@article {pmid42094153,
year = {2026},
author = {Xu, H and Yu, G and Lu, Y and Fuller, H and Song, S and Shen, Y and Chiang, CWK and Darst, BF and Ye, K},
title = {Polygenic predisposition modifies the associations of fish oil supplementation with circulating omega-3 fatty acids: a cross-sectional gene-diet interaction study in UK Biobank.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42094153},
support = {R35 GM143060/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several genetic variants have been identified to modify the effects of fish oil supplementation (FOS) on increasing circulating omega-3 fatty acids, but it remains unexplored whether polygenic predisposition to low circulating omega-3 fatty acids modifies these effects.

OBJECTIVE: To test if polygenic scores (PGS) for circulating omega-3 fatty acids modify the associations of FOS with corresponding circulating concentrations.

METHODS: We developed PGS models for absolute circulating concentrations of total omega-3 fatty acids (Omega-3), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and their relative percentages in total fatty acids (Omega-3% and DHA%), using a multi-ethnic genome-wide association study (N=136,016). PGS models were validated in 437,803 UK Biobank participants of European (EUR), Central/South Asian (CSA), African, and East Asian genetic ancestries. Linear models tested PGS-by-FOS interactions on corresponding observed circulating concentrations. Discovery analysis was performed separately in 237,380 EUR participants and each non-EUR group. Replication analyses were performed using oily fish intake and in another 178,935 EUR participants.

RESULTS: In EUR participants, PGS explained 5.3-11.1% of the phenotypic variance, and significant PGS-by-FOS interactions were detected across all four circulating omega-3 traits. Among participants in the bottom 5% of the PGS distribution, FOS was significantly associated with a 0.40 SD (95% CI: 0.39-0.44) increase in Omega-3. This association effect was 11.1% larger than the population average (β = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.35-0.37; PInt = 0.016) and 42.8% larger than that in participants in the top 5% of the PGS distribution (β = 0.28 SD; 95% CI: 0.25-0.32; PInt = 4.03×10[-10]). These interaction patterns were consistently observed in CSA ancestry and confirmed in replication and sensitivity analyses.

CONCLUSIONS: PGS modify the associations of FOS with circulating omega-3 fatty acids in EUR and CSA populations, with larger FOS effects in participants with lower PGS. These findings support the development of genome-informed precision nutrition.},
}

@article {pmid42094349,
year = {2026},
author = {Taber, A and Frutoso, M and Potchen, N and Koehne, AL and Schmitz, C and Morrell, ED and Prlic, M and Wright, SW},
title = {Human lung γδ T cells maintain functionality during inflammatory lung disease.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42094349},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {γδ T cells provide mucosal defense against infection while also contributing to tissue repair. However, data regarding the effect of the human lung environment on γδ T cell functionality remains limited. To address whether lung inflammation impacts γδ T cell functionality, we analyzed lung and matched hilar lymph node (LN) tissue from deceased donors and patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). We performed high-parameter spectral flow cytometry to examine the expression pattern of phenotypic biomarkers and assess ex vivo function. We identified lung-specific enrichment of γδ T cells with an effector memory phenotype relative to matched regional LN. We then used an ex vivo stimulation approach to interrogate the capacity to protect against infection (granzyme B [GzmB], interferon-γ [IFNγ] and tumor necrosis factor [TNFα]) and promote epithelial cell proliferation (amphiregulin [AREG]). We found that γδ T cells in lung and LN from deceased donors had similar functional properties. While γδ T cell populations from ILD lungs largely maintained cytokine production capacity, expression was diminished relative to LN counterparts. Importantly, lung γδ T cells maintained polyfunctional GzmB, IFNγ and TNFα expression across cohorts. Overall, we report human lung γδ T cells are regionally distinct with conserved functionality in a fibrotic environment.},
}

@article {pmid42177030,
year = {2026},
author = {Boutin, CA and Callegari, M and Florescu, D and Nguyen, MH and Kaul, D and Avery, R and Chong, P and Fisher, C and Limaye, AP and Clough, L and Pergam, SA and Green, M and Michaels, MG and Danziger-Isakov, L and Angarone, M and Keefer, L and Daud, A and Lorenzo-Redondo, R and Tan, M and Ison, MG},
title = {A Phase 2 Multi-Center, Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Assess the Clinical and Antiviral Efficacy and Safety of Nitazoxanide for the Treatment of Norovirus in Hematopoietic Stem Cell and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients.},
journal = {American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajt.2026.04.010},
pmid = {42177030},
issn = {1600-6143},
abstract = {Norovirus (NoV) may cause or contribute to chronic diarrhea among immunocompromised hosts. Neither vaccines nor antiviral therapies are available to prevent or treat NoV. We conducted an NIH-sponsored multi-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind study of nitazoxanide for the treatment of NoV infected adult transplant patients between 2018 and 2021. Subjects with a positive stool NoV PCR within 14 days of enrollment and active gastrointestinal symptoms were randomly assigned (1:1) to nitazoxanide or placebo for 56 consecutive doses and followed for 6 months. Primary endpoint was time to symptom resolution. Secondary endpoints included virologic efficacy and frequency of adverse events. 31 subjects (16 nitazoxanide,15 placebo) were enrolled. Most had chronic (≥14 days) symptoms (77%) and were solid organ transplant recipients (30/31). In the intention-to-treat population, the median time to symptom resolution was 19.0 days (95% CI: 1.0, 31.0) versus 11.0 days (95% CI: 2.0, 14.0) for the nitazoxanide and placebo groups respectively (p=0.459). Time to first negative stool NoV PCR was not significantly different between treatment arms (p=0.873). There were no serious adverse events related to nitazoxanide. Nitazoxanide did not shorten time to symptom resolution or viral shedding. Although safe, nitazoxanide likely contributes little to the management of chronic NoV. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03395405 (registration date 2018-01-04).},
}

@article {pmid42177092,
year = {2026},
author = {Kogut, S and Padilla-Gálvez, M and Blanco-Melo, D},
title = {Transcriptional regulation of human endogenous retroviruses in cancer.},
journal = {Advances in virus research},
volume = {124},
number = {},
pages = {61-95},
doi = {10.1016/bs.aivir.2026.03.002},
pmid = {42177092},
issn = {1557-8399},
mesh = {Humans ; *Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; *Neoplasms/virology/genetics/therapy ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; *Transcription, Genetic ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/virology ; },
abstract = {Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) provide a direct record of the millions of years of co-evolution between humans and viruses. Yet, due to their repetitive nature and former reputation as "junk DNA," a full characterization of the functional roles and transcriptional regulation of HERVs remains to be achieved. As sequencing technologies improve, better resolution data regarding HERV expression and regulation has become attainable, and there is mounting evidence of aberrant HERV expression in various human diseases, particularly cancer. However, the perturbations to the transcriptional regulatory processes that govern these endogenized retroviral elements in cancer remain unclear. In this review, we will summarize the state of our understanding of the various mechanisms that control HERV expression in cancer, focusing primarily on aberrant methylation and KRAB-domain containing zinc finger proteins (KZFPs), among others. Many of these regulatory mechanisms are employed in stem cells to regulate pluripotency and differentiation and are also deployed in a subpopulation of cancer cells with high self-renewal and proliferation capacity, called cancer stem cells. While the expression of specific HERVs in cancer could be beneficial, deleterious, or neutral, the potential to use HERVs as biomarkers or immune adjuvants to enhance immunotherapies against cancer is promising. The implications of shared transcriptional mechanisms across cancer and stem cells will expose new areas to intervene with cancer treatments, ushering in a new era of HERV-based cancer therapeutics and diagnostics.},
}

Humans
*Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
*Neoplasms/virology/genetics/therapy
*Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
*Transcription, Genetic
*Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Neoplastic Stem Cells/virology

@article {pmid42177172,
year = {2026},
author = {Peters, BA and Qi, Q and Xue, X and Moon, JY and Yu, B and Thomas, SN and Cordero, C and Daviglus, ML and Burk, RD and Kaplan, RC and Isasi, CR},
title = {Association of gut microbiome with mobility impairment in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.},
journal = {NPJ biofilms and microbiomes},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41522-026-01019-2},
pmid = {42177172},
issn = {2055-5008},
support = {R03HL182350/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; R01DK134672/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; R01AG085320/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Aging-related declines in mobility are more common in women than men. The gut microbiome may play a role in physical function, but sex-specific roles are unknown. In adults ≥50 years old (n = 1187 women, 585 men), we examined associations of self-reported mobility impairment with gut microbiome assessed by stool shotgun sequencing, and examined heterogeneity by sex. Gut microbiome α-diversity was lower and overall composition (β-diversity) altered in women with mobility impairment compared to without, but this was not the case in men. Fifteen microbiome species were associated with mobility impairment in both women and men, including enrichment of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus and depletion of Eubacterium species. An additional 84 species were associated with mobility impairment in women only, including enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria species, but none were associated with mobility impairment in men only. Correlations of impaired mobility-related microbiome scores, derived from universal and women-specific microbiome species, with serum metabolites (n = 385) suggested that impaired mobility-related species may be involved in synthesis of imidazole propionate and deoxycholic acid metabolites, while species depleted with mobility impairment may be involved in sex hormone metabolism and guanidinoacetate production, the latter in women only. Gut microbiota may play a role in physical function and sex differences therein.},
}

@article {pmid42177198,
year = {2026},
author = {Gianopulos, JE and Schutter, A and Dobersch, S and Wallace-Povirk, A and Kogut, SE and Doak, A and Chanana, P and Ge, S and Mangino, L and Yamamoto, N and Boila, LD and Padilla-Galvez, M and Hui, J and Rhoads, N and Gifford, RJ and Cheung, KJ and Blanco-Melo, D and Notta, F and Kugel, S},
title = {ZNF274 constrains lineage plasticity and drives intrinsic resistance to CDK7 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-73380-x},
pmid = {42177198},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by two distinct transcriptional subtypes: classical and basal, which may interconvert. We show the KRAB-ZNF protein, ZNF274, correlates with PDAC subtype and regulates sensitivity to CDK7 inhibition by facilitating heterochromatin maintenance and gene suppression. We find ZNF274 loss drives a classical to basal transition, induces invasive protrusions and facilitates invasion capacity. We define two mechanistic arms to this regulation. ZNF274 directly suppresses ZEB1 expression. When ZNF274 is lost, ZEB1 facilitates acquisition of mesenchymal features, keratin gene expression, and susceptibility to CDK7 inhibition. Second, ZNF274 dampens expression of repetitive elements including human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). HERV expression following ZNF274 loss induces a double stranded RNA response that reinforces the classical to basal subtype transition. Here, we show ZNF274 is an important epigenetic regulator of cellular plasticity and sensitivity to CDK7 inhibition, presenting a therapeutic liability of PDAC subtype transition that is actionable in the clinic.},
}

@article {pmid42178683,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, S and Mishima, Y and Bailey, SL and Chauhan, A and Quesada, J and Klotz, P and Morrow, T and Provencher, K and Chen, J and López, JA and Tsai, TL and Panch, S and Stolla, M},
title = {Factors associated with aggregate formation in cold-stored platelets.},
journal = {Vox sanguinis},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/vox.70294},
pmid = {42178683},
issn = {1423-0410},
support = {W81XWH-12-1-0441//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; EDMS 5570//U.S. Department of Defense/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cold-stored platelets (CSPs) can form aggregates, ultimately rendering them unusable. The causes of these aggregates and how to prevent them are poorly understood. This study aimed to identify potential factors associated with aggregate formation in CSPs stored in plasma for up to 14 days.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained CSPs from 79 unique donors during a clinical trial. We retrospectively analysed aggregate rates among donors of different sexes, ages and blood groups. In a subgroup, samples were also tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for markers of thrombosis and inflammation. Platelets from mice lacking von Willebrand factor (VWF) and human apheresis platelets treated with VWF and caplacizumab were stored and assessed for platelet count and aggregate formation by visual inspection and flow cytometry.

RESULTS: Forty-five (57%) units developed aggregates, and 34 (43%) did not. Units with aggregates had significantly lower soluble thrombomodulin levels and higher VWF levels approaching significance. In a multivariate analysis, platelets from female donors and donors with ABO type A were significantly more likely to form aggregates than those from male donors and donors with ABO type O, respectively. In the oldest donor cohort, units with aggregates were significantly less common than those without. Interfering with VWF levels and VWF function during storage did not reliably cause or prevent aggregates.

CONCLUSION: Donor sex, age, ABO type and thrombomodulin were significantly associated with aggregate formation or prevention.},
}

@article {pmid42178982,
year = {2026},
author = {Daniele, C and Wacks, R and Hills, S and Garcia, L and LeBlanc, E and Rillamas-Sun, E and Wallace, R and Waring, M and Sturgeon, SR and Ryckman, KK and Spracklen, CN},
title = {Association of self-reported birth weight and preterm birth with blood pressure measures and risk for hypertension in older women from the women's health initiative.},
journal = {Journal of developmental origins of health and disease},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {e22},
doi = {10.1017/S2040174426100579},
pmid = {42178982},
issn = {2040-1752},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Premature Birth/epidemiology/physiopathology ; *Hypertension/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis ; *Blood Pressure/physiology ; Self Report ; *Birth Weight/physiology ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Women's Health ; Infant, Newborn ; },
abstract = {Prenatal and early-life exposures may contribute to lifelong hypertension risk. We examined the relationships between an individual's birth weight or preterm birth status with their 1) risk for hypertension and 2) related quantitative blood pressure measures [mean systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and 30-second pulse] among post-menopausal women from the Women's Health Initiative observational cohort. At study entry, birth weight and preterm birth status were self-reported by category (<6 lbs., 6-7 lbs. 15 oz., 8-9 lbs. 15 oz., or ≥10 lbs.; ≥4 weeks premature or full term). Prevalent and incident hypertension status were self-reported; baseline SBP, DBP, and 30-second pulse were measured by trained study staff. Linear, logistic, and Cox-proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate associations between birth weight and preterm birth and blood pressure outcomes. After adjustments, participants born weighing <6 lbs. had a higher mean SBP and were at increased risk for prevalent and incident hypertension compared to participants born at a normal birth weight (6-7 lbs. 15 oz.). Women born weighing ≥10 lbs. had a lower mean SBP and were at lower risk for prevalent and incident hypertension when compared to participants born at a normal birth weight. Compared to participants born full term, those born preterm were at increased risk for prevalent and incident hypertension; however, this relationship was weaker when stratifying by birth weight. Long-term follow-up or targeted counseling may be required for individuals born prematurely or at lower birth weights to prevent hypertension and associated cardiovascular outcomes.},
}

Humans
Female
*Premature Birth/epidemiology/physiopathology
*Hypertension/epidemiology/etiology/diagnosis
*Blood Pressure/physiology
Self Report
*Birth Weight/physiology
Middle Aged
Pregnancy
Risk Factors
Women's Health
Infant, Newborn

@article {pmid42179247,
year = {2026},
author = {Ma, W and Kim, RS and Isasi, CR and Gallo, LC and Perreira, KM and Trifan, G and Daviglus, ML and Pirzada, A and Sotres-Alvarez, D and Cordero, C and Penedo, FJ and Kaplan, RC},
title = {Favorable Cardiovascular Health Among Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Adults in the United States: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2008 to 2024.},
journal = {Journal of the American Heart Association},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e047791},
doi = {10.1161/JAHA.125.047791},
pmid = {42179247},
issn = {2047-9980},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The long-term trends of favorable cardiovascular health among US Hispanic and Latino adults are not well understood. Using recent data spanning 2008 to 2024, this study examines contemporary changes in cardiovascular health within a diverse Hispanic and Latino population and compares them with national patterns.

METHODS: We applied the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metrics of cardiovascular risk factor status to HCHS/SOL (Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos) participants aged 28 to 74 years who were free of cardiovascular disease. Across 3 study visits (2008-2024), we examined the prevalence of achieving favorable metrics (Life's Essential 8 score ≥80) for nicotine exposure, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose, and blood pressure. Comparisons were made with Hispanic and Latino and non-Hispanic White adults in the NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey).

RESULTS: Over time, Hispanic and Latino adults had increasing prevalence of meeting the favorable Life's Essential 8 metric for blood lipids (HCHS/SOL, 29.4%-45.3%; NHANES, 30.6%-38.9%) and nicotine exposure (HCHS/SOL, 56.3%-63.4%; NHANES, 60.8%-67.1%), along with declining prevalence of meeting the favorable blood glucose metric (HCHS/SOL, 44.6%-37.5%; NHANES, 33.6%-30.0%). When comparing the Hispanic and Latino populations versus NHANES non-Hispanic White adults, the most marked and persistent differences were more favorable nicotine exposure and less favorable body mass index and glucose levels among the Hispanic and Latino groups.

CONCLUSIONS: Hispanic and Latino adults exhibit both advantages and disadvantages in cardiovascular health compared with non-Hispanic White adults. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and culturally tailored policies to address cardiovascular health disparities.},
}

@article {pmid42182038,
year = {2025},
author = {Doty, RT and Munday, AD and Cottnair, H and Funk, SE and Young, DJ and Dunbar, CE and Wu, M and Abkowitz, JL},
title = {Restricting glycine uptake with bitopertin improves erythropoiesis in preclinical models of Diamond-Blackfan anemia.},
journal = {Blood. Red cells & iron},
volume = {1},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {42182038},
issn = {3050-5984},
abstract = {Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) results from germ line haploinsufficiency of 1 of at least 26 distinct ribosomal proteins. Although patients with DBA have hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell defects, the dominant clinical phenotype is severe anemia. In ~60% of patients with DBA, the anemia responds to corticosteroids. However, these responses are often time limited, and steroid-related complications are common, leaving an unmet need for an effective and safe oral therapy. In DBA, ribosomal haploinsufficiency leads to slowed translation and impaired protein synthesis. Globin synthesis is significantly slowed, whereas the production of heme, which requires a small amount of protein because it is synthesized enzymatically, proceeds at a near normal rate. This results in an excess of intracellular heme in early erythroblasts, elevated reactive oxygen species, and other heme-induced toxicity. Bitopertin, an oral competitive inhibitor of glycine import, has been shown to reduce heme synthesis and to have an excellent safety profile in unrelated phase 2 and 3 studies. We reasoned that bitopertin might help balance heme synthesis with globin synthesis and improve erythropoiesis in patients with DBA. Our observations in samples from patients with DBA, CD34[+] cells engineered to downregulate RPS19, and a murine DBA model support this concept, justify ongoing clinical studies, and provide insight into optimal trial design.},
}

@article {pmid42183754,
year = {2026},
author = {Olives, EV and Crump, A and Ransome, Y and Castillo, WC and Kawachi, I and Jones, S and Reeve, B},
title = {Toward the Development of a Multilevel Measure of Structural Racism: Theory and Methods.},
journal = {American journal of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/aje/kwag112},
pmid = {42183754},
issn = {1476-6256},
abstract = {Structural racism adversely affects the health and well-being of many Black and Hispanic/Latino Americans. This study sought to establish a theoretical foundation for developing a novel multilevel structural racism measure for use within Black and Hispanic/Latino communities in the United States (US). Based on a framework developed by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), a content development team (n = 4 social epidemiologists) pre-selected 68 candidate indicators to be included in the ecological level index based on published literature. Subsequently, an expert panel consisting of leaders of community organizations (n = 3), health equity researchers (n = 5), and social stratification researchers (n = 2) participated in a modified three-phase Delphi panel process. This process yielded thirty-eight ecological-level indicators earmarked for inclusion, 30 for elimination, and 76 newly proposed. After revision of the newly proposed indicators, the final list included 71 indicators for structural racism measurement and spanned various domains of the NIMHD framework. This study sets the stage for a practical tool that can help researchers, clinicians, and policymakers identify structural racism's effects and guide efforts toward equity and justice in healthcare and beyond.},
}

@article {pmid42184910,
year = {2026},
author = {Julceus, EF and Mendoza, JA and Flory, K and Frongillo, EA and Merchant, AT and Malik, FS and Cooper, DK and Reboussin, BA and Sauder, KA and Bellatorre, A and Liese, AD},
title = {Association of resilience with hemoglobin A1c among youth and young adults with youth-onset diabetes.},
journal = {Annals of epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110125},
doi = {10.1016/j.annepidem.2026.110125},
pmid = {42184910},
issn = {1873-2585},
abstract = {PURPOSE: We assessed whether resilience is associated with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in youth and young adults (YYA) with youth-onset type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D).

METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the multicenter SEARCH Food Security Cohort study (2019-2022) was conducted including 574 and 82 YYA with youth-onset T1D and T2D, respectively. Resilience, assessed with the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience scale, was analyzed in categories determined through tertiles (low ≤25, moderate 26-32, and high ≥33). Multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors, perceived social support, and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and eating problems.

RESULTS: Regardless of diabetes type, compared to participants with high resilience, those with low resilience had higher odds of HbA1c >9% (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.06-3.41); the OR was 1.62 (95% CI 0.97-2.70) for those with intermediate resilience. Among YYA with T1D, those with low and intermediate resilience had elevated odds of HbA1c >9% (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.02-3.79; OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.13-3.59, respectively) compared to those with high resilience.

CONCLUSIONS: Findings were consistent with the hypothesis that resilience was protective of elevated HbA1c in YYA with diabetes. Strategies to enhance resilience in these populations might be beneficial.},
}

@article {pmid42171881,
year = {2026},
author = {Yan, F and Cruz-Correa, M and Specht, J and Wang, EW and Lu, J and Soliman, H and Jackson-Fisher, A and Tang, SY and Jiang, S and Le Corre, C and Li, M and Sommerhalder, D},
title = {A phase 1 study of PF-07260437, a B7-H4 × CD3 bispecific T-cell engager, in patients with advanced or metastatic breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancer.},
journal = {Investigational new drugs},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42171881},
issn = {1573-0646},
abstract = {B7-H4 is overexpressed in various cancers, making it a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This phase 1, open-label, first-in-human study in patients with advanced/metastatic breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer evaluates the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and anti-tumour activity of PF-07260437, a novel B7-H4xCD3 bispecific T-cell engager. Enrolled patients received escalating doses of PF-07260437 (with/without priming dose) subcutaneously every two weeks, with a starting dose of 100 µg. Primary objectives included determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD)/recommended dose for expansion (RDE), safety and tolerability. Secondary objectives included PK parameters and immunogenicity. Bayesian logistic regression model (BLRM) was used to guide dose escalation. Thirty patients with advanced/metastatic breast, ovarian and endometrial cancer received the study treatment during dose escalation; all were female (median age, 61.0 [41-75] years). Four patients (13.3%) experienced DLTs (alanine aminotransferase increased, aspartate aminotransferase increased, blood bilirubin increased, cytokine release syndrome). Overall, 29 (96.7%) patients experienced 202 treatment-related TEAEs (no grade 4/5 TEAEs); no TEAE resulted in study discontinuation. No objective response was observed. Disease control rate (DCR) was 33.3% (95% CI: 17.3%, 52.8%). PF-07260437 ≥ 300 μg resulted in exposures in the theoretic efficacious range, with a transient increase in serum cytokines levels following the first dose. The study was terminated by the Sponsor based on the overall assessment of the observed clinical safety, preliminary efficacy, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data. The MTD was not reached. PF-07260437 was tolerable in patients with breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers with manageable TEAEs. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05067972. REGISTRATION DATE: 5 October, 2021.},
}

@article {pmid42173164,
year = {2026},
author = {Schaefer, DA and Longley, RM and Wolfe, ED and Keane, EP and Larizza, IS and Boardman, AC and Rosenberg, J and Mate-Kole, M and Waldman, LP and Majhail, N and Lee, SJ and Khera, N and Amonoo, HL},
title = {Corrigendum to 'Financial Toxicity, Psychological Well-Being, and Quality of Life in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation' [Transplantation and Cellular Therapy 31 (2025) 936.e1-936.e10].},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.04.033},
pmid = {42173164},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid42173253,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Juhaishi, T and Ahn, KW and Chen, T and Patel, KK and Patel, J and Herrera, AF and Turtle, CJ and Rizzo, JD and Khimani, F and Awan, FT and Gibran-Nunes, F and Ahmed, G and Baird, J and Lekakis, LJ and Shadman, M and Shafey, M and Reidell, PA and Merryman, RW and Hamadani, M and Ahmed, S},
title = {Outcomes of Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Patients with Plasmablastic Lymphoma.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.030},
pmid = {42173253},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with biological features that overlap between B-cell lymphoma and plasma cell neoplasm. There is currently no established standard treatment, however intensive combination regimens such as EPOCH are recommended. There is a paucity of data regarding outcomes of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in this disease. Herein, we analyze data of patients with PBL who received autologous (autoHCT) or allogeneic (alloHCT) transplants using the Center for International Marrow and Transplant Research (CIBMTR) Registry. Between 2015-2024, a total of 186 and 31 patients underwent autoHCT and alloHCT respectively and met eligibility for the study. In the autoHCT group, 3-year OS was 75.5% [95% CI: 68.3%-82.1%] and 3-year PFS was 60.6% [95% CI: 52.4%-68.5%], while 3-year NRM was 6.2% [95% CI: 2.9%-10.6%]. Outcomes of patients who received autoHCT after only 1 line of therapy were significantly better with 3-year PFS at 74.7% [95% CI: 61%-85.7%] compared to 54% [95% CI: 39.9%-67.8%] in patients who received more than one line of therapy prior to transplant (p=0.046). In the alloHCT group, 3-year OS was 37.2% [95% CI: 19%-57.5%], 3-year PFS was 33.3% [95% CI: 16.3%-53.3%], and 3-year GRFS was 20.8% [95% CI: 7.9%-37.8%], while 3-year NRM of 23.3% [95% CI: 8%-43.5%], and 3-year relapse risk of 43.3% [95% CI: 26%-61.6%]. Relapse risk appears to plateau at approximately one year, suggesting the potential for curative outcomes in this disease. Overall, both autoHCT and alloHCT have demonstrated the potential to achieve prolonged survival in this aggressive lymphoma; however, early implementation of autoHCT following first-line therapy was associated with the most favorable outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42173832,
year = {2026},
author = {Sinnott-Armstrong, N and Strausz, S and Urpa, L and Abner, E and Johnson, JP and Valliere, J and Palumaa, T and , and , and , and Palta, P and Dashti, HS and Chang, KM and Vujkovic, M and Daly, M and Pritchard, JK and Saxena, R and Jones, SE and Ollila, HM},
title = {Genetic variants affect diurnal glucose levels throughout the day.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-72432-6},
pmid = {42173832},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Circadian rhythms not only coordinate the timing of wake and sleep but also regulate homeostasis within the body, including glucose metabolism. The genetic variants that contribute to the temporal control of glucose levels have not been previously examined. Using genome-wide data from ~420,000 individuals from the UK Biobank and replication in ~100,000 individuals from the Estonian Biobank, ~500,000 from FinnGen, ~160,000 from the VA Million Veteran Program, and ~52,000 from the MGB Biobank, we show that glucose levels are under diurnal genetic control. We discover a robust temporal association of glucose levels at the Melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B, rs10830963, P = 1×10[-22]) and a canonical circadian pacemaker gene Cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) loci (rs12419690, P = 1×10[-16]). Furthermore, we show that sleep modulates glucose levels, and the genetic variants have an independent role in diurnal glucose control. Finally, we show that these variants independently modulate risk of type 2 diabetes and that sleep medications including melatonin associate with type 2 diabetes. Our findings, together with earlier genetic and epidemiological evidence, show a clear connection between sleep and metabolism and highlight genetic variation at MTNR1B and CRY2 in the control of diurnal glucose levels.},
}

@article {pmid42176311,
year = {2026},
author = {Schwengfelder, J and Peters, N and Wohlfahrt, P and Richter, C},
title = {Dual-energy CT for proton therapy: Impact of advanced slice-wise patient-thickness estimation methods for improved stopping-power prediction.},
journal = {Journal of applied clinical medical physics},
volume = {27},
number = {5},
pages = {e70630},
doi = {10.1002/acm2.70630},
pmid = {42176311},
issn = {1526-9914},
mesh = {Humans ; *Proton Therapy/methods ; *Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; *Phantoms, Imaging ; Radiotherapy Dosage ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods ; *Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Algorithms ; *Neoplasms/radiotherapy/diagnostic imaging ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The direct prediction of stopping-power ratio (SPR) from dual-energy CT (DECT) has become gold-standard in proton therapy. Remaining uncertainties due to patient-size-specific CT number variations are mitigated by calibration factors based on patient size defined as water-equivalent thickness.

PURPOSE: To improve SPR prediction, two slice-wise thickness estimation methods (TEM-B1 and -B2) were compared with the previously used one (TEM-A).

METHODS: TEM-A is using the maximum attenuation projections in x- and y-direction, while TEM-B1 and -B2 incorporate all voxels of the object to better describe non-elliptical geometries. Simplified geometries were used to investigate TEM dependencies on several parameters (e.g., object shape, rotation). TEMs were then applied to DECT scans of cylindrical acrylic phantoms with varying diameters and to patient data. Clinical treatment plans were recalculated on generated TEM-specific SPR datasets, and the impact of different estimated thicknesses on SPR was assessed.

RESULTS: In contrast to TEM-A, TEM-B1 and -B2 demonstrated robustness to object shape and rotation. Couch attenuation affected all evaluated TEMs with TEM-A being most affected. For patient scans, TEM-B1 and B2 agreed closely but differed from TEM-A, especially in high diameters. In obese patients, this leads to relative proton range deviations up to 0.3% when comparing TEM-B1 and TEM-A. In the sensitivity analysis, TEM-B1 and -B2 maintained SPR uncertainties below ±3% even for cortical bone.

CONCLUSIONS: TEM-B1 and -B2 reduced deviations in thickness estimation and increased robustness to object shape, overcoming the limitations of TEM-A and improving SPR prediction accuracy.},
}

Humans
*Proton Therapy/methods
*Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted/methods
*Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods
*Phantoms, Imaging
Radiotherapy Dosage
Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated/methods
*Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
Algorithms
*Neoplasms/radiotherapy/diagnostic imaging

@article {pmid42176867,
year = {2026},
author = {Thonglert, K and Greer, MD and Schaub, SK and Bowen, SR and Nyflot, MJ and Grassberger, C and Menghini, AM and Kim, EY and Wong, T and Apisarnthanarax, S},
title = {Proton beam therapy for large localized hepatocellular carcinomas in western patients.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.05.013},
pmid = {42176867},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: Optimal management of large, unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains uncertain. Proton beam therapy (PBT) offers dosimetric advantages for sparing normal liver. Clinical outcomes for these patients in Western populations are limited. This study evaluated clinical outcomes, toxicity, and patterns of failure among Western patients with large localized HCC treated with PBT.

MATERIALS/METHODS: A retrospective single-institution cohort of patients with HCC tumor ≥ 5 cm, ineligible for surgery or other liver-directed therapies, and treated with PBT was analyzed. Patients with uncontrolled extrahepatic metastases, concurrent systemic therapy, or mixed histology were excluded. All patients received 45.0-67.5 Gy(RBE) in 15 fractions. Competing risk and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess local failure (LF), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and radiation-induced liver disease (RILD). Univariate Cox regression evaluated predictors of OS, LF, and non-classic radiation-induced liver disease (ncRILD).

RESULTS: Fifty-one patients met criteria and had the following high-risk features: Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage C (45%), Child-Pugh (CP)-B/C cirrhosis (26%), vascular invasion (39%), and a median tumor size of 9.2 cm. Median follow-up for survivors was 51 months. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative incidences of LF were 4%, 13% and 13%, respectively. Most failures were out-of-field intrahepatic (50%) or distant (21%); only 4% developed isolated LF. One-, 2- and 3-year OS rates were 65%, 46%, and 30%, respectively. Tumor size independently predicted OS (HR 1.18; p<0.01). ncRILD occurred in 15% and was 6% in CP-A and 43% in CP-B+ patients.

CONCLUSIONS: Dose-escalated PBT achieves excellent local control with acceptable toxicity for large HCC in Western patients, including tumors > 10 cm. Patients with preserved liver function derive the greatest benefit, whereas those with CP-B cirrhosis have higher hepatotoxicity risks. Out-of-field intrahepatic and distant progression remain dominant failure patterns, highlighting opportunities to integrate systemic therapy with definitive PBT.},
}

@article {pmid42176868,
year = {2026},
author = {Petit, C and Phan, J and Ng, SP and Filion, E and Lee, N and Poon, I and Palma, DA and Yom, SS and Lee, J and Heron, DE and Siddiqui, F and Liem, X and Yamazaki, H and Foote, RL and Lo, SS and Caudell, J and Biau, J and Karam, I and Nguyen-Tan, PF and Bahig, H},
title = {Defining the Role of SABR in Head and Neck Cancer: Results from a Multi-institutional Delphi Consensus.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.05.019},
pmid = {42176868},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The role of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) in head and neck cancer remains uncertain. Historically used mainly for re-irradiation, its application in other clinical scenarios has expanded with recent advances.

OBJECTIVE: To develop international expert consensus on indications, technical parameters and clinical application of head and neck SABR using a modified Delphi process.

METHODS: A three-round modified Delphi process was conducted between 07/2021 and 01/2023. Radiation oncologists with experience in head and neck SABR were invited to participate. Round 1 consisted of open-ended questions; Rounds 2 and 3 involved rating agreement with 103 statements addressing indications, contraindications, planning, dose and fractionation, toxicity mitigation, systemic therapy integration and follow-up. Consensus was defined as ≥75 percent agreement and major agreement as 65-74 percent.

RESULTS: Seventeen of 26 invited experts (65.4%) completed all rounds, with representation from North America, Europe and Asia-Oceania. Of the 103 statements, 56 (54.3%) reached consensus and 12 (11.7%) achieved major agreement. Consensus supported SABR for re-irradiation of small isolated recurrences, unresectable tumors or second primaries in previously irradiated fields and oligometastatic lesions in untreated patients. Use in local palliation and in patients unfit for standard fractionation within a clinical trial also met consensus. No consensus was reached for postoperative SABR, including its use for positive margins or extranodal extension, nor for SABR boost in first-course treatment. Technically, consensus favored VMAT, tight PTV margins of 2-3 mm, multimodality imaging (thin-slice CT, MRI and PET/CT) and daily volumetric imaging with physician verification. CTV expansion was discouraged, and elective nodal irradiation was not recommended. Every-other-day fractionation and dose reduction near critical structures were endorsed. Consensus emphasized counselling on key toxicities and supported imaging at 2-3 months post-SABR. No consensus was reached on systemic therapy integration.

CONCLUSION: This multi-institutional Delphi study provides expert-derived recommendations reflecting the current state of head and neck SABR practice and identifies priorities for future research.},
}

@article {pmid42168198,
year = {2026},
author = {Barnao, KM and Hubbard, AK and Chan, ICC and Zhou, W and Jakubek, YA and Genovese, G and Wong, WSW and Kelly, RL and Young, CD and Brown, DW and Huang, WY and Freedman, ND and Jones, K and Hutchinson, A and Hicks, B and Tran, D and Arnett, D and Barnes, KC and Bis, JC and Boerwinkle, E and Brody, JA and Carson, AP and Chasman, DI and Cho, MH and Desai, P and Doyle, MF and Fornage, M and Guo, X and Heard-Costa, N and Irvin, MR and Johnson, AD and Kardia, SLR and Kooperberg, C and Levy, D and Lewis, JP and Li, Y and Loos, RJF and Mack, TM and Mathias, RA and Mitchell, BD and North, KE and Pankratz, N and Peyser, PA and Preuss, MH and Psaty, BM and Raffield, LM and Redline, S and Rich, SS and Rotter, JI and Silverman, EK and Smith, AV and Smith, JA and Stilp, A and Cao, Y and Scheet, P and Reiner, AP and Bick, AG and Chanock, SJ and Auer, PL and Bolton, KL and Machiela, MJ},
title = {Co-occurring clonal hematopoiesis exhibits strong selection and high leukemia risk.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-73302-x},
pmid = {42168198},
issn = {2041-1723},
abstract = {Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) are two types of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) associated with hematological parameters and malignancy risk. Here we show, in genomic data from 546,090 biobank participants, that co-occurring CH (≥2 CH mutations detected) is present in 1.6% of cancer-free individuals and shows strong evidence for selection (up to 804x enrichment). Co-occurrence is more frequent in those with a prior cancer (3.6%), suggesting treatment-induced selection. Acquisition of CHIP usually precedes mCAs with co-occurrences manifesting stronger phenotypic disruptions in telomere attrition and hematologic parameters than component CH events. Individuals with co-occurring CH have pronounced elevations in risk of myeloid and lymphoid malignancies (HRs>40), particularly when CHIP and mCAs overlap genomically. Our findings indicate CH co-occurrences are selected for in the aging population and identify CH clones with notable implications for future malignancy risk.},
}

@article {pmid42169668,
year = {2026},
author = {Lewis, FM and Griffith, KA and Ganschow, P and Gadi, VK and Tercyak, KP and Oxford, M and Fukui, J and Derry-Vick, H and Manst, D and Zahlis, EH and Shands, ME},
title = {Promoting Adjustment Among Families Impacted by Non-Curable, Advanced Stage Parental Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Enhancing Connections Palliative Care Program.},
journal = {Journal of palliative medicine},
volume = {29},
number = {4},
pages = {443-452},
doi = {10.1177/10966218251408290},
pmid = {42169668},
issn = {1557-7740},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Male ; *Palliative Care ; *Neoplasms/psychology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; *Parents/psychology/education ; Child ; *Parenting/psychology ; United States ; Adolescent ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Annually hundreds of thousands of children are impacted by a parent with cancer, and an estimated 25% have advanced stage disease. Programs to assist these families lag far behind the need.

OBJECTIVES: To test the short-term efficacy of a telephone-delivered cancer parenting program for child-rearing parents with non-curable, advanced-stage cancer, the Enhancing Connections Palliative Care (EC-PC) Program.

DESIGN: Two-group randomized controlled trial with assessment at three months. Experimental group parents received five educational counseling sessions by telephone at two-week intervals; participants in the alternative treatment control group were mailed a booklet about ways to communicate and support children's coping with parental cancer.

SETTING: The program was delivered centrally from the study center.

SUBJECTS: Fifty-six child-rearing parents with non-curable advanced cancer were enrolled from medical providers, service agencies, and cancer centers in the United States.

MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were parents' and children's depressed mood and anxiety, parenting skills, parenting self-efficacy, and children's behavioral-emotional adjustment.

RESULTS: Between-group analysis using Mixed Models showed a significant effect that benefitted the experimental group: parenting skills significantly improved compared with controls. Results were clinically significant in both the intent to treat (d = 0.54, p = 0.34) and per-protocol analysis (d = 0.64, p = 0.018). Effect sizes were larger in the experimental group compared with controls. Within-group analysis reflected additional improvements in parents' self-efficacy, depressed mood, and children's behavioral-emotional adjustment.

CONCLUSIONS: EC-PC is a telephone-delivered intervention that significantly improved parenting skills and offers a scalable approach to support families coping with advanced cancer. Larger trials are warranted.},
}

Humans
Female
Male
*Palliative Care
*Neoplasms/psychology
*Adaptation, Psychological
Adult
Middle Aged
*Parents/psychology/education
Child
*Parenting/psychology
United States
Adolescent

@article {pmid42169882,
year = {2026},
author = {King, G and Sahai, V},
title = {Clearing the bar: adding anti-VEGF therapy to chemoimmunotherapy for biliary tract cancer.},
journal = {Journal of gastrointestinal oncology},
volume = {17},
number = {2},
pages = {116},
pmid = {42169882},
issn = {2078-6891},
}

@article {pmid42094409,
year = {2026},
author = {Montague, Z and Grover, RM and Baumgartner, A and Trofimov, A and Hadlock, J and Nourmohammad, A},
title = {T-cell repertoire response in individuals with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42094409},
issn = {2692-8205},
support = {R03 AI175977/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R35 GM142795/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {T-cells are central to SARS-CoV-2 clearance and immunological memory, yet their contribution to the persistence of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) remains poorly understood. The immunological features that distinguish individuals who develop PASC from those who recover fully are unresolved, in part due to the phenotypic heterogeneity of the condition and the likely multiplicity of its underlying mechanisms. Here, we profiled longitudinal bulk TCRβ repertoires from 120 individuals in the INCOV cohort-71 with PASC and 49 without-sampled at two to three time points spanning the acute and post-acute phases of infection. Using robust statistical modeling of repertoire composition and clonal dynamics, we found that global statistics such as V, J gene usage and CDR3 length do not differ between groups, but that locally enriched sequence motifs and differentially dynamic clones reveal distinct T-cell signatures associated with PASC status. Clones contracting following the peak of the acute response were significantly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 specificity in both groups. Interestingly, Influenza A-specific TCRs were disproportionately enriched among contracting clones in PASC[+] repertoires, implicating viral co-infection as a potential contributor to early disease severity and, possibly, PASC pathogenesis. Rare public TCR clones were markedly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 specificity, with PASC[+] individuals harboring a modestly but significantly higher proportion than PASC[-] individuals. Together, we identified over 1,000 candidate TCRβ receptors potentially discriminating PASC[+] from PASC[-] immune responses, opening a path toward the identification of disease-relevant T-cell specificities and the development of T-cell-based immunological biomarkers for long COVID.},
}

@article {pmid42166356,
year = {2026},
author = {Creamer, JP and Ray, S and Stewart, S and Gulsuner, S and Saliba, AN and Wu, J and Huang, FY and Leppä, AM and Wang, B and Abbas, HA and Abkowitz, JL and Appelbaum, JS and Kaufmann, SH and Becker, PS and Trumpp, A and Jobanputra, V and Fang, M and Swisher, EM and Doulatov, S},
title = {Chromosome 5q deletion drives evolution of aneuploidy in myeloid neoplasms with complex karyotype.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025031996},
pmid = {42166356},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {Clonal acquisition of multiple chromosomal abnormalities in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is a hallmark of high-risk acute myeloid leukemias with complex karyotype (AML-CK). AML-CK is associated with TP53 mutations and chromosome 5q deletions (del5q); however, the drivers and clonal trajectories of aneuploid evolution in HSPCs remain unknown. We have developed a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model in which preleukemic HSPCs clonally evolve to distinct, highly aneuploid states following transient mitotic inhibition. By tracking chromosome evolution at single cell resolution, we show that TP53-mutant HSPCs with del5q, but not TP53- mutation alone, evolved complex chromosomal changes. Clonal evolution was marked by stepwise acquisition of numerical and structural chromosome changes seen in AML-CK patients, with individual abnormalities conferring fitness advantage. iPSC-derived aneuploid HSPCs and primary AML-CK patient samples exhibited a conserved gene expression signature marked by upregulation of PTEN, cohesins, and anti-apoptotic factor BCL2, indicative of a shared aneuploid cell state in HSPCs. Clinical BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax eradicated BCL2-dependent aneuploid clones, with resistant clones undergoing a lineage switch to upregulate alternative BCL2 factors. In summary, we demonstrate that mutant TP53 and del5q drive chromosome evolution marked by stepwise acquisition of individual abnormalities. Moreover, aneuploid HSPCs exhibit a shared gene expression state which confers unique targetable therapeutic vulnerabilities in AML-CK.},
}

@article {pmid42166746,
year = {2026},
author = {Major, A and Ma, E and Masaquel, A and Tsang, M and Di, M and Kaur, S and Pophali, P and Werner, S and Bungay, R and Latrémouille-Viau, D and Guerin, A and Reyes, C and Wu, M and Cassoli, L and Torka, P},
title = {Patient-reported time toxicity with bispecific antibody therapies in relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag202},
pmid = {42166746},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Several bispecific antibodies (BsAbs), including mosunetuzumab, glofitamab, and epcoritamab, are approved for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, real-world patient-centered data evaluating treatment-related time burden and preferences are lacking.

METHODS: We conducted an online survey of 120 patients with relapsed/refractory follicular lymphoma (FL; N = 60) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; N = 60) receiving BsAbs. Participants reported all-cause healthcare visits and time spent on cancer-related healthcare resource utilization over the past 30 days, including travel, treatment administration, recovery, and impact on daily activities. Participants also evaluated two hypothetical treatment profiles to assess preference for fixed-duration versus treat-to-progression therapy.

RESULTS: Participants with FL reported a mean of 2.5 healthcare visits in the past 30 days, with significantly fewer visits for mosunetuzumab versus epcoritamab (1.7 vs 3.3, respectively; P < 0.01). In DLBCL, the mean was 2.6 visits, with fewer visits for glofitamab versus epcoritamab (2.2 vs 3.0; P = 0.01). Although epcoritamab visits were shorter in FL, more frequent visits and longer recovery time resulted in significantly lower monthly time burden with mosunetuzumab versus epcoritamab (31.2 vs 61.9 hours; P < 0.05). Similarly, monthly time burden was also lower with glofitamab than epcoritamab in DLBCL (43.0 vs 87.7 hours; P < 0.05). Most participants reported little to moderate impact on daily activities. Across treatment groups, ≥92% preferred a hypothetical fixed-duration regimen over a treat-to-progression therapy.

CONCLUSION: Our real-world data, including novel aspects of time toxicity, demonstrate clinically meaningful differences in time burden associated with BsAbs and emphasize the importance of incorporating patient convenience and preference into shared decision-making in NHL.},
}

@article {pmid42167833,
year = {2026},
author = {Blosser, CD and Barbir, EB and Shaikhouni, S and Murakami, N},
title = {Malignancy and Kidney Transplant: Core Curriculum 2026.},
journal = {American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation},
volume = {87},
number = {6},
pages = {852-866},
doi = {10.1053/j.ajkd.2026.01.011},
pmid = {42167833},
issn = {1523-6838},
mesh = {Humans ; *Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects ; *Neoplasms/therapy/diagnosis/etiology/epidemiology ; Curriculum ; *Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery ; Male ; *Postoperative Complications/therapy/diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Female ; },
abstract = {Kidney transplant recipients are at least twice as likely to develop cancer compared with immunocompetent people. Cancer is now the second leading cause of death in kidney transplant recipients. Candidates and recipients are living longer with chronic conditions and immunosuppression, which increases the risk of cancers, especially skin and kidney cancers, lymphoma, and plasma cell dyscrasias. Given the complexities associated with the care of transplant patients with cancer, along with the advent of novel cancer therapies that include targeted and immunotherapies (ie, immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR-T cells), there is a growing need for nephrologists to understand and manage the associated risks and optimize diagnosis and treatment. The screening and management of cancer in the setting of kidney transplantation is best accomplished by a multidisciplinary team, involving knowledgeable nephrologists, oncologists, and patients. In this Core Curriculum, we review common pretransplant and posttransplant cancers and management strategies through a series of clinical cases.},
}

Humans
*Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects
*Neoplasms/therapy/diagnosis/etiology/epidemiology
Curriculum
*Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery
Male
*Postoperative Complications/therapy/diagnosis
Middle Aged
Female

@article {pmid42078334,
year = {2026},
author = {Alexander, MW and Wood, B and Oh, HS and Bot, VA and Borger, J and Galbiati, F and Walker, KA and Resnick, SM and Ochs-Balcom, HM and Wyss-Coray, T and Kooperberg, C and Reiner, AP and Jacobs, EG and Rabin, JS and Casaletto, KB and Saloner, R},
title = {Plasma proteomics link menopause timing to brain aging and dementia risk.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42078334},
abstract = {Earlier menopause is a risk factor for several age-related diseases, including dementia. The biological pathways linking menopause timing to later-life brain aging are not understood. Leveraging large-scale plasma proteomics in postmenopausal women from the UK Biobank (N=15,012), earlier menopause was associated with upregulation of pro-inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation pathways, plus accelerated aging across proteomic clocks of organ and cellular aging, including brain and oligodendrocyte aging. Elevated GDF15, a canonical aging marker, was the top protein correlate of earlier menopause. We observed robust replication of menopause timing proteomic shifts in the Women's Health Initiative Long Life Study (N=1,210). In UKB, proteins associated with earlier menopause, including GDF15, exhibited concordant associations with incident dementia risk and brain atrophy, cerebral small vessel disease burden, and white matter microstructural integrity. Collectively, our findings identify proteomic signatures linking ovarian aging to brain aging, providing a framework to inform interventions to reduce dementia risk.},
}

@article {pmid42159492,
year = {2026},
author = {Portuguese, AJ and Inocencio, TJ and Quon, P and Harnett, J and Zhou, ZY and Hazra, NC and Xu, MK and Eales, J and Chen, H and Little, M and Ma, Q},
title = {Comparative economic analysis of B-cell maturation antigen-targeted bispecific antibodies in triple-class exposed relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: linvoseltamab versus teclistamab and elranatamab.},
journal = {Current medical research and opinion},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-13},
doi = {10.1080/03007995.2026.2665022},
pmid = {42159492},
issn = {1473-4877},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the total cost of care, average monthly treatment cost, and cost per outcome of linvoseltamab versus teclistamab and elranatamab in triple-class-exposed relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) using matching-adjusted indirect comparisons (MAICs).

METHODS: Total cost per patient and cost per outcome were estimated over 1- and 2-year time horizons from a United States commercial payer perspective. Cost components included drug acquisition, administration, monitoring, adverse events, progression, and death. Dosing schedules were applied per prescribing information, aligning with pivotal trial-based MAIC-adjusted clinical inputs. Costs were sourced from databases and published literature.

RESULTS: The 1- and 2-year cumulative costs were $387,773 and $488,088 with linvoseltamab versus $500,670 and $639,013 with teclistamab; costs per progression-free (PF) month were $40,904 and $29,036 versus $63,057 and $50,877; costs per overall response were $538,573 and $677,901 versus $794,714 and $1,014,307. The 1- and 2-year cumulative costs were $383,368 and $472,907 with linvoseltamab versus $416,359 and $475,918 with elranatamab, for adjusted median treatment durations of 11.3 versus 5.6 months; 1- and 2-year costs per PF month were $43,417 and $29,912 versus $50,529 and $33,304, while costs per overall response were $539,955 and $666,066 versus $682,556 and $780,193.

CONCLUSION: Linvoseltamab had lower total costs and cost per outcome than teclistamab at 1- and 2-year timepoints. Linvoseltamab had comparable total costs to elranatamab despite longer treatment duration, and consistently lower costs per outcome. Within this exploratory MAIC model, linvoseltamab was associated with lower economic burden in heavily pretreated RRMM. These results should be interpreted considering study assumptions and limitations.},
}

@article {pmid42160714,
year = {2026},
author = {Banerjee, R and Cheung, MC and Derman, B and Messersmith, H and Al Hadidi, S and Bhella, S and Chmielewski, C and Ebraheem, MS and Kennedy, CT and Kumar, S and Langerak, A and Lipe, B and Mian, H and Riva, E and Seth, R and Subramanian, L and Usmani, SZ and Wildes, TM and Zanwar, S and Zhuo, Y and Hicks, LK},
title = {Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: ASCO Living Guideline, Version 2026.1.1.},
journal = {Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {101200JCO2601139},
doi = {10.1200/JCO-26-01139},
pmid = {42160714},
issn = {1527-7755},
abstract = {Living guidelines are developed for selected topic areas with rapidly evolving evidence that drives frequent change in recommended clinical practice. Living guidelines are updated on a regular schedule by a standing expert panel that systematically reviews the health literature on a continuous basis, as described in the ASCO Guidelines Methodology Manual. ASCO Living Guidelines follow the ASCO Conflict of Interest Policy Implementation for Clinical Practice Guidelines. Living Guidelines and updates are not intended to substitute for independent professional judgment of the treating clinician and do not account for individual variation among patients. See appendix for disclaimers and other important information (Appendix I and Appendix II). Updates are published regularly and can be found on the ASCO Publications website.},
}

@article {pmid42160761,
year = {2026},
author = {Aljawai, YM and Nawas, MT and McCurdy, SR and Kanakry, CG and Kanakry, JA and Rimando, JC and Saultz, JN and Al-Juhaishi, T and Lazaryan, A and Milano, F and Mehta, RS},
title = {Absolute Risk Trade-offs of Donor Age, Sex, and Graft Source in PTCy-Based Transplantation.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020359},
pmid = {42160761},
issn = {2473-9537},
}

@article {pmid42160762,
year = {2026},
author = {Iovino, L and Shadman, M and Milano, F and Gopal, AK},
title = {"Immunologic Dream Team": BiTEs peri-allotransplant to redirect donor lymphocytes towards GVL.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2026020530},
pmid = {42160762},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) provide high rates of responses in patients with relapsed and refractory B cell lymphomas and multiple myeloma otherwise resistant to other therapies, but unfortunately the duration of response to these treatments is limited in time. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is a potentially curative approach for those disorders, although its indication is limited to patients who achieve remission. While no established strategies to improve the "graft versus tumor effect" are available, relapses still account for the majority of the post-transplant failures. Herein, we report the first case in literature of a successful treatment with glofitamab, a CD20X2/CD3 BiTE, in a post-transplant relapse of mantle cell lymphoma with central nervous disease involvement. We propose the combination of BiTEs and allogeneic transplant as an integrated and sequential immunological approach to be tested in clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid42161461,
year = {2026},
author = {Radich, J},
title = {Portrait of a Pioneer: Fred Appelbaum.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {32},
number = {5},
pages = {509-512},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.04.015},
pmid = {42161461},
issn = {2666-6367},
}

@article {pmid42161522,
year = {2026},
author = {Yamazaki, T and Kumagai, Y and Maeda, K and Aizawa, T and Maekawa, K and Enomoto, A and Ishihara, S and Haga, H},
title = {CCL5 enhances invasion of squamous cell carcinoma via syndecan-1-dependent ERK signaling.},
journal = {Cell structure and function},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1247/csf.26030},
pmid = {42161522},
issn = {1347-3700},
abstract = {Cancer cells form clusters and invade the surrounding stroma. This phenomenon is associated with metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with cancer. Therefore, prevention of invasion may improve cancer therapy. A previous study suggested that the C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5) is more highly expressed in the highly invasive subclone than in the less invasive subclone derived from A431 cell line, a model of human skin squamous cell carcinoma. However, the role of CCL5 and the mechanisms through which it regulates invasion in A431 cell clusters remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying CCL5-induced invasion in A431 cell clusters. Knockdown of CCL5 suppressed invasion on A431 cell clusters, whereas treatment with recombinant CCL5 promoted invasion of them. Mechanistically, CCL5 increased the phosphorylation levels of Src and ERK, leading to the invasion of A431 cell clusters. Furthermore, the knockdown of syndecan-1 (SDC1), a transmembrane protein known to interact to CCL5, suppressed CCL5-induced invasion in A431 cell clusters. Consistently, knockdown of SDC1 reduced the level of phosphorylated ERK. These findings demonstrate that the CCL5 promotes the invasion of A431 cells clusters through SDC1-dependent ERK signaling and Src phosphorylation.Key words: Invasion, CCL5, syndecan-1, ERK signaling, Src.},
}

@article {pmid42165780,
year = {2026},
author = {Flores, MN and Zhao, Y and Li, L and Spacht, WA and Kooperberg, C and Manson, JE and Eaton, CB and Reiner, AP and Honigberg, MC and Lau, ES},
title = {Protein Biomarkers of Infertility Implicate Inflammation and Cell Growth/Remodeling Pathways.},
journal = {JACC. Advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {102788},
doi = {10.1016/j.jacadv.2026.102788},
pmid = {42165780},
issn = {2772-963X},
}

@article {pmid42166213,
year = {2026},
author = {Heffner, JL and Baker, K and Fan, X and Kelly, MM and Orzechowski, M and Ruiz, RA and Nfn, S and Serfozo, E and Stimatze, T and Karekla, M},
title = {Avatar-led Digital Health Intervention for Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adult Smoking Cessation: Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.},
journal = {Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ntr/ntag113},
pmid = {42166213},
issn = {1469-994X},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Accessible, culturally-tailored interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and the challenges to cessation experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults. This study evaluated, in a randomized, controlled pilot trial, the acceptability, preliminary cessation-related outcomes, and impact on theory-based change processes of the SGM-tailored, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based Empowered, Queer, Quitting, and Living (EQQUAL) digital program relative to the National Cancer Institute's Smokefree.gov program.

METHODS: Participants were SGM young adults, aged 18-30, who smoked at least weekly. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either EQQUAL or Smokefree.gov, both of which included a web app and text messaging. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months post-randomization, and smoking abstinence was biochemically-verified.

RESULTS: The sample included 124 participants (n=63 in EQQUAL, n=61 in Smokefree.gov). On the primary acceptability outcomes, overall satisfaction was descriptively higher in the EQQUAL arm (68.8% vs. 60.0%; OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.50-2.78), and EQQUAL usability ratings exceeded the acceptable benchmark score of 68. The average number of EQQUAL digital sessions completed was 1.4 (of 6). On the primary cessation outcomes, biochemically-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence was higher in EQQUAL than Smokefree.gov (11.1% vs. 4.9%; OR=1.89, 95% CI=0.45-9.66). Change in readiness to quit and cigarettes per day were similar between arms, as were outcomes of theory-based change processes.

CONCLUSIONS: EQQUAL demonstrated potential benefits over Smokefree.gov on acceptability and cessation, albeit with a lack of robust effect on theory-based change processes. Increased engagement with the web-based portion of the program may be needed to improve outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42151133,
year = {2026},
author = {Hanna, S and Salveson, PJ and Wicky, B and Kennedy, MA and Hicks, DR and Moller, C and Cheng, S and Li, X and Abedi, M and Coventry, B and Said, MY and Bera, AK and Kang, A and Stoddard, BL and Baker, D},
title = {De novo design of a macrocycle-induced dimerization system for cellular control.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-71345-8},
pmid = {42151133},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {INV-043758/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; INV-043758/GATES/Gates Foundation/United States ; },
abstract = {Investigating and manipulating cellular events requires precise control of protein function. To enable control over cellular processes, we set out to design a chemically induced dimerization (CID) system consisting of a de novo-designed ligand and protein pair. Here, we describe the design of a C2 symmetric membrane-permeable macrocyclic peptide and a cognate protein homodimer which binds the macrocycle through a large interface with both chains. The designed homodimer binds the macrocycle with a KD of 36 nM, and the x-ray crystal structure of the protein homodimer-macrocycle complex is very close to the computational design model, with the C2 axis of the macrocycle aligned with the homodimer C2 axis. Transcriptional and split luciferase assays in mammalian cells demonstrate conditional control over both a reporter gene expression and luciferase reconstitution.},
}

@article {pmid42152147,
year = {2026},
author = {He, Z and Konigshofer, Y and Garlick, R and Ramprakash, J and Ramesh, M and Hall, E and Corner, A and Clarissa, M and Wright, JH and Cannon, VK and Yu, M and Grady, WM and Yeung, CCS and Heimer, Z and Wang, Z and Zou, S and Jia, S and Liu, F and Bonora, G and Bomsztyk, K and Mar, D and Cole, KD and He, HJ},
title = {Development, characterization, and inter-laboratory validation of methylated human cell free DNA candidate reference materials.},
journal = {Clinical epigenetics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s13148-026-02156-3},
pmid = {42152147},
issn = {1868-7083},
support = {ACN20006/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R50CA233042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; R50CA233042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; ACN20006/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; ACN20006/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Aberrant DNA methylation biomarkers have demonstrated potential for early cancer detection, multicancer detection, and determining the tissue of origin. Due to their stability, frequency, and accessibility in bodily fluids, circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation is a promising biomarker in liquid biopsy. A reliable and quantifiable analysis of cfDNA methylation status is critical to its application. However, there are current challenges and a lack of consensus on measurement methods. To address this, we developed two candidate methylated cfDNA reference materials (RMs).

METHODS: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) RM consists of five components, formulated by mixing in vitro methylated cfDNA simulant at fractions of 0%, 5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% with native-state cfDNA simulant derived from the GM24385 cell line. The LGC Clinical Diagnostics (LGC) RM consists of two components: non-methylated cfDNA simulant derived from GM24385 genomic DNA and whole genome amplification and methylated cfDNA produced by in vitro methylation of amplified material. The candidate RMs were characterized, and the methylation status of three targets was confirmed by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays. To test the utility of these RMs, six laboratories participated in an interlaboratory study, each using their own lab-developed assays and methods, which included methylation-specific qPCR, nanoplate digital PCR (dPCR), ddPCR, matrix methylated DNA immunoprecipitation-based assays, and whole-genome bisulfite sequencing.

RESULTS: The interlaboratory study results showed that the designed percentage of methylation was well correlated with the observed values across all participating labs, and good reproducibility was found for each individual method. However, slightly different methylation proportions associated with assay-specific biases were observed.

CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates the value of candidate RMs as standards for evaluating assay performance, as well as for increasing confidence in reporting cfDNA methylation status for clinical applications.},
}

@article {pmid42155643,
year = {2026},
author = {DeFilipp, Z and Alousi, A and Levine, JE and Holtan, SG and Abedin, S and Gooptu, M and Harris, AC and Magenau, JM and Pusic, I and Schroeder, MA and Chen, YB and MacMillan, ML and Malki, MMA and Hamadani, M and Carpenter, PA and Hamilton, BK},
title = {Clinical Management of Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease: An Evidence-Based Review from the ASTCT Committee on Practice Guidelines.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.04.053},
pmid = {42155643},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a well-established complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Although the incidence of severe acute GVHD is decreasing with advances in prophylactic approaches, many clinical questions remain. Herein, acute GVHD diagnosis, grading, and treatment are reviewed and critically evaluated. Specific criteria were used for searching the published literature, grading the quality and strength of evidence, and grading the strength of recommendations. A panel of experts developed consensus recommendations for the clinical management of acute GVHD, providing guidance on behalf of the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Key recommendations include: 1) The MAGIC grading scheme is supported as the consensus grading scheme for acute GVHD; 2) Clinical tools and non-invasive blood-based biomarkers can aid in risk stratification of patients with newly diagnosed acute GVHD; 3) Corticosteroids remain the recommended first-line systemic therapy for acute GVHD, despite innovative approaches to improve front-line treatment; 4) Ruxolitinib is supported as the second-line therapy standard, while acknowledging remestemcel-L-rknd is a recognized alternative standard for pediatric patients. Finally, no consensus treatment exists for third-line therapy. Ongoing and future studies will seek to improve upon the current treatment paradigm through risk-adapted strategies. Innovative investigative approaches will be needed to address the unmet needs in acute GVHD.},
}

@article {pmid42155724,
year = {2026},
author = {Dai, J and Qi, Q and Nianogo, R and Wong, ND and Moin, T and McClain, AC and Alver, SK and Cordero, C and Mossavar-Rahmani, Y and Daviglus, ML and Sotres-Alvarez, D and Chen, L},
title = {Meal Timing in Relation to Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults with Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort Study.},
journal = {Clinical nutrition ESPEN},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {103345},
doi = {10.1016/j.clnesp.2026.103345},
pmid = {42155724},
issn = {2405-4577},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The favorable meal timing for glycemic control in individuals with diabetes remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the prospective association of meal timing with hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) in individuals with diabetes. The secondary aim was to evaluate associations of meal timing with other cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including triglycerides, low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, HDL-C), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP).

METHODS: This cohort study included participants with diabetes at baseline (2008-2011) and attending visit 2 examination (2014-2017). Baseline dietary intakes were assessed using two 24-hour dietary recalls. Linear regression was performed to estimate prospective associations of energy intake (EI) and glycemic load (GL) at each meal timing with HbA1c and other CVD risk factors at visit 2.

RESULTS: This study included 1,740 participants (mean age: 52.8 years; 59.2% female). Meal timings were associated with HbA1c and CVD risk factors, but in different directions and varied by sex and antidiabetic medication use. For HbA1c, there were generally inverse associations with morning meals, particular early-morning meal (6:00-8:59 AM) in males [EI: percent change, -2.86 (95% CI, -5.48 to -0.17)] and late-morning meal (9:00-11:59 AM) in individuals without antidiabetic medication use [EI: -2.83 (-5.49 to -0.09); GL: -3.31 (-6.46 to -0.05)]. For triglyceride, inverse associations were found for early-morning meals, whereas positive associations were found for afternoon meals (12:00-5:59 PM) in females and individuals without antidiabetic medication use. For LDL-C, positive associations were found for evening meals (6:00-11:59 PM) in individuals without antidiabetic medication use. There were overall positive associations of afternoon meal with SBP and DBP.

CONCLUSION: A greater proportion of daily energy intake or glycemic load consumed during morning meals was associated with lower HbA1c levels and more favorable cardiovascular risk factor profiles in individuals with diabetes. Medication use and sex should be considered when discussing potential meal-timing recommendations.},
}

@article {pmid42157490,
year = {2026},
author = {Ockerman, F and Chen, BD and Sun, Q and Kharitonova, EV and Chen, C and Zhou, LY and Loos, RJF and Kooperberg, C and Peters, U and Haessler, J and Reiner, AP and Jung, SY and Manson, JE and Nassir, R and North, KE and Buyske, S and Haiman, CA and Conti, DV and Wilkens, LR and Lange, EM and Cox, NJ and Cao, H and Raffield, LM and Li, Y and Tao, R},
title = {An Efficient Lasso Framework for Admixture-Aware Polygenic Scores.},
journal = {HGG advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {100628},
doi = {10.1016/j.xhgg.2026.100628},
pmid = {42157490},
issn = {2666-2477},
abstract = {Polygenic scores (PGSs) have promising clinical applications for risk stratification, disease screening, and personalized medicine. However, most PGSs are trained on predominantly European ancestry cohorts and have limited portability to external populations. While cross-population PGSs have demonstrated greater generalizability than single-ancestry PGSs, they fail to properly account for individuals with recent admixture between continental ancestry groups. GAUDI, a recently proposed PGS method, overcomes this gap by leveraging local ancestry to estimate ancestry-specific effects, penalizing but allowing ancestry-differential effects. However, the modified fused LASSO approach used by GAUDI is computationally expensive and does not readily accommodate more than two-way admixture. To address these limitations, we introduce HAUDI, an efficient LASSO framework for admixed PGS construction. HAUDI reparametrizes the GAUDI model as a standard LASSO problem, allowing for extension to multi-way admixture settings and far superior computational speed than GAUDI. In extensive simulations, HAUDI compares favorably to GAUDI while dramatically reducing computation time. In real data applications, HAUDI uniformly outperforms GAUDI across 18 clinical phenotypes, including total triglycerides (TG), C-reactive protein (CRP), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and shows substantial benefits over ancestry-agnostic PGSs for white blood cell count (WBC) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is also substantially faster and more accurate than the recently proposed SDPR_admix method.},
}

@article {pmid42157919,
year = {2026},
author = {Yousefiasl, M and Abadifard, E and Khanmohammadi, S and Hashemi, M and Habibzadeh, A and Meymanatabadi, Z and Esmailsorkh, F and Momtazi, H},
title = {Association of Body Roundness Index, Lipid Accumulation Product, and Triglyceride-Glucose Index With Psoriasis: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {e72542},
pmid = {42157919},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Lipid dysregulation plays a crucial role in psoriasis pathogenesis and its cardiometabolic comorbidities. Novel anthropometric indices such as Body Roundness Index (BRI), Lipid Accumulation Product (LAP), and Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index have been proposed to better reflect underlying metabolic dysfunction and may be associated with psoriasis risk, severity, and related complications. This systematic review evaluates the current evidence on the associations of BRI, LAP, and the TyG index with psoriasis and related clinical outcomes.

METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted from inception up to September 2025. Observational studies examining the relationship between BRI, LAP, or TyG index and psoriasis or its clinical outcomes were included. Data synthesis comprised qualitative and descriptive statistical analyses.

RESULTS: Fifteen studies comprising 65,130 participants from diverse countries met the inclusion criteria. Higher LAP was consistently associated with increased psoriasis risk but showed weak or no correlation with disease severity (PASI). All BRI studies, primarily using US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, demonstrated a positive association between BRI and psoriasis risk, with modest predictive ability (AUC 0.56-0.58). TyG index was linked to adverse metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes, fatty liver disease, and all-cause mortality in psoriasis patients, although correlations with PASI were generally non-significant.

CONCLUSIONS: BRI, LAP, and TyG index are consistently associated with psoriasis risk and related metabolic and cardiovascular complications, highlighting their potential utility for early risk stratification and holistic management of psoriasis patients. Further prospective studies are warranted to clarify their predictive value for disease severity and long-term outcomes.},
}

@article {pmid42158038,
year = {2026},
author = {Kung, E and Deo, R and Choudhary, MC and Chew, KW and Evering, TH and Ignacio, RB and Jagannathan, P and Flynn, JP and Regan, J and Moser, C and Giganti, MJ and Hughes, MD and Ritz, J and Javan, AC and Greninger, AL and Singh, U and Fischer, W and Daar, ES and Wohl, DA and Eron, JJ and Currier, JS and Coombs, RW and Smith, DM and Li, JZ and , },
title = {Impact of Sex on Viral Shedding and Symptom Severity During Acute COVID-19.},
journal = {Pathogens & immunity},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {142-153},
pmid = {42158038},
issn = {2469-2964},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To evaluate the impact of sex on acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, 668 participants from the ACTIV-2/A5401 study were followed over a 28-day period.

METHODS: A primary analysis was performed on 469 participants with quantifiable viral loads at baseline.

RESULTS: Male and female participants had comparable nasal SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels at study entry and throughout follow-up. However, sex-specific differences in viral shedding emerged when stratified by symptom duration. In the first 3 days after symptom onset, female participants exhibited higher nasal SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels than males, but lower viral RNA levels thereafter. The higher viral RNA levels in females during the earliest phase of acute COVID-19 were observed even after adjusting for age, race, and region of enrollment. Female participants also tended to have higher symptom scores across days since symptom onset, but no significant correlation was observed between nasal SARS-CoV-2 RNA levels and symptom score regardless of sex.

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the impact of sex on both viral shedding and symptom dynamics and underscore the importance of considering time since symptom onset when evaluating antiviral therapies for respiratory viruses in clinical trials.},
}

@article {pmid42149699,
year = {2026},
author = {Zahed, H and Feng, X and Alcala, K and Smith-Byrne, K and Moez, E and Guida, F and Albanes, D and Weinstein, SJ and Arslan, AA and Cai, Q and Shu, XO and Zheng, W and Chen, C and Triplette, M and Tinker, LF and Langhammer, A and Nøst, TH and Hveem, K and Milne, RL and Bassett, JK and Sheikh, M and Malekzadeh, R and Wang, Y and Patel, AV and Visvanathan, K and Yuan, JM and Wang, R and Koh, WP and Sesso, HD and Zhang, X and Johansson, MB and Amos, C and Hung, RJ and Muller, D and Robbins, HA and Johansson, M},
title = {Biomarker-Based Eligibility for Lung Cancer Screening: Validation of the Protein-Based INTEGRAL-Risk Model.},
journal = {JAMA},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jama.2026.8044},
pmid = {42149699},
issn = {1538-3598},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Screening by low-dose computed tomography can reduce lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals, but many lung cancers occur among individuals with a smoking history who are not eligible for screening.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate the protein-based Integrative Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk and Etiology (INTEGRAL)-Risk model in individuals with a smoking history from the general population.

Cohorts in the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium recruited research participants in the US, Europe, Asia, and Australia between 1985 and 2009, who were followed up for lung cancer and other health outcomes until 2021. Fourteen case cohorts of 3695 participants with a smoking history within the Lung Cancer Cohort Consortium, including 2305 randomly sampled participants and 1390 patients diagnosed with lung cancer within 3 years after blood sample collection, were designed. Plasma or serum samples from each participant were assayed using the INTEGRAL protein panel in 2022. The INTEGRAL-Risk model was trained using 7 predefined case cohorts (training set; n = 1951) to estimate absolute risk of being diagnosed with lung cancer based on age, smoking history, and 13 proteins. The validity of the INTEGRAL-Risk model was assessed in 7 independent case cohorts (testing set; n = 1744) at 1, 2, and 3 years after blood collection.

EXPOSURE: Absolute risk estimates from the protein-based INTEGRAL-Risk model.

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the validity of the INTEGRAL-Risk model in the testing set with respect to discrimination (area under the curve [AUC]) and calibration (ratio of expected-to-observed cases [E/O]).

RESULTS: A total of 3695 participants were included, with 1951 participants (including 807 with lung cancer) in the training set and 1744 participants (including 583 with lung cancer) in the testing set. In the combined 14 training and testing sets, after application of statistical weights, 323 570 participants were represented (185 016 [57%] female; median [IQR] age, 60 [51-67] years). In the independent testing set, discrimination of the INTEGRAL-Risk model was highest at 1 year of follow-up and exceeded that of the questionnaire-based PLCOm2012 (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial) model (INTEGRAL-Risk AUC of 0.88 [95% CI, 0.85-0.91] vs PLCOm2012 AUC of 0.79 [95% CI, 0.75-0.83]; P value for difference <.001). Using a risk threshold to achieve the same specificity as US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2021 criteria, the INTEGRAL-Risk model captured 85% of lung cancer cases compared with 63% by USPSTF 2021 and 70% by PLCOm2012. Discrimination of the INTEGRAL-Risk model decreased with longer prediction horizons, with a 2-year AUC of 0.84 (95% CI, 0.81-0.86) and 3-year AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.79-0.83). The model was well calibrated (E/O over 3 years, 0.87 [95% CI, 0.69-1.14]).

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Compared with questionnaire-based approaches, the protein-based INTEGRAL-Risk model improved short-term prediction of lung cancer in people with a smoking history. This model has potential to improve selection of high-risk individuals who are most likely to benefit from lung cancer screening.},
}

@article {pmid42150149,
year = {2026},
author = {Gogebakan, KC and Lange, J and Gulati, R and Dubard-Gault, ME and Drescher, CW and Malone, KE and Etzioni, R},
title = {Impact of Multicancer Screening on Late-Stage Cancer at Diagnosis in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Modeling Study.},
journal = {JCO precision oncology},
volume = {10},
number = {5},
pages = {e2600305},
doi = {10.1200/PO-26-00305},
pmid = {42150149},
issn = {2473-4284},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; Middle Aged ; *Cancer Survivors ; *Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Aged ; *Early Detection of Cancer/methods ; Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE: Breast cancer survivors are at elevated risk of multiple new primary cancers compared with the general population. The impact of multicancer screening on late-stage cancer diagnosis is under clinical investigation in average-risk individuals, but it is unclear whether findings will generalize to breast cancer survivors.

METHODS: We adapted an existing multicancer natural history model for the average-risk US population to reflect increased risks of second primary cancers and all-cause mortality among female breast cancer survivors. We modeled 16 cancer types other than breast cancer and specified a range of natural history parameters and screening test sensitivities to reflect uncertainty in disease onset, progression, and detectability of target cancers. We evaluated annual multicancer screening over a lifetime horizon in simulated hormone receptor-positive (HR-positive) and hormone receptor-negative (HR-negative) cohorts of survivors age 50-74 years and in age-matched women without prior cancer (average-risk women). Outcomes included absolute and relative reductions in late-stage diagnoses compared with no multicancer screening.

RESULTS: Across a range of natural histories and test sensitivities, multicancer screening was projected to reduce 35-99 late-stage diagnoses per 100,000 person-years (PY; 9%-25% reduction) among HR-positive survivors and 39-111 per 100,000 PY (9%-26% reduction) among HR-negative survivors, compared with 30-84 per 100,000 PY (7%-20% reduction) among average-risk women. Lung cancer contributed most to the reduction in late-stage diagnoses (34%-38%), followed by colorectal cancer (14%-16%) in all populations. Ovarian cancer accounted for greater reduction in HR-negative than HR-positive survivors (10%-11% v 6%).

CONCLUSION: Model-based projections suggest that multicancer screening may reduce late-stage diagnoses among breast cancer survivors more than among average-risk women. This suggests a potential role in long-term surveillance for second primary cancers in this high-risk population.},
}

Humans
Female
Middle Aged
*Cancer Survivors
*Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
Aged
*Early Detection of Cancer/methods
Neoplasms, Second Primary/diagnosis
Neoplasm Staging

@article {pmid42150685,
year = {2026},
author = {Wechkin, HA and Loggers, ET},
title = {Voluntarily Stopping Eating and Drinking (VSED) with Hospice Support in America: A Case Series.},
journal = {Journal of pain and symptom management},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2026.05.006},
pmid = {42150685},
issn = {1873-6513},
abstract = {CONTEXT: Despite increasing public awareness of voluntary stopping of eating and drinking (VSED), there are no descriptions of the clinical course of US patients who pursue VSED, with or without hospice support.

OBJECTIVES: We report on the socio-demographics and clinical experiences of US patients pursuing VSED with hospice support.

METHODS: We employed retrospective chart review methodology to review a consecutive case series of 20 patients who requested and received hospice support for VSED.

RESULTS: Average age was 80 years (standard deviation [SD] 14, range 50-95), 55% female, 85% white, 60% divorced or widowed, 100% spoke English as their primary language, 75% were living in a private residence, and 55% had a daughter as their informal caregiver. 100% of patients who started VSED with hospice support died, an average of 9.6 days (SD 4.1, median 9.0, range 4-23). Eleven (55%) had documentation of thirst, 3 (15%) had documentation of hunger, 19 (95%) had documentation of taking pain medication at least once and 17 (85%) had documentation of anxiety, agitation and/or delirium at least once, for which they received lorazepam (88%), haloperidol (47%) and/or quetiapine (29%). No patients required hospitalization or sedation.

CONCLUSIONS: While this study has significant limitations, VSED was completed by all who initiated the process and death generally occurred within 10 days. Therefore, those initiating VSED should be considered eligible for hospice care, with care initiated quickly. Symptoms during VSED were typical of hospice patients and can be managed using common hospice techniques and medications.},
}

@article {pmid42079111,
year = {2026},
author = {Miao, Z and Qu, Y and Huang, S and Laux, L and Peters, S and Aristel, A and Zhang, Z and Niedernhofer, L and McMahon, A and Kim, J and Zhang, NR},
title = {Dissecting the coordinated progression of cell states in spatial transcriptomics with CoPro.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42079111},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Spatial transcriptomics enables the study of how cells coordinate their molecular states within tissue, providing insight into both normal function and disease processes. A key challenge is to identify gene expression programs that vary continuously across space and are coordinated between cell types. We present CoPro, a computational framework for detecting the spatially coordinated progression of cellular states. CoPro can operate in both supervised and unsupervised modes to identify gene programs that co-vary within or between cell types, and to disentangle multiple overlapping spatial patterns. CoPro can be applied to single-cell-level spatial transcriptomics datasets, including MERFISH, SeqFISH+, Xenium, and histology-imputed transcriptomic data. We demonstrate the utility of CoPro with data collected from colon, brain, liver, and kidney tissues. In the colon, CoPro separates epithelial differentiation along the crypt axis from spatially localized inflammatory signals. In the aging liver, it identifies multiple aging-associated cellular programs superimposed on anatomical zonation. In the brain, the flexible kernel design enables the decoupling of the gene expression gradient along the dorsal-ventral and medial-lateral axes. In the kidney, CoPro identifies tubule-vasculature coordination that is essential in nephron function. These results demonstrate CoPro's utility for analyzing spatial coordination of gene expression in complex tissues and disentangling overlapping biological processes, such as anatomical organization and disease-associated variation.},
}

@article {pmid42079119,
year = {2026},
author = {Hanna, S and Salveson, PJ and Wicky, B and Kennedy, MA and Hicks, DR and Moller, C and Cheng, S and Li, X and Abedi, M and Coventry, B and Said, MY and Bera, AK and Kang, A and Stoddard, BL and Baker, D},
title = {De novo design of a macrocycle induced dimerization system for cellular control.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42079119},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Investigating and manipulating cellular events requires precise control of protein function. To enable control over cellular processes, we set out to design a chemically induced dimerization (CID) system consisting of a de novo designed ligand and protein pair. Here we describe the design of a C2 symmetric membrane permeable macrocyclic peptide and a cognate protein homodimer which binds the macrocycle through a large interface with both chains. The designed homodimer binds the macrocycle with a K D of 36 nM, and the x-ray crystal structure of the protein homodimer-macrocycle complex is very close to the computational design model, with the C2 axis of the macrocycle aligned with the homodimer C2 axis. Transcriptional and split luciferase assays in mammalian cells demonstrates conditional control over both a reporter gene expression and luciferase reconstitution.},
}

@article {pmid42079185,
year = {2026},
author = {Tanis, S and Lixandrão, M and Ivich, A and Grieshober, L and Lawson-Michod, KA and Collin, LJ and Peres, LC and Salas, LA and Marks, JR and Bitler, BG and Greene, CS and Schildkraut, JM and Doherty, JA and Davidson, NR},
title = {Transcriptomic subtypes in high-grade serous ovarian cancer are driven by tumor cellular composition.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42079185},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is an aggressive malignancy for which bulk transcriptomic subtypes are used to stratify tumors, interpret biology, and guide biomarker development. The four TCGA-derived subtypes, mesenchymal (C1.MES), immunoreactive (C2.IMM), proliferative (C5.PRO), and differentiated (C4.DIF), are consistently observed across cohorts. However, despite their prominence, these subtypes have not translated into therapeutic utility, and their biological basis remains unresolved. Here, we show that HGSC transcriptomic subtypes are largely determined by tumor cellular composition rather than intrinsic malignant transcriptional programs. By integrating controlled single-cell-derived pseudobulk simulations with deconvolution-based analysis of 1,834 primary HGSC tumors across RNA-seq and microarray cohorts, we demonstrate that subtype probabilities align along a composition-driven axis of stromal and immune variation. Cellular composition alone predicted subtype labels with high accuracy (ROC-AUC = 0.81-0.95) and explained a substantial fraction of subtype-associated transcriptomic variation, with the mesenchymal (C1.MES) subtype representing the most robust and reproducible example of composition-driven signal. Although a secondary, composition-independent expression signal is detectable, it does not define the dominant structure of subtype classification. These findings redefine HGSC transcriptomic subtypes as features of the tumor ecosystem rather than discrete malignant states. This reinterpretation has immediate implications for studies that use subtype labels to infer tumor-intrinsic biology and provides a generalizable framework for separating composition-driven and intrinsic signals in bulk tumor data.},
}

@article {pmid42142354,
year = {2026},
author = {Cheng, GS and Bergeron, A},
title = {Reply to Couderc et al.: Non-invasive management of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.},
journal = {American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ajrccm/aamag189},
pmid = {42142354},
issn = {1535-4970},
}

@article {pmid42143731,
year = {2026},
author = {Sood, N and Sullivan, JK and Hampshire, K and Fox, J and Kuczmarski, T and Ndovu, A and Sirias, T and Armand, W and Furie, G and Laney, E and Philipsborn, R and Whelan, H and Wheat, S and Erny, B and Sorensen, C},
title = {The Climate Resources for Health Education Initiative: Accelerating Professional Education in Climate and Health.},
journal = {Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/acamed/wvag152},
pmid = {42143731},
issn = {1938-808X},
abstract = {Multiple international reports, peer-reviewed studies, and medical organizations have documented that climate change-defined as the rapid, long-term shifts in global temperatures and weather patterns driven primarily by human activities, such as the burning of fossil fuels-is already affecting human health and well-being. Recently, many health professional organizations have called upon current and future health professionals to acquire the knowledge, skills, and agency to address this public health threat. The Climate Resources for Health Education (CRHE) project was created by students, trainees, and faculty through the Global Consortium on Climate and Health Education to address this gap. The CRHE program provides organized, comprehensive, evidenced-based, peer-reviewed, and freely accessible climate health learning resources that can be delivered in standalone sessions or integrated into existing curricula. This manuscript details the innovative, grassroots, and trainee-led approach to developing this educational resource, designed to support educators and learners to incorporate climate change and planetary health information into health curricula. To date, there have been over 400 unique individuals consisting of trainees and faculty that have contributed to the CRHE project. A survey of a small subset of CRHE volunteers (34 respondents of 95 invited volunteers) demonstrated that CRHE participation had positive impact on reciprocal mentorship, knowledge gained in climate and health, and experience in curriculum development. In summary, the CRHE program is a comprehensive, free online resource that aims to help close the gap between the documented health impacts of climate change and the extent of its integration into medical education.},
}

@article {pmid42144191,
year = {2026},
author = {Blumenberg, V and Diorio, C and Gauthier, J and Agrusa, JE and Dreyzin, A and Hänel, G and Espinoza-Gutarra, MR and Geer, M and Perales, MA and Ramakrishna, S and Jain, MD and Gill, S and Locke, FL and Shouval, R and Subklewe, M and Komanduri, KV and Chapuis, AG and Paczesny, S and Rejeski, K and Shah, NN},
title = {Expert Panel Review and Practical Guidance on Biomarker Testing With Engineered Immune Effector Cells.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.005},
pmid = {42144191},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment landscape across several hematologic malignancies. However, variability in biomarker assays, timing, and interpretation across clinical centers hampers the comparability of results, limits translational insight, and constrains evidence-based decision-making. As immune effector cells expand into emergent platforms and new indications, standardized biomarker frameworks are increasingly critical for optimizing patient outcomes and prospectively advancing the field.

OBJECTIVES: These expert panel recommendations, developed by the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT) Committee on Cellular Therapy, aim to harmonize biomarker testing practices in CAR T-cell therapy. It provides evidence-based recommendations on the selection, timing, and clinical application of laboratory-based, cytokine, and CAR T-cell monitoring assays to inform toxicity management, guide treatment decisions, and support future research.

STUDY DESIGN: A multidisciplinary expert panel reviewed current literature, clinical practices, and available evidence on biomarker use in CAR T-cell recipients. Through iterative consensus, the group established recommendations for routine laboratory assessments, cytokine profiling, and CAR T-cell pharmacokinetic monitoring. Biomarkers were stratified by clinical utility into "must-have," "can-have," and "nice-to-have" tiers based on clinical relevance, reproducibility, intent, and biological significance.

RESULTS: The panel recommends comprehensive baseline laboratory testing-including metabolic panels, complete blood counts, inflammatory markers, and disease-specific biomarkers-prior to lymphodepletion. Serial measurements of inflammatory markers and targeted cytokines (e.g., IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, CXCL9) are advised during acute toxicity phases. CAR T-cell monitoring by flow cytometry or ddPCR should occur at defined intervals to assess expansion, persistence, and therapeutic response. Both cytokines and CAR-T kinetics carry great promise as potential dynamic predictors of toxicity or non-response. Harmonized timing, fold-change calculations, and standardized reporting are critical for enabling cross-study comparability and advancing biomarker-driven care.

CONCLUSIONS: Standardized biomarker testing is essential to improve patient outcomes, enable precision toxicity management, and accelerate CAR T-cell therapy innovation. These ASTCT consensus recommendations provide a practical framework for clinical implementation and future research, bridging routine practice with next-generation biomarker-driven strategies.},
}

@article {pmid42144948,
year = {2026},
author = {Garza, R and Marchioni, JM and Honeycutt, JD and Hurlburt, NK and Torres, C and Garcia, A and Neog, S and Loranc, E and Yemington, E and Towers, D and Ssewanyana, I and Pancera, M and Lavinder, JJ and Jagannathan, P and Greenhouse, B and Bol, S and Bunnik, EM},
title = {The N-terminal region of malaria vaccine candidate Plasmodium falciparum asparagine-rich merozoite antigen is immunodominant and targeted by polyreactive antibodies.},
journal = {Disease models & mechanisms},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1242/dmm.052979},
pmid = {42144948},
issn = {1754-8411},
abstract = {The development of malaria blood-stage vaccines has been hampered by sequence variation in many Plasmodium falciparum proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion. In the past few years, asparagine-rich merozoite antigen (PfARMA) has emerged as a potential vaccine candidate due to its low amino acid sequence diversity and the association between anti-PfARMA antibody levels and protection to malaria. Here, we used samples from P. falciparum-exposed individuals to study naturally acquired B cell and antibody responses to PfARMA. B cell responses to PfARMA were dominated by IgM+ B cells that recognized the N-terminal intrinsically disordered region 1 (IDR1) of PfARMA. A human monoclonal antibody (hmAb) to IDR1 was non-neutralizing, while a second hmAb binding to the folded domain showed weak neutralizing activity. Both PfARMA-specific plasma IgM and IgG responses predominately targeted IDR1 and their levels increased with P. falciparum exposure. However, in contrast to previous reports, these antibody responses did not correlate with protection in age and exposure-matched children. Interestingly, approximately 30% of unexposed individuals had IgG that also targeted IDR1 and was polyreactive, binding to regions with high asparagine content. Finally, we determined that PfARMA is located in or near micronemes that contain erythrocyte binding antigen 175 (PfEBA-175). These data suggest that while IgG to the folded domain of PfARMA may inhibit parasite growth, antibody responses to PfARMA are primarily directed to IDR1. Consequently, these responses may reflect recent exposure rather than contributing to functional immunity to malaria.},
}

@article {pmid42149601,
year = {2026},
author = {Ross, J and Trejo, MJ and Kaplan, RC and Perreira, KM and Poteat, TC and Gallo, LC and Shook-Sa, BE and Hinerman, AS and Hanna, DB},
title = {Self-Reported HIV Testing and Diagnosis Prevalence Among US Hispanic or Latino Adults.},
journal = {JAMA internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1001/jamainternmed.2026.0623},
pmid = {42149601},
issn = {2168-6114},
}

@article {pmid42138341,
year = {2026},
author = {Moore, PL and Stamatatos, L and Trkola, A},
title = {How Vaccinating People Living With HIV May Guide bNAb‑Based Vaccines.},
journal = {Journal of the International AIDS Society},
volume = {29},
number = {5},
pages = {e70119},
pmid = {42138341},
issn = {1758-2652},
support = {//South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Innovation/ ; },
}

@article {pmid42139062,
year = {2026},
author = {Kim, JH and Long, AN and Xie, Y and Carter, KT and Noehl-Tekorius, SR and Elz, AE and Yu, M},
title = {Protocol optimization to process mouse colon samples for single-nuclei RNA sequencing using FLEX library preparation.},
journal = {STAR protocols},
volume = {7},
number = {2},
pages = {104581},
doi = {10.1016/j.xpro.2026.104581},
pmid = {42139062},
issn = {2666-1667},
abstract = {Single-nuclei RNA sequencing enables the interrogation of tissue microenvironments in clinical samples preserved by snap-freezing, where cell membrane damage precludes single-cell isolation, but nuclei remain intact for high-quality molecular profiling. Here, we present an optimized protocol to process mouse colon samples for single-nuclei RNA sequencing using FLEX library preparation. We describe steps for preparing and dissociating colon tissue, nuclei filtration, and fixation. We then detail procedures for Chromium Fixed RNA Profiling (Gene Expression Flex).},
}

@article {pmid42140607,
year = {2026},
author = {Hernandez-Lopez, V and Hall, E and Stacey, A},
title = {Sporadic retinal capillary hemangioma regresses with belzutifan.},
journal = {Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jcjo.2026.04.025},
pmid = {42140607},
issn = {1715-3360},
}

@article {pmid42078392,
year = {2026},
author = {Vergara, C and Ni, Z and Zhong, J and McKean, D and Connelly, KE and Antwi, SO and Arslan, AA and Bracci, PM and Du, M and Gallinger, S and Genkinger, J and Haiman, CA and Hassan, M and Hung, RJ and Huff, C and Kooperberg, C and Kastrinos, F and LeMarchand, L and Lee, W and Lynch, SM and Moore, SC and Oberg, AL and Park, MA and Permuth, JB and Risch, HA and Scheet, P and Schwartz, A and Shu, XO and Stolzenberg-Solomon, RZ and Wolpin, BM and Zheng, W and Albanes, D and Andreotti, G and Bamlet, WR and Beane-Freeman, L and Berndt, SI and Brennan, P and Buring, JE and Cabrera-Castro, N and Campa, D and Canzian, F and Chanock, SJ and Chen, Y and Chung, CC and Eliassen, AH and Gaziano, JM and Giles, GG and Giovannucci, EL and Goggins, M and Goodman, PJ and Hicks, B and Hutchinson, A and Jones, MR and Katzke, V and Kogevinas, M and Kurtz, RC and Laheru, D and Lee, IM and Malats, N and Milne, R and Mucci, L and Neale, RE and Orlow, I and Patel, AV and Peruchet, L and Peters, U and Porta, M and Rabe, KG and Real, FX and Ricceri, F and Rothman, N and Sesso, HD and Setiawan, VW and Silverman, D and Southey, MC and Stampfer, MJ and Tobias, GS and Um, C and Visvanathan, K and Wactawski-Wende, J and Wentzensen, N and Willett, WC and Yu, H and Kraft, P and Duggal, P and Amundadottir, LT and Klein, AP},
title = {Novel Genetic Risk Loci for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Identified in a Genome-wide Study of African Ancestry Individuals.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42078392},
support = {U01 CA247283/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Pancreatic cancer disproportionately affects Black individuals in the United States, but they have limited representation in genetic studies of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To address this gap, we performed admixture mapping and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) in genetically inferred African ancestry individuals (1,030 cases and 889 controls). Admixture mapping identified three regions with a significantly higher proportion of African ancestry in cases compared to controls (5q33.3, 10p1, 22q12.3). GWAS identified a genome-wide significant association at 5p15.33 (CLPTM1L, rs383009:T>C, T Allele Frequency=0.51, OR:1.45, P value=1.24×10[-8]), a locus previously associated with PDAC. Known loci at 5p15.33, 7q32.3, 8q24.21 and 7q25.1 also replicated (P value <0.01). Multi-ancestral fine-mapping identified two potential causal SNPs (rs3830069 and rs2735940) at 5p15.33. Collectively these findings identified novel PDAC risk loci and expanded our understanding of this deadly cancer in underrepresented populations, emphasizing the multifactorial nature of PDAC risk including inherited genetic and non-genetic factors.

STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To understand how genetic variation contributes to PDAC risk in Black people in North American, we studied individuals of genetically-inferred African ancestry. We identified novel risk loci and differences in the contribution of known loci. This demonstrates that ancestry-informed genetic analyses improve our understanding of PDAC risk and enhances discovery.},
}

@article {pmid42079148,
year = {2026},
author = {Harel, N and Sung, K and Dumm, W and Johnson, MM and Rich, D and Fukuyama, J and Haddox, HK and Matsen, FA},
title = {Entrenchment of germline amino-acid differences in antibody affinity maturation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42079148},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Entrenchment - epistasis that locks in amino acid differences between homologous proteins, so each disfavors substitutions toward the other's state - has been demonstrated along individual protein lineages over deep evolutionary time. Antibodies offer a unique system for studying entrenchment: multiple homologous germline V gene paralogs provide diverse starting points, and the rapid somatic evolution of affinity maturation generates dense phylogenies from which selection on germlineencoded residues can be inferred. Using DASM, a deep learning model that separates selection from mutation in antibody repertoire data, we test for entrenchment across immunoglobulin heavy chain variable (IGHV) genes. We detect entrenchment at two levels of germline divergence, driven by different sources of epistasis. Within V gene families (up to ~20% amino acid divergence), entrenched sites cluster at the borders of the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs, the antigen-binding loops) and show high germline diversity. These sites contact antigen, light chain, and the heavy chain CDR3 loop, all of which are encoded independently of the IGHV germline. This pattern is consistent with epistasis from genetically uncoupled partners. Between V gene families, at deeper levels of divergence (25-40%), entrenchment additionally includes positions in the framework scaffold distant from binding interfaces, suggesting a larger contribution from intra-heavy-chain structural constraints. Observed mutation frequencies in human repertoires corroborate these predictions where data are sufficient. Together, these results demonstrate that the rapid somatic evolution of antibodies can serve as a lens for revealing epistatic constraints acting on germline-encoded residues, including constraints imposed by genetically uncoupled partners assembled during B cell development.},
}

@article {pmid42133238,
year = {2026},
author = {Ghia, P and Brown, JR and Shadman, M and Wendtner, CM},
title = {A Comprehensive Review of the Role of Zanubrutinib for Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.},
journal = {Oncology and therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42133238},
issn = {2366-1089},
abstract = {The approval of ibrutinib over a decade ago introduced Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibition as a foundational, chemotherapy-free treatment approach for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). A continuous single-agent BTK inhibitor (BTKi) or a time-limited B cell lymphoma 2 inhibitor (BCL2i)-based regimen plus an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody or BTKi is now standard of care for CLL/SLL. Although ibrutinib offers durable remission for many patients, its use is limited by side effects associated with inhibition of kinases other than BTK (off-target effects). The second-generation BTKi zanubrutinib was developed to provide sustained BTK inhibition with greater selectivity for BTK in order to improve clinical efficacy and tolerability with minimized off-target effects. The head-to-head ALPINE study of patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL/SLL demonstrated superior efficacy with zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib, with superior overall response rates and prolonged progression-free survival (PFS), while acalabrutinib demonstrated non-inferior PFS outcomes versus ibrutinib in patients with high-risk R/R CLL/SLL. Data also showed improved safety outcomes with zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib with significantly lower rates of atrial fibrillation/flutter, and infection, and a trend toward lower rates of other adverse events associated with ibrutinib, with the exception of neutropenia. This is reflected in treatment guidelines for CLL, where zanubrutinib and the other approved second-generation BTKi, acalabrutinib, are recommended over ibrutinib owing to their superior safety profiles (particularly reduced cardiotoxicity). In this review, we consider the pharmacologic properties of zanubrutinib that differentiate it from ibrutinib and acalabrutinib, and provide a comprehensive overview of the efficacy and safety data that led to zanubrutinib monotherapy becoming a preferred therapy for a significant subgroup of patients with CLL/SLL. We also highlight trials in CLL/SLL and Richter's transformation with zanubrutinib in targeted therapy combinations that offer the potential for time-limited treatment courses.},
}

@article {pmid42134328,
year = {2026},
author = {Batra, J and Rutkowska, M and Zhou, Y and Ye, C and Adavikolanu, R and Young, JM and Anand, D and Verma, S and Parthasarathy, H and Gordon, M and Malpotra, S and Cupic, A and Kehrer, T and Dos Santos, M and Benjamin, R and Moen, JM and Winters, DM and Caval, V and Rojc, A and Mena, I and Aslam, S and Martinez-Romero, C and Viñas, IC and Khalil, Z and Farrugia, K and Villalón-Letelier, F and Banerjee, A and Tussia-Cohen, D and Diallo, A and Maji, S and Muralidharan, M and Foussard, H and Chen, IP and Fuchs, R and San Felipe, CJ and Zuliani-Alvarez, L and Choudhury, P and Obernier, K and Gracias, S and Suryawanshi, RK and Bonaventure, B and Ibáñez, C and Johnson, JR and Juste, J and Pache, L and Stroud, RM and Verba, KA and Fraser, JS and van Bakel, H and Taha, TY and Ott, M and Hagai, T and Jouvenet, N and Demeret, C and Polacco, BJ and Swaney, DL and Echeverria, I and Bouhaddou, M and Eckhardt, M and Malik, HS and Martinez-Sobrido, L and Miorin, L and García-Sastre, A and Krogan, NJ},
title = {Coronavirus protein interaction mapping in bat and human cells reveals network rewiring governing immune evasion and zoonotic potential.},
journal = {Cell host & microbe},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.chom.2026.04.015},
pmid = {42134328},
issn = {1934-6069},
abstract = {Coronaviruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), can cause severe disease in humans, whereas reservoir hosts such as horseshoe bats remain asymptomatic. To investigate how host-specific protein-protein interactions (PPIs) influence infection, we generated comparative PPI maps for SARS-CoV-2 and its bat progenitor RaTG13, using affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS) in human and greater horseshoe bat cells. We identify both conserved and virus- and host-specific interactions that regulate infection dynamics. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 requires a nonsynonymous mutation in the nucleocapsid to replicate in bat cells expressing human ACE2 and TMPRSS2. Strikingly, a single amino acid difference in Orf9b between viruses acts as a molecular switch that reprograms mitochondrial targeting: in human cells, enhanced translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70 (Tom70) binding promotes immune evasion, whereas in bat cells, strengthened interaction with the bat-enriched restriction factor mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 2 (MTARC2) limits infection. These findings establish a general principle by which minimal sequence variation can reshape virus-host interactions and contribute to immune antagonism, host adaptation, and species barriers.},
}

@article {pmid42137282,
year = {2026},
author = {Hill, TF and Helmers, AE and Yu-Hong Cheng, R and Singh, S and Homad, LJ and Narvekar, P and Asher, GD and Camp, ND and Suchland, ER and Ott, AR and Hale, M and Thouvenel, CD and Stoffers, CM and Lachkar, S and McGuire, AT and Rawlings, DJ and James, RG},
title = {Humanized mice enable in vivo evaluation of engineered plasma cell biology and therapeutic function.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Advances},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {201666},
pmid = {42137282},
issn = {3117-387X},
abstract = {Engineered plasma cells (ePCs) offer a durable strategy for in vivo delivery of therapeutic antibodies, but standard immunodeficient mouse models lack human immune factors critical for PC survival and function. We utilized a humanized mouse model in which NOD.Cg-Prkdc [scid] Il2rg [tm1Wjl] /SzJ (NSG) mice were engrafted with human CD34[+] stem cells as recipients for infusions with autologous ePCs. In this setting, ePCs localized to PC niches and stably secreted antibodies for over 3 months. To improve the selection of antibodies for secretion, we developed a B cell receptor surface display screen that identified candidate antibody sequences with high secretion potential. An anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody (clone 297) selected by this method showed robust secretion both in vitro and in vivo, and serum from ePC-engrafted mice potently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Together, these findings establish a physiologically relevant model for testing human ePCs, and offer a generalizable strategy for optimizing antibody selection to support long-term therapeutic delivery.},
}

@article {pmid42137286,
year = {2026},
author = {Hordeaux, J and Keeler, AM and Stone, D},
title = {Advancing AAV technology-From promise to product.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Advances},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {201672},
pmid = {42137286},
issn = {3117-387X},
}

@article {pmid42137296,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, C and Anderson, AK and Kuhlmann, AS and Nelson, V and Germond, A and Wang, H and Georgakopoulou, A and Gil, S and Martinez-Reyes, J and Riker, A and Raman, SS and Kim, J and Ng, P and Palmer, D and Alpert, MD and Skamangas, N and Bailey, C and Ou, T and Fennessey, CM and Farzan, M and Jerome, KR and Keele, BF and Kiem, HP and Lieber, A and Bui, JK},
title = {In vivo HSC gene therapy enables sustained eCD4-Ig expression for SIV prevention.},
journal = {Molecular therapy. Advances},
volume = {34},
number = {1},
pages = {201683},
pmid = {42137296},
issn = {3117-387X},
abstract = {We aim to develop an in vivo hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy approach for the prevention and control of HIV-1 infection. Toward this goal, we engineered helper-dependent adenovirus (HDAd) 6/3+ vectors to directly transduce HSCs in vivo, enabling progeny cells to secrete eCD4-Ig, a decoy protein that broadly neutralizes HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) isolates by mimicking the primary viral receptor CD4 and coreceptors such as CCR5. In rhesus macaques, the HDAd 6/3+ platform achieved long-term expression of an enhanced eCD4-Ig variant ("eCD4-Ig-Emm06") that retained potent neutralization efficacy in vivo. Transduced HSCs differentiated into lymphoid and myeloid lineages and trafficked to systemic tissues, with B cells emerging as a major source of eCD4Ig-Emm06. HDAd-eCD4Ig-Emm06-treated animals had significantly reduced splenic viral reservoirs, and the animal with the highest circulating levels of eCD4Ig-Emm06 exhibited fewer founder viruses, delayed onset to viremia, and lower plasma viral loads, demonstrating promise within this proof-of-concept study. Further improvements in protective efficacy may be achieved through approaches identified in this study, including lineage-specific expression, reduced immunogenicity, and efficient selection. These findings validate HDAd 6/3+ as a promising platform for durable gene-based delivery of biologic therapeutics and guide advancement of HSC gene therapy for HIV and other chronic infections.},
}

@article {pmid42128867,
year = {2026},
author = {Atsuta, Y and Ohbiki, M and Sakaida, E and Asano-Mori, Y and Yamaguchi, M and Takita, J and Lee, SJ},
title = {[Mentorship to support career development among women physicians].},
journal = {[Rinsho ketsueki] The Japanese journal of clinical hematology},
volume = {67},
number = {4},
pages = {349-354},
doi = {10.11406/rinketsu.67.349},
pmid = {42128867},
issn = {0485-1439},
mesh = {*Physicians, Women ; Female ; Humans ; *Mentors ; *Mentoring ; *Career Mobility ; Leadership ; Career Choice ; },
abstract = {Mentorship is a critical mechanism for the growth and career development of young physicians and plays an especially decisive role in addressing the "leaky pipeline" faced by women in medicine. In this article, we first clarify the distinctions between four forms of support-mentor, sponsor, ally, and coach-and review initiatives at the levels of professional societies, institutions, and individuals. We then present concrete examples from Japan: the Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, which combines a registry scientist training program with flexible work arrangements; Chiba University, where a formal mentoring system for medical students and a team-based clinical structure provide embedded, structural mentorship; and a small survey of women physicians in general hospitals, which reveals limited formal mentoring systems and diverse needs regarding mentor characteristics. Drawing on these experiences, we describe key attributes of effective mentors, including accessibility, reliability, and respect for mentees' values and goals, and we highlight three central mentoring roles: supporting academic success, promoting sustainable work-life balance, and fostering leadership development. To create an environment in which women physicians can fully realize their potential, high-quality mentorship must be strengthened across academic societies, healthcare institutions, and individual practitioners.},
}

*Physicians, Women
Female
Humans
*Mentors
*Mentoring
*Career Mobility
Leadership
Career Choice

@article {pmid42129165,
year = {2026},
author = {Lewnard, JA and Paredes, MI and Yechezkel, M and Davis, GS and Hong, V and Skela, J and Pandey, U and Parker, NT and Granskog, LC and Pomichowski, ME and Reyes, IAC and Rodriguez-Barraquer, I and Müller, NF and Tartof, SY},
title = {Extensive cryptic circulation sustains mpox among men who have sex with men.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42129165},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CDC-RFA-FT-23-0069//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/ ; CDC-RFA-FT-23-0069//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)/ ; },
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; *Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data ; *Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology/transmission/virology/diagnosis ; Phylogeny ; *Monkeypox virus/genetics/classification/isolation & purification ; Adult ; Los Angeles/epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Sporadic cases of clade IIb mpox continue to be notified among men who have sex with men, with most lacking identifiable transmission links. To resolve underlying dynamics, we tested prospectively for evidence of monkeypox virus infection in anorectal swabs from a cohort of men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, whom we monitored concurrently for clinical mpox diagnoses during summer, 2024. Here we estimate that infections exceeded reported mpox cases by a 33-fold margin (95% confidence interval: 16-68). Independent estimates derived from phylogenetic reconstruction and a meta-analysis of surveillance studies corroborated this extensive under-reporting. We estimate that undiagnosed infections must cause at least 31-44% of all transmission to explain observed monkeypox virus phylogenies; under realistic modeling assumptions, this proportion rises to 61-97%. Contrary to current guidance, our findings suggest a substantial proportion of monkeypox virus circulation may be associated with subclinical infections, challenging the feasibility of current mpox elimination targets.},
}

Male
Humans
*Homosexuality, Male/statistics & numerical data
*Mpox, Monkeypox/epidemiology/transmission/virology/diagnosis
Phylogeny
*Monkeypox virus/genetics/classification/isolation & purification
Adult
Los Angeles/epidemiology
Middle Aged
Prospective Studies
Young Adult

@article {pmid42129592,
year = {2026},
author = {Useche, M and Gomez-Castillo, L and Cushing-Haugen, K and Ferrandino, R and Futran, N and Marchiano, E and Rodriguez, CP and Harris, HR and Barber, B},
title = {Poor Diet and Oral Cavity Cancer Risk in Smoking and Non-Smoking Men and Women: An Analysis of Three US Cohorts.},
journal = {Head & neck},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1002/hed.70317},
pmid = {42129592},
issn = {1097-0347},
support = {UM1 CA186107/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P01 CA87969/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; UM1 CA176726/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Oral cavity cancer (OCC) incidence is rising among non-smokers and younger individuals without traditional risk factors. While carcinogenic exposures such as tobacco and alcohol are well studied, the association between unhealthy dietary patterns and OCC has been minimally explored. This study evaluated the association between dietary patterns and OCC risk in men and women.

METHODS: This prospective cohort study used data from three large U.S. longitudinal cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (n = 68 715, 1986-2016), Nurses' Health Study II (n = 93 887, 1991-2017), and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (n = 47 923, 1986-2016). Participants included 162 602 women and 47 923 men without cancer at baseline. Dietary intake was assessed every 4 years using validated food frequency questionnaires. Three dietary patterns were evaluated: Western, Prudent, and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI). Cox proportional hazard models estimated hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

RESULTS: Over 30 years of follow-up, 226 incident OCC cases were identified (124 in women and 102 in men). Among women, lower adherence to the Prudent and AHEI dietary patterns had higher OCC risk (HR for lowest vs. highest quartile, HR 1.86, 95% CI 1.03-3.35, and HR 2.17, 95% CI 1.24-3.77, respectively). Among non- or light-smoking and non- or light-drinking women, low adherence to the Prudent diet significantly increased OCC risk (HR for lowest vs. highest quartile 2.94, 95% CI 1.06-8.10). No associations were observed in men. Formal tests for interaction by sex were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Low adherence to Prudent and AHEI dietary patterns was associated with a higher risk of OCC in women but not men that warrants further investigation in larger pooled studies.},
}

@article {pmid42064962,
year = {2026},
author = {Valliere, J and Strausz, S and Tchio, C and Risse-Adams, OS and Sinnott-Armstrong, N and Ollila, HM and Saxena, R},
title = {Meta-analysis of Cannabis Use Identifies Shared Genetic Loci with Sleep and Circadian Rhythms.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42064962},
abstract = {Cannabis use is an increasingly common therapeutic for a variety of chronic diseases. In addition, people with sleep problems may self-medicate using cannabis products. However, genetic architecture of cannabis use and its shared genetic predispositions with sleep traits has not been systematically examined. We performed a meta-analysis of cannabis use within the All of Us and UK Biobank cohorts, consisting of 152,807 cases and 220,272 controls. Our meta-analysis identified 39 independent loci, including the previously reported CADM2 locus associated with cannabis use and replicating previous work. Additionally our associations include neuronal and sleep-regulating genes such as HTR1A, RAI1, SLC39A8, and NCAM1. Moreover, tissue-specific analyses revealed that the genetic architecture of cannabis use is heavily enriched within the central nervous system and specific brain cell types. In addition, we observed significant positive genetic correlations with clinical insomnia, insomnia-related medication usage, and objectively measured nighttime physical activity, alongside negative correlations with morningness chronotype and daytime activity. Fine-mapping and colocalization analyses identified shared genetic signals between cannabis use and clinical insomnia including a near-perfect colocalization at SLC39A8 and CADM2. Together, these results highlight the shared genetic risk between cannabis use and sleep disorders. Additionally, our findings indicate the importance of investigating the genetic effects of cannabis use as its use becomes more widespread, both recreationally and medicinally.},
}

@article {pmid42119783,
year = {2026},
author = {Federico, V and Avenoso, D and Raj, K and De Lavallade, H and Wilson, W and Matera, R and Salvatore, D and Canale, FA and Merla, M and Contento, C and Campagna, G and Renzo, GD and Vaddinelli, D and Natale, A and Seripa, D and Grassi, T and Saraceni, F and Santarone, S and Carella, AM and Russo, D and Milano, F and Martino, M and Renzo, ND},
title = {Fludarabine-Treosulfan (FT10) Conditioning in Older AML Patients Undergoing Haploidentical Transplantation: A Prospective Italian Study with External Comparison to the Haplo-UK Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Cohort.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.006},
pmid = {42119783},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) remains the only curative strategy for high-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but its applicability in elderly and comorbid patients is limited by conditioning-related toxicity. Haploidentical HSCT (haplo-HSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) has expanded access to transplantation, yet the optimal reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen in this setting remains undefined. Treosulfan-based conditioning combined with fludarabine (FT10) has demonstrated a favourable toxicity profile in matched donor transplantation, but prospective data in the haploidentical platform are scarce.

METHODS: We conducted a prospective, multicentre feasibility study across eight transplant centres, enrolling patients with intermediate- or high-risk AML (ELN-2017), aged ≥65 years, with haematopoietic cell transplantation-comorbidity index (HCT-CI) ≥2, lacking an HLA-identical donor and undergoing FT10-based haplo-HSCT between June 2019 and December 2023. Conditioning consisted of treosulfan (30 g/m²) and fludarabine (150 mg/m²), followed by GVHD prophylaxis with PTCy, cyclosporine and mycophenolate mofetil. Primary endpoint was cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality (NRM). Transplant outcomes were descriptively compared with an external reduced-intensity conditioning cohort from the prospective phase II Haplo-UK study.

RESULTS: Thirty-five AML patients were included in the FT10 cohort (median age 69 years); 58% were transplanted in complete remission (CR) with negative MRD, 22% in CR with positive MRD and 20% with active disease. Median neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at days +14 and +22, respectively, with full donor chimerism achieved in 94% of evaluable patients and one case of graft failure (2.8%). Cumulative incidence of NRM was 18% at day +100 and 28% at 1 year, with infections representing the leading cause of non-relapse death. Outcomes were strongly influenced by disease status at transplant: 1-year OS and LFS were 79% and 70% in patients transplanted in CR/MRD-negative, compared with 42% and 38% in those transplanted with active disease. Acute grade II-IV and chronic GVHD occurred in 13% and 40% of patients, respectively. When restricted to patients transplanted in CR, survival and relapse outcomes were broadly comparable to those observed in the Haplo-UK cohort, despite the substantially older age and higher comorbidity burden of FT10 patients.

CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective, real-world multicentre study, FT10-based haploidentical HSCT with PTCy proved feasible and effective in elderly, comorbid AML patients. These findings suggest that FT10 represents a viable conditioning option for a highly vulnerable population traditionally excluded from transplant and support further validation in larger comparative studies.},
}

@article {pmid42120368,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, R and Qi, J and McKasson, M and Choi, J and Gutierrez, V and Brennan, C and Hong, S and Chour, W and Ng, RH and Xie, J and Yuan, D and Webster, A and Sidhu, SK and Anderson, A and Chen, D and Edmark, R and Murray, KM and Li, S and McDonald, C and Rowen, L and Wang, S and Rasheed, Y and Su, Y and Wagner, JR and Chen, JM and Nawaly, K and Fu, J and Duven, A and Forman, SJ and Song, M and Priceman, SJ and Brown, CE and Ribas, A and Wong, DJ and Paulson, KG and Drescher, CW and Puig-Saus, C and Goldman, JD and Trimble, CL and Heath, JR},
title = {Whole-protein screening and multi-modal profiling of antigen-specific CD4[+] T cells at single-cell resolution.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {17},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42120368},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {CA264090-01//U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Single-Cell Analysis/methods ; Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology/virology ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism/genetics ; Female ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Male ; Human papillomavirus 16/immunology ; Repressor Proteins/immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods ; Papillomavirus Infections/immunology/virology ; Longitudinal Studies ; Adult ; },
abstract = {Systematic whole-protein screening and comprehensive profiling of antigen-specific CD4[+] T cells are crucial for advancing vaccine design and cancer immunotherapies, yet remain technically challenging. Here, we present a high-throughput platform that utilizes large-scale class II single-chain trimer libraries to detect antigen-specific CD4[+] T cells, while simultaneously profiling their antigen specificity, TCRα/β sequences, MHC restriction, whole transcriptomes, and patient/timepoint origins at single-cell resolution. Upon rigorous platform validation, we screened the full SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor binding domain in a longitudinal cohort of 22 participants, identifying 2,188 antigen-specific CD4[+] T cells and showing key metrics defining the immunogenicity of class II-restricted viral antigens. We further extended the platform to whole-protein screening of HPV-16 E6/E7 in a cohort of precancerous patients, indicating HPV-specific CD4 TCRs that, upon extensive characterization, demonstrate strong therapeutic potential. By integrating high-throughput antigen screening with high-dimensional, multi-modal cellular characterization, our approach provides detailed insight into CD4[+] T cell immunity, potentially guiding vaccine design and next-generation TCR-based cancer immunotherapies.},
}

Humans
*CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Single-Cell Analysis/methods
Papillomavirus E7 Proteins/immunology
COVID-19/immunology/virology
Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology/metabolism/genetics
Female
Antigens, Viral/immunology
Male
Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
Repressor Proteins/immunology
Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods
Papillomavirus Infections/immunology/virology
Longitudinal Studies
Adult

@article {pmid42127031,
year = {2026},
author = {Petersen, GL and Edlefsen, PT and Li, X and Morrison, R and Kabyemela, E and Nelson, JL and Duffy, PE and Fried, M and Harrington, WE},
title = {Maternal microchimerism at birth associates with reduced odds of non-malarial fever and respiratory tract infections in Tanzanian children.},
journal = {PLOS global public health},
volume = {6},
number = {5},
pages = {e0006439},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pgph.0006439},
pmid = {42127031},
issn = {2767-3375},
abstract = {The presence of maternal cells in the offspring at birth, a phenomenon known as maternal microchimerism, has been previously associated with decreased odds of malaria and respiratory infections in early childhood suggesting a role in immunological responses to infections. Here, we assess the effect of cord blood maternal microchimerism on symptomatic non-malarial infections in Tanzanian children. We conducted a secondary analysis using a nested birth cohort of 52 children from Muheza, Tanzania, with previously measured cord blood maternal microchimerism and longitudinal records on infections in the first four years of life. The associations between maternal microchimerism and symptomatic lower and upper respiratory tract infections, diarrhea, and non-malarial fever were estimated using generalized estimating equation models. In total, 29% of the 52 children in the study screened positive for cord blood maternal microchimerism. Detected versus non-detected maternal microchimerism was associated with 58% lower odds of non-malarial fever (fully adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.42 [95% CI: 0.18-0.98]) and 28% lower odds of respiratory tract infection (OR: 0.72 [95% CI: 0.53-0.96]). Lower and upper respiratory tract infections contributed equally to the observed association with any symptomatic respiratory tract infections (ORs respectively: 0.81 [95% CI: 0.50-1.31] and 0.71 [95% CI: 0.50-1.01]). We did not find any association between maternal microchimerism and odds of diarrhea (OR: 1.63 [95% CI: 0.85-3.13]). Detectable cord blood maternal microchimerism was associated with lower odds of non-malarial fever and symptomatic respiratory infections in Tanzanian infants. These findings emphasize that MMc may play an underrecognized role in protection from infection during early childhood.},
}

@article {pmid42127995,
year = {2026},
author = {Yadav, H and White, B and Soto, F and Zhang, Z and Pennington, K and Adarsh, S and Smilnak, G and Sturek, J and Cheng, GS and Sheshadri, A},
title = {FEV1Q: A Race-Neutral Approach to Risk Assessment in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.},
journal = {Annals of the American Thoracic Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/annalsats/aaoag127},
pmid = {42127995},
issn = {2325-6621},
}

@article {pmid42115165,
year = {2026},
author = {Barnabas, RV and Brown, ER and Bukusi, EA and Njoroge, B and Winer, RL and Galloway, DA and Wakhungu, IN and Biwott, C and Kimanthi, S and Heller, KB and Krows, M and Morrison, S and Rechkina, EA and Cherne, SL and McClelland, RS and Mugo, NR and Onono, MA},
title = {Efficacy and durability of immediate versus delayed single-dose HPV vaccination for persistent infection among young women in Kenya: a randomized, blinded, cross-over clinical trial.},
journal = {Nature communications},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1038/s41467-026-72654-8},
pmid = {42115165},
issn = {2041-1723},
support = {Inv-062781//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)/ ; },
abstract = {Evidence is needed for single-dose human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine efficacy (VE) durability to support vaccination guidelines. In this randomized crossover trial (NCT03675256), healthy young women aged 15-20 years, recruited through community-based screening in Kenya, were randomly allocated to immediate nonavalent or bivalent HPV vaccination and delayed control at month 30/36 (age 17-23 years), or immediate control and delayed nonavalent HPV vaccination. Cervical swabs collected every six months were tested for HPV DNA to determine incident persistent HPV infection. The primary outcome was VE at 54 months, estimated among participants who were HPV naive at enrollment vaccination using Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates for HPV vaccine status and time; negative coefficients for time since vaccination indicate durability. For incident persistent HPV 16/18 infections, 104 were detected: 93 pre-crossover and 11 post-crossover; HPV 16/18 VE was 99.3% (95% CI: 96.2,99.9%). For incident persistent HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58, 117 infections occurred: 103 pre-crossover and 14 post-crossover; HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58 VE was 98.9% (95% CI: 94.9,99.8%). Coefficients for time since vaccination were -0.0014 (95% CI: -0.0027,-0.0002) for HPV 16/18 and -0.0016 (95% CI: -0.0028,-0.0004) for HPV 16/18/31/33/45/52/58. Single-dose HPV vaccination is highly efficacious (> 98%) and durable over 54 months in young women.},
}

@article {pmid42115634,
year = {2026},
author = {Abdou, Y and Rozenblit, M and Trapani, D and Zerdes, I and Boudreau, E and Zhou, Y and Adam, V and Barrios, C and Bousrih, C and Branch, V and Carey, LA and Cameron, D and Chen, S and Chua, BH and Davidson, NE and Domchek, SM and El-Abed, S and El-Ashry, D and Flowers, M and Foldi, J and Garber, J and Goulioti, T and Hodgdon, C and Hung, JL and Klar, N and Norton, L and Parajuli, R and Piccart, M and Pollastro, T and Santa-Maria, CA and Schumacher-Wulf, E and Stecklein, SR and Thulin, A and Tovey, H and Winer, E and Wolff, AC and Lin, NU and O'Reilly, S},
title = {Invest where impact begins: recommendations from Breast Cancer Research Foundation Early Career Investigator Working Group (Part 1 of 2).},
journal = {NPJ breast cancer},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42115634},
issn = {2374-4677},
}

@article {pmid42115681,
year = {2026},
author = {Courville, EL and Grant, M and Mason, E and Chen, X and d'Onofrio, G and Hedley, B and Frater, JL and Ouseph, MM and Zini, G and McFadden, S and Han, JY and Shirai, C and Obstfeld, A and Yaeger, LH and Pozdnyakova, O},
title = {Performance of Automated Hematology Analyzer Criteria in Detecting Peripheral Blood Smear Abnormalities: A Systematic Literature Review.},
journal = {International journal of laboratory hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/ijlh.70139},
pmid = {42115681},
issn = {1751-553X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Criteria for visual examination of stained peripheral blood smear (PBS) differ among institutions in the United States and internationally. In an effort to standardize review criteria, the International Consensus Group for Hematology Review (ICGHR) proposed in 2005 a consensus list of rules for CBC findings that should trigger a review of automated cell counter results and potentially lead to further testing or blood smear review. The primary aim of this paper is to report on the published literature in the past 20 years regarding PBS review criteria and their ability to identify relevant peripheral blood abnormalities.

METHODS: We performed a systematic review of the published literature from 2005 to 2025 to investigate and summarize PBS review criteria and performance in the context of automated hematology analyzers in clinical laboratories.

RESULTS: Of 5351 citations, 68 studies met our search criteria. These studies included 22 countries and all major hematology analyzer manufacturers. Marked variability was observed in study populations, analyzer flagging criteria, details of PBS visual review, definitions of a "positive" smear, and approaches to statistical data analysis. Across studies, the blast flag sensitivity ranged from 18% to 100% while the blast flag specificity ranged from 17% to 100%. Wide ranges in sensitivity/specificity were also seen for atypical and/or abnormal lymphocyte flags across studies. For studies analyzing the same patient population, less striking variation was seen across instruments.

CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review provides a 20-year overview of the literature, highlighting significant variability in PBS review criteria, dependence on study design and hematology analyzer, and the importance of developing harmonized evidence-based guidelines.},
}

@article {pmid42116597,
year = {2026},
author = {Garduno, AC and Viswanath, V and Smarr, B and McEvoy, L and Xiao, Q and Full, K and Gallo, L and Parada, H and Crandall, C and Cauley, J and Tinker, LF and LaCroix, AZ},
title = {Sleep Pattern Clusters, Physical Function and Fall Risk: Geriatric Syndromes among Older Ambulatory Women.},
journal = {The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/gerona/glag115},
pmid = {42116597},
issn = {1758-535X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Poor sleep is a suspected risk factor for lower physical functioning and frequent falling at older ages. We evaluated the relationship of multiple sleep and rest-activity rhythm (RAR) metrics with fall risk and physical functioning.

METHODS: Older women (N = 4,543) wore hip-worn accelerometers, recording their falls daily for 13 months following accelerometry. Uniform manifold approximation projection identified sleep-circadian clusters; K-Means clustering further distinguished healthy and unhealthy sleep patterns. After cross-validation, we examined associations between sleep clusters and fall risk using adjusted, negative binomial models. Linear regression models estimated associations of sleep clusters with Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score and its sub-scores. We evaluated whether SPPB status modified associations of sleep and RAR with fall risk.

RESULTS: Five sleep clusters were identified including C1 ("sleep disturbed", n = 1051), C2 ("healthy", n = 1043), C3 ("mild RAR, active", n = 1446), C4 ("earlier sleepers, n = 105), and C5 ("shorter, mildly disrupted, later sleeper", n = 898). Unhealthy sleep clusters C1 and C4 were associated with a higher fall risk compared to healthy cluster C2 after adjustment (C4, IRR: 1.76 (95%CI : 1.15-2.69)). These same clusters were also associated with lower balance scores (score: 0-4) after adjustment (C1, beta: -0.11 (95% CI:-0.21 to -0.01); C4, beta: -0.30 (95%CI: -0.55 to -0.05)).

CONCLUSIONS: Older women with unhealthier sleep-RAR patterns are more at risk for falling, which may be partially explained by the role of sleep on balance and physical functioning.},
}

@article {pmid42118466,
year = {2026},
author = {Jennings-Shaffer, C and Chen, ZC and Palacios, JA and Matsen, FA},
title = {Generalizing Matrix Representations to Fully Heterochronous Ranked Tree Shapes.},
journal = {Bulletin of mathematical biology},
volume = {88},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {42118466},
issn = {1522-9602},
support = {2143242//National Science Foundation/ ; R35GM148338/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01-AI146028//National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases/ ; S10OD028685//Office of Research Infrastructure Programs, National Institutes of Health/ ; },
mesh = {*Phylogeny ; Mathematical Concepts ; Humans ; *Models, Genetic ; Likelihood Functions ; *Biological Evolution ; },
abstract = {Phylogenetic tree shapes capture fundamental signatures of evolution. We consider "ranked" tree shapes, which are equipped with a total order on the internal nodes compatible with the tree graph. Recent work has established an elegant bijection between ranked tree shapes and a class of integer matrices, called F-matrices, defined by simple inequalities. This formulation is for isochronous ranked tree shapes, where all leaves share the same sampling time, such as in the study of ancient human demography from present-day individuals. However, branch lengths of phylogenetic trees can represent units other than calendar time, such as evolutionary distance. A tree equipped with branch lengths quantifying evolutionary distance, called a rooted phylogram, is output by popular maximum-likelihood methods. These trees are broadly relevant, such as to study the affinity maturation of B cells in the immune system. Discretizing time in a rooted phylogram gives a fully heterochronous ranked tree shape, where leaves are part of the total order. Here we extend the F-matrix framework to such fully heterochronous ranked tree shapes. We establish an explicit bijection between a class of F-matrices and the space of such tree shapes. The matrix representation has the key feature that the value at any entry is highly constrained by four previous entries, enabling straightforward enumeration of all valid tree shapes. We also use this framework to develop probabilistic models on ranked tree shapes. Our work extends understanding of combinatorial objects that have a rich history in the literature.},
}

*Phylogeny
Mathematical Concepts
Humans
*Models, Genetic
Likelihood Functions
*Biological Evolution

@article {pmid42118692,
year = {2026},
author = {Rejeski, K and Banerjee, R and Hill, JA},
title = {How we prevent infections in adults receiving bispecific antibody therapies for advanced B-cell malignancies.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025032298},
pmid = {42118692},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {T-cell engaging bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have transformed the treatment landscape for multiple hematologic malignancies and are under investigation in the frontline setting, within combination regimens, and for non-malignant diseases. However, their increasing use has revealed new patterns of immune suppression and infectious complications that differ from other treatment modalities including chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy. Notably, infections are frequent and represent the principal cause of non-relapse mortality. These risks with repeated BsAb dosing arise from multifactorial mechanisms, including B-cell or plasma-cell aplasia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and early cytopenias. Additional contributors such as T-cell exhaustion, cytokine-directed immune modulation, and disease-related immunodeficiency further compound infection risk. The result is a dynamic and cumulative impairment of host immunity that evolves over the course of therapy. In this "How I Treat" article, we provide a practical, phase-based framework for preventing and managing infections in patients receiving BsAbs for non-Hodgkin lymphoma or multiple myeloma. Our review includes pre-treatment evaluation, the period of active therapy, and long-term follow-up. Using representative cases, we highlight strategies for infectious disease screening, antimicrobial prophylaxis, immunoglobulin supplementation, vaccination, and other supportive care practices. Our aim is to equip clinicians with an evidence-informed and pragmatic framework for mitigating BsAb-related infection risks.},
}

@article {pmid42118698,
year = {2026},
author = {Kastritis, E and Palladini, G and Minnema, MC and Wechalekar, AD and Jaccard, A and Lee, HC and Sanchorawala, V and Mollee, P and Lu, J and Schönland, SO and Gatt, ME and Suzuki, K and Kim, K and Cibeira, MT and Bhutani, M and Beksac, M and Libby, EN and Valent, J and Hungria, V and Rosenzweig, MA and Bumma, N and Huart, A and Dimopoulos, MA and Bhutani, D and Waxman, A and Goodman, S and Zonder, JA and Lam, S and Song, KW and Hansen, T and Manier, S and Roeloffzen, WWH and Jamroziak, K and Kwok, F and Shimazaki, C and Kim, JS and Crusoé, EQ and Tran, N and Wang, J and Chen, Y and Vasey, SY and Schecter, JM and Vermeulen, J and Comenzo, R and Merlini, G},
title = {Daratumumab-Bortezomib-Cyclophosphamide-Dexamethasone in Newly Diagnosed Amyloidosis: ANDROMEDA Final Survival Analysis.},
journal = {Blood},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/blood.2025032099},
pmid = {42118698},
issn = {1528-0020},
abstract = {In the primary analysis of ANDROMEDA, addition of subcutaneous daratumumab to bortezomib/cyclophosphamide/dexamethasone (D-VCd) significantly improved hematologic complete response (CR) rate versus VCd, establishing D-VCd as the only approved therapy for light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. We present results from the preplanned final analysis. In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned 388 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis to six cycles of VCd alone (control group) or with subcutaneous daratumumab (D-VCd) followed by single-agent daratumumab every 4 weeks for up to 24 total cycles. The primary endpoint was hematologic CR. The updated hematologic CR rate was 59.5% for D-VCd versus 19.2% for VCd (odds ratio, 6.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.80-9.58; P<0.0001). Median time to hematologic CR was shorter with D-VCd (67.5 days [range, 8.0-879.0]) versus VCd (85.0 days [range, 14.0-617.0]). With a median follow-up of 61.4 months, significant improvement was observed with D-VCd versus VCd in major organ deterioration-progression-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.31-0.63; P<0.0001) and overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42-0.90; P=0.0121). Cardiac and renal response rates were 2-3 times higher with D-VCd versus VCd. Achieving hematologic or cardiac CR was associated with improved major organ deterioration-progression-free survival and overall survival. Adverse events were consistent with the known safety profiles for VCd and daratumumab. Adding daratumumab to VCd resulted in deeper and more rapid hematologic responses and recovery of organ function, translating to statistically significant improvement in both overall survival and major organ deterioration-progression-free survival in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03201965.},
}

@article {pmid42118855,
year = {2026},
author = {Colgan, JN and Peplinski, JH and Wang, YC and Kirkey, DC and Wallace, L and Feng, Y and Fan, L and Connerty, P and Ries, RE and Lamble, AJ and Huang, BJ and Alonzo, TA and Ma, X and Tarlock, K and Meshinchi, S},
title = {Clinical implications of RAS mutations in AML: Prognostic significance is based upon involved gene and mutation complexity.},
journal = {Blood advances},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1182/bloodadvances.2025018699},
pmid = {42118855},
issn = {2473-9537},
abstract = {Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with complex mutational profiles that lead to variable clinical outcomes. NRAS and KRAS are among the most frequently mutated genes in AML, but their clinical impact has not been well-characterized. In this cohort of over 2000 children and young adults with AML, we evaluated the role of mutations in RAS genes and mutation complexity in outcome determination. Given enrichment in KMT2A-rearranged AML (KMT2A-r), we specifically studied the significance of RAS mutations in KMT2A-r AML. Using variant calls from next generation sequencing (NGS) platforms, we identified RAS mutations in 35.1% (N=669) (NRAS, N=518; KRAS, N=216). We demonstrated that NRAS mutations were not associated with outcome in AML or in KMT2A-r AML. In contrast, KRAS mutations demonstrated inferior outcomes in AML, with enrichment of prevalence and enhancement of prognostic implications in KMT2A-r AML, including non-high risk KMT2A fusions. Additionally, we describe a complex RAS mutation cohort (Comp-RAS) characterized by two distinct RAS mutations or high variant allele frequency (VAF) RAS mutations that collectively account for 13.5% (n=90) of patients with RAS mutations. Patients with complex KRAS mutations, and those with complex RAS mutations in the KMT2A-r cohort, had a distinctly adverse outcome, and data demonstrates that Comp-RAS status drives adverse outcomes for those with KRAS mutations in the whole AML cohort.},
}

@article {pmid41809001,
year = {2026},
author = {Loes, AN and Tarabi, RAL and Li, SH and Atkinson, RK and Huddleston, J and Kikawa, C and Griffiths, T and Drapeau, EM and Wong, SS and Cheng, SMS and Leung, NHL and Cobey, S and Cowling, BJ and Bedford, T and Hensley, SE and Bloom, JD},
title = {Strain-specific differences in the response to egg-derived versus recombinant protein influenza vaccines.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.64898/2026.02.23.707528},
pmid = {41809001},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {The 2023/2024 influenza vaccine included an updated H1N1 component designed to better match a new clade of H1N1 that had multiple mutations in antigenic epitopes of hemagglutinin. Despite this update, the vaccine trended towards being less effective against the vaccine-matched H1N1 clade than the parental H1N1 clade lacking the new antigenic mutations. Here we measure neutralization titers of serum antibodies from individuals who had received either a recombinant protein or an egg-derived vaccine against a set of viruses with hemagglutinins from 58 H1N1 strains representative of the diversity during the 2023/2024 season. We find that egg-derived vaccine recipients, but not recombinant protein vaccine recipients, had a relatively lower boost in neutralizing titers to the new clade that the updated vaccine was designed to target. We suggest that the difference in the extent that the egg-derived versus recombinant protein vaccines boosted neutralizing titers to the new H1N1 clade is because the seed strain for the egg-derived vaccine strain had acquired a reversion of a key antigenic mutation (K142R) present in that clade. Our results show how egg-derived versus recombinant protein vaccines can elicit different relative titer boosts against different subsets of viral strains, a phenomenon that could impact vaccine effectiveness.},
}

@article {pmid42039454,
year = {2026},
author = {Potchen, NB and MacMillan, HR and Domenjo-Vila, E and Konecny, AJ and Taber, AK and DeJong, CS and Daggupati, G and Shree, S and McCartney, SA and Wright, SW and Newell, EW and Dixon, DR and Prlic, M},
title = {Tissue-specific adaptation of human T cells is preserved during tissue inflammation.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42039454},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {T cells play an essential role in protecting tissues against pathogens and regulating tissue homeostasis. Previous studies highlight that T cells display tissue-specific phenotypic and functional properties, suggesting that T cells adapt to their local environment. Whether inflammation disrupts tissue-specific T cell adaptation remains poorly understood. To address this open question, we examined the T cell compartment - including conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells, regulatory T cells, γδ T cells, and MAIT cells - from healthy and inflamed human mucosal tissues. Using high-parameter spectral flow cytometry, we examined phenotype ex vivo and the functional capacity following stimulation, utilizing conventional gating and unsupervised clustering analysis approaches. Overall, we analyzed 65 tissue samples including mild, moderate, and severely inflamed oral gingiva, healthy and inflamed lung, along with healthy and inflamed tissue from the decidual-placental interface. Across these mucosal barrier tissues, we find that tissue location plays a dominant role in shaping the composition, phenotype, and functional capacity of the T cell compartment. Importantly, these tissue-specific adaptations were largely maintained during states of tissue inflammation. This included the ability to exert tissue repair functions, which was preserved across T cell subsets, even in severely inflamed tissues.},
}

@article {pmid42039529,
year = {2026},
author = {Valkiers, S and Mayer-Blackwell, K and Yeh, AC and Van Deuren, V and Fiore-Gartland, A and Hill, GR and Laukens, K and Meysman, P and Bradley, P},
title = {Deciphering antigen-driven T cell responses through vectorized TCRdist sequence neighborhood quantification.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42039529},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {T cells provide precise mechanisms to defend the body against infection and malignancies, mediated through the expression of their hypervariable T cell receptors (TCRs). Interpreting similarity between TCRs, however, remains a significant challenge. While performant clustering methods exist, these often fail to distinguish between antigen-driven convergent selection and patterns arising stochastically from biases in the V(D)J recombination mechanism. Moreover, defining enrichment in sequence similarity among large repertoires is computationally taxing. To address these limitations, we present an efficient computational framework for rapid approximation of TCRdist distances using fixed-length vector embeddings and highly optimized nearest neighbor search, allowing sequence similarity enrichment testing at a multi-repertoire-wide scale. This framework leverages a novel shuffling-based background model that preserves important repertoire characteristics such as V gene frequency, CDR3 sequence length and generation probability more accurately than synthetic models. Together, these tools enable the efficient and robust identification of significantly neighbor enriched (SNE) TCR sequences at scale. We validate this approach by showing a significant enrichment of SNE clones in memory T cell fractions and further demonstrate its utility in identifying convergent T cell signatures of response to vaccination and viral infections, providing a scalable approach for antigen-agnostic T cell response profiling.},
}

@article {pmid42051576,
year = {2026},
author = {Shalhout, SZ and Fragano, A and Chefitz, G and Andrew, TW and Lachance, K and Kulikauskas, R and Nghiem, P and Brownell, I},
title = {Immunotherapy Significantly Improves Merkel Cell Carcinoma-Specific Survival: A Single-Cohort Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42051576},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved outcomes in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Population analyses suggest improved survival following the 2017 approval of ICI, but registry data lack treatment-level information including type of systemic therapy and initiation timepoint to directly estimate the benefit attributable to immunotherapy. This study compared Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival between patients treated with first-line ICI versus cytotoxic chemotherapy.

METHODS: Patients were identified from the Seattle Merkel Cell Carcinoma Registry. Among 1,517 patients with MCC, 463 received first-line systemic therapy with either ICI or chemotherapy. Propensity scores were estimated using logistic regression including AJCC 8th stage, age, sex, MCPyV status, and immunosuppression. One-to-one nearest-neighbor matching produced balanced cohorts of 133 ICI-treated and 133 chemotherapy-treated patients. Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival from therapy initiation was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models with follow-up administratively censored at five years.

RESULTS: Baseline clinical characteristics were comparable between matched cohorts. ICI therapy was associated with significantly improved Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival compared with chemotherapy (log-rank p<0.0001). Five-year Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival was 56.8% (95% CI 46.8-65.6) for ICI versus 23.9% (95% CI 16.9-31.6) for chemotherapy. In multivariable stage-stratified Cox analysis, ICI remained independently associated with improved Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.21-0.50; p<0.0001), while immunosuppression was associated with worse Merkel Cell Carcinoma-specific survival (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.10-3.74; p=0.0228).

CONCLUSIONS: ICI therapy was associated with substantially improved MCC-specific survival compared with chemotherapy.},
}

@article {pmid42078349,
year = {2026},
author = {Moon, JY and Filigrana, P and Gallo, LC and Perreira, KM and Cai, J and Daviglus, M and Fernández-Rhodes, LE and Garcia-Bedoya, O and Qi, Q and Thyagarajan, B and Tarraf, W and Wang, T and Kaplan, R and Isasi, CR},
title = {Non-genetic component of height as a surrogate marker for childhood socioeconomic position and its association with cardiovascular and brain health: results from HCHS/SOL.},
journal = {medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42078349},
abstract = {Childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) can have lifelong effects on health. Many studies have used adult height as a surrogate marker for early-life conditions. In this study, we derived the non-genetic component of height, calculated as the residual from sex-specific standardized height regressed on genetically predicted height, as a surrogate for childhood SEP, using data from the Hispanic Community Healthy Study/Study of Latinos (2008-2011). A positive residual would indicate favorable early-life conditions promoting growth, while a negative residual indicates early-life adversity that may stunt the development. The height residual was associated with early-life variables such as parental education, year of birth, US nativity and age at first migration to the US (50 states/DC), supporting the validity of height residual as a surrogate for early-life conditions. Furthermore, a height residual was positively associated with better cardiovascular health (CVH) and cognitive function among middle-aged and older adults. Interestingly, among <35 years old, the height residual was negatively associated with the "Life's Essential 8" clinical CVH scores. These results suggest the non-genetic component of height as a surrogate for childhood environment, with predictive value for CVH and cognitive function.},
}

@article {pmid42105088,
year = {2026},
author = {Nassereddine, S and Feng, Y and Selep, J and El Chaer, F and Wells, L and Elsarrag, R and Doucette, K and Aggarwal, V and Williams, L and Tabbara, I and Liu, S and Diao, G and Percival, MM and Lai, C},
title = {Impact of diagnosis-to-treatment interval on the outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia.},
journal = {Annals of hematology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1007/s00277-026-07052-7},
pmid = {42105088},
issn = {1432-0584},
abstract = {Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is considered an oncologic emergency, yet the optimal timing for treatment initiation remains uncertain. We conducted a multi-institutional retrospective study of 698 adults with newly diagnosed AML presenting to four academic centers across the United States. Diagnosis-to-treatment intervals (DTI) were categorized as < 5 days, 5-10 days, and > 10 days. Outcomes were analyzed using multivariable models adjusting for age, treatment intensity, ELN 2017 risk classification, and white blood cell count. Among younger patients, DTI was not associated with differences in survival outcomes. In contrast, older patients demonstrated improved survival with delayed treatment (DTI > 10 days), particularly those with lower white blood cell counts. No adverse effects from treatment delay were observed in younger cohorts. This retrospective study showed that prolonged DTI is associated with improved survival in older adults with newly diagnosed AML, challenging the traditional assumption that immediate therapy universally improves outcomes. These findings underscore the importance of individualized treatment timing in the era of precision oncology.},
}

@article {pmid42106837,
year = {2026},
author = {Lotan, Y and Anai, S and Kim, H and Gin, G and Akhavein, A and Miyake, M and Luu, M and Ahdoot, M and Messing, E and Peers, G and Chen, A and Moradzadeh, A and Chin, AI and Liu, M and Tanaka, S and Tikhonekov, S and Pagano, I and Zheng, Y and Zhang, Z and Furuya, H and Rosser, CJ},
title = {Detection of bladder cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria using Oncuria-Detect: results of a prospective, multicenter international study.},
journal = {Journal of translational medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1186/s12967-026-08245-4},
pmid = {42106837},
issn = {1479-5876},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Microscopic hematuria occurs in up to 10% of the general population and initiates costly evaluation to ensure no bladder cancer exists. Oncuria-Detect is a 10-plex immunoassay that detects de novo bladder cancer by generating a protein biomarker signature from a single voided urine sample. This report details the analysis of our prospective study that compares the diagnostic performance of the multiplex Oncuria-Detect assay to that of the single-analyte (i.e., NMP22) BladderChek™ urine assay and urine cytology for identifying bladder/urothelial cancer in patients with microscopic hematuria.

METHODS: From September 2018 through July 2025, 9 medical facilities in the US and Japan prospectively enrolled 321 participants of whom 292 were deemed eligible. The bladder cancer diagnostic reference standard was cystoscopy with biopsy. Pre-cystoscopy, patients provided a urine sample for analysis by Oncuria-Detect and BladderChek™ (analyzed in a blinded manner) as well as urine cytology.

RESULTS: Bladder cancer was diagnosed in 22 patients (7.5%). The Oncuria-Detect assay had the following performance characteristics 82.0% sensitivity and 97.5% negative predictive value (NPV) compared to BladderChek™ (9.3% sensitivity and 95.4% NPV) and cytology (44.8% sensitivity and 97.2% NPV). Oncuria-Detect displayed favorable sensitivity for identifying early- and late-stage cancer. Oncuria-Detect had a favourable performance in detecting high-grade and MIBC (i.e., aggressive cancers); high-grade sensitivity was 93.5% (95%CI: 0.783-1.000) and MIBC sensitivity was 100.0% (95%CI: 1.000-1.000) compared to BladderChek™ high-grade sensitivity of 13.8% (95%CI: 0.000-0.370) and MIBC sensitivity was 0.0% (95%CI: 0.000-0.000) and cytology high-grade sensitivity was 60.1% (95%CI: 0.333-0.852) and MIBC sensitivity was 73.9% (95%CI: 0.000-1.000).

CONCLUSIONS: In this analysis of an international prospective trial, Oncuria-Detect performed favorably in the non-invasive evaluation of bladder cancer presence in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria.

CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03193541.},
}

@article {pmid42107553,
year = {2026},
author = {Gomez, SE and Larson, J and Hlatky, MA and Kooperberg, C and LaMonte, M and Tinker, L and Greenland, P and Albert, C and Froelicher, V and Wheeler, M and Stefanick, ML and Perez, MV},
title = {Women's Health Initiative Strong and Healthy Silent Atrial Fibrillation Recording Study: Rationale, Study Design and Baseline Data.},
journal = {American heart journal},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {107478},
doi = {10.1016/j.ahj.2026.107478},
pmid = {42107553},
issn = {1097-6744},
abstract = {RATIONALE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has roughly tripled in prevalence over the last 50 years. This disease disproportionately affects morbidity and mortality among older women. Increased physical activity has been associated with lower incidence of new AF in some studies, but higher incidence in others, especially among elite athletes.

PRIMARY HYPOTHESIS: We designed a randomized trial within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Strong and Healthy (WHISH) trial to test the hypothesis that a pragmatic intervention consisting of multimodal messaging recommending physical activity levels consistent with national guidelines would decrease the incidence of AF among a cohort of older women.

DESIGN: The present WHISH Silent Atrial Fibrillation Recording (WHISH STAR) trial randomized 29,758 postmenopausal women without baseline AF who were enrolled in Medicare Fee-for-Service to the aforementioned intervention or comparison group, with planned 7-year follow-up to assess the primary outcome of incident clinical AF, namely those identified in Medicare claims. We also designed a sub-study of 1,257 women at high risk for AF (with a CHARGE-AF score ≥ 5%) to undergo serial, 7-day ECG patch monitoring to detect screened AF. We will use Cox proportional hazards models to compare the incidence of clinical AF in the participants assigned to physical activity intervention and the participants assigned to usual care groups. We will also compare the incidence of screened AF in the intervention and comparison groups detected on patch ECG monitors in the sub-study of women who underwent serial ECG patch monitoring. The WHISH STAR trial will rigorously evaluate of the effect of a pragmatic physical activity intervention on the development of AF in a large, diverse, well-characterized cohort of older women.

SITES: The WHISH trial is embedded within the nationwide WHI study, enrolling postmenopausal women from 40 US clinical centers.

ENROLLMENT DATES: Participants were enrolled in 2015 per the parent WHISH trial.

CURRENT STATUS: WHISH STAR is in the analysis phase.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: WHISH STAR has been registered on www.

CLINICALTRIALS: gov (NCT05366803).},
}

@article {pmid42108644,
year = {2026},
author = {Shore, ND and Fizazi, K and Schweizer, MT and Castro, E and Azad, AA and George, DJ and da Trindade, KM and Zeng, H and Shrivastava, N and Tonkovyd, S and Bock, A and Nekkalapudi, S and Tang, Y and Lin, S and Agarwal, N},
title = {Phase III randomized studies of mevrometostat and enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer (MEVPRO-1 and MEVPRO-2): trial protocols.},
journal = {Future oncology (London, England)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-12},
doi = {10.1080/14796694.2026.2667441},
pmid = {42108644},
issn = {1744-8301},
abstract = {Phase I investigation of the enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibitor, mevrometostat, plus enzalutamide showed promising antitumor activity versus enzalutamide alone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) (NCT03460977). MEVPRO-1 (open label) and MEVPRO-2 (double blind) are ongoing, global, phase III, randomized studies evaluating efficacy and safety of mevrometostat plus enzalutamide in patients with mCRPC. MEVPRO-1 will include ~600 patients with ≥12 weeks of prior abiraterone treatment, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) 0-2, testosterone ≤50 ng/dL, and life expectancy ≥6 months. MEVPRO-2 will include ~900 androgen receptor pathway inhibitor-naïve patients, with ECOG PS 0-1, testosterone ≤50 ng/dL, and life expectancy ≥12 months. Patients are randomized 1:1 to mevrometostat (875 mg twice daily with food) plus enzalutamide (160 mg once daily), or physician's choice of enzalutamide or docetaxel (MEVPRO-1) or enzalutamide (MEVPRO-2). Primary endpoint is radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 (soft tissue) and Prostate Cancer Working Group 3 criteria (bone) assessed by blinded independent central review. Overall survival is a secondary objective. Kaplan-Meier analysis will summarize time-to-event endpoints. Safety will be assessed. Results will evaluate whether mevrometostat plus enzalutamide can provide clinical benefit in patients with mCRPC.Clinical trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT06551324 (MEVPRO-1) and NCT06629779 (MEVPRO-2).},
}

@article {pmid42109048,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhuo, K and Banerjee, R},
title = {Withstanding the test of time for patients in oncology clinical trials.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag176},
pmid = {42109048},
issn = {1549-490X},
}

@article {pmid42110835,
year = {2026},
author = {Lim, MA and Murakami, N and Blosser, CD and Shaikhouni, S and Dadhania, DM and Hall, ET and Havlin, K and Basu, A},
title = {Practical Guide to Address Common Myths in the Pre- and Post-kidney Transplant Management of the Elderly Patient with Cancer: An Opinion Paper.},
journal = {Transplantation direct},
volume = {12},
number = {6},
pages = {e1934},
pmid = {42110835},
issn = {2373-8731},
abstract = {Two areas of overlap between kidney transplantation and oncology that remain fraught with uncertainty and bias are (1) transplant candidacy for elderly patients with historic or active cancers or premalignant conditions, and (2) managing cancer in elderly kidney transplant recipients. These have led to inadvertent inequities in the care of elderly kidney transplant candidates with historic or active malignancies. Incorporating a patient's viewpoint and an oncologist's perspective, we present a nuanced, multidisciplinary approach to management that goes beyond mere consideration of chronological age and focuses on the individual patient and his/her goals.},
}

@article {pmid42112409,
year = {2026},
author = {Chen, C and Qian, Z and Zhang, B},
title = {Matching with Multiple Criteria and Its Application to Health Disparities Research.},
journal = {Observational studies},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {43-66},
pmid = {42112409},
issn = {2767-3324},
abstract = {Matching is a popular nonparametric covariate adjustment strategy in empirical health services research. Matching helps construct two groups comparable in many baseline covariates but different in some key aspects under investigation. The Institute of Medicine (IOM) defines a health services disparity as the difference in accessing health services between members of racial or ethnic minorities not justified by the difference in health status or patients' preference. To estimate a disparity measure consistent with the IOM definition, we propose a statistical matching methodology that constructs matched comparison groups from, for instance, white men, that resemble the target group, for instance, black men, in some selected covariates while remaining identical to the white men population before matching in the remaining covariates. Using the proposed method, we investigated the disparity gaps between white men and black men in the US in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening based on the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BFRSS) database. We found a widening PSA screening rate as the white matched comparison group increasingly resembles the black men group. Finally, we provide code that replicates the case study and a tutorial that enables users to design customized matched comparison groups satisfying multiple criteria.},
}

@article {pmid42112456,
year = {2026},
author = {Kelnhofer-Millevolte, LE and Nguyen, DH and Wilson, LS and Avgousti, DC},
title = {A comprehensive method for quantifying human cytomegalovirus plaque assays.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {16},
number = {},
pages = {1818664},
pmid = {42112456},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {*Cytomegalovirus/growth & development/physiology ; Humans ; *Viral Plaque Assay/methods ; Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology ; Staining and Labeling/methods ; Gentian Violet ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods ; Cell Line ; },
abstract = {Human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) is an important human pathogen accounting for significant morbidity in immunocompromised individuals from neonates to cancer patients. To effectively produce progeny and establish a new infection, hCMV produces dozens of proteins and manipulates the expression of thousands of host genes. When studying the effect of these viral or host genes on the production of new infective progeny, the plaque assay is the gold standard method employed. This assay is carried out by incubating serial dilutions of the supernatant to be investigated on a monolayer of permissive cells. The experimental setup includes covering the monolayer with an overlay, thereby allowing the virus to spread only through cell-to-cell contact. Subsequently, the areas of cell death, or plaques, are quantified by fixing and staining with crystal violet. Here we take advantage of the fluorescent nature of crystal violet and image hCMV plaques in a variety of modalities. Following the acquisition of these images, we developed a broadly applicable pipeline to use open access software ImageJ to quantify the number and size of the hCMV plaques. The use of this method can provide a standardized way to objectively count and quantify the infectious progeny produced, allowing researchers to better understand hCMV.},
}

*Cytomegalovirus/growth & development/physiology
Humans
*Viral Plaque Assay/methods
Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
Staining and Labeling/methods
Gentian Violet
Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
Cell Line

@article {pmid42112614,
year = {2026},
author = {Graff, JN and Smith, CEP and Sokolova, AO and Qian, DZ and Beer, TM and Latour, E and Bailey, S and Kreitner, D and Grivas, P and Schweizer, MT and Higano, CS and Alumkal, JJ and Vuky, J and Yu, EY and Cheng, HH},
title = {A Phase I/II Trial of Concurrent Chemo-hormonal Enzalutamide and Cabazitaxel in Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.},
journal = {The oncologist},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/oncolo/oyag180},
pmid = {42112614},
issn = {1549-490X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Despite treatment advances, treatment resistance for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is nearly universal. We studied the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of the combination of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel in patients with mCRPC. For phase 1, we examined the safety of combination therapy and determined the recommended Phase 2 dose. Phase 2 primary endpoint included the percentage of patients achieving a ≥ 90% PSA decline (PSA90) as a measure of response to therapy.

METHODS: A phase 1/2 single-arm, multi-institutional clinical trial enrolled adults with histologically confirmed progressive mCRPC without prior docetaxel or cabazitaxel chemotherapy for mCRPC. Co-administration of enzalutamide 160 mg orally once daily, cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 IV once every 21 days, and prednisone 5 mg orally twice daily in mCRPC. Descriptive statistical analysis was used for all primary and secondary endpoints. Estimated proportions are with 95% confidence interval using exact method.

KEY FINDINGS: The study met its primary endpoint with 61.1% (95% CI: 43.5% to 76.9%) of patients achieving PSA90. Observed toxicities were similar to those seen with either agent alone.

CONCLUSIONS: The combination of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel exhibited robust activity with a tolerable side effects. Chemo-hormonal therapies warrant further study in mCRPC.

WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD: This study of enzalutamide and cabazitaxel combination therapy in patients with advanced, pre-treated mCRPC showed promising efficacy, indicating strong rationale for further investigation.

PATIENT SUMMARY: In this report we looked at outcomes for patients with metastatic prostate cancer treated at multiple institutions with enzalutamide and cabazitaxel at the same time after castration therapy alone had stopped working. We found the combination was safe and had anti-cancer effect, warranting further investigation.},
}

@article {pmid42113488,
year = {2026},
author = {Hladik, F and Hughes, SM and Levy, CN and Creighton, RL and Mackelprang, R and Gornalusse, GG},
title = {Tenofovir, Interferon Pathways, and Mucosal Immunity: Implications for People Living With HIV.},
journal = {American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989)},
volume = {95},
number = {5},
pages = {e70255},
doi = {10.1111/aji.70255},
pmid = {42113488},
issn = {1600-0897},
support = {R01 AI172111/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI184122/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI116292/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI134293/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; R21 AI174903/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; KL2 TR002317/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; P30 AI027757/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Tenofovir/therapeutic use ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology ; *Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects ; *Interferons/metabolism ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; *Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication and protects people living with HIV (PLWH) from progressing to AIDS. However, despite ART, many PLWH experience chronic immune activation, which contributes to premature aging and non-AIDS-related comorbidities. One reason for this chronic immune activation (CIA) is HIV and its reservoir. There is, however, accumulating evidence for an unexpected contributor: the nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) class of drugs, particularly tenofovir, which can independently induce interferon (IFN) signaling in mucosal tissues. This CIA-driving effect of tenofovir and other NRTIs warrants further study, as these therapies are taken lifelong and PLWH suffer disproportionately from inflammation-related comorbidities.

OBJECTIVE: This review synthesizes evidence demonstrating that tenofovir contributes to CIA across multiple mucosal compartments (rectum, duodenum, and vagina) in both HIV-uninfected and infected individuals. We detail the known mechanisms that likely underlie NRTI-induced CIA: (1) Suppression of interleukin 10 (IL-10), and induction of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), through inhibition of the protein kinase AKT, and (2) interferon response-enhancing interactions with endogenous retroelements. Tenofovir also increases the number of specialized ISG[high] epithelial cells in the gut. We further discuss the hypothesis that the chronic interferon signaling driven by NRTIs exacerbates HIV reservoir persistence and T-cell exhaustion. Finally, we propose emerging therapeutic strategies, including NRTI-sparing antiretroviral regimens and targeted immunomodulatory treatments, to reduce CIA and improve clinical outcomes for PLWH.},
}

Humans
*Tenofovir/therapeutic use
*HIV Infections/drug therapy/immunology
*Immunity, Mucosal/drug effects
*Interferons/metabolism
Signal Transduction/drug effects
*Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42114530,
year = {2026},
author = {Mahomed, S and Paez, CA and Huang, Y and Seaton, KE and Yu, C and Gillespie, K and Miner, MD and Karuna, ST and Gamble, T and Heptinstall, J and Domin, E and Tang, H and Zhang, L and Gao, F and Yacovone, M and Spiegel, HML and Dumond, J and Anderson, MA and Piwowar-Manning, E and Dye, BJ and Tindale, I and Proulx-Burns, L and Trahey, M and Takuva, S and Takalani, A and Bailey, VC and Kalams, SA and Scott, H and Kosgei, J and Delany-Moretlwe, S and Kassim, S and Laher, F and Chirenje, ZM and Musodza, Y and Mhlanga, F and Mkhize, N and Weiner, JA and Ackerman, ME and McElrath, MJ and Pensiero, MN and Gama, L and Barouch, DH and Corey, L and Cohen, MS and Montefiori, DC and Tomaras, GD and Siegel, M and Kelley, CF and , },
title = {Safety, pharmacokinetics, and neutralisation activity of PGDM1400LS, VRC07-523LS, and PGT121.414.LS infused intravenously or subcutaneously (HVTN 140/HPTN 101 part B): a phase 1, randomised trial.},
journal = {The lancet. HIV},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/S2352-3018(25)00356-X},
pmid = {42114530},
issn = {2352-3018},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Passive immunisation with a combination of broadly neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) presents a potential HIV-1 prevention modality. This study (HVTN 140/HPTN 101) sought to evaluate PGDM1400LS (targeting V3-glycan) administered alone (part A, previously reported), and in combination (part B) with VRC07-523LS (targeting CD4 binding site) and PGT121.414.LS (targeting V2-apex) in healthy adults without HIV-1.

METHODS: The study was a phase 1, multicentre, randomised, open-label trial done across the USA (five sites), Kenya (one site), South Africa (four sites), and Zimbabwe (three sites). Part B participants were randomly assigned to five groups (n=16 each), all receiving the three mAbs at months 0 and 4: infusion group T6 (20 mg/kg each mAb intravenously), T7 (20 mg/kg each mAb subcutaneously), T8 (1·4 g each mAb intravenously), T9 (1·4 g each mAb subcutaneously), and T10 (40 mg/kg each mAb intravenously). Primary endpoints were safety and tolerability throughout the study, and pharmacokinetics and neutralising activity on days 0, 3, 6, 28, 56, 112, 168, 224, and 280. Serum mAb concentrations over time were assessed via a validated anti-idiotype binding assay and analysed with two-compartment population pharmacokinetics models. Serum neutralisation titres were assessed by a validated TZM-bl assay. The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05184452) and is complete.

FINDINGS: For the 80 part B participants enrolled from March 21 to Oct 5, 2022, the median age was 27·0 years, with 47·5% females. Most participants had mild-to-moderate solicited local and systemic symptoms. No serious adverse events were reported. On the basis of pharmacokinetics data from part A and part B combined, the estimated elimination half-life of PGDM1400LS was 53 days (51·4-55·3). Subcutaneous administration of PGDM1400LS exhibited bioavailability of 73·0% (67·5-78·5%) relative to intravenous administration of the same dose. PGT121.414.LS had an estimated elimination half-life of 65 days (61·8-68·1) with subcutaneous bioavailability of 77·7% (71·2-84·1), and VRC07-523LS had an estimated elimination half-life of 44 days (41·6-45·7) with a subcutaneous bioavailability of 80·1% (71·4-88·8). Both weight-based and fixed-dose regimens showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles. Observed neutralisation titres were consistent with those predicted on the basis of concentrations and in vitro neutralisation. No treatment-induced anti-drug antibody responses were detected.

INTERPRETATION: The mAb combination of PGDM1400LS, PGT121.414.LS, and VRC07-523LS was safe and well tolerated, with no antagonistic pharmacokinetic interactions or loss of neutralisation activity. These findings support further evaluation of this combination in future efficacy trials.

FUNDING: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases-National Institutes of Health.},
}

@article {pmid42114785,
year = {2026},
author = {Wright, JL and Moughan, J and Woodward, WA and Rahbar, H and Shah, AB and Comstock, C and Jarvis, LA and Tjoe, JA and Germain, I and Badve, SS and Strom, E and Recht, A and Ling, DC and Vallow, LA and Stephenson, JJ and Currey, A and Walker, EM and Reiter, H and Steinberg, ML and Pierce, LJ and Winter, K and Sparano, J and Davidson, NE and Wolff, A and Mamounas, EP and White, JR and McCormick, B},
title = {Impact of Tamoxifen Only after Lumpectomy for "Good Risk" Duct Carcinoma in Situ: Combined Analysis of the NRG Oncology/RTOG 9804 and ECOG-ACRIN E5194 Trials.},
journal = {International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijrobp.2026.04.103},
pmid = {42114785},
issn = {1879-355X},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The NRG/RTOG 9804 trial randomized patients with "good risk" ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to radiation (RT) or none following lumpectomy. The ECOG-ACRIN E5194 trial had a comparable cohort observed without RT. Tamoxifen use was optional in both trials. This ancillary exploratory analysis combining both datasets assesses the effect of tamoxifen on ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR) in "good risk" DCIS treated with lumpectomy alone.

METHODS AND MATERIALS: A combined database from the non-RT arm of NRG/RTOG 9804 and the "good risk" cohort from E5194 (low- or intermediate grade, ≤2.5cm, excision margins ≥3mm) was created and distributions of patient and DCIS characteristics by tamoxifen use were compared by Chi-square. IBR, invasive-IBR, DCIS-IBR, contralateral breast event, and overall survival were estimated and distributions between tamoxifen use were compared. Univariate and multivariable Fine-Gray regression was used to analyze factors that may be associated with endpoints.

RESULTS: 878 patients were analyzed (317 from NRG/RTOG 9804, 561 from E5194). The use of tamoxifen overall was 43.1% (65.6% in NRG/RTOG 9804, 30.3% in E5194). At median follow-up of 14.85 years, there were 117 IBR (65 invasive, 52 DCIS). There was a significant association for reduced IBR with tamoxifen use (p=0.001); estimated 15-year IBR (95% CI) with tamoxifen is 11.4% (7.9%, 15.5%) and without is 19.0% (15.3%, 22.9%). Tamoxifen use was significantly associated with reduced invasive-IBR (p=0.0048) but not DCIS-IBR (p=0.089). On multivariable analysis, patients who received tamoxifen were 46% less likely to have any IBR (HR=0.54, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.83; p=0.0045), and 57% less likely to have invasive-IBR (HR=0.43, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.77; p=0.0042).

CONCLUSION: For patients with "good risk" DCIS treated with lumpectomy without RT, tamoxifen use was significantly associated with a reduction in IBR overall and invasive-IBR, not DCIS-IBR.},
}

@article {pmid42101917,
year = {2026},
author = {Gorsline, CA and Kumar, RN and McCulloch, DJ and Abidi, MZ and Limaye, AP and Harris, CE},
title = {Making the Most of a Transplant ID Conference: A Practical Guide for Trainees and Early-Career Faculty.},
journal = {Transplant infectious disease : an official journal of the Transplantation Society},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e70228},
doi = {10.1111/tid.70228},
pmid = {42101917},
issn = {1399-3062},
abstract = {Attending conferences is a foundational component of professional growth in transplant infectious diseases (TIDs), yet trainees and early-career faculty often face an overwhelming array of meeting options and limited guidance on how to maximize the experience. This report outlines practical strategies for selecting the most impactful conferences, preparing effectively, engaging with poster sessions, cultivating meaningful professional connections, and incorporating rest and reflection into conference travel. Unlike previous discussions hosted by the TID Early Career Network (TxIDECN), which typically occurred over social media, this was a live expert panel with audience participation at the 2025 Fred Hutch Symposium on Infectious Diseases in the Immunocompromised Host on May 13, 2025, in Seattle, Washington. Here, we summarize that discussion with actionable tools to navigate conferences intentionally and translate these experiences into sustained academic and career development for emerging TID professionals.},
}

@article {pmid42103082,
year = {2026},
author = {Lust, H and Williams, O and Schneiderman, J and Duerst, R and Jacobsohn, D and Rivera, A and Fuleihan, R and Tse, WT and Kletzel, M and Chaudhury, S},
title = {Excellent long-term survival and immune recovery with reduced-intensity conditioning HCT in inborn errors of immunity.},
journal = {Transplantation and cellular therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.jtct.2026.05.002},
pmid = {42103082},
issn = {2666-6367},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) for pediatric patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) receiving allogeneic stem cell transplant (HCT) has improved outcomes, though the ideal regimen to minimize toxicity and optimize immune reconstitution (IR) remains unclear. RIC regimens with strong immune-ablation and low-dose alkylating agents offer an alternative that may reduce conditioning-related toxicity and lead to durable immune reconstitution.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine the outcomes including overall survival, event free survival, rates of toxicity, and IR outcomes for patients with IEI receiving RIC HCT at our institution.

STUDY DESIGN: We reviewed survival, toxicity, and IR outcomes for patients with IEI receiving RIC HCT with targeted busulfan (2 days), fludarabine 180mg/m2, and rATG 8mg/kg (Bu2/Flu/rATG). Prior to 2007, busulfan target cumulative AUC was 32mg/L*h (cohort 1). Given high observed rates of graft failure, busulfan target was increased to 40mg/L*h and thiotepa was added in cord blood (UCB) transplants from 2008-2023 (cohort 2).

RESULTS: Between 2000-2023, 73 patients received Bu2/Flu/rATG conditioning. 5-year OS was 80%, 83% for SCID, and 77% for other IEI. For SCID, 5-year OS was lower for UCB recipients compared to PBSC - 58% vs 96% (P=0.002). Patients in cohort 1 experienced lower 5-year EFS - 44% vs 77% in cohort 2 (P=0.02). Graft failure was seen in 11 patients (15%). Incidence of ≥grade 2 acute GVHD was 12%. At 1-year post-HCT, 87% of patients with evaluable data maintained full T-cell chimerism, with 80% demonstrating myeloid chimerism >50%. CD4[+] IR by day +100 was seen in 89% of patients.

CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate excellent overall and graft-failure free survival in patients with IEI receiving a busulfan (cumulative 40mg*h/L)/fludarabine/rATG RIC regimen with high rates of early IR and sustained donor chimerism in both SCID and non-SCID IEI populations while maintaining low rates of GVHD and conditioning-related toxicity.},
}

@article {pmid42104007,
year = {2026},
author = {Li, Y and Lee, DR and Allgeyer, ES and Schroeder, LK and Tu, S and Bewersdorf, J and Hao, X},
title = {Implementation of an adaptive-optics assisted isoSTED nanoscope.},
journal = {Nature protocols},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42104007},
issn = {1750-2799},
support = {U54 DK106857/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; U54 DK106857/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States ; LR25F050002//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; LR25F050002//Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation)/ ; RS-2023-00211106//National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)/ ; },
abstract = {In stimulated emission depletion (STED) nanoscopy, high 3D resolution requires harnessing a 4Pi architecture using two opposing objectives. Here, we provide the step-by-step process for the construction and alignment of a 4Pi-STED nanoscope, commonly referred to as an 'isoSTED nanoscope'. The procedure guides interested researchers through the assembly of the optomechanical components, the configuration of the electronic and control devices, the alignment of the optical beam path and the assessment of the instrument's performance. The protocol offers a detailed roadmap for constructing an isoSTED nanoscope with adaptive optics in about 12 months and is designed for users with expertise in optical instrumentation builds. Once the instrument is finely calibrated, researchers can expect to achieve 3D biological images with isotropic sub-50-nm resolution in thick samples ≤35 µm in depth.},
}

@article {pmid42039413,
year = {2026},
author = {Glass, DR and Dornisch, E and Yin, H and Ludmann, SA and Samudre, A and Kuhl, S and Malone, J and Chander, A and Kaul, SN and Phalen, CG and Parthasarathy, V and Dillon, MA and Genge, P and Stuckey, TJ and Anover-Sombke, S and Wittig, PJ and Pebworth, MP and He, Z and Henderson, KE and Ravisankar, P and Hernandez, V and Musgrove, B and Mishra, S and Krishnan, U and Thomson, Z and Weiss, M and Estep, N and Graybuck, L and Angus-Hill, M and Gustafson, CE and Kopp, M and Reading, J and Li, XJ and Viana, MP and Bumol, TF and Goldrath, AW and Sigvardsson, M and Bendall, SC and Skene, PJ and Green, DJ and Newell, EW and Torgerson, T and Glass, MC},
title = {Multi-omic profiling of human antibody-secreting cells reveals diverse subsets sustain durable humoral immunity.},
journal = {bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42039413},
issn = {2692-8205},
abstract = {Antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) provide humoral immunity that can mediate lifelong protection against pathogens. Current classifications cannot delineate the heterogenous functionalities, tissue residencies, and lifespans of human ASC subsets, impeding clinical translation. We applied multi-omic sequencing, spatial proteomics, and functional assays to discover and characterize human bone marrow (BM) ASC subsets. We identified two peripheral subsets (ASCp) also present in blood and three BM-resident subsets (ASCr), comprising a maturation continuum associated with increased mitochondrial networking, diminished antibody secretion, differential transcription factor motif accessibility, and preferential co-localization in homotypic niches. CD19+9+ASCr and CD19-ASCr exhibited poor recovery years after BM transplantation, indicating a strong dependence on supportive niches. Childhood vaccine antigens were recognized by long-lived ASCr subsets in adults and by immature HLA-DR+ASCp, implying ASCs can differentiate without recent antigen exposure. Our results provide new insights into ASC identity, maturation, and longevity and a generalizable framework for study and manipulation of human ASCs.},
}