@article {pmid39893414,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, K and Huang, Y and Jiang, Y and Liu, T and Kong, J and Cai, S and Wen, Z and Chen, Y},
title = {Effect of Candida albicans' supernatant on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa through las/rhl System.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {60},
pmid = {39893414},
issn = {1471-2180},
support = {Z20190940//Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Commission self funded research project/ ; 81760743//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; KLLAD202204//Open Project of Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases (Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education/ ; GUIZAICHONGKAI 202206//Open Project of Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology ; *Candida albicans/pathogenicity/genetics/physiology/drug effects ; *Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism ; *Quorum Sensing ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virulence ; Animals ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Mice ; Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are opportunistic pathogens whose mixed infections can exacerbate microbial dissemination and drug resistance, contributing to high mortality and morbidity rates among infected individuals. Few studies have explored the impact of C. albicans supernatant on P. aeruginosa, and the underlying mechanisms of such mixed infections remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of C. albicans supernatant on biofilm formation and virulence factor activity in wild-type P. aeruginosa PAO1 and its quorum sensing-deficient mutants, ΔlasIrhlI and ΔlasRrhlR. Our results demonstrated that the biofilm formation capability and virulence were significantly higher in the PAO1 group compared to the ΔlasIrhlI and ΔlasRrhlR groups. Furthermore, exposure to C. albicans supernatant significantly enhanced both the biofilm formation and virulence of PAO1, whereas no significant changes were observed in the ΔlasIrhlI and ΔlasRrhlR mutants relative to their respective controls. These findings suggest that C. albicans supernatant may modulate P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence via the las/rhl quorum sensing system.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/pathogenicity/physiology
*Candida albicans/pathogenicity/genetics/physiology/drug effects
*Virulence Factors/genetics/metabolism
*Quorum Sensing
*Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism
Virulence
Animals
Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism
Mice
Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology

@article {pmid39892261,
year = {2025},
author = {Yang, Z and Lin, S and Wang, H and Zhou, J and Lin, H and Zhou, J},
title = {Simultaneous partial nitrification, endogenous and autotrophic denitrification in a single-stage electrolysis-integrated sequencing batch biofilm reactor (E-SBBR) for stable and enhanced kitchen digested wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {124200},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124200},
pmid = {39892261},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Simultaneous partial nitrification-denitrification (SPND) is a promising process for nitrogen (N) removal from kitchen digested wastewater characterized by a low C/N ratio. However, its widespread application is often restricted due to the unstable partial nitrification and unsatisfactory denitrification performance. This work developed a novel simultaneous partial nitrification, endogenous and autotrophic denitrification process using a single-stage electrolysis-integrated sequencing batch biofilm reactor (E-SBBR) with anoxic/electro-anaerobic/aerobic operating strategy. The novel process considerably enhanced the stability and N removal efficiency (NH4[+]-N>94.5% and TN>90.8%) of the SPND process. The pre-electro-anaerobic phase achieved alkalinity and H2 generation, and intracellular carbon storage. The increased alkalinity resulted in increased free ammonia (FA) which secured complete suppression of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). SPND efficiency in the aerobic phase was dramatically improved using polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and H2 as electron donors for endogenous and autotrophic denitrification. Microbial community analysis indicated the successful washout of NOB and the enrichment of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), denitrifying glycogen accumulating organisms (DGAOs), autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrifiers in the system. This research presents a distinctive SPND process for intensified kitchen digested wastewater treatment and gives insights into the underlying mechanism.},
}

@article {pmid39892235,
year = {2025},
author = {Pan, T and Guo, Z and Hu, S and Dong, D and Li, J and Yang, X and Dai, Y and Li, L and Wu, F and Wu, Z and Xi, S},
title = {Additive release and prediction of biofilm-colonized microplastics in three typical freshwater ecosystems.},
journal = {The Science of the total environment},
volume = {965},
number = {},
pages = {178671},
doi = {10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178671},
pmid = {39892235},
issn = {1879-1026},
abstract = {Widely used plastics are discarded and broken into microplastics (MPs), threatening the health of plants and animals, and affecting the natural world. The global spread of plastic additives, as unavoidable components in plastic preparation, raises concerns about their leaching in different environments. This paper aims to infer the leaching of hazardous plastic additives (e.g.FP-127 fluorescent additives) by investigating the effect of biofilm communities on the release of additives from plastics after 35 days of incubation in three typical freshwater ecosystems (Hubing Pool, Baogong Park, and Feihe River) in Hefei, China. In this research, we prepared different plastics, crushed them and then put them into natural freshwater we sampled in the laboratory. The results showed that the biofilms attached to the various MPs contained different biomass that were related to water environmental conditions and the properties of MPs. Compared to the natural release in deionized water, the concentration of leaching MPs additives can be 5, 10, and 20 times higher in Hubing Pool, Baogong Park, and Feihe River, respectively. The analysis results also clearly showed that the relative abundance of core communities was proportional to FP-127 additive leaching from the MPs into the surrounding environment. Moreover, we also modeled two equations to predict the release of additives. These findings would be valuable for predicting the potential of MPs to release toxic additives under different freshwater ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid39892023,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, M and Wang, H and Zhang, H and Bo, Z and Zhang, C and Zhang, X and Wu, Y},
title = {Identifcation of the genes involved in biofilm formation of Avibacterium paragallinarum using random transposon mutagenesis.},
journal = {Veterinary microbiology},
volume = {302},
number = {},
pages = {110410},
doi = {10.1016/j.vetmic.2025.110410},
pmid = {39892023},
issn = {1873-2542},
abstract = {Infectious coryza (IC) is a respiratory disease in poultry caused by Avibacterium paragallinarum (Av. paragallinarum). The disease caused growth retardation in broilers and reduced egg production in laying hens, resulting in significant economic losses to the global chicken industry. The biofilm is an important virulence factor for many bacterial pathogens, yet there is a paucity of research on the biofilm of Av. paragallinarum. This study aimed to construct a random mutant library of Av. paragallinarum using the Tn5-Kan transposon to identify genes involved in biofilm formation. A total of approximately 3000 mutants were obtained, and 38 of them demonstrated a reduction in biofilm formation of 70-90 % by crystal violet staining. The transposon insertion sites were further determined by chromosome walking, and 17 functional genes related to biofilm formation were identified. According to the functional analysis of the mutated genes, 14 mutants with mutated genes associated with energy metabolism, cell membrane formation, gene transcription and translation, and material transmembrane transport were screened to further explore their biological characteristics and pathogenicity in vivo and in vitro. The results indicated that the growth performance, resistance to disinfectants, adhesion and invasion ability to DF-1 cells and pathogenicity of the 14 mutants were reduced. The 14 mutants displayed increased sensitivity to antibiotics but did not show significant changes in hemagglutination titer or antiserum bactericidal ability. It is noteworthy that the M-76 mutant exhibited a marked reduction in pathogenicity. Following challenge, the experimental chickens did not present any clinical symptoms or pathological changes for a period of seven days, and the respiratory tract bacterial shedding was also the lowest. This indicates that a deficiency in biofilm formation reduces the pathogenicity of Av. paragallinarum. This study will contribute to our understanding of the molecular mechanism of biofilm formation of Av. paragallinarum and further study the pathogenesis of Av. paragallinarum.},
}

@article {pmid39890071,
year = {2025},
author = {Medina, C and Manriquez, D and Gonzalez-Córdova, BA and Pacha, PA and Vidal, JM and Oliva, R and Latorre, AA},
title = {Biofilm Forming Ability of Staphylococcus aureus on Materials Commonly Found in Milking Equipment Surfaces.},
journal = {Journal of dairy science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3168/jds.2024-25416},
pmid = {39890071},
issn = {1525-3198},
abstract = {The presence of biofilms on milking equipment on dairy farms can be a source of bulk tank milk contamination, as well as a potential source of intramammary infections for cows. The biofilm forming ability of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus, may differ depending on factors such as the intrinsic ability of bacteria to form biofilms, as well as the roughness and type of material of the surfaces. We investigated the ability of S. aureus to form biofilms on coupons made of Stainless Steel, Nitrile (Buna-N) Rubber, Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) Rubber, Silicone Rubber, Borosilicate Glass, Polycarbonate and Polyvinyl Chloride, which are materials commonly used to manufacture pieces of milking equipment. Three S. aureus strains isolated from biofilms naturally formed in milking equipment on dairy farms, and previously characterized as "high," "medium," or "low" adherence ability by microtiter plate assay, were analyzed to assess their ability to form in vitro biofilms using a CDC Biofilm Reactor. Bacterial counts of suspended biofilms and Scanning Electron Microscopy were performed on coupons of each material. The highest bacterial counts were observed in Buna-N surfaces for high adherence (L1-1171, mean = 4.54 Log10 cfu/mL), medium adherence (L1-030, mean = 4.18 Log10 cfu/mL), and low adherence (L1-256, mean = 3.71 Log10 cfu/mL) S. aureus. The biofilm forming ability for a same S. aureus strain, regardless their adherence abilities, was not significantly different among all tested surface materials, except of Buna-N Rubber, for which all 3 strains had an increased ability to form biofilms. In a same material, no statistically significant differences were observed among strains, except for Buna-N and EPDM Rubber in which the highly adherent S. aureus strain (L1-1171) had a greater biofilm formation as compared with other strains. Regular replacement of rubber parts of milking equipment is warranted to reduce the risk of biofilm formation.},
}

@article {pmid39887335,
year = {2025},
author = {Cai, Y and Boltz, JP and Rittmann, BE},
title = {Modeling the Performance of an Anaerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor.},
journal = {Biotechnology and bioengineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bit.28938},
pmid = {39887335},
issn = {1097-0290},
support = {//This work was supported by funding from PepsiCo and generous donations from the Swette Family Endowment, Woodard & Curran Inc., the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52200087), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (2022M710654), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2412022QD019). Yuhang Cai also gratefully acknowledges the financial support from China Scholarship Council./ ; },
abstract = {Sub-models representing transformation processes by microorganisms and hydrolases, a one-dimensional (1-D) biofilm, and a bioreactor were integrated to simulate organic-matter fermentation and methane (CH4) production in an anaerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (AnMBBR). The integrated models correctly represented all experimental observations and identified mechanisms underlying how and why AnMBBR performance changed when the volumetric loading rate (VLR) of total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) increased from 3.9 to 19.5 kg CODT/m[3]-d. The fractional removal of TCOD and CH4 production decreased as the VLR of TCOD increased, in part, due to an increasing biofilm thickness that filled the protected channels in the interior of the plastic carriers and led to a decrease in biofilm surface area and an increase in the mass-transfer boundary layer. Also, the ~25-day duration for each VLR of TCOD was too brief to allow the biofilm to establish a new quasi-steady state with respect to biofilm thickness. The mechanistic understanding of how biofilm characteristics and process performance respond to increased VLR of TCOD can be applied in engineering practice to improve AnMBBR process design and operation.},
}

@article {pmid39887017,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, C and Shahriar, SMS and Su, Y and Xie, J},
title = {Versatile nanomaterials used in combatting biofilm infections.},
journal = {Nanomedicine (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/17435889.2025.2459049},
pmid = {39887017},
issn = {1748-6963},
abstract = {Microbial infections are a pressing global health issue, exacerbated by the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria due to widespread antibiotic overuse. This resistance diminishes the effectiveness of current treatments, intensifying the need for new antimicrobial agents and innovative drug delivery strategies. Nanotechnology presents promising solutions, leveraging the unique properties of nanomaterials such as tunable optical and electronic characteristics, nanoscale size, and high surface-to-volume ratios. These features enhance their effectiveness as innovative antimicrobial agents and versatile drug delivery systems. This minireview classifies antimicrobial nanomaterials into four categories based on their mechanisms of action: thermal generation, reactive oxygen species generation, gas generation, and nanocarrier systems such as liposomes, polymersomes, and metal-organic frameworks. Uniquely, this review integrates a comparative analysis of these mechanisms, highlighting their relative advantages, limitations, and applications across diverse microbial targets. Additionally, it identifies emerging trends in the field, providing a forward-looking perspective on how recent advancements in nanotechnology can be leveraged to address unmet clinical needs. Finally, this article discusses future directions and emerging opportunities in antimicrobial nanotechnology.},
}

@article {pmid39885598,
year = {2025},
author = {Nishi, K and Gondaira, S and Hirano, Y and Ohashi, M and Sato, A and Matsuda, K and Iwasaki, T and Kanda, T and Uemura, R and Higuchi, H},
title = {Biofilm characterisation of Mycoplasma bovis co-cultured with Trueperella pyogenes.},
journal = {Veterinary research},
volume = {56},
number = {1},
pages = {22},
pmid = {39885598},
issn = {1297-9716},
support = {23K05574//Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; Animals ; *Mycoplasma bovis/physiology ; *Actinomycetaceae/physiology ; Cattle ; *Cattle Diseases/microbiology/physiopathology ; *Actinomycetales Infections/veterinary/microbiology ; Coinfection/veterinary/microbiology ; Coculture Techniques/veterinary ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/veterinary/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Mycoplasma pneumonia, caused by Mycoplasma bovis (Mycoplasmopsis bovis; M. bovis), is linked with severe inflammatory reactions in the lungs and can be challenging to treat with antibiotics. Biofilms play a significant role in bacterial persistence and contribute to the development of chronic lesions. A recent study has shown that polymicrobial interactions between species are an important factor in biofilm formation, yet the precise mechanism of biofilm formation in M. bovis remains unknown. By assuming multiple pathogen infections in the bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC), this study examined the characterisation of the polymicrobial relationship between M. bovis and Trueperella pyogenes (T. pyogenes) during biofilm formation. Autopsies were performed on four Holstein calves (two chronic Mycoplasma pneumonia calves and two control calves). Bacterium-like aggregation structures (> 10 μm), which were assumed to be biofilms of M. bovis in vivo, were observed adhering to the cilia in calves with Mycoplasma pneumonia. M. bovis released an extracellular matrix to connect with neighbouring bacteria and form a mature biofilm on the plate. Biofilm formation in the co-culture of M. bovis and T. pyogenes (strain T1: 1 × 10[5] and 1 × 10[6] CFU/well) significantly increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; 64.1% and 64.8% increase) compared to that in a single culture of these bacteria. Furthermore, some large aggregates (> 40 μm), composed of M. bovis and T. pyogenes, were observed. The morphological characteristics of this biofilm were similar to those observed in vivo compared to a single culture. In conclusion, the polymicrobial interaction between M. bovis and T. pyogenes induces biofilm formation, which is associated with increased resistance to antimicrobial agents, and this exacerbates the progression of chronic Mycoplasma pneumonia.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
Animals
*Mycoplasma bovis/physiology
*Actinomycetaceae/physiology
Cattle
*Cattle Diseases/microbiology/physiopathology
*Actinomycetales Infections/veterinary/microbiology
Coinfection/veterinary/microbiology
Coculture Techniques/veterinary
Pneumonia, Mycoplasma/veterinary/microbiology

@article {pmid39885460,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, T and Wang, D and Gao, SS},
title = {The antibiofilm effect and mechanism of silver nanowire-modified glass ionomer cement against multi-species oral biofilm.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {160},
pmid = {39885460},
issn = {1472-6831},
support = {2023XAKJ0103067//Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory/ ; 2023XAKJ0103067//Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory/ ; 2023XAKJ0103067//Scientific Research Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Glass Ionomer Cements/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Silver/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Streptococcus mutans/drug effects ; *Nanowires/chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Surface Properties ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Streptococcus sobrinus/drug effects ; Limosilactobacillus fermentum ; Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/drug effects ; Materials Testing ; Compressive Strength ; Microscopy, Atomic Force ; Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry ; Hardness ; Wettability ; Lactic Acid ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To investigate the antibiofilm effect and mechanism of the silver nanowire (AgNW)-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) against multi-species oral biofilm, and to examine the mechanical and biochemical properties of this novel GIC material.

METHODS: Conventional GIC was incorporated with different concentrations of AgNW and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Multi-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Lactobacillus fermentum, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were cultured for 72 h on GIC specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was adopted to examine the accumulation of biofilm on GIC surfaces. A live/dead assay was performed to assess the viability of bacteria. Extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) were labelled with Alexa Fluor 647-labelled dextran conjugate and then observed by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The D/L-Lactic Acid Assay Kit was used to evaluate the lactic acid production of the multi-species biofilms. Compressive strength, surface roughness, hardness, and wettability were measured by a universal testing machine, an atomic force microscope (AFM), a Vickers microhardness tester, and a contact angle meter, respectively. Colour stability and fluoride release of GIC specimens were assessed by VITA Easyshade® V and ion chromatography. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to study cytotoxicity.

RESULTS: SEM images showed that fewer biofilms were accumulated on the AgNW-GIC surfaces. The live/dead assay showed that the ratio of live bacteria was significantly lower in AgNW-GIC groups than in conventional GIC (5.8% vs. 100%, p < 0.0001). The EPS production was significantly less in AgNW-GIC groups compared to conventional GIC (p < 0.0001). There is no difference between groups regarding lactic acid production and fluoride release. The mechanical strength including compressive strength, surface roughness, hardness, and wettability were comparable between groups. The colour change between AgNW-GIC and conventional GIC was much milder than that between AgNP-GIC and conventional GIC. The results of cytotoxicity showed no significant differences in cell viability between groups.

CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that AgNW-GIC had an excellent antibiofilm effect against multi-species oral biofilm, comparable mechanical and biochemical properties, and did not significantly affect the colour stability of GIC. The antibiofilm mechanism of AgNW-GIC may be related to inhibiting the viability and EPS production of bacteria.},
}

*Biofilms/drug effects
*Glass Ionomer Cements/pharmacology/chemistry
*Silver/chemistry/pharmacology
*Streptococcus mutans/drug effects
*Nanowires/chemistry
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Surface Properties
Microscopy, Confocal
Streptococcus sobrinus/drug effects
Limosilactobacillus fermentum
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus/drug effects
Materials Testing
Compressive Strength
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry
Hardness
Wettability
Lactic Acid
Humans

@article {pmid39885187,
year = {2025},
author = {Sung, K and Park, M and Kweon, O and Paredes, A and Savenka, A and Khan, SA},
title = {Proteomic insights into dual-species biofilm formation of E. coli and E. faecalis on urinary catheters.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {3739},
pmid = {39885187},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {E0770601//U.S. Food and Drug Administration/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Enterococcus faecalis/physiology/metabolism/growth & development ; *Escherichia coli/physiology/metabolism ; *Urinary Catheters/microbiology ; *Proteomics/methods ; Humans ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Proteome/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Infections associated with urinary catheters are often caused by biofilms composed of various bacterial species that form on the catheters' surfaces. In this study, we investigated the intricate interplay between Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis during biofilm formation on urinary catheter segments using a dual-species culture model. We analyzed biofilm formation and global proteomic profiles to understand how these bacteria interact and adapt within a shared environment. Our findings demonstrated dynamic population shifts within the biofilms, with E. coli initially thriving in the presence of E. faecalis, then declining during biofilm development. E. faecalis exhibited a rapid decrease in cell numbers after 48 h in both single- and dual-species biofilms. Interestingly, the composition of the dual-species biofilms was remarkably diverse, with some predominantly composed of E. coli or of E. faecalis; others showed a balanced ratio of both species. Notably, elongated E. faecalis cells were observed in dual-species biofilms, a novel finding in mixed-species biofilm cultures. Proteomic analysis revealed distinct adaptive strategies E. coli and E. faecalis employed within biofilms. E. coli exhibited a more proactive response, emphasizing motility, transcription, and protein synthesis for biofilm establishment; whereas E. faecalis displayed a more reserved strategy, potentially downregulating metabolic activity, transcription, and translation in response to cohabitation with E. coli. Both E. coli and E. faecalis displayed significant downregulation of virulence-associated proteins when coexisting in dual-species biofilms. By delving deeper into these dynamics, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of challenging biofilm-associated infections, paving the way for novel strategies to combat them.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Enterococcus faecalis/physiology/metabolism/growth & development
*Escherichia coli/physiology/metabolism
*Urinary Catheters/microbiology
*Proteomics/methods
Humans
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Proteome/metabolism

@article {pmid39884474,
year = {2025},
author = {Ghosh, S and Kar, P and Chakraborty, PS and Pradhan, S and Chakrabarti, S and Ghosh, K},
title = {Characterization and anti-biofilm potentiality of an isolated novel Aeromonas hydrophila-infecting bacteriophage AHPMCC11, belonging to the genus Ahphunavirus.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107344},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107344},
pmid = {39884474},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Aeromonas hydrophila is a major aquatic habitat pathogen responsible for huge economic losses in the aquaculture and food industries. In this study, a lytic bacteriophage AHPMCC11 was isolated by using A. hydrophila MTCC 1739. AHPMCC11 showed a short latent period of 10 min and the burst size was 215 PFU/cell. AHPMCC11 had potent bacteriolytic activity within 2 h in liquid culture inhibition assay and exhibited biofilm scavenging activity against A. hydrophila MTCC 1739. AHPMCC11 was found stable at a wide range of pH levels (3-12), temperature ranges (4-37 ºC), and salinity conditions (0-40 ppt). The AHPMCC11 genome was determined to be 42,439 bp in length with 58.9% G+C content, 51 CDS, and no tRNA. Comparative genome study suggested that AHPMCC11 may represent a novel species within the Autographiviridae family, belonging to the Ahphunavirus genus. In conclusion, AHPMCC11 might be used as a biocontrol agent in aquaculture and the food industry.},
}

@article {pmid39884207,
year = {2025},
author = {Yesankar, PJ and Qureshi, A},
title = {Insights into the functionality of biofilm-forming bacterial consortia as bioavailability enhancers towards biodegradation of pyrene in hydrocarbon-contaminated soil.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {124295},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124295},
pmid = {39884207},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs), such as pyrene, pose significant challenges for microbial-based remediation in soil due to limited substrate availability and the sustainability of augmented microbes. Research targets are to investigate the potential of biofilm-forming bacterial cells to enhance pyrene bioavailability and biodegradation in two different hydrocarbon-contaminated soil microcosms, employing microbiological, molecular, and chemical analysis validated through statistical tools. The microcosm augmented with strong biofilm bacterial consortia (A) significantly enhanced pyrene availability by 1-1.5% compared to the weak biofilm consortia (B) and mixed consortia (AB). Analysis of 16 S rDNA amplicons revealed notable differences in bacterial community composition between consortia A and B augmented soil, with Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum. Taxonomic composition of soil microbiome predicted enhanced xenobiotic biodegradative potential of strong biofilm consortia (A) up to 20 days, exhibiting a higher abundance of functional genes related to upstream degradative pathway of PAHs, such as naphthalene dioxygenase (nahAa), PAH dioxygenase subunit genes (nidA, nidB), extradiol dioxygenase (phdF) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (nidD). Our study highlights the significant role of biofilm-forming bacteria as "bioavailability enhancers," for high molecular weight PAHs like pyrene, in contaminated soils with their implications for designing future sustainable bioremediation programs.},
}

@article {pmid39884024,
year = {2025},
author = {Xia, C and Liu, R and Zhang, S and Shen, J and Wang, Z},
title = {Fluconazole-induced changes in azole resistance and biofilm production in Candida glabrata in vitro.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {111},
number = {3},
pages = {116683},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2025.116683},
pmid = {39884024},
issn = {1879-0070},
abstract = {Currently, the molecular mechanisms of azole resistance in C. glabrata are unresolved. This study aims to detect azole resistance of C. glabrata after exposure to fluconazole (Diflucan) in vitro. After 50 days of induction, the five susceptible isolates of C. glabrata demonstrated cross-resistance to azoles (fluconazole (Diflucan), voriconazole and itraconazole). Mutations in PDR1 or ERG11 genes are key nodes in azole resistance of C. glabrata. DNA-Sequencing revealed three(3/5) fluconazole (Diflucan)-resistant isolates had undergone missense mutations (R376Q, R772K, E1083K in PDR1 and F135L in ERG11), all of which were newly discovered and previously unreported. mRNA expression of resistant genes in five resistant isolated was elevated, with CDR1 being the most prominent. Analysis using flow cytometry revealed that resistant strains showed decreased R6G uptake and increased efflux efficiency, but no obvious significance difference in biofilm production. C. glabrata acquires azole cross-resistance upon continuous exposed to fluconazole (Diflucan) and could remain resistant without antifungal agents. The development of azole resistance in C. glabrata has been linked to genes associated with efflux pump transporters and the ergosterol synthesis pathway. However, the relationship between resistance and newly discovered missense mutation sites requires further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid39881994,
year = {2024},
author = {Tuan, DA and Uyen, PVN and Khuon, NV and Binh, LA and Masak, J},
title = {Innovative antifungal strategies: enhanced biofilm inhibition of Candida albicans by a modified tea tree oil formulation.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1518598},
pmid = {39881994},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Candida albicans is a significant human pathogen with the ability to form biofilms, a critical factor in its resistance to antifungal treatments. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity and biofilm inhibition potential of Tea Tree Oil (TTO) derived from Melaleuca alternifolia cultivated in Vietnam.

METHODS: The antifungal activity of TTO was assessed by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC), Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC), and Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration (MBEC) using broth dilution methods. The experiments were conducted on C. albicans in both planktonic and biofilm states across concentrations ranging from 0.1 μL/mL to 10 μL/mL.

RESULTS: TTO demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy, with a MIC of 0.1 μL/mL (∼91.217 μg/mL) and an MFC of 10 μL/mL (∼9121.7 μg/mL). It effectively inhibited biofilm formation with a recorded MBIC of 2 μL/mL (∼1824.34 μg/mL). However, MBEC values were not determinable as the concentrations tested did not achieve the eradication of more than 50% of mature biofilm within the experimental conditions.

DISCUSSION: These findings highlight TTO as a promising natural antifungal agent with strong biofilm-inhibitory properties. However, its limited efficacy in eradicating mature biofilms underscores the need for further studies, potentially involving higher concentrations or synergistic combinations with conventional antifungal agents.},
}

@article {pmid39881110,
year = {2025},
author = {Riahi, A and Mabudi, H and Tajbakhsh, E and Roomiani, L and Momtaz, H},
title = {Correction: Optimizing chitosan derived from Metapenaeus affinis: a novel anti-biofilm agent against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.},
journal = {AMB Express},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {17},
doi = {10.1186/s13568-024-01815-z},
pmid = {39881110},
issn = {2191-0855},
}

@article {pmid39880834,
year = {2025},
author = {Xue, Y and Kang, X},
title = {Time-resolved compositional and dynamics analysis of biofilm maturation and dispersal via solid-state NMR spectroscopy.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {21},
pmid = {39880834},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {92478104//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Bacillus subtilis/physiology/chemistry ; *Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods ; *Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry ; Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism/chemistry ; Time Factors ; },
abstract = {Dispersal plays a crucial role in the development and ecology of biofilms. While extensive studies focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing this process, few have characterized the associated temporal changes in composition and structure. Here, we employed solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to achieve time-resolved characterization of Bacillus subtilis biofilms over a 5-day period. The mature biofilm, established within 48 h, undergoes significant degradation in following 72 h. The steepest decline of proteins precedes that of exopolysaccharides, likely reflecting their distinct spatial distribution. Exopolysaccharide sugar units display clustered temporal patterns, suggesting the presence of distinct polysaccharide types. A sharp rise in aliphatic carbon signals on day 4 probably corresponds to a surge in biosurfactant production. Different dynamic regimes respond differently to dispersal: the mobile domain exhibits increased rigidity, while the rigid domain remains stable. These findings provide novel insights and perspectives on the complex process of biofilm dispersal.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Bacillus subtilis/physiology/chemistry
*Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods
*Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics/chemistry
Polysaccharides, Bacterial/metabolism/chemistry
Time Factors

@article {pmid39880641,
year = {2025},
author = {Liaqat, I and Ibtisam, R and Hussain, MI and Muhammad, N and Andleeb, S and Naseem, S and Ali, A and Latif, AA and Ali, S and Aftab, MN and Bibi, A and Khalid, A},
title = {Medicinal Plants Exhibited Promising Potential to Inhibit Biofilm Formation by Catheter-Associated Bacteria in UTI Patients from Lahore, Pakistan.},
journal = {Journal of oleo science},
volume = {74},
number = {2},
pages = {221-232},
doi = {10.5650/jos.ess24212},
pmid = {39880641},
issn = {1347-3352},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Plant Extracts/pharmacology ; Pakistan ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/isolation & purification ; *Plants, Medicinal/chemistry ; Humans ; *Trigonella/chemistry ; *Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects ; *Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/drug therapy ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects ; Ipomoea/chemistry ; Nigella sativa/chemistry ; Oils, Volatile/pharmacology/chemistry ; Thymus Plant/chemistry ; Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects ; Proteus mirabilis/drug effects ; Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology/prevention & control/drug therapy ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; },
abstract = {The current study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biofilm inhibitory potential of six medicinal plants, including Trachyspermum ammi, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Nigella sativa, Thymus vulgaris, Terminalia arjuna, and Ipomoea carneaid against catheter-associated bacteria (CAB). Eighteen CAB were identified up to species level using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, viz., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. T. ammi essential oil and T. foenum-graecum methanolic extract combination exhibited the highest antibacterial activity (ZOI; 32.0) against S. aureus. N. sativa essential oil (EO) showed highest ZOI (31.0; p ≤ 0.05) against Proteus mirabilis at 100 µgmL [-1] . Among 18 CAB isolated, 13 showed mature biofilm formation on 5 [th] day. All plant extracts demonstrated more than 80% antibiofilm and biofilm inhibition activity. A concentrationdependent increase was observed with plant extracts against CAB during antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biofilm inhibition activities. The study suggests that EO and methanolic extract (ME) of tested plants possess promising antibiofilm and biofilm inhibitory potential against CABs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report antibacterial, antibiofilm, and biofilm inhibitory potential of T. ammi and N. sativa seed EO, as well as T. foenum-graecum, N. sativa, T. vulgaris, T. arjuna, and I. carnea ME against CAB from medical setting.},
}

*Biofilms/drug effects
*Plant Extracts/pharmacology
Pakistan
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/isolation & purification
*Plants, Medicinal/chemistry
Humans
*Trigonella/chemistry
*Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects
*Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/drug therapy
Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects
Ipomoea/chemistry
Nigella sativa/chemistry
Oils, Volatile/pharmacology/chemistry
Thymus Plant/chemistry
Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects
Proteus mirabilis/drug effects
Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology/prevention & control/drug therapy
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

@article {pmid39880334,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, JT and Wang, JX and Liu, Y and Wang, JH and Chi, ZY},
title = {Effects of stratified microbial extracellular polymeric substances on microalgae dominant biofilm formation and nutrients turnover under batch and semi-continuous operation.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {420},
number = {},
pages = {132120},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132120},
pmid = {39880334},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) are well-acknowledged to accelerate microalgal biofilm formation, yet specific role of stratified EPS is unknown. Bacterial biofilm stratified EPS could enrich phosphorus, whether microalgal biofilm stratified EPS could also realize phosphorus or nitrogen enrichment remains unclarified. This study investigated microalgae dominant biofilm growth characteristics and nutrients removal via inoculating microalgae and stratified bacterial EPS at various microalgae:bacteria ratios. Soluble-EPS favored biofilm establishment and chlorophyll synthesis, while loosely-bound (LB-EPS) and tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) improved phosphorus removal, and optimum microalgae:bacteria cell count ratio was 1:0.5. Under semi-continuous operation, stable and efficient nutrients removal was observed at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 days. Both nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment by TB-EPS over LB-EPS (respectively up to 7.9 and 23.8 times) were innovatively discovered, with enhanced nutrients turnover efficiency at higher HRTs. This study provided direct evidences regarding the role of stratified EPS on microalgal biofilm development and nutrients turnover.},
}

@article {pmid39879107,
year = {2025},
author = {Akter, S and Rahman, MA and Ashrafudoulla, M and Mahamud, AGMSU and Chowdhury, MAH and Ha, SD},
title = {Mechanistic and bibliometric insights into RpoS-mediated biofilm regulation and its strategic role in food safety applications.},
journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2025.2458755},
pmid = {39879107},
issn = {1549-7852},
abstract = {Biofilm, complex structures formed by microorganisms within an extracellular polymeric matrix, pose significant challenges in the sector by harboring dangerous pathogens and complicating decontamination, thereby increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the sigma factor, rpoS's role in biofilm development, specifically in gram-negative bacteria, and how the genetic, environmental, and regulatory elements influence rpoS activity with its critical role in bacterial stress responses. Our findings reveal that rpoS is a pivotal regulator of biofilm formation, enhancing bacterial survival in adverse conditions. Key factors affecting rpoS activity include oxidative and osmotic stress and nutrient availability. Understanding rpoS-mediated regulatory pathways is essential for developing targeted biofilm management strategies to improve food quality and safety. Furthermore, a bibliometric analysis highlights significant research trends and gaps in the literature, guiding future research directions. Future research should focus on detailed mechanistic studies of rpoS-mediated biofilm regulation, the development of specific rpoS inhibitors, and innovative approaches like biofilm-resistant surface coatings. This knowledge can lead to more effective contamination prevention and overall food safety enhancements.},
}

@article {pmid39878825,
year = {2025},
author = {Pereira, DFGS and Nietsche, S and Xavier, AA and Mercadante-Simões, MO and Pereira, MCT},
title = {Biofilm formation by the plant growth promoting bacterium Bacillus cereus (EB-40).},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39878825},
issn = {1678-4405},
abstract = {The objective of this work was to investigate the biofilm production capacity of the isolate EB-40 (Bacillus cereus) in a culture medium for the multiplication of microorganisms and in roots of in vitro grown banana explants. It was observed that the isolate was able to produce biofilms in tryptone, soy and agar (TSA) culture medium and in the roots of explants. The format, architecture and location of the biofilms in TSA culture medium presented an exopolymer matrix formed by EB-40 presented coccoid bacillary cells and fibrillar structures. In roots explants was verified the formation of microcolonies adhered to the root hairs. The information obtained in this experiment allowed inferring the ability of the isolate to produce biofilms and the colonization pattern shown when associated with banana tree roots.},
}

@article {pmid39878466,
year = {2025},
author = {Fung, BL and Visick, KL},
title = {LitR and its quorum-sensing regulators modulate biofilm formation by Vibrio fischeri.},
journal = {Journal of bacteriology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0047624},
doi = {10.1128/jb.00476-24},
pmid = {39878466},
issn = {1098-5530},
abstract = {Quorum sensing controls numerous processes ranging from the production of virulence factors to biofilm formation. Biofilms, communities of bacteria that are attached to one another and/or a surface, are common in nature, and when they form, they can produce a quorum of bacteria. One model system to study biofilms is the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which forms a biofilm that promotes the colonization of its symbiotic host. Many factors promote V. fischeri biofilm formation in vitro, including the symbiosis polysaccharide (SYP) and cellulose, but the role of quorum sensing is currently understudied. Recently, a quorum-sensing-dependent transcription factor, LitR, was shown to negatively influence V. fischeri biofilm formation in the context of a biofilm-overproducing strain. To better understand the importance of LitR, we identified conditions in which the impact of LitR on biofilm formation could be observed in an otherwise wild-type strain and then investigated its role and the roles of upstream quorum regulators in biofilm phenotypes. In static conditions, LitR and its upstream quorum regulators, including autoinducer synthases LuxS and AinS, contributed to control over biofilms that were both SYP and cellulose dependent. In shaking liquid conditions, LitR and AinS contributed to control over biofilms that were primarily cellulose dependent. LitR modestly inhibited cellulose transcription in a manner that depended on the transcription factor VpsR. These findings expand our understanding of LitR and the quorum-sensing pathway in the physiology of V. fischeri and illuminate negative control mechanisms that prevent robust biofilm formation by wild-type V. fischeri under laboratory conditions.IMPORTANCEQuorum sensing is a key regulatory mechanism that controls diverse phenotypes in numerous bacteria, including Vibrio fischeri. In many microbes, quorum sensing has been shown to control biofilm formation, yet in V. fischeri, the link between quorum sensing and biofilm formation has been understudied. This study fills that knowledge gap by identifying roles for the quorum sensing-controlled transcription factor, LitR, and its upstream quorum-sensing regulators, including the autoinducer synthases AinS and LuxS, in inhibiting biofilm formation under specific conditions. It also determined that LitR inhibits the transcription of genes required for cellulose biosynthesis. This work thus expands our understanding of the complex control over biofilm regulation.},
}

@article {pmid39877654,
year = {2024},
author = {Kulig, K and Wronowska, E and Juszczak, M and Zawrotniak, M and Karkowska-Kuleta, J and Rapala-Kozik, M},
title = {Host cell responses to Candida albicans biofilm-derived extracellular vesicles.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1499461},
pmid = {39877654},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; *Candida albicans/physiology/pathogenicity ; *Biofilms/growth & development ; Humans ; Animals ; *Macrophages/microbiology/immunology ; *Host-Pathogen Interactions ; *Cytokines/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/microbiology ; THP-1 Cells ; Phagocytosis ; Candidiasis/microbiology/immunology ; A549 Cells ; Cell Line ; Larva/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Candida albicans is a prevalent fungal pathogen responsible for infections in humans. As described recently, nanometer-sized extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by C. albicans play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of infection by facilitating host inflammatory responses and intercellular communication. This study investigates the functional properties of EVs released by biofilms formed by two C. albicans strains-3147 (ATCC 10231) and SC5314-in eliciting host responses. We demonstrate the capability of C. albicans EVs to trigger reactions in human epithelial and immune cells. The involvement of EVs in pathogenesis was evidenced from the initial stages of infection, specifically in adherence to epithelial cells. We further established the capacity of these EVs to induce cytokine production in the epithelial A549 cell line, THP-1 macrophage-like cells, and blood-derived monocytes differentiated into macrophages. Internalization of EVs by THP-1 macrophage-like cells was confirmed, identifying macropinocytosis and phagocytosis as the most probable mechanisms, as demonstrated using various inhibitors that target potential vesicle uptake pathways in human cells. Additionally, C. albicans EVs and their cargo were identified as chemoattractants for blood-derived neutrophils. After verification of the in vivo effect of biofilm-derived EVs on the host, using Galleria mellonella larvae as an alternative model, it was demonstrated that vesicles from C. albicans SC5314 increased mortality in the injected larvae. In conclusion, for both types of EVs a predominantly pro-inflammatory effect on host was observed, highlighting their significant role in the inflammatory response during C. albicans infection.},
}

*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism
*Candida albicans/physiology/pathogenicity
*Biofilms/growth & development
Humans
Animals
*Macrophages/microbiology/immunology
*Host-Pathogen Interactions
*Cytokines/metabolism
Epithelial Cells/microbiology
THP-1 Cells
Phagocytosis
Candidiasis/microbiology/immunology
A549 Cells
Cell Line
Larva/microbiology

@article {pmid39875714,
year = {2025},
author = {Sağsöz, NP and Güven, L and Gür, B and Sezer, CV and Cengiz, M and Orhan, F and Barış, Ö},
title = {Different essential oils can inhibit Candida albicans biofilm formation on acrylic resin by suppressing aspartic proteinase: In vitro and in silico approaches.},
journal = {Clinical oral investigations},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {94},
pmid = {39875714},
issn = {1436-3771},
mesh = {*Oils, Volatile/pharmacology ; *Candida albicans/drug effects ; *Biofilms/drug effects ; *Aspartic Acid Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; *Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry ; *Acrylic Resins/chemistry/pharmacology ; Cymbopogon/chemistry ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Syzygium/chemistry ; Computer Simulation ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cymbopogon martini, Syzygium aromaticum, and Cupressus sempervirens are used for antimicrobial purposes in the worldwide. Both their extracts and essential oil contents are rich in active ingredients.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Cymbopogon martini essential oil (CMEO), Syzygium aromaticum essential oil (SAEO) and Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (CSEO) on Candida albicans biofilm formation on heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) samples in vitro and in silico.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Essential oil contents with anticandidal potential were determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Following C. albicans adhesion, PMMA samples were treated independently with Corega[®] and each essential oil. The anticandidal activity of the essential oils was determined by spectrophotometric absorbance measurement at 600 nm, taking into account the cultures of each sample. The cytotoxicity evaluation of essential oils was performed by MTT Colorimetric assay. The software package AutoDockTools (1.5.6) was used for the in silico studies. The effect of essential oil content on the inhibition of Secreted aspartic proteinase (SAP2) was evaluated considering the Ligand@SAP2 complex formation.

RESULTS: 2% of CMEO and 5% of SAEO exhibited higher anticandidal activity than Corega[®] (p < 0.05), whereas Corega[®] had higher anticandidal activity than 2% and 5% of CSEO (p < 0.05). The cytotoxicity of essential oils on NIH/3T3 cells after 24 h was found to be 2.41 for CSEO, 2.84 for CMEO, and 2.85 µg/mL for SAEO. The results of the in silico study showed that citronellol from CMEO, chavibetol (m-eugenol) from SAEO and β-pinene from CSEO each had the highest effect on the inhibition of SAP2. The highest binding affinity value was found for citronellol at -5.3 kcal/mol.

CONCLUSIONS: The biofilm formation of C. albicans onto acrylic resin was inhibited by CMEO, SAEO and CSEO at a concentration of 2% through in vitro assay. The most effective inhibition was determined to be due to citronellol in CMEO through in silico analysis.},
}

*Oils, Volatile/pharmacology
*Candida albicans/drug effects
*Biofilms/drug effects
*Aspartic Acid Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors
*Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
*Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemistry
*Acrylic Resins/chemistry/pharmacology
Cymbopogon/chemistry
Antifungal Agents/pharmacology
In Vitro Techniques
Syzygium/chemistry
Computer Simulation
Mice
Microbial Sensitivity Tests

@article {pmid39873514,
year = {2025},
author = {Mundodi, V and Choudhary, S and Smith, AD and Kadosh, D},
title = {Ribosome profiling reveals differences in global translational vs transcriptional gene expression changes during early Candida albicans biofilm formation.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0219524},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02195-24},
pmid = {39873514},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Candida albicans, a major human fungal pathogen, can form biofilms on a variety of inert and biological surfaces. C. albicans biofilms allow for immune evasion, are highly resistant to antifungal therapies, and represent a significant complication for a wide variety of immunocompromised patients in clinical settings. While transcriptional regulators and global transcriptional profiles of C. albicans biofilm formation have been well-characterized, much less is known about translational regulation of this important C. albicans virulence property. Here, using ribosome profiling, we define the first global translational profile of genes that are expressed during early biofilm development in a human fungal pathogen, C. albicans. We show that C. albicans biofilm formation involves altered translational regulation of genes and gene classes associated with protein synthesis, pathogenesis, transport, plasma membrane, polarized growth, cell cycle, secretion, and signal transduction. Interestingly, while similar, but not identical, classes of genes showed transcriptional alterations during early C. albicans biofilm development, we observed very little overlap between specific genes that are upregulated or downregulated at the translational vs transcriptional levels. Our results suggest that distinct translational mechanisms play an important role in regulating early biofilm development of a major human fungal pathogen. These mechanisms, in turn, could serve as potential targets for novel antifungal strategies.IMPORTANCEThe major human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is known to form biofilms or complex aggregated microbial communities encased in an extracellular matrix. These biofilms allow C. albicans to escape detection by the immune system as well as resist a variety of antifungal drugs. In this study, we define the first global profile of genes that show altered translation during C. albicans biofilm formation. These genes are involved in a variety of key cellular processes, including polarized growth, pathogenesis, transport, protein synthesis, cell cycle, plasma membrane, signal transduction, and secretion. Interestingly, while similar classes of genes are induced at both the transcriptional and translational levels during early C. albicans biofilm formation, we observed very little overlap among specific genes with altered transcription and translation. Our results suggest that C. albicans biofilm formation is controlled by distinct translational mechanisms, which could potentially be targeted by novel antifungal drugs.},
}

@article {pmid39873503,
year = {2025},
author = {Albano, C and Nabawy, A and Tran, WC and Prithviraj, M and Kado, T and Hassan, MA and Makabenta, JMV and Rotello, VM and Morita, YS},
title = {Effective killing of Mycobacterium abscessus biofilm by nanoemulsion delivery of plant phytochemicals.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0216624},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.02166-24},
pmid = {39873503},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Mycobacterium is an acid-fast, aerobic, non-motile, and biofilm-forming bacterium. The increasing prevalence of mycobacterial infections makes it necessary to find new methods to combat the resistance of bacteria to conventional antibiotics. Mycobacterium abscessus is an emerging pathogen that is intrinsically drug resistant due to several factors, including an impermeable cell envelope, drug efflux pumps, target-modifying enzymes, and the ability to form thick, robust biofilms. Phytochemicals are promising antimicrobials; however, their poor solubility in water and their inability to penetrate biofilms render them inefficient in killing bacterial biofilms. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of polymer-stabilized phytochemical nanoemulsions in killing M. abscessus biofilms. These nanoemulsions improve the solubility and stability of the phytochemicals and enable biofilm penetration and eradication. We show that the phytochemical emulsions effectively eliminated M. abscessus in an in vitro biofilm model and killed non-replicating persister cells in the Wayne hypoxia model. These nanoemulsions were also effective in vivo in a wound infection model. These findings demonstrate the potential of polymer-stabilized phytochemical nanoemulsions as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics for the treatment of mycobacterial infections.

IMPORTANCE: Mycobacterium abscessus is among the opportunistic bacterial pathogens that cause nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. The infection caused by M. abscessus is difficult to treat because the bacterium is resistant to many of the currently available antibiotics, limiting chemotherapeutic strategies. Furthermore, it forms biofilms in clinically relevant settings, making the infection difficult to treat. Many phytochemicals have potent antimicrobial activities, but their hydrophobicity limits clinical applications. In this study, we tested a new drug delivery strategy where hydrophobic plant phytochemicals were emulsified with a biodegradable nanosponge. We show that the emulsification makes phytochemicals such as carvacrol and eugenol more effective against M. abscessus biofilms. We further demonstrate that nanoemulsified phytochemicals can kill hypoxia-induced dormant M. abscessus and effectively improve skin wound infection in mice. Our data pave the way to use phytochemical nanosponge as a platform to create synergy by combining other antimycobacterial drugs.},
}

@article {pmid39871625,
year = {2025},
author = {Schandl, S and Osondu-Chuka, G and Guagliano, G and Perak, S and Petrini, P and Briatico-Vangosa, F and Reimhult, E and Guillaume, O},
title = {Acetylation of alginate enables the production of inks that mimic the chemical properties of P. aeruginosa biofilm.},
journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39871625},
issn = {2050-7518},
abstract = {The reason why certain bacteria, e.g., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), produce acetylated alginate (Alg) in their biofilms remains one of the most intriguing facts in microbiology. Being the main structural component of the secreted biofilm, like the one formed in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, Alg plays a crucial role in protecting the bacteria from environmental stress and potential threats. Nonetheless, to investigate the PA biofilm environment and its lack of susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, the currently developed in vitro biofilm models use native seaweed Alg, which is a non-acetylated Alg. The role of the acetyl side group on the backbone of bacterial Alg has never been elucidated, and the transposition of experimental results obtained from such systems to clinical conditions (e.g., to treat CF-infection) may be hazardous. We systematically investigated the influence of acetylation on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of Alg in solution and Ca[2+]-crosslinked hydrogels. Furthermore, we assessed how the acetylation influenced the interaction of Alg with tobramycin, a common aminoglycoside antibiotic for PA. Our study revealed that the degree of acetylation directly impacts the viscosity and Young's Modulus of Alg in a pH-dependent manner. Acetylation increased the mesh size in biofilm-like Alg hydrogels, directly influencing antibiotic penetration. Our results provide essential insights to create more clinically relevant in vitro infection models to test the efficacy of new drugs or to better understand the 3D microenvironment of PA biofilms.},
}

@article {pmid39871438,
year = {2025},
author = {Guo, N and Wang, S and Whitfield, CT and Batchelor, WD and Wang, Y and Blersch, D and Higgins, BT and Feng, Y and Liles, MR and de-Bashan, LE and Wang, Y and Ma, Y},
title = {High-Efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Unveils Biofilm Insights and Enhances Antimicrobial Activity in Bacillus velezensis FZB42.},
journal = {Biotechnology and bioengineering},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/bit.28933},
pmid = {39871438},
issn = {1097-0290},
support = {//National Institute of Food and Agriculture./ ; },
abstract = {Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is a prominent plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium and biocontrol agent known for producing a wide array of antimicrobial compounds. The capability to genetically manipulate this strain would facilitate understanding its metabolism and enhancing its sustainable agriculture applications. In this study, we report the first successful implementation of high-efficiency CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing in B. velezensis FZB42, enabling targeted genetic modifications to gain insights into its plant growth-promotion and biocontrol properties. Deletion of the slrR gene, a key regulator of biofilm formation, resulted in significant alterations in biofilm structure and development, as demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and quantitative biofilm assays. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of biofilm formation, which are critical for root colonization and plant growth promotion. Additionally, we overexpressed the bac gene cluster responsible for bacilysin biosynthesis by replacing its native promoter with the strong constitutive promoter P43 and integrating an additional copy of the bacG gene. This genetic manipulation led to a 2.7-fold increase in bacB gene expression and significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus diolivorans. The successful implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system for genome editing in FZB42 provides a valuable tool for genetic engineering, with the potential to improve its biocontrol efficacy and broaden its applications in agriculture and other biotechnology areas. Our principles and procedures are broadly applicable to other agriculturally significant microorganisms.},
}

@article {pmid39871158,
year = {2025},
author = {Varin-Simon, J and Colin, M and Velard, F and Tang-Fichaux, M and Ohl, X and Mongaret, C and Gangloff, SC and Reffuveille, F},
title = {Correction: Cutibacterium acnes biofilm formation is influenced by bone microenvironment, implant surfaces and bacterial internalization.},
journal = {BMC microbiology},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {48},
pmid = {39871158},
issn = {1471-2180},
}

@article {pmid39868561,
year = {2025},
author = {de Almeida, VF and Urzêdo, JE and Velikkakam, T and Alves Moreira, GPC and da Fonseca, SCR and Bastos, CM and Royer, S and Dias, VL and Almeida Junior, ER and Martins Aires, CA and Maciel, MAV and Ferro Cavalcanti, IM and Gontijo-Filho, PP and Ribas, RM},
title = {Effector genes of type III secretion system and biofilm formation in virulent Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates carrying bla KPC-2 and bla PDC-5 genes in hospital environment.},
journal = {Journal of medical microbiology},
volume = {74},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/jmm.0.001956},
pmid = {39868561},
issn = {1473-5644},
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/physiology ; *beta-Lactamases/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; *Type III Secretion Systems/genetics/metabolism ; *Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology ; Brazil ; Hospitals ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Carbapenems/pharmacology ; Virulence/genetics ; Genotype ; },
abstract = {Introduction. In critically ill patients, the occurrence of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is a significant concern, given its ability to acquire multidrug-resistant, form biofilms and secrete toxic effectors.Hypothesis or Gap Statement. In Brazil, limited data are available regarding the prevalence of dissemination, and the impact of the type III secretion system (T3SS) on toxin production and biofilm formation in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.Aim. This study investigates the dissemination of virulent P. aeruginosa harbouring the bla KPC-2 and bla PDC-5 genes, the presence of T3SS genes and their biofilm-forming capability.Methodology. A total of 128 non-duplicate clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) from different sources collected from eight hospitals were examined. Detection was performed by PCR of the T3SS genes (exoU, exoT, exoS and exoY), carbapenemases (bla KPC, bla GIM and bla NDM) and beta-lactamase gene (bla PDC). PFGE and phenotypic biofilm production (initial adhesion assay and biofilm cell concentration) were performed.Results. We found exoT[+] (86%) to be the most frequent genotypic variant, followed by exoY[+] (61%). Notably, a substantial proportion of isolates exhibited the simultaneous presence of exoU[+] and exoS[+] genes, along with a high prevalence of bla KPC-2 [+] (64%) and bla PDC-5 [+] (64%) among the disseminated clones in the evaluated region. Additionally, 78% of the isolates demonstrated biofilm-forming capability, and two distinct clonal profiles were identified and disseminated both intra- and inter-hospital. Also, it was revealed that the exoU genotype was significantly more frequent among multidrug-resistant strains.Conclusion. These findings underscore the ability of multiple virulent and biofilm-producing clones of CRPA to propagate effectively.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity/physiology
*beta-Lactamases/genetics/metabolism
Humans
*Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism
*Type III Secretion Systems/genetics/metabolism
*Pseudomonas Infections/microbiology
Brazil
Hospitals
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial/genetics
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
Carbapenems/pharmacology
Virulence/genetics
Genotype

@article {pmid39868500,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, G and Chen, W and Guan, H and Lai, Z and Shao, C and AnshanShan, },
title = {Dendritic Antifungal Peptides as Potent Agents against Drug-Resistant Candida albicans and Biofilm.},
journal = {Journal of medicinal chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c02598},
pmid = {39868500},
issn = {1520-4804},
abstract = {Candida albicans infection is a major public health problem, exacerbated by the emergence of drug-resistant fungi with the widespread use of antifungal drugs. Therefore, the development of novel antifungal drugs for drug-resistant C. albicans infections is crucial. We constructed a series of dendritic antifungal peptides (AFPs) with different chain lengths of fatty acids as hydrophobic ends and 2 or 3 protease-stable repeats (Arg-Pro) as dendritic peptide branches. Among them, C4-3RP exhibited excellent antidrug-resistant fungal and biofilm activity (GMall = 5.04 μM) and was nontoxic. Furthermore, C4-3RP demonstrated high protease stability and salt ion tolerance, making it highly effective in murine skin infection mediated by C. albicans. In addition, C4-3RP uses multiple mechanisms of action to achieve excellent antifungal effects. In conclusion, the construction of dendritic peptides holds substantial potential in the treatment of fungal infections and provides a broader perspective on the design of peptide-based antifungal drugs.},
}

@article {pmid39867469,
year = {2024},
author = {Zorzetto, L and Hammer, S and Paris, S and Bidan, CM},
title = {In vitro model of bacterial biofilm mineralization in complex humid environments: a proof of concept study.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1496117},
pmid = {39867469},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Bacteria in physiological environments can generate mineralizing biofilms, which are associated with diseases like periodontitis or kidney stones. Modelling complex environments presents a challenge for the study of mineralization in biofilms. Here, we developed an experimental setup which could be applied to study the fundamental principles behind biofilm mineralization on rigid substrates, using a model organism and in a tailored bioreactor that mimics a humid environment. We developed a simple yet effective method to produce rigid specimens with the desired shape.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: To simulate humid growth conditions, rigid specimens were conditioned with human saliva, inoculated with the chosen model bacterial strain and placed in a chamber with continuous drop-wise supply of nutritious media. The preconditioning stage did not affect significantly the bacteria proliferation, but considering this option was instrumental to future evolutions of the model, where saliva could be substituted with other substances (e.g., urine, plasma or antimicrobial solutions). Two different growth media were used: a control medium with nutritious substances and a mineralizing medium consisting in control medium supplemented with mineral precursors. Both the specimen shape and the bioreactor designs resulted from an optimization process thoroughly documented in this work. As a proof of concept, we showed that it is possible to locate the bacteria and minerals using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

RESULTS: We achieved an in vitro model representative of the conditions of growth and mineralization of biofilms in humid environments on a rigid substrate: something between the traditional solid-air and solid-liquid interface models.

CONCLUSION: Such model will be useful to understand fundamental mechanisms happening in complex environments.},
}

@article {pmid39866782,
year = {2025},
author = {Su, J and Wu, Y and Wang, Z and Zhang, D and Yang, X and Zhao, Y and Yu, A},
title = {Probiotic biofilm modified scaffolds for facilitating osteomyelitis treatment through sustained release of bacteriophage and regulated macrophage polarization.},
journal = {Materials today. Bio},
volume = {30},
number = {},
pages = {101444},
pmid = {39866782},
issn = {2590-0064},
abstract = {Osteomyelitis has gradually become a catastrophic complication in orthopedic surgery due to the formation of bacterial biofilms on the implant surface and surrounding tissue. The therapeutic challenges of antibiotic resistance and poor postoperative osseointegration provide inspiration for the development of bioactive implants. We have strategically designed bioceramic scaffolds modified with Lactobacillus reuteri (LR) and bacteriophages (phages) to achieve both antibacterial and osteogenic effects. Leveraging the tendency of bacteria to adhere to the surface of implants, bioceramics have been modified with LR biofilm to promote bone repair. The LR biofilm, sterilized by pasteurization, prevents sepsis caused by live bacteria and is biocompatible with phages. Phages, being natural enemies of bacteria, not only effectively kill bacteria and inhibit biofilm formation but also readily adsorb onto the surface of bioceramics. Hence, this scaffold, loaded with a phage cocktail, lysates specific bacterial populations, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). More importantly, the inactivated LR biofilm stimulates macrophages RAW264.7 to polarize towards an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, creating an immune microenvironment favorable for inducing osteogenic differentiation of rat mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. In a rat model of infectious cranial defects, the scaffold not only effectively eliminated S. aureus and alleviated associated inflammation but also mediated macrophage-mediated immunoregulation, thus resulting in effective osteogenesis. Collectively, these multifunctional modified scaffolds offer an integrated approach to both bacterium elimination and bone repair, presenting a new strategy for bioactive implants in the clinical management of osteomyelitis.},
}

@article {pmid39866403,
year = {2025},
author = {Saberi, Y and Halaji, M and Karami, M and Jafarzadeh, J and Javadi, K and Shirafkan, H and Pournajaf, A},
title = {Antimicrobials profiling, biofilm formation, and clonal lineage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cockroaches.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {e41698},
pmid = {39866403},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {Cockroaches are widely recognized as vectors for transmitting pathogenic microorganisms in hospital and community environments due to their movement between contaminated and human-occupied spaces. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), is a primary global health concern because of its capacity to cause a wide range of infections and its resistance to many antibiotics. Despite efforts to control nosocomial infections, the role of cockroaches in disseminating antibiotic-resistant bacteria has not been fully explored. This study aims to investigate the antibiotic resistance patterns, biofilm formation, and genetic characteristics of S. aureus isolated from cockroaches in hospital environments. Understanding the role of cockroaches as vectors of drug-resistant S. aureus can contribute to developing more effective infection control strategies in healthcare settings. This study examined 386 cockroaches, including 230 American and 156 German cockroaches. Antibiotic sensitivity, inducible resistance, and biofilm formation were evaluated. The presence of mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, SCCmec, mupA, mupB, and iles-1 genes was determined. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing was performed to determine genetic relatedness. Fifty S. aureus isolates were identified, with 48 % confirmed as MRSA. No isolate exhibited constitutive resistance to clindamycin. However, 96 % of the isolates displayed inducible clindamycin resistance (iMLSB phenotype) when tested using the D-test. The prevalence of icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD genes were 34 %, 8 %, 0 %, and 0 %, respectively. So, 29.1 %, 16.6 %, 12.5 %, and 8.3 % of isolates had SCCmec gene cassettes of types I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The prevalence of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes was found to be 18 %, 16 %, 58 %, and 4 %, respectively. Seven different clusters were found in the RAPD-PCR, with cluster A (5 isolates) being the most common. These results show that cockroaches are important in transmitting resistance factors as mechanical vectors. Therefore, taking sanitary measures to control the insect population is unavoidable.},
}

@article {pmid39865215,
year = {2025},
author = {Amod, A and Anand, AA and Sahoo, AK and Samanta, SK},
title = {Diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in combating implanted medical device-associated bacterial biofilm infections.},
journal = {Folia microbiologica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39865215},
issn = {1874-9356},
abstract = {Bacterial biofilms exhibit remarkable resistance against conventional antibiotics and are capable of evading the humoral immune response. They account for nearly 80% of chronic infections in humans. Development of bacterial biofilms on medical implants results in their malfunctioning and subsequently leads to high mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, early and precise diagnosis of bacterial biofilms on implanted medical devices is essential to prevent their failure and associated complications. Culture-based methods are time consuming, more prone to contamination and often exhibit low sensitivity. Different molecular, imaging, and physical methods can aid in more accurate and faster detection of implant-associated bacterial biofilms. Biofilm growth on implant surface can be prevented either through modification of the implant material or by application of different antibacterial coatings on implant surface. Experimental studies have shown that pre-existing biofilms from medical implants can be removed by breaking down biofilm matrix, utilizing physical methods, nanomaterials and antimicrobial peptides. The current review delves into mechanism of biofilm formation on implanted medical devices and the subsequent host immune response. Much emphasis has been laid on different ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to achieve improved patient outcomes and reduced socio-economic burden.},
}

@article {pmid39864903,
year = {2025},
author = {Sowmeya, VG and Sathiavelu, M},
title = {Biofilm dynamics in space and their potential for sustainable space exploration - A comprehensive review.},
journal = {Life sciences in space research},
volume = {44},
number = {},
pages = {108-121},
doi = {10.1016/j.lssr.2024.08.006},
pmid = {39864903},
issn = {2214-5532},
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Space Flight ; Weightlessness ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; },
abstract = {Microbial biofilms are universal. The intricate tapestry of biofilms has remarkable implications for the environment, health, and industrial processes. The field of space microbiology is actively investigating the effects of microgravity on microbes, and discoveries are constantly being made. Recent evidence suggests that extraterrestrial environments also fuel the biofilm formation. Understanding the biofilm mechanics under microgravitational conditions is crucial at this stage and could have an astounding impact on inter-planetary missions. This review systematically examines the existing understanding of biofilm development in space and provides insight into how molecules, physiology, or environmental factors influence biofilm formation during microgravitational conditions. In addition, biocontrol strategies targeting the formation and dispersal of biofilms in space environments are explored. In particular, the article highlights the potential benefits of using microbial biofilms in space for bioremediation, life support systems, and biomass production applications.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Space Flight
Weightlessness
Extraterrestrial Environment

@article {pmid39863912,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Brien, PA and Bell, SC and Rix, L and Turnlund, AC and Kjeldsen, SR and Webster, NS and Negri, AP and Abdul Wahab, MA and Vanwonterghem, I},
title = {Light and dark biofilm adaptation impacts larval settlement in diverse coral species.},
journal = {Environmental microbiome},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {11},
pmid = {39863912},
issn = {2524-6372},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Recovery of degraded coral reefs is reliant upon the recruitment of coral larvae, yet the mechanisms behind coral larval settlement are not well understood, especially for non-acroporid species. Biofilms associated with reef substrates, such as coral rubble or crustose coralline algae, can induce coral larval settlement; however, the specific biochemical cues and the microorganisms that produce them remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed larval settlement responses in five non-acroporid broadcast-spawning coral species in the families Merulinidae, Lobophyllidae and Poritidae to biofilms developed in aquaria for either one or two months under light and dark treatments. Biofilms were characterised using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to identify the taxa associated with settlement induction and/or inhibition.

RESULTS: We show that light and biofilm age are critical factors in the development of settlement inducing biofilms, where different biofilm compositions impacted larval settlement behaviour. Further, we show that specific biofilm taxa were either positively or negatively correlated with coral settlement, indicating potential inducers or inhibitors. Although these taxa were generally specific to each coral species, we observed bacteria classified as Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Rhizobiaceae and Pirellulaceae to be consistently correlated with larval settlement across multiple coral species.

CONCLUSIONS: Our work identifies novel microbial groups that significantly influence coral larval settlement, which can be targeted for the discovery of settlement-inducing metabolites for implementation in reef restoration programs. Furthermore, our results reinforce that the biofilm community on coral reef substrates plays a crucial role in influencing coral larval recruitment, thereby impacting the recovery of coral reefs.},
}

@article {pmid39863195,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, XF and Wang, P and Dong, Z and Zu, Y and Wang, X and Zhai, Y and Wudong, G and Yang, Y and Hao, M and Zhou, D and Liu, W and Jin, YP and Wang, AH},
title = {(P)ppGpp synthetase Rel facilitates cellulose formation of biofilm by regulating glycosyltransferase in Brucella abortus.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {140022},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140022},
pmid = {39863195},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Biofilms are complex adhesive structures that establish chronic infection and allow robust protection from external stressors such as antibiotics. Cellulose as one of the compositions of bacteria biofilm which protect bacteria from stress, host immune responses and resistance to antibiotics. Bacterial stress responses are regulated via guanosine pentaphosphate and tetraphosphate (p)ppGpp. This molecule has been a target of research efforts to counteract biofilm formation in pathogenic bacteria. However, a role for (p)ppGpp synthetase Rel influencing in biofilms and its cellulose formation has not been identified in Brucella. Firstly, rel mutant significantly decreased biofilm biomass and rendered biofilms more susceptible to most antibiotics. The rel mutant also showed greatly decreased biofilm architectures including exopolysaccharide, extracellular DNA, and lipid. Remarkably, we found rel mutant significantly decreased biofilm cellulose formation. We further combined proteomic analysis to explore the key proteins involved in cellulose regulation of Rel in Brucella biofilm formation. 287 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified and enriched in diverse metabolic pathway between WT and Δrel strains including purine and sulfur metabolism, transcription factors and glycosyltransferases which may be related to cellulose formation. The Q-PCR showed that mRNA levels of only glycosyltransferase (WP_006161578.1) of the 12 down-DFPs had significantly upregulated in rel mutant contrast to WT strain and β-galactosidase assay showed a negative regulatory in rel mutant. Furthermore, Rel-dependent biofilms cellulose was also restored and accompanied by an increase in glycosyltransferase (WP_006161578.1) when glucose was added in TSB medium. Overall, this work expands the role of (p)ppGpp synthetase Rel as an important regulator in biofilm and cellulose formation that is tightly linked with pathogenicity and chronic persistent infections in Brucella.},
}

@article {pmid39863090,
year = {2025},
author = {Che, J and Liu, B and Fang, Q and Nissa, MU and Luo, T and Wang, L and Bao, B},
title = {Biological studies reveal the role of trpA gene in biofilm formation, motility, hemolysis and virulence in Vibrio anguillarum.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107331},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107331},
pmid = {39863090},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Vibrio anguillarum is a pathogen responsible for vibriosis in aquaculture animals. The formation of bacterial biofilm contributes to infections and increases resistance to antibiotics. Tryptophanase and its substrate tryptophan have been recognized as signal molecules regulating bacterial biofilm formation. This study aimed to investigate the role of the trpA gene encoding tryptophan synthase in V. anguillarum through constructing a trpA mutant (ΔtrpA) and its complemented strain (CΔtrpA). The ΔtrpA produced less tryptophan compared to the WT and ΔtrpA strains, with almost no detectable indole synthesis in the ΔtrpA mutant. RNAseq analysis showed that 152 genes were differentially expressed in the ΔtrpA mutant, including 64 upregulated and 88 downregulated genes. KEGG enrichment analysis and qRT-PCR validation indicated that genes associated with bacterial chemotaxis, two component system, quorum sensing and biofilm formation were downregulated. Crystal violet staining confirmed that the ΔtrpA mutant decreased biofilm formation due to the reduced tryptophan and indole. Our studies also showed that TrpA plays an important role in the motility and hemolytic ability of V. anguillarum. Finally, the virulence of the ΔtrpA mutant was evaluated using a Tetrahymena infection model, which demonstrated that the virulence of ΔtrpA mutant was significantly attenuated. These findings provide insight into the role of trpA gene in biofilm formation, motility, hemolysis, and virulence in V. anguillarum.},
}

@article {pmid39861155,
year = {2025},
author = {Hanot, M and Lohou, E and Sonnet, P},
title = {Anti-Biofilm Agents to Overcome Pseudomonas aeruginosa Antibiotic Resistance.},
journal = {Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39861155},
issn = {1424-8247},
support = {no number//Ministère de l'Education Supérieure et de la Recherche/ ; },
abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of world's most threatening bacteria. In addition to the emerging prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains, the bacterium also possesses a wide variety of virulence traits that worsen the course of the infections. Particularly, its ability to form biofilms that protect colonies from antimicrobial agents is a major cause of chronic and hard-to-treat infections in immune-compromised patients. This protective barrier also ensures cell growth on abiotic surfaces and thus enables bacterial survival on medical devices. Hence, as the WHO alerted to the need to develop new treatments, the use of anti-biofilm agents (ABAs) appeared as a promising approach. Given the selection pressure imposed by conventional antibiotics, a new therapeutic strategy has emerged that aims at reducing bacterial virulence without inhibiting cell growth. So-called anti-virulence agents (AVAs) would then restore the efficacy of conventional antibiotics (ATBs) or potentiate the effectiveness of the immune system. The last decade has seen the development of ABAs as AVAs against P. aeruginosa. This review aims to highlight the design strategy and critical features of these molecules to pave the way for further discoveries of highly potent compounds.},
}

@article {pmid39861020,
year = {2025},
author = {Trinchera, M and Midiri, A and Mancuso, G and Lagrotteria, MA and De Ani, CA and Biondo, C},
title = {A Four-Year Study of Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Uropathogens Isolated from Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Southern Italy.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39861020},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Humans ; *Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy ; *Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development ; *Cross Infection/microbiology/epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology/epidemiology ; Italy/epidemiology ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; *Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Prevalence ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Adult ; Bacteria/drug effects/isolation & purification ; },
abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between nosocomial and community microorganisms isolated from patients with UTI by determining their bacterial profile, antibiotic resistance and ability to produce biofilms. A retrospective study, based on bacterial isolates from consecutive urine samples collected between January 2019 and December 2023, was conducted at a university hospital. The main pathogens isolated from both community and hospital samples were the same, but their frequency of isolation differed. Compared with community-associated cases, hospital-associated infections have more isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii complex. In contrast, Proteus mirabilis isolates were more prevalent in community than in hospital infections. In both hospital and community isolates, gram-positive bacteria showed a lower overall antimicrobial resistance (22%) compared to gram-negative bacteria (30%). The data demonstrated that individual strains exhibited disparate degrees of capacity for biofilm formation. Additionally, the data indicate an inverse correlation between biofilm production and antibiotic resistance. Isolates from community patients exhibited lower capacities for biofilm production in comparison to the capacities demonstrated by microorganisms isolated from nosocomial patients (29% and 35%, respectively). Area-specific surveillance studies can provide valuable information on UTI pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns, which can be useful in guiding empirical treatment.},
}

Humans
*Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology/epidemiology/drug therapy
*Biofilms/drug effects/growth & development
*Cross Infection/microbiology/epidemiology
Retrospective Studies
*Community-Acquired Infections/microbiology/epidemiology
Italy/epidemiology
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
*Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Prevalence
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Female
Male
Middle Aged
Aged
Adult
Bacteria/drug effects/isolation & purification

@article {pmid39860971,
year = {2024},
author = {Spiegel, C and Coraça-Huber, DC and Nogler, M and Arora, R and Putzer, D},
title = {Cold Plasma Activity Against Biofilm Formation of Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39860971},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {6318442//FFG Agency/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Plasma Gases/pharmacology ; *Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology ; Humans ; *Staphylococcus aureus/physiology ; *Staphylococcus epidermidis/physiology ; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology ; Bacterial Load/drug effects ; Argon/pharmacology ; Joint Prosthesis/adverse effects/microbiology ; },
abstract = {Periprosthetic joint infections occur in 1-2% of all patients undergoing prosthetic joint surgeries. Although strong efforts have been made to reduce infection rates, conventional therapies like one- or two-stage revisions have failed to lower the infection rates. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown promising results in reducing bacterial loads on surfaces. In this study, we aimed to investigate the ability of CAP to reduce the bacterial load on metal surfaces with varying distances and different plasma compositions below a temperature suitable for in vivo applications. Methods: Biofilm was formed with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 cultures on TMZF discs. Plasma treatments using air plasma and argon plasma were conducted on discs containing the established biofilm while the temperature was measured. During the experiments, the duration and the distance of plasma application varied. Afterwards, colony-forming units were counted. Results: The results of this study showed that air and argon plasma could be considered for applications during surgeries at a 1 cm distance. While air plasma showed the highest efficiency in CFU reduction, the temperature generation due to the presence of oxygen poses a limitation concerning the duration of application. The use of argon as a plasma generator does not show the temperature limitation in correlation to exposure time. The use of air plasma with a distance of 1 cm to the application site and an exposure time of 5 s showed the most effective bacterial reduction while not exceeding tissue-damaging temperatures.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Plasma Gases/pharmacology
*Prosthesis-Related Infections/microbiology
Humans
*Staphylococcus aureus/physiology
*Staphylococcus epidermidis/physiology
Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology
Bacterial Load/drug effects
Argon/pharmacology
Joint Prosthesis/adverse effects/microbiology

@article {pmid39859989,
year = {2025},
author = {Azeem, K and Fatima, S and Ali, A and Ubaid, A and Husain, FM and Abid, M},
title = {Biochemistry of Bacterial Biofilm: Insights into Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms and Therapeutic Intervention.},
journal = {Life (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {39859989},
issn = {2075-1729},
abstract = {Biofilms, composed of structured communities of bacteria embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix, pose a significant challenge due to their heightened resistance to antibiotics and immune responses. This review highlights the mechanisms underpinning antibiotic resistance within bacterial biofilms, elucidating the adaptive strategies employed by microorganisms to withstand conventional antimicrobial agents. This encompasses the role of the extracellular matrix, altered gene expression, and the formation of persister cells, contributing to the recalcitrance of biofilms to eradication. A comprehensive understanding of these resistance mechanisms provides a for exploring innovative therapeutic interventions. This study explores promising avenues for future research, emphasizing the necessity of uncovering the specific genetic and phenotypic adaptations occurring within biofilms. The identification of vulnerabilities in biofilm architecture and the elucidation of key biofilm-specific targets emerge as crucial focal points for the development of targeted therapeutic strategies. In addressing the limitations of traditional antibiotics, this review discusses innovative therapeutic approaches. Nanomaterials with inherent antimicrobial properties, quorum-sensing inhibitors disrupting bacterial communication, and bacteriophages as biofilm-specific viral agents are highlighted as potential alternatives. The exploration of combination therapies, involving antimicrobial agents, biofilm-disrupting enzymes, and immunomodulators, is emphasized to enhance the efficacy of existing treatments and overcome biofilm resilience.},
}

@article {pmid39859390,
year = {2025},
author = {Caldara, M and Bolhuis, H and Marmiroli, M and Marmiroli, N},
title = {Biofilm Formation, Modulation, and Transcriptomic Regulation Under Stress Conditions in Halomicronema sp.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {39859390},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {818431//European Union/ ; },
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; *Transcriptome ; *Stress, Physiological ; Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; },
abstract = {In nature, bacteria often form heterogeneous communities enclosed in a complex matrix known as biofilms. This extracellular matrix, produced by the microorganisms themselves, serves as the first barrier between the cells and the environment. It is composed mainly of water, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), lipids, proteins, and DNA. Cyanobacteria form biofilms and have unique characteristics such as oxygenic photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, excellent adaptability to various abiotic stress conditions, and the ability to secrete a variety of metabolites and hormones. This work focused on the characterization of the cyanobacterium Halomicronema sp. strain isolated from a brackish environment. This study included microscopic imaging, determination of phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, identification of chemicals interfering with biofilm formation, and transcriptomic analysis by RNA sequencing and real-time PCR. Gene expression analysis was centered on genes related to the production of EPS and biofilm-related transcription factors. This study led to the identification of wza1 and wzt as EPS biomarkers and luxR-05665, along with genes belonging to the TetR/AcrR and LysR families, as potential biomarkers useful for studying and monitoring biofilm formation under different environmental conditions. Moreover, this work revealed that Halomicronema sp. can grow even in the presence of strong abiotic stresses, such as high salt, and has good antioxidant properties.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
*Transcriptome
*Stress, Physiological
Cyanobacteria/genetics/metabolism
Bacterial Proteins/metabolism/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling
Antioxidants/metabolism

@article {pmid39859320,
year = {2025},
author = {Fydrych, D and Jeziurska, J and Wełna, J and Kwiecińska-Piróg, J},
title = {Potential Use of Selected Natural Compounds with Anti-Biofilm Activity.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26020607},
pmid = {39859320},
issn = {1422-0067},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry ; *Phytochemicals/pharmacology/chemistry ; Humans ; Biological Products/pharmacology/chemistry ; Quorum Sensing/drug effects ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Antibiotic resistance in microorganisms is an escalating global concern, exacerbated by their formation of biofilms, which provide protection through an extracellular matrix and communication via quorum sensing, enhancing their resistance to treatment. This situation has driven the search for alternative approaches, particularly those using natural compounds. This study explores the potential of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, apigenin, arbutin, gallic acid, proanthocyanidins, and rutin, known for their antibacterial properties and ability to inhibit biofilm formation and disrupt mature biofilms. The methods used in this study included a comprehensive review of current literature assessing the bioavailability, distribution, and effective concentrations of these compounds in treating biofilm-associated infections. The results indicate that these phytochemicals exhibit significant antibacterial effects, reduce biofilm's structural integrity, and inhibit bacterial communication pathways. Moreover, their potential use in combination with existing antibiotics may enhance therapeutic outcomes. The findings support the conclusion that phytochemicals offer promising additions to anti-biofilm strategies and are capable of complementing or replacing conventional treatments, with appropriate therapeutic levels and delivery mechanisms being key to their effectiveness. This insight underscores the need for further research into their clinical applications for treating infections complicated by biofilms.},
}

*Biofilms/drug effects
*Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/chemistry
*Phytochemicals/pharmacology/chemistry
Humans
Biological Products/pharmacology/chemistry
Quorum Sensing/drug effects
Bacteria/drug effects
Animals

@article {pmid39858927,
year = {2025},
author = {Iliev, I and Yahubyan, G and Apostolova-Kuzova, E and Gozmanova, M and Mollova, D and Iliev, I and Ilieva, L and Marhova, M and Gochev, V and Baev, V},
title = {Characterization and Probiotic Potential of Levilactobacillus brevis DPL5: A Novel Strain Isolated from Human Breast Milk with Antimicrobial Properties Against Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13010160},
pmid = {39858927},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {BG-RRP-2.004-0001-C01//European Union-NextGenerationEU, through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of the Republic of Bulgaria/ ; },
abstract = {Lactobacillus is a key genus of probiotics commonly utilized for the treatment of oral infections The primary aim of our research was to investigate the probiotic potential of the newly isolated Levilactobacillus brevis DPL5 strain from human breast milk, focusing on its ability to combat biofilm-forming pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus. Employing in vitro approaches, we demonstrate L. brevis DPL5's ability to endure at pH 3 with survival rates above 30%, and withstand the osmotic stress often found during industrial processes like fermentation and freeze drying, retaining over 90% viability. The lyophilized cell-free supernatant of L. brevis DPL5 had a significant antagonistic effect against biofilm-producing nasal strains of Staphylococcus aureus, and it completely eradicated biofilms at subinhibitory concentrations of 20 mg·mL[-1]. Higher concentrations of 69 mg·mL[-1] were found to have a 99% bactericidal effect, based on the conducted probability analysis, indicating the production of bactericidal bioactive extracellular compounds capable of disrupting the biofilm formation of pathogens like S. aureus. Furthermore, genome-wide sequencing and analysis of L. brevis DPL5 with cutting-edge Nanopore technology has uncovered over 50 genes linked to probiotic activity, supporting its ability to adapt and thrive in the harsh gut environment. The genome also contains multiple biosynthetic gene clusters such as lanthipeptide class IV, Type III polyketide synthase (T3PKS), and ribosomally synthesized, and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPP-like compounds), all of which are associated with antibacterial properties. Our study paves the way for the further exploration of DPL5, setting the stage for innovative, nature-inspired solutions to combat stubborn bacterial infections.},
}

@article {pmid39858865,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, Y and Li, K and Ru, Y and Ma, Y},
title = {Biofilm Compositions and Bacterial Diversity on Kitchen Towels in Daily Use.},
journal = {Microorganisms},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/microorganisms13010097},
pmid = {39858865},
issn = {2076-2607},
support = {22CGA55//Shanghai Municipal Education Commission/ ; 22PJ1411600//Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality/ ; 32202205//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
abstract = {Towels with complex woven structures are susceptible to biofilm formation during daily use. The composition of biofilms formed on towels used under real-life conditions has yet to be studied. Thus, we investigated the color changes, structural integrity, and biofilm development on towels used continuously for 10 weeks by 12 volunteers in specific kitchen environments. Apparent biofilms composed of bacteria and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) were found on all used towels. The bacteria concentrations ranged from 4 to 7 log CFU/g. Proteins were the most abundant EPS, followed by polysaccharides and eDNA. A high-throughput sequencing method was employed to investigate the bacterial diversity on the towels. The predominant bacterial genera differed from towel to towel. Kocuria, Rothia, Psychrobacter, Enhydrobacter, and Pseudomonas are genera of relatively high abundance that may originate from the human body and foods. In addition, correlations among environmental factors, major bacterial genera, physical properties, and biofilm formation of the towels were analyzed, which could provide a scientific reference for maintaining towel hygiene.},
}

@article {pmid39858391,
year = {2025},
author = {Ganić, T and Pećinar, I and Nikolić, B and Kekić, D and Tomić, N and Cvetković, S and Vuletić, S and Mitić-Ćulafić, D},
title = {Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Its Emulsion on Biofilm-Associated Components of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010106},
pmid = {39858391},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most dangerous pathogens, is able to form biofilm structures and aggravate its treatment. For that reason, new antibiofilm agents are in need, and new sources of antibiofilm compounds are being sought from plants and their products. Cinnamon essential oil is associated with a wide spectrum of biological activities, but with a further improvement of its physicochemical properties it could provide even better bioavailability. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the antibiofilm properties of cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion.

METHODS: In order to evaluate the antibiofilm activity, crystal violet assay was performed to determine biofilm biomass. The main components of the biofilm matrix were measured as well as the motile capacity of the tested strains. Gene expression was monitored with RT-qPCR, while treated biofilms were observed with Raman spectroscopy.

RESULTS: A particularly strong potential against pre-formed biofilm with a decreased biomass of up to 66% was found. The effect was monitored not only with regard to the whole biofilm biomass, but also on the individual components of the biofilm matrix such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA molecules. Protein share drops in treated biofilms demonstrated the most consistency among strains and rose to 75%. The changes in strain motility and gene expressions were investigated after the treatments were carried out. Raman spectroscopy revealed the influence of the studied compounds on chemical bond types and the components present in the biofilm matrix of the tested strains.

CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained from this research are promising regarding cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion as potential antibiofilm agents, so further investigation of their activity is encouraged for their potential use in biomedical applications.},
}

@article {pmid39858345,
year = {2025},
author = {Karthikeyan, A and Thirugnanasambantham, MK and Khan, F and Mani, AK},
title = {Bacteria-Inspired Synthesis of Silver-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Novel Synergistic Approach in Controlling Biofilm and Quorum-Sensing-Regulated Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010059},
pmid = {39858345},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections pose a critical challenge to healthcare systems, particularly in nosocomial settings. This drug-resistant bacterium forms biofilms and produces an array of virulent factors regulated by quorum sensing. In this study, metal-tolerant bacteria were isolated from a metal-contaminated site and screened for their ability to synthesize multifunctional nanocomposites (NCs). Rapid color changes in the reaction solution evidenced the biotransformation process. The potent isolated Bacillus cereus SASAK, identified via 16S rRNA sequencing and deposited in GenBank under accession number MH885570, facilitated the microbial-mediated synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and silver-doped ZnO NCs. These biogenic nanocomposites were characterized using UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, zeta potential, HRTEM, FESEM, and EDX analyses. At a sub-MIC concentration of 100 µg/mL, 2% Ag-ZnO NCs effectively inhibited virulent factor production and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa without affecting bacterial growth. Notably, there was a significant reduction in violacein pigment (96.25%), swarming motility, and pyocyanin concentration (1.87 µg/mL). Additionally, biofilm formation (81.1%) and EPS production (83.9%) using P. aeruginosa were substantially hindered, along with reduced extracellular protease activity, as indicated by zone formation (from 2.3 to 1.8 cm). This study underscores the potential of Ag-ZnO NCs as promising agents for combating quorum sensing-mediated virulence in chronic infections caused by multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa.},
}

@article {pmid39858335,
year = {2025},
author = {Paladini, F and Panico, A and Masi, A and Russo, F and Sannino, A and Pollini, M},
title = {Silver-Treated Sutures for the Prevention of Biofilm-Associated Surgical Site Infections.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010049},
pmid = {39858335},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The huge concerns associated with biofilm-related infections in surgical procedures, along with the antibiotic resistance demonstrated by an increasing number of bacteria, have highlighted the need for alternative and effective prevention approaches. The aim of this research was to develop novel antimicrobial coatings on surgical sutures for the prevention of surgical site infections through nanotechnology-based methods.

RESULTS: The results demonstrated that although very low amounts of silver precursor were adopted for the treatments, the silver coating was effective against Staphylococcus aureus and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in reducing the potential risk of infection.

METHODS: Nanostructured silver coatings were deposited onto the surface of polyglactin 910 absorbable braided sutures through a technology based on a photo-assisted chemical reaction. The materials were characterized in order to verify the efficacy of the coating in preventing biofilm formation and in reducing the bacterial colonization of the device.

CONCLUSIONS: As a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, silver represents an important option for the prevention and management of surgical site infections. The silver deposition technology adopted in this work provides an interesting strategy for preventing biofilm formation on medical devices such as surgical sutures.},
}

@article {pmid39858318,
year = {2025},
author = {Rybak, B and Jarzembowski, T and Daca, A and Krawczyk, B and Piechowicz, L},
title = {Genetic Determinants and Biofilm Properties Useful in Estimation of UTI Pathogenicity of the Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Free-Living Birds.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010032},
pmid = {39858318},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Background/Objectives: According to the One Health concept, wild birds can be indicators of ecosystem pollution and disease incidence. Escherichia coli strains are widespread worldwide, but there are still few reports on the association of human infections with a potential reservoir of highly pathogenic human strains in wild birds. Fecal E. coli with uropathogenic potential (UPEC) can be transmitted between birds and humans and may be a risk factor for urinary tract infections (UTIs). Results: The results showed that above 50% of the isolates were grouped as highly pathogenic, according to Clermont phylogroup classification. Such strains were found to be stronger biofilm producers, with a higher adherence of monocytes than low pathogenic. However, the highest cytotoxicity was observed for strains described as aquatic environmental. Convergence of the results of the analysis of monocyte activation by E. coli strains and the ability to form biofilm by individual phylogroups of the strains tested was demonstrated. Genetic determinants of the uropathogenicity of E. coli (UPEC) correlate with the evidence of strain pathogenicity during monocyte activation in in vitro assays. Methods: In this study, we assessed the virulence potential of environmental strains isolated from wild waterfowl using genetic analysis (Clermont phylogroup classification) and phenotypic methods, including analysis of the human monocyte response to biofilm formation. The estimation of the ability to form biofilms was tested using crystal violet, and the pathogenic potential of strains by monocyte activation assay including changes in morphology, adhesion and cytotoxicity. Conclusions: In conclusion, the virulence of E. coli strains isolated from free-living birds is significant, and they can be considered environmental reservoirs of pathogenic strains. According to our observations, they can be responsible for the dissemination of uropathogenic strains among humans.},
}

@article {pmid39858317,
year = {2025},
author = {Facchin, A and Filipe, J and Mauri, I and Tagliasacchi, F and Grilli, G and Vitiello, T and Ratti, G and Musa, L and Penati, M and Scarpa, P and Lauzi, S},
title = {Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm-Forming Ability in ESBL-Producing and Non-ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Canine Urinary Samples from Italy.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010031},
pmid = {39858317},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {LINEA2_SLAUZ_2019_AA//University of Milan/ ; },
abstract = {Background: In dogs, bacterial urinary tract infections are a frequent cause of antimicrobial prescription, increasing the risk of selecting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This study analyzed resistance patterns, the presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and biofilm-forming capacity in E. coli and K. pneumoniae previously isolated from urine samples collected from 133 selected dogs admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Milan, Italy, in 2021 and 2023. Methods: The E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were bacteriologically and genetically analyzed. Results: Overall, 53/133 (39.8%) samples had a positive microbiological culture. Thirty-four E. coli/K. pneumoniae isolates were detected, accounting for 26.5% of the examined samples. The 34 isolates included 28 E. coli and 6 K. pneumoniae. Four (11.8%) were ESBL-producing bacteria, all supported by blaCTX-M gene belonging to group 1. The K. pneumoniae isolates were significantly associated with ESBL production (p < 0.05). MIC analysis showed 11 (32.4%) multidrug-resistant isolates. Biofilm-forming capacity was observed in 23 (67.6%) isolates, regardless of bacterial species, including 20 weakly and 3 moderately adherent bacteria. All moderate biofilm producers were K. pneumoniae. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was significantly more present in strains with moderate biofilm-forming ability compared to strains with weak ability to form biofilm (p < 0.05). E. coli was confirmed as the most commonly identified urinary isolate in dogs. Conclusions: The high presence of ESBL producers and MDR in K. pneumoniae suggests mandatory in vitro susceptibility testing in the presence of this bacterium in dogs with UTI. The association of moderate biofilm production with MDR highlights the need for monitoring and surveillance of bacterial prevalence and resistance patterns of urinary isolates in dogs.},
}

@article {pmid39858312,
year = {2025},
author = {de León Guerra, L and Padilla Montaño, N and Moujir, L},
title = {Interference of Celastrol with Cell Wall Synthesis and Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus epidermidis.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010026},
pmid = {39858312},
issn = {2079-6382},
abstract = {Background: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including Staphylococcus epidermidis, underscores the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Celastrol, a natural compound derived from the plants of the Celastraceae family, has demonstrated promising antibacterial and antibiofilm properties against various pathogens. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antibacterial effects, mechanism of action, and antibiofilm activity of celastrol against S. epidermidis, an emerging opportunistic pathogen. Methods: To investigate the mechanism of action of celastrol, its antibacterial activity was evaluated by determining the time-kill curves, assessing macromolecular synthesis, and analysing its impact on the stability and functionality of the bacterial cell membrane. Additionally, its effect on biofilm formation and disruption was examined. Results: Celastrol exhibited significant antibacterial activity with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.31 μg/mL and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 15 μg/mL, which is superior to conventional antibiotics used as control. Time-kill assays revealed a concentration-dependent bactericidal effect, with a shift from bacteriostatic activity at lower concentrations to bactericidal and lytic effect at higher concentrations. Celastrol inhibited cell wall biosynthesis by blocking the incorporation of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) into peptidoglycan. In contrast, the cytoplasmic membrane was only affected at higher concentrations of the compound or after prolonged exposure times. Additionally, celastrol was able to disrupt biofilm formation at concentrations of 0.9 μg/mL and to eradicate pre-formed biofilms at 7.5 μg/mL in S. epidermidis. Conclusions: Celastrol exhibits significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against S. epidermidis, with a primary action on cell wall synthesis. Its efficacy in disrupting the formation of biofilms and pre-formed biofilms suggests its potential as a therapeutic agent for infections caused by biofilm-forming S. epidermidis resistant to conventional treatments.},
}

@article {pmid39858305,
year = {2024},
author = {Kim, S and Kim, TJ},
title = {Inhibitory Effect of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract and Its Behenic Acid Component on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010019},
pmid = {39858305},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {P0012725//Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology/ ; },
abstract = {Background/Objectives: Inhibiting biofilm formation without killing cells facilitates the physical removal of contaminating bacteria while minimizing the opportunity for resistant bacteria to emerge. Results: The M. oleifera methanolic seed extract contained 1.48% behenic acid, significantly inhibiting S. aureus biofilm formation. Although behenic acid did not affect cell growth, it inhibited biofilm formation in a concentration-dependent manner, up to 20 mg/L. The cell physiology changes caused by behenic acid are potentially unrelated to biofilm formation inhibition, as no correlation was noted between cell hydrophobicity, polysaccharide production, extracellular DNA production, or protein production and behenic acid concentration. Thus, it was hypothesized that the surfactant properties of behenic acid contribute to its ability to inhibit biofilm formation, as a similar biofilm-inhibitory effect was observed when S. aureus was administered 1% Tween 80, a surfactant. Methods: A methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seeds was selected from a library of edible plant extracts to inhibit Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation without cell killing. Conclusions: Behenic acid is a saturated fatty acid that is used as an ingredient in cosmetics and ointments; thus, behenic acid may benefit the skin by inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. aureus, a commensal skin pathogen.},
}

@article {pmid39858289,
year = {2024},
author = {Alluhaim, W and Alkhulaifi, MM and Alzahrani, RR and Alrfaei, BM and Yassin, AEB and Alghoribi, MF and Alsaadi, AM and Al-Asmari, AI and Al-Fahad, AJ and Ali, R and Alhawiti, NM and Halwani, MA},
title = {Effectiveness of a Novel Liposomal Methylglyoxal-Tobramycin Formulation in Reducing Biofilm Formation and Bacterial Adhesion.},
journal = {Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/antibiotics14010003},
pmid = {39858289},
issn = {2079-6382},
support = {RC20/109/R//King Abdullah International Research Center, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia/ ; },
abstract = {Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria presents a significant global health threat. Liposomal antibiotics have shown a potential to improve antibiotic delivery and efficacy. This study aimed to develop liposomes encapsulating tobramycin (TOB) and methylglyoxal (MGO) to enhance TOB activity while reducing bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Methods: Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. Liposomes (Lip-MGO-TOB) were formulated using Manuka honey as a surfactant and loaded with MGO and TOB. Antibacterial activity, biofilm formation, and bacterial cell adhesion assays were performed to compare the efficacy of Lip-MGO-TOB against free TOB. Liposome characterization included analyses of morphology, zeta potential, TOB encapsulation efficiency, and stability under various biological conditions. Results: The Lip-MGO-TOB formulation, at a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 32 µg/mL, reduced the biofilm formation of the P. aeruginosa isolate (PA85) by 68%. Conversely, free TOB, at a MIC of 64 µg/mL, achieved only a 21% reduction. For the K. pneumoniae isolate (KP57), Lip-MGO-TOB inhibited bacterial adhesion to A549 cells at a lower concentration (256 µg/mL) compared to free TOB (512 µg/mL). Lip-MGO-TOB demonstrated sustained drug release over 24 h under tested conditions and retained over 99% of TOB. Conclusions: The Lip-MGO-TOB formulation significantly enhanced TOB activity against resistant bacteria compared to free TOB. Additionally, it provided a stable drug delivery system with controlled drug release. Liposomal TOB represents a promising advancement in combating antibiotic resistance by improving the efficacy and delivery of conventional antibiotics.},
}

@article {pmid39856935,
year = {2025},
author = {Vice, Z and Zhou, Y and Chitlapilly Dass, S and Wang, R},
title = {Microscopic Analysis of Temperature Effects on Surface Colonization and Biofilm Morphology of Salmonella enterica.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods14020268},
pmid = {39856935},
issn = {2304-8158},
abstract = {Salmonella enterica represents a diverse group of pathogens commonly associated with food contamination including red meat. Even though pre- and post-harvest cleaning and sanitization procedures are widely implemented at meat processing plants to mitigate the hazard, S. enterica cells may escape the process by colonizing, on contact, surfaces in the form of a biofilm that functions as an aggregated microbial community to facilitate mutual protection, antimicrobial resistance, proliferation and dissemination. Biofilm development is a complex process that can be affected by a variety of factors including environmental temperature. We developed methods using scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy with a novel image analysis software tool to investigate the temperature influence on S. enterica cell colonization and biofilm formation by directly visualizing and comparing the biofilm matrix's morphological differences under various temperatures. Cocktails of S. enterica strains belonging to serovars, commonly isolated from meat samples, were applied to develop biofilms on a stainless steel surface at 7, 15, or 37 °C. Results of the microscopy analysis showed that as temperature increased, better-defined biofilm structures with extracellular polymeric structures (EPS) could be identified. However, S. enterica colonization and aggregated bacterial biomass were clearly observed at the low temperature (7 °C) as well. These results demonstrate that the environmental temperature significantly contributes to S. enterica biofilm formation as the higher temperatures encourage bacterial active proliferation and biofilm maturation leading to the development of well-pronounced structures, while the lower temperature may promote cell attachment but, meanwhile, limit the EPS biosynthesis and biofilm maturation. Our study indicates that the mature S. enterica biofilms formed under favorable conditions may protect the pathogens with the well-developed 3-demensional (3D) structure against routine treatment. Furthermore, the low temperatures commonly maintained at meat plants are not able to effectively prevent S. enterica colonization and biofilm formation since at such temperatures there could still be colonized biomass that can contaminate the products. Therefore, the temperature effect on pathogen colonization and biofilm development should be taken into consideration while evaluating hygiene standards and sanitization procedures at the processing facilities.},
}

@article {pmid39856838,
year = {2025},
author = {Wu, J and Yu, Y and Liu, F and Cao, Y and Ren, J and Fan, Y and Xiao, X},
title = {γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Metabolic Bypass Plays a Crucial Role in Stress Tolerance and Biofilm Formation in C. sakazakii ATCC 29544.},
journal = {Foods (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/foods14020171},
pmid = {39856838},
issn = {2304-8158},
support = {32172320//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 2024M750951//China Postdoctoral Science Foundation/ ; 2024B03J1177//Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Project/ ; GZC20230847//National funded postdoctoral researcher program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen characterized by its robust stress tolerance and ability to form biofilms, which facilitates its survival in powdered infant formula (PIF) processing environments for prolonged periods. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a kind of non-protein amino acid that acts as an osmoprotectant. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of the gabT gene on the survival of C. sakazakii, GABA accumulation, and biofilm formation under desiccation, osmotic stress, and acid exposure. A gabT knockout strain of C. sakazakii was developed using gene recombination techniques. The GABA content and survival rates of both the wild-type and knockout strains were compared under various stress conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe cellular damage and biofilm formation. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The deletion of gabT resulted in enhanced GABA accumulation under different stress conditions, improving the bacterium's tolerance to desiccation, osmotic pressure, and acid treatment. SEM images revealed that under identical stress conditions, the gabT knockout strain exhibited less cellular damage compared to the wild-type strain. Both strains were capable of biofilm formation under low osmotic pressure stress, but the gabT knockout strain showed higher GABA content, denser biofilm formation, and increased biofilm quantity. Similar trends were observed under acid stress conditions. The gabT gene plays a key role in modulating GABA accumulation, which enhances the stress tolerance and biofilm formation of C. sakazakii. These findings provide new insights into the role of GABA in bacterial survival mechanisms and highlight the potential for targeting GABA pathways to control C. sakazakii in food processing environments.},
}

@article {pmid39856776,
year = {2025},
author = {El-Sayed, DS and Hassan, SS and Jassim, LS and Issa, AA and Al-Oqaili, F and Albayaty, MK and Hasoon, BA and Jabir, MS and Rasool, KH and Elbadawy, HA},
title = {Structural and topological analysis of thiosemicarbazone-based metal complexes: computational and experimental study of bacterial biofilm inhibition and antioxidant activity.},
journal = {BMC chemistry},
volume = {19},
number = {1},
pages = {24},
pmid = {39856776},
issn = {2661-801X},
abstract = {The structural and electronic behavior of thiosemicarbazone (TSC)-based metal complexes of Mn (II), Fe (II), and Ni (II) have been investigated. The synthesized metal complexes were characterized using elemental analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, FTIR, and UV-Vis spectroscopy, the computational path helped with further structural investigation. The solubility test on the TSC and its complexes revealed their solubility in most organic solvents. DFT computational analysis was performed, and quantum reactivity parameters of the octahedral optimized complexes were calculated to describe the reactivity via the stability states of the synthesized complexes. FMOs map was generated to confirm similar findings and MEP analysis was applied to elaborate the important electrophilic and nucleophilic sites on the studied surfaces. Also, other important topological analyses such as electron localization function and reduced density gradient, to establish the favorable noncovalent interactions, were studied. In silico molecular docking approach was studied against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus cereus to predict the potent inhibition behavior of the studied complexes. The findings summarized the inhibition prediction of the most interactive [NiL2Cl2], then [FeL2Cl2] complexes as confirmed by the binding energy values (- 7.1 kacl/mol and - 6.4 kacl/mol, respectively). Another In silico results, with gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus), estimated similar results of the experimental finding, where [MnL2Cl2] (- 9.2 kcal/mol) is the more effective predicted antibacterial inhibitor. Fluorescence microscopy was used to examine the inhibition of bacterial biofilm, and the DPPH assay was used to measure antioxidant activity, followed by an understanding of the behavior of the current complexes toward free radicals' removal. The findings observed less aggregated bacterial strains covered with the studied complexes leading to less dense biofilm covering.},
}

@article {pmid39856522,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, A and Zhao, H and Wu, B and Zheng, S and Zuo, L and Wang, M},
title = {[Bacterial biofilm formation of peritoneal dialysis catheter in patients with peritonitis-associated catheter removal].},
journal = {Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences},
volume = {57},
number = {1},
pages = {161-165},
pmid = {39856522},
issn = {1671-167X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Biofilms ; Female ; *Peritonitis/microbiology/etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects/instrumentation ; Retrospective Studies ; Catheters, Indwelling/microbiology/adverse effects ; Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology ; Device Removal ; Aged ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Peritoneal dialysis(PD)-associated peritonitis is a common and major complication of PD and the most common cause of technical failure of PD. The presence of bacterial biofilm may be an important factor leading to refractory or recurrence of peritonitis. To investigate the formation and characteristics of bacterial biofilms on PD catheters after peritonitis-associated catheter removal.

METHODS: The patients with maintenance PD who were regularly followed up in the Peking University People' s Hospital from June 2007 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients who withdrew from PD because of peritonitis and removed the PD catheter in our hospital and underwent the scanning electron microscope examination of the catheter were selected. The general information of the patients, the electron microscope results of the PD catheter and the bacterial culture results of the PD fluid were summarized.

RESULTS: (1) A total of 18 patients were included, 11 were female (accounting for 61.1%). The average age of the patients was (59.1±11.5) years, and the average duration of dialysis was (80.1±47.4) months. Primary kidney diseases were predominantly chronic glomerulonephritis (55.6%), followed by diabetic nephropathy (27.8%), and others (16.6%). The reasons for catheters removal in 18 patients were refractory peritonitis in 11 cases, recurrent peritonitis in 5 cases, and fungal peritonitis in 2 cases. (2) 16 of the 18 patients (88.9%) had catheter bacterial biofilm, and the bacterial biofilm forms were all cocci. Some were arranged in grape-like shapes, and their diameters ranged from about 500 nm to 1 000 nm. The bacterial culture results of peritoneal dialysis fluid showed that the three most common pathogens were Escherichia coli, methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), and Staphylococcus epidermidis. (3) Among the 18 patients enrolled, 13 patients (72.2%) had peritonitis in the past. The causative bacteria of peritonitis in 9 patients were cocci, including coagulase-negative Staphylococci (Staphylococcus suis, Staphylococcus surface, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus warneri), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus (Streptococcus salivarius and Aerococus viridans).

CONCLUSION: Bacterial biofilm formation on the inner surface of PD catheter is common in peritonitis-associated catheter removal patients. Not all PD catheters removed due to peritonitis have bacterial biofilms. Bacterial biofilms and peritonitis pathogens may not be consistent.},
}

Humans
*Biofilms
Female
*Peritonitis/microbiology/etiology
Male
Middle Aged
*Peritoneal Dialysis/adverse effects/instrumentation
Retrospective Studies
Catheters, Indwelling/microbiology/adverse effects
Catheter-Related Infections/microbiology
Device Removal
Aged

@article {pmid39855517,
year = {2025},
author = {Alhadrami, HA and Sayed, AM and Hassan, HM and Rateb, ME and Taha, MN},
title = {Optimized peptide inhibitor Aqs1C targets LasR to disrupt quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Insights from MD simulations and in vitro studies.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {140119},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140119},
pmid = {39855517},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is a critical pathogen, and its antibiotic resistance is largely driven by the quorum-sensing regulator LasR. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and characterization of Aqs1C, a mutated peptide derivative of Aqs1, optimized to inhibit LasR and its quorum-sensing pathway. By introducing a targeted mutation, Aqs1C exhibited enhanced stability and binding affinity for LasR protein compared to its predecessor, Aqs1B. Using molecular dynamics simulations (MDS), the Aqs1C-LasR complex demonstrated a marked increase in structural stability, reflected in reduced root mean square deviation (RMSD) values and lower binding free energy. Electrostatic complementarity analysis showed stronger and more favorable interactions between Aqs1C and LasR. Further, GaMD experiments were able to reproduce the binding state between Aqs1C and LasR, indicating the binding mechanism between them. These molecular insights correlated with functional in vitro assays. Aqs1C effectively inhibited quorum-sensing-associated virulence factors in PA, involving biofilm formation (77.6 % inhibition), pyocyanin production (75.7 % inhibition), protease secretion (61.1 % inhibition), and rhamnolipid production (74.1 % inhibition), at a 100 μg/mL concentration, in a comparable or superior pattern to azithromycin (AZM). Molecular modelling, MDS, and GaMD insights and in vitro assays established Aqs1C as a promising candidate for therapeutic development to mitigate PA infections through targeted quorum-sensing disruption.},
}

@article {pmid39854396,
year = {2025},
author = {Sadanandan, B and Vijayalakshmi, V and Ashrit, P and Babu, UV and Sharath Kumar, LM and Sampath, V and Shetty, K and Joglekar, AP and Awaknavar, R},
title = {Correction: Aqueous spice extracts as alternative antimycotics to control highly drug resistant extensive biofilm forming clinical isolates of Candida albicans.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0318383},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0318383},
pmid = {39854396},
issn = {1932-6203},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281035.].},
}

@article {pmid39854347,
year = {2025},
author = {Guillín, Y and Ortiz, C and Hidalgo, W},
title = {Comparative metabolic study of planktonic and sessile cells in Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076: Elucidating metabolic pathways driving biofilm formation.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {e0317420},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0317420},
pmid = {39854347},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Biofilms/growth & development ; *Salmonella enteritidis/metabolism ; *Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; *Plankton/metabolism ; Metabolomics ; Metabolome ; },
abstract = {Microorganisms tend to accumulate on surfaces, forming aggregates such as biofilms, which grant them resistance to various environmental stressors and antimicrobial agents. This ability has hindered the effective treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella, which is responsible for a significant number of deaths worldwide. This study aimed to compare the metabolic profiles of planktonic and sessile cells of Salmonella Enteritidis using a metabolomics approach. The metabolites extracted from the bacterial cells were analyzed by LC/MS approach. Raw data were analyzed using Thermo Xcalibur v 3.1 software. For data processing, XCMS was used for feature detection, retention time, correction and alignment. The data matrix was analyzed by uni- and multivariate statistical methods (PCA, PLS-DA, Heatmap) in MetaboAnalyst software v 6.0. A total of 121 metabolites were presumptively identified as differential metabolic characteristics between the two bacterial states, and they were associated with their corresponding metabolic pathways. Among the metabolites that exhibited positive modulation in planktonic cells were proline, phenylalanine, which act as precursors of essential metabolites and part of the stress adaptation mechanisms. In addition, putrescine and cadaverine, play crucial roles in growth, stress response, and cell stability In contrast, the most representative metabolites in sessile cells included lysine, adenosine, purines, pyrimidines, and citrate, mainly associated with maintaining cellular homeostasis, stress response and metabolic regulation. Finally, pathway enrichment analysis identified metabolic changes in 11 pathways, predominantly involving purine and pyrimidine metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism. These findings facilitated the identification of potential metabolic pathways associated with biofilm formation in the sessile cells of Salmonella Enteritidis.},
}

*Biofilms/growth & development
*Salmonella enteritidis/metabolism
*Metabolic Networks and Pathways
*Plankton/metabolism
Metabolomics
Metabolome

@article {pmid39852568,
year = {2025},
author = {Koji Uehara, E and Castro de Lima, G and Sardi, JCO and de Figueiredo, LC and Shibli, JA and Asbi, T and Haim, D and Augusto Rodrigues, J},
title = {Next-Generation Dental Materials: Exploring Bacterial Biofilm Formation on 3D-Printable Resin-Based Composites.},
journal = {Journal of functional biomaterials},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jfb16010012},
pmid = {39852568},
issn = {2079-4983},
abstract = {This study evaluated the microbial growth profile of subgingival multispecies biofilm on 3D-printable resin-based composites (PRBCs). A 96-well cell plate cultivated a 39-species biofilm associated with periodontitis over 7 days. Cylindrical specimens with 12 mm high and 3 mm diameters were prepared by the PRBC group (Cosmos Temp-Yller; Prizma 3D Bio Crown; Prizma 3D Bio Prov) and an acrylic resin as control. Further, these specimens were immersed in the well plate to allow biofilm formation. After growing for 7 days, the metabolic biofilm activity was evaluated by colorimetric assay and the microbial profile by DNA-DNA hybridization. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests evaluated each bacteria count and complex group. A greater biofilm formation was observed on PRBC groups than on acrylic resin. The microbiological profile of PRBC was associated with a less pathogenic biofilm, with an absence of a red complex. Acrylic resin showed low biofilm growth, but the biofilm profile was related to periodontal disease, characterized by red-complex bacteria. The selection of PRBC may contribute more effectively to maintaining periodontal health than acrylic resin.},
}

@article {pmid39852472,
year = {2025},
author = {Hernández-Benítez, JA and Santos-Ocampo, BN and Rosas-Ramírez, DG and Bautista-Hernández, LA and Bautista-de Lucio, VM and Pérez, NO and Rodríguez-Tovar, AV},
title = {The Effect of Temperature over the Growth and Biofilm Formation of the Thermotolerant Aspergillus flavus.},
journal = {Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/jof11010053},
pmid = {39852472},
issn = {2309-608X},
support = {SIP 20230236, SIP 20240616//Instituto Politécnico Nacional/ ; },
abstract = {Aspergillus flavus is a medically relevant fungus, particularly in tropical regions. Although its aflatoxin production and thermotolerance are well documented, its biofilm-forming ability has received less attention, despite being a key factor in the virulence of A. flavus as an opportunistic pathogen, which can significantly impact therapeutic outcomes. To investigate the influence of temperature on the growth and biofilm formation of an A. flavus isolate, we compared it on solid media with the reference strain A. flavus ATCC 22546 and documented morphological changes during conidial germination. We examined biofilm formation in both strains across different temperatures and evaluated the susceptibility of this A. flavus isolate to antifungal agents in both planktonic and biofilm form. Our results showed that the temperature can promote conidiation on solid media. Radial growth was highest at 28 °C, while the conidial count and density were favored at higher temperatures. Moreover, we determined that 37 °C was the optimal temperature for conidial germination and biofilm formation. We described four distinct phases in A. flavus biofilm development-initiation (0-12 h), consolidation (12-24 h), maturation (24-48 h), and dispersion (48-72 h)-with the notable presence of conidial heads at 42 °C. Carbohydrates and proteins constitute the primary components of the extracellular matrix. We observed an abundance of lipid droplets within the hyphae of the MMe18 strain biofilm. The mature biofilms demonstrated reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B and itraconazole, requiring higher inhibitory concentrations for both antifungals compared with their planktonic counterparts.},
}

@article {pmid39851994,
year = {2025},
author = {Sadanandan, B and Vijayalakshmi, V and Shetty, K and Rathish, A and Shivkumar, H and Gundreddy, M and Narendra, NKK and Devaiah, NM},
title = {In Situ Aqueous Spice Extract-Based Antifungal Lock Strategy for Salvage of Foley's Catheter Biofouled with Candida albicans Biofilm Gel.},
journal = {Gels (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/gels11010023},
pmid = {39851994},
issn = {2310-2861},
support = {7.1.01/SPP/10//THE KARNATAKA STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KSCST)/ ; },
abstract = {Candida forms a gel-like biofilm in the Foley's catheter (FC) causing tenacious biofouling and severe urinary tract infections (UTIs). For the first time, a spice extract-based antifungal lock therapy (ALT) has been developed to inhibit the Candida albicans gel matrix in FC. Aqueous extracts of garlic, clove, and Indian gooseberry were used as ALT lock solutions and tested against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. Reduction in the gel matrices formation in the catheter was confirmed by Point inoculation, MTT assay, CFU, and SEM analysis at 12 and 24 h of incubation. Garlic was effective in controlling both C. albicans M207 and C. albicans S470; however, clove and gooseberry effectively controlled the latter. As evidenced by CFU assay, there were 82.85% and 99.68% reductions in the growth of C. albicans M207 and S470, respectively, at 24 h of incubation. SEM revealed a switch from the biofilm to the yeast mode and a drastic reduction in cell numbers, with mostly clumped or lysed cells. The study will provide an impetus to the development of novel spice extract-based ALT, reducing the selection pressure on the pathogen and lowering antimicrobial resistance. Further research in this area has the potential to leverage clinical applications.},
}

@article {pmid39850422,
year = {2025},
author = {Jomehzadeh, N and Emrani, SS},
title = {Assessment of biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance patterns, and the prevalence of adhesion-related genes in clinical Staphylococcus aureus isolates.},
journal = {Heliyon},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {e41537},
pmid = {39850422},
issn = {2405-8440},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the biofilm formation abilities of clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains, assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and identify the prevalence of adhesion-associated genes.

METHODOLOGY: In this study, a total of 60 S. aureus strains were collected from urine, pus, wounds, blood, body fluid, and sputum in health centers affiliated with Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Strains were identified via microbiological methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to target the nuc gene. Antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) was conducted via the disc diffusion method. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains were identified by cefoxitin disc diffusion and PCR targeting the mecA gene. Biofilm formation was assessed via a microtiter plate assay, and the prevalence of adhesion-encoding genes was evaluated via PCR. The data were analyzed in Excel and SPSS via statistical methods, with P-values <0.05 considered significant.

RESULTS: Using AST, daptomycin and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics (100 % susceptibility rate). According to the results of the cefoxitin disc test, 48.3 % (n = 29/60) of the strains were MRSA. All the MRSA strains harbored the mecA gene. In total, 32 % of the strains were biofilm producers. Moreover, 56.2 %, 28.1 %, and 15.6 % of the strains produced weak, moderate, and strong biofilms, respectively. There were no significant differences between the MRSA and MSSA strains in terms of the association of biofilm formation with antibiotic resistance except for erythromycin (P-value = 0.0087), gentamicin (P-value = 0.0009), and penicillin (P-value = 0.0009). The most prevalent biofilm-encoding genes were icaA (76.7 %), followed by icaD (70 %), clfA (65.0 %), and fnbA (53.3 %).

CONCLUSION: This study identified MRSA strains with biofilm-forming abilities that possess adhesion-associated genes. The most prevalent biofilm-encoding gene was icaA. To prevent further spread of these strains, regional preventive measures are needed.},
}

@article {pmid39850403,
year = {2025},
author = {Stannius, RO and Fusco, S and Cowled, MS and Kovács, ÁT},
title = {Surfactin accelerates Bacillus subtilis pellicle biofilm development.},
journal = {Biofilm},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100249},
pmid = {39850403},
issn = {2590-2075},
abstract = {Surfactin is a biosurfactant produced by many B. subtilis strains with a wide variety of functions from lowering surface tension to allowing motility of bacterial swarms, acting as a signaling molecule, and even exhibiting antimicrobial activities. However, the impact of surfactin during biofilm formation has been debated with variable findings between studies depending on the experimental conditions. B. subtilis is known to form biofilms at the solid-air, the solid-medium, and the liquid-air interfaces, the latter of which is known as a pellicle biofilm. Pellicle formation is a complex process requiring coordinated movement to the liquid-air interface and subsequent cooperative production of biofilm matrix components to allow robust pellicle biofilm formation. This makes pellicle formation a promising model system for assaying factors in biofilm formation and regulation. Here, we assayed the influence of surfactin and additional metabolites on the timing of pellicle biofilm formation. Using time-lapse imaging, we assayed pellicle formation timing in 12 B. subtilis isolates and found that one, MB9_B4, was significantly delayed in pellicle formation by approximately 10 h. MB9_B4 was previously noted to lack robust surfactin production. Indeed, deletion of surfactin synthesis in the other isolates delayed pellicle formation. Further, pellicle delay was rescued by addition of exogeneous surfactin. Testing reporters of biofilm-related gene expression revealed that induction of pellicle formation was caused by a combination of increased gene expression of one of the biofilm components and promotion of growth.},
}

@article {pmid39848304,
year = {2025},
author = {Sun, H and Sun, S and Wang, H and Cheng, K and Zhou, Y and Wang, X and Gao, S and Mo, J and Li, S and Lin, H and Wang, P},
title = {Phenylboronic Acid-Modified Carbon Dot-Proteinase K Nanohybrids for Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy Against Bacterial Biofilm Infections.},
journal = {Acta biomaterialia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.actbio.2025.01.030},
pmid = {39848304},
issn = {1878-7568},
abstract = {Nanohybrids combining phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (PCDs) and proteinase K have been engineered for addressing the formidable challenges of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against bacterial biofilm infections, overcoming biofilm barrier obstruction, the limited diffusion of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the inadequate ROS generation of traditional photosensitizers. PCDs are formulated for superior water solubility and robust singlet oxygen ([1]O2) production, mitigating issues related to dispersion and aggregation-induced quenching typical of conventional photosensitizers. The conjugation of phenylboronic acid to CDs not only enhanced [1]O2 generation through increased electron-hole separation but also imparted strong bacterial binding capabilities to the PCDs, enabling broad-spectrum sterilization by maximizing the ROS-mediated bacterial destruction. Proteinase K, serving as a structural "glue", actively breaks down biofilms and facilitates the deep penetration of functional PCDs, aiding effective treatment of biofilm infections. In vivo studies confirm that PCDs-proteinase K nanohybrids dramatically accelerate healing in biofilm-infected wounds by synergizing enhanced photosensitization, potent bacterial adherence, and efficient biofilm elimination and penetration. This approach highlights a straightforward strategy to significantly advance aPDT, promoting the clinical adoption of non-antibiotic methods for combating bacterial biofilm infections. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: 1) Phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (PCDs) were designed for enhanced water solubility and efficient singlet oxygen generation through surface modulation, also suggesting that surface modification can improve the inherent photosensitizing activity of CDs by promoting electron-hole separation; 2) The conjugation of phenylboronic acid endowed PCDs with strong bacterial binding capabilities, enabling highly efficient and broad-spectrum sterilization by maximizing reactive oxygen species-mediated bacterial destruction; 3) Incorporation of proteinase K (PK) leveraged its specific extracellular polymeric substance degrading capability, along with the stimuli-responsive release of PCDs from the PCDs-PK nanohybrids, facilitating biofilm breakdown and enabling deeper penetration of PCDs, thereby improving the treatment of biofilm infections.},
}

@article {pmid39846084,
year = {2025},
author = {Santos, TM and Lopes, MET and de Alencar, ER and Silva, MVA and Machado, SG},
title = {Ozonized water as a promising strategy to remove biofilm formed by Pseudomonas spp. on polyethylene and polystyrene surfaces.},
journal = {Biofouling},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/08927014.2024.2444387},
pmid = {39846084},
issn = {1029-2454},
abstract = {The dairy industry faces challenges in controlling spoilage microorganisms, particularly Pseudomonas, known to form resilient biofilms. Conventional disinfection methods have limitations, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives like ozone. This study focused on Pseudomonas biofilms on polystyrene and polyethylene surfaces, evaluating ozone efficacy when incorporated into different water sources and applied under static and dynamic conditions. Biofilm formation and removal were assessed with conventional microbiological and microscopic techniques. Despite variations in physicochemical properties, ozonized water from different sources showed similar effectiveness in removing Pseudomonas biofilms. Dynamic ozone application was more efficient, achieving a 2.35 log CFU/coupon reduction on polyethylene surfaces, compared to a 1.05 log CFU/coupon reduction under static conditions. These findings highlight the potential of ozonized water for removing Pseudomonas biofilms, especially under dynamic application. This eco-friendly approach could serve as an effective strategy to mitigate biofilm-related challenges in the dairy industry.},
}

@article {pmid39845530,
year = {2025},
author = {Fernández, L and Duarte, AC and Jurado, A and Bueres, L and Rodríguez, A and García, P},
title = {Multipronged impact of environmental temperature on Staphylococcus aureus infection by phage Kayvirus rodi: Implications for biofilm control.},
journal = {Biofilm},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {100248},
pmid = {39845530},
issn = {2590-2075},
abstract = {Environmental cues sometimes have a direct impact on phage particle stability, as well as bacterial physiology and metabolism, having a profound effect on phage infection outcome. Here, we explore the impact of temperature on the interplay between phage Kayvirus rodi (phiIPLA-RODI) and its host, Staphylococcus aureus. Our results show that phiIPLA-RODI is a more effective predator at room (25 °C) compared to body temperature (37 °C) against planktonic cultures of several strains with varying degrees of phage susceptibility. This result differs from most known examples of temperature-dependent phage infection, in which optimum infection is correlated with the host growth rate. Further characterization of this phenomenon was carried out with strains IPLA15 and IPLA16, whose respective MICs were 7 log units and a 1-log unit higher at 37 °C than at 25 °C. Our results demonstrated that the phage also had a greater impact at room temperature during biofilm development and for the treatment of preformed biofilms. There was no difference in phage adsorption between the two temperatures for strain IPLA16. Conversely, adsorption of phiIPLA-RODI to IPLA15 was reduced at 37 °C compared to 25 °C. Moreover, confocal microscopy analysis indicated that the biofilm matrix of both strains has a greater content of PIA/PNAG at 37 °C than at 25 °C. Regarding infection parameters, we observed longer duration of the lytic cycle at 25 °C for both strains, and infection of IPLA15 by phiIPLA-RODI resulted in a smaller burst size at 37 °C than at 25 °C. Finally, we also found that the rate of phage resistant mutant selection was higher at 37 °C for both strains. Altogether, this information highlights the impact that bacterial responses to environmental factors have on phage-host interactions. Moreover, phage phiIPLA-RODI appears to be a highly effective candidate for biofilm disinfection at room temperature, while its efficacy in biofilm-related infections will require combination with other antimicrobials.},
}

@article {pmid39844868,
year = {2024},
author = {Ray, RR},
title = {Biofilm architecture and dynamics of the oral ecosystem.},
journal = {Biotechnologia},
volume = {105},
number = {4},
pages = {395-402},
pmid = {39844868},
issn = {2353-9461},
abstract = {The oral cavity, being a nutritionally enriched environment, has been proven to be an ideal habitat for biofilm development. Various microenvironments, including dental enamel, supra- and subgingival surfaces, salivary fluid, and the dorsal surface of the tongue, harbor diverse microbes. These biofilms typically consist of four major layers. Depending on the food, age, clinical state, and lifestyle of the patient, the microbial growth dynamics in oral biofilm varies significantly. The presence of pathogenic bacteria that disrupt the normal floral composition of the oral cavity can lead to plaque biofilm formation, which is a precursor to various diseases. Noteworthy pathogenic bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus mutans, often initiate biofilm formation. Undiagnosed and untreated oral biofilm can lead to severe diseases like periodontitis and eventual tooth loss. Therefore, studying the architecture and dynamics of oral biofilms is essential and can be achieved through image analysis and modern technologies, such as AI-enabled technologies and surface topography-adaptive robotic superstructures.},
}

@article {pmid39842734,
year = {2025},
author = {Jhandai, P and Mittal, D and Gupta, R and Kumar, M},
title = {An Insight into Newly Emerging Avian Pathogenic E. coli Serogroups, Biofilm formation, ESBLs and Integron detection and In Vivo Pathogenicity in chicken.},
journal = {Microbial pathogenesis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107309},
doi = {10.1016/j.micpath.2025.107309},
pmid = {39842734},
issn = {1096-1208},
abstract = {Bacterial diseases alone or in combination with other pathogens lead to significant economic losses in poultry globally including India. One of these diseases is avian colibacillosis which is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC). The present study sought to isolate and characterize using in vivo and in vitro assays E. coli recovered from poultry diagnosed with colibacillosis. A total of 55 E. coli isolates were recovered from tissues of 55 broiler flocks affected with colibacillosis by using standard microbiological techniques, Vitek 2 Compact system and polymerase chain reaction. Out of 55 E. coli isolates, 50 (90.9%) were characterized as APEC by multiplex PCR using a set of five virulence genes. On serotyping, 16 (32%) APEC isolates were serogrouped as O26 followed by O98 (28%), O120 (14%), O11 (12%), O135 (8%) and O17 (4%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of E. coli isolates revealed high antibiotic resistance against imipenem, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin (96% each). Interestingly all the 50 suspect APEC isolates were found to be multiple drug resistant (MDR) and the antimicrobial profiling indicated that these isolates could be classified into 38 resistotypes. Moreover, 10 (20%) isolates were ESBL producers as per phenotypic characterization using combined disk diffusion test. On genotypic characterization of ESBLs, 31 (62%) isolates were found positive for the blaTEM gene, whereas, 34 (68%) isolates carried intI1 gene. On assessment for biofilm formation at 72 h incubation, thirteen (26%) isolates were found to be strong biofilm producers, whereas nine (18%) and twenty-eight (56%) isolates were moderate and weak biofilm producers, respectively. Later, the LD50 of one MDR and strong biofilm producing isolate (APEC-P02) was calculated by in vivo oral challenge study in day old broiler chicks. The findings of this study demonstrated that LD50 of APEC-P02 isolate was 1.12×10[8] CFU/ml. The unexpectedly high prevalence of O11, O126, O98, O120 and O135 isolates suggest that there may be emergent serogroups causing colibacillosis in India. The current oral challenge study seems to be the first of its kind in India to estimate the LD50 of a multidrug resistant biofilm producer APEC isolate in day-old chicks.},
}

@article {pmid39842355,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, N and Li, X and Zhao, L and Lu, ZD and Liu, YW and Wang, N},
title = {Slow sand filters with variable filtration rates for rainwater purification: Microecological differences between biofilm and water phases.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {375},
number = {},
pages = {124210},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124210},
pmid = {39842355},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Slow sand filters (SSFs) have been increasingly applied to rainwater purification in recent years, but the response of SSFs to fluctuating rainfall, as well as the biofilm- and water-phase microecology in SSFs are still poorly understood. This study systematically evaluated the rainwater purification performance of SSFs and compared the bacterial community structure, assembly processes and molecular ecological interactions between the biofilm and water phases. The activated carbon and activated alumina filters exhibited the best performance for NH4[+]-N (18.82%∼64.00%) and TP (>90%) removal, respectively. As the filtration rate increased from 0.1 m/h to 0.3 m/h, the rainwater purification efficiencies of the three SSFs deteriorated significantly, with the enrichment of Tolumonas, Desulfovibrio and Sulfurospirillum, and reduction in Klebsiella and Enterobacter. The community diversity of biofilm phase was significantly higher than that of water phase, and filtration rate was identified as a key factor in shaping the bacterial community in both phases. The interactions of filtration rate and water quality displayed the best and significant (p < 0.01) explanation for microbiome shift, with the higher values in biofilm phase (34.70%) than in water phase (24.02%). Bacterial community assembly in SSFs was determined by stochastic ecological processes, which played a more important role in water-phase communities, with 86.34% following predictions using a neutral community model. The molecular ecological network of biofilm phase exhibited more complexity, lower modularity and more cooperative relationships than that of water phase. Disadvantaged OTUs occupied core and notable positions in the network, with the highest degree and clustering coefficient. Different keystone species were identified in biofilm- (Runella, Aquabacterium, etc) and water-network (Terrimonas) respectively, despite they processed low relative abundances (<0.1%). These results enhance the understanding of microecology in SSFs, and shed new lights on the improvement and promotion of rainwater biological treatment technology.},
}

@article {pmid39842203,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, M and Bai, Y and Feng, M and Wang, X and Ni, L and Cai, L and Cao, Y},
title = {The synergistic antibacterial effects of allicin nanoemulsion and ε-polylysine against Escherichia coli in both planktonic and biofilm forms.},
journal = {Food chemistry},
volume = {472},
number = {},
pages = {142949},
doi = {10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.142949},
pmid = {39842203},
issn = {1873-7072},
abstract = {The synergistic effects of allicin nanoemulsion (AcN) and ε-polylysine (ε-PL) against Escherichia coli were investigated in this study. The combination of AcN and ε-PL synergistically inhibited the planktonic growth of E. coli, with a low fractional inhibitory concentration index of 0.252. AcN/ε-PL treatment remarkably promoted the agent-cell contacts compared to AcN or ε-PL treatment, as evidenced by the larger cellular size and lower absolute zeta potential value. Analysis of membrane potential, intracellular ATP and superoxide dismutase activity revealed that the co-treatment induced membrane depolarization and intracellular metabolic disorders. Laser scanning confocal microscope, flow cytometer, and scanning electron microscope revealed that the membrane integrity and cell structure were severely degraded. Further, biofilm formation, cluster motility, and mature biofilm of E. coli were disrupted substantially by AcN/ε-PL. Finally, the application of AcN/ε-PL in raw beef preservation verified the synergy. Therefore, AcN/ε-PL can be used as a potential bacteriostatic agent in food preservation.},
}

@article {pmid39841058,
year = {2025},
author = {Gao, Q and Yang, H and Sheiber, J and Bartolomeu Halicki, PC and Liu, K and Blanco, D and Milhous, S and Jin, S and Rohde, KH and Fleeman, RM and Huigens Iii, RW},
title = {Identification of 6,8-ditrifluoromethyl halogenated phenazine as a potent bacterial biofilm-eradicating agent.},
journal = {Organic & biomolecular chemistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39841058},
issn = {1477-0539},
support = {R00 AI163295/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM153272/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; S10 OD021758/OD/NIH HHS/United States ; T32 GM136583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Bacterial biofilms are surface-attached communities consisting of non-replicating persister cells encased within an extracellular matrix of biomolecules. Unlike bacteria that have acquired resistance to antibiotics, persister cells enable biofilms to demonstrate innate tolerance toward all classes of conventional antibiotic therapies. It is estimated that 50-80% of bacterial infections are biofilm associated, which is considered the underlying cause of chronic and recurring infections. Herein, we report a modular three-step synthetic route to new halogenated phenazine (HP) analogues from diverse aniline and nitroarene building blocks. The HPs were evaluated for antibacterial and biofilm-killing properties against a panel of lab strains and multidrug-resistant clinical isolates. Several HPs demonstrated potent antibacterial (MIC ≤ 0.39 μM) and biofilm-eradicating activities (MBEC < 10 μM) with 6,8-ditrifluoromethyl-HP 15 demonstrated remarkable biofilm-killing potencies (MBEC = 0.15-1.17 μM) against Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates. Confocal microscopy showed HP 15 induced significant losses in the polysaccharide matrix in MRSA biofilms. In addition, HP 15 showed increased antibacterial activities against dormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb, MIC = 1.35 μM) when compared to replicating Mtb (MIC = 3.69 μM). Overall, this new modular route has enabled rapid access to an interesting series of potent halogenated phenazine analogues to explore their unique antibacterial and biofilm-killing properties.},
}

@article {pmid39840972,
year = {2025},
author = {Zavan, L and Hor, L and Johnston, EL and Paxman, J and Heras, B and Kaparakis-Liaskos, M},
title = {Antigen 43 associated with Escherichia coli membrane vesicles contributes to bacterial cell association and biofilm formation.},
journal = {Microbiology spectrum},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e0189024},
doi = {10.1128/spectrum.01890-24},
pmid = {39840972},
issn = {2165-0497},
abstract = {Bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced by all bacteria and contribute to numerous bacterial functions due to their ability to package and transfer bacterial cargo. In doing so, MVs have been shown to facilitate horizontal gene transfer, mediate antimicrobial activity, and promote biofilm formation. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli is a pathogenic Gram-negative organism that persists in the urinary tract of its host due to its ability to form persistent, antibiotic-resistant biofilms. The formation of these biofilms is dependent upon proteins such as Antigen 43 (Ag43), which belongs to the widespread Autotransporter group of bacterial surface proteins. In E. coli, the autotransporter Ag43 has been shown to contribute to bacterial cell aggregation and biofilm formation via self-association of Ag43 between neighboring Ag43-expressing bacteria. As MVs package bacterial proteins, we investigated whether MVs produced by E. coli contained Ag43, and the ability of Ag43-expressing MVs to facilitate cell aggregation and biofilm formation. We showed that Ag43 expressing E. coli produced MVs that contained Ag43 on their surface and had an enhanced ability to bind to E. coli bacteria. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the addition of Ag43-containing MVs to Ag43-expressing E. coli significantly enhanced biofilm formation. These findings reveal the contribution of MVs harboring autotransporters in promoting bacterial aggregation and enhancing biofilm formation, highlighting the impact of MVs and their specific composition to bacterial adaptation and pathogenesis.IMPORTANCEAutotransporter proteins are the largest family of outer membrane and secreted proteins in Gram-negative bacteria which contribute to pathogenesis by promoting aggregation, biofilm formation, persistence, and cytotoxicity. Although the roles of bacterial autotransporters are well known, the ability of bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) naturally released from the surface of bacteria to contain autotransporters and their role in promoting virulence remains less investigated. Our findings reveal that MVs produced by E. coli contain the autotransporter protein Ag43. Furthermore, we show that Ag43-containing MVs function to enhance bacterial cell interactions and biofilm formation. By demonstrating the ability of MVs to carry functional autotransporter adhesins, this work highlights the importance of MVs in disseminating autotransporters beyond the bacterial cell membrane to ultimately promote cellular interactions and enhance biofilm development. Overall, these findings have significant implications in furthering our understanding of the numerous ways in which MVs can facilitate bacterial persistence and pathogenesis.},
}

@article {pmid39838865,
year = {2025},
author = {Kumar, VB and Lahav, M and Gazit, E},
title = {Correction: Preventing biofilm formation and eradicating pathogenic bacteria by Zn doped histidine derived carbon quantum dots.},
journal = {Journal of materials chemistry. B},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1039/d5tb90012c},
pmid = {39838865},
issn = {2050-7518},
abstract = {Correction for 'Preventing biofilm formation and eradicating pathogenic bacteria by Zn doped histidine derived carbon quantum dots' by Vijay Bhooshan Kumar et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2024, 12, 2855-2868, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3TB02488A.},
}

@article {pmid39837152,
year = {2025},
author = {Panebianco, F and Alvarez-Ordóñez, A and Oliveira, M and Ferreira, S and Lovisolo, S and Vono, C and Cannizzo, FT and Chiesa, F and Civera, T and Di Ciccio, P},
title = {Effect of neutral electrolyzed water on biofilm formed by meat-related Listeria monocytogenes: Intraspecies variability and influence of the growth surface material.},
journal = {International journal of food microbiology},
volume = {431},
number = {},
pages = {111064},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111064},
pmid = {39837152},
issn = {1879-3460},
abstract = {Listeria monocytogenes raises major challenges for the food industry. Due to its capacity to form biofilms, this pathogen can persist in processing environments and contaminate the final products. Neutral electrolyzed water (NEW) may offer a promising and eco-friendly method for controlling L. monocytogenes biofilms, though current in vitro studies on its antibiofilm activity are limited and often focused on reference strains. In this study, we assessed the effect of NEW on biofilms formed by meat-related and reference L. monocytogenes strains on polystyrene and stainless steel. Forty wild-type strains isolated from meat products and processing environments were firstly screened for their biofilm-forming abilities and classified as weak (30 %; 12/40), moderate (55 %; 22/40), and strong (15 %; 6/40) biofilm producers. Twenty-two wild-type and two reference strains were selected for the eradication assays, performed by treating the biofilms with NEW for 9 minutes of total contact time. In silico functional enrichment analysis and the visualization of biofilms by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed. The NEW treatment resulted in a greater average reduction of viable cells in biofilms formed on polystyrene (4.3 ± 1.0 log10 CFU/cm[2]) compared to stainless steel (2.9 ± 2.0 log10 CFU/cm[2]), and a remarkable intraspecies variability was observed. SEM images revealed higher structural damage on biofilms formed on polystyrene. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated elements could be involved in resistance to the treatments. NEW could be a promising additional tool to mitigate L. monocytogenes biofilms in meat processing environments, although its effect varied with surface material and strain-specific characteristics.},
}

@article {pmid39836537,
year = {2025},
author = {Feng, H and Liang, S and Li, R and Wang, H and Cai, R},
title = {Jannaschia maritima sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium isolated from the biofilm of concrete breakwater structures.},
journal = {International journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology},
volume = {75},
number = {1},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1099/ijsem.0.006645},
pmid = {39836537},
issn = {1466-5034},
mesh = {*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; *Base Composition ; *Phylogeny ; *Fatty Acids/chemistry ; *DNA, Bacterial/genetics ; *Biofilms ; China ; *Bacterial Typing Techniques ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; *Seawater/microbiology ; *Ubiquinone ; Phospholipids/analysis ; Genome, Bacterial ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; },
abstract = {Marine biofilms were newly revealed as a bank of hidden microbial diversity and functional potential. In this study, a Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, oval and non-motile bacterium, designated LMIT008[T], was isolated from the biofilm of concrete breakwater structures located in the coastal area of Shantou, PR China. Strain LMIT008[T] was found to grow at salinities of 1-7% NaCl, at pH 5-8 and at temperatures 10-40 °C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain LMIT008[T] belonged to the genus Jannaschia and was closely related to the type strains Jannaschia aquimarina KCTC23555[T] (96.03%) and Jannaschia marina SHC-163[T] (95.31%). The draft genome size of the strain LMIT008[T] was 3.67 Mbp, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 69.83 mol%. The average nucleotide identity value between strain LMIT008[T] and the closely related type strain J. aquimarina KCTC23555[T] was 74.82%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were identified as summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c) and C18 : 0, and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylcholine. Ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) is the sole respiratory quinone. Further, genomic analysis of strain LMIT008[T] showed that the strain harbours abundant genes associated with biofilm formation and environmental adaption, explaining the potential strategies for living on concrete breakwater structures. Based on the morphological, phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characterization, the strain LMIT008[T] was considered to represent a novel species in the genus of Jannaschia, for which the name Jannaschia maritima sp. nov. was proposed, with LMIT008[T] (=MCCC 1K08854[T]=KCTC 8321[T]) as the type strain.},
}

*RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
*Base Composition
*Phylogeny
*Fatty Acids/chemistry
*DNA, Bacterial/genetics
*Biofilms
China
*Bacterial Typing Techniques
*Sequence Analysis, DNA
*Seawater/microbiology
*Ubiquinone
Phospholipids/analysis
Genome, Bacterial
Nucleic Acid Hybridization

@article {pmid39836323,
year = {2025},
author = {Daungsupawong, H and Wiwanitkit, V},
title = {Regarding "Quantitative analysis of Streptococcus mutans, Bifidobacterium, and Scardovia wiggsiae in occlusal biofilm and their association with Visible Occlusal Plaque Index (VOPI) and International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS)".},
journal = {European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s40368-025-01004-x},
pmid = {39836323},
issn = {1996-9805},
}

@article {pmid39832775,
year = {2025},
author = {Zellner, AA and Wirtz, DC and Schildberg, FA},
title = {In Vitro Efficacy of Phage Therapy Against Common Biofilm-forming Pathogens in Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery.},
journal = {Zeitschrift fur Orthopadie und Unfallchirurgie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1055/a-2436-7394},
pmid = {39832775},
issn = {1864-6743},
abstract = {Formation of biofilms by bacteria is a major challenge in a clinical setting. The importance of these biofilms increases in specialties where foreign bodies and prosthetic material are used. Orthopaedics is such a speciality and phage therapy could offer additional therapeutic options when dealing with biofilm infections.We conducted a systematic literature review using the PubMed database. We searched for phage activity against biofilms of the most common pathogens found in orthopaedics.The results of the systematic review were broken down into different categories and discussed accordingly. We concentrated on the time the biofilms were allowed to mature, and the surface they were grown on. In addition, we checked the efficacy of bacteriophages compared to antibiotics and when applied simultaneously with antibiotics. We also investigated the source of the phages, how they were tested for sensibility against the biofilms, as well the conditions (pH, temperature) under which they remained active and stable.The data suggests that the in vitro efficacy of phages does not change under a wide spectrum of temperature and pH. To further explore the use of bacteriophages in orthopaedics, we need further studies that test biofilms which matured for several weeks on surfaces that are common in arthroplasty and traumatology.},
}

@article {pmid39832592,
year = {2025},
author = {Fan, Y and Zheng, J and Tan, Y and Huang, L and Yan, Q and Wang, J and Weng, Q},
title = {Selection of biofilm-inhibiting ssDNA aptamers against antibiotic-resistant Edwardsiella tarda by inhibition-SELEX and interaction with their binding proteins.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {299},
number = {},
pages = {140041},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.140041},
pmid = {39832592},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Biofilms can increase bacterial resistance to antibiotic therapies. Edwardsiella tarda with biofilm is highly resistant to antibacterial treatment, especially for the antibiotic-resistant strain. In this study, we obtained biofilm-inhibiting aptamers against antibiotic-resistant E. tarda via a novel systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique, called inhibition-SELEX. After four rounds of screening and validation, we identified aptamers IB1, IB2, and IB3, which demonstrated biofilm-inhibition and biofilm-degradation rates of 69 %, 75 %, and 62 % and 51 %, 63 %, and 45 % at 2 μmol/L, respectively, against antibiotic-resistant E. tarda. Magnetic separation, SDS-PAGE, and mass spectrometry analyses revealed that all three aptamers could bind to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), while IB2 could also bind to formate C-acetyltransferase (FA). Through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations, it was found that the four complexes primarily interact through hydrogen bonding. Among them, IB1-GAPDH exhibited the strongest stability, followed by IB2-FA, then IB2-GAPDH, and IB3-GAPDH was the least stable. Our results suggest that IB1, IB2, and IB3 may inhibit and degrade E. tarda biofilm by interfering with the synthesis, secretion, and transportation of its extracellular polysaccharides and proteins by interacting with GAPDH and FA.},
}

@article {pmid39832544,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, Y and Wang, X and Liang, L and Yan, K and Huang, Y and Wang, Y},
title = {Community assembly and succession of the functional membrane biofilm in the anammox dynamic membrane bioreactor: Deterministic assembly of anammox bacteria.},
journal = {Environmental research},
volume = {269},
number = {},
pages = {120893},
doi = {10.1016/j.envres.2025.120893},
pmid = {39832544},
issn = {1096-0953},
abstract = {The anammox dynamic membrane bioreactor (DMBR) exhibits potential for efficient nitrogen removal via anammox processes. The functional membrane biofilm in the anammox DMBR significantly enhances nitrogen removal, ensuring robust operation. Nevertheless, ecological mechanisms underpinning the nitrogen removal function of the membrane biofilm remain unclear. We investigated the community succession and assembly of the membrane biofilm communities in two anammox DMBRs utilizing distinct inoculated anammox sludges. Anammox bacteria displayed niche differentiation in both DMBRs. Anammox bacteria Candidatus Kuenenia was selectively enriched to 8.5% abundance in the membrane biofilm communities, contributing to 5.2-7.2% of the nitrogen removal load. Membrane biofilm communities were primarily assembled through deterministic processes. Specifically, the selective enrichment of Candidatus Kuenenia on the membrane biofilms was primarily governed by homogenous selection process, explaining 9.67-9.82% of the variance. The deterministic assemblies of anammox bacteria were mainly influenced by the high substrate affinity of Candidatus Kuenenia and the limited availability of substrates (NH4[+] and NO2[-]) in the membrane biofilms. Furthermore, the relatively weak permeate drag force during the DMBR filtration facilitated the preferential colonization of microbes from the anammox sludge to the membrane biofilm, resulting in the deterministic formation of the membrane biofilm communities with nitrogen removal function. Our findings offer insights into the ecological mechanisms driving the deterministic assembly of the functional membrane biofilm communities in the anammox DMBRs, informing the precise regulation of membrane biofilms for improved nitrogen removal in anammox applications of wastewater treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39831829,
year = {2025},
author = {Xin, H and Cai, Z and Hao, J and An, J and Li, Y and Wen, M and Jia, Z},
title = {Macro/Microgel-Encapsulated, Biofilm-Armored Living Probiotic Platform for Regenerating Bacteria-Infected Diabetic Wounds.},
journal = {Advanced healthcare materials},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2403476},
doi = {10.1002/adhm.202403476},
pmid = {39831829},
issn = {2192-2659},
support = {52201303//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 22205012//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; JCYJ20220530145603007//Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/ ; JCYJ20220531091801003//Shenzhen Science and Technology Program/ ; 2023A1515012951//Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation/ ; 2020B1212060077//Foundation of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Sensor Technology and Biomedical Instrument/ ; 20241A011039//Western Medicine-General Guide Item of Guangzhou Municipal Health Commission/ ; 202201020637//Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Infectious diabetic wounds pose an arduous threat to contemporary healthcare. The combination of refractory biofilms, persistent inflammation, and retarded angiogenesis can procure non-unions and life-threatening complications, calling for advanced therapeutics potent to orchestrate anti-infective effectiveness, benign biocompatibility, pro-reparative immunomodulation, and angiogenic regeneration. Herein, embracing the emergent "living bacterial therapy" paradigm, a designer probiotic-in-hydrogel wound dressing platform is demonstrated. The platform is constructed employing a "macrogel/microgel/biofilm" hierarchical encapsulation strategy, with Lactobacillus casei as the model probiotic. Alginate gels, in both macro and micro forms, along with self-produced probiotic biofilms, served as encapsulating agents. Specifically, live probiotics are enclosed within alginate microspheres, embedded into an alginate bulk matrix, and cultivated to facilitate biofilm self-encasing. This multiscale confinement protected the probiotics and averted their inadvertent escape, while enabling sustained secretion, proper reservation, and localized delivery of therapeutically active probiotic metabolites, such as lactic acid. The resulting biosystem, as validated in vitro/ovo/vivo, elicited well-balanced antibacterial activities and biological compatibility, alongside prominent pro-healing, vasculogenic and anti-inflammatory potencies, thus accelerating the regeneration of infected full-thickness excisional wounds in diabetic mice. Such multiple encapsulation-engineered "all-in-one" probiotic delivery tactic may shed new light on the safe and efficient adoption of live bacteria for treating chronic infectious diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39830521,
year = {2024},
author = {Nielsen, SM and Johnsen, KK and Hansen, LBS and Rikvold, PD and Møllebjerg, A and Palmén, LG and Durhuus, T and Schlafer, S and Meyer, RL},
title = {Large-scale screening identifies enzyme combinations that remove in situ grown oral biofilm.},
journal = {Biofilm},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {100229},
pmid = {39830521},
issn = {2590-2075},
abstract = {Bacteria in the oral cavity are responsible for the development of dental diseases such as caries and periodontitis, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the oral microbiome also benefits human health. Many oral care products on the market are antimicrobial, killing a large part of the oral microbiome but without removing the disease-causing biofilm. Instead, non-biocidal matrix-degrading enzymes may be used to selectively remove biofilm without harming the overall microbiome. The challenge of using enzymes to degrade biofilms is to match the narrow specificity of enzymes with the large structural diversity of extracellular polymeric substances that hold the biofilm together. In this study, we therefore perform a large-scale screening of single and multi-enzyme formulations to identify combinations of enzymes that most effectively remove dental biofilm. We tested >400 different treatment modalities using 44 different enzymes in combinations with up to six enzymes in each formulation, on in vitro biofilms inoculated with human saliva. Mutanase was the only enzyme capable of removing biofilm on its own. Multi-enzyme formulations removed up to 69 % of the biofilm volume, and the most effective formulations all contained mutanase. We shortlisted 10 enzyme formulations to investigate their efficacy against biofilms formed on glass slabs on dental splints worn by 9 different test subjects. Three of the ten formulations removed more than 50 % of the biofilm volume. If optimal enzyme concentration and exposure time can be reached in vivo, these enzyme combinations have potential to be used in novel non-biocidal oral care products for dental biofilm control.},
}

@article {pmid39830519,
year = {2024},
author = {Turner, AB and Zermeño-Pérez, D and Mysior, MM and Giraldo-Osorno, PM and García, B and O'Gorman, E and Oubihi, S and Simpson, JC and Lasa, I and Ó Cróinín, T and Trobos, M},
title = {Biofilm morphology and antibiotic susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on poly-D,L-lactide-co-poly(ethylene glycol) (PDLLA-PEG) coated titanium.},
journal = {Biofilm},
volume = {8},
number = {},
pages = {100228},
pmid = {39830519},
issn = {2590-2075},
abstract = {Biodegradable polymeric coatings are being explored as a preventive strategy for orthopaedic device-related infection. In this study, titanium surfaces (Ti) were coated with poly-D,L-lactide (PDLLA, (P)), polyethylene-glycol poly-D,L-lactide (PEGylated-PDLLA, (PP20)), or multi-layered PEGylated-PDLLA (M), with or without 1 % silver sulfadiazine. The aim was to evaluate their cytocompatibility, resistance to Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation, and their potential to enhance the susceptibility of any biofilm formed to antibiotics. Using automated high-content screening confocal microscopy, biofilm formation of a clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolate expressing GFP was quantified, along with isogenic mutants that were unable to form polysaccharidic or proteinaceous biofilm matrices. The results showed that PEGylated-PDLLA coatings exhibited significant antibiofilm properties, with M showing the highest effect. This inhibitory effect was stronger in S. aureus biofilms with a matrix composed of proteins compared to those with an exopolysaccharide (PIA) biofilm matrix. Our data suggest that the antibiofilm effect may have been due to (i) inhibition of the initial attachment through microbial surface components recognising adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), since PEG reduces protein surface adsorption via surface hydration layer and steric repulsion; and (ii) mechanical disaggregation and dispersal of microcolonies due to the bioresorbable/degradable nature of the polymers, which undergo hydration and hydrolysis over time. The disruption of biofilm morphology by the PDLLA-PEG co-polymers increased S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics like rifampicin and fusidic acid. Adding 1 % AgSD provided additional early bactericidal effects on both biofilm and planktonic S. aureus. Additionally, the coatings were cytocompatible with immune cells, indicating their potential to enhance bacterial clearance and reduce bacterial colonisation of titanium-based orthopaedic biomaterials.},
}

@article {pmid39829200,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, WD and Lin, F and Sun, Y and Zhu, ZJ and Luo, ML and Zeng, YQ and Lin, Z and Zhou, M},
title = {Effect of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin on healing of burn wound with dual-species biofilm.},
journal = {The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e12940},
doi = {10.1002/kjm2.12940},
pmid = {39829200},
issn = {2410-8650},
support = {2022NZC008//Platelet Rich Plasma Gel Combined with Silver Ion in the Treatment of Infectious Diseases Feasibility Study of Wounds/ ; 20QNPY079//Development of Portable Emergency Blood Collection Function Box Group in Field Conditions/ ; B2021019//Inhibitory Effect of Platelet Rich Fibrin on Bacterial Biofilm of Scald Wound in Rats/ ; },
abstract = {This study evaluated the impact of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) on burn wound with dual-species biofilm. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were applied to infect the burn wound in rats to establish a dual-species biofilm model. After infection, the wound was treated with ionized silver (AG), PRF, and PRP. Silver scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess adhesion after infection. PRF and PRP reduced wound size from day 8 after burn injuries, while AG significantly promoted burn wound healing at day 12. New collagen was formed in the shortest time in PRF and PRP groups compared to AG and control groups. PRF and PRP greatly lowered the bacterial numbers in wounds with S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm, whereas AG showed weak bacteriostatic effects. AG, PRF, and PRP treatments significantly reduced inflammatory mediators and induced VEGFA. However, AG treatment increased TNF-α. PRF and PRP accelerate wound healing in the presence of dual-species biofilm infection and show strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, indicating that PRF and PRP could be potential therapies for burn wounds with dual-species biofilm infection.},
}

@article {pmid39828459,
year = {2025},
author = {Cordisco, E and Serra, DO},
title = {Moonlighting antibiotics: the extra job of modulating biofilm formation.},
journal = {Trends in microbiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.tim.2024.12.011},
pmid = {39828459},
issn = {1878-4380},
abstract = {The widespread use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections has led to the common perception that their only function is to inhibit growth or kill bacteria. However, it has become clear that when antibiotics reach susceptible bacteria at non-lethal concentrations, they perform additional functions that significantly impact bacterial physiology, shaping both individual and collective behaviors. A key bacterial behavior influenced by sub-lethal antibiotic doses is biofilm formation, a multicellular, surface-associated mode of growth. This review explores different contexts in which natural and clinical antibiotics act as modulators of bacterial biofilm formation. We discuss cases that provide mechanistic insights into antibiotic modes of action, highlighting emerging common patterns and novel findings that pave the way for future research.},
}

@article {pmid39828045,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, D and Wang, S and Liu, G and Zeng, EY},
title = {Dual intermittent aerations enhance nitrogen removal via anammox in anoxic/oxic biofilm process for carbon limited wastewater treatment.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {419},
number = {},
pages = {132096},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132096},
pmid = {39828045},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {Efficient nitrogen removal after organic capture is challenging through conventional nitrification-denitrification process. Two biofilm-based anoxic/oxic reactors, with a single intermittent zone (R1) or dual intermittent zones (R2), were compared in treating carbon-limited wastewater. Intermittent aeration integrated partial nitrification-anammox (PNA), partial denitrification-anammox (PDA), and denitrification, with anammox-related pathways contributing over 75% nitrogen removal in both reactors. As nitrogen loading rate increased from 0.14 to 0.19 kg-N m[-3] day[-1], nitrogen removal efficiency in R1 dropped from 74.3% to 46.0%, while R2 maintained 76.6% removal at low HRT of 6 h. The dual intermittent aeration strategy improved nitrogen removal capacity by enhancing PNA in the first intermittent zone and reducing effluent fluctuation in the second. Anammox bacteria (Candidatus Brocadia, relative abundance: 0.95-2.48%) were enriched across all zones, supporting efficient PNA and PDA. These findings suggested that dual intermittent aeration enhanced anammox in pre-anoxic processes for carbon limited wastewater treatment.},
}

@article {pmid39828044,
year = {2025},
author = {Carluccio, M and Sabatino, R and Borgomaneiro, G and Cesare, AD and Rizzo, L},
title = {Bacterial community dynamics in a biofilm-based process after electro-assisted Fenton pre-treatment of real olive mill wastewater.},
journal = {Bioresource technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {132095},
doi = {10.1016/j.biortech.2025.132095},
pmid = {39828044},
issn = {1873-2976},
abstract = {In this work, the effect of the electro-assisted Fenton (EAF) process on the bacterial community of a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for olive mill wastewater (OMW) co-treatment with urban wastewater (UWW) was investigated. According to metagenomic analysis, pre-treatment by EAF, while removing total phenols (TPHs) up to 84 % ± 3 % and improving biodegradability of OMW from 0.38 to 0.62, led to the emergence of bacterial genera in the MBBR (R2) that were not detected under conditions without pre-treatment (R1). Indeed, in that condition, Candidatus Competibacter replaced Amaricoccus as dominant denitrifying bacteria. In both cases, the bacterial community composition matched with high simultaneous nitrification-denitrification efficiency (up to 98 %). Finally, Chlorobium (2.5-4.1 %), sulphate-reducing bacteria and Geobacter (up to 1.6 ± 0.4 %), anaerobic bacteria that utilise iron oxides, were observed exclusively with EAF application, suggesting potential for the development of new integrated microbial electrochemical systems.},
}

@article {pmid39828003,
year = {2025},
author = {Xie, D and Xu, L and Yuan, S and Yan, J and Zhou, P and Dong, W and Ma, J and Chen, C},
title = {Synthesis and biofilm inhibitory activity of cyclic dinucleotide analogues prepared with macrocyclic ribose-phosphate skeleton.},
journal = {Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {130107},
doi = {10.1016/j.bmcl.2025.130107},
pmid = {39828003},
issn = {1464-3405},
abstract = {Cyclic diguanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) is the key second messenger regulating bacterial biofilm formation related genes. Several c-di-GMP analogues have demonstrated biofilm inhibition activity. In this study, ribose-phosphate macrocyclic skeleton containing 1'-azido groups was constructed, and CDN analogues were prepared via click chemistry. The biofilm formation inhibition activity of the analogues was evaluated, and compound 17 illustrated better activity than c-di-GMP. This high-throughput strategy could be extended to synthesize cyclic analogues for biological research and immunotherapeutic development.},
}

@article {pmid39827797,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, Y and Gao, J and Wang, Z and Zhao, Y and Wang, H and Guo, Y and Yuan, Y and Chen, H},
title = {Unignorable environmental risks: Insight into differential responses between biofilm and plastisphere in sulfur autotrophic denitrification system upon exposure to quaternary ammonium compounds.},
journal = {Journal of hazardous materials},
volume = {487},
number = {},
pages = {137231},
doi = {10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.137231},
pmid = {39827797},
issn = {1873-3336},
abstract = {Concerns of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and microplastics (MPs) as emerging containments accumulating in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have attracted much attention. Plastisphere with distinctive microbial communities might also be the repository for pathogens and resistance genes (RGs). Thus, the effects of three representative QACs with different concentrations on biofilm and plastisphere were studied in sulfur autotrophic denitrification (SAD) system. Over 100 days, 1-5 mg/L QACs exerted few impacts on system stability, whereas 15 mg/L QACs seriously lowered the microbial activity and the inhibitory effects ranked: benzylalkyldimethylethyl ammonium compound > dialkyldimethyl ammonium compound > alkyltrimethyl ammonium compound. Dosing of QACs in SAD system not only altered the microbial community structure and assembly, but also induced higher levels of intracellular RGs and extracellular RGs in plastisphere than in biofilm. Although the free RGs abundances in water slightly lowered, they might also pose great ecological risks. Pathogens identified as the potential hosts of RGs were more prone to colocalizing in plastisphere. Mobile genetic elements directly contributed to the three-fraction RGs transmission in SAD system. This study offered new insights into the differential responses of biofilm and plastisphere under QACs stress and guided for the disinfectants and MPs pollution containment in WWTPs.},
}

@article {pmid39827548,
year = {2025},
author = {Kar, A and Mukherjee, SK and Hossain, ST},
title = {Regulatory role of PA3299.1 small RNA in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation via modulation of algU and mucA expression.},
journal = {Biochemical and biophysical research communications},
volume = {748},
number = {},
pages = {151348},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151348},
pmid = {39827548},
issn = {1090-2104},
abstract = {Small RNAs (sRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of transcriptional factors and components within regulatory networks that govern bacterial biofilm formation. This study aimed to explore the regulatory role of the PA3299.1 sRNA in controlling biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa. Results showed that PA3299.1 expression was significantly elevated in both substratum-attached and colony biofilms compared to planktonic growth. Further investigation revealed that strains overexpressing PA3299.1 exhibited enhanced biofilm formation, while its deletion resulted in a substantial reduction in biofilm development. PA3299.1 was found to regulate the expression of AlgU and MucA, the sigma and anti-sigma factors, integral to the biofilm developmental network. In summary, this research identifies PA3299.1 as a critical regulator of biofilm formation and potentially a contributor to the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, that could help to develop new therapeutic strategies to manage biofilm-associated infections.},
}

@article {pmid39827354,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, H and Wang, X and Wang, Z and Shen, Y},
title = {Evaluation of bacterial biofilm, smear layer, and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model: a CLSM and SEM study.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {95},
pmid = {39827354},
issn = {1472-6831},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Smear Layer ; *Microscopy, Confocal ; *Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Humans ; *Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use ; *Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; *Dentin/microbiology ; Saline Solution ; In Vitro Techniques ; Root Canal Preparation/methods/instrumentation ; Edetic Acid/therapeutic use ; Needles ; Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the bacterial biofilm, smear layer and debris removal efficacy of a hydro-dynamic cavitation system with physiological saline using a new ex vivo model.

METHODS: Seventy-five dentin discs were prepared from fifty-four extracted teeth. Seventy-five artificial root sockets were prepared. Sixty dentin discs were used to grow 3-week-old bacterial biofilms, while smear layer and debris were produced on fifteen dentin discs. These dentin discs were adhered to the middle third of the artificial root canals. The sixty ex vivo models with biofilm-covered dentin discs were divided into six groups: control, needle with physiological saline, ultrasonic with physiological saline, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, needle with 3% NaOCl, and ultrasonic with 3% NaOCl. Biofilm removal efficacy was evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The fifteen ex vivo models with smear layer and debris-covered dentin discs were divided into three groups: control, Odne™ Clean with physiological saline, and 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA. Smear layer and debris removal efficacy was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance for comparisons involving more than two groups. Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were conducted using the Tukey test.

RESULTS: Odne[TM]Clean with physiological saline (98%) performed significantly better than needle irrigation (47%) or ultrasonic activation (54%) with physiological saline (P < 0.05). Odne[TM]Clean with physiological saline removed biofilms as effectively as needle irrigation (97%) or ultrasonic activation (98%) with 3% NaOCl (P > 0.05). Additionally, 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.33) removed the smear layer significantly better than Odne[TM]Clean with physiological saline (score: 4.47) (P < 0.05). However, Odne[TM]Clean with physiological saline (score: 1.27) removed debris as effectively as 5% NaOCl followed by 17% EDTA (score: 1.13) (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS: Odne[TM]Clean with physiological saline can effectively remove bacterial biofilm and debris from the dentin surface but cannot effectively remove the smear layer. Utilizing Odne[TM]Clean during the final irrigation may enhance root canal cleaning efficacy.},
}

*Biofilms/drug effects
*Smear Layer
*Microscopy, Confocal
*Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Humans
*Root Canal Irrigants/therapeutic use
*Sodium Hypochlorite/therapeutic use/pharmacology
*Dentin/microbiology
Saline Solution
In Vitro Techniques
Root Canal Preparation/methods/instrumentation
Edetic Acid/therapeutic use
Needles
Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology

@article {pmid39827346,
year = {2025},
author = {Mustafa, S and Meheissen, MA and Moussa, S and ElBackly, R},
title = {Effect of ultrasonically-activated irrigation protocols used for regenerative endodontics on removal of dual species biofilm in a three-dimensionally printed tooth model: in vitro study.},
journal = {BMC oral health},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {98},
pmid = {39827346},
issn = {1472-6831},
mesh = {*Biofilms/drug effects ; *Printing, Three-Dimensional ; *Therapeutic Irrigation/methods ; *Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects ; *Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; *Regenerative Endodontics/methods ; *Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; In Vitro Techniques ; Streptococcus mutans/drug effects ; Models, Dental ; Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology ; Ultrasonics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Eradication of residual biofilm from root canal dentine is critical for the success of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs).

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the influence of ultrasonically activated irrigants in concentrations used for REPs for removal of dual-species biofilm from three-dimensionally printed tooth models with attached dentine samples.

METHODOLOGY: Seventy-two three-dimensionally printed teeth models were fabricated with a standardized slot in the apical third of the root to ensure a precise fit with a human root dentine specimen. Dual-species biofilms (comprising Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans) were cultivated in the root canal for a period of three weeks. Models with dentine specimens were randomly assigned into 5 groups according to the irrigation protocol; G1(dis H2O): infected root canals irrigated with distilled water to serve as controls; G2(1.5% NaOCl): 1.5% NaOCl for five minutes; G3(1.5% NaOCl + PUI): 1.5% NaOCl + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) for 30 s; G4(3% NaOCl): 3% NaOCl for five minutes; G5(3% NaOCl + PUI): 3% NaOCl + PUI for 30 s. Bacterial reduction was determined by colony-forming unit (CFU) counting (n = 12/G), whilst biofilms were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy in additional samples.

RESULTS: The four experimental groups showed a significant reduction in CFU counts compared to the control group (p < 0.05). When compared with (dis H2O), the highest reduction in bacterial count was obtained in G5 (3% NaOCl + PUI) followed by G4 (3% NaOCl), then G3 (1.5% NaOCl + PUI), and finally G2 (1.5% NaOCl).

CONCLUSION: Results of the current study propose that a 3D-printed mature tooth model can be effectively used to analyze the antimicrobial effects of different irrigation protocols on dual-species biofilm. The use of NaOCl in concentrations used for regenerative endodontics can effectively remove bacterial biofilms. Furthermore, the use of PUI did not significantly enhance antibacterial effects of NaOCl.},
}

*Biofilms/drug effects
*Printing, Three-Dimensional
*Therapeutic Irrigation/methods
*Enterococcus faecalis/drug effects
*Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology/therapeutic use
Humans
*Regenerative Endodontics/methods
*Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology/therapeutic use
In Vitro Techniques
Streptococcus mutans/drug effects
Models, Dental
Dental Pulp Cavity/microbiology
Ultrasonics

@article {pmid39826397,
year = {2025},
author = {Lakshminarasimman, N and Zamanzadeh, M and Schraa, O and Parker, W},
title = {Modeling nitrous oxide emission from full-scale hybrid membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR).},
journal = {Water research},
volume = {274},
number = {},
pages = {123128},
doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2025.123128},
pmid = {39826397},
issn = {1879-2448},
abstract = {Current published models for nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABR) have several simplifications that are not representative of full-scale systems. This study developed an improved MABR N2O model that captured commonly overlooked phenomena such as back diffusion of generated N2O into MABR lumen gas and the recirculation of the N2O laden lumen gas for tank mixing and biofilm thickness control. The improved model was validated with measured N2O concentrations in the lumen gas phase and bulk mixed liquor in a full-scale hybrid MABR facility. The validated model was used to obtain insights into N2O bioconversion pathways. Model predictions revealed that in the inner layers of the biofilm were hotspots of N2O generation via the ammonium oxidizing organism activity. The N2O transported to the outer biofilm layers was reduced via the heterotrophic denitrification pathway. The N2O gas model predicted that up to 70 % of the N2O carried by the recirculated lumen gas was scrubbed into the mixed liquor which was further denitrified. An N2O emission ratio of 0.18 ± 0.01 % N2ON/N load was estimated for the full-scale MABR process which achieved up to 50 % removal of the influent N load, highlighting the potential of this technology to mitigate N2O emissions when compared to conventional activated sludge.},
}

@article {pmid39825489,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Yang, R and Liu, K and Liu, M and Shi, Q and Yang, J and Hao, G and Luo, L and Du, F and Wang, P},
title = {From Natural Product Derivative to Hexagonal Prism Supermolecule: Potent Biofilm Disintegration, Enhanced Foliar Affinity, and Effective Management of Tomato Bacterial Canker.},
journal = {Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e202416079},
doi = {10.1002/anie.202416079},
pmid = {39825489},
issn = {1521-3773},
abstract = {Clavibacter michiganensis (Cmm), designated as an A2 quarantine pest by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO), incites bacterial canker of tomato, which presently eludes rapid and effective control methodologies. Dense biofilms formed by Cmm shield internal bacteria from host immune defenses and obstruct the ingress of agrochemicals. Even when agrochemicals disintegrate biofilms, splashing and bouncing during application disperse active ingredients away from target sites. Herein, we present a supramolecular strategy to fabricate a hexagonal prism-shaped material, BPGA@CB[8], assembled from an 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid derivative (PBGA) and host molecule-cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) via host-guest recognition. This positively charged material manifests multifaceted functionalities, notably the ability to surmount biofilm barriers, annihilate the encased pathogenic bacteria, and enhance foliar affinity of droplets. The strong in vitro potency and effective deposition of BPGA@CB[8] foster optimal conditions for robust in vivo efficacy, demonstrating superior protective and curative activities (56.9%/53.4%) against canker of tomato at a low-dose of 100 μg·mL-[1] compared to BPGA (44.6%/42.2%), kasugamycin (30.1%/28.4%), and thiodiazole copper (35.4%/31.0%). This supramolecular material, based on natural product derivatives, provides a potent treatment for high-risk canker of tomato, and exemplifies the utility of supramolecular strategies in optimizing the attributes of natural products for managing plant bacterial diseases.},
}

@article {pmid39824742,
year = {2025},
author = {Das, MC and Samaddar, S and Jawed, JJ and Ghosh, C and Acharjee, S and Sandhu, P and Das, A and Daware, AV and De, UC and Majumdar, S and Das Gupta, SK and Akhter, Y and Bhattacharjee, S},
title = {Corrigendum to "Vitexin alters Staphylococcus aureus surface hydrophobicity to obstruct biofilm formation" [Microbiol. Res. 263 (2022) 127126].},
journal = {Microbiological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {128058},
doi = {10.1016/j.micres.2025.128058},
pmid = {39824742},
issn = {1618-0623},
}

@article {pmid39824400,
year = {2025},
author = {Ren, P and Dong, Q and Zhou, C and Chen, T and Sun, W and Chen, Y and Ying, H},
title = {Enhanced pullulanase production through expression system optimization and biofilm-immobilized fermentation strategies.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {139933},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.139933},
pmid = {39824400},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Pullulanase (PUL) plays a crucial role in breaking down α-1,6-glycosidic bonds in starch, a key process in starch processing and conversion. Based on PulB with high enzymatic activity, the expression of PUL in Bacillus subtilis was enhanced by plasmid screening, double promoter optimization, and signal peptide engineering. Furthermore, we innovatively employed a mussel foot protein to enhance the cell adhesion to carriers and utilized biofilm-based cell immobilization technology to optimize the fermentation process and stimulate biofilm formation. This approach led to a notably elevated enzyme activity, reaching 2233.56 U mL[-1]. The PUL crude enzyme solution, capable of generating high glucose syrup and resistant starch, paves the way for new avenues of exploration and advancement in research and industrial biotechnology.},
}

@article {pmid39823805,
year = {2025},
author = {Lee, J and Park, J and Baek, J and Lee, S and Seo, E and Kim, S and Choi, H and Kang, SS},
title = {Spent coffee ground disrupts Listeria monocytogenes biofilm formation through inhibition of motility and adhesion via quorum sensing regulation.},
journal = {International journal of food microbiology},
volume = {430},
number = {},
pages = {111066},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2025.111066},
pmid = {39823805},
issn = {1879-3460},
abstract = {Spent coffee grounds (SCGs) have been explored for use as various bioresources, such as biofuels, and are known to possess biological functions, including antioxidant activity. However, the antibiofilm properties of SCGs against pathogenic bacteria have not been fully investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to highlight the inhibitory effects of SCG extract (SCGE) on biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Treatment with SCGE disrupted both biofilm formation and architecture in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, SCGE reduced autoaggregation and surface hydrophobicity. However, SCGE did not affect the viability of planktonic L. monocytogenes, suggesting that the decrease in biofilm formation was not attributed to decreased viability. Instead, SCGE downregulated motility- and adhesion-related genes in L. monocytogenes. Furthermore, SCGE impaired the swimming motility of L. monocytogenes. It also impaired adhesion to and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells. Moreover, SCGE suppressed the production of autoinducer-2, indicating the inhibition of quorum sensing signaling. Taken together, these findings suggest that SCGE inhibits biofilm formation in L. monocytogenes by modulating quorum sensing signaling, which regulates bacterial motility and adhesion.},
}

@article {pmid39821607,
year = {2025},
author = {Santos Manzi de Souza, PF and Milanez, EPR and de Andrade, ARC and Silva, L and Silva, ML and Monteiro, RC and Rodrigues, AM and de Souza Collares Maia, DCB and de Melo Guedes, GM and de Aguiar Cordeiro, R},
title = {Antifungal susceptibility, clinical findings, and biofilm resistance of Fusarium species causing keratitis: a challenge for disease control.},
journal = {Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {39821607},
issn = {1678-4405},
support = {306295/2022-9//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
abstract = {Fusarium keratitis (FK) is an important clinical condition that can lead to blindness and eye loss, and is most commonly caused by the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC). This study evaluated the susceptibility of planktonic cells and biofilms of FSSC (n = 7) and non-FSSC (n = 7) isolates obtained from patients with keratitis from a semi-arid tropical region to amphotericin B (AMB), natamycin (NAT), voriconazole (VRZ), efinaconazole (EFZ), and luliconazole (LCZ). Analysis of clinical data showed that trauma was the most common risk factor for FK patients. Disease onset was longer in non-FSSC group (3-30 days) than in the FSSC group (3-7 days). FSSC strains were less susceptible to AMB and VRZ than non-FSSC strains (p < 0.05). Susceptibility to NAT, LCZ and EFZ was similar between isolates of FSSC and non-FSSC groups. Overall, patients infected with non-FSSC showed a better response to antifungal treatment. Corneal transplantation was more common in patients infected with FSSC (3/7) than in those infected with non-FSSC (1/7). Mature biofilms showed a poor response to antifungal treatment. Patients infected with Fusarium strains capable of forming antifungal tolerant biofilms had more complex therapeutic management, requiring two antifungals and/or corneal transplantation (p < 0.05). This study highlights the importance of mycological diagnosis and the antifungal susceptibility testing in the clinical management of FK. The ability of Fusarium to form antifungal tolerant biofilms poses a challenge to clinicians and urges the development of new antibiofilm therapeutics.},
}