@article {pmid41105848,
year = {2025},
author = {Gastineau, R and Murchie, AK and Winsor, L and Justine, JL},
title = {An Irish cocktail of flatworm, earthworm and parasite DNAs: genomics of invasive land flatworms (Geoplanidae) reveal infestations by two new Mitosporidium species (Microsporidia).},
journal = {Parasite (Paris, France)},
volume = {32},
number = {},
pages = {67},
doi = {10.1051/parasite/2025060},
pmid = {41105848},
issn = {1776-1042},
support = {"Regional Excellence Initiative" Program for 2024-2027//Minister of Science/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Oligochaeta/genetics/parasitology/microbiology ; Introduced Species ; *Microsporidia/genetics/classification/isolation & purification ; Phylogeny ; *Platyhelminths/genetics/microbiology/parasitology ; Genomics ; Northern Ireland ; DNA, Helminth/genetics/isolation & purification ; Genome, Mitochondrial ; },
abstract = {According to the classical Enemy Release Hypothesis, one reason for the success of invasive species is that they have escaped their predators and parasites during migration to newly invaded territories. In this context, the discovery of any parasite of an invasive species is of particular interest. Here, we report the results of genomic investigations performed on two invasive species of land flatworms (Geoplanidae) collected in Northern Ireland, Kontikia andersoni Jones, 1981, and Australoplana sanguinea (Moseley, 1877). We describe the mitogenomes and paralogous RNA genes of both species. Prey DNA was detected in both flatworm species, providing molecular evidence that their diet includes earthworms. Unexpectedly, we detected sequences assigned to the microsporidian genus Mitosporidium Haag et al., 2015, which, prior to this study, included a single species. Each land flatworm species harboured its own species of Mitosporidium. For nomenclatural reasons, we could not assign binomial names to these species; instead, we designate them as Mitosporidium sp. JL467 (in K. andersoni) and Mitosporidium sp. JL472 (in A. sanguinea). For each new Mitosporidium species, we describe the gene content of the mitogenome and the complete cluster of nuclear ribosomal RNA genes. In the absence of direct evidence of host-parasite relationships, we discuss the possible hosts of these Microsporidia, which could be the flatworms themselves or their prey; the most likely hypothesis is that they are parasites of land flatworms. Other Mitosporidium species should be sought for in native land flatworms from the Australasian region, where the two invasive flatworm species originated. Investigations on the possible pathogenic role of these parasites are needed.},
}

Animals
*Oligochaeta/genetics/parasitology/microbiology
Introduced Species
*Microsporidia/genetics/classification/isolation & purification
Phylogeny
*Platyhelminths/genetics/microbiology/parasitology
Genomics
Northern Ireland
DNA, Helminth/genetics/isolation & purification
Genome, Mitochondrial

@article {pmid41104462,
year = {2025},
author = {Pinto, AF and Gómez, MI and Dai, B and Kwon, EH and Loeb, GM and Riggs, DM and Callahan, CW and Lane, DE and Wallis, A},
title = {Economic analysis of using exclusion netting for spotted-wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) management in organic blueberry production systems.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70280},
pmid = {41104462},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Spotted-wing drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii) is a devastating invasive species that affects soft and stone fruit crops. The SWD poses significant challenges to high-value fruit industries, especially organic production. Organic growers primarily rely on frequent applications of organic pesticides, but these are expensive, have limited residual activity, and require rotation with less effective alternatives to manage resistance. Exclusion netting has emerged as a promising alternative for organic growers. This study assesses the economic performance of exclusion netting compared to organic insecticide applications for managing SWD on New York blueberry farms.

RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, organic blueberry growers could increase their income by $1856 per acre and achieve a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.115 by using exclusion netting in netting trellis structures instead of organic insecticides. This indicates that for every dollar invested in netting, growers gain $1.115 in return, making it a marginally profitable option. Both strategies generate positive profits from year 1, but netting surpasses insecticides in cumulative cash flow by year 3. Sensitivity analyses, considering different marketing channels and blueberry prices, show that BCR remains above 1 in all scenarios, with the highest BCR achieved when selling through indirect markets at $12.12 per kilogram.

CONCLUSION: Our results offer critical insights into SWD management for organic growers who face production challenges due to limited pesticide options and resistance risks. These findings provide clear information on the economic viability of using exclusion netting in organic blueberry production. Consistent with previous research, the costs of insecticide applications can outweigh the benefits under low pest pressure. Despite concerns over high initial investments, exclusion netting proves to be a cost-effective and profit-maximizing alternative, generating positive profits as early as year 1. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41103566,
year = {2025},
author = {van Steenderen, CJM and Sandenbergh, E and Brookes, D and Moran, PJ and Cristofaro, M and Hoyer, WF and Paterson, ID},
title = {Population Genetics Reveals the Invasion Pathways of Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum in North America.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72262},
pmid = {41103566},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive populations of the slenderleaf iceplant, Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum L., are problematic along the west coast of North America. The plant is hypothesised to originate from southern Africa, though it has established populations in North Africa and the Mediterranean. There is interest in initiating a biological control programme for the weed in its invaded range, but a clearer understanding of its invasion pathways and sources of origin is required in order to prioritise potential biological control agents. This study used both NextGen RADseq and fragment analysis ISSR techniques to uncover the population structure and genetic diversity of M. nodiflorum in its native, introduced and invaded ranges. The results supported a South African origin of the species based on a higher number of private alleles and overall genetic diversity. Our results suggest a bridgehead effect, where a secondary invasion to North America from Mediterranean populations took place, rather than a direct invasion from the native range in South Africa. The present results indicated that surveys for potential biocontrol agents for M. nodiflorum should be conducted in the native South African distribution, where the greatest diversity of specialist natural enemies is likely to be present.},
}

@article {pmid41103545,
year = {2025},
author = {Comte, S and Bengsen, AJ and Parker, L and Forsyth, DM},
title = {Annual, seasonal, and daily space-use of Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama) in Australian agricultural landscapes.},
journal = {Journal of mammalogy},
volume = {106},
number = {5},
pages = {1261-1272},
pmid = {41103545},
issn = {0022-2372},
abstract = {The Common Fallow Deer (Dama dama; hereafter "fallow deer") has been widely translocated from its native Mediterranean range and is now present on all continents except Antarctica. In some countries-such as Australia-introduced populations of fallow deer have increased in range and abundance, negatively affecting agricultural production. However, little is known about how this species uses these agricultural landscapes annually, seasonally, or daily. We used GPS collars to track the hourly movements of 68 adult fallow deer (25 males, 43 females) at 3 sites in mixed pastoral farmland (a mosaic of open eucalypt woodland and pasture) in eastern Australia between 2020 and 2024. We estimated annual and monthly home ranges, daily distance moved, and diel movement cycles. As expected, annual home ranges (using the biased random bridge method) were larger for males (median = 1,848.1 ha, 95% CrI: 929.2 to 3,584.0 ha) than females (median = 646.3 ha, 95% CrI: 368.1 to 1,068.5 ha), and home ranges and core areas were similar across the 3 sites. Both sexes had a strong crepuscular movement pattern that was consistent across sites. Male fallow deer increased their movement rates in April-May (i.e., during the mating season), and their movement patterns were most restricted during summer. Female fallow deer movements were more consistent across the year than those of males, but movement patterns were also most restricted during summer. There was substantial individual variation in daily movement patterns between and within sites, especially during the mating season. Most individuals exhibited strong site fidelity, but some males and females made short excursions (up to a week and 10 km) from their home range. The strong site fidelity of fallow deer suggests that management strategies utilizing repeated culling will be most effective at reducing overabundant fallow deer populations in Australian agricultural landscapes.},
}

@article {pmid40925042,
year = {2025},
author = {Menouillard, M and Blanchet, A and Desurmont, GA},
title = {Olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer, an emerging pest in North America: comparison of three experimental bioassays.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2301-2308},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf218},
pmid = {40925042},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {0212-22000-030-000D//ARS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Diptera/physiology ; Biological Assay ; Smell ; Female ; *Allium ; Odorants ; Male ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Evaluating the olfactory preferences of emerging insect pests is critical to develop monitoring tools and improve early detection and management strategies. Here the chemical ecology and olfactory preferences of the allium leafminer Phytomyza gymnostoma Loew (Diptera: Agromyzidae), an invasive pest in North America affecting allium crops such as leeks and onions, were investigated. Three bioassay methods were assessed under laboratory conditions: wind tunnel, Y-tube olfactometer, and arena bioassay. All bioassays measured the responses of P. gymnostoma adults to odors of host and non-host plants. Two common allium crops, leek and chive, were used as host plants. Results of the wind tunnel bioassays showed a clear preference for host plants compared to non-host plants, with leek being twice as attractive as chive. Leek plants already infested by P. gymnostoma were half as attractive as healthy plants. Olfactometer and arena bioassays failed to show any significant response of adult flies toward host plant volatiles. This study is the first to compare multiple bioassays for behavioral investigations of P. gymnostoma, providing novel insights into the pest's host-finding behavior and highlighting methodological considerations for future work. Overall, these results suggest that both visual and chemical cues play a role in P. gymnostoma's foraging behavior and are a promising first step toward the development of monitoring tools against this invasive pest.},
}

Animals
*Diptera/physiology
Biological Assay
Smell
Female
*Allium
Odorants
Male
Introduced Species

@article {pmid40853335,
year = {2025},
author = {Wallsten, C},
title = {Digest: Rapid evolution of an annual invader, the African fig fly Zaprionus indianus.},
journal = {Evolution; international journal of organic evolution},
volume = {79},
number = {10},
pages = {2338-2340},
doi = {10.1093/evolut/qpaf162},
pmid = {40853335},
issn = {1558-5646},
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Biological Evolution ; Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology ; },
abstract = {Little is known about evolutionary dynamics shortly after species introduction. Gray et al. (2025) found that the African fig fly (Zaprionus indianus) evolved smaller wings and a decreased wing:thorax ratio within one season of colonizing a temperate region of the United States, but did not differ along a latitudinal cline. This demonstrates the species' capability for rapid adaptation and potential for enhanced invasiveness.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
*Biological Evolution
Wings, Animal/anatomy & histology

@article {pmid40848306,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, X and Hamby, K and Demchak, K and Stout, A and Biddinger, D and Regan, K and Lue, CH and Hoelmer, KA},
title = {Establishment of key Asian larval parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in the US Mid-Atlantic states.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2042-2053},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf188},
pmid = {40848306},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {//USDA/ ; 60-8010-4-001//APHIS Farm Bill/ ; 60-8010-5-009//APHIS Farm Bill/ ; #8010-22000-031D//USDA/ ; #2020-5118-32140//NIFA/ ; #C940001078//Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture/ ; #PEN04743//National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations/ ; #1023221//National Institute of Food and Agriculture and Hatch Appropriations/ ; #8010-22000-031D//ARS/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Wasps/physiology/growth & development ; Larva/parasitology/growth & development ; *Drosophila/parasitology/growth & development ; *Pest Control, Biological ; Fruit/growth & development ; Introduced Species ; Mid-Atlantic Region ; },
abstract = {The widespread establishment of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has instigated a classical biological program in the United States and Europe for this invasive pest of soft-skinned fruits. This study reports the first release of an introduced key Asian larval parasitoid, Ganaspis kimorum Buffington (Hymenoptera: Figitidae), in 3 Mid-Atlantic states (Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania), where a total of 26,950 wasps were released in 6 counties during the 2022 and 2023 fruit seasons. Pre-release monitoring in 2023 and 2024 recovered G. kimorum individuals, indicating successful overwintering of parasitoids released in 2022 and 2023. A total of 617 pre- and post-release fruit collections were conducted in a temporal sequence of ripening fruits of 30 different fruit species throughout the 2022 and 2023 fruit seasons at all release locations. G. kimorum were recovered in 40 post-release samples from 9 different host plants at all release locations. However, the overall levels of mean parasitism by G. kimorum were <2% at this early stage of release. At the same time, adventive populations of an unreleased key Asian larval parasitoid, Leptopilina japonica Novković & Kimura (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) were found from 16 sampled host plants throughout the fruit season. Mean parasitism of D. suzukii (primarily by L. japonica) ranged from 0% to 20.0%, which varied by season and host plant but peaked with fruiting of the most D. suzukii-infested wild hosts. We discuss potential ecological mechanisms that may affect the establishment and impacts of these key parasitoids on D. suzukii in this region and future release strategies for G. kimorum.},
}

Animals
*Wasps/physiology/growth & development
Larva/parasitology/growth & development
*Drosophila/parasitology/growth & development
*Pest Control, Biological
Fruit/growth & development
Introduced Species
Mid-Atlantic Region

@article {pmid40635500,
year = {2025},
author = {Beckwith, KM and Burrack, HJ and Flanagan, M and Wiggins, G and Levenson, HK},
title = {Temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions of Leptopilina (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) species in North Carolina: implications for biological control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae).},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {118},
number = {5},
pages = {2032-2041},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf152},
pmid = {40635500},
issn = {1938-291X},
mesh = {Animals ; North Carolina ; *Wasps/physiology ; *Pest Control, Biological ; *Drosophila/parasitology ; *Animal Distribution ; Introduced Species ; Female ; Seasons ; },
abstract = {Biological control is an important component of integrated pest management programs. This can include classical biological control agents, but also adventive biological control agents that naturally established. Here, we provide details of the presence and seasonal biology of potential biological control agents for the invasive Drosophila suzukii Matsumura in Southeastern USA blackberry production systems, including a recently established adventive parasitoid wasp species, Leptopilina japonica Novković & Kimura. To better understand the populations of this new species, we compare detection methods and report on temporal fluctuations and geographic distributions in North Carolina blackberry fields. In total, we collected 1,142 specimens from 6 sites including 5 different Leptopilina species: Leptopilina boulardi Barbotin, Carton & Kelner-Pillault, Leptopilina clavipes Hartig, Leptopilina heterotoma Thomson, Leptopilina japonica, and Leptopilina leipsi Lue & Buffington. We confirm previous reports of L. japonica, L. boulardi, and L. heterotoma in North Carolina, but report L. clavipes and L. leipsi in the state for the first time. While several Leptopilina species have now been documented in North Carolina, L. japonica shows the most promise as a biological control agent for D. suzukii. Understanding the when and where each of these parasitoid species is present in crop fields is an important first step in improving D. suzukii management efforts. These data will aid in understanding how best to protect these species and how best to incorporate them into on-farm management plans.},
}

Animals
North Carolina
*Wasps/physiology
*Pest Control, Biological
*Drosophila/parasitology
*Animal Distribution
Introduced Species
Female
Seasons

@article {pmid41101766,
year = {2025},
author = {Hogg, BN and Daane, KM},
title = {Semi-natural habitat as a source of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and its parasitoids in California cane berry fields.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf267},
pmid = {41101766},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {2030-22000-029-000D//USDA CRIS/ ; 2030-22000-033-000D//USDA CRIS/ ; 2020-51181-32140//USDA NIFA/ ; 18-0001-058-SC//California Specialty Crop Grant Program/ ; },
abstract = {The invasive pest spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), attacks many wild and ornamental hosts and may persist in semi-natural habitats when fruit is unavailable in the crop. Semi-natural habitat or non-crop habitat (NCH) may also provide shelter for D. suzukii or refuge from insecticide applications. We examined population dynamics of D. suzukii in berry fields and adjacent NCH over 3 growing seasons and sampled at different distances from NCH to determine whether NCH is a source for D. suzukii and its parasitoids in adjacent crop fields. Numbers of D. suzukii adults were higher in NCH on most sample dates and increased in berry fields with proximity to NCH in spring and fall, indicating that NCH was a refuge and source for D. suzukii. Proportions of female D. suzukii were higher in berry fields in spring and fall and increased with distance from NCH along transects, suggesting that females dispersed more widely in berry fields than males. NCH did not appear to be a significant source of D. suzukii in summer, when D. suzukii numbers tended to be similar between habitats and did not change along transects within berry fields. Parasitism of sentinel D. suzukii pupae by the dominant naturally occurring parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae (Perkins) did not differ between NCH and berry fields, indicating that T. drosophilae dispersed easily between habitats.},
}

@article {pmid41099278,
year = {2025},
author = {Fumarola, LM and Leoni, V and Marchessaux, G and Sarà, G and Piraino, S and Bosch-Belmar, M},
title = {Global Warming and the Spread of the Introduced Jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda: Thermal Niche and Habitat Suitability in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {e70548},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70548},
pmid = {41099278},
issn = {1365-2486},
support = {B73C22000790001//National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree No. 3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU; Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, Project title "National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC"/ ; G.A.n°101060072//European Union's Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme ACTNOW project "Advancing understanding of Cumulative Impacts on European marine biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services for human wellbeing"/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Mediterranean Sea ; *Scyphozoa/physiology ; *Global Warming ; *Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Animal Distribution ; Temperature ; Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Climate change affects marine ecosystems in multiple ways, including sea warming and changes in biological community structure and diversity. The Mediterranean Sea has emerged as one of the most vulnerable regions, also because of the diverse patterns of introduction of non-native species. First recorded in the coastal waters of Cyprus in 1903, the Red Sea jellyfish Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) is spreading its distribution and local abundance, posing questions on its potential ecological implications. Here we identified the thermal tolerance, habitat suitability, and potential distribution range of the C. andromeda polyps, a key life cycle stage responsible for asexual reproduction and population persistence. By laboratory-controlled respirometric measurements, we assessed that the polyps of C. andromeda exhibit their optimal metabolic performances at high water temperatures, but they are tolerant to winter conditions across the Mediterranean basin. Combining experimental respiration measurements with modelling approaches enabled the definition of the species' fundamental thermal niche, with an optimal seawater temperature at 35.7°C and critical limits at 6.4°C (minimum) and 39°C (maximum). Trait-based thermal habitat suitability maps indicated a future increase of favourable habitats for the species under warming conditions according to the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5 for 2050) in Mediterranean coastal areas. In the context of climate change scenarios, the rise of seawater temperature may enable polyps to thrive across a wider geographic range, predicting a westward and northward enlargement of C. andromeda populations in the Mediterranean Sea.},
}

Animals
Mediterranean Sea
*Scyphozoa/physiology
*Global Warming
*Ecosystem
*Introduced Species
*Animal Distribution
Temperature
Climate Change

@article {pmid41098972,
year = {2025},
author = {Kirova, N and Kirova, V and Kotov, A},
title = {Diversity of the cladocerans (Crustacea, Branchiopoda) in the Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation.},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e163656},
pmid = {41098972},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The cladoceran fauna is well studied across the Palaearctic, but remains poorly known in the Republic of Tyva, Russia. Our database represents the results of the faunistic survey of the cladocerans in this region performed during almost 30 years (1993-2022). A total of 902 sites were investigated, most of them being located in mountain areas (49°45' - 53°46' North latitude and 88°49' - 98°56' East longitude). The dataset includes the cladocerans sampled from permanent and temporary waterbodies with varying depths, altitudes and salinity levels. Sampling was conducted using plankton nets and then samples were transported to the Tuvinian Institute for Exploration of Natural Resources of the Siberian Branch of RAS for identification and further examined at the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Ecology RAS. Species were identified, based on recent monographs and juvenile specimens (sometimes indeterminable, based on morphological methods) were excluded from the dataset. The dataset was published as a Darwin Core Archive in GBIF. For each sampling event, the coordinates of the location, date and collector are recorded.

NEW INFORMATION: The dataset contains information on zooplankton and microzoobenthos from numerous permanent and temporary waterbodies in the Republic of Tyva, Russian Federation. Previously, the region's cladoceran fauna was poorly studied.Our core data table includes 3,599 records representing 76 species from 902 locations. The most species-rich families are Chydoridae (30 species from 17 genera) and Daphniidae (26 species from 5 genera). No invasive species were detected.The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the plankton and microzoobenthos communities in the Central Asian mountain regions.},
}

@article {pmid41098891,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, H and Jia, H and Peng, J and Peng, X and Ren, Z and Zhang, H},
title = {Monitoring Alien Species Diversity in Ballast Water Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72320},
pmid = {41098891},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive alien species pose serious threats to ecosystems, public health, and socio-economic systems, with ballast water discharge serving as a major pathway for their introduction. Organisms that survive the harsh conditions inside ballast tanks may establish populations in recipient ports, where they can disrupt native biodiversity. Therefore, effective monitoring of ballast water is essential for reducing the risk of biological invasions. This study applied environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding to investigate the biological communities in ballast water from ships arriving at Dongjiakou Port, Qingdao, with a particular focus on alien species. Three universal primer sets targeting the 18S V4, 18S V9, and 12S regions were used to amplify and sequence DNA from phytoplankton, invertebrates, and fish. In total, nine ballast water samples were collected from six ships originating from the South China Sea, Seto Inland Sea, Taiwan Strait, and the Yellow Sea. Bioinformatic analysis revealed 16 alien phytoplankton species, 13 alien invertebrate species, and 12 alien fish species, including three invasive species: Styela clava, Lates calcarifer, and Anguilla anguilla. Species composition varied considerably among tanks on the same ship, whereas ballast water location and age had no significant effect on composition across different ships. These results demonstrate the potential of eDNA metabarcoding as an efficient, noninvasive approach for monitoring ballast water biodiversity and alien species. Such insights are valuable for informing policy and management strategies to curb the spread of invasive species through shipping networks.},
}

@article {pmid41096878,
year = {2025},
author = {Huang, K and Liu, T and Xu, A and Yu, J and Yang, Y and Liu, J and Li, F and Zhu, D and Gong, L and Liu, L and Lü, Z},
title = {Genomic Signatures of Adaptive Evolution in Taenioides sp. During Northward Invasion.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {26},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/ijms26199613},
pmid = {41096878},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {42171069 and 41976121//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; China ; Genetic Variation ; Genomics/methods ; Genetics, Population ; *Perciformes/genetics ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genome ; Gene Flow ; Selection, Genetic ; },
abstract = {The success and impact of biological invasions depend on adaptations to novel abiotic and biotic selective pressures. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying adaptations in invasive species are inadequately understood. Taenioides sp. is an invasive worm goby, originally endemic to brackish waters in the estuaries of Southeastern China, and now colonizes multiple inland freshwaters of North China within decades as a byproduct of the East Route of South-to-North Water Transfer (ESNT) project. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying their adaptations to the climate of North China, especially the temperature regime, are unknown. Here, we performed genomic resequencing analysis to assess genetic diversity and population genetic structure, and further investigated the genomic signatures of local adaptation in the invasive population of Taenioides sp. during their northward invasion. We revealed that all invasive populations exhibited no genetic differentiation but low gene flow and an obvious signal of population bottleneck. Yangtze River estuary may serve as the source population, while Gaoyou Lake serves as a potential bridgehead of the invasion. Selective sweep analyses revealed 117 genomic regions, containing 673 candidate genes, under positive selection in populations at the invasive front. Redundancy analysis suggested that local temperature variables, particularly the monthly minimum temperature, represent critical evolutionary forces in driving adaptive divergence. Functional enrichment analyses revealed that multiple biological processes, including metabolism and energy production, substance transmembrane transport, and neural development and synaptic transmission, may play important roles in adaptation to regional temperature conditions. Our findings revealed a scenario of adaptive evolution in teleost species that underpins their regional climate adaptation and successful establishment of invasive populations in a human-facilitated invasion context. Proper management strategies should be established to manage Taenioides sp invasion as soon as possible.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
China
Genetic Variation
Genomics/methods
Genetics, Population
*Perciformes/genetics
Evolution, Molecular
Genome
Gene Flow
Selection, Genetic

@article {pmid41095148,
year = {2025},
author = {Wang, DZ and Wang, CJ and Zhang, FX and Li, HL},
title = {Risk Assessment of Alien Woody Plants in China's National Nature Reserves Under Climate Change.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants14193006},
pmid = {41095148},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {QNTD202510//the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; No.202302//the emergency response project of the National Forestry and Grassland Administration of China/ ; 2021YFC2600400//the National Key Research and Development Program of China/ ; },
abstract = {Alien woody plants (AWPs) increasingly threaten biodiversity in China's national nature reserves, with climate change expected to intensify these risks. We used species distribution modeling (MaxEnt) and spatial prioritization (Zonation) to assess invasion risk for 251 AWP species across 479 national nature reserves under current and future climate scenarios (SSP245 and SSP585). Spatial prioritization revealed current hotspots in southern tropical-subtropical national nature reserves (e.g., Hainan, Fujian, Yunnan provinces), with significant northward and westward expansion projected under warming. A total of 71 species-such as Quercus robur, Salix alba, and Robinia pseudoacacia-pose consistently high risks, while some others (e.g., Ficus benghalensis) may become emerging threats under future conditions. These range shifts are driven by thermal constraint relaxation and longer growing seasons. To mitigate future impacts, we recommend region-specific strategies: containment and seed-source control in southern national nature reserves, and early detection and monitoring in northern and western regions. Our findings provide a spatially explicit framework for climate-informed invasive species management in protected areas.},
}

@article {pmid41095107,
year = {2025},
author = {Nădășan, I and Babotă, M and Rusu, A and Tanase, C},
title = {Potential Therapeutic and Medicinal Applications of Four Invasive Non-Native Plant Species: A PRISMA-Guided Systematic Review of PubMed Studies.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {19},
pages = {},
doi = {10.3390/plants14192966},
pmid = {41095107},
issn = {2223-7747},
abstract = {Invasive non-native plant species are of ecological concern globally, as they may negatively affect biodiversity, the economy, and human health. At the same time, invasive non-native plants comprise an underutilised biomass that contains valuable natural bioactive compounds, which could find various biomedical applications and potential medicinal uses. In this paper, we aimed to systematically review the published data surrounding four selected invasive non-native plant species in a medical and therapeutic context. The search was conducted using PubMed and PRISMA guidelines, and strict criteria were employed to provide a thorough framework for the study selection process. After rigorous screening of the 53 selected articles, we were able to summarise the main findings and current knowledge regarding the valorisation opportunities for the selected plants in a medical context and to identify research gaps and highlight further research opportunities. Finally, we concluded that the selected invasive non-native plant species may provide valuable services in the biomedical field if the focus of future research is concentrated on their potential applicability in clinical settings. Furthermore, the valorisation of invasive non-native plant species may prove to be a viable strategy for controlling their spread.},
}

@article {pmid41092659,
year = {2025},
author = {Diniz, LGR and Cappelini, LTD and Boas, ASCAV and Mansano, AS and de Almeida Oliveira, TM and Franco, TCRS and Quinete, N and Vieira, EM},
title = {Antifouling booster biocides diuron and irgarol at Brazilian ports.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 3},
pages = {118755},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118755},
pmid = {41092659},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Biofouling, the natural buildup of organisms on submerged surfaces like ship hulls, is usually controlled using antifouling paints containing biocides such as diuron and irgarol, which are widely detected in marine environments. While these paints help reduce maintenance costs and ecological risks like invasive species, their use in port areas can still contribute to environmental pollution and impact coastal ecosystems. In this study, the presence of diuron and irgarol was investigated in water samples collected from the port complex of São Luís and the estuarine systems of Santos and São Vicente in Brazil. A method employing solid phase extraction (SPE) in combination with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was validated and applied for the determination of the biocides in surface water. The method demonstrated satisfactory recovery ranging from 72 to 115 % and relative standard deviations below 10 %, with adequate quantification limit of 0.07 ng mL[-1] and 0.50 ng mL[-1] for diuron and irgarol, respectively. Concentrations ranged from 0.30 to 7.39 μgL[-1] for diuron and 1.98 to 5.70 μg L[-1] for irgarol in the studied area, reflecting their current widespread use as primary antifouling agents. Higher concentrations were detected at sites near docking berths, with particularly elevated levels of diuron in anchorage zones. An ecotoxicological risk assessment using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) approach was performed, indicating that the observed water concentrations of biocides may adversely affect several sensitive species and disrupt key ecological functions in the region, with potential impacts on fisheries and livelihoods.},
}

@article {pmid40820650,
year = {2025},
author = {Dickie, IA and Allen, WJ and Waller, LP},
title = {When the novelty wears off: enemy spillover drives plant invasion success.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {248},
number = {4},
pages = {1686-1691},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70486},
pmid = {40820650},
issn = {1469-8137},
support = {//Tertiary Education Commission CORE funding to Bioprotection Aotearoa/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Herbivory ; *Plants/microbiology ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Integrating plant physiological traits (ideal weed hypothesis) and interactions with enemies (enemy release hypothesis) may be key to understanding plant invasions. Contrary to enemy release, recent evidence suggests that invasive plants often accumulate generalist enemies due to the same r-selected physiological traits that often drive invasive success. Despite high enemy loads, successful invasive plants can remain dominant due to high growth rates rather than due to lack of damage. Consequently, generalist herbivore and pathogen populations may be amplified by invaders and can spillover onto native plants, with these indirect interactions disproportionately affecting native rather than invasive plant species via apparent competition. Where this occurs, the generalist enemies of invasive plants may instead be hidden allies that amplify invader success and impacts.},
}

*Introduced Species
Herbivory
*Plants/microbiology
*Plant Physiological Phenomena
Animals

@article {pmid40674063,
year = {2025},
author = {Venkataraman, YR and Kelso, JC and Payne, C and Freitas, HL and Kohler, J and Tepolt, CK},
title = {Plasticity, not Genetics, Shapes Individual Responses to Thermal Stress in Non-Native Populations of the European Green Crab (Carcinus maenas).},
journal = {Integrative and comparative biology},
volume = {65},
number = {4},
pages = {1148-1165},
doi = {10.1093/icb/icaf131},
pmid = {40674063},
issn = {1557-7023},
support = {2209018//National Science Foundation/ ; 2150401//National Science Foundation/ ; ICER-2023192//National Science Foundation/ ; OCE-1850996//National Science Foundation/ ; //Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Brachyura/physiology/genetics ; Introduced Species ; *Thermotolerance ; Hot Temperature ; Acclimatization ; Genetic Variation ; Stress, Physiological ; Male ; Phenotype ; *Heat-Shock Response ; Adaptation, Physiological ; },
abstract = {Temperature is a major driver of individual performance in ectotherms, with this impact depending on stressor intensity and duration. Differences in individual response across temperature, time, and populations are shaped by the interplay between evolutionary adaptation and phenotypic plasticity. Some populations are able to thrive in novel and changing environments despite limited genetic diversity, raising the question of how plasticity and adaptation interact after significant genetic diversity loss. The European green crab (Carcinus maenas) is a textbook example of this phenomenon: invasive populations boast a broad thermal tolerance and exceptional thermal flexibility even after repeated genetic bottlenecks. Despite this loss of diversity overall, prior work has found a strong population-level association between variation at a specific extended genomic region (supergene), cold tolerance, and sea surface temperature. We conducted a series of three experiments using righting response to characterize sublethal thermal tolerance and plasticity in introduced green crab populations, then determined if these factors were associated with supergene genotype for individual adult crabs. Crabs showed signs of stress after exposure to a 30°C heat shock in one experiment. Interestingly, a second experiment exposing C. maenas to repeated 24-h heat shocks showed that prior heat shock conferred beneficial plasticity during a subsequent event. The third experiment examined cold acclimation over multiple timepoints up to 94 h. At 5°C, certain crabs exhibited an acclimatory response where righting slowed dramatically at first, and then gradually sped up after a longer period of cold exposure. Several crabs failed to right at 1.5°C, which could be indicative of dormancy employed to reduce energy consumption in colder conditions. There were no significant relationships between individual plasticity and supergene genotype in any experiment. Linking population-level genetic associations with individual-level physiology is complex, and reflects the impact of environmental conditions such as temperature throughout life history in shaping adult phenotype. Our results highlight the robust thermal tolerance and plasticity that adult green crabs maintain despite a substantial reduction in genetic diversity, and underscore the importance of probing population-level genotype-phenotype associations at the individual level.},
}

Animals
*Brachyura/physiology/genetics
Introduced Species
*Thermotolerance
Hot Temperature
Acclimatization
Genetic Variation
Stress, Physiological
Male
Phenotype
*Heat-Shock Response
Adaptation, Physiological

@article {pmid40130427,
year = {2025},
author = {Yan, W and Fu, R and Huang, X and Zhan, A},
title = {Dynamic and Functional miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulations in Response to Recurrent Environmental Challenges During Biological Invasions.},
journal = {Molecular ecology},
volume = {34},
number = {20},
pages = {e17749},
doi = {10.1111/mec.17749},
pmid = {40130427},
issn = {1365-294X},
support = {32471740//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32061143012//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; 32101352//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; },
mesh = {*MicroRNAs/genetics ; Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; *Ciona intestinalis/genetics ; Salinity ; Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions offer a valuable 'natural experiment' to investigate survival mechanisms, as invaders successfully endure substantial environmental changes during their geographical spread and settlement. Phenotypic plasticity enhances fitness by enabling rapid responses without requiring new genetic variations. Among numerous mechanisms involved in phenotypic plasticity, microRNAs (miRNAs) and their regulatory networks are believed to enable rapid responses by fine-tuning gene expression, though their roles remain poorly understood. By integrating miRNAomic and transcriptomic analyses in the model invasive ascidian Ciona robusta, we simulated recurring salinity stresses encountered during invasions to investigate the molecular mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in response to recurrent environmental challenges. Multiple analyses demonstrated that miRNAs exhibited rapid, dynamic and reversible responses to recurrent stresses, displaying duration-dependent and stage-specific profiles. The upregulation of genes in the miRNA biogenesis process, rather than the decay pathway, primarily accounted for the increased expression abundance of miRNAs. Responsive miRNAs regulated target genes through an intricate regulatory network, demonstrated by both up and downregulatory relationships and diverse binding sites. Interestingly, miRNAs and their target genes exhibited a 'stress memory' effect, where miRNAs 'remembered' previous challenges and further mediated the enhanced response of target genes at later stresses. Functionally, miRNA-mediated salinity coping strategies and associated genes exhibited temporal variations depending on challenge duration and stage, and these strategies primarily involved the modulation and alternation of free amino acid metabolism and ion transport to maintain osmotic homeostasis. These findings highlight the importance of miRNA-mediated regulatory networks in shaping short-term phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental changes.},
}

*MicroRNAs/genetics
Animals
*Introduced Species
*Gene Expression Regulation
Gene Regulatory Networks
*Ciona intestinalis/genetics
Salinity
Stress, Physiological/genetics
Gene Expression Profiling

@article {pmid40108861,
year = {2025},
author = {Talukder, P and Dasgupta, M and Hazra, A and Adhikari, A and Dutta, A and Sengupta, S and Karmakar, M},
title = {Impact of Invasive Weeds Lantana camara L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).},
journal = {Biotechnology and applied biochemistry},
volume = {72},
number = {5},
pages = {1405-1427},
doi = {10.1002/bab.2751},
pmid = {40108861},
issn = {1470-8744},
mesh = {*Abelmoschus/metabolism/growth & development ; *Plant Weeds/metabolism ; *Lantana/metabolism ; *Asteraceae/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; *Introduced Species ; Flavonoids/metabolism ; *Secondary Metabolism ; Parthenium hysterophorus ; },
abstract = {The impact of two invasive weed species, Lantana camara and Parthenium hysterophorus, on the development and secondary metabolism of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is the focus of this study. We explored the potential role of secondary metabolites as antioxidants to mitigate the stress induced by these common weeds on okra plants with special emphasis on chlorogenic acid (CGA). The study has been done with six experimental setups. One setup includes okra grown alone, and another set consists of okra co-cultivation with L. camara, P. hysterophorus, and a combination of both. Each setup consisted of 30 plants of each species. After these, biochemical assays were done to measure the production of secondary metabolites, which include polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants. They are all measured in response to weed-induced stress. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants displayed a significant increment in okra when co-cultivated with Lantana or Parthenium. Co-cultivation with both weeds presented synergistic negative effects, like that interaction is characterized by elevated markers of stress, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the compounded adverse effect on the okra plants. Moreover, it points out the effect of the weed's presence on secondary metabolism in okra. Gene expression analysis of two genes, phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HQT), which are critical in the phenylpropanoid pathway, validated the role of secondary metabolites in weed-induced stress alleviation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis shows that CGA has increased significantly in okra plants co-cultivated with weeds. It suggests a plant response to counteract weed-induced stress by enhancing CGA production. Therefore, the study shows the impact of weeds on stress indicators, such as ROS, RNS, and MDA. So, it is observed that stress levels are increased in okra in the weed's presence, as indicated by high lipid and proline content. These findings suggest practical strategies for weed management by enhancing secondary metabolism in crops to improve resilience and productivity under stress conditions caused by invasive weeds.},
}

*Abelmoschus/metabolism/growth & development
*Plant Weeds/metabolism
*Lantana/metabolism
*Asteraceae/metabolism
Antioxidants/metabolism
*Introduced Species
Flavonoids/metabolism
*Secondary Metabolism
Parthenium hysterophorus

@article {pmid41092440,
year = {2025},
author = {Wilson, S and Thorne, MS and Peck, DC and Wright, MG},
title = {Susceptibility of different forage grasses to feeding damage by Prosapia bicincta (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) adults in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Journal of economic entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jee/toaf266},
pmid = {41092440},
issn = {1938-291X},
support = {65973//Hawai'i Department of Agriculture/ ; 68126//Hawai'i Department of Agriculture/ ; //Hawai'i Department of Land and Natural Resources/ ; C81112//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C20556//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; C30930//Hawai'i Invasive Species Council/ ; 58-2040-9-010//United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service/ ; C006362//Hawai'i County Office of Research and Development/ ; },
abstract = {The twolined spittlebug, Prosapia bicincta (Say), is a pest of forage and turfgrasses causing economic and ecological damage to rangelands in Hawai'i. First detected in 2016, this pest now infests >143,000 ha on Hawai'i Island. Host plant resistance is a key strategy for management of grass-feeding spittlebugs in pastures. The susceptibility of 12 different grass species and cultivars to adult P. bicincta feeding was evaluated in greenhouse trials. Grasses were arranged in a randomized complete block design and after 12 d of adult feeding, damage to the foliage was quantified and above- and below-ground dry biomass were measured. Three species/cultivars were moderately susceptible (foliar damage 28 to 41%) and 2 were extremely susceptible (foliar damage ≥80%). Kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone), a key pasture grass used for livestock forage in Hawai'i, exhibited the highest level of susceptibility (≥85% mean foliar damage) and significant reductions in above- (38 to 50%) and below-ground (51 to 71%) biomass compared to non-infested control plants. Seven grasses demonstrated resistance, with ≤15% mean foliar damage. Among the resistant grasses, 5 were Urochloa (P. Beauv.) cultivars (Cayana, Cayman, Marandú, Mulato II, Sabiá) and the remaining 2 were Bahia T9 (Paspalum notatum (Flugge) var. saurae (Parodi) cv. 'Tifton-9') and fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceus (Forssk.) Morrone). This study is the first to identify resistance in these grasses to P. bicincta. The underlying mechanisms of resistance were not identified and necessitates further research. Hawai'i's existing Kikuyu grass pastures are severely threatened, but the incorporation of resistant grasses is a promising management strategy.},
}

@article {pmid41089890,
year = {2025},
author = {van Koppenhagen, N and Gossner, MM and Eisenring, M and Mathis, DS and Haller, J and Bolliger, J},
title = {Artificial Light at Night Affects Larval Growth Without Altering Survival or Pupation in Spongy Moth (Lymantria dispar dispar).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72311},
pmid = {41089890},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Artificial light at night (ALAN) can disrupt circadian rhythms in nocturnal insects, but its effects on immature stages remain understudied. However, this knowledge is crucial, as a change in the development of insects can have ecological and economic consequences. For example, the spongy moth (Lymantria dispar dispar), native to Europe and Asia, has become an invasive species in North America, causing extensive defoliation of trees in forests and urban landscapes. Therefore, we investigated how LED light color influences larval development and pupation in the spongy moth. Larvae were reared under three light conditions simulating outdoor lighting: (1) neutral white LED (3700 K), (2) amber LED (2200 K), and (3) a dark control (no light). Results showed no significant differences in larval survival, growth patterns, or pupal stage outcomes between treatments. However, larvae exposed to 3700 K light reached significantly higher body masses at the eighth instar than those exposed to 2200 K and tended to be heavier than the control caterpillars. This is accompanied by a consistently higher weight gain at 3700 K in all larval stages. These results suggest that ALAN can influence larval growth-a crucial factor for fitness and population dynamics. Understanding the effects of ALAN on fitness-related traits-especially in pest species like the spongy moth-is critical given the increasing prevalence of nighttime illumination.},
}

@article {pmid41088751,
year = {2025},
author = {Jiao, Z and Ren, Z and Hu, C and Ma, X and Zhang, GQ and Chen, LJ and Wei, G and Peng, DH and Lan, S and Luo, YB and Liu, ZJ},
title = {Unidirectional genomic introgression facilitates the colonization of invasive orchid in arid metal-enriched sedimental habitats.},
journal = {Plant communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101561},
doi = {10.1016/j.xplc.2025.101561},
pmid = {41088751},
issn = {2590-3462},
abstract = {Genes that introgress between species can influence the evolutionary and ecological fate of recipients exposed to novel environments. However, key questions on the patterns and molecular mechanisms of introgression in perennial herbaceous plants, which enable distantly related invasive species to thrive in extreme habitats, remain largely unanswered. Here, we report unidirectional introgression from the local species Dendrobium huoshanense to the distantly related invasive species D. catenatum (D. officinale) in the lithophytic habitats of eastern China. The introgressed regions, which comprise approximately 1% of the genome, contain genes that regulate responses to drought, cold, and metal ion stresses. Notably, introgressed loci like CDPK, HHP, PIF, BRI1, and FY show distinct selection signatures and differential expression compared to their paralogs, each playing a distinct role in drought and cold stress responses. Additionally, CIPK23, PDR9, and HAM demonstrate differential expression in relation to their paralogous genes and alleles within introgressed loci, indicating their potential involvement in responses to metal ion stress. The introgression facilitates the colonization of D. catenatum in arid, metal-enriched sedimental habitats. Our findings enhance the understanding of Orchidaceae evolution and elucidate the evolutionary roles of unidirectional introgression in the extreme environmental adaptation of perennial herbaceous plants.},
}

@article {pmid41088498,
year = {2025},
author = {Desai, C and Nariani, D and Dave, R and Ghosal, R},
title = {Fission or fusion: shoaling adaptations in green chromides (Etroplus suratensis) across multiple manipulations.},
journal = {Journal of fish biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jfb.70253},
pmid = {41088498},
issn = {1095-8649},
support = {AU/SUG/SAS/BLS/2018-19/20//Ahmedabad University/ ; },
abstract = {Collective behaviour contributes towards increased fitness. However, in fission-fusion societies, the decision to participate in a group is based on the cost-benefit ratio derived under a given condition. In today's world, this ratio dramatically changes due to increased challenges in degraded habitats, impacting behavioural decisions towards social grouping. In this paper, we used fish shoal as a unit of collective behaviour and investigated variations in shoaling adaptations across a range of manipulations, mimicking challenges faced by the species under natural conditions. We used green chromides (Etroplus suratensis), a cichlid fish species, and characterized their shoaling behaviour under laboratory conditions for two group sizes, 4 and 8. We then examined the effects of different manipulations, for example food-deprivation and reduced space (both mimicking resource constrained conditions), and the presence of hetero species, including tilapia (Oreochromis spp., an alien species widespread within the habitats of E. suratensis), on their shoaling behaviour. Our results showed that E. suratensis formed shoals in both group sizes, 4 and 8. In subsequent analyses, we used group size 8 as a control and demonstrated that space reduction and food deprivation significantly impacted shoaling, reducing shoal splits and occurrences of solitary fish, while increasing incidences of single, cohesive shoals comprising all individuals. E. suratensis also formed mixed-species shoals with alien Oreochromis spp., but exhibited a large percentage (in absolute terms) of shoal splits. Overall, E. suratensis exhibited plasticity in their shoaling behaviour and increased fusion of shoals under challenging conditions, which was in contrast to showing more fission in the presence of the alien species.},
}

@article {pmid41088429,
year = {2025},
author = {Wen, X and Liu, Q and Tang, X and Yu, F and Chen, J},
title = {A lightweight convolutional neural network for tea leaf disease and pest recognition.},
journal = {Plant methods},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {129},
pmid = {41088429},
issn = {1746-4811},
support = {2024A02006-2//Major Science and Technology Projects of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region/ ; },
abstract = {The tea industry plays a vital role in China's green economy. Tea trees (Melaleuca alternifolia) are susceptible to numerous diseases and pest threats, making timely pathogen detection and precise pest identification critical requirements for agricultural productivity. Current diagnostic limitations primarily arise from data scarcity and insufficient discriminative feature representation in existing datasets. This study presents a new tea disease and pest dataset (TDPD, 23-class taxonomy). Five lightweight convolutional neural networks (LCNNs) were systematically evaluated through two optimizers, three learning rate configurations and six distinct scheduling strategies. Additionally, an enhanced MnasNet variant was developed through the integration of SimAM attention mechanisms, which improved feature discriminability and increased the accuracy of tea leaf disease and pest classification. Model validation employs both our proprietary TDPD dataset and an open-access dataset, with performance evaluation metrics including average accuracy, F1 score, recall, and parameter size. The experimental results demonstrated the superior classification performance of the model, which achieved accuracies of 98.03% based on TDPD and 84.58% based on the public dataset. This research outlines an effective paradigm for automated tea disease and pest detection, with direct applications in precision agriculture through integration with UAV-mounted imaging systems and mobile diagnostic platforms. This study provides practical implementation pathways for intelligent tea plantation management.},
}

@article {pmid41086849,
year = {2025},
author = {Saban, KE and Wiens, JJ},
title = {Unpacking the extinction crisis: rates, patterns and causes of recent extinctions in plants and animals.},
journal = {Proceedings. Biological sciences},
volume = {292},
number = {2057},
pages = {20251717},
doi = {10.1098/rspb.2025.1717},
pmid = {41086849},
issn = {1471-2954},
support = {//National Science Foundation, U.S.A./ ; },
mesh = {*Extinction, Biological ; Animals ; *Plants ; *Biodiversity ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Biodiversity loss is one of the greatest challenges facing Earth today. The most direct information on species losses comes from recent extinctions. However, our understanding of these recent, human-related extinctions is incomplete across life, especially their causes and their rates and patterns among clades, across habitats and over time. Furthermore, prominent studies have extrapolated from these extinctions to suggest a current mass extinction event. Such extrapolations assume that recent extinctions predict current extinction risk and are homogeneous among groups, over time and among environments. Here, we analyse rates and patterns of recent extinctions (last 500 years). Surprisingly, past extinctions did not strongly predict current risk among groups. Extinctions varied strongly among groups, and were most frequent among molluscs and some tetrapods, and relatively rare in plants and arthropods. Extinction rates have increased over the last five centuries, but generally declined in the last 100 years. Recent extinctions were predominantly on islands, whereas the majority of non-island extinctions were in freshwater. Island extinctions were most frequently related to invasive species, but habitat loss was the most important cause (and current threat) in continental regions. Overall, we identify the major patterns in recent extinctions but caution against extrapolating them into the future.},
}

*Extinction, Biological
Animals
*Plants
*Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Introduced Species

@article {pmid41016143,
year = {2025},
author = {Chen, X and Pan, Z and Li, N and Chen, J and Du, N and Xu, Y and Wang, Y},
title = {From invasion to remediation: Phytolacca americana outcompetes congeners through superior cadmium hyperaccumulation and stress resilience in contaminated soils.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {304},
number = {},
pages = {119135},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119135},
pmid = {41016143},
issn = {1090-2414},
mesh = {*Cadmium/toxicity/metabolism ; *Soil Pollutants/metabolism/toxicity ; *Phytolacca americana/physiology/metabolism/growth & development/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Stress, Physiological ; Soil/chemistry ; Bioaccumulation ; Environmental Restoration and Remediation ; Proline/metabolism ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Soil heavy metal (HM) pollution and biological invasions synergistically threaten ecosystem stability by impairing plant growth and reproduction. This study investigates the differential adaptability of the invasive Phytolacca americana and its congeneric relatives (P. icosandra and native P. acinosa) under cadmium (Cd) stress. Plants were cultivated in soils with Cd concentrations of 0, 2, 8, and 32 mg kg[-1], and their growth, physiological traits, antioxidant responses, and Cd accumulation were analyzed. Results demonstrated that P. americana exhibited enhanced morphological traits (plant height, leaf area), photosynthetic efficiency, and reproductive output (fruit weight and biomass) under Cd stress, whereas P. icosandra and P. acinosa displayed significant declines. Antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase) and proline content in P. americana increased markedly (e.g., 77.72 % proline elevation under high Cd), mitigating oxidative damage. Additionally, P. americana showed superior Cd bioaccumulation, with translocation factor (TF) 1.25- and 2.08-fold higher than P. icosandra and P. acinosa, respectively, alongside stable bioconcentration factors (BCF) under high Cd. In contrast, P. icosandra exhibited concentration-dependent Cd tolerance, while P. acinosa prioritized root Cd sequestration. Notably, P. americana maintained growth-reproduction equilibrium without trade-offs, a trait absent in its congeners. These findings highlight P. americana's robust Cd adaptability and hyperaccumulation potential, offering insights for ecological restoration of contaminated soils. However, molecular mechanisms and multi-metal interactions warrant further exploration.},
}

*Cadmium/toxicity/metabolism
*Soil Pollutants/metabolism/toxicity
*Phytolacca americana/physiology/metabolism/growth & development/drug effects
Introduced Species
Biodegradation, Environmental
Stress, Physiological
Soil/chemistry
Bioaccumulation
Environmental Restoration and Remediation
Proline/metabolism
Antioxidants/metabolism

@article {pmid41085929,
year = {2025},
author = {Rubio Corona, CG and Rangel Negrín, A and Dias, PAD},
title = {Spatial organization of mantled howler monkeys in relation to dog disturbance.},
journal = {Primates; journal of primatology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41085929},
issn = {1610-7365},
abstract = {Predation risk fundamentally shapes primate social structure by influencing cooperation, competition, and spatial organization within groups. Although domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) represent one of the world's most impactful invasive species affecting wildlife, their influence on primate social structure remains largely understudied. We examined how dog presence and barks influence interindividual proximity among group members in mantled howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata). We studied two habituated groups (10 and 8 adults, respectively) in Veracruz, Mexico, combining 242 h of observational data with experimental playbacks of dog barks at different intensities (40 and 80 dB). We calculated proximity indices from instantaneous sampling of interindividual proximity. Howler monkeys were closer immediately following exposure to dogs, partially supporting our hypothesis that interindividual proximity would change in response to dogs. Contrary to predictions, individuals were farther from each other as bark intensity increased and as proximity to dog stimuli decreased. During longer timeframes, individuals were closer when exposed to low-intensity barks compared to periods without dog stimuli. These findings demonstrate that dogs influence howler monkey spatial organization through context-dependent effects that vary with stimulus characteristics and temporal scale. Despite the short-term nature of this study, the consistency between observational and experimental results suggests these patterns are reliable. Therefore, these results contribute to our understanding of how invasive predators affect primate social structure and highlight the importance of managing free-ranging dogs in areas where they overlap with wildlife populations.},
}

@article {pmid41082708,
year = {2025},
author = {Hoque, MB and Hannan, MA and Haque, P and Tappo, S},
title = {Multi-solvent extraction, quantification and characterisation of tannin from Neltuma juliflora bark: a pathway to sustainable utilisation.},
journal = {Natural product research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-9},
doi = {10.1080/14786419.2025.2572037},
pmid = {41082708},
issn = {1478-6427},
abstract = {This research investigates the extraction, quantification and characterisation of tannin from the bark of Neltuma juliflora (Sw.) Raf. (N. juliflora, formerly known as Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC.), an invasive species that is widely available but underutilised. Various solvent extraction techniques, including single-phase, combined and sequential extractions, were evaluated. The highest tannin yield (85%) was obtained with 4% NaOH in single-phase extraction, while combined extraction resulted in the highest tannin purity (85.91%). Sequential extraction demonstrated solvent selectivity, with methanol producing the highest extract (93.6%) and acetone yielding a highly purified fraction (83.14%). The presence of essential tannin functional groups was validated by Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis of band gap energy indicated values between 4.00 and 5.09 eV, varying with the extraction method. These findings underscore N. juliflora as a promising sustainable tannin source, which offers an eco-friendly alternative to conventional sources and supports invasive species control efforts.},
}

@article {pmid41081885,
year = {2025},
author = {Lou, Y and Tao, W and Wang, ZA},
title = {Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition II: PDE models.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {55},
pmid = {41081885},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {*Predatory Behavior ; Animals ; *Models, Biological ; Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data ; *Food Chain ; Mathematical Concepts ; Competitive Behavior ; Computer Simulation ; Ecosystem ; Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {In Lou et al. (Lou Y, Tao W, Wang Z-A. Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition I: ODE models. J. Math. Biol. 91 (2025), 47, 37 pages), the authors investigated the effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition using a temporal (ODE) system consisting of one predator and two prey species (one is native and the other is invasive) with Holling type I and II functional responses. This paper is a sequel to Lou et al. (Lou Y, Tao W, Wang Z-A. Effects and biological consequences of the predator-mediated apparent competition I: ODE models. J. Math. Biol. 91 (2025), 47, 37 pages.), by including spatial movements (diffusion and prey-taxis) into the ODE system and examining the spatial effects on the population dynamics under the predator-mediated apparent competition. We establish the global boundedness of solutions in a two-dimensional bounded domain with Neumann boundary conditions and the global stability of constant steady states in certain parameter regimes, by which we find a threshold dynamics in terms of the predator's death rate. For the parameters outside the global stability regimes, we conduct a linear stability analysis to show that diffusion and/or prey-taxis can induce instability by both steady-state and Hopf bifurcations. We further use numerical simulations to illustrate that various spatial patterns are all possible, including stable spatial aggregation patterns, spatially homogeneous but time-periodic patterns, and spatially inhomogeneous and time-oscillatory patterns. It comes with a surprise that either of diffusion and prey-taxis can induce steady-state or Hopf bifurcations to generate intricate spatial patterns in the one predator-two prey system, which is sharply different from the one predator-one prey system for which neither diffusion nor prey-taxis can induce spatial patterns. These results show that spatial movements play profound roles in the emerging properties for predator-prey systems with multiple prey species. We also find that prey-taxis may play dual roles (stabilization and destabilization) and facilitate the predator-mediated apparent competition to eliminate the native prey species under the moderate initial mass of invasive prey species.},
}

*Predatory Behavior
Animals
*Models, Biological
Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data
*Food Chain
Mathematical Concepts
Competitive Behavior
Computer Simulation
Ecosystem
Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid41080488,
year = {2025},
author = {Sánchez, O and Quiñonero-Salgado, S and Nagel, KO and López-Soriano, J and Arias, A},
title = {What Are We Protecting? On the Silent Arrival of Anodonta cygnea to Spain.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e71600},
pmid = {41080488},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Freshwater mussels play essential roles in ecosystem processes, such as water filtration and nutrient cycling, but, in the last decades, they have become increasingly threatened by habitat destruction, pollution, and the arrival of invasive species. In this study, a living population of the bivalve Anodonta cygnea is reported in Catalonia, Spain, based on molecular and morphological analyses. A comparison with A. anatina from a nearby population in southern France highlights the importance of using genetic tools to accurately distinguish between closely related freshwater mussel species. The introduction of A. cygnea likely reflects a recent range expansion, facilitated by human activities and environmental changes in the region. Its establishment in local ecosystems raises concerns about potential ecological impacts, including competition with native species and alteration of freshwater habitats. These findings underscore the critical need for effective monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the ecological risks associated with invasive species. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating molecular methods into conservation efforts to improve the understanding of species distributions and address the challenges posed by biodiversity loss in aquatic ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid41080473,
year = {2025},
author = {Roberts, JJ and Wignall, A and Brunton, DH},
title = {Movement Ecology of Adult Male Threatened Katipō (Latrodectus katipo) and Invasive False Katipō (Steatoda capensis).},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72232},
pmid = {41080473},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Studies in movement ecology are crucial for understanding how physical performance affects an animal's ability to find resources, including new ranges or mating opportunities. Invasive species frequently exhibit high levels of boldness and exploratory behaviour, enhancing their ability to establish and spread in new environments. Our study compared the locomotor performance and exploration behaviour of adult male endemic katipō (Latrodectus katipo) and adult male invasive false katipō (Steatoda capensis) spiders collected from a sympatric population. We compared the locomotory and exploration behaviour of these two spider species within the context of differences in their distribution patterns and conservation classification. We conducted three laboratory assays (maze, pole and track) to compare exploration, climbing and running behaviours, respectively. We found that male false katipō are more exploratory than katipō. This aligns with the false katipō's broader habitat range. Male katipō and false katipō had similar pole climbing behaviours, which may reflect the similar use of vertical space within refuges of the two species. False katipō completed the running track faster and more often without stopping when compared to katipō. In contrast, katipō would occasionally freeze while being followed down the track with a paintbrush. Our study provides insight into the comparative locomotor performance of katipō and false katipō, highlighting the potential impacts of physical and behavioural traits on invasive species success and native species decline.},
}

@article {pmid41070939,
year = {2025},
author = {Cochrane, MM and Cline, TJ and Schmidt, TS and Dunnigan, JL and Warnock, WG and Muhlfeld, CC},
title = {Non-native prey availability and over-compensatory density dependence drive population dynamics of a native fish predator.},
journal = {Ecological applications : a publication of the Ecological Society of America},
volume = {35},
number = {7},
pages = {e70103},
pmid = {41070939},
issn = {1939-5582},
support = {//Bonneville Power Administration/ ; //U.S. Geological Survey/ ; //USGS Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center/ ; //USGS Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Population Dynamics ; *Trout/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; *Predatory Behavior ; Population Density ; *Food Chain ; Models, Biological ; *Oncorhynchus/physiology ; },
abstract = {Understanding the factors that regulate population dynamics is crucial for conserving imperiled species. Bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), a piscivorous salmonid and one of North America's most threatened cold-water species, has declined significantly due to habitat loss, overfishing, invasive species, and climate change. While recovery efforts have primarily targeted these threats, the role of prey availability in influencing bull trout population dynamics under multiple stressors remains poorly understood. Using a stage-based integrated population model, we quantified the effects of non-native prey availability (kokanee; Oncorhynchus nerka), angling pressure, climatic variation, and density-dependent processes on bull trout population dynamics in Lake Koocanusa, a transboundary reservoir and river system (United States and Canada), over a 40-year period (1980-2023). Our results show that bull trout populations are regulated by density-dependent processes, including over-compensation in sub-adult recruitment and reduced adult survival at high densities. Increased kokanee biomass and restricted harvest significantly enhanced bull trout survival and abundance, whereas reduced water availability had a limited negative effect on sub-adult production. Model simulations indicate that as kokanee biomass availability increases, the number of bull trout that can be sustainably harvested also increases. In fact, a modest annual fishery (300 individuals) can be sustained, especially under moderate to high kokanee biomass conditions. These results underscore the importance of prey availability, including non-native species, in supporting bull trout populations. Effective management of threatened apex fish predators like bull trout requires addressing the complex interplay between environmental threats, prey dynamics, and density-dependent mechanisms across all life stages.},
}

Animals
Population Dynamics
*Trout/physiology
*Introduced Species
*Predatory Behavior
Population Density
*Food Chain
Models, Biological
*Oncorhynchus/physiology

@article {pmid40818505,
year = {2025},
author = {Kim, KS and Chetty, D and Chouvenc, T and Velenovsky, JF and Lee, SB and Rana, S and Vargo, EL},
title = {Transgressive gene expression disrupts the molting process in hybrids of two invasive termites.},
journal = {Insect biochemistry and molecular biology},
volume = {184},
number = {},
pages = {104383},
doi = {10.1016/j.ibmb.2025.104383},
pmid = {40818505},
issn = {1879-0240},
mesh = {Animals ; *Isoptera/genetics/growth & development/metabolism ; *Molting/genetics ; *Hybridization, Genetic ; Introduced Species ; Gene Expression ; },
abstract = {The Formosan subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus) and the Asian subterranean termite (Coptotermes gestroi) are among the most destructive termite pests in the world. Both species have spread to various regions worldwide with overlapping distributions in a few areas where they can potentially hybridize. Observations suggest that workers in hybrid colonies are slower to molt than those of the parental species, suggesting a disruption in the molting process as a form of hybrid incompatibility. Our goal was to identify misexpressed genes in hybrids during the molting process to help uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying molting disruption. We conducted RNA-seq and identified molting-related genes by performing a time course analysis on differentially expressed transcripts. We identified molting-related genes during each stage of the molting cycle (pre-, post- and inter-molt) in the parental species. We then compared expression levels of these genes in the hybrids to identify genes that were transgressively expressed (either over- or under-expressed) compared to the parental species. We identified several genes related to the molting cycle, muscle contraction, response to stress, and ecdysone metabolism that were under-expressed in hybrids relative to their parents. These differences may help explain the disruption of molting in hybrids and provide insights into the effects of hybridization on misexpression of genes during critical periods of growth and development. Moreover, identification of molting related genes in subterranean termites highlights the molecular pathways involved in the molting process in this group of insects with high developmental plasticity.},
}

Animals
*Isoptera/genetics/growth & development/metabolism
*Molting/genetics
*Hybridization, Genetic
Introduced Species
Gene Expression

@article {pmid41069111,
year = {2025},
author = {Austin, MW and Kaul, AD and Smith, AB and Rothendler, M and Primack, RB},
title = {Herbarium specimens reveal regional patterns of tallgrass prairie invasion and changing species abundance across 130 years.},
journal = {The New phytologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/nph.70632},
pmid = {41069111},
issn = {1469-8137},
abstract = {The spread of non-native species is an acute threat to global biodiversity. However, a lack of long-term, spatially widespread occurrence data has prevented investigation of how multispecies invasions affect native assemblages. We harnessed > 65 000 digitized herbarium specimens across 522 species to study how relative abundances of native and non-native species in the tallgrass prairie flora have changed since the 1890s across three ecoregions of Missouri, USA. To validate specimen-based relative abundances against standardized field surveys, we compiled 65 paired field-herbarium datasets and tested whether native percent cover positively correlates with the relative abundance of native specimens. Non-natives were more likely to have increased in the Interior Plain and Interior Highland, while species that changed abundance in the Atlantic Plain were more likely to have decreased regardless of native status. Native percent cover and relative abundance of native specimens were positively correlated (R[2] = 0.175), and trends were robust to overall sample size through time. Our results support using herbarium specimens for investigating relative abundance shifts of native and non-native species. Specimen-based relative abundance shifts have scientific value for providing quick, taxonomically and spatially broad overviews of how non-natives have affected native assemblages, which can guide more precise, fine-scale investigations.},
}

@article {pmid41065491,
year = {2025},
author = {Sensui, N and Hirose, E},
title = {Ascidian Larvae Prefer Hydrophobic Substrates for Settlement.},
journal = {Zoological science},
volume = {42},
number = {5},
pages = {478-483},
doi = {10.2108/zs250022},
pmid = {41065491},
issn = {0289-0003},
mesh = {Animals ; Larva/physiology ; *Urochordata/physiology/growth & development ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Wettability ; },
abstract = {The selection of settlement sites by larvae is a crucial event in the life cycle of sessile animals, as they are usually unable to migrate after settlement and metamorphosis into sessile forms. For example, some species prefer hydrophilic substrates, whereas others prefer hydrophobic substrates. Understanding larval preferences for substrates will provide an essential basis for controlling biofouling. In this study, we focused on the water wettability of substrates for settlement and investigated larval substrate preference in three ascidian species, Phallusia philipinennsis, Ascidia sydneiensis, and Ciona robusta (= C. intestinalis type A), using a four-choice assay with substrates of different water wettability (contact angle of a water droplet): silicone rubber (115°), polyvinyl chloride (80°), glass (31°), and hydrophilic film SH2CLHF (14°). In some regions of the world, A. sydneiensis and C. robusta are often noted as invasive species and are serious biofoulants. In all three species, larvae showed a significant preference for more hydrophobic substrates, and none settled on the most hydrophilic substrate, that is, SH2CLHF. It is difficult to explain why ascidian larvae prefer a more hydrophobic substrate, since hydrophobic materials, such as silicon, are often used as antifouling measures. This inconsistent substrate preference can be applied to mitigate biofouling.},
}

Animals
Larva/physiology
*Urochordata/physiology/growth & development
Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
Wettability

@article {pmid41064847,
year = {2025},
author = {Putra, DF and Abbas, MA and Siregar, TN and Wowor, D},
title = {Diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Macrobrachium shrimp in freshwater ecosystems of Aceh, Indonesia.},
journal = {Veterinary world},
volume = {18},
number = {8},
pages = {2377-2394},
pmid = {41064847},
issn = {0972-8988},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Freshwater shrimps of the genus Macrobrachium play key ecological and socioeconomic roles in tropical freshwater ecosystems. However, their diversity, habitat associations, and conservation status remain understudied in Aceh Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to (1) assess the diversity and morphometric variation of Macrobrachium species, (2) map their distribution across lotic and lentic habitats in Aceh, (3) Assess the impact of environment variable on species composition and richness and (4) evaluate their conservation status based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria and local environmental threats.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Field sampling was conducted from September 2022 to December 2023 across 24 sites spanning 13 districts. Specimens were collected using hand nets and traps, and identified using morphological and morphometric criteria. Environmental parameters (temperature, pH, velocity, and substrate) were recorded, and biodiversity indices were calculated. Species distribution and conservation status were analyzed using local distribution (LD) indices and IUCN Red List categories.

RESULTS: A total of 1,303 Macrobrachium specimens representing 13 species were recorded. Macrobrachium lanchesteri was the most abundant and widely distributed species (LD = 50%), particularly in lentic habitats. Species such as Macrobrachium pilimanus and Macrobrachium lar showed narrow distributions. Lotic habitats supported higher species diversity (H' = 1.28) compared to lentic ones. Environmental variables significantly influenced species presence. While 10 species were categorized as least concern, three species (Macrobrachium australe, Macrobrachium esculentum, Macrobrachium mammillodactylus) were unlisted by the IUCN, indicating data deficiency. Evidence of invasive species presence and habitat degradation was observed in several sites.

CONCLUSION: Aceh hosts a diverse assemblage of Macrobrachium species, but they are vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbances and invasive species. The findings underscore the need for habitat conservation, sustainable fisheries management, and expanded monitoring-particularly for data-deficient species and those with narrow distributions. Molecular tools and long-term ecological monitoring are recommended for future research to better support regional conservation planning.},
}

@article {pmid41062781,
year = {2025},
author = {de Souza, MBN and Campelo, BRM and Monteiro, AJD and de Lima, DB and Melo, JWDS},
title = {Predictive Modeling of the Distribution of the Red Palm Weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Brazil: Identifying Vulnerable Areas and Potential Impacts.},
journal = {Neotropical entomology},
volume = {54},
number = {1},
pages = {106},
pmid = {41062781},
issn = {1678-8052},
support = {312560/2023-0//CNPq/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Brazil ; *Weevils/physiology ; *Arecaceae ; *Animal Distribution ; Models, Theoretical ; Biodiversity ; Introduced Species ; },
abstract = {Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), commonly known as the red palm weevil, is one of the most destructive invasive pests threatening palm species worldwide. Its rapid global spread has been facilitated by the international trade of infested plant material and its cryptic life cycle. In Brazil, a country with one of the highest palm species diversities and significant coconut production along its coastline, the introduction and establishment of R. ferrugineus pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and the agricultural economy. In this study, we used the MaxEnt modeling approach to predict the potential distribution of R. ferrugineus in Brazil, based on 79 occurrence records and nine selected bioclimatic variables. The consensus model exhibited excellent predictive performance (AUC = 0.95, TSS = 0.84). Our results indicate that coastal areas of the Northeast, Southeast, and South regions present high environmental suitability for the species, with low uncertainty, while portions of the Amazon show moderate suitability coupled with higher uncertainty. The mean temperature of the driest quarter (BIO9) was identified as the most influential variable, aligning with the species' thermal preferences. The presence of highly suitable areas overlapping regions of dense palm diversity and economically important crops underscores the urgent need for early detection and integrated management strategies. Our findings provide critical insights for biosecurity planning and highlight Brazil's vulnerability to R. ferrugineus invasion.},
}

Animals
Brazil
*Weevils/physiology
*Arecaceae
*Animal Distribution
Models, Theoretical
Biodiversity
Introduced Species

@article {pmid41062602,
year = {2025},
author = {Bernardo, U and Nugnes, F and Ascolese, R and Carbone, C and Miele, F and Innangi, M and Di Febbraro, M},
title = {Predicting the invasion risk of Bactrocera dorsalis in Italy under climate and land cover change.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {35096},
pmid = {41062602},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {URCoFi project (Unità Regionale Coordinamento Fitosanitario)//Regione Campania/ ; Agritech National Research Center (Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza (PNRR) - missione 4 componente 2, investimento 1.4 - d.d. 1032 17/06/2022, cn00000022)//European Union Next-GenerationEU/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Italy ; *Tephritidae/physiology ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Climate Change ; },
abstract = {Bactrocera dorsalis, the oriental fruit fly (OFF), is a highly polyphagous and multivoltine invasive insect threatening over 600 fruit crop species globally. Originating in Asia, OFF has spread to Africa, Europe, and the United States. This study assessed the current and future potential distribution of OFF in Italy, a likely entry point for its invasion into Europe. Climate and land cover changes projected for 2070 and 2100 were considered. Potential connectivity corridors were identified, and habitat suitability was evaluated within orchards and vineyards. Ecological Niche Models (ENMs) and connectivity analyses revealed a dramatic increase in suitable habitats for OFF under future scenarios. The potential distribution is projected to expand on average by over 1600% under mild conditions and over 7000% under severe conditions, up to 2100. Key environmental factors include mean temperature of the driest quarter, isothermality, precipitation during the driest months, and proximity to forests, urban areas, and roads. Our findings suggest a significant rise in OFF suitability within agricultural areas, particularly vineyards and orchards, posing increased risks to these sectors. Effective management strategies - possibly supported by ecological modelling such as this study - should focus on mass trapping, habitat management, and public awareness to mitigate and contain this pest's spread. These predictions are based on the working assumption that B. dorsalis is locally acclimatized in inland Campania, southern Italy. Although definitive evidence of establishment is still pending, repeated detections in the same area over four consecutive years support the use of Italian records in risk modelling as an early warning strategy.},
}

Animals
Italy
*Tephritidae/physiology
*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
*Climate Change

@article {pmid41061551,
year = {2025},
author = {Gunasekaran, K and Mghili, B and Sompongchaiyakul, P and De-la-Torre, GE and Machendiranathan, M and Bottari, T and Mancuso, M and Charoenpong, C and Chinfak, N},
title = {Potential of marine litter for range expansion of the invasive mussel Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) along the Indian coast.},
journal = {Marine pollution bulletin},
volume = {222},
number = {Pt 2},
pages = {118812},
doi = {10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118812},
pmid = {41061551},
issn = {1879-3363},
abstract = {Marine litter is a key vector of dispersing invasive species in the marine environment. However, our knowledge of the ecological interactions between these species and litter is still incomplete. Here, we investigated the substrate preferences and physical characteristics of marine litter colonized by the invasive mussel Mytella strigata, and explored the role of litter in the population expansion of this species along the Tamil Nadu coast, India. A total of 72 fouled debris were observed along the study areas. The majority of the fouling litter was composed of plastic (87.5 %), followed by rubber (4.2 %), wood (4.2 %), glass (2.8 %) and metal (1.4 %). A total of 2637 individuals of M. strigata were recorded on the marine litter, with recruitment on plastic substrates. Particularly, M. strigata were most common on large marine litter with irregular or cylindrical shapes, rough surfaces and transparent, blue or green colours. Our work provides evidence that marine litter can play a role in the reproduction of this invasive mussel. Consequently, M. strigata benefits from the litter substrates and the habitat complexity created by anthropogenic materials along the Tamil Nadu coast, enhancing its survival and reproduction. This could promote the expansion of the M. strigata population and thus affect the composition and structure of the marine ecosystem.},
}

@article {pmid41061534,
year = {2025},
author = {Anas, M and Huang, ZY and Xiong, H and Imran, M and Yan, MT and Javed, Q and Ren, GQ and Qi, SS and Li, J and Dai, ZC and Du, DL},
title = {Response of invasive Solidago canadensis to foliar application of natural herbicide and glyphosate.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127522},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127522},
pmid = {41061534},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Biological invasion changes the ecological and physiological functions of invaded ecosystems. Various control methods, including tillage, digging, burning, and chemical treatments, have been tested to manage invasive plant species. The commonly used broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate is often applied for unwanted plant control. However, it has a significant residual impact on underground water, sediments, and drinking water, reaching levels of up to 70 μg/L. This poses risks to aquatic species, microflora, and human health. In this study, a natural herbicide derived from Sorghum bicolor root extract was foliar sprayed at different concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 %) along with low and high concentrations of glyphosate to control the growth of Solidago canadensis. The natural herbicide demonstrated significant potential to change the morphology, physiology, and biochemistry of S. canadensis under high concentrations, reducing the reliance on glyphosate by up to 60 %. It led to a decrease in root biomass ranging from 26 % to 81 %, leaf area reduction of 11 %-60 %, and a decrease in photosystem II efficiency. Catalase and ascorbate peroxidase activities were also significantly affected, showing a decrease of 49 %-77 %, and stomatal pore size was reduced from 58 % to 91 %. This may impede the gaseous exchange between the plant and its surroundings. The use of the natural herbicide, in combination with low concentrations of glyphosate, holds the potential to manage S. canadensis, control biological invasion, and mitigate the residual effects of glyphosate by inhibiting the shikimate pathway.},
}

@article {pmid41060262,
year = {2025},
author = {Ogburn, EC and Schoof, SC and Reisig, DD and Kennedy, GG and Walgenbach, JF},
title = {Validation of phenology models for Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) using field data from climatically different ecoregions.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf097},
pmid = {41060262},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {2016-51181-25409//Specialty Crop Research Initiative program/ ; NCO-02887//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; NCO-02778//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; NCO-02015//Research Capacity Funds (Hatch)/ ; //U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Institute of Food and Agriculture/ ; },
abstract = {Halyomorpha halys (Stål), an invasive species of Asian origin, has become a key pest of tree fruit in areas of the Eastern and Pacific Northwest United States. This study used a 5-yr dataset of pheromone trap captures from 4 ecoregions (Mountains, Piedmont, Southeastern Plains, and Atlantic Coastal Plain) of North Carolina to validate temperature-driven phenology models previously reported for oviposition by overwintering adults and eclosion of F1 adults using semi-field cage studies. Cumulative proportion of pheromone trap captures of F1 adults and nymphs over cumulative degree days was compared to predictions based on the previously reported models' quadratic equation curves for adult eclosion (y = -0.0000015x2 + 0.004736x - 2.664) and oviposition (y = 0.0000032x2 - 0.010853x + 9.050). The oviposition model was validated using projected oviposition curves to predict nymphal populations over time by using life stage-specific development and mortality rates. Analysis of coefficients of determination (R2) for all regressions showed that F1 adult model predictions varied by region and year. Mean R2 values in the Mountain, Piedmont, and Southeastern Plains ecoregions for F1 adults were 0.88, 0.93, and 0.93, respectively. Nymphal regressions also varied by ecoregion, with mean R2 values of 0.95, 0.86, and 0.88 in the Mountains, Piedmont, and Southeastern Plains, respectively. Differences among regions were mostly associated with lower R2 values at sites with low population densities. Results are discussed in relation to the value of these models in studying the ecology of invasive species and in informing pest management decisions.},
}

@article {pmid41059537,
year = {2025},
author = {Moore, C and Aukema, BH and Leone, JB and Jetton, RM and Petrice, TR and Ambourn, A and Venette, RC},
title = {Survival of elongate hemlock scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) with prolonged cold exposure: overwintering mortality risk across North America.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf096},
pmid = {41059537},
issn = {1938-2936},
abstract = {Elongate hemlock scale, Fiorinia externa Ferris (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), is an invasive pest of eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, and other Pinaceae such as Fraser fir, Abies fraseri. Cut Fraser firs (ie for Christmas trees and other holiday greenery) with F. externa have been intercepted in US states beyond where the insect is known to be established and, in some cases, where exposure to freezing temperatures might be prolonged. This study measures the effect of constant low temperatures (3, -10, or -20 °C) on survival of overwintering F. externa females from eastern hemlock in Michigan and from eastern hemlock and Fraser fir in North Carolina. Survival was determined with biochemical viability testing, which assesses the presence of metabolically active cells, and changes in survivorship through time were quantified with Kaplan-Meier methods and beta regression. Collection date and host occasionally affected survival rate but not in a consistent pattern. Survival rates generally decreased as temperature decreased. At 3 °C, F. externa maintained high survival (>75%). At -10 °C, survival was projected to fall to 50% within 22 to 92 d and 10% by 45 to 195 d. At -20 °C, survival typically declined to 50% by 1 to 27 d and 10% by 6 to 52 d. We used survival durations at -20 °C to map how often F. externa might experience 50 or 90% mortality from prolonged cold exposure. Temperatures in recent winters have not been below -20 °C for long enough to stop F. externa from spreading throughout the ranges of eastern hemlock or other hosts in Canada and the continental United States.},
}

@article {pmid41058313,
year = {2025},
author = {McKee, SC and Koppes, P and Miller, RS and Selleck, M and Shwiff, SA},
title = {Wild pigs, wild costs: the economic consequences of wild pig invasions in the United States.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70247},
pmid = {41058313},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//National Feral Swine Damage Management Program/ ; //Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wild pigs (Sus scrofa), an invasive species in the United States, cause extensive ecological and economic harm, impacting agriculture, forests, ecosystems, water quality, property, and human health and safety. Despite the substantial economic impacts, existing nationwide monetary assessments of wild pig damage are outdated and lack modern scientific rigor.

RESULTS: By synthesizing data from scientific journals, this study inventories the scope of wild pig damage, highlights gaps in our understanding of the associated costs, and introduces a novel composite approach to visualizing them. Additionally, it provides an updated conservative estimate of the economic costs associated with wild pig damage in the U.S. by combining known costs with reasonable extrapolations. While our analysis indicates a minimum annual cost of US$3.4 billion associated with wild pig invasions in the U.S. - considering agriculture, health, the environment and property - the true economic impact is likely to be far greater and remains largely unknown.

CONCLUSION: The study underscores the urgent need for standardized damage assessment protocols and increased research investment to accurately quantify the full economic burden of wild pig invasion. These data are critical for informed policy decisions and optimized resource allocation in wild pig management. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.},
}

@article {pmid40866180,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, B and Ding, J and Huang, W and Siemann, E},
title = {Escaping enemies enhances invader mutualisms: role of metabolites.},
journal = {Trends in ecology & evolution},
volume = {40},
number = {10},
pages = {945-948},
doi = {10.1016/j.tree.2025.08.001},
pmid = {40866180},
issn = {1872-8383},
mesh = {*Symbiosis ; *Introduced Species ; Biological Evolution ; *Plants/metabolism ; *Plant Physiological Phenomena ; Animals ; },
abstract = {Non-native plants often outperform native plants by escaping natural enemies and forming mutualistic relationships in new ranges. However, the causal relationships and mechanisms linking these interactions remain largely unclear. Metabolite reallocation may play a crucial role in linking ecological and evolutionary shifts between antagonistic and mutualistic interactions of non-native plants.},
}

*Symbiosis
*Introduced Species
Biological Evolution
*Plants/metabolism
*Plant Physiological Phenomena
Animals

@article {pmid40583797,
year = {2025},
author = {Alto, BW and Kizgin, AD and Toroslu, AM and Arslanhan, BA and Diop, SD and Pekmezci, GZ and Sanchez, Y and İbiş, O and Inci, A and Yildirim, A},
title = {Larval competition between invasive Aedes albopictus and resident Culex pipiens mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from Türkiye in the presence of an insect growth regulator.},
journal = {Journal of medical entomology},
volume = {62},
number = {5},
pages = {1146-1161},
doi = {10.1093/jme/tjaf079},
pmid = {40583797},
issn = {1938-2928},
support = {//University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agriculture Sciences/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Aedes/growth & development/physiology/drug effects ; *Culex/growth & development/physiology/drug effects ; Larva/growth & development/physiology/drug effects ; Female ; *Pyridines/pharmacology ; *Juvenile Hormones/pharmacology ; *Competitive Behavior/drug effects ; Introduced Species ; *Mosquito Vectors/growth & development/physiology ; *Insecticides/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {The spread of the invasive mosquito Aedes albopictus in Türkiye may influence other vectors and traits related to their ability to transmit arboviruses. Interspecific competition between Ae. albopictus and the resident vector of West Nile virus (WNV), Culex pipiens can influence WNV transmission through changes in the abundance of Cx. pipiens and the phenotypic traits of adults. Furthermore, environmental factors can modify interspecific competition, especially if the factor differentially impinges upon the superior competitor. To improve our understanding of competition's influence on traits of mosquitoes that relate to arbovirus transmission, we tested 2 hypotheses: Exposure to the insecticide pyriproxyfen alters interspecific competition among larval Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens, and competitive asymmetry favoring Ae. albopictus over Cx. pipiens alters survival of adult females. Interspecific and intraspecific larval competition were evaluated with 2 detritus types and in the presence or absence of pyriproxyfen. Higher intra- and interspecific competition reduced survivorship to adulthood, lengthened development, and yielded smaller sized adults of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens. The presence of pyriproxyfen had minimal impact on the competitive outcomes. Interspecific interactions exhibited competitive asymmetry with Ae. albopictus being competitively dominant over Cx. pipiens. Survival of adult females was differentially compromised under high competition conditions. Adult survival was lengthened for Ae. albopictus and shortened for Cx. pipiens derived from interspecific conditions relative to intraspecific treatments. These results demonstrate how competitive asymmetry among the larvae of an invasive and resident mosquito can influence recruitment of adults and their survival, factors predicted to be important to transmission of arboviruses.},
}

Animals
*Aedes/growth & development/physiology/drug effects
*Culex/growth & development/physiology/drug effects
Larva/growth & development/physiology/drug effects
Female
*Pyridines/pharmacology
*Juvenile Hormones/pharmacology
*Competitive Behavior/drug effects
Introduced Species
*Mosquito Vectors/growth & development/physiology
*Insecticides/pharmacology

@article {pmid41057774,
year = {2025},
author = {Almojil, D and Manikandan, V and Drou, N and Measey, J and Boissinot, S},
title = {The two sub-genomes of the allotetraploid frog Xenopus laevis are evolving under similar selective pressure in extant populations.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {887},
pmid = {41057774},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {AD180//NYUAD Grant AD180 and Tamkeen under the NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute/ ; },
abstract = {The model species Xenopus laevis is an allotetraploid species, whose genome consists of two sub-genomes (the L and S sub-genomes) that were inherited from its parental species. Previous studies comparing the genome of X. laevis with other species of the genus revealed that the L sub-genome was more conserved than the S sub-genome suggesting it has been evolving under stronger purifying selection. However, it remains unclear if this difference reflects evolutionary processes that are still at play in extant populations. To answer this question, we conducted the first genome-wide survey of variation in this species by re-sequencing 44 individuals from its native South African range at ~ 10 × coverage. We generated a dataset of ~ 260M SNPs, which constitutes a valuable resource for the Xenopus community. We found that the South African populations of X. laevis are highly structured and differentiated, reflecting ancient divergence followed by more recent admixture at contact zones. We also determined that the landscapes of variation of the L and S sub-genomes do not show any significant differences suggesting that the two sub-genomes are responding to evolutionary forces in a similar manner. In particular we showed that purifying selection and positive selection are acting identically on the two sub-genomes, suggesting that the sub-genomes of X. laevis are evolving under similar selective pressure. Since 60% of the ancestral homeologous genes have been retained in X. laevis, this result suggests that the function of those genes is conserved on both sub-genomes or that a large number of genes has experienced neo- or sub-functionalization.},
}

@article {pmid41057438,
year = {2025},
author = {Shauer, M and Zangaro, F and Specchia, V and Pinna, M},
title = {Investigating invasion patterns of Callinectes sapidus and the relation with research effort and climate change in the Mediterranean Sea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34967},
pmid = {41057438},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC-Italy)/ ; CN_00000033//National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC-Italy)/ ; BlueDiversity//Interreg Italy-Croatia 2021- 2027, First Call/ ; CL6-2022-BIODIV-01//EU HORIZON, Pro-Coast/ ; },
mesh = {Mediterranean Sea ; *Climate Change ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; Ecosystem ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {The ecological stability of Mediterranean marine ecosystems is increasingly threatened by invasive alien species (IAS). This study examines the invasion dynamics of Callinectes sapidus, a high-risk and readily identifiable IAS across the Adriatic, Ionian, and Central Mediterranean subregions. A comprehensive dataset of published scientific and local ecological knowledge (LEK) records was compiled to analyze spatial and temporal patterns of diffusion. An increase in reported occurrences was found across the entire study area, spreading from south to north. Heterogeneous sampling methods hinder direct comparisons across regions, underscoring the need for standardized reporting protocols. LEK supported the clarification of overall patterns of C. sapidus diffusion and enhanced the resolution of temporal and spatial distribution data. The temporal progression of the invasion aligns with phases of arrival, establishment, and expansion. A close association was observed with both research effort and rising sea surface temperatures (SST). This study highlights the importance of integrating climate data and community-based knowledge in IAS monitoring and demonstrates a methodology for assessing climate-linked biological invasions in marine environments.},
}

Mediterranean Sea
*Climate Change
*Introduced Species
Animals
Ecosystem
Temperature

@article {pmid41057409,
year = {2025},
author = {Kędra, K and Jagodziński, AM},
title = {Predicting the co-invasion of two Asteraceae plant genera in post-mining landscapes using satellite remote sensing and airborne LiDAR.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34877},
pmid = {41057409},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {OPUS 2019/35/B/ST10/04141//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; OPUS 2019/35/B/ST10/04141//Narodowe Centrum Nauki/ ; },
mesh = {*Remote Sensing Technology/methods ; *Asteraceae/physiology/growth & development ; Ecosystem ; *Introduced Species ; *Mining ; Poland ; Machine Learning ; Satellite Imagery ; },
abstract = {The Asteraceae plant family includes the most widespread weedy invaders in Europe, which may jointly inhibit natural succession in degraded land under restoration. The complex local drivers of co-invasions hinder remote sensing (RS) monitoring efforts, as the links between the ecological and the spectral habitat properties are largely unknown. We proposed a comprehensive framework for machine learning modeling of the co-invasion of two Erigeron spp. and two Solidago spp. in post-mining landscapes of S Poland, using both field data and a combination of Sentinel-2, Landsat 7 and airborne LiDAR RS predictors. Stochastic Gradient Boosting best captured the non-linear dependencies (Accuracy = 0.670-0.886, AUC = 0.675-0.923), and generally outcompeted two other classifiers (Random Forest and Support Vector Machines with a Radial Basis Function Kernel). The field-based functional diversity metrics were the strongest predictors, corroborating improved resistance to invasions by native plant functional richness. In terms of RS data, the most favorable conditions for co-invasion were identified by a narrow range of reflectance in the red-edge interval of a Sentinel-2 image, and constrained by LiDAR-derived vegetation height (for Erigeron spp.) and by high land surface temperatures (for Solidago spp.). The highest share of patches suitable for co-invasion was consistently found in the low vegetation land cover class, between 36% and 64% cover. We therefore advise considering particular management actions, such as increasing the supply of native seed, thus improving local community resistance to invasions. The proposed methods and openly available RS predictors may facilitate targeted monitoring and cost-effective management interventions.},
}

*Remote Sensing Technology/methods
*Asteraceae/physiology/growth & development
Ecosystem
*Introduced Species
*Mining
Poland
Machine Learning
Satellite Imagery

@article {pmid41055980,
year = {2025},
author = {Heinen, JH and Drake, DR and McConkey, K and Hume, JP and Albert, S and Ando, H and Baider, C and Bellingham, PJ and Case, SB and Chimera, CG and Florens, FBV and Fricke, EC and Gawel, AM and González-Castro, A and Heleno, R and Hervias-Parejo, S and Hruska, A and Imada, CT and de Lima, RF and Nogales, M and Rogers, HS and Rumeu, B and Strasberg, D and Traveset, A and Valido, A and Watanabe, K and Wotton, D and Yoshikawa, T and Rahbek, C and Borregaard, MK},
title = {Species introductions shift seed dispersal potential more than extinctions across 120 island plant-frugivore communities.},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America},
volume = {122},
number = {41},
pages = {e2423438122},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2423438122},
pmid = {41055980},
issn = {1091-6490},
support = {DNRF96//Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF)/ ; CF19-0695//Carlsbergfondet (Carlsberg Foundation)/ ; CF23-0890//Carlsbergfondet (Carlsberg Foundation)/ ; CF23-0890//Linacre College, University of Oxford/ ; 25925//Villum Fonden (Villum Foundation)/ ; 0//New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation, and Employment Endeavour Fund programme Te Mana o Rangitāhua/ ; 0//Gerrit Parmile Wilder Endowed Chair in Botany at the University of Hawai'i/ ; CE3C CHANGE CFE TERRA//Fundação para a Ciencia e Tecnologica/ ; PGC2018-099772-B-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; PID2023-152357NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; PID2022-137906NB-I00//Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities/ ; },
mesh = {*Seed Dispersal/physiology ; Animals ; Islands ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Birds/physiology ; Mammals/physiology ; Seeds ; Plants ; Herbivory ; Fruit ; Reptiles/physiology ; },
abstract = {Oceanic islands are hotspots of both species extinctions and introductions, which led to marked changes in species composition. This may disrupt key ecological interactions, such as animal-mediated seed dispersal, with potential long-term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning. While some recent studies on individual taxa and islands report functional shifts, there has been no globally comprehensive study of how these changes vary in intensity and direction across islands. Importantly, it remains unclear how changes in traits of animal communities actually translate to ecologically relevant mismatches with native plant species. We report widespread functional remodeling of frugivore communities based on frugivory-specific traits of all native, extinct, and introduced vertebrate frugivores (birds, mammals, reptiles) from 120 islands in 22 archipelagos. There is a trend for taxonomic and functional substitution, mainly of nonvolant terrestrial mammalian omnivores replacing large-gaped flying frugivores, which caused a mismatch between gape size and seed size. This shift in seed dispersal potential risks underestimation in single-taxon studies. Overall, vertebrate introductions outnumbered extinctions both in terms of species (44 vs. 23%) and islands affected (92 vs. 76%). Moreover, introductions have driven stronger shifts in frugivore trait space compared to extinctions. However, the general patterns are modulated by substantial spatial variation and idiosyncratic functional shifts within frugivore communities on some islands. This, coupled with differences in plant seed size distributions, leads to variability in realized functional mismatches among islands. These results emphasize challenges with predicting functional responses to anthropogenic activities, while highlighting that remodeling of ecosystem interactions is a global concern.},
}

*Seed Dispersal/physiology
Animals
Islands
*Extinction, Biological
*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
Birds/physiology
Mammals/physiology
Seeds
Plants
Herbivory
Fruit
Reptiles/physiology

@article {pmid41054928,
year = {2025},
author = {Shi, X and Yu, M and Fu, Y and Wang, J and Qin, F and Wang, X},
title = {Potential distribution prediction of two destructive rice weevils in China based on an ensemble model.},
journal = {Bulletin of entomological research},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1017/S0007485325100515},
pmid = {41054928},
issn = {1475-2670},
abstract = {Rice water weevils (RWWs) (Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus) and rice weevils (RW) (Echinocnemus squameus) (both Coleoptera: Curculionidae) are major rice pests that cause significant economic losses in China. Understanding their potential distribution areas is crucial for effective management. This study used the Biomod2 package in R to simulate and predict the current and future potential distributions, changes in suitable areas, shifts in distribution centres, and overlaps under climate change for both pests under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios. By 2023, the suitable areas for RWWs and RWs were 538.52 × 104 km[2] and 376.05 × 104 km[2], respectively. The suitable area for the former pest expanded southwestward and northeastward across China, whereas the latter spread mainly into Northeast China. The suitable area for RWWs is projected to remain stable, whereas that for RWs is expected to decline. The distribution centroid of RWWs is anticipated to shift toward southeastern or southwestern Shaanxi, whereas RWs are likely to migrate toward central-eastern or northeastern Shaanxi. The niche overlap between the two pests is high (Schoener's D = 0.658, I = 0.816), with overlap concentrated in central, eastern, and southern China. The key factors influencing their distributions include precipitation of the wettest month (Bio13), mean temperature of the warmest quarter (Bio10), and precipitation of the driest month (Bio14). This study provides a theoretical basis for the prediction of the potential distribution of both pests, which offers valuable insights for the development of effective pest control strategies in China.},
}

@article {pmid41054612,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, J and Chen, M and Wang, L and Liu, T and Jin, X and Yu, FH and Zhang, Y},
title = {Habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity in a human-dominated wetland island system.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {824-832},
pmid = {41054612},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Managing invasive species requires identifying the factors that determine alien species invasion success. This study investigates how anthropogenic and biogeographical factors influence alien plant invasion in the Sanyang Wetlands, a human-dominated island system in Wenzhou City, China. Specifically, we analyzed whether human activities (e.g., habitat heterogeneity, proportion of road area, and cultivation) and island characteristics (e.g., island area, isolation) affect the diversity of native and invasive plant species similarly. We also assessed the applicability of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography to invasive plant species diversity and examined how these factors affect invasive plant species with different dispersal syndromes (anemochore, zoochore, and autochore). We found that both invasive and native species richness positively correlate with island area, habitat heterogeneity, and proportion of road area. However, although native species richness was negatively correlated with isolation, invasive species richness was not. The diversity and composition of invasive species with different dispersal syndromes were determined by different variables; for example, the composition and diversity of zoochores was increased by habitat heterogeneity, while anemochore species richness was increased by the proportion of road area, whereas anemochore species composition was influenced by distance to the nearest island. We conclude that habitat fragmentation differentially affects invasive and native plant diversity, aligning with the predictions of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography only for native species but not for invasive species. Our findings indicate that tailoring habitat attributes and regulating human activities could be effective strategies for mitigating the spread of invasive species in fragmented landscapes.},
}

@article {pmid41054603,
year = {2025},
author = {Song, XJ and Liu, G and Li, XD and Chen, Y and Wang, J and Zhang, CL and Ye, XP and Zhu, ZH},
title = {Phylogenetically close alien Asteraceae species with minimal niche overlap are more likely to invade.},
journal = {Plant diversity},
volume = {47},
number = {5},
pages = {804-813},
pmid = {41054603},
issn = {2468-2659},
abstract = {Predicting whether alien species will invade a native community is a key challenge in invasion ecology. One factor that may help predict invasion success is phylogenetic relatedness. Darwin proposed that closely related species tend to share similar niches, although this relationship may be influenced by various ecological and evolutionary factors. To test this, we classified alien Asteraceae species in China into three categories based on their invasion status and the extent of ecological damage: introduced, naturalized, and invasive. We then compared the genetic relationships and niche overlap between alien and native Asteraceae species. We found that invasive Asteraceae species are more closely related to native Asteraceae species than are introduced and naturalized species. However, alien Asteraceae species (including introduced, naturalized, and invasive species) exhibited relatively low niche overlap with native Asteraceae species. These findings suggest that the main premise underlying Darwin's naturalization conundrum, namely, the universality of phylogenetic niche conservatism, may not hold true. Instead, our findings indicate that alien species are more likely to invade successfully when they are more closely related to native plants, exhibit less niche overlap, and maintain conservative niches during the invasion process. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of alien plant invasions, highlight the relationship between alien species invasions and native community vulnerability, and offer important insights into the development of effective biological invasion management strategies.},
}

@article {pmid41053066,
year = {2025},
author = {Sühs, RB and Ziller, SR and da Rosa, CA and Puechagut, PB and Marterer, BTP and Giehl, ELH and Asth, MS and Targino, CH and Legracie-Jr, JR and Chapla, TE and Zenni, RD},
title = {Georeferenced database of invasive non-native species occurrences in Brazil.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1619},
pmid = {41053066},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Brazil ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; Databases, Factual ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; },
abstract = {This dataset presents a comprehensive and validated compilation of 187,160 georeferenced records of 489 invasive species of fauna (Animalia), flora (Plantae), and algae (Chromista) across Brazilian terrestrial, freshwater and marine territories, including islands. The data were obtained through consultations with federal environmental agencies, national and international databases, and scientific publications. All records were reviewed and validated by experts through national and state-level consultations conducted between 2021 and 2024. This effort was carried out within the framework of the project Pró-Espécies: Estratégia Nacional para a Conservação de Espécies Ameaçadas, which aimed to support the conservation of biodiversity and the management of invasive non-native species.},
}

*Introduced Species
Brazil
Animals
*Biodiversity
Databases, Factual
Conservation of Natural Resources

@article {pmid41052085,
year = {2025},
author = {Winter, JM and Moorhead, K and Grochowski-Grum, K and Anchor, C and Landolfi, JA and Adamovicz, LA and Allender, MC},
title = {Health assessment of non-native red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) and their impact potential on native species.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0333786},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0333786},
pmid = {41052085},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/microbiology/virology ; *Introduced Species ; Illinois ; Seasons ; Female ; },
abstract = {Red-eared sliders (RES; Trachemys scripta elegans) are a globally invasive species that can impact native chelonian populations through resource competition and disease introduction. In Cook County, Illinois, invasive RES co-occur with, and greatly outnumber, a species of conservation priority in the Great Lakes region: the Blanding's turtle (Emydoidea blandingii). This study sampled free-ranging RES in Cook County during spring, summer, and fall in four unique locations to characterize the possible effect of this non-native species on the health of regional, sympatric, aquatic chelonians. RES (n = 242) were captured and sampled for qPCR pathogen detection, clinical pathology, and necropsy from 2018 to 2022. Multiple pathogens were detected, including Mycoplasma spp., multiple adenoviruses, Trachemys herpesvirus 1 (TrHV-1), frog virus 3, human-pathogenic Leptospira spp., Emydomyces testavorans, and Salmonella typhimurium. Mycoplasma spp. prevalence was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at one isolated site with a suspected greater density of turtles. Detection of TrHV-1 was significantly associated with season (p < 0.001), with detections occurring only in spring and fall. For the 28 hematology, plasma biochemistry, and protein electrophoresis analytes assayed, significant and variable associations occurred based on sample year, season, pathogen detection, age, and sex. Population-based reference intervals were created for hematologic, plasma biochemistry, and plasma protein electrophoresis analytes. Common necropsy findings included mild endoparasitism and related vascular lesions such as endarteritis. Notably, qPCR detection of above pathogens was not associated with any gross or histologic lesions indicative of clinically relevant disease. This study indicates that invasive RES in Cook County may be infected with pathogens of concern for co-occurring turtle species, and absence of associated lesions in the RES suggests they likely serve as carrier species for these pathogens. Continued health monitoring of this species is important as interactions with chelonians of conservation priority increase.},
}

Animals
*Turtles/microbiology/virology
*Introduced Species
Illinois
Seasons
Female

@article {pmid41050722,
year = {2025},
author = {Pfau, MJ and Weber, S and Kennedy, S and Krehenwinkel, H and Roderick, G and Gillespie, R},
title = {Invasive Spiders and Their Microbiomes: Patterns of Microbial Variation in Native and Invasive Species in Hawai'i.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72175},
pmid = {41050722},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Invasive species can have detrimental impacts on the community structure and native species persistence, causing cascading impacts on ecosystem function. These effects are amplified in remote island ecosystems that are characterized by non-representative and often diverse biota. The mechanisms behind successful invasions, particularly of arthropods, are varied, but growing evidence suggests that invasive species escape from their native predators and competitors. Recent research has suggested that gut microbiota can play an important role in arthropod fitness, with vertically transmitted endosymbionts and horizontally acquired microbes performing different functions. Here, we explored the extent to which the microbiome may facilitate the ability of spiders to exploit and ultimately adapt to novel environments. We examined co-occurring pairs of native and invasive spiders across three locations in the Hawaiian Islands and compared them with mainland counterparts to test two core predictions: (1) gut microbiota would be shaped primarily by local environmental filters rather than invasion status, and (2) vertically transmitted endosymbionts would show stronger host-specificity and reduced diversity in invasives. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, we found that the site explained 11.7% of gut-microbial compositional variance compared to 6.5% for host species. These results suggest that each spider maintains a species-specific level of α-diversity but reassembles taxonomic composition according to local microbial pools, thus indicating high context dependence in environmental filtering. Invasive species were found to have a lower relative abundance of gut endosymbiont taxa, with one species, Badumna longinqua, showing little to no endosymbiont presence across sites, and the other, Steatoda grossa, exhibiting low but site-specific abundance. We observed a strong localization effect, suggesting that these endosymbionts are also being acquired from local environments, not carried from ancestral ranges. These results suggest host-symbiont interactions have differential impacts on native and invasive species and that microbiota may facilitate the success of spiders in novel environments.},
}

@article {pmid41048186,
year = {2025},
author = {Lucetti, G and Abbà, S and Pesavento, G and Fanelli, E and De Luca, F and Battagini, E and Cazzaniga, S and Ballottari, M and Frizzon, D and Mori, N and Galetto, L},
title = {RNAi-mediated gene silencing of a 26S proteasome subunit increases mortality of the Japanese beetle Popillia japonica.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70265},
pmid = {41048186},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {//Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Japanese beetle Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a highly polyphagous quarantine invasive species causing severe crop damages. Its management is based on broad-spectrum insecticides and sustainable alternatives are needed. Strategies based on RNA interference (RNAi) emerged in crop protection and we aimed to explore its use to control P. japonica.

RESULTS: Nine genes of P. japonica were selected as lethal candidates, based on previous wide-genome screenings on other coleopterans. To avoid off-target effects, genes showing over 80% identity with pollinator homologues were excluded and P. japonica double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) were designed in the least conserved portions according to alignments with Apis mellifera. When incubated in P. japonica midgut juice, dsRNAs were not degraded. Injection and plant-mediated feeding were used to deliver dsRNAs to larvae and adults. Five targets were tested, and two genes were selected as the most effective in increasing mortality, namely regulatory particle non-ATPase 6 subunit (RPN) and shibire_dynamin-like protein (SHI). A significant transcript reduction up to 21 days (RPN: 3-5 fold-change silencing) after dsRNA injection indicated that effective gene silencing occurred, as also supported by sequencing of small RNA libraries. In adults, RNAi-mediated depletion of RPN transcript reduced survival, either when insects were injected or mass-fed on vine leaves dsRNA-treated.

CONCLUSION: A subunit of the 26S proteasome was indicated as promising RNAi target for dsRNA-based insecticide against the Japanese beetle. The data pave the way for the possible use of RNAi approaches to control this pest, proactively waiting for the European Union approval of exogenously applied dsRNAs. © 2025 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41045828,
year = {2025},
author = {Fouet, MPA and Massé, C and Bonnissant, L and Blanchet, H and Maire, O and Bernard, G},
title = {Combined atmospheric and marine heatwaves exacerbate the impacts of a non-indigenous species, the Asian date mussel Arcuatula senhousia, on benthic ecosystem functioning.},
journal = {Marine environmental research},
volume = {212},
number = {},
pages = {107560},
doi = {10.1016/j.marenvres.2025.107560},
pmid = {41045828},
issn = {1879-0291},
abstract = {Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency, severity, and duration of extreme climatic events such as heatwaves. Benthic organisms inhabiting intertidal flats are subjected to both marine and atmospheric heatwaves and can experience extreme temperature variations over relatively short periods of time. Non-indigenous species are generally capable to cope with extreme events more efficiently that native species. The Arcachon bay, a lagoon located along the French Atlantic coast is currently colonised by the invasive mussel, Arcuatula senhousia. In this study, we investigated how these two stressors (non-indigenous species colonisation and heatwaves) affect soft-bottom ecosystem functioning. We conducted two seasonal laboratory experiments to investigate the effects of combined marine and atmospheric heatwaves on the biogeochemical dynamics of sediments colonised by A. senhousia at different densities. More precisely, we assessed the community scale responses by measuring nutrients (NOx, NH4[+], PO4[3-]) and oxygen fluxes across the sediment-water interface. The results highlight that (1) heatwaves affect oxygen and nutrient exchanges across the sediment-water interface, with an increase of oxygen consumption and NH4[+], PO4[3-] fluxes, (2) the magnitude of these effects can be strongly enhanced by increasing densities of A. senhousia, and (3) a marked seasonal-dependence, with more effects during the spring experiment. These results emphasise that the interaction between the seasonality of heatwave occurrence, its intensity and the level of colonisation by non-indigenous ecosystem engineers likely shape their consequences for ecosystem functioning in tidal flats. Our results thus reinforce previous findings suggesting that climate change may profoundly exacerbate the effects of biological invasions.},
}

@article {pmid41045564,
year = {2025},
author = {Gammon, M and Floerl, O and Happy, S and Leonard, K and Lass, H and Walls, K and Floerl, L and Casanovas, P and Goodwin, E and Hucker, S and Davidson, I},
title = {Policy, management, and the 'Level of Fouling' scale to transform marine invasion risk reduction from recreational boats.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127493},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127493},
pmid = {41045564},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Categorical scales have a rich history in environmental management, providing pragmatic means to assess ecological phenomena when full quantification is not feasible or necessary. The Level of Fouling (LOF) scale was developed 20 years ago to facilitate biosecurity policies that reduce the spread of marine invasive species by recreational boats. Applications of the six-category scale have since varied, and divergent implementation practices may undermine its value for marine biosecurity. To support researchers and practitioners to maintain accuracy and precision when applying the scale, we provide a review of LOF-based research and management and updated guidance on its implementation. Focussing on underwater observations and percentage cover metrics (rather than above water observation and species richness) can reduce uncertainty and error. To support users when applying the scale we provide an online application - LOFeR - which features: (i) thousands of underwater vessel images for training and self-assessment, and (ii) an LOF Calculator that can be used in the field to automatically calculate whole-vessel LOF ranks from multiple ranks applied to different underwater surfaces. The LOF scale has been used most extensively in New Zealand to establish biological thresholds and underpin regulations and monitoring for biosecure boating. New Zealand's three-tiered approach to managing boat biofouling addresses boats arriving at the border from overseas, travelling within and between different regions, and visiting marine protected areas. Over 47,000 LOF-based vessel surveys in recent years support New Zealand's approach, which provides a roadmap for other jurisdictions toward managing this large and unwieldy transfer mechanism.},
}

@article {pmid41045563,
year = {2025},
author = {Roeleke, M and Scholz, C and Arce Guillen, R and Pufelski, J and Jeltsch, F},
title = {Towards individual-based conservation strategies - the case of invasive raccoons in an agricultural pond-rich landscape.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127511},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127511},
pmid = {41045563},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Raccoons have recently been declared alien species of special concern by the European Union. However, high densities in high-quality habitats such as wetlands make it almost impossible or at least extremely laborious to control raccoon populations with comprehensive and undifferentiated brute force approaches. Here, we asked if individual-based analysis may hint at more applicable conservation approaches that account for individual space use patterns. We used GPS collars to record the space use of 20 raccoons in their invasive range in northern Germany, a landscape dominated by intensive agriculture, including numerous small ponds. These ponds are biodiversity hotspots that act as source habitats and offer shelter and food for local wildlife, including vulnerable species like birds and amphibians. Half of the tracked raccoon individuals showed a weak preference for ponds as foraging grounds, yet the preference for larger waterbodies on the population scale masked this pattern. A detailed look at the intensity of pond use revealed that only a comparably small but highly mobile fraction of the local raccoon population used ponds intensively. These few individuals may thus have a disproportionate large negative effect on native wildlife, leading to a landscape-scale effect by disturbing the most vulnerable yet important habitat islands. Our results suggest that removing few specialized individuals might be an effective and economical strategy to reduce the impact of invasive species on local animal communities. Individual-based conservation and management strategies could be most effective in landscapes characterized by island-like biodiversity hotspots embedded in a low quality matrix.},
}

@article {pmid41045548,
year = {2025},
author = {Grange, SK and Girardi, JP and Mendoza-Lera, C and Dyckmans, J and Muñoz, K and Brunn, M and Jungkunst, HF},
title = {Stable isotopes as a tool towards a better understanding of the biogeochemical traits of invasive Fallopia japonica.},
journal = {Isotopes in environmental and health studies},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-15},
doi = {10.1080/10256016.2025.2567068},
pmid = {41045548},
issn = {1477-2639},
abstract = {Invasive plants pose a significant threat to ecosystems by disrupting the ecological balance, which includes the alteration of biogeochemical processes. Among the most aggressive invaders is Fallopia japonica, a species that thrives in riparian zones - critical interfaces between aquatic and terrestrial environments - where it significantly impacts biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Despite its success as an invader, the mechanisms that drive both the impact and success of F. japonica upon ecosystem processes remain poorly understood. Prior studies have suggested that F. japonica may exhibit traits such as a unique preference for ammonium over nitrate, potentially altering nitrogen availability for native plants like Urtica dioica. Additionally, it has been proposed that the species leverages phenolic compounds to influence soil biogeochemistry and nitrogen cycling. However, these processes lack comprehensive investigation. Using stable isotope labelling ([15]N and [13]C), we found that, contrary to prior assumptions, F. japonica showed an overall lower uptake of both ammonium and nitrate relative to the native competitor, U. dioica. Although we expected a preference for ammonium, F. japonica instead exhibited a slight preference for nitrate. In addition, F. japonica demonstrated higher nitrogen-use efficiency and allocated more freshly assimilated carbon and nitrogen to root growth than U. dioica. These findings suggest that traits such as efficient nitrogen use and strategic root allocation may contribute to F. japonica's ability to establish itself in nitrogen-variable environments like riparian zones. By prioritising belowground biomass during early development, F. japonica may gain a competitive advantage that enables it to disrupt native plant communities and alter ecosystem dynamics. This study underscores the value of stable isotopes in understanding plant-soil interactions and informs strategies for managing invasive species in sensitive ecosystems.},
}

@article {pmid41044279,
year = {2025},
author = {Singh, G and Rosman, B and Byrne, MJ and Reynolds, C},
title = {An earth observation and explainable machine learning approach for determining the drivers of invasive species - a water hyacinth case study.},
journal = {Environmental monitoring and assessment},
volume = {197},
number = {11},
pages = {1172},
pmid = {41044279},
issn = {1573-2959},
support = {40470//FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, University of Cape Town/ ; },
abstract = {Invasive species management is often constrained by limited resources and complicated by ecological and socio-economic variability across landscapes, leading to inconsistent outcomes. We use water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) in South Africa as a case study to demonstrate how combining earth observation (EO) data, species distribution models (SDMs), and explainable artificial intelligence (xAI) can support more spatially explicit and context-sensitive management strategies. Despite decades of control efforts, water hyacinth remains widespread, with its proliferation shaped by ecological and socio-economic contexts in which the weed proliferates. Using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), we studied the environmental and socio-economic contexts impacting water hyacinth prevalence across multiple spatial scales in South Africa. Consistent patterns emerged with known physiological constraints, such as minimum temperature, while novel spatial trends were revealed-highlighting temperature effects along the coast and the role of vegetation type in inland regions. These insights offer opportunities for targeted fieldwork to investigate emergent non-linear relationships and interaction effects between covariates. The spatially explicit outputs, covering all South African water bodies, provide a low-cost, scalable tool to guide the prioritization of risk, inform monitoring and early detection efforts, and support the selection of locally appropriate management strategies. While focused on water hyacinth, our approach is generalizable to other invasive species, illustrating the value of integrating EO data and xAI to enhance understanding of species-environment dynamics and enable adaptive, data-driven intervention planning.},
}

@article {pmid41042760,
year = {2025},
author = {Klimova, A and Gutiérrez Rivera, JN and Aguirre-Planter, E and Eguiarte, LE},
title = {How social and economic policies have affected the genome of mezcal agaves: The contrasting stories of Bacanora and Espadín.},
journal = {PloS one},
volume = {20},
number = {10},
pages = {e0324581},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0324581},
pmid = {41042760},
issn = {1932-6203},
mesh = {*Agave/genetics ; *Genome, Plant ; Mexico ; Domestication ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; Agriculture/economics ; },
abstract = {Plant domestication in Mesoamerica gave the world crops of global significance, such as maize, beans, squashes, cocoa, and cotton. Additionally, it has introduced species of regional economic importance, which still display intermediate levels of domestication, including Agave, Opuntia, columnar cacti, Amaranthus, and various ornamental species. Agaves, in particular, hold immense cultural and economic significance in Mexico and play a crucial ecological role in wild plant communities. However, current agricultural practices have negatively impacted both wild populations of agave through overexploitation and habitat destruction, as well as cultivated plants by reducing available landraces and promoting the use of homogeneous plant material. Using genomic data (RADseq) and over 50,000 SNPs, we aimed to assess how local social and political decisions may have influenced genomic diversity and differentiation in intensively managed, clonally propagated Agave angustifolia (Espadín) in the state of Oaxaca, the cultivated A. angustifolia used to produce mezcal known as Bacanora in the state of Sonora, and their wild counterparts from both regions. We found evidence suggesting that Espadín recently arose through farmer selection of a clonal lineage with desirable mezcal production attributes (i.e., hybrid vigor), apparently from an unsampled cultivated variety, a cross between genetically distinct wild populations, or by hybridization between wild and cultivated plants. Espadín samples were represented by closely related heterozygous genotypes, with considerable genetic differentiation from wild plants. On the other hand, the genomic composition of cultivated Bacanora agave appears to have been influenced by a recently lifted ban (in 1992) on its cultivation and distillation, which, along with the relatively lower popularity of this beverage, allowed cultivated Bacanora agave to maintain the genetic diversity found in wild populations of the region. We found that social and political decisions may have important impacts on crop genomic diversity and differentiation.},
}

*Agave/genetics
*Genome, Plant
Mexico
Domestication
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
Crops, Agricultural/genetics
Agriculture/economics

@article {pmid41042102,
year = {2025},
author = {Glendening, AM and Stephens, C and Vuruputoor, VS and Chaganti, T and Myles, MN and Stern, DL and Abdelalim, M and Juang, YP and Hogenhout, SA and Mathers, TC and Pauloski, N and Cernak, TA and Wegrzyn, JL and Fetter, KC},
title = {Chromosome scale genomes of two invasive Adelges species enable virtual screening for selective adelgicides.},
journal = {G3 (Bethesda, Md.)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/g3journal/jkaf232},
pmid = {41042102},
issn = {2160-1836},
abstract = {Two invasive adelgids are associated with widespread damage to several North American conifer species. Adelges tsugae, hemlock woolly adelgid, was introduced from Japan and reproduces parthenogenetically in North America, where it has rapidly decimated Tsuga canadensis and Tsuga caroliniana (eastern and Carolina hemlocks, respectively). Adelges abietis, eastern spruce gall adelgid, introduced from Europe, forms distinctive pineapple-shaped galls on several native spruce species. While not considered a major forest pest, it weakens trees and increases susceptibility to additional stressors. Broad-spectrum insecticides that are often used to control adelgid populations can have off-target impacts on beneficial insects. Whole genome sequencing was performed on both species to aid in development of targeted solutions that may minimize ecological impact. Adelges abietis was sequenced using barcoded linked-reads from 30 pooled individuals, with Hi-C scaffolding performed using data from a single individual collected from the same host plant. Adelges tsugae used long-read sequencing from pooled nymphs. The assembled A. tsugae and A. abietis genomes, pooled from several parthenogenetic females, are 220.75 Mbp and 253.16 Mbp, respectively. Each consists of eight autosomal chromosomes, as well as two sex chromosomes (X1/X2), supporting the XX-XO sex determination system. The genomes are over 96% complete based on BUSCO assessment. Genome annotation identified 11,424 and 12,060 protein-coding genes in A. tsugae and A. abietis, respectively. Comparative analysis of proteins across 29 hemipteran species and 14 arthropod outgroups identified 31,666 putative gene families. Gene family evolution analysis with CAFE revealed lineage-specific expansions in immune-related aminopeptidases (ERAP1) and juvenile hormone binding proteins (JHBP), contractions in juvenile hormone acid methyltransferases (JHAMT), and conservation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). These genes were explored as candidate families towards a long-term objective of developing adelgid-selective insecticides. Structural comparisons of proteins across seven focal species (Adelges tsugae, Adelges abietis, Adelges cooleyi, Rhopalosiphum maidis, Apis mellifera, Danaus plexippus, and Drosophila melanogaster) revealed high conservation of nAChR and ERAP1, while JHAMT exhibited species-specific structural divergence. The potential of JHAMT as a lineage-specific target for pest control was explored through virtual screening of drugs and pesticides.},
}

@article {pmid41041714,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhan, A and Bock, D and Briski, E and Colautti, R and Hu, J and MacIsaac, H},
title = {Ecological and Evolutionary Dynamics of Invasive Species Under Global Change.},
journal = {Global change biology},
volume = {31},
number = {10},
pages = {e70530},
doi = {10.1111/gcb.70530},
pmid = {41041714},
issn = {1365-2486},
}

@article {pmid41041654,
year = {2025},
author = {Nakahama, N and Hirasawa, K and Kato, M and Watanabe, K and Kurata, S and Hayashi, M},
title = {Mitochondrial DNA 16S region and voucher specimen collection of Japanese aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera for environmental DNA metabarcoding analyses.},
journal = {ZooKeys},
volume = {1253},
number = {},
pages = {103-119},
pmid = {41041654},
issn = {1313-2989},
abstract = {Aquatic coleopteran and hemipteran insects primarily inhabit lentic waters, many of which are at risk of extinction due to development, agriculture, and invasive alien species. Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis has recently emerged as a powerful tool for conducting comprehensive distribution surveys. The cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) universal primers are conventionally used for DNA barcoding but they often result in non-specific amplification and frequent amplication failures. Primers in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S rRNA region that alleviate these issues have been developed and are considered helpful for eDNA analysis. It is necessary to accumulate reference sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region in aquatic coleopteran and hemipteran insects. However, molecular identification at the genus or species level remains challenging, as only a few of these insect groups in Japan have registered reference DNA sequences for both the mtDNACOI and 16S rRNA. Therefore, we constructed a comprehensive dataset of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region for these insects distributed in Japan. As a result of this study, we were able to obtain partial sequences of the mtDNA 16S rRNA region from 140 coleopteran taxa (35.5% of Japanese aquatic species or subspecies) and 58 hemipteran taxa (45.3% of Japanese aquatic species or subspecies). These voucher specimens were deposited in four research institutions. The DNA sequence datasets are expected to significantly contribute as an essential database for eDNA analysis and other DNA metabarcoding studies.},
}

@article {pmid41041021,
year = {2026},
author = {Sanders, RD and Obaza, AK and Ginsburg, DW and Carmack, OC and Grime, BC and Burdick, H and Ford, TK and Leichter, JJ},
title = {Open-Coast Eelgrass (Zostera marina) Transplant Catalyzes Rapid Mirroring of Structure and Function of Extant Eelgrasses.},
journal = {Estuaries and coasts : journal of the Estuarine Research Federation},
volume = {49},
number = {1},
pages = {2},
pmid = {41041021},
issn = {1559-2723},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Seagrasses are marine angiosperms that function as ecosystem engineers, forming complex structure that enhance nearshore environments. Globally, seagrass habitats are threatened by intensifying impacts from climate change, which exacerbate non-climatic stressors such as coastal development, invasive species, and overfishing. Advances in the methodological efficacy of active seagrass restoration efforts have sought to mitigate substantial anthropogenic-induced losses. Restoration efforts along the U.S. West Coast have primarily focused on Zostera marina (common eelgrass) in shallow, sheltered estuarine environments, where most coastal development occurs. However, within the Southern California Bight, Zostera spp. also occurs along the exposed coastlines of the California Channel Islands archipelago. Despite their unique location and the ecosystem services they provide, a paucity of information persists on open-coast seagrass systems and restoration efforts. In this study, we conducted a novel transplant of Z. marina on Catalina Island and tracked temporal and spatial performance metrics (i.e., areal coverage, morphometrics, and fish assemblages) at the restoration site and seven extant Z. marina reference beds on the island from 2021 to 2024. The transplant activities successfully established over 0.18 hectares of Z. marina habitat. The transplant site paralleled or exceeded extant reference beds morphometrically (shoot density and blade length) and functionally (fish composition and fish diversity), while concomitantly providing habitat for the occupancy of, and utilization by, federally listed endangered and managed species. Our results provide a model for broadening the scope of, and augmenting strategies for, seagrass habitat recovery beyond conventional restoration spaces by underscoring the role of open-coast seagrasses in enhancing nearshore ecosystem function and resilience.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12237-025-01609-x.},
}

@article {pmid41040479,
year = {2025},
author = {Plakkhina, E and Sozontov, A and Esyunin, S and Ivanova, N and Shumigay, D},
title = {Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of PSU's Botanical Garden (Perm, Russia).},
journal = {Biodiversity data journal},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {e163152},
pmid = {41040479},
issn = {1314-2828},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The Botanical Garden of Perm State University was founded in 1916 and has a suitable site for studying urban invertebrate fauna. However, despite this, very few studies have been conducted on this topic over the past 100 years. Only a few individual works on greenhouse pests have been done. The first studies of the spider fauna on the territory of the botanical garden began in 2012. Studies of the seasonal activity of individual species, the composition of spider communities in uncultivated areas and alien species living in greenhouses have been conducted over the past 10 years.

NEW INFORMATION: This paper summarises primary field data from studies on the fauna of ground-dwelling spiders in open areas and greenhouses of PSU's Botanical Garden, collected in 2012 and during the period 2021-2024. The dataset "Spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of PSU's Botanical Garden (Perm, Russia)" describes the assemblage structure of spiders (list of species and their abundance), age-sex composition and seasonal dynamics. The dataset includes 714 events and 3468 corresponding occurrences. In total, 9088 specimens were collected, representing 114 species from 78 genera and 17 families. About 8400 individuals were identified to the species level. The dataset is complemented by a detailed description of the vegetation coverage at the study sites. This dataset considerably expands the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) data on the distribution of spiders in the Urals. It provides new important information about urban fauna in general, as well as data on greenhouse and agrocenosis populations. Occurrences from both outdoor and indoor areas add a unique survey of microhabitats to the regional spider records available through GBIF.},
}

@article {pmid41038911,
year = {2025},
author = {Kozioł, A and Brysiewicz, A and Czerniejewski, P and Plust, D},
title = {Nutritional quality and heavy metal in invasive stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva) from natural waters and aquaculture ponds.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34385},
pmid = {41038911},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {Animals ; *Metals, Heavy/analysis ; Ponds ; Aquaculture ; *Nutritive Value ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Introduced Species ; Fresh Water ; *Fishes ; },
abstract = {One of the most invasive freshwater fish in Europe is the stone moroko (Pseudorasbora parva), but its potential for food use remains largely unexplored. Fish were collected from ponds (Raszyn, Stare Kurowo) and a natural river (Wardynka). The study measured fish weight and length, calculated the Fulton coefficient, determined the chemical composition of the meat, energy value plus yield. Heavy metal content was determined after HNO3 digestion using GFAAS method. Health risk was assessed using EDI, THQ, HI, CR. The data were statistically analyzed. No differences in length were found. Individuals from Stare Kurowo and Wardynka had significantly higher body weights than those from Raszyn. Wardynka fish had the highest water content (74.83%), the lowest dry matter, protein, and fat levels. All samples contained low concentrations of heavy metals, with the lowest levels in Wardynka and the highest in Raszyn. Estimated daily intake (EDI) values ranged from 0.28% to 3.03% of the reference dose, remaining under 1% in most cases. Nutrient levels matched typical European freshwater fish. Differences among sites likely stemmed from food availability and competition. The low metal content and favourable meat quality indicate potential for food production, helping control this invasive species and protect native fish.},
}

Animals
*Metals, Heavy/analysis
Ponds
Aquaculture
*Nutritive Value
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis
Introduced Species
Fresh Water
*Fishes

@article {pmid41035940,
year = {2025},
author = {Villar, DA and Yanes, E and Gutiérrez Tito, ER and Gosler, AG},
title = {Diets of Three Sympatric Grebe Species in Lake Titicaca Indicate Possible Dietary Niche Partitioning.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72123},
pmid = {41035940},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Dietary niche partitioning is a fundamental process in community ecology, of interest to both conservationists and ecologists. We present data on the dietary niches of three sympatric grebes from Lake Titicaca: the endangered endemic Titicaca Grebe Rollandia microptera, Rolland's Grebe Rollandia rolland, and the Silvery Grebe Podiceps occipitalis. This is the first study comparing the diets of these three species since 1981. We conducted stomach content analysis on 45 Titicaca Grebes, 30 Rolland's Grebes, and 15 Silvery Grebes, and quantified the degree of niche overlap among individuals and what prey classes were driving variation between species. Rolland's Grebe and the Silvery Grebe have a more invertebrate-based diet than the Titicaca Grebe. The use of presence-absence methodologies and numeric methodologies for counting prey items leads to different results regarding dietary differences between these species. While our dietary categories are too coarse to definitively prove it is a case of dietary niche partitioning, it is indicative of it. We suggest future avenues to prove dietary niche partitioning in these species, and how dietary studies could answer questions regarding this ecosystem's response to invasive species.},
}

@article {pmid41035926,
year = {2025},
author = {Rentería-Solís, Z and Flores, L and Langner, T and Gawlowska, S and Grochow, T and Fietz, S and Birka, S and Król, N and Obiegala, A},
title = {The conquest of the north continues: Baylisascaris procyonis in free-ranging invasive raccoons (Procyon lotor) from Germany, including a first report in the northeastern state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.},
journal = {International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {101139},
pmid = {41035926},
issn = {2213-2244},
abstract = {With exception of the Northeast, the raccoon roundworm (Baylisascaris procyonis) is widespread in Germany. This zoonotic parasite can cause neurological disease in paratenic and aberrant hosts, like humans. As the name indicates, raccoons are the definitive host of B. procyonis. However, and despite the successful expansion of the raccoon population, parasite and host ranges do not always overlap. B. procyonis has been largely absent from the northeastern part of the country, notwithstanding the stable presence of raccoons in this area. In this study, faecal and intestinal samples were opportunistically collected from 166 free-ranging raccoons from 9 federal states in Germany. In 68 animals (41.0 %), B. procyonis was identified either through PCR or morphological identification of adult worms. The positive raccoons originated from 6 federal states, including for the first time animals from the northern state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The results of this study highlight the dissemination of the parasite in the north of the country, while maintaining its presence in the rest of Germany.},
}

@article {pmid41035176,
year = {2025},
author = {Chikodza, T and Cuthbert, RN and Schrama, M and Coetzee, J and Wasserman, R and Veldhuis, MP and Strange, EF},
title = {Double Trouble: Aquatic Invasive Plants Can Promote Mosquitoes.},
journal = {Ecology letters},
volume = {28},
number = {10},
pages = {e70199},
doi = {10.1111/ele.70199},
pmid = {41035176},
issn = {1461-0248},
support = {//This work has been supported by the CML Impact Funds of Leiden University/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Introduced Species ; *Culicidae/physiology ; *Plants ; Population Dynamics ; Aquatic Organisms ; Ecosystem ; *Mosquito Vectors/physiology ; },
abstract = {Human activities continue to facilitate biological invasions, profoundly impacting our environment and economy. Plants and insects constitute the majority of invasions to date, with facilitative links established between them, particularly in terrestrial habitats. These relationships remain understudied in aquatic environments, including potential associations between aquatic invasive plants and disease vectors such as mosquitoes. Here, we synthesise current knowledge on the co-occurrence of aquatic invasive plants and mosquitoes, identify key research gaps and present a conceptual framework underpinned by testable hypotheses on how aquatic invasive plants may influence immature and adult mosquito populations. We provide evidence suggesting that these plant-mosquito relationships could pose previously unrecognised risks and highlight priority areas for future research to better understand the potential public health implications of aquatic plant invasions. We call for targeted in situ and ex situ investigations to test the proposed hypotheses and increase our understanding of the interactions between aquatic invasive plants and mosquito population dynamics. Testing these hypotheses will inform adaptive, evidence-based management strategies to simultaneously control aquatic invasive species and vector mosquitoes.},
}

Animals
*Introduced Species
*Culicidae/physiology
*Plants
Population Dynamics
Aquatic Organisms
Ecosystem
*Mosquito Vectors/physiology

@article {pmid41034284,
year = {2025},
author = {Tamoikin, I and Kutsyn, D and Gavruseva, T and Vdodovich, I and Donchik, P},
title = {Expansion and biological traits of the non-indigenous Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii in the black sea.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {34173},
pmid = {41034284},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; 124022400148-4//This work was carried out within the framework of IBSS state research assignment "Biodiversity as the basis for the sustainable functioning of marine ecosystems, criteria and scientific principles for its conservation" (No. 124022400148-4)./ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Female ; Black Sea ; *Fishes/physiology/growth & development ; Male ; *Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; *Perciformes/physiology/growth & development ; Sexual Maturation ; },
abstract = {The Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii Hilgendorf, 1880) - a newly established invasive species in the Black Sea - is native to the northwestern Pacific Ocean. This study presents findings on the discovery, feeding habits, age, growth, and sexual maturation of this species in its new environment. A total of 18 specimens collected from the Black Sea were examined. It was determined that the Korean rockfish is now present along all Black Sea coasts, except for the brackish northwestern region, and has also been observed in the Sea of Marmara. The largest recorded specimen in the Black Sea was a female measuring 40.4 cm in total length (TL) and aged 3 years. The length-at-age of all examined specimens was greater than that observed in its native range. The diet of the Korean rockfish in the Black Sea primarily consisted of fish and shrimp. The sample included both immature and mature individuals; however, no evidence of successful reproduction in the Black Sea has been documented to date. The prospects for further colonization and population growth of the Korean rockfish in the Black Sea are considered favorable, which could pose a significant threat to the local ecosystem.},
}

Animals
Female
Black Sea
*Fishes/physiology/growth & development
Male
*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
Feeding Behavior
*Perciformes/physiology/growth & development
Sexual Maturation

@article {pmid41032979,
year = {2025},
author = {Impellitteri, F and Mossotto, C and Cotugno, A and Maganza, A and Provenza, F and Gabetti, A and Esposito, G and Renzi, M and Matozzo, V and Elia, AC and Faggio, C and Prearo, M and Pastorino, P},
title = {When crayfish face painkillers: Tissue-specific cytotoxic and oxidative responses to indomethacin exposure in Procambarus clarkii.},
journal = {Ecotoxicology and environmental safety},
volume = {304},
number = {},
pages = {119138},
doi = {10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119138},
pmid = {41032979},
issn = {1090-2414},
abstract = {Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are increasingly recognized as emerging contaminants in freshwater ecosystems. However, their effects on aquatic invertebrates remain poorly investigated. This study evaluated for the first time both cellular and biochemical responses of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) following a long-term exposure to indomethacin, a widely used NSAID. Specimens were exposed for 28 days to 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L, and biomarkers indicative of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were evaluated. Viability of both hemolymph and hepatopancreas cells was assessed using Trypan Blue and Neutral Red assays, while oxidative stress biomarkers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and malondialdehyde (MDA), were analyzed in hepatopancreas, gill, and muscle tissues. The results showed that indomethacin exposure induced significant, tissue-specific cytotoxic and oxidative responses. Notably, hepatopancreas cell viability decreased significantly at lower concentrations, with partial recovery at the highest dose, suggesting a possible hormetic effect of the contaminant. Oxidative stress biomarkers exhibited concentration-dependent changes: SOD and MDA levels were significantly altered in the hepatopancreas; GST activity was affected in the gills, and GPx activity increased in muscle at higher concentrations. Haemocyte viability remained unaffected, indicating resilience of circulating cells. The Integrative Biomarker Response-Threshold (IBR-T) index highlighted both hormetic and classical dose-response trends, depending on tissue type. From an ecological perspective, these findings suggest that P. clarkii may tolerate relatively high indomethacin concentrations without systemic oxidative collapse, potentially supporting its persistence and competitive advantage in contaminated habitats. However, the hepatopancreas sensitivity indicates possible sublethal metabolic impairment, which could affect long-term fitness and population dynamics. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the ecotoxicological effects of indomethacin in a keystone invasive species and underscore the importance of tissue-specific biomarker analysis for environmental risk assessment.},
}

@article {pmid41032390,
year = {2025},
author = {Knight, IA and Bingham, FE and Harlow, MM and Huang, AH and Bohaty, C and Harms, NE},
title = {A proposed method for estimating habitat suitability of weed biological control agents with experimentally derived thermal injury and weather data.},
journal = {Environmental entomology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ee/nvaf099},
pmid = {41032390},
issn = {1938-2936},
support = {//Engineer Research and Development Center Aquatic Plant Control Research/ ; },
abstract = {Ecological niche modelling provides a tool for making a priori predictions of habitat suitability for biological control agents. Current approaches may be limited by available data but improved by the incorporation of physiological data. Alligatorweed, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. (Caryophyllales: Ameranthaceae), is controlled across much of its introduced range in the United States of America by the alligatorweed flea beetle, Agasicles hygrophila Selman and Vogt (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae); however, insufficient control is observed at temperate latitudes. Investigations into alligatorweed thrips, Amynothrips andersoni O'Neill (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), indicate that they are more cold-tolerant with a broader predicted range. The upper limit of the chill injury zone (ULCIZ) and the sum of injurious temperatures (SIT) are measures that can be used to compare relative cold tolerance among biocontrol agents. Here we propose a method for integrating these parameters with weather data to predict overwintering mortality. The ULCIZ and SIT of Am. andersoni and Ag. hygrophila were experimentally determined, then habitat suitability for each species was modeled using the proposed method and 20 yr of weather data. ULCIZ was -2.94 and 4.52 °C, and SIT was 307.19 and 251.27 for Am. andersoni and Ag. hygrophila, respectively, indicating that Am. andersoni begins accumulating chill injury at a lower temperature than Ag. hygrophila and does so at a slower rate. Using this method, 91.8% of Al. philoxeroides's range in the USA was predicted to fall within highly or moderately suitable habitat for Am. andersoni, compared to 15.9% for Ag. hygrophila. Ranges predicted by the proposed method are similar to previous correlative ENMs.},
}

@article {pmid41032144,
year = {2025},
author = {Schneider, IE and Weber, MM and Khadka, A and Bahlmann, B},
title = {Influencing Aquatic Invasive Species Prevention Behaviors: An Exploration and Experiment with Augmented Reality.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41032144},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {Despite significant resource allocations to thwart invasive species introduction and spread, they remain a significant issue for environments and economies alike. Aquatic invasive species (AIS) are of particular interest given the value of water within and across societies. AIS prevention activities typically include outreach and education campaigns reliant on static signage which leave opportunities for greater engagement. Addressing a primary pathway for AIS spread, this project compared the impact of static and dynamic message mediums on boating anglers' intentions to perform AIS prevention behaviors and assessed the impact of various variables on the likelihood to perform AIS prevention behaviors. Survey results of boating anglers in one U.S. Midwestern state revealed very high self-reported intentions for prevention behaviors and no significant differences across message mediums (sign, augmented reality or simple AIS definitions). Therefore, judicious evaluation of decisions about management communication efforts remains essential across new and existing mediums.},
}

@article {pmid41029229,
year = {2025},
author = {Nagy, KN and Károlyi, CE and Bakacsy, L},
title = {Multiscale assessment of conservation management for Amorpha fruticosa invasion in a marsh meadow.},
journal = {BMC ecology and evolution},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {97},
pmid = {41029229},
issn = {2730-7182},
support = {7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; 7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; 7616//University of Szeged Open Access Found/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *Wetlands ; *Conservation of Natural Resources/methods ; Biodiversity ; Animals ; Cattle ; *Fabaceae/physiology ; },
abstract = {This study examined the ecological impact of the invasive shrub Amorpha fruticosa in marsh meadows and assessed the effectiveness of combined conservation management practices, i.e., mowing and cattle grazing, in on restoring native vegetation. Conducted in the Mártély Landscape Protection Area (Hungary), the research used a multiscale approach to compare treated non-invaded and treated invaded wetland vegetation. Information theory-based diversity metrics were employed to evaluate the impact of A. fruticosa on structural complexity and species composition. Results revealed that although A. fruticosa can significantly altered plant community structure, the implemented management strategies effectively reduced its impact. The treated invaded vegetation exhibited diversity levels compareable to native marshland communities, suggesting that mowing and grazing contributed to decreasing A. fruticose dominance. However, in the absence of untreated control stands, this pattern must be interpreted cautiously, as the observed similarity could be conclusively attributed to the applied management alone. A slight, but non-significant shift in structural diversity was also observed, implying a residual effect of invasion. This study underscores the value of active, combined conservation strategies in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem resilience in wetland habitats. The results contribute to broader discussions on invasive species control, emphasizing the role of traditional land-use practices in mitigating the ecological effects of biological invasions.},
}

*Introduced Species
*Wetlands
*Conservation of Natural Resources/methods
Biodiversity
Animals
Cattle
*Fabaceae/physiology

@article {pmid41029028,
year = {2025},
author = {Li, Y and Pootakham, W and Ingsriswang, S and Dela Cueva, F and Cordez, BW and Gafforov, Y and Unartngam, J and Liu, L and Bi, G and Zhao, P and Clement, KMT and Liang, J and Cai, L},
title = {Biosurveillance of Invasive Southern Corn Rust: Insights Into Recent Migration Patterns and Virulence Variation.},
journal = {Molecular plant pathology},
volume = {26},
number = {10},
pages = {e70159},
doi = {10.1111/mpp.70159},
pmid = {41029028},
issn = {1364-3703},
support = {ANSO-CR-KP-202207//Alliance of National and International Science Organizations for the Belt and Road Regions/ ; 32472506//National Sciences Foundation of China/ ; 32330002//National Sciences Foundation of China/ ; XDB0830000//Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences/ ; XZ202201ZY0011N//Key R&D Programs of Xizang Autonomous Region in China/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Virulence/genetics ; *Zea mays/microbiology ; *Puccinia/pathogenicity/genetics ; China ; Thailand ; Phylogeny ; Genetic Variation ; Introduced Species ; Philippines ; },
abstract = {Emerging pathogen races spreading via long-distance migration increasingly threaten global agricultural ecosystems. Understanding how pathogens migrate and adapt to new hosts via virulence evolution is crucial for developing strategies to mitigate future crop damage. Here we performed biosurveillance of Puccinia polysora, a global fungal pathogen causing southern corn rust (SCR), across China, Thailand and the Philippines. By analysing 193 field transcriptomic data, we detected both epidemic and endemic lineages co-circulating in each country and elucidated the crucial role of host selection in driving the diversification of endemic lineages. Gene flow assessments and trajectory tracking indicated that the SCR infection source in northern China is likely of domestic origin and pathogen migration from the Philippines/Thailand into China is restricted to Hainan, coastal Guangdong and southern Yunnan. We detected country-specific variants in 32 effector genes, with AvrRppC exhibiting the strongest positive selection. A phylogenetically distinct Luzon Island lineage (Philippines), carrying a novel AvrRppC allele capable of overcoming RppC-mediated resistance and represents a potentially invasive threat. Finally, we reviewed the global migration history of P. polysora in light of our findings. Our work represents the first step toward establishing an international surveillance network for P. polysora and emphasised a comprehensive control strategy integrating local governance and invasion prevention of international races.},
}

*Plant Diseases/microbiology
Virulence/genetics
*Zea mays/microbiology
*Puccinia/pathogenicity/genetics
China
Thailand
Phylogeny
Genetic Variation
Introduced Species
Philippines

@article {pmid41028690,
year = {2025},
author = {Dowarah, B and Laskar, RA and Dutta, C and Mili, C and Kashyap, A and Neog, B},
title = {Unraveling the chemical communication of root exudates and allelopathy for sustainable ecology and agriculture.},
journal = {Antonie van Leeuwenhoek},
volume = {118},
number = {11},
pages = {160},
pmid = {41028690},
issn = {1572-9699},
mesh = {*Plant Roots/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology ; *Allelopathy ; *Plant Exudates/chemistry/metabolism ; *Agriculture/methods ; Rhizosphere ; Ecology ; Pheromones/metabolism ; Mycorrhizae ; },
abstract = {Root exudates, a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds secreted by healthy plant roots, play a central role in belowground chemical interactions, particularly through the phenomenon of allelopathy. These exudates, which include phenolic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, terpenoids, phytohormones, and fatty acids, do more than support nutrient mobilization and microbial associations. They act as allelochemicals that affect the germination, growth, and physiology of neighboring plants. Allelopathy influences key ecological processes such as plant succession, species dominance, and the establishment of invasive species, while also shaping microbial communities and nutrient cycles in the rhizosphere. Major allelopathic mechanisms include interference with photosynthesis, hormonal disruption, and growth suppression caused by certain amino acids, often producing species-specific and concentration-dependent responses. Autotoxicity, in which a plant inhibits its growth, is now understood as a genetically regulated process. Recent studies show that allelopathic interactions are influenced by plant developmental stages, environmental conditions, and associations with microbes such as mycorrhizal fungi and rhizobacteria. These microbial partners alter both the composition and biological effects of root exudates. Beyond suppression, root exudates also serve as signaling molecules that affect root system architecture and spatial behavior in neighboring plants, allowing donor species to gain a competitive edge. In agriculture, allelopathy offers sustainable options for weed control, organic crop production, and soil health improvement. Invasive species often exploit unfamiliar allelochemicals to displace native flora, supporting the novel weapons theory. This review compiles recent advances and calls for integrated research to apply allelopathy for ecofriendly agriculture.},
}

*Plant Roots/chemistry/metabolism/microbiology
*Allelopathy
*Plant Exudates/chemistry/metabolism
*Agriculture/methods
Rhizosphere
Ecology
Pheromones/metabolism
Mycorrhizae

@article {pmid41028197,
year = {2025},
author = {Marambio, M and Pascual-Torner, M and Tilves, U and Pérez, A and Ballesteros, A and Gili, JM},
title = {The Westernmost Record of the Scyphomedusa Cassiopea andromeda (Forskål, 1775) in the Mediterranean: Marine Citizen Science Contributions to Invasive Species Detection and Monitoring.},
journal = {Environmental management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {41028197},
issn = {1432-1009},
abstract = {The Mediterranean Sea, although a biodiversity hotspot, is one of the most affected seas by non-indigenous species (NIS). This problem is worsened by rising sea temperatures due to climate change, which promotes the spread of thermophilic species. Among the NIS scyphozoan jellyfish species recorded in the Mediterranean, Cassiopea andromeda - commonly known as the "upside-down jellyfish"- is a notable example. Observadores del Mar (OdM) is the leading platform for marine citizen science in Spain and works towards ocean conservation and health. It is a well-established tool for generating knowledge in marine research and has successfully provided early warning of NIS reports in the Mediterranean, while also serving as an effective network for the monitoring of NIS and other indicators. Three reports of C. andromeda from Almeria, southern Spain, have been reported in OdM and thanks to the involvement of its community, 12 samples were collected for phylogenetic analysis and monitoring was done for 15 months in the study area. The results confirmed the first record of C. andromeda in Spanish Mediterranean waters representing the westernmost record in the basin. Monitoring also suggests the species establishment in the area. This study contributes to the knowledge of C. andromeda invasiveness and highlights the importance of marine citizen science in the detection and monitoring of NIS. It also underscores the collaboration and commitment already established between scientists and citizens, which will allow further progress in the fields of biological invasions, management, and policy.},
}

@article {pmid41027087,
year = {2025},
author = {Duarte, LN and Marchante, H and López-Núñez, FA and Impson, F and Moreira, FM and Marchante, E},
title = {Biocontrol in action: Assessing the impact of a biocontrol agent on invasive plant seed dynamics.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127196},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127196},
pmid = {41027087},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {The management of extensive areas invaded by alien plants using only physical and chemical control methods is challenging as it frequently only provides short-term suppression. Additionally, success depends on thorough follow-up, which can be prohibitively expensive and, as such, neglected. More successful and sustainable management of widespread invasive alien plants may be achieved with biological control (biocontrol), either alone or integrated with other methods. Acacia longifolia was introduced into Portugal in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for dune stabilization and has become one of the most widespread invasive alien plants in the coastal areas, promoting significant negative impacts. To decrease A. longifolia seed production, the Australian bud-galling wasp Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae was introduced as a biocontrol agent in 2015. This study reports the effect of T. acaciaelongifoliae on A. longifolia seed production for over five to six years and seed bank replenishment since its introduction. Galls have significantly increased five years after the biocontrol agent release, followed by major pod reduction and consequently seed rain decline. By monitoring the same trees for several years, we have confirmed that seed rain is higher in non-galled A. longifolia stands, peaking in mid-summer. Our results further support that both the number of pods and seeds progressively decline to zero, demonstrating a 98,1 % reduction in seed rain. Additionally, the increase of the biocontrol agent induces stress on galled plants leading to phyllode abscission and, eventually, plant mortality. On the other hand, the A. longifolia seed bank continued to increase gradually between 2015 and 2024, except at one dune site, where a major wildfire in 2017, followed by tree planting, contributed to its depletion. Mechanical control reduced seed bank numbers, and this result was enhanced in areas where T. acaciaelongifoliae helped to maintain low seed input. Where the biocontrol agent has been established for more than six years, and/or has a high establishment rate, seed banks are now stabilizing. These results are encouraging for the recovery of coastal dunes invaded by A. longifolia, emphasizing the pressing need for establishing an integrated strategy and increasing investment in biocontrol to enhance invasive plant management in Europe.},
}

@article {pmid41027086,
year = {2025},
author = {Bostal, F and Scorolli, AL and Zalba, SM},
title = {Horseback opinions: what do visitors see when they see the wild horses that concern conservation biologists?.},
journal = {Journal of environmental management},
volume = {394},
number = {},
pages = {127455},
doi = {10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.127455},
pmid = {41027086},
issn = {1095-8630},
abstract = {Social conflicts surrounding invasive alien species can hinder their management, which makes studying the human dimension increasingly important. This approach is particularly relevant in natural reserves, where assessing visitors' perceptions of invasive alien species can help guide the design of more effective outreach and engagement strategies. This study examines visitors' knowledge of feral horses, their perceptions of these animals' value and ecological impact, and their acceptance of different management alternatives in a protected grassland area in the Argentine Pampas. We expect that public perceptions of feral horses and acceptance of the proposed actions will be closely related, and that both will be influenced by knowledge, prior access to information, and demographic factors. We designed a questionnaire to evaluate visitors' knowledge and perceptions about the feral horses in the area, as well as their acceptance of various management options. Our results indicate that many park visitors are unaware of the feral horse issue, often emphasize the cultural significance of these animals, and generally do not recognize them as non-native. However, there is awareness of their ecological impacts on grasslands and broad acceptance of the need to manage the population. Visitorś knowledge and information received from park staff or guides increase support for management, underscoring the importance of providing effective information before and during visits. These findings highlight the need of targeted communication and education strategies to foster broader public support for invasive alien species management.},
}

@article {pmid41026245,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhang, VM and Kotanen, PM},
title = {Low temperatures reduce establishment of new populations of invasive plants in a subarctic treeline environment.},
journal = {Oecologia},
volume = {207},
number = {10},
pages = {167},
pmid = {41026245},
issn = {1432-1939},
support = {RGPIN-2022-03579//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; CGS D - 569276 - 2022//Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada/ ; },
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Ecosystem ; *Cold Temperature ; Temperature ; },
abstract = {Biological invasions are a serious global issue, but invasions are relatively less common at high latitudes, likely due to harsh environmental conditions and limited accessibility. An exception to this is human-settled and disturbed towns that may promote invasions and risk acting as sources of non-native species into the surrounding natural areas. For instance, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada (58ºN), is a treeline subarctic town and port connected by a railway to temperate North America. More than a hundred non-native plant species have been recorded within the town footprint and associated areas. While some have persisted for decades in these areas, none has spread into nearby tundra or boreal forest ecosystems. We used a greenhouse warming experiment to investigate the importance of increased growing season temperatures on three perennial non-native species (Linaria vulgaris, Plantago major, Taraxacum officinale), and used a transplant experiment to investigate non-native survival and growth after manual translocation to tundra and boreal forest roadside over several full years. We found that non-native plants were able to survive temporarily after manual translocation to roadsides adjacent to natural areas, with higher survival in warmer boreal forest roadsides. When we experimentally increased temperature, non-native seed germination increased, and non-native transplants trended toward increased survival and growth, again suggesting that temperature is a limiting factor. However, survival and growth of these non-native species consistently declined over time. Future global and climate change that results in increased warming therefore may shift these non-native species from invasion failure to success.},
}

*Introduced Species
Ecosystem
*Cold Temperature
Temperature

@article {pmid40883959,
year = {2025},
author = {Junod, MF and Cordero, I and Chinn, N and Firn, J and Holmes, J and Klein, M and Lebbink, G and Nielsen, UN and Schütz, M and Zimmermann, S and Risch, AC},
title = {Herbivory mediates the response of below-ground food webs to invasive grasses.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {2103-2117},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70113},
pmid = {40883959},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {DP190100500//Australian Research Council Discovery Grant/ ; },
mesh = {*Herbivory ; *Introduced Species ; Animals ; *Food Chain ; *Poaceae/physiology ; *Grassland ; Soil Microbiology ; Soil/chemistry ; },
abstract = {Below-ground food webs in grasslands are affected by both above-ground herbivory and invasive plant species. However, the combined effects of these factors on soil organisms and their interactions with plant communities remain poorly understood. We investigated how the invasive African lovegrass (ALG) influenced below-ground food webs in south-eastern Australian grasslands under different herbivory regimes. Using experimental exclosures, we established four treatments varying in herbivore presence (all animals present, non-native mammals excluded, all mammals excluded, all above-ground dwelling animals excluded) across sites dominated either by native kangaroo grass (KG; native sites) or co-dominated by KG and ALG (invaded sites). After 4 years, our results revealed that invasive grasses significantly altered the abundance and structure of soil bacteria, fungi, nematodes, arthropods and earthworms. These effects intensified along the gradient of herbivore exclusion. In parallel with herbivore exclusion, accumulated plant litter shifted decomposition from bacterial to fungal-dominated, driven by changes in soil temperature, moisture and substrate, ultimately reshaping the soil biota assemblages. Herbivory, particularly by both native and non-native mammals, mitigated many of the adverse impacts of grass species invasion, with native and non-native mammals acting additively. These findings underscore the intricate interplay between invasive grasses and herbivory, emphasising the importance of integrated management strategies to maintain the ecological balance of grassland ecosystems.},
}

*Herbivory
*Introduced Species
Animals
*Food Chain
*Poaceae/physiology
*Grassland
Soil Microbiology
Soil/chemistry

@article {pmid40727957,
year = {2025},
author = {McKnight, DT and Bower, DS and Ariel, E and Beatty, S and Clulow, S and Connell, M and Deppe, AR and Doody, S and Freeman, A and Georges, A and Hannabass, SL and Hollender, EC and Howell, H and Krochmal, A and Ligon, DB and Munscher, E and Nordberg, EJ and Roth, TC and Santoro, A and Schaffer, J and Simms, A and Spencer, RJ and Stone, P and Voves, KC and Walde, AD and Wassens, S and Welsh, MA and Whiterod, NS and Wirth, W and Van Dyke, JU},
title = {Does a lack of juveniles indicate a threat? Understanding body size distributions in a group of long-lived vertebrates.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {1962-1982},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70093},
pmid = {40727957},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {//ARC Linkage/ ; //Arizona Game & Fish Department/ ; //Commonwealth Environmental Water Office/ ; //Department of Florida Fish and Wildlife/ ; //Felburn Foundation/ ; //Florida Department of Environmental Protection/ ; //Jane Fenwick Foundation/ ; //Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks/ ; //National Science Foundation/ ; //New Mexico Department of Game and Fish/ ; //Office of Biological and Environmental Research/ ; //U.S. Department of Energy: Financial Assistant/ ; //Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation/ ; //Texas Parks and Wildlife Department/ ; //Turtle Survival Alliance/ ; //United States Forest Service/ ; //University of New England Faculty of Science/ ; //Agriculture, Business and Law and the Commonwealth Environmental Water Office/ ; //Tiverton Agricultural Impact Fund/ ; //Winton Wetlands/ ; //Wodonga Council/ ; //Greening Australia/ ; //North East Water/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Turtles/physiology/growth & development ; *Body Size ; Australia ; *Foxes/physiology ; United States ; Predatory Behavior ; Introduced Species ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Turtles are declining globally, and absences of juveniles during surveys are often interpreted as evidence of threats to early life stages. In Australia, for example, it is widely argued that a low number of juveniles is likely due to nest predation by introduced red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). However, small sample sizes within populations, low detectability of juveniles and turtles' long lifespans often confound the conclusion that a paucity of juveniles indicates a declining population. Because turtles have long reproductive lifespans, we might intuitively expect most turtle populations to be heavily weighted towards large individuals, but a 'typical' or 'healthy' size distribution for turtle populations has not been well established. Therefore, we collated data on 41,021 freshwater turtles from 38 species and 428 populations located in parts of Australia both with and without introduced foxes, as well as populations in the United States of America, which naturally have raccoons (Procyon lotor), foxes and other nest predators. We examined population-level body size distributions to establish a baseline for 'typical' turtle populations and test whether populations that are exposed to introduced foxes have proportionately fewer juveniles compared to both AU populations that lack introduced foxes and USA populations that are naturally exposed to nest predators. We found that most turtle populations in AU and the United States were heavily skewed towards adults and had few juveniles, regardless of the presence of foxes or other nest predators. There were, however, clear differences among population survey methods: those that target shallow areas (e.g. crawfish traps) tended to capture proportionately more juveniles, and small sample sizes (∼<50) often produced inaccurate representations of size distributions. Additionally, we used a simulation to demonstrate that, given common turtle life history parameters, even stable populations should generally have low proportions of juveniles. Based on our results, we encourage caution when interpreting turtle size distributions. A small number of juveniles does not inherently suggest that a population is declining due to high egg and/or juvenile mortality, and researchers should pay careful attention to the biases in their methods and strive to capture a minimum of 50-100 turtles before drawing inferences.},
}

Animals
*Turtles/physiology/growth & development
*Body Size
Australia
*Foxes/physiology
United States
Predatory Behavior
Introduced Species
Population Dynamics

@article {pmid40709484,
year = {2025},
author = {O'Connor, M and Lancaster, LT},
title = {Guild diversity impacts demographic outcomes of novel species interactions following range shifts.},
journal = {The Journal of animal ecology},
volume = {94},
number = {10},
pages = {2062-2078},
doi = {10.1111/1365-2656.70108},
pmid = {40709484},
issn = {1365-2656},
support = {NE/S007377/1//UKRI/NERC QUADRAT Training/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Odonata/physiology/growth & development ; Scotland ; Larva/growth & development/physiology ; Introduced Species ; *Biodiversity ; Temperature ; Climate Change ; Competitive Behavior ; *Animal Distribution ; Population Dynamics ; },
abstract = {Novel competitive interactions between native and range shifting species can precipitate local extinction of native species. However, increased biological complexity within recipient communities may prevent native species loss by decreasing the strength of novel competition experienced by any one species. This phenomenon, termed 'biotic resistance', is commonly applied in invasion ecology, but has received little attention in the context of climate induced range shifts. Here we investigate the effects of biotic resistance in competition between resident native and range-shifting damselflies in a region of Scotland newly colonised by the range-shifter, using competitive mesocosm treatments across multiple life stages and experimental temperatures. Our focal native species (Lestes sponsa) was unaffected by increasing competitive complexity as larvae, showing no fitness benefits in multispecies treatments compared to intraspecific or even interspecific scenarios in the presence of the range shifter. However, multispecies competition with both native and range-shifting species improved adult survival of our focal native species at higher temperatures, compared to interspecific competition with just the range shifter. For our focal range-shifting species (Ischnura elegans), larval growth rate was significantly reduced in multispecies treatments compared to intraspecific or two-species interspecific scenarios, yet adult range shifter survival showed no decrease in multispecies treatments. Furthermore, range shifter larvae displayed improved survival and growth in colder temperatures, compared to a lack of any temperature effects on adult survival. These results suggest that biotic resistance may alleviate the competitive impacts of range shifters on native communities by providing a life stage-dependent benefit to native species while simultaneously decreasing the fitness of range shifters. However, shifting temperatures can cause this interaction to swap between competition and facilitation, creating an environmentally dependent scenario that may benefit both range shifters and resident species, promoting the maintenance of diversity in high latitude communities.},
}

Animals
*Odonata/physiology/growth & development
Scotland
Larva/growth & development/physiology
Introduced Species
*Biodiversity
Temperature
Climate Change
Competitive Behavior
*Animal Distribution
Population Dynamics

@article {pmid41024993,
year = {2025},
author = {Nhlengethwa, N and Stewart, RD and Emami-Khoyi, A and Teske, PR and Csányi, S and Heltai, M and van der Bank, M},
title = {An eDNA Survey of Plant Biodiversity in a Local Dam Within South Africa's Largest City.},
journal = {Ecology and evolution},
volume = {15},
number = {10},
pages = {e72196},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.72196},
pmid = {41024993},
issn = {2045-7758},
abstract = {Ecosystems within cities can play a crucial role in conserving local biodiversity amid rapidly expanding urban sprawl, but they face significant threats from anthropogenic activities and the introduction of alien invasive species (AIS). A comprehensive management plan is required to effectively preserve the biodiversity supported by urban ecosystems. However, the ecological information needed to establish, implement and monitor such plans is often incomplete. In this study, we assessed the application of eDNA metabarcoding in surveying plant biodiversity in an aquatic habitat by collecting water samples at five sites in an urban dam in the City of Johannesburg. Out of 1001 reconstructed Amplicon Sample Variants (ASVs), plant taxa were assigned to 47 unique taxonomic ranks at the family level, 42 unique ranks at the generic level and only 13 unique ranks at the species level (including three AIS). The remaining ASVs could only be identified at higher taxonomic ranks, indicating that no DNA barcodes have yet been generated for the putative species in question. Although this study provides a good overview of plant community structure, it also highlights a gap in the taxonomic coverage of South African plants on public DNA databases. To address this shortcoming, increased national DNA barcoding efforts are needed to expand current reference databases. This will be indispensable for the effective application of eDNA metabarcoding in studying South Africa's unique biodiversity.},
}

@article {pmid41024497,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, X and Song, B and Zhang, H and Long, Y and Dan, Y and Liao, G and Chen, M and Qin, L and Chen, X and Zhu, F},
title = {Field-realistic exposure to pesticide residues in beehive pollen and honey and the associated risk to honeybees.},
journal = {Pest management science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/ps.70264},
pmid = {41024497},
issn = {1526-4998},
support = {Qian KH-YQK[2023]026, Qiankehe Foundation ZK [2023] General 181//Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Projects/ ; 32360693//National Natural Science Foundation of China/ ; [2024]07//Qian Agricultural Science Doctoral Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; QianKeHefuQi [2023] 011//Innovative capabilities Buildup of green prevention and control for Invasive Species in Agriculture/ ; [2025]38//Qian Agricultural Science General Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Honeybees, as the most important pollinators, can be affected by pesticides while foraging for nectar and pollen. Previous studies have shown that some pesticides can be found in pollen and nectar in realistic samples. However, the actual exposure characteristics of bees and the core sources of pesticides in the karst landform of Guizhou remain unknown at present. In this study, environmental DNA analysis was performed on bee pollen to examine its plant sources. Furthermore, the types and concentrations of pesticides in honey and bee pollen to which the associated bees were exposed were determined using the optimized QuEChERS extraction method combined with ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, the risks posed by the detected pesticides to the bees were assessed.

RESULTS: Results showed that spring beehive pollen mainly originated from agricultural crops, while autumn beehive pollen primarily originated from wild plants. Among the 427 samples of honey and bee pollen. Twenty-five types of pesticides were identified, including thiamethoxam, difenoconazole, and chlorantraniliprole, which were the most frequently detected pesticides in the samples. The overall pesticide detection rate for the samples was 54.8%. The HQ and ΣHQ values of the detected pesticides for bees were less than 1.0.

CONCLUSION: A higher number of pesticides was detected in the spring samples (24 pesticides) than in the autumn samples (seven pesticides), implying that the bees encounter greater challenges in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. The residual levels of these pesticides posed acceptable exposure risk levels to the bees. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.},
}

@article {pmid41023068,
year = {2025},
author = {Flitcroft, RL and Penaluna, BE and Hauck, LL and Munyon, JW and Capurso, JM},
title = {Multi-species eDNA as a screening tool to facilitate early detection and eradication of aquatic invasive species in large water bodies.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33615},
pmid = {41023068},
issn = {2045-2322},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; *DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics ; Animals ; *Aquatic Organisms/genetics ; *Environmental Monitoring/methods ; Biodiversity ; Fishes/genetics ; Plants/genetics ; },
abstract = {Aquatic invasive species can devastate native biodiversity and human water infrastructure. Effective eradication relies on early detection. However, commonly used visual surveys are ineffective for detection of small populations of submerged invasive species in large water bodies. Here, we explored detection of invasive aquatic plants, animals (vertebrate and invertebrate), and pathogens using 10 environmental DNA (eDNA) water sampling events every two weeks between June and October, 2018, informing ideal sampling times for long-term early-detection monitoring. The highest number of species detections across taxa were found using 6 replicates in late August and early September. Detections varied by taxon, with the most detections for fishes, followed by invertebrates, amphibians, and submerged plants. All expected species were detected with eDNA except for three terrestrial and emergent riparian plants. Reservoirs had the most consistent presence of AIS, suggesting that those systems and aquatic communities may be susceptible to new invasions. AIS detections occurred across more sites and water bodies than had been previously documented which provided evidence of silent invasions by species such as crayfishes, mollusks, and plants. We offer a framework for interpreting management response to low-read counts from multispecies eDNA sampling that balances interpretation of results with the cost of management responses.},
}

*Introduced Species
*DNA, Environmental/analysis/genetics
Animals
*Aquatic Organisms/genetics
*Environmental Monitoring/methods
Biodiversity
Fishes/genetics
Plants/genetics

@article {pmid41022991,
year = {2025},
author = {Cesarini, G and Orlandi, M and Sbarberi, R and Sabatino, R and Magni, S and Binelli, A and Santi, N and Schiavetta, D and Kamburska, L and Zanini, M and Zaupa, S and Boggero, A},
title = {Microplastics and invasive crayfish: emerging interactions and ecological implications from three coexisting species in a subalpine lake.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33395},
pmid = {41022991},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {CUPB83C22002930006//National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC/ ; CUPB83C22002930006//National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC/ ; Cooperation agreement 769/2019, 812/2021//International Commission for the Protection of Italian-Swiss Waters (CIPAIS)/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Astacoidea/metabolism/physiology ; *Lakes/chemistry ; *Microplastics/analysis/toxicity ; *Introduced Species ; Environmental Monitoring ; Ecosystem ; *Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; },
abstract = {Microplastics (MPs) and invasive species are two of the most pressing threats to freshwater ecosystems, yet their interactions remain underexplored. This study presents the first comparative analysis of MP uptake among three coexisting invasive crayfish species (Faxonius limosus, Pacifastacus leniusculus, and Procambarus clarkii) from Lake Maggiore, a large subalpine lake subjected to intense anthropogenic pressure. A total of 90 individuals were analyzed for biometric traits and MP occurrence in intestinal content, with species identification confirmed via molecular analysis. No significant interspecific differences or correlations with biometric traits were found, though F. limosus showed the highest average concentration. Most MPs were < 1 mm polyester or polyacrylate fibers, suggesting a dominant domestic source. Additionally, this work provides the first evidence of MP uptake in F. limosus, filling a key knowledge gap. Beyond documenting MP ingestion, our findings support the potential of invasive crayfish as agents of MP removal, suggesting an ecological role with important implications for environmental monitoring and ecosystem management. These results also highlight the need for further research on trophic transfer and organ-level accumulation of MPs, especially in widely distributed invasive species that are increasingly relevant for environmental risk assessment.},
}

Animals
*Astacoidea/metabolism/physiology
*Lakes/chemistry
*Microplastics/analysis/toxicity
*Introduced Species
Environmental Monitoring
Ecosystem
*Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis

@article {pmid41022942,
year = {2025},
author = {Halifu, S and Deng, X and Yang, L and Qian, L and Yang, L},
title = {Metagenomic analysis of pathogenicity of puccinia xanthii on invasive plant xanthium italicum.},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33530},
pmid = {41022942},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {KX031042//PhD research startup foundation of Shihezi University/ ; KX6107//a program of Shihezi University/ ; },
mesh = {*Plant Diseases/microbiology ; Plant Leaves/microbiology ; *Xanthium/microbiology ; *Metagenomics/methods ; *Puccinia/genetics/pathogenicity ; Introduced Species ; Photosynthesis ; China ; },
abstract = {Biological invasion refers to the establishment and proliferation of non-indigenous species in previously unoccupied areas, where they form wild populations. Xanthium italicum, an invasive species in Xinjiang, China, negatively affects local ecosystems, agriculture, and animal husbandry. In this study, we investigated the pathogenicity of Puccinia xanthii on the leaves of X. italicum by exploring the morphological characteristics of the pathogenic fungi, leaf enzyme activity measurement, photosynthesis measurement, and metagenomic sequencing. This study showed that P. xanthii infects the leaves of X. italicum, significantly reducing the activities of lyase, oxidoreductase, and antioxidant enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), superoxide dismutase (SOD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and catalase (CAT), as well as impairing photosynthesis. Furthermore, metagenomic analysis indicated that P. xanthii infection reduced the homogeneity and richness of phyllosphere microorganisms and increased the abundance of P. xanthii in the phyllosphere. Functional analysis also revealed that P. xanthii infection altered the diversity of microbial functions and eventually led to the development of disease symptoms and the demise of leaves through activated oxidative phosphorylation.},
}

*Plant Diseases/microbiology
Plant Leaves/microbiology
*Xanthium/microbiology
*Metagenomics/methods
*Puccinia/genetics/pathogenicity
Introduced Species
Photosynthesis
China

@article {pmid41022864,
year = {2025},
author = {S Barbosa, MD and Okasaki, FB and de Liz, NTP and Trindade, SG and Dos Santos, A and De A Umbuzeiro, G and de Messano, LVR and Altvater, L and de S Oliveira, EA and Gonçalves, JEA and Messano, HF and Kassuga, AD and Coutinho, R and Speglich, C and Sabadini, E},
title = {An environmentally friendly bio-based approach to control invasive sun corals (Tubastrea spp.).},
journal = {Scientific reports},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {33355},
pmid = {41022864},
issn = {2045-2322},
support = {2018/00204-9//Petrobras/ ; 2021/00015-4//Petrobras/ ; 2015/25406-5//Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo/ ; 141957/2021-2//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Anthozoa/drug effects ; *Introduced Species ; *Hydrogels/chemistry ; Acetic Acid/chemistry ; Alginates/chemistry ; },
abstract = {The rapid spread of the invasive sun coral species (Tubastraea spp.) in the South Atlantic, Caribbean region, and Gulf of Mexico urges for an immediate control tool. This study presents an environmentally friendly method to control invasive sun coral species, based on a hydrogel composed of alginate and acetic acid, offering a promising alternative to mechanical removal by divers. The biodegradable hydrogel can be remotely applied using underwater drones, reducing diver exposure. Minimal ecotoxicological effects of the hydrogel were observed using Parhyale hawaiensis as a non-target species.},
}

Animals
*Anthozoa/drug effects
*Introduced Species
*Hydrogels/chemistry
Acetic Acid/chemistry
Alginates/chemistry

@article {pmid41022775,
year = {2025},
author = {Chiappi, M and Di Muri, C and Azzurro, E and Luzi, F and Rosati, I and Despalatović, M and Cvitković, I and Scarcella, G},
title = {A spatiotemporal dataset of invasive Anadara kagoshimensis and Anadara transversa in the Adriatic Sea.},
journal = {Scientific data},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {1588},
pmid = {41022775},
issn = {2052-4463},
mesh = {*Introduced Species ; Animals ; Italy ; Oceans and Seas ; Ecosystem ; *Bivalvia ; Spatio-Temporal Analysis ; },
abstract = {In response to the growing demand for accurate spatial and temporal information on the abundance and distribution of invasive species as required by EU regulations, data on two invasive bivalves have been collected annually through beam trawl surveys in the Adriatic Sea, as part of an international, fishery-independent monitoring programme. The compiled dataset comprises 1,998 records of Anadara kagoshimensis and Anadara transversa located in the Italian and international waters of the Northern and Central Adriatic Sea, and collected from 2008 to 2023. The records from this dataset represent georeferenced information on detections/non-detections including abundance and biomass information per sampled sites. This initiative highlights the potential of leveraging existing spatiotemporal data on invasive species to support their commercial harvesting and inform sustainable management practices, ultimately helping to mitigate their impact on native ecosystems.},
}

*Introduced Species
Animals
Italy
Oceans and Seas
Ecosystem
*Bivalvia
Spatio-Temporal Analysis

@article {pmid41022005,
year = {2025},
author = {Zhu, W and Liu, H and Zhang, Q and Gao, N and Hui, M and Sun, Y and Zhang, X and Feng, Y},
title = {Genome-wide identification of cytochrome b5 gene family reveals their potential roles in nitrate response in Xanthium strumarium.},
journal = {Plant physiology and biochemistry : PPB},
volume = {229},
number = {Pt C},
pages = {110544},
doi = {10.1016/j.plaphy.2025.110544},
pmid = {41022005},
issn = {1873-2690},
abstract = {Cytochrome b5 protein (CB5) is a key physiological component in electron transport, playing a significant role in oxidative reactions, plant growth, and stress response mechanisms. In invasive plants, the CB5 gene family may potentiate invasion competitiveness by orchestrating oxidative stress homeostasis, thereby conferring adaptive advantages under novel environmental regimes. This study focused on the CB5 gene family in Xanthium strumarium, an invasive species. We conducted RNA-sequencing following treatments with 0.5 mM nitrate, 5 mM nitrate, and Gibberellins (GA), as these concentrations mimic varying nitrogen availability and hormonal responses that the plant may encounter in novel environments. 27 putative XstCB5 proteins were isolated and clustered them into four clades in X. strumarium. The 27 XstCB5 genes exhibited distinct gene structures encoding a wide range of physiological traits through their corresponding proteins. All the XstCB5s promoters harbored numerous cis-elements related to stress and phytohormones. RNA-sequencing results revealed significant upregulation of 26, 24, and 24 CB5 genes in response to the respective treatments. Real-time quantitative PCR and nitrate reductase (NR) activity further demonstrated that XstNR1 and XstNR2, the key nitrogen assimilation-related CB5 genes, exhibited distinct functions when subjected to conditions of low nitrate stress. The overexpression of XstNR2 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in an increased biomass following treatment with 0.5 mM nitrate. Our results provide a systematic overview of the XstCB5 gene family and emphasize their roles in varying nitrate conditions.},
}

@article {pmid41020141,
year = {2025},
author = {Honasoge, KS and Vincent, TLS and McNickle, GG and Dobbe, R and Staňková, K and Brown, JS and Apaloo, J},
title = {Hyper Diversity, Species Richness, and Community Structure in ESS and Non-ESS Communities.},
journal = {Dynamic games and applications},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {1424-1444},
pmid = {41020141},
issn = {2153-0785},
abstract = {UNLABELLED: In mathematical models of eco-evolutionary dynamics with a quantitative trait, two species with different strategies can coexist only if they are separated by a valley or peak of the adaptive landscape. A community is ecologically and evolutionarily stable if each species' trait sits on global, equal fitness peaks, forming a saturated ESS community. However, the adaptive landscape may allow communities with fewer (undersaturated) or more (hypersaturated) species than the ESS. Non-ESS communities at ecological equilibrium exhibit invasion windows of strategies that can successfully invade. Hypersaturated communities can arise through mutual invasibility where each non-ESS species' strategy lies in another's invasion window. Hypersaturation in ESS communities with more than 1 species remains poorly understood. We use the G-function approach to model niche coevolution and Darwinian dynamics in a Lotka-Volterra competition model. We confirm that up to 2 species can coexist in a hypersaturated community with a single-species ESS if the strategy is scalar-valued, or 3 species if the strategy is bivariate. We conjecture that at most n · s + 1 species can form a hypersaturated community, where n is the number of ESS species at the strategy's dimension s . For a scalar-valued 2-species ESS, 4 species coexist by "straddling" the would-be ESS traits. When our model has a 5-species ESS, we can get 7 or 8, but not 9 or 10, species coexisting in the hypersaturated community. In a bivariate model with a single-species ESS, an infinite number of 3-species hypersaturated communities can exist. We offer conjectures and discuss their relevance to ecosystems that may be non-ESS due to invasive species, climate change, and human-altered landscapes.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13235-025-00646-2.},
}

@article {pmid41014393,
year = {2025},
author = {Schreiber, SJ},
title = {Coexistence and extinction in flow-kick systems: An invasion growth rate approach.},
journal = {Journal of mathematical biology},
volume = {91},
number = {5},
pages = {50},
pmid = {41014393},
issn = {1432-1416},
mesh = {*Models, Biological ; *Extinction, Biological ; *Ecosystem ; Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data ; Mathematical Concepts ; *Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; Computer Simulation ; },
abstract = {Natural populations experience a complex interplay of continuous and discrete processes: continuous growth and interactions are punctuated by discrete reproduction events, dispersal, and external disturbances. These dynamics can be modeled by impulsive or flow-kick systems, where continuous flows alternate with instantaneous discrete changes. To study species persistence in these systems, an invasion growth rate theory is developed for flow-kick models with state-dependent timing of kicks and auxiliary variables that can represent stage structure, trait evolution, or environmental forcing. The invasion growth rates correspond to Lyapunov exponents that characterize the average per-capita growth of species when rare. Two theorems are proven that use invasion growth rates to characterize permanence, a form of robust coexistence where populations remain bounded away from extinction. The first theorem uses Morse decompositions of the extinction set and requires that there exists a species with a positive invasion growth rate for every invariant measure supported on a component of the Morse decomposition. The second theorem uses invasion growth rates to define invasion graphs whose vertices correspond to communities and directed edges to potential invasions. Provided the invasion graph is acyclic, permanence and extinction are fully characterized by the signs of the invasion growth rates. Invasion growth rates are also used to identify the existence of extinction-bound trajectories and attractors that lie on the extinction set. To demonstrate the framework's utility, these results are applied to three ecological systems: (i) a microbial serial transfer model where state-dependent timing enables coexistence through a storage effect, (ii) a spatially structured consumer-resource model showing intermediate reproductive delays can maximize persistence, and (iii) an empirically parameterized Lotka-Volterra model demonstrating how disturbance can lead to extinction by disrupting facilitation. Mathematical challenges, particularly for systems with cyclic invasion graphs, and promising biological applications are discussed. These results reveal how the interplay between continuous and discrete dynamics creates ecological outcomes not found in purely continuous or discrete systems, providing a foundation for predicting population persistence and species coexistence in natural communities subject to gradual and sudden changes.},
}

*Models, Biological
*Extinction, Biological
*Ecosystem
Population Dynamics/statistics & numerical data
Mathematical Concepts
*Introduced Species/statistics & numerical data
Animals
Computer Simulation

@article {pmid41013189,
year = {2025},
author = {Liu, PY and Chiu, WC and Lim, SL and Chen, HJ and Chen, YH and Wang, HI and Yang, CY and Chen, CC and Nozawa, Y and Yamashiro, H and Sakai, K and Tang, SL},
title = {Genomic analysis reveals broad adaptability of coral-killing sponge (Terpios hoshinota) under environmental stress.},
journal = {BMC genomics},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {830},
pmid = {41013189},
issn = {1471-2164},
support = {NSTC 112-2313-B-110-003//National Science and Technology Council/ ; NSTC 111-2621-B-001-002-MY3//National Science and Technology Council/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Porifera/genetics/physiology ; *Genomics ; *Stress, Physiological/genetics ; Phylogeny ; *Adaptation, Physiological/genetics ; *Genome ; Transcriptome ; Anthozoa ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Coral Reefs ; },
abstract = {The coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota, poses a significant ecological threat to coral reefs, exhibiting rapid expansion and competitive overgrowth. Despite its invasiveness, the genomic basis underlying its adaptability and resilience remains largely unexplored. Here, we present a high-quality genome assembly of T. hoshinota, comprising 169.4 Mb with 40,945 predicted genes. Phylogenomic analysis estimated its divergence from other demosponges during the Ordovician (~ 471 million years ago), even though its simple morphology suggests a more ancient evolutionary origin. Comparative genomic analyses revealed enrichment of genes related to substrate adhesion, innate immunity, and developmental pathways, including expansions of Wnt signaling, homeobox genes, and cell migration gene ontologies which may contribute to its aggressive growth and resilience. Transcriptomic responses under simulated climate stress conditions (heat stress at 31 °C and acidification at 700 ppm pCO2) indicated dynamic gene regulation, with upregulation of neurotransmitter metabolism, cellular maintenance, and ion homeostasis responses. Despite these stressors, it remained stable. This suggests that T. hoshinota exhibits strong adaptability and resilience through rapid gene regulation. In conclusion, these findings provide molecular insights into T. hoshinota's ecological success, its potential expansion under climate change, and its broader impact on coral reef ecosystems.},
}

Animals
*Porifera/genetics/physiology
*Genomics
*Stress, Physiological/genetics
Phylogeny
*Adaptation, Physiological/genetics
*Genome
Transcriptome
Anthozoa
Gene Expression Profiling
Coral Reefs

@article {pmid41012084,
year = {2025},
author = {Xu, B and Huang, C and Cheng, S and Romeis, J and Collatz, J and Zhang, G and Zhang, Y and Zhang, G and Wan, F},
title = {Screening of Highly Virulent Beauveria bassiana Strains Against Tuta absoluta Larvae and Evaluation of Their Endophytic Colonization-Mediated Suppression in Tomato Plants.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012084},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {2021YFD1400200//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; 2022YFC2601000//the National Key Research and Development Project of China/ ; No. S2025XM32//the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund/ ; KFG202421//the Project of the Engineering Research Center of Ecology and Agricultural Use of Wetland, Minis-try of Education/ ; },
abstract = {To identify highly virulent Beauveria bassiana strains against Tuta absoluta and evaluate their biocontrol potential, four strains were phylogenetically characterized via ITS sequence analysis of rDNA and assessed for virulence against second-instar T. absoluta larvae. Foliar spray and root irrigation methods were used to establish B. bassiana endophytic colonization in tomato plants, with untreated plants serving as controls. A population life table was constructed to quantify the impact of colonized plants on larval development, fecundity, and key demographic parameters. Results showed variation in virulence among the four B. bassiana strains Bb1Bm, Bb2Bm, Bb1M, and BbC with Bb1Bm exhibiting the highest pathogenicity (85.00% corrected mortality at 1 × 10[8] spores/mL). Maximum endophytic colonization in tomato leaves was observed 14 days post-inoculation with both foliar spray and root irrigation treatments. Life table analyses revealed that T. absoluta feeding on colonized plants exhibited significantly reduced survival rates, shorter adult lifespans, and lower female fecundity compared to controls. Key population parameters, including net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and finite rate of increase (λ), were significantly reduced, while mean generation time (T) was significantly prolonged. These findings highlight the dual role of B. bassiana in T. absoluta management, demonstrating its potential as both a direct pathogen and an endophytic biocontrol agent capable of disrupting pest population dynamics.},
}

@article {pmid41012052,
year = {2025},
author = {Domijan, AM and Bival Štefan, M and Duka, I and Marić, T and Friščić, M and Maleš, Ž and Mitić, B and Hruševar, D},
title = {Mechanism of Impatiens glandulifera Royle Allelopathy to Sinapis alba L. and Raphanus sativus L. Germination Is Through Oxidative Stress.},
journal = {Plants (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {18},
pages = {},
pmid = {41012052},
issn = {2223-7747},
support = {Z264//University of Zagreb/ ; },
abstract = {Impatiens glandulifera Royle (I. glandulifera) in the EU presents a threat to the ecosystem, and is thus on the list of invasive alien species. The aim of this study was to clarify if an allelopathic effect of I. glandulifera involves the activation of oxidative stress in target plants. First, I. glandulifera leaf extract was prepared and levels of 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphtoquinone (2-HNQ) and 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-MNQ), as main allelochemicals of I. glandulifera, determined by HPLC. Next, seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba) or radish (Raphanus sativus) were exposed to the extract or to 2-MNQ (in the concentration range of 1-30 µg/mL) for 3 days and parameters of germination and oxidative stress were assessed. Both the leaf extract and 2-MNQ inhibited germination of white mustard and radish; however, the effect of 2-MNQ was more pronounced. Furthermore, the extract and 2-MNQ induced activation of antioxidative defense and caused oxidative damage to lipids and proteins in white mustard and radish seedlings. It was observed that radish seedlings were less susceptible to negative effect of I. glandulifera extract and 2-MNQ. This study's obtained results demonstrated that 2-MNQ is the main allelochemical of I. glandulifera and that the mechanism by which I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ induce negative effects to target plants involves oxidative stress. In addition, species-dependent susceptibility to I. glandulifera and 2-MNQ was shown.},
}

@article {pmid41011806,
year = {2025},
author = {Kubacki, J and Klich, D and Bełcik, A and Korpysa-Dzirba, W and Cencek, T and Karamon, J and Sroka, J and Samorek-Pieróg, M and Gondek, M and Bilska-Zając, E},
title = {Forest Density and Invasive Carnivores Are Related to Trichinella Infection in Wild Boars in Poland.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {14},
number = {9},
pages = {},
pmid = {41011806},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Animals ; Poland/epidemiology ; *Trichinellosis/epidemiology/veterinary/transmission/parasitology ; *Sus scrofa/parasitology ; *Trichinella/isolation & purification ; Introduced Species ; Forests ; Raccoon Dogs/parasitology ; Population Density ; Swine ; *Swine Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission ; *Carnivora/parasitology ; Foxes/parasitology ; Prevalence ; Mustelidae/parasitology ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this study was to investigate and update the spatial distribution of Trichinella spp. in wild boars tested between 2015 and 2022 and to test the correlation of the population density of chosen animals (wild boars, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and European badgers (Meles meles)) with the prevalence of Trichinella spp. in wild boars in Poland. In addition, to understand the distribution of infected animals, we sought to see if there were a correlation of Trichinella spp. infections in wild boars with land cover type. Among the wild carnivore species analyzed, only the population density of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides)-an invasive alien species-was significantly associated with infection rates in wild boars, particularly at the regional scale. As scavengers and competent reservoir hosts for all four European Trichinella species, raccoon dogs are likely to play a key role in the sylvatic transmission cycle. The positive rate of Trichinella spp. infection in wild boars during 2015-2022 was 0.22%, compared to 0.3% in 2009-2016. Moreover, forest density was positively correlated with infection rates, underlining the role of forest habitats in sustaining Trichinella transmission.},
}

Animals
Poland/epidemiology
*Trichinellosis/epidemiology/veterinary/transmission/parasitology
*Sus scrofa/parasitology
*Trichinella/isolation & purification
Introduced Species
Forests
Raccoon Dogs/parasitology
Population Density
Swine
*Swine Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/transmission
*Carnivora/parasitology
Foxes/parasitology
Prevalence
Mustelidae/parasitology