinally collected colonic biopsies (n = 38) and fecal samples (n = 179) from 19 adults with mild-to-moderate UC undergoing serial FMT in which antimicrobial pre-treatment and delivery mode (capsules versus enema) were assessed for clinical response (≥ 3 points decrease from the pre-treatment Mayo score). Colonic biopsies underwent dual RNA-Seq; fecal samples underwent parallel 16S rRNA and shotgun metagenomic sequencing as well as untargeted metabolomic analyses. Pre-FMT, the colonic mucosa of non-responsive (NR) patients harbored an increased burden of bacteria, including Bacteroides, that expressed more antimicrobial resistance genes compared to responsive (R) patients. NR patients also exhibited muted mucosal expression of innate immune antimicrobial response genes. Post-FMT, NR and R fecal microbiomes and metabolomes exhibited significant divergence. NR metabolomes had elevated concentrations of immunostimulatory compounds including sphingomyelins, lysophospholipids and taurine. NR fecal microbiomes were enriched for Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides salyersiae strains that encoded genes capable of taurine production. These findings suggest that both effective mucosal microbial clearance and reintroduction of bacteria that reshape luminal metabolism associate with FMT success and that persistent mucosal and fecal colonization by antimicrobial-resistant Bacteroides species may contribute to FMT failure.},
}

Humans
*Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology/therapy/metabolism
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Male
Female
*Feces/microbiology
*Bacteroides/genetics
Adult
*Intestinal Mucosa/microbiology/metabolism
Middle Aged
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Treatment Failure
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
Metabolome

@article {pmid39121607,
year = {2024},
author = {Qiu, L and Yan, C and Yang, Y and Liu, K and Yin, Y and Zhang, Y and Lei, Y and Jia, X and Li, G},
title = {Morin alleviates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice via inhibition of inflammation and modulation of intestinal microbiota.},
journal = {International immunopharmacology},
volume = {140},
number = {},
pages = {112846},
doi = {10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112846},
pmid = {39121607},
issn = {1878-1705},
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition with recurrent and challenging symptoms. Effective treatments are lacking, making UC management a critical research area. Morin (MO), a flavonoid from the Moraceae family, shows potential as an anti-UC agent, but its mechanisms are not fully understood. Using a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model, we employed network pharmacology to predict MO's therapeutic effects. Assessments included changes in body weight, disease activity index (DAI), and colon length. Immunofluorescence, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and PAS staining evaluated colon damage. ELISA and western blot analyzed inflammatory factors, tight junction (TJ)-associated proteins (Claudin-3, Occludin, ZO-1), and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)/ Nuclear Factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. 16S rRNA sequencing assessed gut microbiota diversity, confirmed by MO's modulation via Fecal Microbial Transplantation (FMT). Early MO intervention reduced UC severity by improving weight, DAI scores, and colon length, increasing goblet cells, enhancing barrier function, and inhibiting MAPK/NF-κB pathways. MO enriched gut microbiota, favoring beneficial bacteria like Muribaculaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae while reducing harmful Erysipelotrichaceae and Muribaculaceae. This study highlights MO's potential in UC management through inflammation control, mucosal integrity maintenance, and gut flora modulation.},
}

@article {pmid39118149,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, DH and Li, ZW and Sun, Q and Wang, L and Ning, SB},
title = {Lower fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates ulcerative colitis by eliminating oral-derived Fusobacterium nucleatum and virulence factor.},
journal = {Gut pathogens},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {42},
pmid = {39118149},
issn = {1757-4749},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recently, the oral oncobacterium Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum), has been linked with ulcerative colitis (UC). Here, we aim to investigate whether Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) can alleviate UC by restoring gut microbiota and eliminating oral-derived F. nucleatum and virulence factor fadA.

METHOD: C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a healthy control group (HC), Dextran Sulfate Sodium group (DSS), oral inoculation group (OR), upper FMT group (UFMT), and lower FMT group (LFMT). Disease activity index, body weight, survival rate, and histopathological scores were used to measure the severity of colitis. The function of the intestinal mucosal barrier was evaluated by performing immunohistochemical staining of the tight junction protein Occludin. Real-time PCR was used to assess the relative abundance of the nusG gene and the virulence gene fadA. Cytokine levels were detected by ELISA. Full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA was used to analyze the changes and composition of gut microbiota.

FINDINGS: Oral incubation of F. nucleatum further exacerbated the severity of colitis and gut dysbiosis. Peptostreptococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Escherichia coli were significantly enriched in OR mice. However, LFMT mice showed an obvious decrease in disease activity and were more effective in restoring gut microbiota and eliminating F. nucleatum than UFMT mice. Bacteroidota, Lachnospiraceae, and Prevotellaceae were mainly enriched bacteria in LFMT mice. In addition, Genera such as Lactobacillus, Allobaculum, and Bacteroidales were found negative correlation with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Genera like Romboutsia, Escherichia Shigella, Enterococcus, and Clostridium were found positively correlated with TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

CONCLUSIONS: Oral incubation of F. nucleatum further exacerbates the severity and dysbiosis in DSS-induced colitis mice. Besides, lower tract FMT can ameliorate colitis by restoring the gut microbiota diversity and eliminating F. nucleatum and virulence factor fadA.},
}

@article {pmid39117173,
year = {2024},
author = {Bell, J and Raidal, S and Peters, A and Hughes, KJ},
title = {Storage of equine faecal microbiota transplantation solution has minimal impact on major bacterial communities and structure.},
journal = {Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {106220},
doi = {10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106220},
pmid = {39117173},
issn = {1532-2971},
abstract = {Management of diarrhoea in horses is usually non-specific and supportive. Faecal microbiota transplantations (FMT) are used to manage dysbiosis in horses with diarrhoea. There are few studies investigating the effects of storage on prepared FMT solutions. This study was an in vitro non-randomised controlled experiment that investigated the effects of FMT solution preparation and storage on the faecal microbiota. Fresh faeces were collected from five healthy adult horses and used for DNA extraction and preparation of FMT. From each FMT, seven aliquots were collected and DNA was extracted immediately after FMT preparation (0hr), after storage at 4[o]C for 24, 48 or 72hours, and after storage at -20°C for 7 days, 14 days or 28 days. The extracted DNA was used for 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The relative abundance, alpha diversity and beta diversity between fresh faeces and FMT 0hr showed no differences (P ≥ 0.05). There were minimal changes in the microbiota of FMT stored at 4°C for up to 72hours and -20°C for up to 28 days. The results of this study indicate that preparation of equine FMT solution has minimal effect on the microbiota in comparison to fresh faeces. FMT solution can be stored at 4°C for up to 3 days and -20°C for 28 days without major change in microbiota.},
}

@article {pmid39113144,
year = {2024},
author = {Han, L and Sun, X and Kong, J and Li, J and Feng, K and Bai, Y and Wang, X and Zhu, Z and Yang, F and Chen, Q and Zhang, M and Yue, B and Wang, X and Fu, L and Chen, Y and Yang, Q and Wang, S and Xin, Q and Sun, N and Zhang, D and Zhou, Y and Gao, Y and Zhao, J and Jiang, Y and Guo, R},
title = {Multi-omics analysis reveals a feedback loop amplifying immune responses in acute graft-versus-host disease due to imbalanced gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {746},
pmid = {39113144},
issn = {1479-5876},
support = {82100240//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Humans ; *Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology ; Female ; Male ; *Feces/microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Feedback, Physiological ; Immunity ; Metabolomics ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Multiomics ; },
abstract = {Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is primarily driven by allogeneic donor T cells associated with an altered composition of the host gut microbiome and its metabolites. The severity of aGVHD after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is not solely determined by the host and donor characteristics; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we decoded the immune cell atlas of 12 patients who underwent allo-HSCT: six with aGVHD and six with non-aGVHD. We performed a fecal microbiota (16SrRNA sequencing) analysis to investigate the fecal bacterial composition of 82 patients: 30 with aGVHD and 52 with non-aGVHD. Fecal samples from these patients were analyzed for bile acid metabolism. Through multi-omic analysis, we identified a feedback loop involving "immune cell-gut microbes-bile acid metabolites" contributing to heightened immune responses in patients with aGVHD. The dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and disruption of bile acid metabolism contributed to an exaggerated interleukin-1 mediated immune response. Our findings suggest that resistin and defensins are crucial in mitigating against aGVHD. Therefore, a comprehensive multi-omic atlas incorporating immune cells, gut microbes, and bile acid metabolites was developed in this study and used to propose novel, non-immunosuppressive approaches to prevent aGVHD.},
}

*Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
Humans
*Graft vs Host Disease/immunology/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology
Female
Male
*Feces/microbiology
Middle Aged
Acute Disease
Adult
Feedback, Physiological
Immunity
Metabolomics
Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Multiomics

@article {pmid39113097,
year = {2024},
author = {Gray, SM and Moss, AD and Herzog, JW and Kashiwagi, S and Liu, B and Young, JB and Sun, S and Bhatt, AP and Fodor, AA and Balfour Sartor, R},
title = {Mouse adaptation of human inflammatory bowel diseases microbiota enhances colonization efficiency and alters microbiome aggressiveness depending on the recipient colonic inflammatory environment.},
journal = {Microbiome},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {147},
pmid = {39113097},
issn = {2049-2618},
support = {T32 DK007737/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; T32DK007737//NIH/NIDDK/ ; NSF Cooperative Agreement No. EEC-2133504//The Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; *Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Dysbiosis/microbiology ; *Interleukin-10/genetics ; Colitis/microbiology ; Feces/microbiology ; Colon/microbiology ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Female ; Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification ; Inflammation ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Understanding the cause vs consequence relationship of gut inflammation and microbial dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) requires a reproducible mouse model of human-microbiota-driven experimental colitis.

RESULTS: Our study demonstrated that human fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) transfer efficiency is an underappreciated source of experimental variability in human microbiota-associated (HMA) mice. Pooled human IBD patient fecal microbiota engrafted germ-free (GF) mice with low amplicon sequence variant (ASV)-level transfer efficiency, resulting in high recipient-to-recipient variation of microbiota composition and colitis severity in HMA Il-10[-/-] mice. In contrast, mouse-to-mouse transfer of mouse-adapted human IBD patient microbiota transferred with high efficiency and low compositional variability resulting in highly consistent and reproducible colitis phenotypes in recipient Il-10[-/-] mice. Engraftment of human-to-mouse FMT stochastically varied with individual transplantation events more than mouse-adapted FMT. Human-to-mouse FMT caused a population bottleneck with reassembly of microbiota composition that was host inflammatory environment specific. Mouse-adaptation in the inflamed Il-10[-/-] host reassembled a more aggressive microbiota that induced more severe colitis in serial transplant to Il-10[-/-] mice than the distinct microbiota reassembled in non-inflamed WT hosts.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support a model of IBD pathogenesis in which host inflammation promotes aggressive resident bacteria, which further drives a feed-forward process of dysbiosis exacerbated by gut inflammation. This model implies that effective management of IBD requires treating both the dysregulated host immune response and aggressive inflammation-driven microbiota. We propose that our mouse-adapted human microbiota model is an optimized, reproducible, and rigorous system to study human microbiome-driven disease phenotypes, which may be generalized to mouse models of other human microbiota-modulated diseases, including metabolic syndrome/obesity, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Video Abstract.},
}

Animals
Humans
Mice
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology
*Disease Models, Animal
*Dysbiosis/microbiology
*Interleukin-10/genetics
Colitis/microbiology
Feces/microbiology
Colon/microbiology
Mice, Knockout
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Female
Bacteria/classification/genetics/isolation & purification
Inflammation
Male

@article {pmid39111080,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhu, J and Li, B and Fang, W and Zhou, X and Li, D and Jin, J and Li, W and Su, Y and Yuan, R and Ye, JM and Wu, R},
title = {Oral matrine alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis via preserved HSP72 from modulated gut microbiota.},
journal = {Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie},
volume = {178},
number = {},
pages = {117262},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117262},
pmid = {39111080},
issn = {1950-6007},
abstract = {Hepatic fibrosis is intricately associated with dysregulation of gut microbiota and host metabolomes. Our previous studies have demonstrated that matrine can effectively reduce hepatosteatosis and associated disorders. However, it is poorly understood whether the gut microbiota involved in the attenuation of liver fibrosis by matrine. Herein we explored a novel mechanism of how oral administration of matrine alleviates liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota. Administration of matrine not only potently ameliorated liver fibrosis in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice, but also significantly preserved hepatic heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) in vivo and in vitro. Matrine was failed to reduce liver fibrosis when HSP72 upregulation was blocked by the HSP72 antagonist VER-155008. Also, consumption of matrine significantly alleviated gut dysbiosis and fecal metabonomic changes in CCl4-treated mice. Transplanted the faces of matrine-treated mice induced a remarkable upregulation of HSP72 and remission of fibrosis in liver in CCl4-exposed mice and inhibition of TGF-β1-induced inflammatory response and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in AML-12 cells. Furthermore, deficiency of HSP72 partly reversed the intestinal microbial composition that prevented matrine from reducing CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice. This study reveals the "gut microbiota-hepatic HSP72" axis as a key mechanism of matrine in reducing liver fibrosis and suggest that this axis may be targeted for developing other new therapies for liver fibrosis.},
}

@article {pmid39110590,
year = {2024},
author = {He, Y and Zhao, C and Su, N and Yang, W and Yang, H and Yuan, C and Zhang, N and Hu, X and Fu, Y},
title = {Disturbances of the gut microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolites as key actors in vagotomy-induced mastitis in mice.},
journal = {Cell reports},
volume = {43},
number = {8},
pages = {114585},
doi = {10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114585},
pmid = {39110590},
issn = {2211-1247},
abstract = {Previous studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes the development of mastitis. The interaction of the vagus nerve and gut microbiota endows host homeostasis and regulates disease development, but whether the vagus nerve participates in the pathogenesis of mastitis is unclear. Here, vagotomized mice exhibit disruption of the blood-milk barrier and mammary gland inflammation. Notably, mastitis and barrier damage caused by vagotomy are dependent on the gut microbiota, as evidenced by antibiotic treatment and fecal microbiota transplantation. Vagotomy significantly alters the gut microbial composition and tryptophan metabolism and reduces the 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) level. Supplementation with 5-HIAA alleviates vagotomy-induced mastitis, which is associated with the activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and subsequent inhibition of the NF-κB pathway. Collectively, our findings indicate the important role of the vagus-mediated gut-mammary axis in the pathogenesis of mastitis and imply a potential strategy for the treatment of mastitis by targeting the vagus-gut microbiota interaction.},
}

@article {pmid39109266,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, Q and Liu, Y and Zhang, Z and Zhang, S and Ding, X and Zhang, F},
title = {Washed Microbiota Transplantation Improves the Sleep Quality in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.},
journal = {Nature and science of sleep},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1141-1152},
pmid = {39109266},
issn = {1179-1608},
abstract = {PURPOSE: There is scarce evidence to support the effectiveness of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in improving sleep among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) (the new method of FMT) on the sleep of patients with IBD in short term.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This prospective study was conducted as part of two interventional clinical trials (starting on February 2013 and expected to end on December 2025) and placed significant emphasis on evaluating sleep quality in patients with IBD. To measure subjective sleep, we used the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). The primary endpoint was the PSQI score one month after WMT.

RESULTS: This stage study included 52 eligible patients evaluated by PSQI questionnaire who underwent WMT from January 2020 to March 2021 and 47 patients were enrolled for analysis. The age of the patients ranged from 13 to 60 years, with a mean of 33.4 years, and 57.4% (25/47) of the patients were male. The PSQI scores for all 47 patients one month after undergoing WMT were significantly lower (Cohen d = 0.59, p < 0.001) compared to the baseline. Moreover, baseline PSQI score was correlated with the difference value of the PSQI score before and after WMT (post-PSQI minus pre-PSQI) (r = 0.61, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The study suggests that WMT might be a helpful intervention for improving the sleep quality of patients with IBD, encouraging clinicians to consider its use in clinical practice for addressing poor sleep in IBD patients.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT01793831, NCT01790061.},
}

@article {pmid39109116,
year = {2024},
author = {Khalil, Z and Maher, S},
title = {The Impact of Microbiome Dysbiosis on Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Outcomes: A Review Article.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {7},
pages = {e63995},
pmid = {39109116},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Microbiome dysbiosis has emerged as a critical factor influencing the outcomes of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). This comprehensive review delves into the intricate relationship between microbiome composition and HSCT outcomes, highlighting the mechanisms through which dysbiosis impacts engraftment, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), infection rates, and overall survival. The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, both of which are crucial for the success of HSCT. This review aims to elucidate the underlying pathways and potential therapeutic strategies to mitigate adverse outcomes associated with microbiome imbalances in HSCT patients. Integrating microbiome modulation strategies such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotic stewardship into clinical practice can significantly improve patient outcomes and quality of life post-transplantation.},
}

@article {pmid39107366,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, YJ and Bousvaros, A and Docktor, M and Kaplan, AL and Rufo, PA and Leier, M and Weatherly, M and Zimmerman, L and Nguyen, LTT and Barton, B and Russell, G and Alm, EJ and Kahn, SA},
title = {Higher alpha diversity and Lactobacillus blooms are associated with better engraftment after fecal microbiota transplant in inflammatory bowel disease.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {18188},
pmid = {39107366},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {K12 HD052896/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; 5K12HD052896//National Institute of Child Health and Human Development/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods ; Adult ; Adolescent ; Female ; Male ; Young Adult ; *Lactobacillus ; Double-Blind Method ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy/microbiology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Pilot Projects ; Feces/microbiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Crohn Disease/therapy/microbiology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) has shown some success in treating inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). There is emerging evidence that host engraftment of donor taxa is a tenet of successful FMT. We undertook a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled pilot study to characterize the response to FMT in children and young adults with mild to moderate active Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Subjects with CD or UC were randomized to receive antibiotics and weekly FMT or placebo in addition to baseline medications. We enrolled 15 subjects aged 14-29 years. Four subjects had CD, and 11 had UC. Subjects exhibited a wide range of microbial diversity and donor engraftment. Specifically, engraftment ranged from 26 to 90% at week 2 and 3-92% at 2 months. Consistent with the current literature, increases over time of both alpha diversity (p < 0.05) and donor engraftment (p < 0.05) correlated with improved clinical response. We discovered that the post-antibiotic but pre-FMT time point was rich in microbial correlates of eventual engraftment. Greater residual alpha diversity after antibiotic treatment was positively correlated with engraftment and subsequent clinical response. Interestingly, a transient rise in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus was also positively correlated with engraftment, a finding that we recapitulated with our analysis of another FMT trial.},
}

Humans
*Fecal Microbiota Transplantation/methods
Adult
Adolescent
Female
Male
Young Adult
*Lactobacillus
Double-Blind Method
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy/microbiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Pilot Projects
Feces/microbiology
Treatment Outcome
Crohn Disease/therapy/microbiology
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Colitis, Ulcerative/therapy/microbiology

@article {pmid39106569,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, Y and Zeng, Q and Luo, Y and Song, M and He, X and Sheng, H and Gao, X and Zhu, Z and Sun, J and Cao, C},
title = {Polystyrene microplastics aggravate radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {283},
number = {},
pages = {116834},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116834},
pmid = {39106569},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Radiotherapy is a common treatment for abdominal and pelvic tumors, while the radiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) is one of the major side-effects of radiotherapy, which reduces the life quality and impedes the treatment completion of cancer patients. Previous studies have demonstrated that environmental pollutant microplastics led to various kinds of injury in the gut, but its effects on RIII are still uncovered. In this study, we fed the C57BL/6J mice with distilled water or 50 μg/d polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) for 17 days and exposed the mice to total abdominal irradiation (TAI) at day 14. Then the severity of RIII was examined by performing histopathological analysis and microbial community analysis. The results demonstrated that PSMPs significantly aggravated RIII in small intestine rather than colon of mice upon TAI. PSMPs increased levels of the histopathological damage and the microbial community disturbance in mice small intestine, shown by the overabundance of Akkermansiaceae and the decrease of microflora including Lactobacillaceae, Muribaculaceae and Bifidobacteriaceae. In conclusion, our results suggested that more microplastics exposure might led to more severe RIII, which should be considered in patients' daily diet adjustment and clinical radiotherapy plan evaluation. Furthermore, this study also called for the further researches to uncover the underlying mechanism and develop novel strategies to attenuate RIII in mice intestine.},
}

@article {pmid39105259,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, H and Yu, Y and Hu, X and Du, B and Shao, Y and Wang, F and Chen, L and Yan, R and Li, L and Lv, L},
title = {The fecal microbiota of patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) causes PBC-like liver lesions in mice and exacerbates liver damage in a mouse model of PBC.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2383353},
pmid = {39105259},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mice ; *Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/microbiology/pathology/metabolism ; *Disease Models, Animal ; *Liver/pathology/metabolism/microbiology ; *Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/genetics ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Male ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism ; Transcriptome ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; },
abstract = {The role of the gut microbiota in the occurrence and progression of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is not fully understood. First, the fecal microbiota of patients with PBC (n = 4) (PBC-FMT) or healthy individuals (n = 3) (HC-FMT) was transplanted into pseudo germ-free mice or 2OA-BSA-induced PBC models. The functions, histology and transcriptome of the liver, and microbiota and metabolome of the feces were analyzed. Second, the liver transcriptomes of PBC patients (n = 7) and normal individuals (n = 7) were analyzed. Third, the liver transcriptomes of patients with other liver diseases were collected from online databases and compared with our human and mouse data. Our results showed that PBC-FMT increased the serum ALP concentration, total bile acid content, liver injury and number of disease-related pathways enriched with upregulated liver genes in pseudo germ-free mice and increased the serum glycylproline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase level and liver damage in a 2OA-BSA-induced PBC model. The gut microbiota and metabolome differed between PBC-FMT and HC-FMT mice and reflected those of their donors. PBC-FMT tended to upregulate hepatic immune and signal transduction pathways but downregulate metabolic pathways, as in some PBC patients. The hematopoietic cell lineage, Toll-like receptor, and PPAR signaling pathway were not affected in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, HBV, HCV, HCV cirrhosis, or NASH, indicating their potential roles in the gut microbiota affecting PBC. In conclusion, the altered gut microbiota of PBC patients plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of PBC. The improvement of the gut microbiota is worthy of in-depth research and promotion as a critical aspect of PBC prevention and treatment.},
}

Animals
Humans
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Mice
*Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary/microbiology/pathology/metabolism
*Disease Models, Animal
*Liver/pathology/metabolism/microbiology
*Feces/microbiology
Female
Bacteria/classification/isolation & purification/genetics
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Male
Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
Transcriptome
Mice, Inbred C57BL

@article {pmid39105129,
year = {2024},
author = {Aslam, R and Herrles, L and Aoun, R and Pioskowik, A and Pietrzyk, A},
title = {Link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and childhood asthma: Insights from a systematic review.},
journal = {The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global},
volume = {3},
number = {3},
pages = {100289},
pmid = {39105129},
issn = {2772-8293},
abstract = {Asthma, a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, is a prevalent childhood chronic disease with a substantial global health burden. The complex etiology and pathogenesis of asthma involve genetic and environmental factors, posing challenges in diagnosis, severity prediction, and therapeutic strategies. Recent studies have highlighted the significant role of the gut microbiota and its interaction with the immune system in the development of asthma. Dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial composition, has been associated with respiratory diseases through the gut-lung axis. This axis is an interaction between the gut and lungs, allowing microbial metabolites to influence the host immune system. This systematic review examines the association between gut microbiota composition, measured using 16S rRNA sequencing, during infancy and childhood, and the subsequent development of atopic wheeze and asthma. The results suggest that higher alpha diversity of bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Faecalibacterium, and Roseburia may have protective effects against asthmatic outcomes. Conversely, lower relative abundances of bacteria like Bacteroides and certain fungi, including Malassezia, were associated with asthma. These findings highlight the potential of early screening and risk assessment of gut microbiota to identify individuals at risk of asthma. Furthermore, investigations targeting gut microbiota, such as dietary modifications and probiotic supplementation, may hold promise for asthma prevention and management. Future research should focus on identifying specific microbial signatures associated with asthma susceptibility and further investigate approaches like fecal microbiota transplantation. Understanding the role of gut microbiota in asthma pathogenesis can contribute to early detection and development of interventions to mitigate the risk of asthmatic pathogenesis in childhood.},
}

@article {pmid39104728,
year = {2024},
author = {Webster, CI and Withycombe, JS and Bhutada, JS and Bai, J},
title = {Review of the microbiome and metabolic pathways associated with psychoneurological symptoms in children with cancer.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {100535},
pmid = {39104728},
issn = {2347-5625},
abstract = {Children with cancer often endure a range of psychoneurological symptoms (PNS), including pain, fatigue, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Despite their prevalence, the underlying pathophysiology of PNS remains unclear. Hypotheses suggest an interplay between the gut microbiome and the functional metabolome, given the immune, neurological, and inflammatory influences these processes exert. This mini-review aims to provide a synopsis of the literature that examines the relationship between microbiome-metabolome pathways and PNS in children with cancer, drawing insights from the adult population when applicable. While there is limited microbiome research in the pediatric population, promising results in adult cancer patients include an association between lower microbial diversity and compositional changes, including decreased abundance of the beneficial microbes Fusicatenibacter, Ruminococcus, and Odoribacter, and more PNS. In pediatric patients, associations between peptide, tryptophan, carnitine shuttle, and gut microbial metabolism pathways and PNS outcomes were found. Utilizing multi-omics methods that combine microbiome and metabolome analyses provide insights into the functional capacity of microbiomes and their associated microbial metabolites. In children with cancer receiving chemotherapy, increased abundances of Intestinibacter and Megasphaera correlated with six metabolic pathways, notably carnitine shuttle and tryptophan metabolism. Interventions that target the underlying microbiome-metabolome pathway may be effective in reducing PNS, including the use of pre- and probiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, dietary modifications, and increased physical activity. Future multi-omics research is needed to corroborate the associations between the microbiome, metabolome, and PNS outcomes in the pediatric oncology population.},
}

@article {pmid39104406,
year = {2024},
author = {Adamberg, S and Rasmussen, TS and Larsen, SB and Mao, X and Nielsen, DS and Adamberg, K},
title = {Reproducible chemostat cultures to minimize eukaryotic viruses from fecal transplant material.},
journal = {iScience},
volume = {27},
number = {8},
pages = {110460},
pmid = {39104406},
issn = {2589-0042},
abstract = {Recent studies indicate an important role of bacteriophages for successful fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). However, wider clinical applications of FMT are hampered by to donor variability and concerns of infection risks by bacteria and human viruses. To overcome these challenges, mouse cecal and human fecal material were propagated in a chemostat fermentation setup supporting multiplication of bacteria, and phages, while propagation of eukaryotic viruses will be prevented in the absence of eukaryotic host cells. The results showed decrease of the median relative abundance of viral contigs of classified eukaryotic viruses below 0.01%. The corresponding virome profiles showed dilution rate dependency, a reproducibility between biological replicates, and maintained high diversity regarding both the human and mouse inocula. This proof-of-concept cultivation approach may constitute the first step of developing novel therapeutic tools with high reproducibility and with low risk of infection from the donor material to target gut-related diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39097746,
year = {2024},
author = {Mo, C and Lou, X and Xue, J and Shi, Z and Zhao, Y and Wang, F and Chen, G},
title = {The influence of Akkermansia muciniphila on intestinal barrier function.},
journal = {Gut pathogens},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {41},
pmid = {39097746},
issn = {1757-4749},
support = {82160366//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2021LCZXXFHX03//Yunnan Clinical Medical Center Open Project/ ; 202205AC160060//Yunnan Young and Middle-aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talent Project/ ; 2022YNKQ004//Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology Open Project/ ; },
abstract = {Intestinal barriers play a crucial role in human physiology, both in homeostatic and pathological conditions. Disruption of the intestinal barrier is a significant factor in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease. The profound influence of the gut microbiota on intestinal diseases has sparked considerable interest in manipulating it through dietary interventions, probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential approaches to enhance the integrity of the intestinal barrier. Numerous studies have underscored the protective effects of specific microbiota and their associated metabolites. In recent years, an increasing body of research has demonstrated that Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila, Am) plays a beneficial role in various diseases, including diabetes, obesity, aging, cancer, and metabolic syndrome. It is gaining popularity as a regulator that influences the intestinal flora and intestinal barrier and is recognized as a 'new generation of probiotics'. Consequently, it may represent a potential target and promising therapy option for intestinal diseases. This article systematically summarizes the role of Am in the gut. Specifically, we carefully discuss key scientific issues that need resolution in the future regarding beneficial bacteria represented by Am, which may provide insights for the application of drugs targeting Am in clinical treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39096912,
year = {2024},
author = {Feng, Y and Zheng, H and Yin, C and Liang, D and Zhang, S and Chen, J and Mai, F and Lan, Z and Zhu, M and Mai, Z and Shen, S and Jayawardana, T and Wu, R and Tang, W and Zhang, R and He, X and Zheng, S and Hu, Q and Han, Y and Yang, Y and Gong, S and Wang, Z and El-Omar, EM and Luo, W and Chen, X and Chen, G and Li, P and Chen, X},
title = {β-resorcylic acid released by Limosilactobacillusreuteri protects against cisplatin-induced ovarian toxicity and infertility.},
journal = {Cell reports. Medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101678},
doi = {10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101678},
pmid = {39096912},
issn = {2666-3791},
abstract = {Chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency (CIPOI) triggers gonadotoxicity in women undergoing cancer treatment, leading to loss of ovarian reserves and subfertility, with no effective therapies available. In our study, fecal microbiota transplantation in a cisplatin-induced POI mouse model reveals that a dysbiotic gut microbiome negatively impacts ovarian health in CIPOI. Multi-omics analyses show a significant decrease in Limosilactobacillus reuteri and its catabolite, β-resorcylic acid , in the CIPOI group in comparison to healthy controls. Supplementation with L. reuteri or β-RA mitigates cisplatin-induced hormonal disruptions, morphological damages, and reductions in follicular reserve. Most importantly, β-RA pre-treatment effectively preserves oocyte function, embryonic development, and fetus health, thereby protecting against chemotherapy-induced subfertility. Our results provide evidence that β-RA suppresses the nuclear accumulation of sex-determining region Y-box 7, which in turn reduces Bcl-2-associated X activation and inhibits granulosa cell apoptosis. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the gut-ovary axis for fertility preservation in CIPOI.},
}

@article {pmid39095306,
year = {2024},
author = {Zugman, M and Wong, M and Jaime-Casas, S and Pal, SK},
title = {The gut microbiome and dietary metabolites in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.},
journal = {Urologic oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.urolonc.2024.07.003},
pmid = {39095306},
issn = {1873-2496},
abstract = {The gut microbiome is interlinked with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its response to systemic treatment. Mounting data suggests that certain elements of the gut microbiome may correlate with improved outcomes. New generation sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatic data curation are accelerating the investigation of specific markers and metabolites that could predict treatment response. A variety of new therapeutic strategies, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, probiotic supplements, and dietary interventions, are currently being developed to modify the gut microbiome and improve anticancer therapies in patients with RCC. This review discusses the preliminary evidence indicating the role of the microbiome in cancer treatment, the techniques and tools necessary for its proper study and some of the current forms with which the microbiome can be modulated to improve patient outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid39094622,
year = {2024},
author = {Reisinger, A and Stübing, H and Suchodolski, JS and Pilla, R and Unterer, S and Busch, K},
title = {Comparing treatment effects on dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome: fecal microbiota transplantation, symptomatic therapy, or antibiotic treatment.},
journal = {Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.2460/javma.24.03.0153},
pmid = {39094622},
issn = {1943-569X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS) present with similar clinical signs and histopathological findings as dogs with parvovirosis, in which fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has led to a significantly faster resolution of diarrhea and shorter hospitalization times. We investigated whether FMT results in faster clinical improvement and normalization of the intestinal microbiome compared to standard treatment.

ANIMALS: 32 client-owned dogs with AHDS.

METHODS: A prospective, double-anonymized clinical trial included 3 groups: symptomatic treatment (n = 12), FMT treatment (FMTT; 12), and antibiotic treatment (AT; 8). Clinical improvement was determined on the basis of AHDS index, changes in the microbiome based on the dysbiosis index, and PCR results for clostridial strains.

RESULTS: Overall, no significant differences in clinical scores between the treatment groups over time were detected except on day 2 (higher AHDS index in the AT group compared to FMTT group; P = .046). The dysbiosis index increased and P hiranonis decreased on day 1 in some dogs, but these changes were transient in the symptomatic treatment and FMTT groups. In the AT group, the dysbiosis index was persistently elevated and 4 of 8 dogs showed a reduced abundance of P hiranonis on day 42. In 67% of the dogs on day 1, NetF-encoding Clostridium perfringens was detected and enterotoxin-encoding strains increased, but these changes were transient in all dogs, regardless of therapy.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Overall, in dogs with AHDS, neither FMT nor AT resulted in faster clinical improvement. In addition, C perfringens strains are self-limiting and do not require antibiotic therapy.},
}

@article {pmid39087354,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, H and Fu, L and Leiliang, X and Qu, C and Wu, W and Wen, R and Huang, N and He, Q and Cheng, Q and Liu, G and Cheng, Y},
title = {Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response.},
journal = {Cancer communications (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/cac2.12597},
pmid = {39087354},
issn = {2523-3548},
support = {82372943//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82303610//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2022JJ20095//Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2023RC3074//Hunan Youth Science and Technology Talent Project/ ; 2023MD734131//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; CSTB2023NSCQBHX0002//Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; //Kuanren Talents Program of the second affiliated hospital of Chongqing Medical University/ ; 2023CQBSHTB3095//Chongqing Postdoctoral Research Special Funding Project/ ; },
abstract = {The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β-catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti-tumor immunity, pro-tumor immunity, and microbial-derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.},
}

@article {pmid38900442,
year = {2024},
author = {Yazici, C and Priyadarshini, M and Boulay, B and Dai, Y and Layden, BT},
title = {Alterations in microbiome associated with acute pancreatitis.},
journal = {Current opinion in gastroenterology},
volume = {40},
number = {5},
pages = {413-421},
pmid = {38900442},
issn = {1531-7056},
support = {I01 BX003382/BX/BLRD VA/United States ; U01 DK127378/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Pancreatitis/microbiology ; *Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology ; Severity of Illness Index ; Dysbiosis/microbiology/complications/immunology ; Acute Disease ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review evaluates the current knowledge of gut microbiome alterations in acute pancreatitis, including those that can increase acute pancreatitis risk or worsen disease severity, and the mechanisms of gut microbiome driven injury in acute pancreatitis.

RECENT FINDINGS: Recent observational studies in humans showed the association of gut microbiome changes (decreased gut microbiome diversity, alterations in relative abundances of certain species, and association of unique species with functional pathways) with acute pancreatitis risk and severity. Furthermore, in-vivo studies highlighted the role of gut microbiome in the development and severity of acute pancreatitis using FMT models. The gut barrier integrity, immune cell homeostasis, and microbial metabolites appear to play key roles in acute pancreatitis risk and severity.

SUMMARY: Large human cohort studies that assess gut microbiome profile, its metabolites and impact on acute pancreatitis risk and severity will be crucial for development of innovative prediction, prevention and treatment strategies.},
}

Humans
*Pancreatitis/microbiology
*Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology
Severity of Illness Index
Dysbiosis/microbiology/complications/immunology
Acute Disease
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

@article {pmid39093178,
year = {2023},
author = {Von Muhlenbrock, C and Núñez, P and Espinoza, R and Quera, R},
title = {[Update in diagnosis and management of Clostridioides difficile].},
journal = {Revista medica de Chile},
volume = {151},
number = {7},
pages = {887-898},
doi = {10.4067/s0034-98872023000700887},
pmid = {39093178},
issn = {0717-6163},
mesh = {Humans ; *Clostridium Infections/diagnosis/therapy ; *Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Chile/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) is one of the leading causes of infection associated with health care with high morbidity and mortality, especially among hospitalized older adults. The increase in the use of antibiotics has been associated with a higher number of cases and greater virulence. Its clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic carriers to toxic megacolon. Studies with stool tests (glutamate dehydrogenase, toxins A and B, and nuclear acid amplification techniques) should be considered in these cases. Fidaxomicin, fecal microbiota transplant, and new therapies such as monoclonal antibodies have been incorporated into the therapeutic arsenal, with a higher level of evidence. Nevertheless, the severity, patient comorbidity, recurrence risk factors, and the economic cost of each therapeutic option must be considered. This review aims to update the last guidelines proposed by the Chilean Societies of Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases published in 2016, providing the latest recommendations regarding prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of C. difficile infection.},
}

Humans
*Clostridium Infections/diagnosis/therapy
*Clostridioides difficile/pathogenicity
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
Risk Factors
Practice Guidelines as Topic
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Chile/epidemiology

@article {pmid39084197,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Y and Wang, S and Wang, H and Cao, M and Wang, M and Zhang, B and Xiao, C and Zhu, H and Du, S},
title = {Efficacy of donor-recipient-matched faecal microbiota transplantation in patients with IBS-D: A single-centre, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study.},
journal = {Digestion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1159/000540420},
pmid = {39084197},
issn = {1421-9867},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The imbalance in gut microbiota is contributing to the development and progression of IBS. FMT can improve the gut microbiota, and donor-recipient-matched FMT can help develop individualised treatment plans according to different enterotypes. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of donor-recipient matched FMT in IBS-D and evaluate its effects on gut microbiota.

METHODS: Twenty-seven patients with IBS-D were randomly divided into donor-recipient matched FMT group (Group P), random-donor FMT group (Group R) and placebo group (Group B). All participants received corresponding FMT treatment after filling in IBS-S, IBS-QoL, GSRS, HADS questionnaires and having their stool samples collected at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment. Analysed the improvement in the symptoms and the changes in the bacterial flora fo three groups.

RESULTS: 1. The IBS-SSS, IBS-Qol, GSRS and anxiety scores of Group P were significantly lower after treatment(P＜0.05). The IBS-Qol scores of Group R was significantly lower after treatment(P＜0.05). 2. Beta diversity analysis showed that the gut microbiota of Group P had an obvious trend of classification after treatment. 3. Seven bacterial genera were related to the differences in the IBS-SSS scores before and after treatment.

CONCLUSION: Donor-recipient-matched FMT significantly improved the clinical symptoms, quality of life, and anxiety scores of the patients with IBS-D than random-donor FMT.},
}

@article {pmid39084184,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhou, SK and Xu, JD and Gao, XQ and Zhang, RJ and Cheng, FF and Yao, WF and Zhang, Y and Geng, T and Zhang, L},
title = {Fructus Jujubae cooperated with water-expelling members in Shizao decoction alleviated intestinal injury and malignant ascites by modulating gut microbiota and metabolic homeostasis.},
journal = {Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology},
volume = {133},
number = {},
pages = {155895},
doi = {10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155895},
pmid = {39084184},
issn = {1618-095X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Shizao decoction (SZD) consisted of Euphorbia kansui (EK), Euphorbia pekinensis (EP), Daphne genkwa (DG), and Fructus Jujubae (FJ) is a classic Chinese herbal medicine formula for treating malignant ascites, which is closely related to the modulation of gut microbiota by our previous study. For water-expelling members (WEM) including EK, EP, and DG may have side effects on the intestine, FJ is employed for detoxification and effectivity enhancement of WEM. However, the underlying mechanism for the compatibility of WEM and FJ is still unknown.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of the compatibility of WEM with FJ in SZD on malignant ascites and elucidate the potential mechanism from the perspective of the modulation of gut microbiota and related metabolic function.

METHODS: Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of main components was conducted for comprehensive characterization of SZD and WEM. The effect of WEM and SZD was compared on malignant ascites effusion (MAE) rats. The intestinal injury was evaluated by HE staining and oxidative damage. Ascites weight, urine amount, fecal water content, the expression of aquaporins, and cytokines in ascites (IL-6, VEGF, and TNF-α) were measured to estimate the water-expelling activity. The intestinal flora was detected by 16S rDNA sequencing and the content of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pseudo-germ-free (PGF) and fecal bacteria transplantation animal experiments were subsequently employed to validate this finding. The fecal metabolomics and correlation analysis were finally conducted to explore the related metabolic changes.

RESULTS: 51 and 33 components were identified in SZD and WEM, respectively. Compared to WEM alone, the compatibility with FJ remarkably reduced intestinal oxidative damage in MAE rats. Ascites was also relieved by downregulating the expression of AQP3 in the colon and decreasing the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF in ascites. The diversity of gut microbiota was reversed with an increase in Lactobacillus and Clostridia_UCG-014 while a decrease in Colidextribacter. Under the PGF condition, compatibility of WEM with FJ failed to reduce intestinal injury and alleviate MA significantly, but this effect was further enhanced after FMT. 23 potential fecal metabolites were finally identified. Correlation analysis further showed that Lactobacillus and Clostridia_UCG-014 were positively correlated with SCFAs and l-tryptophan. Colidextribacter was negatively correlated with thymidine but positively correlated with ursodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid.

CONCLUSION: FJ cooperated with WEM reduced intestinal injury and alleviated malignant ascites by modulating gut microbiota, short-chain fatty and tryptophan metabolism. These findings provide a scientific basis for the clinical application of FJ from SZD and the safe usage of SZD.},
}

@article {pmid39083099,
year = {2024},
author = {Heiss, MM and Lange, J and Knievel, J and Yohannes, A and Hügle, U and Dormann, AJ and Eisenberger, CF},
title = {Treatment of anastomotic leak in colorectal surgery by endoluminal vacuum therapy with the VACStent avoiding a stoma - a pilot study.},
journal = {Langenbeck's archives of surgery},
volume = {409},
number = {1},
pages = {234},
pmid = {39083099},
issn = {1435-2451},
mesh = {Humans ; Pilot Projects ; *Anastomotic Leak/prevention & control ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Surgical Stomas/adverse effects ; Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects ; Aged, 80 and over ; Adult ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Anastomotic leak (AL) represents the most relevant and devastating complication in colorectal surgery. Endoscopic vacuum therapy (EVT) using the VACStent is regarded as a significant improvement in the treatment of upper gastrointestinal wall defects. The innovative concept of the VACStent was transferred to the lower GI tract, gaining initial experience by investigating safety and efficacy in 12 patients undergoing colorectal resections.

METHODS: The pilot study, as part of a German registry, began with 2 patients suffering from AL, who were treated with the VACStent after stoma placement. Subsequently, 6 patients with AL were treated with the VACStent omitting a stoma placement, with a focus on fecal passage and wound healing. Finally, the preemptive anastomotic coverage was investigated in 4 patients with high-risk anastomoses to avoid prophylactic stoma placement.

RESULTS: In total 26 VACStents were placed without problems. The conditioning and drainage function were maintained, and no clogging problems of the sponge cylinder were observed. No relevant clinical VACStent-associated complications were observed; however, in 2 patients, a dislodgement of a VACStent occurred. The 6 patients with AL but without stoma had a median treatment with 3 VACStents per case with a laytime of 17 days, leading to complete wound healing in all cases. The 4 prophylactic VACStent applications were without complications.

CONCLUSION: The clinical application of the VACStent in the lower GI tract shows that successful treatment of anastomotic colonic leaks and avoidance of creation of an anus praeter is possible.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04884334, date of registration 2021-05-04, retrospectively registered.},
}

Humans
Pilot Projects
*Anastomotic Leak/prevention & control
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Surgical Stomas/adverse effects
Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy
Treatment Outcome
Anastomosis, Surgical/adverse effects
Aged, 80 and over
Adult

@article {pmid39081882,
year = {2024},
author = {Sun, M and Lu, F and Yu, D and Wang, Y and Chen, P and Liu, S},
title = {Respiratory diseases and gut microbiota: relevance, pathogenesis, and treatment.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1358597},
pmid = {39081882},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Preclinical evidence has firmly established a bidirectional interaction among the lung, gut, and gut microbiome. There are many complex communication pathways between the lung and intestine, which affect each other's balance. Some metabolites produced by intestinal microorganisms, intestinal immune cells, and immune factors enter lung tissue through blood circulation and participate in lung immune function. Altered gut-lung-microbiome interactions have been identified in rodent models and humans of several lung diseases such as pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, asthma, etc. Emerging evidence suggests that microbial therapies can prevent and treat respiratory diseases, but it is unclear whether this association is a simple correlation with the pathological mechanisms of the disease or the result of causation. In this review, we summarize the complex and critical link between the gut microbiota and the lung, as well as the influence and mechanism of the gut microbiota on respiratory diseases, and discuss the role of interventions such as prebiotics and fecal bacteria transplantation on respiratory diseases. To provide a reference for the rational design of large-scale clinical studies, the direct application of microbial therapy to respiratory-related diseases can reduce the incidence and severity of diseases and accompanying complications.},
}

@article {pmid39081300,
year = {2024},
author = {Zaidi, SMH and Haider, R and Kazmi, SAB and Husnain, A and Khan, S and Merchant, S and Tayyab, H and Wazeen, FR and Chaudhary, AJ},
title = {Beyond Antibiotics: Novel Approaches in the Treatment of Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection.},
journal = {ACG case reports journal},
volume = {11},
number = {8},
pages = {e01333},
pmid = {39081300},
issn = {2326-3253},
}

@article {pmid39079886,
year = {2024},
author = {Pedreira-Robles, G and Bach-Pascual, A and Collado-Nieto, S and Padilla, E and Burballa, C and Arias-Cabrales, C and Redondo-Pachón, D and Sánchez, F and Horcajada, JP and Pascual, J and Crespo, M and Villar-García, J and Pérez-Sáez, MJ},
title = {Screening for tropical and imported infections in migrant kidney transplant candidates from the kidney transplant access consultation.},
journal = {Nefrologia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.nefroe.2024.07.006},
pmid = {39079886},
issn = {2013-2514},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Kidney transplantation (KT) should be postponed in those people with active bacterial, fungal, viral and parasitic processes, since these must be treated and resolved previously. The objective of this study is to present the screening circuit implemented by the Nephrology clinic and describe the prevalence of tropical and imported infections in KT candidates born or coming from endemic areas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study, carried out in 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, serological data of general infections and specific tests of tropical infectious diseases were collected. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out.

RESULTS: 67 TR candidates from Latin America (32.8%), North Africa (22.4%), Sub-Saharan Africa (14.9%) and Asia (29.9%) were included. 68.7% were men and the mean age was 48.9 ± 13.5 years. After the general and specific studies, 42 (62.7%) patients were referred to the Infectious Diseases Service to complete this study or indicate treatment. 35.8% of the patients had eosinophilia, and in one case parasites were detected in feces at the time of the study. Serology for strongyloidiasis was positive in 18 (26.9%) cases, while positive serology for other tropical infections was hardly detected. 34.3% of patients had latent tuberculosis infection.

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of tropical and imported infections in migrant candidates for RT was low, except for strongyloidiasis and latent tuberculosis infection. Its detection and treatment are essential to avoid serious complications in post-TR. To this end, the implementation of an interdisciplinary screening program from the KT access consultation is feasible, necessary and useful.},
}

@article {pmid39079826,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, Q and Yang, LS and Huang, HL and Li, YF and Zhou, YJ and Xu, HM},
title = {Washed microbiota transplantation combined with biological agents promotes histological remission in refractory severe ulcerative colitis with recurrent intestinal infection: A case report.},
journal = {Arab journal of gastroenterology : the official publication of the Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajg.2024.07.008},
pmid = {39079826},
issn = {2090-2387},
abstract = {Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific colitis disease. In recent years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), including improved washed microbiota transplantation (WMT), and biological agents have helped improve the prognosis of patients with UC. However, a significant number of patients with moderate to severe UC do not get relief from glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and TNF-α antagonists. Patients with severe UC are frequently burdened with opportunistic infections and subsequent surgical interventions. Combined treatment modalities are crucial for patients with severe UC and opportunistic infections. Herein, we reported a case of a 25-year-old female with refractory severe UC complicated with recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and recurrent cytomegalovirus infection for six years. Surgical removal of the affected bowel segment was almost unavoidable. She showed endoscopic and histological recovery after comprehensive WMT and Vedolizumab treatment. The following are our learnings from the case: 1. A combination of WMT and biological agents can potentially obviate the necessity for surgical treatment in patients with refractory severe UC and promote histological remission. 2. Personalized comprehensive treatment and chronic disease management models for patients with UC should be emphasized. 3. WMT can help treat opportunistic infections, which may also strengthen the treatment with gut-targeted biological agents when traditional TNF-α antagonists show poor efficacy.},
}

@article {pmid39078661,
year = {2024},
author = {Kou, RW and Li, ZQ and Wang, JL and Jiang, SQ and Zhang, RJ and He, YQ and Xia, B and Gao, JM},
title = {Ganoderic Acid A Mitigates Inflammatory Bowel Disease through Modulation of AhR Activity by Microbial Tryptophan Metabolism.},
journal = {Journal of agricultural and food chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01166},
pmid = {39078661},
issn = {1520-5118},
abstract = {Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex gastrointestinal condition influenced by genetic, microbial, and environmental factors, among which the gut microbiota plays a crucial role and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target. Ganoderic acid A (GAA), which is a lanostane triterpenoid compound derived from edible mushroom Ganoderma lucidum, has demonstrated the ability to modulate gut dysbiosis. Thus, we investigated the impact of GAA on IBD using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. GAA effectively prevented colitis, preserved epithelial and mucus layer integrity, and modulated the gut microbiota. In addition, GAA promoted tryptophan metabolism, especially 3-IAld generation, activated the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), and induced IL-22 production. Fecal microbiota transplantation validated the mediating role of the gut microbiota in the IBD protection conferred by GAA. Our study suggests that GAA holds potential as a nutritional intervention for ameliorating IBD by influencing the gut microbiota, thereby regulating tryptophan metabolism, enhancing AhR activity, and ultimately improving gut barrier function.},
}

@article {pmid39078050,
year = {2024},
author = {Lee, PJ and Hung, CM and Yang, AJ and Hou, CY and Chou, HW and Chang, YC and Chu, WC and Huang, WY and Kuo, WC and Yang, CC and Lin, KI and Hung, KH and Chang, LC and Lee, KY and Kuo, HP and Lu, KM and Lai, HC and Kuo, ML and Chen, WJ},
title = {MS-20 enhances the gut microbiota-associated antitumor effects of anti-PD1 antibody.},
journal = {Gut microbes},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {2380061},
pmid = {39078050},
issn = {1949-0984},
mesh = {*Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Animals ; Mice ; *Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism ; Humans ; *Tumor Microenvironment/immunology ; *CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Probiotics/administration & dosage/pharmacology ; Immunotherapy ; Female ; Colonic Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/drug therapy/microbiology ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Lung Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/therapy ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; },
abstract = {Cancer immunotherapy has been regarded as a promising strategy for cancer therapy by blocking immune checkpoints and evoking immunity to fight cancer, but its efficacy seems to be heterogeneous among patients. Manipulating the gut microbiota is a potential strategy for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Here, we report that MS-20, also known as "Symbiota®", a postbiotic that comprises abundant microbial metabolites generated from a soybean-based medium fermented with multiple strains of probiotics and yeast, inhibited colon and lung cancer growth in combination with an anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD1) antibody in xenograft mouse models. Mechanistically, MS-20 remodeled the immunological tumor microenvironment by increasing effector CD8[+] T cells and downregulating PD1 expression, which were mediated by the gut microbiota. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from mice receiving MS-20 treatment to recipient mice increased CD8[+] T-cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment and significantly improved antitumor activity when combined with anti-PD1 therapy. Notably, the abundance of Ruminococcus bromii, which increased following MS-20 treatment, was positively associated with a reduced tumor burden and CD8[+] T-cell infiltration in vivo. Furthermore, an ex vivo study revealed that MS-20 could alter the composition of the microbiota in cancer patients, resulting in distinct metabolic pathways associated with favorable responses to immunotherapy. Overall, MS-20 could act as a promising adjuvant agent for enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint-mediated antitumor therapy.},
}

*Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Animals
Mice
*Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors/immunology/metabolism
Humans
*Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
*CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation
Cell Line, Tumor
Probiotics/administration & dosage/pharmacology
Immunotherapy
Female
Colonic Neoplasms/immunology/therapy/drug therapy/microbiology
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/pharmacology
Lung Neoplasms/immunology/drug therapy/therapy
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

@article {pmid39073834,
year = {2024},
author = {Scheperjans, F and Levo, R and Bosch, B and Lääperi, M and Pereira, PAB and Smolander, OP and Aho, VTE and Vetkas, N and Toivio, L and Kainulainen, V and Fedorova, TD and Lahtinen, P and Ortiz, R and Kaasinen, V and Satokari, R and Arkkila, P},
title = {Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Treatment of Parkinson Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.},
journal = {JAMA neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39073834},
issn = {2168-6157},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Dysbiosis has been robustly demonstrated in Parkinson disease (PD), and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has shown promising effects in preclinical PD models.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and symptomatic efficacy of colonic single-dose anaerobically prepared FMT.

This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted between November 2020 and June 2023 with a follow-up period of 12 months at 4 hospitals in Finland. Patients with PD aged 35 to 75 years in Hoehn & Yahr stage 1-3 with a mild to moderate symptom burden and dysbiosis of fecal microbiota were included. Of 229 patients screened, 48 were randomized and 47 received the intervention. One patient discontinued due to worsening of PD symptoms. Two further patients were excluded before analysis and 45 were included in the intention-to-treat analysis.

INTERVENTION: Participants were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive FMT or placebo via colonoscopy.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was the change of Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale parts I-III (part III off medication) at 6 months. Safety was assessed by recording adverse events (AEs).

RESULTS: The median (IQR) age was 65 (52.5-70.0) years in the placebo group and 66 (59.25-69.75) years in the FMT group; 9 (60.0%) and 16 (53.3%) patients were male in the placebo group and the FMT group, respectively. The primary outcome did not differ between the groups (0.97 points, 95% CI, -5.10 to 7.03, P = .75). Gastrointestinal AEs were more frequent in the FMT group (16 [53%] vs 1 [7%]; P = .003). Secondary outcomes and post hoc analyses showed stronger increase of dopaminergic medication and improvement of certain motor and nonmotor outcomes in the placebo group. Microbiota changes were more pronounced after FMT but differed by donor. Nevertheless, dysbiosis status was reversed more frequently in the placebo group.

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: FMT was safe but did not offer clinically meaningful improvements. Further studies-for example, through modified FMT approaches or bowel cleansing-are warranted regarding the specific impact of donor microbiota composition and dysbiosis conversion on motor and nonmotor outcomes as well as medication needs in PD.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04854291.},
}

@article {pmid39073794,
year = {2024},
author = {Sampson, TR},
title = {Fecal Microbiome Transplants For Parkinson Disease.},
journal = {JAMA neurology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.2293},
pmid = {39073794},
issn = {2168-6157},
}

@article {pmid39073205,
year = {2024},
author = {Zu, M and Liu, G and Xu, H and Zhu, Z and Zhen, J and Li, B and Shi, X and Shahbazi, MA and Reis, RL and Kundu, SC and Nie, G and Xiao, B},
title = {Extracellular Vesicles from Nanomedicine-Trained Intestinal Microbiota Substitute for Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Treating Ulcerative Colitis.},
journal = {Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2409138},
doi = {10.1002/adma.202409138},
pmid = {39073205},
issn = {1521-4095},
support = {82072060//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 82360110//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; SWU-XDPY22006//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; SWU-KQ22075//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; 2205012980212766//Venture & Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees/ ; 2022NSCQ-JQX5279//Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Chongqing Municipality/ ; 20212BDH81019//Key Science and Technology Research Project in Jiangxi Province Department of Education/ ; 20224BAB206073//Key Science and Technology Research Project in Jiangxi Province Department of Education/ ; },
abstract = {The biosafety concerns associated with fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) limit their clinical application in treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Gut microbiota secrete abundant extracellular vesicles (Gm-EVs), which play a critical role in bacteria-to-bacteria and bacteria-to-host communications. Herein, intestinal microbiota are trained using tea leaf lipid/pluronic F127-coated curcumin nanocrystals (CN@Lp127s), which can maintain stability during transit through the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with FMT, Gm-EVs derived from healthy mice significantly improve treatment outcomes against UC by reducing colonic inflammatory responses, restoring colonic barrier function, and rebalancing intestinal microbiota. Strikingly, Gm-EVs obtained from CN@Lp127-trained healthy mice exhibit a superior therapeutic effect on UC compared to groups receiving FMT from healthy mice, Gm-EVs from healthy mice, and FMT from CN@Lp127-trained healthy mice. Oral administration of Gm-EVs from CN@Lp127-trained healthy mice not only alleviates colonic inflammation, promotes mucosal repair, and regulates gut microbiota but also regulates purine metabolism to decrease the uric acid level, resulting in a robust improvement in the UC. This study demonstrates the UC therapeutic efficacy of Gm-EVs derived from nanomedicine-trained gut microbiota in regulating the immune microenvironment, microbiota, and purine metabolism of the colon. These EVs provide an alternative platform to replace FMT as a treatment for UC.},
}