@article {pmid42065140,
year = {2026},
author = {Thompson, CR and Adams, ER and Fletcher, TE},
title = {Diagnostics and the 100-day mission: why preparedness cannot wait.},
journal = {Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene},
volume = {120},
number = {8},
pages = {898-900},
doi = {10.1093/trstmh/trag052},
pmid = {42065140},
issn = {1878-3503},
support = {//University of Liverpool/ ; //Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine/ ; //Liverpool John Moores University/ ; //Liverpool City Council/ ; //Liverpool City Region Combined Authority/ ; //Liverpool University Hospital Foundation/ ; //Trust and Knowledge Quarter Liverpool/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Global Health ; Pandemic Preparedness ; *Pandemics/prevention & control ; *COVID-19/diagnosis ; Public Health Infrastructure ; },
abstract = {The 2025 International Panel for Pandemic Surveillance Report and the G7 100-day mission emphasise rapid deployment of diagnostics, but preparatory infrastructure is vital to achieve this goal. Drawing on lateral flow development and haemorrhagic fever case studies, we highlight the requirement for pre-established diagnostic building blocks, including monoclonal antibodies, antigens, biological reference materials and regulatory pathways. Persistent funding imbalances and inequitable global investment threaten timely outbreak response. Sustained preparedness investment, strengthened biobanking and equitable access frameworks will ensure that diagnostics can be delivered within meaningful response timelines.},
}

Humans
Global Health
Pandemic Preparedness
*Pandemics/prevention & control
*COVID-19/diagnosis
Public Health Infrastructure

@article {pmid42066776,
year = {2026},
author = {Akil, H and Maras, PM and Turner, CA},
title = {Stress fitness: A neuroscientific approach to building emotional resilience.},
journal = {Neuron},
volume = {114},
number = {13},
pages = {2298-2314},
doi = {10.1016/j.neuron.2026.03.032},
pmid = {42066776},
issn = {1097-4199},
mesh = {Humans ; *Resilience, Psychological ; *Stress, Psychological/psychology/physiopathology ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Emotions/physiology ; Animals ; *Anxiety Disorders/psychology ; },
abstract = {Across the globe, rates of mood and anxiety disorders have been increasing steadily, a trend accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress triggers these disorders, precipitating initial episodes and provoking relapses. In this perspective, we argue that the stress system is not merely a threat mechanism but also an ongoing and active monitor of the environment and that resilience is not simply the lack of sensitivity to stress but an active function with an intrinsic neurobiology. Through the interplay of genetic, developmental, and experiential mechanisms, individuals evolve their own "stress-resilience algorithm" that determines their stress reactivity and the resulting adaptive or maladaptive consequences. This algorithm represents a dynamic, lifelong process that is often self-reinforcing. We underscore the importance of focusing on prevention by assessing and enhancing an individual's "stress fitness." This perspective offers a new conceptualization of the neurobiology of stress and resilience as a framework for basic and translational neuroscience research aimed at confronting the challenges of stress disorders.},
}

Humans
*Resilience, Psychological
*Stress, Psychological/psychology/physiopathology
*COVID-19/psychology
*Emotions/physiology
Animals
*Anxiety Disorders/psychology

@article {pmid42067236,
year = {2026},
author = {Tolchard, J and Le Marchand, T and Aspers, RLEG and Batta, G and Bechinger, B and Brath, U and Chasapi, SA and Čikoš, A and Ecsedi, K and Favier, A and Ferreira, ASD and Fiala, R and Georgiopoulou, PD and Gómez, JS and Jaudzems, K and Karlsson, G and Kentgens, APM and Lambregts, SFH and Morelli, F and Mulder, FAA and Natarajan, SV and Persson, C and Pierattelli, R and Pons, M and Raya, J and Redfield, C and Smrečki, V and Spyroulias, GA and Trébosc, J and Vallet, A and van Heijenoort, C and van Ingen, H and Vosegaard, T and Wirmer-Bartoschek, J and Schwalbe, H and Lesage, A and Pintacuda, G},
title = {Moving NMR infrastructures to remote access capabilities.},
journal = {Progress in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy},
volume = {152-153},
number = {},
pages = {101595},
doi = {10.1016/j.pnmrs.2026.101595},
pmid = {42067236},
issn = {1873-3301},
abstract = {Traditionally, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) infrastructures have relied on in-person access, requiring researchers to travel to centralized facilities to conduct experiments. However, recent advancements in remote access technologies, accelerated by the constraints imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, have demonstrated the feasibility and strategic benefits of transitioning NMR operations toward remote accessibility. This review examines the key challenges and opportunities associated with remote access to NMR instrumentation, including standardized protocols for sample handling, secure authentication mechanisms, real-time instrument control, and data management. By establishing a unified framework for remote access, we aim to enhance the sustainability and accessibility of NMR facilities. Our findings highlight the necessity for collaborative efforts to develop best practices that ensure reproducibility, high-quality data acquisition, and equitable access to NMR infrastructure on a global scale.},
}

@article {pmid42067749,
year = {2026},
author = {Sharma, B and Smith, R and E Pennell, C},
title = {Global Trends in Maternal Mortality and Efforts to Improve Maternal Outcomes Through Sociomedical Interventions.},
journal = {Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.)},
volume = {33},
number = {5},
pages = {950-960},
pmid = {42067749},
issn = {1933-7205},
mesh = {*Maternal Mortality/trends ; Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; COVID-19 ; Developing Countries ; *Global Health ; },
abstract = {Maternal mortality continues to be a major global health concern that disproportionately affects low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with the World Health Organisation (WHO) estimating a maternal death occurring every two minutes. The data-sparse LMICs employ a multitude of estimation approaches to gauge maternal mortality ratios (MMR); however, their classification of deaths and reproducibility of estimates remain open to discussion. Despite a considerable reduction of MMR levels since 2000, more recently, the MMR levels in countries including the US have resurged due to the sociomedical crises brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.1 aims to achieve global maternal mortality ratios of less than 70 per 100,000 live births and below 140 per 100,000 live births at the national level by 2030. However, recent projections indicate it will remain unmet by a margin of a million maternal deaths. Many LMICs apply the three-delays framework of maternal deaths that requires verbal autopsy to be used in tandem with the identification of maternal deaths. The three-delays model devised in the mid-1990s allows LMICs to gear their resources towards specific intervention points. A significant portion of the existing literature has focused on the description of the magnitude of the issue and the factors precipitating maternal deaths. Innovative solutions have recently been implemented, such as repurposing military helicopters to reduce the delays in managing obstetric complications. Similarly, prospective studies are required to devise ways to address the sociomedical mechanisms underlying maternal deaths.},
}

*Maternal Mortality/trends
Humans
Female
Pregnancy
COVID-19
Developing Countries
*Global Health

@article {pmid42067830,
year = {2026},
author = {Youssef, DM and Al-Shehabi, H and Johann, S and Kitts, J and Bauer, M and Montt-Maray, E and Bcheraoui, CE},
title = {Public health emergency response through field epidemiology training and rapid response teams - a scoping review.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42067830},
issn = {1471-2458},
mesh = {Humans ; *Epidemiology/education ; *Public Health/education ; Public Health Infrastructure ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Public Health Emergency Workforce (PHEW) plays a significant role in the detection and rapid response to emerging diseases, thus helping countries manage global threats. In line with the International Health Regulations' call for strengthening national capacities, field epidemiology training programs (FETPs) and rapid response teams (RRTs) have been developed to enhance countries' preparedness and response capacities. This scoping review synthesizes the evidence on available FETPs and RRTs and on their effectiveness as well as the challenges they face.

METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using EMBASE, Ovid Medline and Scopus databases in addition to the grey literature for studies published after year 2000, in the English language. Studies were selected by two independent reviewers and data were extracted into an excel sheet. Included manuscripts were analyzed through a narrative synthesis.

RESULTS: Four thousand one hundred ten studies were identified from the three peer-reviewed databases and six articles from the grey literature. Finally, 67 studies were included in the review comprising 47 identified through our search and 20 sourced from the references. The studies on PHEW training included FETPs encompassing those with laboratory and veterinary focus, and training on rapid response. Enhancement in learning acquired, course satisfaction, application of skills in workplace and engagements in key emergency response activities were found. However, lack of funding and a standardized curriculum were still among the most common challenges facing FETPs and RRTs.

CONCLUSION: While PHEW training including FETPs and RRTs are essential for building resilience against health threats, financial challenges, lack of standardized curricula and operating procedures hinders their effectiveness. Integrating One Health and laboratory skills into FETPs are vital, as seen during the COVID-19 pandemic response. Governments should work towards increasing funding and incentivizing graduate retention. They should also collaborate with organizations such as the International Association of National Public Health Institutes (IANPHI) and the Global Field Epidemiology Partnership (GFEP) to establish standardized curricula for FETP and RRT.},
}

Humans
*Epidemiology/education
*Public Health/education
Public Health Infrastructure

@article {pmid42068116,
year = {2026},
author = {Peart, SR and Haj-Yahya, R and Nugent, M and Ganbold, O and Harbinson, L and Jly, C and Manley, BJ and Whitehead, CL},
title = {Preterm Birth and Perinatal Mortality During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {62},
number = {6},
pages = {924-935},
pmid = {42068116},
issn = {1440-1754},
mesh = {Humans ; *Premature Birth/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pregnancy ; *Perinatal Mortality/trends ; Female ; Infant, Newborn ; Stillbirth/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Preterm birth rates may have been affected during the COVID-19 pandemic but the impact of this on perinatal morbidity is unknown.

AIM: To review the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on rates of preterm birth and perinatal mortality.

METHODS: Medline, Embase, and online pre-prints were searched from Jan 2020 to Oct 2022. Case-control, cohort studies and reports comparing rates of preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal death before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period were included. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal death was calculated using a random effects model. The primary outcome was the rate of preterm birth, stillbirth and neonatal death in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods.

RESULTS: 100 studies were included. Compared with pre-pandemic periods, there was a decrease in preterm births during the pandemic period: OR 0.95 (95% CI 0.94-0.97) I [2]  = 0.93, with the greatest reduction for births < 28 weeks' gestation in high-income countries: OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.88-0.96), I [2]  = 0.46. There was a reduction in neonatal deaths in high-income countries: OR 0.78 (95% CI 0.64-0.95), I [2]  = 0.4. In low- and middle-income countries the stillbirth rate increased during the pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period: OR 1.18 (95% CI 1.02-1.36), I [2]  = 0.86.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a reduction in preterm births and neonatal deaths. Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms underlying these findings. Stillbirth rates increased in low- and middle-income countries where access to healthcare may have been restricted and strategies to address this in future pandemics are warranted.},
}

Humans
*Premature Birth/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pregnancy
*Perinatal Mortality/trends
Female
Infant, Newborn
Stillbirth/epidemiology
Pandemics

@article {pmid42068729,
year = {2026},
author = {Menin, IBF and Dias, ADC and da Rosa, MI and Colonetti, T and Grande, AJ},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among people with epilepsy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Seizure},
volume = {138},
number = {},
pages = {198-211},
doi = {10.1016/j.seizure.2026.04.007},
pmid = {42068729},
issn = {1532-2688},
mesh = {Humans ; *Epilepsy/psychology ; *Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Vaccination/psychology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To systematically review and meta-analyze COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among individuals with epilepsy.

METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched Cochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO databases, and grey literature through February 6, 2026. We included studies addressing COVID-19 vaccination hesitancy in adults with epilepsy, with no date or language restrictions. Two reviewers independently screened articles, extracted data, and assessed quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models, with heterogeneity assessed using I² statistics. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE criteria.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies comprising 4230 participants were included. Overall vaccination willingness was 51.7% (95% CI: 36.6-68.8%, I²=98%). Among unvaccinated individuals, 44.2% (95% CI: 26.6-61.8%, I²=95%) expressed willingness to be vaccinated. Well-controlled epilepsy was associated with higher vaccination rates (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.49-2.46, I²=0%). Conversely, frequent seizures (daily/weekly) were associated with lower vaccination likelihood (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.76, I²=0%). The primary reasons for vaccine hesitancy were fear of seizure worsening (23.8-88.5% across studies) and concerns about side effects (13.0-53.0%). Methodological quality was generally poor, with only one study rated as "satisfactory" using NOS criteria. GRADE assessment indicated very low certainty of evidence due to serious risk of bias, inconsistency, and imprecision.

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains present in people with epilepsy, primarily driven by concerns about seizure exacerbation. Individuals with well-controlled epilepsy show higher vaccination acceptance. Healthcare providers should address specific concerns about seizure control while emphasizing vaccine safety data. High-quality prospective studies using validated instruments are recommended.},
}

Humans
*Epilepsy/psychology
*Vaccination Hesitancy/psychology
*COVID-19 Vaccines
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Vaccination/psychology

@article {pmid42068781,
year = {2026},
author = {Chang, SY and Hsieh, CY and Lee, WY and Hung, HM and Lee, HF and Hsu, HC},
title = {The career choices of nursing students after the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review.},
journal = {International journal of nursing studies},
volume = {180},
number = {},
pages = {105547},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2026.105547},
pmid = {42068781},
issn = {1873-491X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Career Choice ; *Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; *Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; *Students, Nursing/psychology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted nursing education worldwide, limiting clinical learning opportunities and increasing psychological stress. These challenges forced nursing students to make career decisions in uncertain, risky, and changing social environments.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the scope, influencing factors, and strategies related to nursing students' career choices after the pandemic.

DESIGN: A scoping review following Arksey and O'Malley's framework.

METHODS: Six databases were searched without restrictions on language or publication date. Seventeen studies involving 5167 nursing students from Asia, Europe, and the Middle East were included. Data were analyzed thematically to identify career intentions, influencing factors, and development strategies.

RESULTS: Most nursing students intended to remain in the profession, although their intentions varied by country and over time. Key positive influences included strengthened professional identity, societal recognition, and supportive learning environments. Negative influences included perceived occupational risk, inadequate compensation, and reduced clinical experience. Recommended strategies included flexible teaching approaches, enhanced clinical preparation, psychological support, and policy measures to improve working conditions and enhance professional image.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite these significant challenges, many nursing students showed resilience and a willingness to remain in nursing. Investment in education, mentorship, and workforce policy is vital to sustain the nursing workforce and strengthen healthcare resilience in the face of future crises.},
}

Humans
*Career Choice
*Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
*Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
*Students, Nursing/psychology

@article {pmid42069208,
year = {2026},
author = {Singh, Y and Gupta, A and Gupta, S and Goud, P and Pandey, SN and Goyal, K and Kumbhar, PS and Singh, SK and Dua, K and Gupta, G},
title = {Pentraxin-3 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in inflammatory lung diseases.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {589},
number = {},
pages = {121044},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2026.121044},
pmid = {42069208},
issn = {1873-3492},
mesh = {Humans ; Pentraxins ; *Serum Amyloid P-Component/analysis/metabolism ; *C-Reactive Protein/analysis/metabolism ; Biomarkers/blood/analysis ; Prognosis ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/blood ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {Inflammatory lung diseases, including community-acquired pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe viral pneumonia (including COVID-19), ventilator-associated pneumonia, and exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), necessitate prompt diagnostic and prognostic assessments accompanied by microbiological confirmation of the causative pathogen. Conventional biomarkers, including C-reactive protein and procalcitonin, are insufficient to distinguish between localized pulmonary and systemic inflammation. This narrative review summarizes the studies on Pentraxin-3 (PTX3), a locally synthesized, extrahepatic acute-phase protein secreted by endothelial cells, epithelial cells, and myeloid leukocytes at sites of inflammation, as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in the continuum of inflammatory lung diseases. Plasma PTX3 indicates systemic endothelial activation and disease severity, whereas bronchoalveolar lavage PTX3 concentrations provide compartment-specific diagnostic data, identify follow-up infections, and allow therapeutic escalation in relation to the disease phenotype. Nevertheless, clinical laboratory implementation involves matrix-specific reference levels, analytical validation containing limits of detection/quantification, precision, linearity, and interfering studies according to CLSI, commutable calibrators, and traceability hierarchies. The pre-analytical procedure is standardized, and platform-independent decision limits through harmonized assays, preparation of external quality assessment, and compatibility of acute-care turnaround times are required to implement multicenter PTX3 in routine clinical laboratory diagnostics.},
}

Humans
Pentraxins
*Serum Amyloid P-Component/analysis/metabolism
*C-Reactive Protein/analysis/metabolism
Biomarkers/blood/analysis
Prognosis
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
*Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis/blood
Pandemics

@article {pmid42069590,
year = {2026},
author = {Yeh, CF and Ianalieva, L and Wong, HK and Wu, CC and Yang, KC},
title = {Nanomedicine-based theranostics in atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.},
journal = {Journal of biomedical science},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42069590},
issn = {1423-0127},
support = {111-2314-B-002-069 MY3, 112-2314-B-002-277 MY3, 112-2918-I-002-002, 112-2926-I-002-511-G (KCY)//National Science and Technology Council/ ; NHRI-EX113-11213BI (KCY)//National Health Research Institutes/ ; IBMS-CRC111-P01 (KCY), AS-TM-113-01-02 (KCY), AS-GC-110-L06 (KCY, SYC)//Academia Sinica/ ; VN112-06, VN-113-03, 112-S0307, 112-S0311, 113-S0196, 113-IF0002, 113-E0008 (KCY)//National Taiwan University Hospital/ ; 110F005-112-M2 (KCY)//National Taiwan University College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and Min-Sheng General Hospital/ ; NSCCMOH-131-41, 111C101-051, 112C101-031 (KCY)//of National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital/ ; 112L7849, 113L7832 (KCY)//National Taiwan University/ ; NTU ABRC TCE//NTU Advanced Biomedical Research Center, Taiwan Centers of Excellence/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods ; *Atherosclerosis/therapy/diagnosis ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; *Nanomedicine ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy ; },
abstract = {Current treatment for atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) mainly focuses on the modification of systemic risk factors, such as hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. Despite significant efforts and expanse, achieving early and proper diagnosis of ASCVD to improve clinical outcomes remains challenging, and vascular-targeted therapies or genetic editing, while ideal, are still limited. The development of nanomedicine-based mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 has demonstrated the potential of nanotechnology to target previously inaccessible molecules. Precision therapies by nanomedicine targeting specific tissues/molecules hold potential for new treatment paradigms by precisely modulating disease-causing molecular pathways within diseased tissues, including dysfunctional vasculature. By leveraging insights into the pathogenic contributors of atherogenesis, researchers have optimized nanoplatforms' composition, synthesis strategies, and surface design to enhance therapeutic efficacy and enable early diagnosis. Herein, we present an updated overview of therapeutic and diagnostic strategies using nanomedicine for ASCVD, and explore future research directions and innovative approaches for nanomedicine-driven theranostics in cardiovascular care.},
}

Humans
*Theranostic Nanomedicine/methods
*Atherosclerosis/therapy/diagnosis
COVID-19/prevention & control
*Nanomedicine
Animals
SARS-CoV-2
*Cardiovascular Diseases/therapy

@article {pmid42070118,
year = {2026},
author = {Kusuma, NHS and Irnandi, DF and Pakpahan, C and An Nguyen, TT},
title = {Masturbation as a sexual and psychological coping strategy in long-distance relationships: a systematic review.},
journal = {The journal of sexual medicine},
volume = {23},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/jsxmed/qdag121},
pmid = {42070118},
issn = {1743-6109},
mesh = {Humans ; *Masturbation/psychology ; *Adaptation, Psychological ; Female ; Personal Satisfaction ; Male ; *Sexual Behavior/psychology ; COVID-19/psychology ; *Sexual Partners/psychology ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Coping Skills ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Long-distance relationships (LDRs) reduce opportunities for physical intimacy, often prompting individuals to seek alternative sexual activities such as masturbation. Although common, its influence on sexual satisfaction, sexual health, psychological well-being, and relational stability in LDRs remains understudied. Moreover, cultural and population differences shape diverse meanings and perspectives on masturbation.

OBJECTIVES: We employed a systematic review approach to explore the role of masturbation within long-distance relationships. Specifically, this review aims to examine how masturbation is associated with sexual, relational, and psychological outcomes and how these perspectives vary across cultural contexts.

METHODS: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, compiling both quantitative and qualitative studies on masturbation as an alternative sexual activity in LDRs as well as its implications for sexual satisfaction, relationship satisfaction, and psychological well-being.

RESULTS: Fourteen studies were eligible for further analysis in which men reported higher frequencies of masturbation compared to women, with significant increases observed in the context of long-distance relationships and during COVID-19 quarantine periods. Men were mainly motivated by biological release, orgasm, and stress reduction, often with pornography, whereas women reported broader motives such as relaxation, better sleep, stress relief, and emotional closeness. The effects on sexual satisfaction were mixed: masturbation was reported to be associated with greater body awareness, self-esteem, and relational harmony, yet excessive frequency was linked to lower satisfaction and arousal. Mutual, technology-mediated practices helped maintain intimacy, while excessive solitary use undermined relationship quality. From a sexual health perspective, moderate masturbation may be associated with indirect benefits through improved body awareness, whereas frequent use was linked to poorer experiences. Psychologically, it served as a coping strategy for sleep and stress, but excessive engagement increased anxiety and reduced emotional well-being.

CONCLUSION: Masturbation appears to be a common and potentially adaptive alternative sexual activity in the context of LDRs and during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in Eastern contexts, its meaning and impact are strongly shaped by sociocultural and religious norms.},
}

Humans
*Masturbation/psychology
*Adaptation, Psychological
Female
Personal Satisfaction
Male
*Sexual Behavior/psychology
COVID-19/psychology
*Sexual Partners/psychology
*Interpersonal Relations
Coping Skills

@article {pmid42070964,
year = {2026},
author = {Kamel, EM and Khadrawy, SM and Allam, AA and Ahmed, NA and Aba Alkhayl, FF and Lamsabhi, AM},
title = {Targeting the Elongin BC-BC-Box Interface: Structural Insights, Peptidic Disruptors and Emerging Small-Molecule Strategies.},
journal = {Chemical biology & drug design},
volume = {107},
number = {5},
pages = {e70307},
doi = {10.1111/cbdd.70307},
pmid = {42070964},
issn = {1747-0285},
support = {IMSIU-DDRSP2601//Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Elongin/metabolism/chemistry/antagonists & inhibitors ; *Peptides/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism ; *Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that orchestrate ubiquitin-dependent signaling have long challenged drug discovery because their interfaces are typically large and hydrophobic. The heterodimeric adaptor Elongin BC (ELOB/ELOC) defies this stereotype: its BC-box-binding groove is a deep, rigid pocket that anchors dozens of cellular and viral partners to cullin-RING ligases and to transcriptional machinery. Recent structural and chemical-biology breakthroughs have converted this once "undruggable" site into a tractable target. A sub-nanomolar peptide derived from the chromatin factor EPOP has been shown to displace native BC-box proteins, trigger apoptosis in multiple cancer lines, and unveil a transcriptomic signature that converges on MYC and cell-cycle control. Parallel fragment screens and crystallography have mapped adjacent hot spots suitable for small-molecule growth, while functional genomics highlights Elongin BC as a pan-cancer dependency and an unexpected regulator of the SARS-CoV-2 co-receptor TMPRSS2. This review synthesizes the structural principles of BC-box recognition, the current state of peptide and fragment-based inhibitors, and the biological consequences of disrupting the Elongin BC hub. We discuss therapeutic prospects in oncology and virology, outline key challenges-delivery, selectivity, and resistance-and propose future directions ranging from stapled-peptide optimization to covalent fragment tethering and PROTAC strategies. Together, these advances position Elongin BC inhibition at the forefront of next-generation PPI drug discovery, offering a unified approach to modulate ubiquitin signaling, epigenetic regulation, and viral entry through a single conserved pocket.},
}

Humans
*Elongin/metabolism/chemistry/antagonists & inhibitors
*Peptides/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism
*Small Molecule Libraries/chemistry/pharmacology/metabolism
Protein Binding/drug effects

@article {pmid42071153,
year = {2026},
author = {Gomes, JP},
title = {Genome Sequencing in Infectious Disease Outbreaks.},
journal = {Advances in experimental medicine and biology},
volume = {1504},
number = {},
pages = {357-371},
pmid = {42071153},
issn = {0065-2598},
mesh = {Humans ; *Disease Outbreaks ; *Whole Genome Sequencing/methods ; *Genome, Viral ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/transmission ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity ; *Genome, Bacterial ; *Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/transmission ; Animals ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; },
abstract = {Genome sequencing has become a crucial tool in the management and understanding of infectious disease outbreaks. By decoding the entire genetic material of pathogens, this technology allows scientists to track the spread and evolution of infectious agents with unprecedented precision. During an outbreak, one of the key applications of genome sequencing is in tracing the transmission pathways of the disease. By comparing the genetic sequences of pathogens from different patients and sources, epidemiologists can determine the source of the outbreak and how the disease is spreading through populations. In addition, genome sequencing has the potential to identify mutations that may affect transmissibility, virulence, or resistance to treatment, providing critical insights for public health responses, for instance enabling targeted interventions, such as specific treatments or vaccines. During the last years, this was particularly evident for multiple internationally occurring severe outbreaks caused by either bacteria or virus, with special emphasis during the COVID-19 pandemic, where genome sequencing played a vital role in monitoring the emergence of new variants and informing vaccine strategies. As sequencing technologies continue to advance and associated costs decline, their integration into public health strategies will be essential for more effective control and prevention of infectious disease outbreaks in the future.},
}

Humans
*Disease Outbreaks
*Whole Genome Sequencing/methods
*Genome, Viral
*COVID-19/epidemiology/virology/transmission
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/pathogenicity
*Genome, Bacterial
*Communicable Diseases/epidemiology/genetics/transmission
Animals
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods

@article {pmid42072232,
year = {2026},
author = {Franco, A and Angelone, F and Calderone, D and Ponsiglione, AM and Romano, M and Ricciardi, C and Amato, F},
title = {Telemedicine and 5G Technologies: A Systematic Global Review of Applications over the Past Decade.},
journal = {Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {13},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42072232},
issn = {2306-5354},
support = {E63C22002040007//RESTART - RESearch and innovation on future Telecommunications systems and networks, to make Italy more smART/ ; },
abstract = {This systematic review analyzes how the introduction and progressive deployment of 5G networks have influenced the evolution of telemedicine between 2014 and 2024, focusing on their impact on performance, accessibility, and the feasibility of advanced clinical applications across the pre-COVID-19, COVID-19, and post-COVID-19 periods. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and included publications retrieved from SCOPUS, PubMed, and Web of Science using a PICO-based search strategy. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and extracted data included clinical parameters, network characteristics such as bandwidth and latency, geographic setting, and type of telemedicine service. A total of 45 studies met the inclusion criteria, with most published between 2020 and 2024. The most frequently reported applications were telediagnosis, particularly robotic ultrasound, followed by telesurgery and teleconsultation. The low latency enabled by 5G networks supported complex telesurgical procedures over distances exceeding 5000 km, while in ultra-remote areas, hybrid solutions combining 5G and fiber-optic networks were often adopted to ensure stable connections. The integration of robotic platforms and AI-based tools further enhanced the precision and reliability of remote procedures. Overall, 5G technology has significantly advanced telemedicine by enabling real-time, high-quality care over long distances, improving access to specialist services and supporting more equitable and efficient digital healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved regions.},
}

@article {pmid42074180,
year = {2026},
author = {Mosteanu, IM and Parliteanu, OA and Mahler, B and Mitrea, A and Clenciu, D and Stefan, AG and Timofticiuc, DCP and Stoichita, A and Popoviciu, MS and Reurean Pintilei, DV and Rosu, MM and Radu Gheonea, TC and Vladu, BE and Boldeanu, L and Mota, E and Efrem, IC and Vladu, IM and Mota, M},
title = {Diabetes Mellitus and COVID-19 in Adults: A Systematic Review of Pathophysiological Connections, Clinical Outcomes, and Therapeutic Considerations.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42074180},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {NA//University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/therapy/physiopathology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Adult ; *Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology ; Hyperglycemia ; *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications ; },
abstract = {The disproportionately severe disease course of diabetic patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection was repeatedly observed by clinicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. The overlap between metabolic impairment, viral pathophysiology, and chronic inflammation created a pattern that urged deeper examination. The aim of this paper was to review and synthesize evidence regarding the interaction between diabetes mellitus and COVID-19. We synthesized evidence across mechanistic pathways (immune dysregulation, chronic inflammation, ACE2/DPP-4-related signaling, endothelial dysfunction, and pancreatic involvement) and key clinical outcomes (severity, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mortality, dysglycaemia/new-onset diabetes, and DKA). This systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Clinical Key, and Google Scholar. The eligibility criteria included papers on adults (≥18 years) with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) or newly diagnosed diabetes/hyperglycemia and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, published between January 2020 and October 2025, in English language. The PRISMA guidelines were used for data extraction. We identified 412 articles, out of which only 30 met all the inclusion criteria. Diabetes was consistently evoked as a major risk factor for severe COVID-19, being associated with higher susceptibility to pneumonia, respiratory failure, ICU admission, and mortality. The explanation lies in the impaired immune system, endothelial dysfunction, and metabolic repercussions imposed by hyperglycemia. Several antidiabetic drugs appeared protective in multiple cohorts. In conclusion, the accumulated evidence underscores the tight interplay between metabolic disease and COVID-19. Essentially, the clinical management of these patients would be a thoughtful selection of antidiabetic therapy and close metabolic monitoring.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications/epidemiology/therapy/physiopathology
SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
Adult
*Diabetes Mellitus/physiopathology
Hyperglycemia
*Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications

@article {pmid42074269,
year = {2026},
author = {Rangel, K and Villas-Bôas, MHS and De-Simone, SG},
title = {Advances in Ozone-Based Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2: An Updated Review.},
journal = {International journal of molecular sciences},
volume = {27},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42074269},
issn = {1422-0067},
support = {#200.960-2022//Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)/ ; #30515- 2020-5//Brazilian Council for Scientific Research (CNPq)/ ; },
mesh = {*Ozone/pharmacology ; Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/drug effects ; COVID-19/prevention & control/virology ; Disinfection/methods ; *Disinfectants/pharmacology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *Virus Inactivation/drug effects ; *Betacoronavirus/drug effects ; },
abstract = {The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic prompted the rapid development and deployment of novel strategies and methodologies to manage the dissemination of microorganisms. Understanding the crucial role that contaminated surfaces play in the spread of viruses highlights the importance of having effective cleaning and disinfection protocols in place for inanimate objects. A variety of antimicrobial agents have shown strong effectiveness against the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Various factors can impact on the performance of these agents. As a result, technologies utilizing ozone's microbicidal effects have been developed or improved for cleaning indoor areas, surfaces, and materials, despite ozone's diverse uses being known for years. Ozone offers the advantage of adaptability for both gaseous and aqueous use, depending on the nature of the decontaminated surfaces. Moreover, ozone-infused water is ecologically benign, possesses microbial-fighting capabilities, and synergistically reinforces the biocidal action of other chemical disinfectants. This review aims to summarize the efforts dedicated to harnessing gaseous and aqueous ozone as a valuable means to eliminate the SARS-CoV-2 virus from environments, surfaces, clinical equipment, and office supplies. This review sourced evidence-based articles from electronic databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and preprint repositories. The findings illustrated that ozone could serve as an additional tool for curbing the proliferation of COVID-19 and other viral infections. Additionally, we elucidated the operational attributes of ozone, the variables that influence its disinfection potency, and the mechanisms of its virucidal action. Notably, this review does not encompass the disinfection of the COVID-19 virus in wastewater.},
}

*Ozone/pharmacology
Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
COVID-19/prevention & control/virology
Disinfection/methods
*Disinfectants/pharmacology
Pandemics/prevention & control
*Virus Inactivation/drug effects
*Betacoronavirus/drug effects

@article {pmid42074690,
year = {2026},
author = {Lucaciu, FC and Wellmann, N and Mihai, AM and Sima, A and Rosca, O and Suba, MI and Tarau, A and Bosoanca, A and Marc, M},
title = {Post-COVID Respiratory Sequelae in COPD: Mucus Plugging, Infectious Complications, and Risk-Stratified Follow-Up.},
journal = {Journal of clinical medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42074690},
issn = {2077-0383},
abstract = {Context/Objectives: In patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection represents an overlap of viral injury on a lung already affected by pathological mucus, altered mucociliary clearance, chronic inflammation, and impaired antiviral immunity. Methods: A focused narrative review (2020-2025) was conducted using clinical, experimental, and consensus evidence. The evidence was synthesized qualitatively, with priority given to cohort studies, meta-analyses, and mechanism-focused studies with clinical relevance. Results: Mucus obstruction ("mucus plugs") is frequent in COPD (41-67%) and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. COPD also increases the risk of post-COVID respiratory sequelae. Bacterial coinfection at presentation is uncommon (3-5%), whereas secondary bacterial infections are more frequent (14-18%), especially in severe disease requiring intensive care, where VA-LRTI/VAP (ventilator-associated lower respiratory tract infection/ventilator-associated pneumonia) become predominant. Sepsis, whether viral or mixed, reflects disease severity and may contribute to functional decline and susceptibility to reinfections; however, the concept of a post-acute "sepsis legacy" in COPD after COVID-19 should currently be regarded as a clinically plausible but still emerging hypothesis rather than an established COPD-specific outcome. During recovery, acute exacerbation risk rises to 5.6% versus 3.9%, peaking in the first 30 days after severe disease (aHR ≈ 8.14). Persistent dyspnea and reduced DLCO (diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide) suggest ARDS-related injury, tissue remodeling, and microvascular dysfunction. Conclusions: In COPD, post-COVID respiratory sequelae result from the interaction of mucus, immunity, and infectious/sepsis-related complications. The first post-discharge month is a critical period requiring careful risk stratification and targeted follow-up.},
}

@article {pmid42075512,
year = {2026},
author = {Alexandru, GC and Gligor, LN and Chioran, D and Roi, CI and Riviș, M and Pricop, MO and Urîtu, A and Pacnejer, AM and Manea, HC and Olariu, TR},
title = {Post-COVID-19 Jaw Osteonecrosis: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42075512},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Osteonecrosis/etiology/therapy ; Risk Factors ; *Jaw Diseases/etiology/therapy ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mucormycosis/complications ; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) occurring after infection with SARS-CoV-2 has emerged as an increasingly reported complication in the post-COVID-19 era. Post-COVID-19 osteonecrosis of the jaw (PC-ONJ) has been described in association with both COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) and non-fungal phenotypes. This narrative review aims to synthesize and critically analyze the available evidence regarding terminology and classification, epidemiology and risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical and imaging characteristics, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies relevant to oral and maxillofacial surgery practice. Materials and Methods: An extensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar databases. The search targeted peer-reviewed publications published between 2020 and 2025, reflecting the post-pandemic emergence of this clinical spectrum. Original studies, systematic and narrative reviews, multicenter case series, consensus guidelines, and well-documented case reports were considered. Results: Available data, largely derived from case reports and small series, demonstrate a predominance of maxillary involvement and frequent association with diabetes mellitus and systemic corticosteroid therapy. Proposed mechanisms include COVID-19-associated endothelial dysfunction, microvascular thrombosis, immune dysregulation, metabolic imbalance, and treatment-related effects. Clinically, patients may present with persistent orofacial pain, tooth mobility, exposed or probeable bone, and frequent sinonasal extension, with symptoms sometimes preceding bone exposure. Diagnostic challenges arise from the overlap with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), osteoradionecrosis (ORN), and chronic osteomyelitis. Imaging is essential for assessing disease extent but remains insufficient for etiologic differentiation, making histopathological examination and targeted microbiological investigations necessary, particularly to exclude invasive fungal infection. Conclusions: Management must be etiology-driven. CAM requires urgent antifungal therapy combined with surgical debridement, whereas non-fungal forms are generally managed with conservative surgery and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship. Standardized diagnostic criteria and prospective multicenter studies are needed to reduce nosological ambiguity and optimize clinical decision-making in this emerging post-viral condition.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
*Osteonecrosis/etiology/therapy
Risk Factors
*Jaw Diseases/etiology/therapy
SARS-CoV-2
Mucormycosis/complications
Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw

@article {pmid42075521,
year = {2026},
author = {Balan, A and Graham, G and Sorin, H and Marcu, M and Gheorghe, N and Gabriela, M and Florescu, AR and Popa, AM and Lascu, A and Mot, CI and Mihaicuta, S and Frent, SM},
title = {Efficacy and Safety of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Methodological Evaluation of Randomized Controlled Trials.},
journal = {Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)},
volume = {62},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42075521},
issn = {1648-9144},
mesh = {Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; *Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods/adverse effects ; *COVID-19/therapy ; Hospitalization ; Treatment Outcome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {Background and Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by excessive inflammatory responses, including the so-called cytokine storm, which contributes substantially to morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The vagus nerve, through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway, represents a theoretically attractive therapeutic target for modulating systemic inflammation. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a potential adjunctive treatment for COVID-19, with several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating its efficacy on inflammatory biomarkers and clinical outcomes. The quality of this evidence base has not been rigorously evaluated. This systematic review critically appraises all available RCT evidence for VNS in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Materials and Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane (CENTRAL), and Web of Science from database inception to January 2026, for RCTs evaluating any form of VNS (invasive, non-invasive, cervical, or auricular) in hospitalized patients with confirmed acute COVID-19. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts according to pre-specified eligibility criteria. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, with assessments initially performed using multiple artificial intelligence tools and subsequently validated by the authors in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Given substantial heterogeneity and high risk of bias, narrative synthesis was performed rather than meta-analysis. Also, GRADE assessment was performed. Results: From 437 records identified, six RCTs comprising 221 patients met the inclusion criteria. Five trials (83%) were rated as high risk of bias, primarily due to inadequate blinding, substantial baseline imbalances, significant missing data and extensive multiple testing without statistical correction. The single double-blind trial with a credible sham control (Rangon et al.) found null results across all outcomes, including clinical progression, ICU transfer, and mortality, while the five "high" risk-of-bias trials generally reported positive findings on various inflammatory markers and clinical outcomes. One trial (Corrêa et al.) measured heart rate variability as a direct indicator of vagal activation and found no change despite claiming anti-inflammatory effects, contradicting the proposed mechanism of action. Significant cognitive findings from an interim analysis (Uehara et al., n = 21) disappeared in the larger completed trial (Corrêa et al., n = 52), providing empirical demonstration of false positive findings in small, underpowered studies. Conclusions: Currently available evidence supporting the use of VNS for acute COVID-19 remains scarce; however, the physiological rationale remains sound, although the absence of reliable target engagement markers in the included studies limits confidence in this treatment method. Large-scale, double-blind, sham-controlled trials are required before VNS can be firmly recommended for COVID-19 management.},
}

Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
*Vagus Nerve Stimulation/methods/adverse effects
*COVID-19/therapy
Hospitalization
Treatment Outcome
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42075693,
year = {2026},
author = {Amusan, OT and Guo, H},
title = {CMGC Kinases in Viral Infection and Human Disease.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42075693},
issn = {2076-0817},
support = {R21CA303392//National Institute of Health/ ; P20GM134974//National Institute of Health/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; Humans ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Receptor Cross-Talk ; *Signal Transduction ; *Virus Diseases/enzymology ; Phosphorylation ; *Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Cellular processes rely heavily on protein phosphorylation, a mechanism essential for organismal physiology and pathology. The CMGC family comprises a large group of serine/threonine kinases defined by a conserved catalytic core and closely related kinase domains. While several CMGC members have been extensively studied, others, including the RCK and CDKL subfamilies, remain less studied. Here, we synthesize current knowledge of CMGC kinases, emphasizing their structural organization, mechanisms of activation, and roles in infection and disease. CMGC kinases such as CDKs and DYRKs are activated downstream of growth factor signaling to drive proliferative programs. In contrast, other CMGC members respond to cellular stress signals, including stress cytokines, and function during quiescence or adverse conditions to regulate antiproliferative and pro-survival pathways. Through these context-dependent activities, CMGCs govern fundamental cellular processes, including growth, metabolism, transcription, and genome integrity. Although individual CMGC kinases operate within distinct signaling cascades, substantial crosstalk exists among their pathways. Both DNA and RNA viruses exploit host CMGC networks to reprogram the intracellular environment and enhance replication. While CMGC-virus interactions are often proviral, specific CMGC-mediated antiviral responses have been described, notably in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Collectively, CMGC kinases occupy a central position in cellular homeostasis and disease.},
}

Animals
Humans
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Receptor Cross-Talk
*Signal Transduction
*Virus Diseases/enzymology
Phosphorylation
*Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism

@article {pmid42075711,
year = {2026},
author = {Khan, MA and Khan, MH and Allemailem, KS},
title = {Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases: Therapeutic Signaling Catalysts in Viral Immune Evasion.},
journal = {Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {15},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42075711},
issn = {2076-0817},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immune Evasion ; *Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism/immunology ; *Virus Diseases/immunology/drug therapy/virology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Signal Transduction ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Animals ; *MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology ; COVID-19/immunology ; Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology ; },
abstract = {The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, ERK, JNK, and p38, are key regulators of immune responses during viral infections. These signaling cascades control cytokine production, T cell activity, and antigen presentation. However, many viruses can hijack MAPK pathways to avoid immune detection, promote their replication, and establish chronic infection. In this review, we discuss how different viruses, including HSV-1, HBV, HCMV, and SARS-CoV-2, manipulate MAPK signaling to alter host cell functions. A particular focus is given to the CD1d-iNKT cell axis, which plays a critical role in early antiviral responses but is often disrupted through MAPK-dependent mechanisms. We explore how changes in MAPK signaling affect antigen-presenting cells, drive T cell exhaustion, and reprogram immune cell metabolism, factors that contribute to viral immune evasion. The review also examines therapeutic strategies aimed at targeting MAPKs to improve antiviral immunity. These include small-molecule inhibitors and immune modulators that may enhance antiviral responses while limiting side effects. We emphasize the importance of context, as MAPK-targeted therapies must be carefully timed and tailored to avoid suppressing protective immunity or triggering unwanted inflammation. Overall, this review highlights the therapeutic potential and challenges of targeting MAPK pathways in viral infections and encourages further research into selective, host-directed antiviral strategies.},
}

Humans
*Immune Evasion
*Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism/immunology
*Virus Diseases/immunology/drug therapy/virology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Signal Transduction
Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Animals
*MAP Kinase Signaling System/immunology
COVID-19/immunology
Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology

@article {pmid42075977,
year = {2026},
author = {Büyüker, SM and Khan, KA and Khalil, AQK and Khan, I and Jahan, S and Adil, M and Al-Rohily, KM and Al-Khamees, AH and Khalil, AAK},
title = {Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir.: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential-A Review.},
journal = {Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {31},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42075977},
issn = {1420-3049},
mesh = {Humans ; *Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology ; Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; *Elaeocarpaceae/chemistry ; Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry/pharmacology ; Flavonoids/chemistry/pharmacology ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry/pharmacology ; },
abstract = {Elaeocarpus sylvestris (Lour.) Poir., an evergreen tree native to East and Southeast Asia, has gained increasing scientific attention owing to its broad pharmacological properties. Traditionally used in East Asian medicine to treat inflammation, fever, and infectious diseases, modern research has revealed diverse bioactivities, including potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. This therapeutic potential is primarily attributed to its rich phytochemical composition, particularly polyphenols such as geraniin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose and quercetin. This review particularly focuses on the chemistry of E. sylvestris, summarizing structurally elucidated compounds, including hydrolysable tannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids, along with recent insights into the structure-activity relationships that underpin these antiviral, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. Recent studies have demonstrated substantial antiviral efficacy of E. sylvestris extracts and isolated compounds against major human pathogens, including herpesviruses, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2, supported by in silico, in vitro, in vivo, and early-phase clinical evaluations. Its cosmeceutical applications, including antioxidant, skin-whitening, and blue-light protective effects, further highlight its multifunctional potential. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review summarizing the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, therapeutic potential, and cosmeceutical applications of E. sylvestris. Despite these promising findings, challenges remain in elucidating precise molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetics, and clinical validation. This review identifies current research gaps and future directions necessary to advance E. sylvestris as a scientifically validated natural therapeutic resource.},
}

Humans
*Plant Extracts/chemistry/pharmacology
*Phytochemicals/chemistry/pharmacology
Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology
*Elaeocarpaceae/chemistry
Antioxidants/chemistry/pharmacology
Animals
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/chemistry/pharmacology
Flavonoids/chemistry/pharmacology
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry/pharmacology

@article {pmid42076082,
year = {2026},
author = {Generalov, E and Shevelev, A and Romanov, D and Tarasova, O and Pozdniakova, N},
title = {RNA Therapeutics in Viral Infections and Cancer: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Prospects: A Review.},
journal = {Pharmaceutics},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {},
pmid = {42076082},
issn = {1999-4923},
support = {25-24-01206//Russian Science Foundation/ ; },
abstract = {Background: RNA therapeutics represent a rapidly advancing field with significant potential for treating viral infections and cancer. This review examines the current landscape of RNA-based strategies, including siRNA, miRNA mimics, and antisense oligonucleotides. For viral infections, the focus is on hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV), HIV, and SARS-CoV-2. Approaches include targeting viral transcripts directly (e.g., siRNAs against HBV surface antigen) or host factors critical for viral replication (e.g., anti-miR-122 miravirsen for HCV). The successful development of mRNA vaccines for COVID-19 is highlighted as a major breakthrough, demonstrating the feasibility of rapid RNA vaccine deployment. The manuscript reviews several RNA therapeutics in oncology that have reached clinical trials. These include TargomiR (a miR-16 mimic for mesothelioma), cobomarsen (an anti-miR-155 for lymphomas), and MRX34 (a miR-34a mimic for various solid tumours). The review also covers emerging candidates like an miR-221 inhibitor and various strategies for breast cancer, such as targeting Bcl-2, KRAS, and specific miRNAs. A critical challenge across both fields is developing efficient and safe delivery systems, including lipid nanoparticles, GalNAc conjugates, and bacterial minicells. Despite promising preclinical results, clinical translation has been hampered by issues like insufficient delivery efficiency to human tumours, toxicity, and the complex, interconnected regulatory networks of miRNAs, which can lead to unpredictable off-target effects. Conclusions: While RNA therapeutics hold immense promise, overcoming delivery barriers and enhancing understanding of RNA regulatory networks are essential for future success.},
}

@article {pmid42076446,
year = {2026},
author = {Al-Halawani, R and Qassem, M and Kyriacou, PA},
title = {Modelling Skin Pigmentation Using the Monte Carlo Technique: A Review.},
journal = {Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)},
volume = {26},
number = {8},
pages = {},
pmid = {42076446},
issn = {1424-8220},
mesh = {Monte Carlo Method ; *Skin Pigmentation/physiology ; Melanins/metabolism ; Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology/virology ; *Models, Biological ; Computer Simulation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The impact of skin pigmentation on the accuracy of optical biomedical devices has gained increased attention since the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly following evidence of oximetry measurement bias in dark-skinned individuals. Meanwhile, many computational models utilising the Monte Carlo (MC) technique have been developed as a cost-effective and scalable method for investigating these effects. Hence, this review explores the application of the MC technique in modelling skin pigmentation, focusing specifically on how melanin in the epidermis is represented across different studies. First, the biological mechanisms of pigmentation and current stratification methods are outlined to contextualise the variability in skin tone, followed by the principles of MC modelling, including photon scattering, absorption, reflection, and detection. Following a screening and exclusion process, 50 studies were evaluated in terms of how melanin concentration and distribution are incorporated into MC models and their applications, revealing a range of approaches that include analytical equations, experimental optical property measurements, or hybrid methods. The benefits and limitations of each approach is discussed, in addition to emerging advancements such as heterogeneous melanin distribution and the relation between optical properties and skin colour classification scales. Overall, the review outlines the current methodological approaches utilised for skin pigmentation modelling and offers a reference framework for researchers seeking to improve the representation of skin pigmentation in MC-based optical simulations.},
}

Monte Carlo Method
*Skin Pigmentation/physiology
Melanins/metabolism
Humans
COVID-19/epidemiology/virology
*Models, Biological
Computer Simulation
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42077021,
year = {2026},
author = {Maunder, RG and Strudwick, G and Heeney, ND and Lawson, A and Chaukos, D and Margolese, N},
title = {What Nurse Leaders Can Learn From the Pre-Pandemic Literature Regarding Occupational Stress in Hospital-Based Healthcare Workers.},
journal = {Nursing leadership (Toronto, Ont.)},
volume = {38},
number = {4},
pages = {79-91},
doi = {10.12927/cjnl.2026.27822},
pmid = {42077021},
issn = {1929-6355},
mesh = {Humans ; *Occupational Stress/psychology ; COVID-19 ; *Leadership ; *Nurse Administrators/psychology ; Pandemics ; Frontline Workers ; },
abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to identify studies of hospital-based occupational stress prior to the COVID-19 pandemic that can offer lessons to nurse leaders in our current post-pandemic environment. A scoping review was conducted based on the Joanna Briggs Institute framework, including key phases and principles identified by Arksey and O'Malley. Evidence from different disciplines and settings has been relatively siloed. Nurses and doctors have tended to be studied separately using different constructs. Progress in developing more effective interventions to mitigate occupational stress in healthcare may require greater cross-disciplinary collaboration in which nurse leaders are well poised to lead.},
}

Humans
*Occupational Stress/psychology
COVID-19
*Leadership
*Nurse Administrators/psychology
Pandemics
Frontline Workers

@article {pmid42077335,
year = {2025},
author = {Tian, V and Ramlee, F and Hamzah, H and Ng, TS},
title = {Exploring Sleep and Physical Activity among Young Adults Across Asia: A Systematic Literature Review.},
journal = {The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS},
volume = {32},
number = {4},
pages = {106-128},
pmid = {42077335},
issn = {1394-195X},
abstract = {Previous studies have examined the association between sleep and physical activity; however, few have systematically reviewed the studies on young adults in Asia. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically summarise the research on sleep and physical activity among young adults in Asia and critically assess the methodological quality of existing studies. The review process adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, beginning with research question formulation and systematic searches through identification, screening, and eligibility in the Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect databases. Subsequently, the studies underwent quality appraisal, data extraction, and analysis. Thematic analysis organised the findings into three main themes: i) the prevalence of sleep quality and physical activity in Asia; ii) the association between sleep quality and physical activity; and iii) sleep quality and physical activity during the COVID-19 outbreak. These findings reveal a high prevalence of sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality among young adults in Asia, whereas the prevalence of physical activity varies. Moreover, the COVID-19 outbreak negatively affected sleep quality and physical activity. Therefore, proactive measures should be implemented to improve sleep quality and promote physical activity, thereby improving physical and mental health.},
}

@article {pmid42077952,
year = {2026},
author = {He, J and Rameli, MRM},
title = {A systematic review of predictors of college students' subjective well-being: evidence from pre- and post-pandemic literature.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1793063},
pmid = {42077952},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology ; Psychological Well-Being ; Universities ; *COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology ; *Mental Health ; Social Support ; Adaptation, Psychological ; China/epidemiology ; Coping Skills ; Exercise ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the mental health of university populations, necessitating a systematic synthesis of the predictors of subjective well-being among Chinese college students.

METHODS: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, the researchers searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus for peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024, completing the final search on December 30, 2024. Methodological quality was evaluated using design-specific JBI appraisal tools to accommodate the diverse longitudinal, quasi-experimental, qualitative, and cross-sectional methodologies within the sample. The analytic process utilized a two-stage thematic synthesis involving deductive data extraction followed by inductive theme generation to maintain methodological precision.

RESULTS: The final sample included 34 studies comprising 15,301 participants and revealed six primary predictive clusters for well-being, including social support, interpersonal dynamics, physical activity, and individual resilience. Longitudinal and quasi-experimental findings indicate that familial cohesion, leisure crafting, and adaptive coping strategies are sustained predictors of happiness during the post-pandemic recovery phase. Qualitative data further elucidate subjective challenges regarding digital temperance and the construction of self-identity in virtual environments.

CONCLUSION: This study provides an empirical framework to guide higher education administrators and policymakers in developing targeted mental health interventions tailored to evolving academic environments.},
}

Humans
*Students/psychology
Psychological Well-Being
Universities
*COVID-19/psychology/epidemiology
*Mental Health
Social Support
Adaptation, Psychological
China/epidemiology
Coping Skills
Exercise

@article {pmid42079577,
year = {2026},
author = {Xi, H and Li, M and Shen, J and Lin, Y and Wang, B and Yu, Q and Wang, H and Zhao, Y},
title = {COVID-19 vaccination and clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy in cancer patients: a meta-analysis of real-world studies.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1807267},
pmid = {42079577},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; *Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/immunology ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Treatment Outcome ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy, yet treatment responses remain heterogeneous. With the widespread implementation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, uncertainty persists regarding its impact on antitumor efficacy in patients receiving ICIs. While vaccine safety has been extensively studied, the association between COVID-19 vaccination and ICI therapeutic outcomes has not been systematically evaluated.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies examining the association between COVID-19 vaccination and oncologic outcomes in patients treated with ICIs. PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were searched from 2020 to December 31, 2025. Primary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS); secondary outcomes included objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR). Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using random-effects models.

RESULTS: Ten observational studies comprising 4,929 patients receiving ICIs were included. COVID-19 vaccination was associated with significantly improved PFS (pooled HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.48-0.90) and OS (pooled HR = 0.51, 95% CI 0.39-0.66) compared with no vaccination. Vaccinated patients showed numerically higher ORR (pooled OR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.89-3.41) and DCR (pooled OR = 1.74, 95% CI 0.83-3.46), although these differences were not statistically significant. Subgroup analyses by vaccine platform and cancer type yielded consistent associations.

CONCLUSIONS: COVID-19 vaccination is associated with improved survival outcomes in patients receiving ICIs. Although the observational nature of available data warrants cautious interpretation, the consistency of findings and their biological plausibility support the clinical compatibility of vaccination with ICI therapy, but causal or synergistic effects cannot be established from these data. These results reinforce current vaccination recommendations and highlight the need for prospective studies to further elucidate underlying mechanisms and optimize integration with cancer immunotherapy.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD420261277938.},
}

Humans
*Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/therapeutic use
*Neoplasms/drug therapy/mortality/immunology
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Treatment Outcome
Observational Studies as Topic
Vaccination

@article {pmid42079584,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, X and Mai, Z and Sun, L and Deng, L and Tang, M and Li, G and Yang, X},
title = {Respiratory epithelial cells as central mediators of immune crosstalk in SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1799580},
pmid = {42079584},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/pathology ; *SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; *Epithelial Cells/immunology/virology ; *Respiratory Mucosa/immunology/virology ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Renin-Angiotensin System/immunology ; Animals ; Signal Transduction ; Cytokines/immunology ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces life-threatening acute lung injury (ALI) and disrupts immune homeostasis, however, the role of epithelial-immune cell crosstalk in driving this pathology remains incompletely elucidated. Respiratory epithelial cells (RECs) as the primary targets of SARS-CoV-2 via the ACE2 receptor, act as central mediators of immune crosstalk that balances antiviral defense and immunopathology in COVID-19. Beyond forming a physical barrier against pathogen invasion, RECs regulate bidirectional crosstalk with immune cells (including alveolar macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, and lymphocytes) through multiple mechanisms, such as cytokine signaling, antigen presentation, PD-L1 checkpoint modulation, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. Under physiological conditions, these interactions promote viral clearance and epithelial repair; In contrast, dysregulation of such crosstalk leads to excessive inflammatory responses like cytokine storm and impaires tissue regeneration. Elucidating the molecular dynamics underlying REC-immune crosstalk is crucial for gaining insights into the development of targeted therapies (e.g., modulating cytokine signaling, restoring RAAS balance) to mitigate the severity of COVID-19. This review summarized recent findings to clarify how REC-mediated immune crosstalk dictates antiviral responses and pathological outcomes, thereby providing a theoretical basis for optimizing therapeutic strategies that strengthen antiviral immunity while minimizing immunopathology.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/pathology
*SARS-CoV-2/immunology
*Epithelial Cells/immunology/virology
*Respiratory Mucosa/immunology/virology
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
Renin-Angiotensin System/immunology
Animals
Signal Transduction
Cytokines/immunology

@article {pmid42080553,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhang, L and Hoffmann, M and Pöhlmann, S},
title = {Lock out: targeting TMPRSS2 to block influenza and coronaviruses.},
journal = {Journal of virology},
volume = {100},
number = {6},
pages = {e0080725},
pmid = {42080553},
issn = {1098-5514},
support = {101057100//HORIZON EUROPE Health/ ; COFONI 14-76403-184//Niedersächsisches Ministerium für Wissenschaft und Kultur/ ; VIGILANT (101041799)//HORIZON EUROPE Health/ ; TTU 01.829//German Center for Infection Research/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Influenza, Human/drug therapy/virology ; *Influenza A virus/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Animals ; Pandemics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Coronaviruses and influenza A viruses (IAV) can cause severe respiratory disease and have pandemic potential. Both viruses depend on priming of their glycoproteins by host cell proteases for the acquisition of infectivity, and the responsible enzymes represent potential targets for intervention. Initial studies suggested that these viruses may exploit redundant proteolytic systems. However, research conducted over the last two decades has pointed to a key role for a single enzyme in coronavirus and IAV priming, the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2). Interest in TMPRSS2 as a host dependency factor and therapeutic target intensified during the COVID-19 pandemic, prompting extensive investigation into its biology, substrate specificity, and pharmacological inhibition. Here, we review recent efforts to define the role of TMPRSS2 in coronavirus infection and to target this protease for antiviral intervention.},
}

Humans
*Serine Endopeptidases/metabolism/genetics
SARS-CoV-2
*Influenza, Human/drug therapy/virology
*Influenza A virus/drug effects
*Antiviral Agents/pharmacology/therapeutic use
COVID-19
Animals
Pandemics
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism

@article {pmid42081038,
year = {2026},
author = {McGrath, H and Brennan, E and Harmon, D},
title = {The assessment of clinical competence in medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review.},
journal = {Irish journal of medical science},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42081038},
issn = {1863-4362},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic necessitated unprecedented changes to clinical education and assessment. Restrictions on in-person clinical encounters led to rapid adoption of digital assessment modalities, raising concerns about graduate preparedness and the validity of pandemic-adapted assessment approaches. Wojniusz, [40].

OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to: (1) map approaches to assessing clinical competence in medical students during COVID-19; and (2) evaluate the validity, reliability, feasibility, and acceptability of pandemic-adapted assessments.

METHODS: Following Arksey and O'Malley's framework, we systematically searched six databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, ERIC, Google Scholar) for peer-reviewed empirical studies published March 2020-March 2023 examining clinical competence assessment in final-year medical students. Studies were analyzed using Van der Vleuten's utility framework (validity, reliability, feasibility, acceptability) and Miller's Pyramid to categorize competency levels assessed.

RESULTS: From 1,247 references, 13 studies met inclusion criteria, representing 8 countries. Virtual OSCEs were the predominant assessment method (n = 8, 62%). Study designs were predominantly weak: surveys (n = 6), evaluative case studies (n = 4), and observational studies (n = 2), with only three cohort studies providing stronger evidence. Most studies (92%) focused on feasibility and acceptability rather than validity or psychometric properties. Physical examination and procedural skills assessment remained a critical unresolved limitation across all digital modalities. No studies employed generalizability theory or Kane's validity framework.

CONCLUSIONS: A paucity of rigorous research on pandemic-adapted assessment validity exists. Published studies employed weak designs producing non-generalizable findings focused on feasibility over validity. Urgent research priorities include: longitudinal cohort studies comparing pandemic-trained graduates to pre-pandemic cohorts; psychometric validation of hybrid assessment models now institutionalized; application of contemporary validity frameworks to digital assessments; and equity analysis of differential impacts across student populations. The field requires systematic validity evidence before permanently adopting pandemic-adapted approaches.},
}

@article {pmid42081931,
year = {2026},
author = {Basil, B and Eze, OE},
title = {Strengthening laboratory quality through risk-based thinking: Implementation challenges and opportunities in Nigeria.},
journal = {Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry},
volume = {589},
number = {},
pages = {121041},
doi = {10.1016/j.cca.2026.121041},
pmid = {42081931},
issn = {1873-3492},
mesh = {Nigeria ; Humans ; Quality Control ; *Laboratories, Clinical/standards ; *Laboratories/standards ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Medical laboratories in Nigeria are pivotal for national health security but operate under severe infrastructural deficits and a high disease burden. Traditional Quality Control (QC) methods are prevalent but reactive and fail to address the high proportion of errors occurring in pre- and post-analytical phases. This necessitates a strategic shift toward Risk-Based Thinking (RBT) as mandated by the new ISO 15189:2022 standard to bridge the gap between international requirements and local environmental volatility.

OBJECTIVES: This review assesses the current state of laboratory quality in Nigeria and evaluates the applicability of RBT frameworks (ISO 15189:2022 and CLSI EP23) in resource-limited settings. It aims to identify structural and cultural implementation barriers and propose actionable mitigation strategies.

METHODS: This comprehensive narrative review utilized a systematic search strategy across PubMed, Scopus, and AJOL covering 2010-2025. Data from 85 identified sources, including 66 studies selected using a defined criticality matrix, were synthesized using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) framework operationalized with specific quality indicators to contrast regulatory expectations with operational realities.

MAIN TEXT: The sector is polarized, with elite private and donor-funded public laboratories driving accreditation (representing only 26 facilities or < 0.5% of the sector), while the majority struggle with a punitive blame culture, the "Japa" syndrome workforce crisis, and erratic power supply. RBT frameworks like Parvin's Risk Management Index offer tools to quantify these unique environmental risks and enable targeted resource allocation. Case studies from EL-LAB and HVL, alongside adaptive lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrate that RBT facilitates resilience by scientifically validating investments in solar energy and staff competence to mitigate local hazards.

CONCLUSION: Transitioning to RBT is critical for Nigerian laboratories to move from reactive compliance to proactive resilience. By managing risks like power instability and supply chain volatility, laboratories can effectively optimize scarce resources through data-driven mitigation to ensure patient safety.},
}

Nigeria
Humans
Quality Control
*Laboratories, Clinical/standards
*Laboratories/standards

@article {pmid42083745,
year = {2026},
author = {Hussain, SR and El Sahly, HM},
title = {Novel vaccine platforms for respiratory viruses: a review of licensed vaccines and candidates in late-stage development.},
journal = {Expert review of vaccines},
volume = {25},
number = {1},
pages = {2667742},
doi = {10.1080/14760584.2026.2667742},
pmid = {42083745},
issn = {1744-8395},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccine Development ; *Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Animals ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; *Viral Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/immunology ; Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology ; Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; Adenoviridae/genetics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Respiratory infections with influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and SARS-CoV-2 are a major cause of global mortality. Vaccination is a cornerstone of disease prevention, though traditional platforms face challenges. Recently, several vaccines utilizing mRNA and adenovirus platforms were brought to the market, with additional vaccines undergoing Phase 3 clinical testing.

AREAS COVERED: This review assesses vaccine literature primarily from 2020 to the present, using National Library of Medicine databases. The rapidity of mRNA technology was tested and implemented successfully during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since then, the mRNA RSV vaccine has been licensed as well. mRNA platforms also offer the ability of combining antigens for multivalent vaccines against multiple pathogens. Several combination products have been used in phase III clinical trials. Adenovirus-vectored vaccines for respiratory viruses have the added advantage of mucosal-based delivery and inducing a potentially stronger local immune response. However, both of these platforms have immunogenicity and safety shortcomings.

EXPERT OPINION: Novel respiratory virus vaccine platforms have demonstrated their importance with both endemic and pandemic pathogens, because of decades of concerted efforts and investment in research. Expediting future vaccine development requires a continuation of these efforts with a focus on pre-clinical models and a better understanding of correlates of protection.},
}

Humans
*Vaccine Development
*Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/prevention & control/immunology
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Animals
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
*Viral Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control/immunology
Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
Influenza Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
Adenoviridae/genetics

@article {pmid42083839,
year = {2026},
author = {Godart, N and Cruanès, T and Hirot, F and Huas, C},
title = {[Eating disorders].},
journal = {La Revue du praticien},
volume = {76},
number = {4},
pages = {433-440},
pmid = {42083839},
issn = {2101-017X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Eating disorders (EDs) are very frequent and are increasing since the Covid-19 pandemic. They include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, avoidance and restriction disorders and their subsyndromic forms. EDs affect people of all ages, they generate somatic, psychiatric and social complications. Early diagnosis and appropriate care can considerably improve the prognosis. Unfortunately, these disorders steel underdiagnosed and the specialized care pathway available are not well known. After describing eating disorders, the article outlines elements for identification and initial assessment, and discusses the main lines of treatment, which must be multidisciplinary, coordinated, gradual and tailored to each individual.},
}

Humans
*Feeding and Eating Disorders/therapy/diagnosis/epidemiology
COVID-19/epidemiology
Anorexia Nervosa/diagnosis/therapy/epidemiology

@article {pmid42084832,
year = {2026},
author = {Venkataraman, A and Joseph, NH and Sadanandan, G and Balasubramanian, S},
title = {Navigating the Challenges of Implementing Tuberculosis Research During COVID-19 Pandemic: Insights from the Pediatric Tuberculosis-Moderate Acute Malnutrition Study.},
journal = {Indian pediatrics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42084832},
issn = {0974-7559},
support = {BT/RLF/Re-entry/69/2017//Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India/ ; },
abstract = {Clinical research involving children presents significant challenges due to physiological, ethical, regulatory, and practical considerations unique to this vulnerable population. These intrinsic challenges were amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic, which substantially disrupted pediatric research and child health services. The pandemic exposed critical ethical, operational, and communicative tensions, especially with respect to informed consent, caregiver trust, and safe research implementation. Examining these intersecting challenges can improve and strengthen pediatric research to remain ethically robust and child-centred in the event of future public health crises.},
}

@article {pmid42085748,
year = {2026},
author = {Tuite, AR and Forbes, N and Salvadori, MI and Tunis, M},
title = {Cost-effectiveness of ongoing COVID-19 vaccination in the context of high population immunity: A structured review of international economic evidence.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {83},
number = {},
pages = {128660},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2026.128660},
pmid = {42085748},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cost-Benefit Analysis ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/economics/immunology/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/economics/administration & dosage/immunology ; Cost-Effectiveness Analysis ; *Vaccination/economics ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Female ; Child ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: In the context of ongoing SARS-CoV-2 circulation and high population immunity, jurisdictions face decisions about which population groups should receive ongoing annual vaccination. Economic evaluations are increasingly central to these deliberations but the growing body of global cost-effectiveness evidence has not been synthesized.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize cost-effectiveness evidence for COVID-19 vaccination from 2023 onwards, organized by population groups of policy relevance.

METHODS: We conducted a structured literature search in December 2025 across MEDLINE, Embase, and EconLit, supplemented by grey literature searches of National Immunization Technical Advisory Group (NITAG) websites. From 644 screened references, 21 studies met inclusion criteria: economic evaluations of COVID-19 vaccination from 2023 onwards reporting cost-effectiveness of annual vaccination compared to no additional vaccination in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) or disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Results were synthesized by population group.

RESULTS: Annual COVID-19 vaccination was economically favourable for older adults (≥60-65 years) across all 18 contributing studies spanning 12 countries and using diverse analytic approaches. For individuals with underlying conditions or comorbidities, results were more variable, with cost-effectiveness depending on age, specific conditions, and vaccine price. Vaccination of healthy working-age adults (3 of 4 studies) and children (2 of 3 studies) was generally unfavourable at standard cost-effectiveness thresholds. Limited evidence was identified for healthcare workers and no economic evaluations from 2023 onwards were identified for pregnancy. The evidence base was geographically concentrated in high-income countries, with approximately half of included studies reporting industry funding. Sequential US economic evaluations demonstrated progressive declines in cost-effectiveness as disease burden decreased over time.

CONCLUSIONS: The economic evidence supports a risk-stratified approach to COVID-19 vaccination, with the strongest economic value observed for older adults and individuals with comorbidities. Cost-effectiveness is dynamic, sensitive to disease burden, vaccine price, and population characteristics, and should be reassessed regularly as epidemiological conditions evolve.},
}

Humans
*Cost-Benefit Analysis
*COVID-19/prevention & control/economics/immunology/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Vaccines/economics/administration & dosage/immunology
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
*Vaccination/economics
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Quality-Adjusted Life Years
Disability-Adjusted Life Years
Middle Aged
Aged
Female
Child
Adult

@article {pmid42085825,
year = {2026},
author = {Ambade, PN and Zimmerman, C and Haddad, C and Koperski, C and Rashid, G and Kafri, A and Yazdani, F and Renirie, RH and Pruitt, D and MacKinnon, NJ},
title = {Updating knowledge on existing approaches on advanced care planning interventions: An umbrella review.},
journal = {Archives of gerontology and geriatrics},
volume = {148},
number = {},
pages = {106255},
doi = {10.1016/j.archger.2026.106255},
pmid = {42085825},
issn = {1872-6976},
mesh = {Humans ; *Advance Care Planning/organization & administration ; *Terminal Care ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Aged ; Palliative Care ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: Advanced care planning (ACP) can reduce hospitalizations, increase quality of life, and align treatment with patient wishes, while lowering healthcare costs. However, healthcare providers' discomfort, lack of training, and patient anxiety may hinder ACP. Furthermore, disparities exist among minority and low-income groups. Growing research highlights the need for standardized definitions and broader implementation, especially post-COVID-19, incorporating digital tools, economic impacts, ethics, and family roles to improve ACP worldwide.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to update and synthesize knowledge from all published systematic reviews from the past ten years, focusing on ACP-related interventions.

METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search across PubMed, Cochrane, and Scopus, including only English-language, peer-reviewed systematic reviews published between 2015 and 2025. We employed rigorous screening, dual-reviewer validation, and quality-assessment tools, and synthesized evidence on intervention effectiveness across diverse populations and settings to identify effective ACP strategies.

RESULTS: Of the deduplicated 7513 records, 61 reviews met the inclusion criteria. For older adult patients, structured conversations reduce unnecessary aggressive treatments and align end-of-life care with preferences. Among racial groups, peer support and palliative consultations boost ACP completion. Patient-centric interventions include video decision aids and web tools, whereas provider-centric interventions include conversation guides, reminder systems, electronic coordination platforms, and facilitator training.

CONCLUSION: ACP is an ongoing process tailored to patient preferences, requiring efforts to address stigmatized conversations, especially in minority communities and severe illnesses. Emphasis on research into digital tools, policy incentives, infrastructure, and family support is essential. Bridging research and practice will improve outcomes and patient-centered end-of-life care.

KEY MESSAGE: This article describes an umbrella review of 61 systematic reviews on advanced care planning-related interventions. The analysis indicates that the reviews covered interventions focusing on both facility and community-based individuals and had a specific population or disease focus. The articles covered both patient and provider-centric interventions.},
}

Humans
*Advance Care Planning/organization & administration
*Terminal Care
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Aged
Palliative Care
SARS-CoV-2
Quality of Life

@article {pmid42086298,
year = {2026},
author = {Stark, L and Noble, DJ and Meinhart, M and Erhardt-Ohren, B and Karmin, S and Poulton, C and Sarraf, D and Bustreo, F and Seff, I},
title = {A systematic review of infectious disease outbreaks and violence against women and girls: changes in magnitude, mechanisms and lessons for the future.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {11},
number = {5},
pages = {},
pmid = {42086298},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data ; *Violence/statistics & numerical data ; },
abstract = {Infectious disease outbreaks (outbreaks) are increasing across the globe due to climate change, urbanisation and changes in land use, and many of their response measures impact risk factors for violence against women and girls (VAWG). We conducted a systematic review to consolidate existing evidence on the impact of any outbreaks, and their public health responses, on the change in magnitude of VAWG and mechanisms facilitating violence among women and girls in low-income and middle-income countries. Though our search strategy aimed to capture studies from any outbreak since 2014, all quantitative evidence on VAWG impacts, and all but one qualitative study, focused on the COVID-19 pandemic, and only three studies disaggregated outcomes for women versus girls. Overall, our synthesis of the evidence points to increased VAWG during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with pre-pandemic levels. We identified five broad mechanisms through which violence occurred against women and girls: (1) income loss due to economic shutdown, financial insecurity, and/or job loss, (2) movement restrictions, (3) changes in access to public services, (4) fear of exposure to infectious disease, and (5) a legacy of mistrust in health systems from previous outbreaks. Our study demonstrates the novelty of VAWG monitoring during outbreaks, the need for increased surveillance and the known mechanisms to date through which VAWG may be perpetrated during outbreaks. By implementing both short-term protective measures and long-term structural reforms, outbreak responses may not only break the cycle of VAWG exacerbated by public health emergencies but build resilient systems that protect women, girls and marginalised populations before, during and after crises.},
}

Humans
Female
COVID-19/epidemiology
*Disease Outbreaks
Pandemics
SARS-CoV-2
*Gender-Based Violence/statistics & numerical data
*Violence/statistics & numerical data

@article {pmid42086867,
year = {2026},
author = {Elahi, S},
title = {Immune regulation by erythroid cells: how erythroid progenitor cells and mature red blood cells shape immunity.},
journal = {Nature reviews. Immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42086867},
issn = {1474-1741},
abstract = {Once considered to be passive oxygen carriers, erythroid cells are now recognized as dynamic modulators of immune responses. Erythroid progenitors and precursors, collectively known as CD71[+] erythroid cells, can suppress innate and adaptive immune responses in neonates, in mothers during pregnancy, in chronic conditions such as cancer and autoimmunity, and during infection with viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and HIV. Mature red blood cells engage pathogens directly, scavenge chemokines, cytokines and nucleic acids, and modulate immune functions through redox buffering and receptor-mediated interactions. The immune effects of red blood cells are highly context dependent, ranging from suppression to activation. This Review highlights the emerging field of erythroid-immune crosstalk and its translational potential in the settings of infection, cancer, pregnancy and chronic inflammatory conditions.},
}

@article {pmid42087099,
year = {2026},
author = {Varmazyar, S},
title = {Smartphone use and related factors with hand pain among university students: a systematic review.},
journal = {BMC musculoskeletal disorders},
volume = {27},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42087099},
issn = {1471-2474},
mesh = {Humans ; *Smartphone ; *Students ; Universities ; *Hand/physiopathology ; Risk Factors ; *Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: University students often use smartphones for daily tasks, which can lead to awkward posture and musculoskeletal pain in the hand, wrist, and fingers due to prolonged use. This review aims to investigate the relationship between smartphone use and hand pain among university students.

METHODS: For this review, we collected and analyzed original English-language articles published between 2014 and 2024. Keywords were selected from the MeSH database. We excluded review articles, books, letters, reports, and other non-original sources, as well as studies that focused on mobile phones or populations other than university students and smartphone users. Additionally, articles addressing pain in other body parts, injuries, and complications from smartphone use, as well as those published during the COVID-19 pandemic, were also omitted. We utilized various keyword combinations related to "university", "students", "smartphone use", "addiction", "overuse", "hand", "pain", "musculoskeletal pain", "wrist", "fingers", "thumb", "risk factors", "characteristics", and "posture" in the search, along with the use of "AND", "OR", or no conjunctions, and the use of quotation marks for one, two, or a few keywords. Literature was obtained from databases such as Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. A total of 18 studies were selected from 390 primary literature sources, following the PRISMA framework.

RESULTS: A total of 393 articles were found in the initial search. Duplicate articles were removed, leaving 259 that were examined according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. After assessing the relevance of titles and abstracts, screening, and qualitatively evaluating journals, 18 articles were included in the study. Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey had the highest number of articles (n = 3 or 16.6% of articles). The age group investigated was 18 to 26 years old. Based on the identified risk factors, the articles were discussed in three groups: (1) role of smartphone duration, addiction, and hand pain (83.3% of studies investigated the duration of smartphone use, while 38.8% surveyed smartphone addiction), (2) the effect of smartphone holding posture on the hand and hand pain (38.8% of studies), and (3) the relation of smartphone physical characteristics to hand pain (27.7% of studies). Daily usage duration ranged from less than or equal to 4 h/day (53.2%) to 7 h or more (73.9%). The reported range of smartphone addiction among students was between 15.9% and 66.6%. The reported prevalence of wrist, hand, and thumb pain was 19.2% to 68.7%. Between 14.75% and 41% of students use their right hand to hold smartphones and type with their right thumb, while 24% to 77.79% use both hands and both thumbs. The size and weight of smartphones can predict hand pain.

CONCLUSIONS: The amount of time spent using a smartphone, how it is held, how long it has been owned, smartphone addiction, holding posture, frequent thumb movements, preferred hand position, screen size, weight of the smartphone, and smartphone -related the purpose of usage are all risk factors that can lead to pain in the hand, wrist, palm, thumb, and other fingers.},
}

Humans
*Smartphone
*Students
Universities
*Hand/physiopathology
Risk Factors
*Musculoskeletal Pain/epidemiology/etiology

@article {pmid42087263,
year = {2026},
author = {Wogick, L and Goyal, SM},
title = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: a model for coronavirus persistence and immune escape in intensive livestock systems.},
journal = {Porcine health management},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42087263},
issn = {2055-5660},
abstract = {Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is an enteric alphacoronavirus that has shifted from a sporadic regional pathogen to a worldwide, persistent virus, despite years of vaccination, biosecurity measures, and monitoring. Since the early 1970s, PEDV has shown strong genetic flexibility, the ability to evade immunity, survive in the environment, and spread quickly through connected livestock networks. Major outbreaks in Asia, Europe, and North America, especially the 2013-2014 outbreak in the United States, have revealed key weaknesses in traditional control methods for enteric coronaviruses, especially those that depend on systemic immunization. In this review, we bring together over fifty years of PEDV research to look at how viral evolution, mucosal immune responses, and livestock production systems work together to keep the virus circulating. We point out that changes in the spike gene, including recombination and deletions, along with changes in other viral genes, affect disease severity, immune system recognition of the virus, and the inability of vaccines to provide protection. We also stress the key role of lactogenic immunity and the gut-mammary-secretory IgA system in protecting newborn animals, which helps explain why vaccine inoculations have not been effective in stopping the spread of enteric coronaviruses. By combining evidence from molecular, immune, epidemiological, and systems research, we suggest that PEDV is a strong example for studying how coronaviruses persist under immune pressure in managed animal groups. Using a One Health approach, this review encourages moving away from only reacting to outbreaks and instead focusing on ongoing, genome-based management of coronaviruses in livestock operations.},
}

@article {pmid42087622,
year = {2026},
author = {Lorusso, R and De Piero, ME and Mariani, S and Ravaux, JM and Nardelli, P and Jacobs, JP and Guarracino, F and Patroniti, N and van Bussel, BCT and van der Horst, ICC and Taccone, FS and Heinsar, S and Shekar, K and Yamashita, MH and Obonyo, NG and Ciullo, AL and Riera, J and Dalton, H and Wang, A and Zaaqoq, AM and MacLaren, G and Ramanathan, K and Suen, JY and Li Bassi, G and Sato, K and Fraser, JF and Peek, GJ and Arora, RC and , },
title = {Hemodynamic monitoring during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A scoping review.},
journal = {Perfusion},
volume = {41},
number = {1_suppl},
pages = {95S-109S},
doi = {10.1177/02676591261429826},
pmid = {42087622},
issn = {1477-111X},
support = {//The Bill and Melinda Gate Foundation/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods ; *Hemodynamic Monitoring/methods ; *Hemodynamics ; },
abstract = {BackgroundIn adult patients receiving veno-venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VV ECMO), cardiovascular performance plays a critical role in determining oxygen delivery, organ perfusion and safe titration of extracorporeal support. Despite the increasing VV ECMO use, contemporary guidance on hemodynamic monitoring remains limited and largely experience-based. This scoping review aimed to map available basic and advanced monitoring approaches and to identify current evidence gaps.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from inception until September 2025, along with reference lists of relevant articles. We included studies of any design reporting techniques, targets, or protocols for hemodynamic monitoring during VV ECMO.ResultsOf 465 records screened, 106 met inclusion criteria. No protocolized, evidence-based hemodynamic monitoring protocol specific to VV ECMO was identified. The available evidence was heterogeneous and mostly derived from physiologic studies or single-center observational cohorts. Findings were narratively synthesized across three domains: basic bedside monitoring, diagnostic/prognostic tools and advanced assessment of cardiopulmonary interaction. Across studies, no monitoring strategy consistently reduced time-to-wean or mortality. Observational data suggested that care bundles and multidisciplinary approaches may reduce complications. However, the risk of bias limits causal inference.ConclusionsDespite the complex interaction between native cardiovascular function and extracorporeal circulation, VV ECMO lacks consensus on evidence-based hemodynamic monitoring pathways. A pragmatic core monitoring bundle with tiered triggers for escalation is necessary. Future priorities include implementation models based on multidisciplinary teams, specific training, standardized bundles, and multicenter studies aimed to define right ventricular-centered targets to improve safety and clinical decision-making.},
}

Humans
*Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods
*Hemodynamic Monitoring/methods
*Hemodynamics

@article {pmid42087798,
year = {2026},
author = {Rosca, EC and Oke, J and Jefferson, T and Brassey, J and Onakpoya, I and Plüddemann, A and Gandini, S and Maltoni, S and Evans, D and Conly, J and Heneghan, C},
title = {Serial cycle threshold to assess the infectious potential of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review.},
journal = {Epidemiology and infection},
volume = {154},
number = {},
pages = {e89},
pmid = {42087798},
issn = {1469-4409},
support = {//University of Calgary/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/transmission/virology/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {We sought to assess predictive factors for SARS-CoV-2 infectiousness using a meta-analytic approach. We searched LitCovid, medRxiv, Google Scholar, and the WHO COVID-19 database until June 30 2025, including studies which cultured SARS-CoV-2, relating them to clinico-epidemiologic and laboratory variables and RT-PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values. Using linear mixed-effects regression models, we tested for independent associations with Ct values with 95%CIs and adjusted P-values in a multivariable model. We used a modified QUADAS criteria to assess risk-of-bias. We included 50 studies, with 39 in quantitative synthesis. The percentage of culture-positive specimens decreased with increasing Ct values (subgroup test difference Q = 96.71;P < 0.001) and time since the first PCR test (Q = 26.95;P = 0.0026). Presence of symptoms (Q = 20.1;P < 0.01), gene platform used (Q = 14.89;P = 0.002), being a cancer patient (Q = 24.9;P < 0.0001), and vaccination status (Q = 8.80;P = 0.012) were associated with increased culture-positivity, whereas a rising Ct (adjusted Ct change -6.58[95%CI] -5.30, -7.86;P < 0.001) was strongly associated with culture-negativity. Analysing 186 immunocompetent patients with 1,393 Ct values, 2 consecutive Cts ≥ 30 or a rising Ct value on serial testing demonstrated a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 96.3% using culture positivity as the outcome. Serial Ct monitoring, integrated with clinico-epidemiologic data is a valuable tool for assessing infectiousness, providing objective criteria for discontinuing isolation and guiding clinical decisions.},
}

Humans
*SARS-CoV-2/genetics/isolation & purification/pathogenicity
*COVID-19/diagnosis/transmission/virology/epidemiology

@article {pmid42088248,
year = {2026},
author = {Biscaldi, V and Guerini, J and Ghelfi, M and Velasco, V},
title = {Instruments used to measure well-being, ill-being, and health-related lifestyle behaviors in students attending Italian universities: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1787567},
pmid = {42088248},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Italy ; Universities ; Psychological Well-Being ; *Life Style ; *Health Behavior ; Female ; *Health Status ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Male ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The well-being of university students is increasingly recognized as a critical public health issue, influenced by complex interactions among psychological, behavioral, and contextual factors. Despite growing research, measurement tools often lack standardization and contextual specificity, limiting the understanding of students' health. This review aimed to map and critically analyze instruments assessing well-being, ill-being, and health-related lifestyle behaviors among Italian university students, as well as the associated variables, including risk and protective factors.

METHODS: The systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and included peer-reviewed studies published from 2010 onward, identified across five databases: Scopus, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, ERIC, and Web of Science. A structured data extraction process was applied to collect information on sample characteristics, health-related outcomes, and associated variables (protective and risk factors). Descriptive statistics were used to synthesize frequencies, proportions, and distributions of measurement instruments and constructs across the included studies.

RESULTS: A total of 223 studies were included. Samples were largely non-probabilistic and female-biased. Ill-being measures appeared exclusively in 66.3% of the studies, while 7.9% focused on well-being, and 25.8% included both. A total of 159 instruments assessing well-being and ill-being were identified. Of these, the majority measured ill-being (118 instruments), followed by instruments assessing well-being (28), and a smaller number addressing both constructs (13). In addition, 154 instruments measuring lifestyle were identified. Lifestyle behaviors were measured in a fragmented, health-risk-oriented manner, often lacking contextual influences. Individual predictors (130) were prioritized over relational and environmental factors (53). Few instruments were tailored specifically to university students, and many studies used non-validated or ad hoc tools, especially those developed during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DISCUSSION: Findings highlight the need for standardized, validated, and context-sensitive instruments to assess student health holistically.},
}

Humans
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Italy
Universities
Psychological Well-Being
*Life Style
*Health Behavior
Female
*Health Status
Surveys and Questionnaires
Male

@article {pmid42088258,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, H and Chen, S and Fang, Z and Ma, Y and Xu, Y and Dong, G},
title = {The "two-hit" storm: a hyper-inflammatory endotype in pediatric long COVID and its role in the severity of secondary bacterial pneumonia-a mechanistic review and clinical implications.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1782871},
pmid = {42088258},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/immunology/complications ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology ; Child ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *Inflammation/immunology ; Community-Acquired Pneumonia ; Severity of Illness Index ; },
abstract = {Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the clinical patterns of pediatric respiratory infections have undergone significant changes, with increasing attention on the immunological imprint left by Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), commonly known as Long COVID. A perplexing clinical phenomenon has been observed: some children with a history of Long COVID exhibit a disproportionately severe inflammatory response and extensive lung injury when encountering common community-acquired pneumonia, such as that caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, inconsistent with their pathogen load. This review aims to dissect this phenomenon and proposes the "Immune Priming and Two-Hit" model as its core pathophysiological framework. This model posits that the Long COVID state constitutes the "first hit," establishing a "primed" or "hyper-reactive" immune baseline through viral persistence, trained immunity-induced monocyte reprogramming, and sustained endothelial dysfunction. Upon the "second hit" of a bacterial infection, this primed immune system triggers a dysregulated, synergistically amplified inflammatory cascade. The mechanisms involve the exponential release of cytokines such as Interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α), inflammation-mediated immunothrombosis, and excessive activation of Neutrophil Extracellular Trap formation (NETosis), ultimately leading to severe outcomes like Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and necrotizing pneumonia. Consequently, identifying and defining this "Hyper-inflammatory endotype" is of critical clinical importance. We define it as an "endotype" to emphasize the distinct, host-determined pathophysiological mechanisms underlying it, rather than merely a collection of clinical manifestations. By monitoring biomarkers such as ferritin, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and lymphocyte counts, clinicians may be able to perform early risk stratification of these children. This approach not only facilitates a shift in therapeutic strategy from purely antimicrobial therapy to "host-directed therapy"-emphasizing the necessity of early, adequate corticosteroid use and consideration of anticoagulation-but also provides a new theoretical basis and intervention window for preventing long-term sequelae such as pulmonary fibrosis.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/immunology/complications
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Pneumonia, Bacterial/immunology
Child
SARS-CoV-2
*Inflammation/immunology
Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Severity of Illness Index

@article {pmid42088527,
year = {2026},
author = {Focosi, D and Franchini, M and Casadevall, A},
title = {On the Use of Immunoglobulins for Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Against COVID-19 in Immunocompromised Patients.},
journal = {Infection and drug resistance},
volume = {19},
number = {},
pages = {540925},
pmid = {42088527},
issn = {1178-6973},
abstract = {COVID-19 remains a cause of significant mortality and morbidity for immunocompromised patients. In the current absence of effective monoclonal antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, standard commercial intravenous/subcutaneous immunoglobulin (IVIG/SCIG) lots provide an option for passive immunotherapy since these now consistently contain SARS-CoV-2-reactive antibodies. Strong mechanistic considerations and emerging observational data support the use of IVIG/SCIG as a biologically plausible option for COVID-19 pre-exposure prophylaxis (PreEP) in immunocompromised patients. In this review, we summarize the supporting evidence available and consider optimal use cases. Neutralization capacity against Omicron lineages is consistently reduced and highly variable between lots, and there is an intrinsic several-month lag between donor immunity and product infusion. The available information in literature sources consistently reflects the use of standard replacement dosing of IVIG/SCIG and does not systematically analyze COVID-19-specific safety or outcomes with dose intensification. While the available evidence suggests that IVIG/SCIG may be effective in PreEP, without dedicated randomized or well-controlled human trials, the magnitude of clinical benefit from this intervention remains uncertain, especially against contemporary Omicron sublineages.},
}

@article {pmid42091413,
year = {2026},
author = {Abbehausen, C},
title = {"Metal-based compounds in antiviral and Antiparasitic research: Mechanistic insights from HIV NCp7 and leishmaniasis case studies".},
journal = {Journal of inorganic biochemistry},
volume = {281},
number = {},
pages = {113341},
doi = {10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2026.113341},
pmid = {42091413},
issn = {1873-3344},
mesh = {Humans ; *Leishmaniasis/drug therapy ; *gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry ; *Antiparasitic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *HIV-1/drug effects ; *Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; *HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Animals ; Zinc Fingers ; *Coordination Complexes/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; },
abstract = {Metallodrugs have long occupied a significant position in medicinal chemistry, yet their application to infectious diseases has historically lagged the extensive development observed in cancer therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic, together with the increased spread of parasitic diseases driven by climate change and human migration, has renewed interest in metal-based compounds as antiviral and antiparasitic agents. These efforts have been further enabled by advances in computational modeling and mechanistic analysis, allowing rational design strategies that extend beyond in vitro drug screening. This focused review traces a coherent body of work, including studies developed by our research group, illustrating how fundamental coordination chemistry principles can be progressively integrated to address infectious disease challenges. Viral molecular targets, exemplified by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7, a zinc finger protein essential for multiple stages of retroviral replication, demonstrate how combined spectroscopic, mass-spectrometric, and computational approaches enable molecular-level understanding of metal-mediated zinc finger inhibition. Similar principles have been extended to neglected and emerging viral pathogens, including arboviruses such as Zika and chikungunya, where metal-based compounds can be modulated to interfere with different steps of replication cycle. In contrast, kinetoplastids such as Leishmania spp. present a complex intracellular environment in which the biological activity of metal complexes is governed predominantly by redox perturbation, disruption of thiol-dependent metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. By following a continuous methodological and conceptual progression from drug-screening to mechanistic approach and in vivo models, this review highlights this transition and underscores the potential of metallodrugs in infectious disease agents.},
}

Humans
*Leishmaniasis/drug therapy
*gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/metabolism/antagonists & inhibitors/chemistry
*Antiparasitic Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*HIV-1/drug effects
*Antiviral Agents/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use
*HIV Infections/drug therapy
Animals
Zinc Fingers
*Coordination Complexes/chemistry/pharmacology/therapeutic use

@article {pmid42091717,
year = {2026},
author = {Amal, HM and Mohamed, AMG and Abdel-Halim, MO and Hassan, MS and Khorshid, OA and Osman, WA},
title = {Exploring the long-term hydroxychloroquine's effects on COVID-19 outcomes in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {European journal of clinical pharmacology},
volume = {82},
number = {6},
pages = {},
pmid = {42091717},
issn = {1432-1041},
mesh = {Humans ; *Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use/administration & dosage ; *Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy/mortality/complications ; COVID-19/mortality ; *COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Treatment Outcome ; Pandemics ; Observational Studies as Topic ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) usage in COVID patients was a popular topic of study, especially during the first wave of the pandemic. However, the long-term impact of HCQ therapy on infected COVID-19 patients remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES: Holding a PROSPERO registration (CRD42025113906), this study aimed to investigate the impact of long-term treatment with HCQ in patients with autoimmune diseases on mortality, as well as on the development of disease-related complications.

METHODS: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases. Full-text reports were included for clinical trials and observational studies on adult patients with autoimmune disease and confirmed COVID-19 infection subjected to HCQ therapy.

RESULTS: The search process has identified 1,126 studies, of which 17 observational studies were included.No randomized controlled trials meeting the inclusion criteria were found. Eligible studies involved 229,142 autoimmune patients treated with HCQ, of which 197,118 patients were diagnosed with COVID-19. In 14 observational studies (196,965 patients), HCQ use was associated with a lower overall mortality rate by 21% in patients with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19 (RR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.64-0.97, p = 0.02). This association may reflect a potential survival benefit; however, given the observational nature of the studies included, causal inference cannot be established, and the findings should be interpreted cautiously. There was no significant difference between HCQ-treated patients and untreated patients regarding hospitalization (12 studies with 2,238 patients included), ICU admission (8 studies with 527 patients included), mechanical ventilation (8 studies with 546 patients included), sepsis (2 studies with 132 patients included), or thrombo-embolic events rates (2 studies with 195 patients included) (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.75- 1.14; p = 0.46), (RR 1.45; 95% CI; 0.82- 2.56, p = 0.2) and (RR 1.28; 95% CI; 0.68- 2.4, p = 0.44), (RR 1.44; 95% CI; 0.57 - 3.65, p = 0.44), (RR 0.89; 95% CI; 0.16-4.97, p = 0.89), respectively. Nonetheless, the incidence of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in 2 studies (136 patients) was higher in HCQ-treated groups compared to the untreated groups (RR 2.31; 95% CI; 1.29-4.12, p = 0.0047).

CONCLUSION: HCQ was associated with a significantly lower overall mortality rate in patients with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19; this association is consistent with its known immunomodulatory properties. On the other hand, it does not prevent COVID-19-related complications and could be associated with an increased risk for developing AKI. However, given the observational nature of all included studies, causal inference cannot be established. Future research is needed to confirm these observed survival benefits and to establish clear safety parameters regarding renal toxicity.},
}

Humans
*Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use/administration & dosage
*Autoimmune Diseases/drug therapy/mortality/complications
COVID-19/mortality
*COVID-19 Drug Treatment
SARS-CoV-2
Treatment Outcome
Pandemics
Observational Studies as Topic

@article {pmid42091820,
year = {2026},
author = {Syed, P and Schembri, MA and McCann, AJ and Meunier, FA},
title = {Case Study: Illuminating the Nanoscale World of Microbiology.},
journal = {Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)},
volume = {3034},
number = {},
pages = {303-327},
pmid = {42091820},
issn = {1940-6029},
mesh = {*Microscopy/methods ; *Bacteria/ultrastructure/metabolism ; Single Molecule Imaging/methods ; Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Nanotechnology/methods ; Software ; },
abstract = {Super-resolution microscopy has emerged as a groundbreaking tool in microbiology, enabling the visualization of structures and molecules far below the diffraction limit of light. We provide an overview of the various techniques employed in super-resolution microscopy, including deterministic (scanning and structured illumination) and stochastic (single-molecule localization microscopy and fluctuation-based computation) methods, summarizing their respective advantages and limitations. Applications in microbiology are presented, including investigations of cellular processes, physiology, cell wall biology, and elucidation of bacterial toxin pathogenesis mechanisms at nanoscale resolution. New and emerging uses of super-resolution microscopy are also explored, focusing on addressing critical challenges in the field: pathogen-host interactions, antibiotic resistance, mode of action of bacterial toxins, and nanoscale detail of bacterial secretion systems and their translocated effectors. With the expanding accessibility of resources and increasing availability of open-source software to democratize data analysis, super-resolution microscopy is poised to revolutionize our understanding of the nanoscale world in microbiology, paving the way for new discoveries.},
}

*Microscopy/methods
*Bacteria/ultrastructure/metabolism
Single Molecule Imaging/methods
Microscopy, Fluorescence/methods
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Nanotechnology/methods
Software

@article {pmid42091825,
year = {2026},
author = {Gerdes, R and Roberts, R and Jackson, TD and Premji, R and Deibert, D and Choi, C and Steer, KJD and Bani-Fatemi, A and Dennett, L and Lytvyak, E and Ferguson-Pell, M and Tsuyuki, R and Durand-Moreau, Q and Gross, DP and Hagtvedt, R and Vandermeer, B and Nowrouzi-Kia, B and Straube, S},
title = {Telehealth Treatments of Common Psychological Disorders: An Overview and Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of occupational rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42091825},
issn = {1573-3688},
abstract = {PURPOSE: The evidence base for telehealth treatments for mental health has grown substantially in the years following the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a narrative synthesis and meta-analysis of reviews investigating the efficacy of live, one-to-one telehealth interventions for common mental disorders.

METHODS: We conducted a search for systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials or controlled before-and-after studies. Two independent reviewers screened potentially eligible references and extracted data from all eligible reviews. A meta-regression was conducted with reviews containing data suitable for quantitative analysis. A narrative synthesis of results was undertaken for included reviews that did not contain suitable quantitative data.

RESULTS: The search yielded 4180 references, from which 11 eligible reviews were identified. Seven systematic reviews with meta-analyses were included in the meta-regression. Only telehealth interventions for depression and anxiety disorders were identified in the eligible literature. A small significant effect was observed for interventions targeting depression and comparing to active control, where SMD = - 0.316, and p = 0.003.

CONCLUSIONS: The results of the meta-regression and narrative synthesis indicate that live one-to-one telehealth produces similar reductions in symptom severity across diagnoses and comparator groups. We identified that most of the research on telehealth for common mental disorders includes low-intensity, self-help tools with reduced clinician involvement, highlighting that much of the research conducted in this area aims at providing care at reduced cost, despite the importance of therapeutic alliance in the provision of mental health care. Investigations of telehealth interventions targeting posttraumatic stress disorder in non-military populations are also needed.},
}

@article {pmid42093970,
year = {2026},
author = {Qiu, W and Wang, S and Huang, Y and Xu, N and Yang, J and Wu, H},
title = {Global research trends and future frontiers in the immunology of spontaneous abortion: a 25-year scientometric analysis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1753732},
pmid = {42093970},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology ; Pregnancy ; *Bibliometrics ; *Allergy and Immunology/trends ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The intricate role of the immune system in spontaneous abortion is a critical and rapidly evolving field of reproductive medicine.

METHODS: We conducted a scientometric analysis of 4,495 publications on the immunology of spontaneous abortion retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection for the period 2000-2025. Bibliometric tools, including CiteSpace and HistCite, were used to analyze publication trends, collaboration networks, co-citation patterns, and keyword evolution to identify the intellectual structure and research frontiers.

RESULTS: The annual publication output experienced rapid growth from 2008, peaking in 2022. The American Journal of Reproductive Immunology was the most prolific journal, while China and the USA were the leading countries in scientific collaboration. Co-citation analysis identified foundational works by authors such as Atik RB (2018) and Quenby S (2021). Burst detection analysis revealed a dynamic shift in research hotspots over time, with recent high-strength keywords including "recurrent implantation failure" (strength: 15.87), "chronic endometritis" (13.4), and "maternal-fetal interface" (10.35). Timeline and cluster analyses further pinpointed the field's evolution from foundational topics like "tolerance" and "antiphospholipid syndrome" to current emerging frontiers. These new frontiers are concentrated in distinct clusters, prominently including #0 recurrent pregnancy loss, #2 maternal-fetal interface, #11 chronic endometritis, and #12 COVID-19. Alluvial flow visualization confirmed that themes related to "regulatory_t_cells" and therapeutic interventions at the "maternal-fetal_interface" represent major developing research streams.

CONCLUSION: This study comprehensively maps the historical landscape and dynamic evolution of research on immunology in spontaneous abortion, identifying key emerging frontiers that may represent important directions for future investigation in the field.},
}

Humans
Female
*Abortion, Spontaneous/immunology
Pregnancy
*Bibliometrics
*Allergy and Immunology/trends
*Biomedical Research/trends

@article {pmid42094618,
year = {2026},
author = {Amegashie, EA and Sikeola, RO and Kwayisi-Darkwah, CK and Atampugbire, G and Tagoe, EA and Paintsil, E and Torpey, K and Quaye, O},
title = {Viral Mechanisms and Drug Influences on Janus Kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) Pathway in Human Coronaviruses Infection: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Health science reports},
volume = {9},
number = {5},
pages = {e72474},
pmid = {42094618},
issn = {2398-8835},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIM: Janus kinases/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway is crucial for various stages of immunity, from innate to adaptive responses. Type 1 IFNs activate JAK/STAT pathway by binding to receptors on JAK, phosphorylating STAT and upregulating interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) leading to cytokines production. Viruses, however, have developed mechanisms to prevent antiviral type I IFNs induction, resulting in active viral replication. This study seeks to review viral mechanisms, drug influences, and vitamin D supplements affecting the JAK/STAT pathway in human coronavirus infection.

METHODS: Literature searches were conducted across Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The study included all publications that satisfied the PRISMA criteria, were written in English, and fell within a 10-year window from July 2014 to June 2024. Forty-seven (47) studies satisfied the requirement for selection, out of which 31 studies were on viral mechanism, 12 were on drug interaction, and 2 were on vitamin D supplements.

RESULTS: There is consistent evidence of viral proteins, including ORF6, ORF8, spike, NSP14, NSP 1, and N of human coronaviruses disrupting the JAK/STAT pathway. Ruxolitinib, baricitinib, and Liantua Qingwen capsules have, however, been shown to stabilize the pathway by attacking viral proteins, inhibiting some pro-inflammatory cytokines, and downregulating STAT components to lessen cytokine storm, during hyperinflammation.

CONCLUSION: This finding emphasizes the need for controlled regulation of JAK/STAT pathway to address coronavirus infections and immune disruptions, with continued research essential in developing targeted treatment against present and future viral threats.},
}

@article {pmid42094979,
year = {2026},
author = {Huang, Y and Zhang, X and Miao, R and Wang, J and Xi, X and Pan, H and Lu, Y and Li, D},
title = {Hybrid immunity strategies: heterologous vaccination combined with natural SARS-CoV-2 infection.},
journal = {Frontiers in medicine},
volume = {13},
number = {},
pages = {1828887},
pmid = {42094979},
issn = {2296-858X},
abstract = {The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant challenge to existing immune barriers, highlighting the limitations of single-modality immunization. Hybrid immunity, shaped by the combination of natural infection and vaccination, induces more potent, broad-spectrum, and durable protective immunity. This review proposes that heterologous vaccination - the sequential use of vaccines based on different technological platforms - can serve as an active public health strategy to simulate and optimize hybrid immunity. We systematically elaborate on the synergistic advantages of hybrid immunity at both the humoral and cellular levels, citing evidence from multiple clinical trials that for both convalescent individuals and infection-naïve populations, heterologous vaccination regimens outperform homologous regimens in enhancing the breadth of neutralizing antibodies, strengthening cross-protection, and establishing robust immune memory. By mimicking the antigenic distance effect, heterologous vaccination safely replicates the immunological benefits of natural infection without the associated risks, positioning it as a key strategic tool to counter persistent viral evolution and build a resilient population-wide immune barrier.},
}

@article {pmid42095491,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, R and Dou, Y and Li, C and Mu, Y and Ouyang, H and Shen, W and Zhang, J},
title = {Decoding Undesirable Inflammatory Responses of Nucleic Acid-Delivering Lipid Nanoparticles.},
journal = {Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)},
volume = {13},
number = {33},
pages = {e75548},
pmid = {42095491},
issn = {2198-3844},
support = {CQYC20220303706//Chongqing Innovation Leading Talent Project/ ; CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0156//Key Program for Technological Innovation & Application Development of Chongqing/ ; 2023GGXM005//Key Medical Program Integrated by Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau and Chongqing Health Commission/ ; CSTB2024NSCQ-QCXMX0005//New Chongqing Youth Innovative Talent Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Nanoparticles/chemistry/adverse effects/administration & dosage ; *Lipids/chemistry/immunology ; *Inflammation/immunology ; Animals ; *Nucleic Acids/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; Liposomes ; },
abstract = {Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are transformative vectors for nucleic acid delivery, proven safe and effective in COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, and enabling advances in cancer immunotherapy and gene editing. However, their inherent immunogenicity presents a double-edged sword: beneficial adjuvant effects in vaccination can become detrimental inflammatory responses in applications like treating inflammatory/fibrotic diseases or gene editing-based therapies. This review comprehensively evaluates LNP-associated inflammation and mitigation strategies. We begin with an in-depth analysis of molecular mechanisms, detailing how specific lipid components, endocytic pathway activation, and nucleic acid sensing drive immune stimulation. Key modulatory factors, including LNP structural characteristics, administration routes, and biodistribution, are examined. We then explore cutting-edge engineering approaches to circumvent immunogenicity, encompassing structure-guided design of ionizable lipids, sophisticated biomimetic strategies using natural membrane coatings, innovative co-delivery systems incorporating anti-inflammatory agents, and emerging technologies for immune-evasive LNPs. By elucidating the intricate relationship between nanocarrier physicochemical properties and host immune recognition, while addressing translational hurdles, this review provides critical insights for developing safer, next-generation LNPs tailored for diverse therapeutic applications.},
}

Humans
*Nanoparticles/chemistry/adverse effects/administration & dosage
*Lipids/chemistry/immunology
*Inflammation/immunology
Animals
*Nucleic Acids/administration & dosage
*COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology/administration & dosage
*COVID-19/prevention & control/immunology
SARS-CoV-2/immunology
Liposomes

@article {pmid42095944,
year = {2026},
author = {Azi, AO and Lim, HS and Yohanna, E},
title = {Air pollution in Malaysia: current understanding and future directions.},
journal = {Environmental geochemistry and health},
volume = {48},
number = {7},
pages = {},
pmid = {42095944},
issn = {1573-2983},
support = {FRGS/1/2021/STG08/USM/02/2//Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE)/ ; },
mesh = {Malaysia/epidemiology ; *Air Pollution/analysis/adverse effects ; Particulate Matter/analysis ; *Air Pollutants/analysis ; Humans ; Environmental Monitoring/methods ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {Air pollution remains a significant environmental and public health issue in Malaysia, with notable effects on the economy and climate. Despite long-standing monitoring systems and regulations, comprehensive assessments that combine multiple data sources with health impact analysis are still lacking. This study reviews peer-reviewed studies, haze events from 1983 to 2024, regulatory documents from the Department of Environment, Malaysia, and data from air quality monitoring stations across regions. and presents an integrated assessment of air quality across strategic and important urban, industrial, coastal, and residential areas. It analyses trends in the Air Pollutant Index and PM2.5 levels from 2013 to 2024, and uses exposure-response models to estimate related deaths and economic impacts. Satellite data (MODIS and AERONET) help understand spatial variation and cross-border pollution. Average PM2.5 levels ranged from 8.66-16.77 µg/m[3], consistently above WHO guidelines from 2021. In 2020, PM2.5 exposure was linked to 1.419 early deaths in four urban areas, costing about MYR 2.46 billion (USD 524 million). Population-attributable fractions ranged from 2.6-7.1%, with risk rising by 2.7-7.6% per 10 µg/m[3] increase. The study identified 12 major haze events, notably in 1997 and 2015. COVID-19 restrictions temporarily reduced emissions, but levels quickly rebounded afterward. Conclusively, Malaysia's air quality issues are mainly due to transport, industry, dust, and recurring transboundary haze. Solutions include better source tracking, enhanced secondary pollutant monitoring, integrating health data more effectively, adopting advanced technologies, and aligning policies with WHO standards. Pollution effects are more pronounced in metropolitan regions due to proximity to dense sources.},
}

Malaysia/epidemiology
*Air Pollution/analysis/adverse effects
Particulate Matter/analysis
*Air Pollutants/analysis
Humans
Environmental Monitoring/methods
COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid42096655,
year = {2026},
author = {Ren, J and Qiu, J and Cai, J and Li, Y and Huang, L and Li, X},
title = {Effectiveness of digital health interventions in reducing loneliness among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Age and ageing},
volume = {55},
number = {5},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1093/ageing/afag122},
pmid = {42096655},
issn = {1468-2834},
support = {2023AH040086//Anhui Province University Scientific Research Projects/ ; YJS20240069//Anhui Province University Scientific Research Projects/ ; },
mesh = {*Loneliness ; *Digital Health ; Humans ; Aged ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Middle Aged ; Internet-Based Intervention ; *Cognitive Training ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Loneliness affects 12% of older adults globally, with concerns exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. While digital health interventions (DHIs) show promise, evidence of their effectiveness remains mixed.

METHODOLOGY: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science and Embase databases (2010-25). Inclusion criteria were adults aged 60 years, with loneliness as the primary or secondary outcome. Study quality was assessed using GRADE and Cochrane risk of bias tools. Subgroup analyses explored intervention type, measurement scales, national development level, pandemic timing and some secondary outcomes.

RESULTS: Seventeen studies (n = 2423) showed DHIs significantly reduced loneliness scores (standardized mean difference [SMD] = -0.39, 95% CI -0.77 to -0.01). Subgroup analyses revealed significant reductions for social cognitive training (SMD = -0.82, 95% CI -1.47 to -0.16). Greater effectiveness was observed in developed countries (SMD = -0.30, 95% CI: -0.51 to -0.09) and during the pandemic period (SMD = -0.54, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.06). DHIs also improved mental health (SMD = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.12 to 1.84) and marginally reduced depressive symptoms (SMD = -0.73, 95% CI: -1.45 to 0.00).

CONCLUSION: DHIs show promise in reducing loneliness scores among older adults, particularly through cognitive-focused interventions in supportive digital environments. However, the overall effect is modest and highly heterogeneous, with benefits that appear context-dependent and short-lived. Future research should prioritise standardised measurement, diverse populations and long-term follow-up to optimise DHI design.},
}

*Loneliness
*Digital Health
Humans
Aged
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Middle Aged
Internet-Based Intervention
*Cognitive Training

@article {pmid42096888,
year = {2026},
author = {Unger, M and Munro, JB},
title = {Control of viral envelope glycoprotein function revealed by single-molecule imaging.},
journal = {Current opinion in structural biology},
volume = {98},
number = {},
pages = {103275},
pmid = {42096888},
issn = {1879-033X},
support = {R01 AI150322/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 AI174645/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States ; R01 GM143773/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {*Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; *Single Molecule Imaging/methods ; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer ; Virus Internalization ; Humans ; Protein Conformation ; },
abstract = {Viral envelope glycoproteins catalyze membrane fusion during entry into cells. Envelope glycoprotein function has traditionally been viewed through the lens of kinetic control, where environmental cues like pH trigger irreversible refolding from the pre-fusion conformation to the post-fusion conformation. Single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer (smFRET) imaging has revealed an additional layer of thermodynamic control that governs the conformational dynamics of envelope glycoproteins in their pre-fusion form. smFRET studies of the envelope glycoproteins from HIV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, Ebola virus, and influenza A virus demonstrate that these glycoproteins dynamically sample an ensemble of pre-fusion conformations whose relative stabilities respond to pH, receptor binding, ions, and host proteases. This thermodynamic tuning precedes the kinetically controlled transition that promotes membrane fusion. Collectively, smFRET imaging has transformed our understanding of viral entry, illustrating how the pre-fusion energy landscape of envelope glycoproteins is tuned by the host environment to maintain viral fitness.},
}

*Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry/metabolism
*Single Molecule Imaging/methods
Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Virus Internalization
Humans
Protein Conformation

@article {pmid42096990,
year = {2026},
author = {Auckburally, A and Grubb, TL and Perchiazzi, G and Högman, M and Nyman, G},
title = {Nitric oxide and its role in the management of hypoxaemia in the anaesthetised horse-a narrative review.},
journal = {Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia},
volume = {53},
number = {4},
pages = {101227},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaa.2026.101227},
pmid = {42096990},
issn = {1467-2995},
mesh = {Animals ; Horses ; *Hypoxia/veterinary/drug therapy ; *Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage/therapeutic use ; *Horse Diseases/drug therapy ; *Anesthesia, General/veterinary/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To outline historical aspects of nitric oxide, including its discovery and biological effects, to describe the current use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) in human healthcare, and to review the available evidence on the use of pulsed iNO (PiNO) for the management of hypoxaemia in anaesthetised horses.

DATABASES USED: Google Scholar and PubMed databases were searched using the search terms nitric oxide, PiNO, environment, discovery, acute respiratory distress syndrome, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, horse, pony, hypoxaemia, and anaesthesia.

CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled NO is licensed in the management of hypoxic respiratory failure in human neonates and has also been used to treat refractory hypoxaemia in humans fulfilling certain criteria. There is now a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that PiNO is an effective treatment option for managing hypoxaemia during general anaesthesia in horses. The administration of PiNO to well-ventilated alveoli leads to a redistribution of pulmonary blood flow from dependent, nonventilated regions to nondependent, better ventilated regions of the lung. This reduces intrapulmonary shunting and improves indices of oxygenation and oxygen delivery. Whilst much of the evidence is experimental, there are some descriptions of its successful use in client-owned horses undergoing surgery for colic and arthroscopic procedures. As the prototypical delivery device (the NOrse, Datex-Ohmeda Research Department, Helsinki, Finland) has been redeveloped, the use of PiNO in clinical equine anaesthesia may offer a realistic treatment option for the management of hypoxaemia in anaesthetised horses in the near future.},
}

Animals
Horses
*Hypoxia/veterinary/drug therapy
*Nitric Oxide/administration & dosage/therapeutic use
*Horse Diseases/drug therapy
*Anesthesia, General/veterinary/adverse effects

@article {pmid42097077,
year = {2026},
author = {Baldry, K and Koekemoer, E and Olckers, C},
title = {Structural constraints and psychological need satisfaction among platform-based delivery riders in South Africa.},
journal = {Acta psychologica},
volume = {266},
number = {},
pages = {106989},
doi = {10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106989},
pmid = {42097077},
issn = {1873-6297},
mesh = {Humans ; South Africa ; Female ; Adult ; Male ; *Employment/psychology ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Personal Autonomy ; Qualitative Research ; *COVID-19/psychology ; },
abstract = {Platform-based motorbike delivery riders have become an essential part of the urban labour force, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic increased online shopping. This qualitative study used Self-Determination Theory and the Psychology of Working Theory to explore how motorbike delivery work promotes or undermines riders' psychological needs of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Ten motorbike delivery riders in Johannesburg, Gauteng, participated in twenty semi-structured interviews (two per participant). Hybrid thematic analyses were employed to analyse the data. Findings indicated that, amidst high unemployment and limited job opportunities in South Africa, platform-based motorbike delivery work partially satisfies riders' psychological needs. Relatedness was supported in interactions with customers and co-workers but limited by experiences of social stigmatisation. As independent contractors, riders enjoyed greater labour market flexibility and often earned more than in previous jobs, both of which promoted their autonomy. However, constant concerns regarding personal safety severely undermined this need. Challenges such as limited training and procedural injustice also restricted their need for competence. This study extends the Psychology of Working Theory by demonstrating how structural constraints not only influence the attainment of decent work but also shape the outcomes of decent work, specifically the fulfilment of psychological needs in precarious labour contexts.},
}

Humans
South Africa
Female
Adult
Male
*Employment/psychology
*Personal Satisfaction
Personal Autonomy
Qualitative Research
*COVID-19/psychology

@article {pmid42097153,
year = {2026},
author = {Zumla, A and Hui, DS and Peiris, M and Perlman, S},
title = {Respiratory infections due to human common cold coronaviruses, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccine landscapes.},
journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory medicine},
volume = {14},
number = {6},
pages = {545-566},
doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(26)00049-4},
pmid = {42097153},
issn = {2213-2619},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; *Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/prevention & control ; Viral Vaccines ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Animals ; *Common Cold/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/virology ; },
abstract = {Over the past half-century, perceptions of human coronaviruses have evolved from their initial characterisation as causes of the common cold to recognition of their capacity to trigger severe disease and global epidemics. The emergence of three zoonotic coronaviruses-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, has had profound health, economic, and societal consequences and continues to influence global epidemic-preparedness strategies. All three viruses remain on the WHO Blueprint of priority pathogens for research and development. This Review summarises current knowledge on human coronaviruses, drawing lessons from the past 25 years of epidemic outbreaks. The shared and divergent features of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, including their origins, evolution, transmission determinants, zoonotic transmission, viral entry pathways, pathogenesis, spectrum of clinical manifestations, long-term sequelae, and case-fatality profiles are highlighted. The full range of clinical manifestations, from asymptomatic or atypical presentations to severe acute respiratory and multisystem disease, are outlined together with risk factors for progression and populations with the greatest susceptibility. Diagnostic approaches, including molecular assays, antigen-based tests, and imaging modalities are described alongside current therapeutics, antiviral strategies, immunomodulators, supportive care principles, and evidence from clinical trials. Advances in diagnostics, vaccines, therapeutics, and infection-control practices are examined together with persistent challenges in early recognition, particularly in resource-limited settings. Strengthening multinational clinical trial capacity, leveraging digital innovations, and embedding One Health approaches are essential to mitigating spillover risks and improving global readiness. We review the latest data, identify gaps and opportunities, and outline forward-looking strategies to anticipate and prepare for the threat of future coronaviruses, and other existing or new respiratory pathogens with epidemic potential. Clinicians and other health-care workers play a central role in detecting and reporting possible lethal coronavirus infection including atypical presentations, enabling rapid, coordinated infection control and management responses.},
}

Humans
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/pathogenicity
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19
*Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/prevention & control
Viral Vaccines
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/pathogenicity
Pandemics/prevention & control
Animals
*Common Cold/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy
COVID-19 Vaccines
*Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/diagnosis/therapy/virology

@article {pmid42097990,
year = {2026},
author = {Bruffaerts, R},
title = {Mental Health in College Students: From Epidemiological Findings to Sustainable Policies.},
journal = {Annual review of clinical psychology},
volume = {22},
number = {1},
pages = {533-557},
doi = {10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-061724-084303},
pmid = {42097990},
issn = {1548-5951},
mesh = {Humans ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Universities/statistics & numerical data ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 ; *Mental Health ; *Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult ; },
abstract = {Higher education has seen rising enrollment, mobility, and diversity; there are approximately 254 million students globally, a figure that has doubled since the early 2000s. The college years (roughly the age range between 18 and 30) coincide with key developmental phases marked by personal, social, and academic stressors like leaving home and adjusting to new environments. This period is high-risk for mental health issues such as anxiety and depression, which negatively affect academic success and future quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic challenged students' mental health due to isolation, online learning, and fears of infection. Despite growing emotional problems, many students do not seek help, and this avoidance results in inadequate treatment and fragmented mental health services. These issues present significant challenges in addressing mental health within higher education and beyond. The goal of this article is to offer a thorough, critical review of the existing research on college mental health, including key data-driven epidemiological findings on mental disorders, theory-driven approaches to challenges faced during college, and prospects for future research.},
}

Humans
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Universities/statistics & numerical data
*Mental Disorders/epidemiology
*COVID-19
*Mental Health
*Mental Health Services/statistics & numerical data
Young Adult

@article {pmid42098872,
year = {2026},
author = {Donglin, W and Xuewei, W and Syed Jaapar, SZ and Ab Razak, A},
title = {Cultural background and pandemic context as moderators of the association between expressive suppression and sleep quality in healthy adults: a systematic review and meta‑analysis.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42098872},
issn = {2050-7283},
mesh = {Humans ; *Sleep Quality ; *COVID-19/psychology ; *Emotional Regulation ; Pandemics ; Adult ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Expressive suppression is a widely used emotion regulation strategy, but studies have reported mixed findings regarding its association with sleep quality in healthy adults. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the evidence on the association between expressive suppression and sleep quality in non-clinical adult samples and examine the moderating effect of cultural background and pandemic context.

METHODS: Electronic databases including PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science were systematically searched from database inception to May 2025 using predefined search terms related to emotion regulation and sleep quality. Studies were included if they: (1) involved non-clinical adult samples; (2) assessed expressive suppression with the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ); (3) used standardized self-report measures of sleep quality (e.g., PSQI, ISI); and (4) reported zero-order Pearson correlations. A total of twenty-three independent samples (N = 13,636) met the inclusion criteria. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled effect size, and pre-specified subgroup and moderation analyses were conducted.

RESULTS: Expressive suppression showed a small but significant positive association with poorer sleep quality (r = .14, 95% CI [0.12, 0.16], p < .0001). Between-study heterogeneity was low (I² = 28.21%). The association was stronger in studies explicitly focused on COVID-19-related stress than in studies conducted in general contexts, whereas cultural background, type of sleep measure, study design, and publication period did not significantly moderate the effect.

CONCLUSION: Habitual use of expressive suppression appears to be associated with poorer sleep quality in healthy adults, and this association may be stronger under conditions of major psychosocial stress such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Interventions that reduce reliance on suppression or promote more flexible emotion regulation may help support sleep health, particularly during periods of widespread stress.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study has been registered with the PROSPERO (registration number: CRD420251059053).},
}

Humans
*Sleep Quality
*COVID-19/psychology
*Emotional Regulation
Pandemics
Adult

@article {pmid42099599,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhong, R and Wu, X and Wang, Y and Zhang, J and Kou, Z},
title = {Global trends and research hotspots in autoimmune encephalitis: insights from a bibliometric and visualized analysis: 1971-2025.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1798782},
pmid = {42099599},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; Humans ; *Encephalitis/immunology/therapy ; *Hashimoto Disease/immunology/epidemiology/therapy ; History, 21st Century ; History, 20th Century ; *Biomedical Research/trends ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) encompasses a highly heterogeneous spectrum of severe immune-mediated neurological disorders. Over the past 50 years, research has expanded rapidly, yet a quantitative synthesis of its evolution, key contributors, and thematic trends is lacking. Here, we provide a comprehensive 50-year, multi-database bibliometric study that systematically maps the full trajectory of AE research-from early descriptions to the current era of mechanism-driven therapeutics-using advanced analytical tools.

METHODS: We systematically retrieved AE-related publications from 1971 to May 24, 2025 from PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. After deduplication, records were analyzed using bibliometric tools (CiteSpace, VOSviewer, Bibliometrix). Analyses included publication trends, national/institutional contributions, author networks, journal distributions, co-citation patterns, keyword co-occurrence, and thematic evolution.

RESULTS: Annual publications surged after 2007, coinciding with the discovery of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis (anti-NMDAR AE), reaching a peak in 2022. The USA and China were the leading contributors by volume, while Spain had the highest average citation impact. The University of Pennsylvania and the University of Oxford emerged as the most productive institutions. Dr. Josep Dalmau is the most prolific author in the field, leading a major collaborative cluster. Frontiers in Neurology published the most papers, while Neurology had the highest H-index. Keyword and thematic analyses confirmed anti-NMDAR AE as the dominant research focus, with intense scholarly interest in its pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immunotherapy. Recent trends highlight emerging topics like COVID-19-associated AE, anti-IGLON5 disease.

CONCLUSIONS: This study outlines the development, collaboration patterns, and research hotspots in AE. Research continues to center on anti-NMDAR encephalitis, with a growing focus on clinical and therapeutic applications. Future directions include mechanistic studies, biomarker discovery, and advanced immunotherapies.},
}

*Bibliometrics
Humans
*Encephalitis/immunology/therapy
*Hashimoto Disease/immunology/epidemiology/therapy
History, 21st Century
History, 20th Century
*Biomedical Research/trends

@article {pmid42099707,
year = {2026},
author = {Lokonon, BE and Houetohossou, SCA and Tchede, BA and Yapi, RB and Cailleau, A and Haydon, DT and Bonfoh, B},
title = {The use of artificial intelligence based modelling techniques in One Health-related infectious disease studies in Sub-Saharan Africa: a review.},
journal = {Frontiers in artificial intelligence},
volume = {9},
number = {},
pages = {1778800},
pmid = {42099707},
issn = {2624-8212},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa continues to face a substantial burden of infectious diseases, many of which are zoonotic and shaped by complex interactions across human, animal, and environmental systems. Artificial Intelligence (AI), encompassing machine learning (ML) and deep-learning (DL) techniques, has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing disease prediction, surveillance, diagnosis, and decision-making within a One Health (OH) framework.

METHOD: This systematic review synthesizes evidence from 62 peer-reviewed studies to assess how AI-based modelling techniques have been applied to infectious disease research across Sub-Saharan Africa.

RESULTS: Results show that AI adoption has grown rapidly since 2019, with a pronounced surge in publications between 2021 and 2024. However, research leadership and implementation capacity remain geographically uneven, with South Africa, Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania dominating the landscape. Across studies, AI tools were used primarily for classification and prediction tasks, with ensemble models and deep-learning architectures showing the strongest performance (with median accuracy close to 100% for Convolutional Neural Network model). Malaria (24%), HIV (12%), COVID-19 (12%), and Tuberculosis (6.7%) were the most frequently targeted diseases, while zoonotic and environmentally linked infections were comparatively underrepresented. Most studies relied exclusively on human data, revealing a persistent gap in the integration of animal and environmental components critical to the OH paradigm.

CONCLUSION: Despite promising applications, including image-based parasite detection, IoT-enabled surveillance, ecological risk modelling, and smartphone-assisted diagnostics, AI deployment remains constrained by limited computational infrastructure, inadequate digital connectivity, data-governance weaknesses, and shortages of AI-trained specialists. Conversely, expanding mobile connectivity, cloud-based analytics, and advancements in multilingual AI tools could create new opportunities to strengthen surveillance systems, empower health workers, and improve community engagement.},
}

@article {pmid42100527,
year = {2026},
author = {Alghamdi, B and Albedah, N and Almalki, T and Almudarra, S and Penttinen, P and Wang, C and Hong, PY},
title = {Wastewater-based surveillance of microbial pathogens in GCC countries (2015-2025): a scoping review and questionnaire survey with stakeholders.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1786753},
pmid = {42100527},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {*Wastewater/microbiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Humans ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) of microbial pathogens has become an increasingly useful approach to monitor public health at the population level. However, these efforts varied widely in scope, methodology and focus within the GCC region. It remains unclear how WBS is being used across the region, and to what extent it can inform decision-making or contribute to long-term surveillance infrastructure within the GCC. This review aimed to critically assess WBS studies conducted across GCC and to provide perspective on how to further strengthen the ability of WBS to inform and provide early detection on the emergence of health concerns arising from microbial contaminants that are circulating in the community.

METHODS: This review was conducted following the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews guidance, aiming to identify and critically evaluate peer-reviewed studies that applied WBS across GCC between January 2015 and October 2025. A structured English-language literature search was carried out on the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Search results were screened against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A survey was conducted with GCC stakeholders involved in the execution of wastewater surveillance, and their responses were studied to align actual WBS activities against that reported in the literature.

RESULTS: A total of 26 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, with uneven distribution of studies published across the GCC countries (n = 6). The main targets reported in the WBS studies are antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and SARS-CoV-2. Majority of the studies report qualitative presence of microbial targets and lack quantitative measurements that are required to facilitate decision-making and intervention measures. Emerging methods and technology that can enable WBS were discussed to facilitate future WBS effort in GCC.

CONCLUSION: Although WBS holds significant promises to enhance public health surveillance in the GCC, its potential remains underutilized. Moving forward, addressing capacity training and providing sustainable long-term funding mechanisms, standardizing methodological differences and/or providing a guideline that detail the best practices, promoting a consortium-based surveillance system and initiating research that can facilitate the utilization of WBS data to inform decision-making processes would be crucial for the successful integration of WBS into the region's public health framework.},
}

*Wastewater/microbiology
Surveys and Questionnaires
Humans

@article {pmid42100531,
year = {2026},
author = {Carbajal, C and Dasgupta, T and Russell, E and Latt, SM and Horgan, G and Peterson, L and Mistry, HD and Kitchen, K and Wilson, M and Smith, V and Boulding, H and Sheen, KS and Van Citters, AD and Nelson, EC and Duncan, EL and von Dadelszen, P and , and Silverio, SA and Magee, LA},
title = {Women's experiences of maternity care in high-income countries during the pandemic health system shock: a follow-up systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1715725},
pmid = {42100531},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; Female ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Maternal Health Services/organization & administration ; Pregnancy ; *Developed Countries ; Qualitative Research ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 disrupted healthcare systems globally, particularly challenging maternity services which continued to be operated as an essential service. Reconfigurations were implemented to continue providing care in a safe manner and in line with infection control restrictions. This systematic review of women's experiences of maternity care during the COVID-19 pandemic in high-income countries (HICs), aimed to synthesize published literature and inform future responses to global disasters.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Electronic database of Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL PsychINFO, and the Cochrane COVID Study Register, were searched from June 2021- June 2024 to identify eligible records. Thematic synthesis was used to synthesise the data.

RESULTS: 79 studies were included with data from over 20,000 perinatal women, most were of moderate to high methodological quality. Data synthesis showed 11 themes across five main concepts related to maternity service reconfigurations, namely: (1) Care-seeking and care experience, (2) Virtual care, (3) Self-monitoring, (4) Vaccination, and (5) Ethical future of maternity care.

CONCLUSIONS: Women predominantly viewed changes to maternity care negatively. Future strategies to ensure safeguarding of mothers and infants during crises should include enhancing service accessibility, emphasizing women-centered care, and prioritizing support systems for mothers and infants.

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022355948, identifier: CRD42022355948.},
}

Humans
Female
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Maternal Health Services/organization & administration
Pregnancy
*Developed Countries
Qualitative Research
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics

@article {pmid42100538,
year = {2026},
author = {Muturiki, M and Mapukata, NO and Chauke, L and Jewett, S},
title = {Mental health patterns and associated social determinants among university and college students in sub-Saharan Africa during the COVID-19 pandemic era: a scoping review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1800724},
pmid = {42100538},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *Social Determinants of Health ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology ; *Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; Universities ; *Mental Health/statistics & numerical data ; Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology ; Sub-Saharan African People ; Pandemics ; *Mental Disorders/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence on student mental health in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains limited, particularly studies examining how mental health patterns intersect with social determinants within higher education institutions (HEIs). This scoping review identifies gaps in the literature documenting student mental health and associated social determinants during the COVID-19 period and highlights priorities for future research in SSA.

METHODS: Eight databases (MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Open Access Journals, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, Scopus) and grey literature were searched for English-language studies from 2020 to 2023. Sixty-seven studies from 214 full-text articles screened met the inclusion criteria.

RESULTS: The included studies varied widely in their examination of student mental health and its links to social determinants of health (SDOH). Mental health was most frequently assessed in terms of depression, anxiety, suicidality, substance use disorders, and psychological distress. Mood disorders were the most commonly reported outcomes. Few studies explored help-seeking behavior. Reported social determinants aligned with structural factors (socioeconomic and political contexts, cultural norms, gender disparities) and intermediary factors such as academic stress, service access, and behavioral patterns including substance use, physical activity, sleep, and diet.

CONCLUSION: Although many studies addressed social determinants of student mental health in SSA, none provided comparable, multi-country data across HEIs. Most research focused on undergraduate particularly medical students, with limited attention to postgraduate populations. Future work should prioritize multi-country comparative studies and context-specific approaches that strengthen help-seeking and support for at-risk students across diverse SSA settings.},
}

Humans
*Social Determinants of Health
*COVID-19/epidemiology/psychology
*Students/psychology/statistics & numerical data
Universities
*Mental Health/statistics & numerical data
Africa South of the Sahara/epidemiology
Sub-Saharan African People
Pandemics
*Mental Disorders/epidemiology

@article {pmid42101066,
year = {2026},
author = {Boufleuer, E and Vieira, TW and Sakamoto, VTM and Anschau, F and Tavares, JP and Filho, FFD and Pai, DD},
title = {Psychological and Cognitive Sequelae of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing},
volume = {33},
number = {4},
pages = {653-666},
pmid = {42101066},
issn = {1365-2850},
support = {312850/2025-5//Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Anxiety/epidemiology/etiology ; *Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology ; *Depression/epidemiology/etiology ; *Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology ; *Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology/etiology ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated global mental health problems with the development of persistent symptoms.

AIM: To conduct a prevalence meta-analysis of persistent psychological and cognitive sequelae of COVID-19 based on cohort studies.

METHOD: This study followed PRISMA. Cohort studies that followed individuals for at least 12 weeks post-COVID-19 were included and pediatric studies were excluded. The databases Embase, Lilacs/BVS, PubMed, SciELO and Scopus were searched in November 2023. Meta-analyses were performed with subgroup analyses conducted. Results were presented with forest plot graphs and tables. Risk of bias and methodological quality were assessed using Eggers's Test and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

RESULTS: 2,456 studies were identified and screened. Forty-seven articles were included in the systematic review, and 46 in the meta-analysis (192,158 participants). The most prevalent psychological outcome was anxiety (0.17; 95% CI 0.11-0.27, 19 studies), followed by cognitive impairments (0.15; 95% CI 0.11-0.20, 35 studies), sleep disturbances (0.14; 95% CI 0.09-0.19, 33 studies) and depression (0.11; 95% CI 0.06-0.19, 16 studies).

DISCUSSION: The mental health consequences of COVID-19 highlight the need for long-term monitoring and represent a significant public health challenge. The limitation is the heterogeneity among the studies.

These findings represent a public health issue emphasizing the need for public policies and support strategies to mitigate consequences.

CONCLUSION: Although high prevalence rates were identified, the prediction intervals were wide and heterogeneity remained high-common characteristics of studies conducted during the pandemic.

REGISTRATION: Registered in the international Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under number CRD42023460632, on September 5, 2023.},
}

Humans
*Anxiety/epidemiology/etiology
*Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology/etiology
*Depression/epidemiology/etiology
*Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome/complications/epidemiology/physiopathology/psychology
*Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology/etiology

@article {pmid42101598,
year = {2026},
author = {Coles, S},
title = {Vaccine Adverse Effects: An Overview.},
journal = {American family physician},
volume = {113},
number = {4},
pages = {339-348},
pmid = {42101598},
issn = {1532-0650},
mesh = {Humans ; *Vaccines/adverse effects ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/adverse effects ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Vaccination/adverse effects ; Thimerosal/adverse effects ; Female ; Pregnancy ; },
abstract = {Vaccines are one of the most successful medical advances in modern times. Patients are increasingly questioning the necessity of immunizing themselves and their families, and family physicians should be aware of the risks and benefits of recommended immunizations to accurately counsel about adverse effects and address vaccine hesitancy. Vaccines are associated with local adverse reactions, such as pain and redness. Thimerosal is currently used only in multidose vials of influenza vaccine; exposure to thimerosal through vaccines is not associated with adverse neurologic outcomes. The measles-mumps-rubella vaccine is not associated with autism spectrum disorder. The respiratory syncytial virus vaccine does not increase the risk of stillbirth, infant death, birth defects, or growth restriction when administered during pregnancy. COVID-19 vaccine minimally increases the risk of myocarditis and pericarditis. Physicians should counsel patients and guide them to credible resources if patients are considering vaccine refusal. The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System and National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program track adverse events from vaccines; the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program provides compensation for documented harms from vaccinations.},
}

Humans
*Vaccines/adverse effects
Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine/adverse effects
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Vaccination/adverse effects
Thimerosal/adverse effects
Female
Pregnancy

@article {pmid42103644,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, LY and Xu, YS},
title = {[Research progress on laryngitis in children infected with the Omicron variant of the Novel Coronavirus].},
journal = {Zhonghua er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Chinese journal of otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery},
volume = {61},
number = {4},
pages = {487-492},
doi = {10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20251102-00580},
pmid = {42103644},
issn = {1673-0860},
support = {TJYXZDXK-3-016B//Tianjin Key Medical Discipline(Specialist)Construction Project/ ; CMANKUA202401//Research and Application of Influenza Early Warning Technology for Children Based on Multi-Source Big Data/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Laryngitis/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis/therapy ; *COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Child ; Pandemics ; Child, Preschool ; },
}

Humans
*Laryngitis/epidemiology/virology/diagnosis/therapy
*COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Child
Pandemics
Child, Preschool

@article {pmid42104283,
year = {2026},
author = {Bates, J and Moon, JR and Gaisser, S and Nikiforov, A and Ryan, JG and Chekar, CK and Meurant, R and Vignola-Gagné, E and Iwuji, C and Grapsa, E and Barbéra-Tomás, D and Meseguer, E and Davey, G and Hopkins, MM},
title = {Policy challenges in the provision of COVID-19 border screening: evidence from eight countries.},
journal = {BMC public health},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42104283},
issn = {1471-2458},
support = {ES/W00156X/1//Economic and Social Research Council/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Private Sector ; Australia/epidemiology ; *Health Policy ; Canada/epidemiology ; *Mass Screening/organization & administration ; United Kingdom ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Spain/epidemiology ; *COVID-19 Testing ; Germany/epidemiology ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: While border screening measures were widely adopted by countries during the COVID-19 pandemic, a lack of consensus on the utility of border screening created a gap in best practice for its implementation. As such, countries adopted a diversity of approaches, providing an opportunity to evaluate the configuration and evolution of border screening systems. The article addresses three questions: (i) how did countries configure their border screening systems for COVID-19? (ii) In what contexts did countries rely on public or private providers of these services? (iii) what do policies and narratives reveal about the perceived role of border screening in global public health? The article contributes to long-standing debates over the private sector's role in public health and the perceived value of border screening measures.

METHODS: This article presents results from an international comparative study based on tracking the organisation of border screening in eight countries. Secondary data was collected between July 2021 - June 2022 from official government websites and policy publications, private sector sources where relevant, and trusted media sources in each study country. The countries included are Australia, Canada, Germany, Ireland, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, and the United Kingdom.

RESULTS: All study countries used private provision for pre-departure diagnostic testing for international travellers. In contrast, screening of arriving travellers was more diverse. Countries that opted for private sector post-arrival screening saw governance challenges around accreditation and monitoring of providers, while public service provision saw challenges in capacity and high resource costs. Travel was often framed as a 'luxury,' allowing states to shift responsibility for obtaining tests onto individuals; especially in the context of individuals travelling from low income to high income countries.

CONCLUSIONS: The different approaches countries followed for screening of departing and incoming travellers suggests wealthy countries were more oriented towards defending their populations against disease importation, rather protecting the international community from disease exportation. These findings provide an opportunity to reflect on the purpose and implementation of border screening. We emphasise a need for further discussion on the efficacy of border screening from both perspectives, given the tendency for countries to rely on these measures.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology/prevention & control
Private Sector
Australia/epidemiology
*Health Policy
Canada/epidemiology
*Mass Screening/organization & administration
United Kingdom
South Africa/epidemiology
Spain/epidemiology
*COVID-19 Testing
Germany/epidemiology
Republic of Korea/epidemiology

@article {pmid42104831,
year = {2026},
author = {Widyaningrum, R and Ambarwati, K and Kuntari, T and Putri, TA and Kusumaninrum, PD},
title = {Mothers' and Health Care Professionals' Experiences of Remote Provision of One-to-One Synchronous Breastfeeding Support: A Qualitative Systematic Review.},
journal = {Asia-Pacific journal of public health},
volume = {38},
number = {5},
pages = {351-358},
doi = {10.1177/10105395261437273},
pmid = {42104831},
issn = {1941-2479},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Feeding ; Female ; *Mothers/psychology/statistics & numerical data ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Telemedicine ; Qualitative Research ; *Social Support ; *Health Personnel/psychology ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; },
abstract = {Breastfeeding has been shown to provide numerous benefits for mothers and babies in the short and long term. During the COVID-19 pandemic, breastfeeding support, which was traditionally provided offline, shifted to online platforms. Although these remote services were available before the pandemic began, online interventions emerged as an alternative and proved effective in helping mothers breastfeed during that period. We aimed to explore the existing literature on the experiences of mothers and health care professionals with remote one-to-one synchronous breastfeeding support and to identify the unmet support needs of mothers regarding this type of support. We systematically searched seven literature databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, MIDIRS, Web of Science, ASSIA, WHO Global Index, and Google Search. Articles published before 2010 and in languages other than English and Indonesian language were excluded. A thematic approach was used to synthesise the data. Twenty-one studies were included in this review. Three themes generated from the synthesis: (1) mothers' acceptance of one-to-one synchronous telelactation, (2) benefit of one-to-one synchronous telelactation, and (3) challenges faced in one-to-one synchronous telelactation. In conclusion, mothers generally accepted one-to-one synchronous breastfeeding support as an alternative to in-person sessions, although some challenges remain. Further improvements are needed to address accessibility and scheduling issues.},
}

Humans
*Breast Feeding
Female
*Mothers/psychology/statistics & numerical data
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Telemedicine
Qualitative Research
*Social Support
*Health Personnel/psychology
*Attitude of Health Personnel

@article {pmid42105055,
year = {2026},
author = {Nolan, B and O'Connor, C},
title = {Therapies for Infantile Haemangiomas: Current Practice and Evolving Perspectives.},
journal = {Dermatology and therapy},
volume = {16},
number = {5},
pages = {2363-2376},
pmid = {42105055},
issn = {2193-8210},
support = {223047/Z/21/Z/WT_/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom ; },
abstract = {Infantile haemangiomas (IH) are the most common vascular tumours of infancy, characterised by a predictable trajectory of rapid proliferation, plateau, and slow spontaneous involution. Although most regress uneventfully, a significant minority risk ulceration, functional compromise, or disfigurement, and therefore require timely intervention. The therapeutic landscape was once dominated by corticosteroids, interferon, and cytotoxic chemotherapeutics of modest efficacy and considerable toxicity. Management was revolutionized in 2008 by the discovery that the beta-blocker propranolol induced prompt and sustained regression. Propranolol has since become the established first-line therapy for IH, with efficacy and safety confirmed by randomized controlled trials and corroborated by observational cohorts. Mechanistically there are multiple temporally stratified actions: immediate vasoconstriction, suppression of angiogenic signalling pathways, induction of endothelial apoptosis, and ultimately the promotion of adipogenic differentiation in keeping with natural involution. Safety is favourable under expert supervision, though hypoglycemia remains the principal preventable hazard, necessitating caregiver education on feeding regimens and "sick day" rules. Rebound growth, encountered in roughly one-fifth of cases, usually responds to re-treatment. Alternative beta-blockers such as atenolol and nadolol provide comparable efficacy with potential advantages in tolerability or dosing convenience. Topical timolol has limited effectiveness for small superficial lesions, while sirolimus, becaplermin gel, laser devices, and surgery may have circumscribed adjunctive roles. Corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents are now confined to salvage use. Contemporary perspectives extend beyond pharmacology to encompass caregiver experience and health-system burden. Recent work highlights the low burden of treatment with propranolol, while digital innovations such as photo-triage during the COVID-19 pandemic illustrate opportunities to reduce healthcare exposure and improve equity of access. This review describes the evolution of drug therapy for IH and integrates mechanistic insights, clinical pragmatism, and patient-centred innovations to chart the current trajectory of care.},
}

@article {pmid42105073,
year = {2026},
author = {Schultz, T and Rosenthal, S},
title = {Telemedicine in Pediatric Headache in a Post-COVID-19 World: A Narrative Review and Practical Implementation.},
journal = {Current pain and headache reports},
volume = {30},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42105073},
issn = {1534-3081},
mesh = {Humans ; *Telemedicine ; Child ; *Headache/therapy ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Migraine Disorders/therapy ; Pediatrics/methods ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pediatric migraine is a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet access to pediatric headache specialists remains limited due to workforce scarcities and geographic disparities. This review examines the evolution of telemedicine in headache care, evaluates current evidence for safety and efficacy, and explores its role in improving access and multidisciplinary management.

RECENT FINDINGS: Randomized trials and observational studies demonstrate that telemedicine provides clinical outcomes comparable to in-person visits with high patient satisfaction and reduced logistical burden. Emerging data support its safety in non-acute headache evaluation as well as benefit of supporting multidisciplinary care. Professional societies, including the American Headache Society and the American Academy of Pediatrics, endorse telemedicine as an appropriate modality for headache management. Telemedicine has matured into a sustainable, evidence-based approach for pediatric headache care. When implemented thoughtfully, it expands access, supports multidisciplinary treatment, and maintains safety, positioning it as an essential component of future headache care delivery models.},
}

Humans
*Telemedicine
Child
*Headache/therapy
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Migraine Disorders/therapy
Pediatrics/methods

@article {pmid42105110,
year = {2026},
author = {Savorgnan, F and Prabhu, J and Pilla, P and Flores, S and Loomba, RS and Acosta, S},
title = {Pulse Oximetry, Skin Pigmentation, and Occult Hypoxemia in Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care.},
journal = {Pediatric cardiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42105110},
issn = {1432-1971},
abstract = {Pulse oximetry (SpO2) is central to oxygenation assessment in pediatric and cardiac intensive care. Increasing evidence demonstrates that SpO2 may systematically overestimate arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), particularly in individuals with darker skin pigmentation, thereby increasing the risk of occult hypoxemia-arterial hypoxemia not detected by pulse oximetry. We sought to synthesize current evidence and define implications for pediatric and congenital heart disease populations. We performed a narrative review of experimental physiology studies; observational adult and pediatric cohorts; pediatric COVID-19, ICU, and cardiac ICU investigations; device-comparison analyses; systematic reviews; and regulatory evaluations reporting paired SpO2-SaO2 measurements or validated reference standards stratified by race, ethnicity, or objectively measured skin pigmentation. Data sources included PubMed, MEDLINE, and bibliographies of relevant studies. Experimental data demonstrate directional SpO2 overestimation that increases during hypoxemia. Large adult cohorts confirm higher rates of occult hypoxemia in patients with darker skin pigmentation, findings subsequently replicated in hospitalized children. Emerging pediatric cardiac ICU data suggest that physiologic complexity may further amplify SpO2-SaO2 discordance. Device-comparison studies reveal variability across manufacturers, influenced by calibration datasets and signal-processing algorithms. Across populations, misclassification is most clinically relevant near commonly used escalation thresholds. SpO2 frequently overestimates SaO2 in darker skin pigmentation and during hypoxemia, increasing vulnerability to occult hypoxemia in hospitalized and critically ill children. In pediatric cardiac populations-where narrow saturation thresholds guide management-contextual, bias-aware interpretation of pulse oximetry is essential to support accurate decision-making and equitable care.},
}

@article {pmid42105330,
year = {2026},
author = {Callens, S and Dambre, C and De Schryver, A and Desmet, S and Flamaing, J and Peeters, M and Vigneron, L and Van Laethem, Y},
title = {Pneumococcal vaccination in Belgian adults: a practical translation of the 2025 Superior Health Council guidelines.},
journal = {Acta clinica Belgica},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-11},
doi = {10.1080/17843286.2026.2671079},
pmid = {42105330},
issn = {2295-3337},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal disease remains a significant burden in Belgian adults, with 2,120 cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) reported in 2024, the highest in a decade. Despite clear indications, vaccination uptake remains unacceptably low (13-24% in risk groups). Complex sequential vaccination schedules involving pneumococcal conjugate vaccines followed by the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), combined with limited awareness among healthcare providers and the public, and incomplete reimbursement policies, have contributed to implementation barriers and poor adherence.

METHODS: This review provides a practice-oriented translation of the 2025 Superior Health Council of Belgium guidelines on adult pneumococcal vaccination. We analysed Belgian National Reference Centre 2024 serotype surveillance data to support age-stratified vaccine selection recommendations.

KEY RECOMMENDATIONS: A single-dose conjugate vaccine approach now replaces all prior sequential regimens. Vaccine selection is age-stratified based on Belgian serotype epidemiology: PCV20 for adults 18-49 years with risk conditions (serotype 4 coverage critical); PCV20 or PCV21 for ages 50-84 years; and PCV21 preferred for adults ≥ 85 years (15% coverage advantage). PPV23 is eliminated from routine recommendations. Co-administration with influenza, RSV, and COVID-19 vaccines is supported, enabling maximal respiratory protection in a single visit.

CONCLUSION: One conjugate vaccine dose, selected by age, provides maximal pneumococcal protection. The challenge is implementation to increase vaccination coverage: every clinical encounter with an at-risk adult is a vaccination opportunity.},
}

@article {pmid42106620,
year = {2026},
author = {Zakaria, AM and El Shahidy, SM and Diab, AM},
title = {Epidemiology and genetic variation of acute viral gastroenteritis in children under five years in the Middle East (2020-2025): a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42106620},
issn = {1471-2334},
mesh = {Humans ; *Gastroenteritis/epidemiology/virology ; Middle East/epidemiology ; *Genetic Variation ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Prevalence ; Infant, Newborn ; Coinfection/epidemiology/virology ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology/virology ; *Virus Diseases/epidemiology/virology ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Acute viral gastroenteritis remains a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization among children under five years worldwide. In the Middle East, epidemiological and molecular evidence remains fragmented, particularly in the post-COVID-19 period. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize recent data (2020-2025) on the prevalence, genetic diversity, and co-infection patterns of enteric viruses among children aged 0-59 months in the region.

METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and the WHO Global Index Medicus identified eligible observational and molecular studies published between 1 January 2020 and 31 May 2025. Study selection, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were independently conducted by two reviewers according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251064184). Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated using a random-effects model with Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation.

RESULTS: Forty-three studies, including 22,021 children tested for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) from nine Middle Eastern countries, met the inclusion criteria. Rotavirus (28 studies) was the most prevalent pathogen, with a pooled prevalence of 30.4% (95% CI: 24.3-35.8; I² = 96%, p < 0.001), followed by norovirus (12 studies) at 23.5% (95% CI: 11.4-29), adenovirus (13 studies) at 11.3% (95% CI: 8.6-17.6), and astrovirus (10 studies) at 6.0% (95% CI: 1.3-12.7). Predominant rotavirus genotypes included G1, G2, G3, and G9, commonly combined with P[8], P[4], and P[6], with G3P[8] and G1P[8] as dominant constellations. Norovirus GII.4 and recombinant GII.4[P16] strains were frequently detected. Viral co-infections were also reported, particularly involving rotavirus and other enteric viruses.

CONCLUSION: Rotavirus and norovirus remain the principal viral causes of pediatric acute gastroenteritis in the Middle East and exhibit substantial genetic diversity with frequent co-infection patterns. However, marked inter-study heterogeneity and uneven geographic representation limit regional generalizability. Strengthened molecular surveillance, standardized diagnostic approaches, and continuous genotype monitoring are essential to optimize prevention strategies and vaccination policies across the region.},
}

Humans
*Gastroenteritis/epidemiology/virology
Middle East/epidemiology
*Genetic Variation
Infant
Child, Preschool
Prevalence
Infant, Newborn
Coinfection/epidemiology/virology
Rotavirus/genetics
Rotavirus Infections/epidemiology/virology
*Virus Diseases/epidemiology/virology
Acute Disease

@article {pmid42106756,
year = {2026},
author = {Saito, H and Tartari, E and Garlasco, J and Pittet, D and Allegranzi, B},
title = {Global landscape of locally produced alcohol-based handrub in health care settings: a scoping review.},
journal = {Antimicrobial resistance and infection control},
volume = {15},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42106756},
issn = {2047-2994},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Developing Countries ; *Ethanol ; *Hand Disinfection/methods ; Health Personnel ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Reliable access to alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) is essential for hand hygiene and infection prevention, yet many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) continue to face supply constraints. A 2011 WHO global assessment demonstrated that WHO-recommended ABHR formulations produced locally at low cost, were well accepted by healthcare workers, but also highlighted persistent barriers, including challenges in procuring ingredients and dispensers and in ensuring adequate quality control. This review aimed to provide an updated global synthesis of evidence on local ABHR production in healthcare settings.

METHODS: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, we systematically searched Embase, Medline, and CINAHL from inception to 19 March 2025. Two reviewers independently conducted title-abstract screening, full-text screening and data extraction. Primary research articles reporting local ABHR production in healthcare settings in LMICs were eligible for data extraction and descriptive synthesis.

RESULTS: Of 2343 articles screened, 31 studies from 19 countries were included (2006-2023). Over half (n = 18, 58%) were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic; 22 described health-facility production and 9 described factory-level manufacturing. Of the 22 health-facility production studies, 12 (55%) used WHO Formulation 1 (ethanol-based) or modifications thereof. Pharmacists most commonly led production at the health-facility level. Only 6% (two articles) reported the source of alcohol, and less than half evaluated efficacy or organoleptic properties (13 and 12, respectively). Most funded studies relied on high-income-country (HIC) grants (17 of 24, 71%).

CONCLUSIONS: Local ABHR production remains infrequently reported in the literature, although publications increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heavy reliance on short-term, HIC-funded initiatives raises concerns about the long-term scalability and sustainability of local ABHR production in LMICs. Strengthening national regulatory capacity, quality-control laboratories, and sustainable financing is critical to maintain safe ABHR access beyond pandemic contexts, for resilient national supply chains and in-country quality control capacity.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Developing Countries
*Ethanol
*Hand Disinfection/methods
Health Personnel
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42106840,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, H and Jin, G and Zhang, X},
title = {Older adults and online health misinformation: a systematic literature review.},
journal = {BMC psychology},
volume = {14},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42106840},
issn = {2050-7283},
support = {No. 24CXW053//National Social Science Fund Youth Project/ ; No. 12625311//Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Digital Media ; *Communication ; Aged ; *Internet ; *Health Literacy ; COVID-19 ; *Social Media ; *Health Communication ; },
abstract = {As older adults increasingly rely on the internet for health-related information, concerns about their vulnerability to online health misinformation have intensified. This systematic literature review synthesizes findings from 26 empirical studies published between 2000 and 2024 to examine how older adults interact with health misinformation in digital contexts. The review identifies a complex interplay of factors contributing to their susceptibility, including cognitive decline, gaps in digital and health literacy, emotional and psychological influences, and the role of social relationships. However, most studies lack theoretical grounding, platform-specific analysis, and geographical diversity. Conceptual inconsistencies and a COVID-19 research bias further limit generalizability. The review calls for clearer definitions, interdisciplinary approaches, and targeted interventions to address this urgent public health issue and provide a foundation for designing more targeted and effective interventions.},
}

Humans
Digital Media
*Communication
Aged
*Internet
*Health Literacy
COVID-19
*Social Media
*Health Communication

@article {pmid42106851,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhu, S and Li, X and Chen, R and Wu, S and Jiang, L and Li, M and Huang, L and Cui, N},
title = {Rare pediatric multi-system thrombosis post-COVID-19: a three-year follow-up case report and narrative review on rivaroxaban for long-term management.},
journal = {Orphanet journal of rare diseases},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42106851},
issn = {1750-1172},
support = {SZXK202106//Key Laboratory in Science and Technology Development Project of Suzhou/ ; SS202067//Key Laboratory in Science and Technology Development Project of Suzhou/ ; },
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Male ; Anticoagulants/therapeutic use ; *COVID-19/complications ; *Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Follow-Up Studies ; Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy/etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; *Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology ; *Thrombosis/drug therapy/etiology ; *Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy/etiology ; },
abstract = {This retrospective study presents a 10-year-old male with multi-systemic venous thromboembolism (VTE) secondary to COVID-19, including right ventricular thrombus(40 mm × 18 mm), bilateral iliac vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and renal vein thrombosis. The child presented with fever, abdominal pain, and elevated inflammatory markers (CRP 222.72 mg/L, WBC 22.41 × 10[[9]]/L). Imaging confirmed extensive thrombi in the right ventricle, pulmonary arteries, and lower extremities. Anticoagulation with rivaroxaban (10 mg QD) was initiated alongside anti-infective and anti-inflammatory therapies. Over a 3-year follow-up, thrombus burden significantly regressed, with D-dimer decreasing from 73 430 µg/L to 290 µg/L, and no recurrence or bleeding complications were observed. Coagulation parameters (PT, APTT) stabilized within therapeutic ranges. This case suggests the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban in long-term management of multi-system VTE in pediatric patient, especially in cases of COVID-19-associated hypercoagulability. The primary clinical outcomes were the resolution of thrombus burden as evidenced by imaging and the absence of bleeding complications or recurrence during the follow-up period. The findings align with emerging evidence supporting direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in children, emphasizing individualized dosing and long-term management. Further studies are warranted to validate DOACs' role in pediatric thrombosis, especially in the context of viral infections.},
}

Child
Humans
Male
Anticoagulants/therapeutic use
*COVID-19/complications
*Factor Xa Inhibitors/therapeutic use
Follow-Up Studies
Pulmonary Embolism/drug therapy/etiology
Retrospective Studies
*Rivaroxaban/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2/physiology
*Thrombosis/drug therapy/etiology
*Venous Thromboembolism/drug therapy/etiology

@article {pmid42107172,
year = {2026},
author = {Alenzi, TK and Alhussaini, NT and Alhazmi, OA and Althuwaiqeb, MS and Alotaibi, RF and Alqahtani, SM and Badroun, DK and Alotaibi, SA and Almehayawi, SS and Basamih, K and Al-Otaibi, WA and Allemailem, KS},
title = {Association of ABO blood groups with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Saudi Arabia based on a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of infection and public health},
volume = {19},
number = {6},
pages = {103240},
doi = {10.1016/j.jiph.2026.103240},
pmid = {42107172},
issn = {1876-035X},
mesh = {Humans ; Saudi Arabia/epidemiology ; *ABO Blood-Group System ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/blood ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Female ; Disease Susceptibility ; },
abstract = {Although previous studies and meta-analyses have suggested modest and population-dependent associations between ABO blood groups and susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, findings have remained inconsistent across different geographic regions. We synthesized data from nine studies conducted in Saudi Arabia between 2020 and 2024 to define national patterns. Eight datasets with extractable data contributed 7650 laboratory-confirmed cases to quantitative analyses. Group O accounted for the largest proportion of infections (random effects estimate 41.7%, 95% CI 38.0-45.6), followed by group A (27.8%, 95% CI 25.6-29.9) and group B (21.2%, 95% CI 18.0-24.6). Group AB represented the smallest fraction (6.4%, 95% CI 3.7-9.9). Substantial heterogeneity was observed across all blood groups (I[2] 72.1-96.5%) yet leave-one-out analyses confirmed stable pooled estimates. Statistical assessments provided no evidence of publication bias. The pooled distributions closely mirrored background ABO frequencies in the Saudi population, indicating that ABO-related differences in infection susceptibility are modest relative to epidemiologic and demographic factors.},
}

Humans
Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
*ABO Blood-Group System
*COVID-19/epidemiology/blood
SARS-CoV-2
Female
Disease Susceptibility

@article {pmid42107305,
year = {2026},
author = {Ching, LY and Kunnath, AP},
title = {The resurgent threat: human metapneumovirus in a post-pandemic landscape.},
journal = {Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease},
volume = {116},
number = {1},
pages = {117445},
doi = {10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2026.117445},
pmid = {42107305},
issn = {1879-0070},
mesh = {Humans ; *Metapneumovirus ; *Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis/virology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Seasons ; SARS-CoV-2 ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic profoundly disrupted global respiratory virus transmission. Widespread nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) sharply suppressed common pathogens, including human metapneumovirus (HMPV). However, as these measures were lifted, HMPV re-emerged with unexpected intensity-a resurgence driven primarily by population-wide "immunity debt" accrued during years of reduced viral exposure. Unlike influenza or RSV, HMPV's post-pandemic behavior has challenged long-held assumptions about seasonal respiratory virus dynamics. Traditional late-winter peaks have given way to out-of-season surges, year-round co-circulation with other viruses has become commonplace, and existing surveillance systems designed for a pre-pandemic world have proven inadequate. This review examines HMPV's renewed clinical and public health significance, focusing on epidemiological shifts, health system pressures, diagnostic gaps, and the critical need for coordinated, multi-pathogen preparedness. We argue that HMPV is no longer a minor seasonal pathogen but a persistent stressor requiring targeted countermeasures, including accelerated vaccine development, integrated surveillance, and healthcare system redesign.},
}

Humans
*Metapneumovirus
*Paramyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/prevention & control/diagnosis/virology
COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
Seasons
SARS-CoV-2

@article {pmid42107387,
year = {2026},
author = {Goode, JR and Rothholz, MC and Foster, SL and Brody, ER and Gräbenstein, JD},
title = {Pharmacy-Based Immunization Delivery: A Comprehensive History and Current Challenges.},
journal = {Journal of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy : JACCP},
volume = {9},
number = {6},
pages = {e70219},
doi = {10.1002/jac5.70219},
pmid = {42107387},
issn = {2574-9870},
mesh = {Humans ; United States ; *Pharmacists/organization & administration ; COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology ; History, 20th Century ; COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage ; History, 21st Century ; History, 19th Century ; *Immunization/history ; *Immunization Programs/history ; Professional Role ; Vaccines/administration & dosage ; },
abstract = {Pharmacists and their teams have a long history of involvement with vaccines. This paper describes the contributions of pharmacy-based immunization delivery in the United States from the 1800's to date. Early activities centered around storage and distribution of antitoxins and vaccines. From the 1950s through the early 1990s, pharmacists were facilitating administration of vaccines by other health care providers. In the early 1990s, efforts began to allow pharmacists to administer vaccines, with the first pharmacist immunization training in 1994. By 2009, all 50 states allowed pharmacists to administer vaccines. From the 1990s onward, pharmacists increasingly contributed to national vaccine policies and guidelines, and states expanded their authority to a broader range of patient ages and vaccines. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic opened more opportunities for pharmacy-based involvement, including federal expansion of immunizing authority to children aged 3 years and older, and the authority for pharmacy technicians and student pharmacists to administer vaccines. Pharmacists and their teams administered more than 50% of the COVID-19 vaccines. Today, the majority of adult vaccines are administered in pharmacy-based settings. Even with pharmacy's substantial contributions to immunization delivery in the United States, challenges persist for providers and patients, including inconsistent state-to-state immunizing authority by age and disease and payor payment. Pharmacy-based immunization delivery has become a significant contributor to improving public health by protecting against vaccine-preventable diseases.},
}

Humans
United States
*Pharmacists/organization & administration
COVID-19/prevention & control/epidemiology
History, 20th Century
COVID-19 Vaccines/administration & dosage
History, 21st Century
History, 19th Century
*Immunization/history
*Immunization Programs/history
Professional Role
Vaccines/administration & dosage

@article {pmid42107644,
year = {2026},
author = {Maio, N and Rouault, TA},
title = {Iron-sulfur cofactors in nucleic acid metabolism and protein synthesis: Assembly, delivery, and putative roles in cellular and viral systems.},
journal = {The Journal of biological chemistry},
volume = {302},
number = {6},
pages = {113129},
pmid = {42107644},
issn = {1083-351X},
mesh = {*Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism ; Humans ; *Iron/metabolism ; *Sulfur/metabolism ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; *Nucleic Acids/metabolism ; Animals ; Viral Proteins/metabolism ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; DNA Replication ; Virus Replication ; *Coenzymes/metabolism ; },
abstract = {Composed of iron (Fe) and inorganic sulfur (S), iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) are ancient cofactors present across all domains of life and in some viruses. Over the past 3 decades, cytosolic and nuclear Fe-S proteins have emerged as integral components of DNA replication and repair machineries, telomere maintenance pathways, transcriptional processes, cell cycle regulation, and protein synthesis. More recently, ISCs were identified in viral proteins, including multiple components of the SARS-CoV-2 replication and transcription complex (RTC), which collectively host seven experimentally verified Fe-S cofactors. The coexistence of multiple ISC-dependent enzymes within both cellular and viral replication machineries raises fundamental questions about how these metal cofactors coordinate genome maintenance, replication, and host-virus interactions. Here, we provide an inventory of known mammalian nucleocytoplasmic Fe-S proteins, discuss mechanisms of ISC acquisition, explore the potential roles of ISCs within cellular and viral replication complexes, and highlight critical gaps in our understanding of ISC delivery, coordination, and function among Fe-S proteins in large multi-subunit assemblies.},
}

*Iron-Sulfur Proteins/metabolism
Humans
*Iron/metabolism
*Sulfur/metabolism
*Protein Biosynthesis
*Nucleic Acids/metabolism
Animals
Viral Proteins/metabolism
SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
DNA Replication
Virus Replication
*Coenzymes/metabolism

@article {pmid42108283,
year = {2026},
author = {Azadinia, F and Shamsi, F and Ebrahimi-Takamjani, I and Rasouli, O},
title = {Changes in Quadriceps Force Control and Torque Quality Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury and Reconstruction: Associations with Functional Performance-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.},
journal = {Sports medicine - open},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42108283},
issn = {2199-1170},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Consistent force output is a critical indicator of the neuromuscular system's effectiveness. Although force signals inherently fluctuate, the ability of skeletal muscles to generate accurate and steady force offers insights into the system's adaptability and its ability to adjust motor control strategies to meet task demands. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize evidence on quadriceps force control in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and/or surgical reconstruction (ACLR). Additionally, it sought to explore the relationship between force control measures and physical function outcomes.

METHODS: A literature search was conducted across several databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus. Risk of bias was assessed using the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa tool. The study included individuals with unilateral ACL injury and/or ACLR, with comparisons to uninjured controls or unaffected contralateral limbs. Primary outcomes included torque quality, force accuracy, and force/torque steadiness, while secondary outcomes included function-related clinical questionnaires and performance tests. Eligible studies consisted of observational studies and baseline data from interventional studies published in English. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using a random effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 33 studies were included, comprising 20 individuals with ACLR, 12 with ACL injuries, and one with both. The meta-analysis showed significant effects of ACL injury (SMD = 0.84) and ACLR (SMD = 1.57) on quadriceps torque frequency content. Individuals with ACLR had a greater root mean squared error (RMSE) or absolute error (AE) in force output compared to healthy controls (SMD = 0.35) and exhibited a significant difference in the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the force signal (SMD = 0.22), indicating impaired force control in those with ACLR.

CONCLUSIONS: ACL injury impairs quadriceps force control in the injured limb, as shown by torque frequency content analysis. While ACL reconstruction is the gold standard for joint stability, it may not fully restore neuromuscular function, potentially compromising physical functioning. However, the limited number of high-quality studies may weaken these conclusions.

REGISTRATION: The review protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; registration number: CRD42024571495).},
}

@article {pmid42109487,
year = {2026},
author = {Hu, Y and Li, J and Zheng, Y and Cheng, Y and Li, W and Wang, X and Sun, Y},
title = {Epidemiology and clinical impact of pediatric RSV co-infections after the COVID-19 pandemic: a narrative review.},
journal = {Frontiers in pediatrics},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1787312},
pmid = {42109487},
issn = {2296-2360},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic profoundly disrupted the global epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), leading to atypical off-season surges and altering infection dynamics across different climatic zones. This review synthesizes evidence on the landscape of pediatric RSV co-infections in this transformed post-pandemic context. RSV co-infection is frequent, with human rhinovirus (HRV) being the most common viral co-pathogen and Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn) and Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) predominating as bacterial co-infections. Critically, these co-infections are significantly associated with heightened disease severity, including more intense clinical presentations, prolonged hospitalizations, increased intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates, and greater therapeutic complexity. The relaxation of non-pharmaceutical interventions has been linked to a rebound in co-infection rates. While advances in molecular diagnostics have improved detection, and new prophylactics like nirsevimab offer promise, significant challenges remain. These include gaps in understanding pathogenic synergies, inequities in access to novel interventions, and the need for strategies to manage the ongoing evolution of RSV epidemiology. This underscores the necessity for enhanced surveillance, equitable prevention, and targeted research to mitigate the substantial burden of pediatric RSV co-infections.},
}

@article {pmid42111388,
year = {2026},
author = {Bongiovanni, G and Polelli, V and Stainer, A and Russo, M and Gatti, R and Aliberti, S and Amati, F},
title = {Home-based rehabilitation in interstitial lung disease: picturing the present and drawing the future through a systematic review of the literature.},
journal = {ERJ open research},
volume = {12},
number = {2},
pages = {},
pmid = {42111388},
issn = {2312-0541},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Rehabilitation represents a key nonpharmacological treatment for patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). As a consequence of improvement in technologies and social distancing in the SARS-CoV-2 era, a growing body of evidence demonstrated the effectiveness of tele-rehabilitation programmes for chronic respiratory diseases.

METHODS: We conducted a systematic review to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) on tele-rehabilitation in ILD and extended the search to ongoing trials.

RESULTS: Throughout our research, we identified four RCTs describing home rehabilitation in ILD. All RCTs were heterogenous small trials. Thus, a meta-analysis could not be performed, and data were reported in a descriptive way. The primary outcomes of the RCTs analysed included both physical and functional measures. We also identified through ClinicalTrials.gov four ongoing clinical trials investigating pulmonary rehabilitation in ILD with a considerable degree of heterogeneity regarding the populations included. In our systematic review, we also highlighted the key pillars for future trials in the field.

CONCLUSION: Potential treatment trajectories on outcomes of ILD patients related to the implementation of tele-rehabilitation are also discussed.},
}

@article {pmid42111593,
year = {2026},
author = {Zhao, J and Wang, J and Jiang, L and Li, F and Ji, L and Jin, H},
title = {Pandemic fatigue and associated factors: a meta-analysis using the COM-B model.},
journal = {Frontiers in psychology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1765375},
pmid = {42111593},
issn = {1664-1078},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pandemic fatigue during the prolonged COVID-19 crisis undermines sustained engagement with protective measures and public health messaging. Existing studies provide heterogeneous prevalence estimates and disparate lists of correlates but lack a unified, theory-driven synthesis.

METHODS: Searches were conducted in six databases up until March 2026. This study synthesized the prevalence of pandemic fatigue and factors associated with it during COVID-19 using the COM-B model and TDF theory.

RESULTS: Twenty-three cross-sectional studies (n = 49,285) were included. The pooled prevalence of pandemic fatigue was 51% (95%CI: 0.38, 0.65), with substantial heterogeneity. Health literacy (Capability) was inversely associated with fatigue (β = -0.257, 95%CI: -0.404, -0.110). Opportunity-related stressors-including bereavement due to COVID-19 (β = 0.281, 95%CI: 0.124, 0.437), daily troubles (β = 0.296, 95%CI:0.211, 0.380), and working student status (β = 0.232, 95%CI: 0.122, 0.341)-were positively associated with pandemic fatigue. Motivation-related factors showed mixed associations, whereas negative emotional states were associated with higher odds of pandemic fatigue.

CONCLUSION: Pandemic fatigue is common and was associated with diverse capability-, opportunity-, and motivation-related factors. A COM-B-informed interpretation suggests multi-level strategies that combine skills building, supportive environments, and psychosocial support.},
}

@article {pmid42112438,
year = {2026},
author = {Liu, Y and Zhang, Y and Liang, L and Zhang, H and Zhang, T and Rong, X and Tan, J and Mi, Y},
title = {Engineering strategies and decision frameworks for virus-like particle-based vaccines against infectious diseases.},
journal = {Frontiers in microbiology},
volume = {17},
number = {},
pages = {1795711},
pmid = {42112438},
issn = {1664-302X},
abstract = {Virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a versatile and clinically validated platform for developing safe, effective vaccines against infectious diseases. However, the expanding toolkit of VLP engineering strategies-spanning genetic fusion, modular conjugation, and nucleic acid encapsulation-creates a critical need for a rational selection framework to match technological strengths with specific vaccine objectives. This review addresses this gap by constructing a comparative decision-making framework centered on four core engineering dimensions: cargo flexibility, loading specificity, functional efficiency, and manufacturability. We systematically juxtapose two principal technology streams: (1) the display of protein antigens (through genetic, chemical, and bio-conjugation) and (2) the encapsulation of nucleic acid cargo (via physical, electrostatic, and programmable packaging mechanisms), evaluating each within this unified framework. This technological dissection is directly linked to the development landscape of VLP-based vaccines against major pathogens-including HBV, HPV, malaria, influenza, and SARS-CoV-2-illustrating how strategic choices at the engineering level fundamentally underpin immunogenic potency and translational success. By sequentially considering immunological objectives, antigen compatibility, surface display modality, interior cargo integration, and manufacturing constraints, this framework facilitates rational, stepwise VLP vaccine design. Looking forward, we discuss emerging trends toward modular and computationally guided platforms for antigen placement and scaffold design. By integrating a structured technology assessment with translational insights, this review aims to provide a practical roadmap for the rational design and accelerated development of next-generation, broadly protective VLP-based vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid42113367,
year = {2026},
author = {Shukla, S and Sharma, MP and Rashmi, R and Misra, G},
title = {Long non-coding RNAs as modulators of endocrine therapy response in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer.},
journal = {Molecular biology reports},
volume = {53},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42113367},
issn = {1573-4978},
mesh = {Humans ; *Breast Neoplasms/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism ; Female ; *RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics ; Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics ; *Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use/pharmacology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Tumor Microenvironment/genetics/drug effects ; Signal Transduction/drug effects ; },
abstract = {Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer accounting for 70-80% of diagnosed cases. The current treatment approaches include both endocrine monotherapy and combinational strategies incorporating targeted signaling pathway inhibitors. Despite recent therapeutic advances that have significantly improved patient outcomes, the development of resistance to endocrine therapies leads to relapses and treatment failure. Emerging evidence has shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are therapeutic modulators; however, their involvement in clinical studies has not been much explored. In HR+ breast cancer, lncRNAs influence both sensitivity and resistance to endocrine therapy by modulating estrogen receptor (ER) function, switching between alternative survival pathways, and altering tumor epigenetics and tumor microenvironment. The major focus of this comprehensive review is to understand the role of lncRNAs in overcoming the endocrine resistance issues in the treatment of HR+ breast cancer. It presents a comprehensive approach focused on endocrine therapy mechanisms, resistance, and adaptive escape pathways of HR+ tumor cells. By mapping these mechanisms of endocrine therapy, the review reveals novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of HR+ breast cancer. Lastly, it highlights the specialized lncRNA-based therapeutics for bone metastatic niches in HR+ breast cancer and current approaches of therapeutic targeting of lncRNAs for disease treatment.},
}

Humans
*Breast Neoplasms/genetics/drug therapy/metabolism
Female
*RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics/metabolism
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism/genetics
*Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use/pharmacology
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
Tumor Microenvironment/genetics/drug effects
Signal Transduction/drug effects

@article {pmid42114091,
year = {2026},
author = {Johnson, D and Quinn, S and Algase, LF and Watkins, C and , },
title = {Telemedicine Policy and Practice: A Position Paper From the American College of Physicians.},
journal = {Annals of internal medicine},
volume = {179},
number = {7},
pages = {1030-1032},
doi = {10.7326/ANNALS-25-04194},
pmid = {42114091},
issn = {1539-3704},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 ; *Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence/economics/organization & administration ; United States ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; *Health Policy ; Licensure, Medical ; Health Services Accessibility ; Patient Safety ; Practice Patterns, Physicians' ; },
abstract = {In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, federal policymakers temporarily lifted long-standing restrictions on telemedicine, resulting in an unprecedented and rapid expansion of virtual care across video, audio, and asynchronous modalities. When integrated into longitudinal care relationships, telemedicine can increase access, reduce patient burden, and support continuity for people facing geographic, mobility, or socioeconomic barriers. However, telemedicine also introduces new clinical, regulatory, equity, and safety challenges that require deliberate policy design. Beyond its clinical considerations, telehealth offers environmental and logistical benefits, including reduced travel time and cost, decreased fuel consumption, lower transportation expenses, and lower greenhouse gas emissions. In this position paper, the American College of Physicians updates its previous policy paper on telemedicine to reflect changes in payment policy, licensure, prescribing authority, and utilization patterns that have occurred over the past decade and accelerated during the COVID-19 public health emergency. This paper focuses on access, payment policy, licensure, prescribing practices, equity, and patient safety across federal and state programs and private payers and emphasizes the conditions under which telemedicine should be integrated into clinical practice. Key developments addressed include the expansion and partial lapse of Medicare telemedicine waivers, evolving U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration rules governing prescribing, increased reliance on interstate practice, and normalization of telemedicine by private payers.},
}

Humans
COVID-19
*Telemedicine/legislation & jurisprudence/economics/organization & administration
United States
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
*Health Policy
Licensure, Medical
Health Services Accessibility
Patient Safety
Practice Patterns, Physicians'

@article {pmid42115141,
year = {2026},
author = {Yang, MJ and Bohnet-Joschko, S},
title = {Thematic Mapping and Evolution of Social Media Mining in Health Research: Hybrid Bibliometric Synthesis.},
journal = {Journal of medical Internet research},
volume = {28},
number = {},
pages = {e86200},
pmid = {42115141},
issn = {1438-8871},
mesh = {*Bibliometrics ; *Data Mining/methods ; *Social Media ; Humans ; Machine Learning ; PubMed ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Social media platforms offer extensive data, as they are widely used globally. Social media mining (SMM) enables real-time monitoring of user-reported health information and serves as a supplement to traditional health data analytics. However, the rapid proliferation of literature has produced fragmentation, and a comprehensive knowledge map regarding SMM is lacking. Further, existing bibliometric reviews in health fields are easily undermined by synonym fragmentation and parameter settings, reducing their robustness. Thus, a more robust, reproducible, and decision-oriented bibliometric framework is required.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to (1) outline key thematic clusters in health-related SMM and map their dynamic evolution, and (2) methodologically demonstrate how machine learning-based bibliometric analysis can strengthen the robustness, transparency, and foresight capacity of evidence synthesis.

METHODS: This study designed a fully automated and reproducible bibliometric analysis of PubMed journal articles published from 2015 to 2025 (n=250) and analyzed records with both abstracts and keywords (n=189). We performed cleaning and standardization for titles, abstracts, author keywords, and MeSH terms, and carried out an exploratory descriptive analysis to obtain preliminary insights into publication patterns. Subsequently, we used SPECTER2 and PubMedBERT embeddings with keywords and abstracts to construct a hybrid similarity matrix. Then, we applied Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection for dimensionality reduction, followed by Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise for thematic clustering, and visualized the results in a 3D strategic coordinate system (maturity, influence, and recency). We performed intercluster relationship analysis and time-slice analysis to examine thematic intersections and evolution. To ensure robustness and enhance interpretability, we implemented dual-level validation.

RESULTS: We identified 6 thematic clusters: cluster 1 (candidate incubator pool of peripheral cross-cutting topics in health-related SMM), cluster 2 (computational methods in health informatics), cluster 3 (public attitudes and sociopsychological determinants), cluster 4 (infodemiology and the COVID-19 information ecosystem), cluster 5 (health communication and public health engagement), and cluster 6 (social media analysis and network methods). Strategic 3D mapping revealed that methodological clusters (clusters 2 and 6) occupied high-maturity and high-influence positions, while application-driven clusters (clusters 3 and 4) occupied high-influence and high-recency positions, representing rapidly expanding frontiers. Clusters 1 and 5 demonstrated strong potential for further growth. Temporal slicing confirmed a trajectory moving from methodological consolidation and thematic diversification to a renewed focus on convergence and problem-solving. Validation showed strong semantic coherence and robustness of the methods and findings.

CONCLUSIONS: We developed a semantic-structural hybrid bibliometric framework with dual-level validation, reducing synonym fragmentation and parameter sensitivity inherent in traditional approaches. The resulting decision-oriented knowledge map offers strategic guidance for infodemiology-informed and audience-segmented public health communication, research priority settings, and the deployment and evaluation of real-world surveillance and pharmacovigilance workflows while supporting evidence-driven and patient-centered decision-making in public health and health care.},
}

*Bibliometrics
*Data Mining/methods
*Social Media
Humans
Machine Learning
PubMed

@article {pmid42115792,
year = {2026},
author = {Manti, S and Licari, A and Del Giudice, MM and Tosca, MA and Ciprandi, G and Marseglia, G},
title = {Pragmatic management of acute cough in children and adolescents: an updated position paper by the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP).},
journal = {Allergologia et immunopathologia},
volume = {54},
number = {3},
pages = {31-41},
pmid = {42115792},
issn = {1578-1267},
support = {//The publication was supported by the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP)./ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; *Cough/therapy/diagnosis/etiology ; Acute Disease ; Italy ; Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Allergy and Immunology ; Societies, Medical ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cough is one of the most common and distressing symptoms in pediatric practice and represents a major cause of medical consultation, parental anxiety, and inappropriate medication use. Although most acute cough episodes are benign and self-limiting, they can significantly affect child's sleep, school performance, and quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent changes in infection patterns and immune responses have further highlighted the need to update the existing clinical guidance.

OBJECTIVE: This joint position paper by the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (SIAIP) aims to provide a pragmatic, evidence-based update on the management of acute and post-viral cough in children and adolescents, integrating recent scientific advances and real-world clinical experiences.

METHODS: A multidisciplinary board of experts from SIAIP critically reviewed the literature published from 2019 to 2025 and updated the previous 2019 SIAIP document. The group achieved consensus on diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations through structured discussion and iterative revision.

RESULTS: The document emphasizes a stepwise approach to pediatric acute cough, starting with careful history-taking, clinical evaluation, and reassurance. Non-pharmacological measures-hydration, nasal saline irrigation, and avoidance of irritants-remain the first-line management. Pharmacological therapy may be considered in selected cases where cough is particularly distressing or significantly interferes with sleep; peripherally acting, nonsedative antitussives represent a reasonable option in terms of efficacy and safety. Centrally acting antitussives and unnecessary antibiotics should be avoided. Standardized, high-quality natural medical devices-with appropriate supporting evidence-represent a valid option. Honey-based preparations can be considered as complementary options. The paper also discusses new insights into cough pathophysiology, particularly the role of airway sensory hypersensitivity and neurogenic inflammation, which are paving the way for mechanism-based treatments.

CONCLUSIONS: This position paper provides an updated, pragmatic framework for the management of acute and post-viral cough in children and adolescents. It promotes rational drug use, integration of non-pharmacological and complementary measures, and awareness of emerging therapeutic targets. A mechanism-driven, individualized, and family-centered approach is advocated to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life for pediatric patients.},
}

Humans
Adolescent
Child
*Cough/therapy/diagnosis/etiology
Acute Disease
Italy
Antitussive Agents/therapeutic use
SARS-CoV-2
Allergy and Immunology
Societies, Medical
Quality of Life

@article {pmid42116176,
year = {2026},
author = {Soliman, AR and Abouzeid, A and Ahmed, HH},
title = {Obesity and respiratory diseases: mechanisms, phenotypes, and clinical implications.},
journal = {Diabetology & metabolic syndrome},
volume = {18},
number = {1},
pages = {},
pmid = {42116176},
issn = {1758-5996},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Obesity has emerged as a global pandemic with profound implications for respiratory health. The complex interplay between excessive adiposity and pulmonary function encompasses mechanical, metabolic, and inflammatory pathways that significantly impact morbidity and mortality.

OBJECTIVES: This comprehensive review synthesizes current evidence on obesity-related respiratory disorders, examining pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, epidemiological trends, and therapeutic considerations across the spectrum of respiratory diseases. This review provides a novel integrative framework unifying mechanical, inflammatory, and metabolic mechanisms across all major obesity-related respiratory conditions, with emphasis on clinically actionable phenotyping and emerging pharmacological therapies.

METHODS: We conducted a narrative review of peer-reviewed literature (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Database, January 2000 - December 2024, using pre-specified MeSH terms; study selection and quality assessment followed SANRA guidelines focusing on the relationship between obesity and respiratory disorders including asthma, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respiratory infections, and lung cancer.

RESULTS: Obesity profoundly affects respiratory mechanics through a right-shift of the static volume-pressure relationship of the chest wall, reducing FRC and ERV without a true restrictive pattern, altered respiratory muscle function, and systemic inflammation. Asthma prevalence increases with body mass index, demonstrating distinct phenotypes including atopic, insulin-resistant, dyslipidemic, and non-Th2 neutrophilic subtypes. OSA affects 22% of men and 17% of women, with obesity being the principal modifiable risk factor. OHS occurs in 8-20% of obese patients with sleep-disordered breathing, characterized by daytime hypercapnia (arising from impaired neuromuscular ventilatory drive and progressive nocturnal hypoventilation) and increased cardiovascular mortality. Paradoxically, obesity appears protective in advanced COPD by reducing FRC, thereby increasing inspiratory capacity and limiting dynamic pulmonary hyperinflation, and ARDS-the so-called obesity paradox-while conferring increased risk in COVID-19 pneumonitis. In lung cancer, obesity demonstrates complex relationships with risk and prognosis that vary by sex, smoking status, and disease stage.

CONCLUSIONS: Obesity-related respiratory disorders represent a multifaceted clinical challenge requiring integrated multidisciplinary approaches. Understanding distinct phenotypes and pathophysiological mechanisms is essential for personalized therapeutic strategies addressing both weight management and respiratory-specific interventions. Emerging pharmacological therapies including GLP-1 receptor agonists and dual GIP/GLP-1 agonists show particular promise in improving OSA severity and airway inflammation.},
}

@article {pmid42116640,
year = {2026},
author = {Verryt, C and Gray, P and McNaughton, P and Peake, J and Wong, M and Aho, G and Best, E and Brewerton, M and Lutui, F and Tulifau, LE and Qin, R and Viali, S and White, P and Wood, A and Woon, ST and Cole, T and Charry, AP and Hsiao, KC},
title = {Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Heritable IFNAR1 Deficiency in Oceania.},
journal = {Journal of paediatrics and child health},
volume = {62},
number = {7},
pages = {1113-1120},
pmid = {42116640},
issn = {1440-1754},
mesh = {Humans ; *Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency/genetics ; Oceania ; Australia ; *Virus Diseases ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; },
abstract = {Autosomal recessive interferon alpha and beta receptor subunit 1 (IFNAR1) deficiency is a rare and heritable inborn error of immunity (IEI) predisposing individuals to severe and life-threatening viral infections. It is more common in people of Western Polynesian ancestry, with estimates of around one in six thousand live births affected, due to being homozygous for or having two copies of the regionally relevant pathogenic IFNAR1 variant c.1156G>T, p.Glu386*. IFNAR1 deficiency confers an increased risk of severe and life-threatening infections caused by naturally circulating viruses including influenza, SARS-CoV-2, herpes simplex virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), arboviruses and viruses in live attenuated vaccines (LAVs) including measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and yellow fever. Complications including virus induced systemic hyperinflammation (VISH) are associated with significant mortality. This document outlines expert consensus regarding early identification, diagnostic workup and management of IFNAR1 deficiency in Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand and Western Pacific nations.},
}

Humans
*Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency/genetics
Oceania
Australia
*Virus Diseases
Practice Guidelines as Topic

@article {pmid42117022,
year = {2026},
author = {Yousefi, M and Sheydaee, F and Khoshnoodifar, M},
title = {E-learning Challenges among Healthcare Students: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of advances in medical education & professionalism},
volume = {14},
number = {2},
pages = {129-147},
pmid = {42117022},
issn = {2322-2220},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Despite the growing reliance on e-learning and the paradigm-shifting impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on educational systems, there is a lack of up-to-date evidence on the specific challenges that healthcare students confront in practical courses. Thus, this scoping review aims to address the challenges of E-learning among healthcare students post-pandemic and to provide possible solutions.

METHODS: This study was undertaken using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. A search of English-language materials and peer-reviewed articles was performed from January 2020 to November 18, 2023, across five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, and EMBASE. Quality appraisal was done using JBI checklists.

RESULTS: Of the 4,559 potential records, 95 articles were included in this study. Using thematic analysis, 12 themes were identified, including Rapid progression and obligatory shift, Physical and mental problems of learners, Low digital literacy, Technical problems, Financial burden, Challenges of designing a practical course, Omission of learners' feedback in Designing, Learning contents and adopted strategy challenges, Unpreparedness of users, Lack of engagement and distracting learning environment, Lack of users' security and support, and Summative evaluation challenges.

CONCLUSION: Although a vast majority of literature highlights the effectiveness of E-learning courses, weaknesses such as engagement, interaction, development of practical skills, and evaluation of challenges are mentioned in literature. Thus, the use of blended learning in the LMICs in conjunction with instructional models, like the ADDIE model, is strongly recommended throughout the entire learning process to forecast upcoming challenges and prevent them, thereby boosting the quality of an E-learning course.},
}

@article {pmid42117444,
year = {2026},
author = {Iannizzi, C and Chai, KL and Piechotta, V and Monsef, I and Wood, EM and Lamikanra, AA and Roberts, DJ and McQuilten, Z and So-Osman, C and Jindal, A and Estcourt, LJ and Skoetz, N and Kreuzberger, N},
title = {Convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19.},
journal = {The Cochrane database of systematic reviews},
volume = {5},
number = {5},
pages = {CD013600},
pmid = {42117444},
issn = {1469-493X},
support = {101015756/ERC_/European Research Council/International ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; COVID-19 Serotherapy ; *COVID-19/therapy/mortality ; Immunization, Passive/methods/adverse effects ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Quality of Life ; Betacoronavirus ; },
abstract = {RATIONALE: Convalescent plasma (CP) may reduce mortality in people with viral respiratory diseases, and is being investigated as a potential therapy for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A thorough understanding of the current body of evidence regarding the benefits and risks of this intervention is required.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of convalescent plasma transfusion in the treatment of people with COVID-19.

SEARCH METHODS: To identify completed and ongoing studies, we searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, the Epistemonikos COVID-19 L*OVE Platform, and clinical trial registries to October 2024.

ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating convalescent plasma for people with COVID-19, irrespective of disease severity, age, gender, or ethnicity. We excluded studies investigating other coronavirus diseases or standard immunoglobulin.

OUTCOMES: We used the GRADE approach to rate the certainty of evidence for the following outcomes: all-cause mortality (up to day 28), worsening and improvement of clinical status (for individuals with moderate to severe disease), hospital admission or death, COVID-19 symptoms resolution (for individuals with mild disease), quality of life (QoL), grade 3/4 adverse events, and serious adverse events.

RISK OF BIAS: We used RoB 2 to assess bias in included studies.

SYNTHESIS METHODS: We followed standard Cochrane methodology.

INCLUDED STUDIES: We included 48 RCTs (24,518 participants), 15 of which were added in this update. We also identified 36 new ongoing studies and 33 completed studies awaiting classification.

SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS: Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 and moderate to severe disease Forty-two RCTs investigated the use of CP for 21,393 participants with moderate to severe disease. Of these, 36 RCTs (20,798 participants) compared CP to placebo or standard care, five (604 participants) to standard plasma, and one (190 participants) to human immunoglobulin. In the full review, we performed subgroup analyses by antibody detection, time since symptom onset, country income level, and key comorbidities. Convalescent plasma versus placebo or standard care alone CP does not reduce all-cause mortality at up to day 28 (risk ratio (RR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90 to 1.03; 31 RCTs, 20,798 participants; high-certainty evidence). It has little to no impact on the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.08; 8 RCTs, 15,189 participants; high-certainty evidence) and has no impact on whether participants are discharged from hospital (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.02; 9 RCTs, 13,930 participants; high-certainty evidence). CP may have little to no impact on QoL (MD 1.00, 95% CI -2.14 to 4.14; 1 RCT, 483 participants; low-certainty evidence). CP may have little to no impact on the risk of grade 3/4 adverse events (RR 1.17, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.42; 6 RCTs, 2392 participants; low-certainty evidence). It probably has little to no effect on the risk of serious adverse events (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.38; 11 studies, 5298 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Convalescent plasma versus standard plasma The evidence is uncertain about whether CP reduces all-cause mortality at up to day 28 (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.53 to 1.10; 5 RCTs, 604 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and whether it increases the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, or death (RR 5.59, 95% CI 0.29 to 108.38; 1 study, 34 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The evidence is uncertain about whether convalescent plasma reduces or increases the risk of grade 3/4 adverse events (1 RCT, 248 participants). The evidence is also uncertain about whether CP reduces the risk of serious adverse events (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.17; 4 RCTs, 447 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No studies in this comparison reported clinical improvement or QoL. Individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild disease Six RCTs investigated the use of CP for 2761 participants with mild disease. Four RCTs (1164 participants) compared CP to placebo or standard care alone, and two (1597 participants) to standard plasma. Convalescent plasma versus placebo or standard care alone The evidence is uncertain about whether CP reduces all-cause mortality at up to day 28 (odds ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% CI 0.33 to 4.60; 3 RCTs, 1004 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and admission to hospital or death within 28 days (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.04 to 4.81; 2 RCTs, 493 participants; very low-certainty evidence). It may have little to no impact on time to COVID-19 symptom resolution (hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.30; 1 RCT, 376 participants) and on the risk of grade 3/4 adverse events (RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.75 to 2.19; 1 RCT, 376 participants), both with low-certainty evidence. The evidence is uncertain about whether CP has an impact on the risk of serious adverse events (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.26; 2 RCTs, 494 participants; very low-certainty evidence). No studies in this comparison reported other critical outcomes. Convalescent plasma versus standard plasma The evidence is uncertain about whether CP reduces all-cause mortality at up to day 28 (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.05 to 3.06; 2 RCTs, 1597 participants; very low-certainty evidence). It probably reduces admission to hospital or death within 28 days (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.78; 2 RCTs, 1597 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). CP may have little to no effect on initial symptom resolution at up to day 28 (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.54; 1 RCT, 416 participants; low-certainty evidence). Neither study in this comparison reported other critical outcomes.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Compared with placebo or standard care, high-certainty evidence shows that CP does not reduce mortality in individuals with moderate to severe disease and has little to no effect on clinical improvement or worsening. CP probably has little to no effect on serious adverse events. Publication of ongoing studies might resolve some of the uncertainties around CP therapy for people with asymptomatic or mild disease. This review was previously a living systematic review, from the first version published in 2020 until our last search in October 2024. The research question is no longer a priority for decision-making, new studies are less frequently published, and research that might impact the conclusions of the review is no longer emerging.

FUNDING: The European Commission, Belgium SUPorting high quality evaluation of COVID-19 convalescent plasma thrOughouT Europe (SUPPORT-E, grant number 101015756) supported this review.

REGISTRATION: Protocol registered with the Center for Open Science on 17 April 2020 (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/DWF53). Access the 2023 version of this review here: DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD013600.pub6.},
}

Humans
Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
COVID-19 Serotherapy
*COVID-19/therapy/mortality
Immunization, Passive/methods/adverse effects
SARS-CoV-2
Quality of Life
Betacoronavirus

@article {pmid42117901,
year = {2026},
author = {Scaglione, F and Ciprandi, G},
title = {Corticosteroids or NSAIDs in Managing Acute Respiratory Infections: Valuable Differences.},
journal = {Journal of immunology research},
volume = {2026},
number = {1},
pages = {e9991040},
pmid = {42117901},
issn = {2314-7156},
mesh = {Humans ; *Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use ; *Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use ; *Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; Acute Disease ; },
abstract = {Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used for respiratory infections. These drugs work by blocking two enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which regulate the production of prostaglandins, mediators involved in pain, fever, and inflammation. Corticosteroids (CSs) are commonly used in outpatient settings for anti-inflammatory purposes in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, their potential side effects, such as immunosuppression and increased metabolism, can be overlooked, even at low doses. Their use is clearly defined for severe conditions. Other infections, such as community-acquired pneumonia, pharyngotonsillitis, or otitis, do not have supportive data for the use of systemic CSs. For COVID-19, CSs are beneficial for severe cases that require ventilation, while they may not be helpful in mild cases. Infection-induced inflammation is associated with oxidative stress, a condition that arises from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inadequate antioxidant responses. This stress worsens inflammatory reactions and can lead to severe respiratory infections and tissue damage. Managing oxidative stress is crucial in treating respiratory infections, and both CSs and NSAIDs can help reduce it. NSAIDs are preferred for treating symptoms such as fever and pain during the early phases of infections, especially viral ones, without hindering the immune response. CSs are powerful anti-inflammatory medications that are useful for treating infections in patients with asthma or allergies. However, CSs are not recommended for relieving pain and fever and can weaken the immune response. Both NSAIDs and steroids can mask serious infections, so doctors must be cautious in their use.},
}

Humans
*Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
*Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
*Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy
Oxidative Stress/drug effects
COVID-19
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Acute Disease

@article {pmid42118190,
year = {2026},
author = {Ebell, M and Kurotschka, P},
title = {Effectiveness of Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir for Outpatients in the Era of Omicron, Vaccination, and Previous Infection: A Meta-analysis.},
journal = {Journal of general internal medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {42118190},
issn = {1525-1497},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Since the benefit of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (N-R) may have changed in contemporary patients, we assessed the effectiveness of N-R for preventing hospitalization and death among outpatients with COVID-19 in the Omicron era.

METHODS: This was a meta-analysis of cohort studies comparing rates of hospitalization and/or mortality in outpatients treated with N-R compared with untreated patients. Analysis was limited to studies conducted since December 2021 that performed an adjusted multivariate analysis. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Summary estimates of adjusted relative risks (aRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI) were calculated overall and for prespecified subgroups. Heterogeneity was summarized visually and with τ and 95% PIs. Absolute effects were estimated by applying pooled aRRs to baseline risks to obtain absolute risk reductions (ARRs) and numbers needed to treat (NNTs).

RESULTS: Forty-seven studies (10,791,211 patients) were included. Pooled aRRs were 0.54 (95% CI, 0.43-0.68) for all-cause hospitalization and 0.45 (0.36-0.56) for COVID-19 hospitalization. Pooled RRs were 0.30 (0.23-0.39) for all-cause mortality and 0.43 (0.32-0.59) for COVID-19 mortality. PIs were < 1.0 for COVID-19 hospitalization (0.21-0.96), all-cause mortality (0.11-0.83), and any mortality (0.13-0.88), indicating likely benefit in future studies in similar settings. Subgroup analyses showed larger effects earlier in the Omicron period for hospitalization (RR 0.46 vs 0.68; p = 0.0049) and the composite outcome (0.45 vs 0.68; p = 0.0078), and a smaller mortality reduction among immunocompromised patients (RR 0.26 vs 0.11; p = 0.034). The estimated NNT to prevent a COVID-19 hospitalization for patients at low risk (0.16%), moderate risk (2.2%), and high risk (8.9%) of hospitalization based on a validated risk score were 1148, 84, and 20 respectively.

DISCUSSION: N-R is associated with reduced hospitalization and death. Absolute risk reductions of hospitalization are small in low-risk patients but clinically meaningful in moderate- and high-risk patients.},
}

@article {pmid42119693,
year = {2026},
author = {Schomerus, G and Nicolas, ML and Fritz, F and Schneider, D and Büchner, R},
title = {What is the Role of "the Psyche"? Long COVID and ME/CFS as Test Cases for Evidence-Based and Patient-Centered Psychiatry and Psychotherapy.},
journal = {Psychiatrische Praxis},
volume = {53},
number = {5},
pages = {263-269},
pmid = {42119693},
issn = {1439-0876},
mesh = {Humans ; *Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/psychology/therapy ; *Psychotherapy ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Evidence-Based Medicine ; *Patient-Centered Care ; *COVID-19/psychology ; Psychiatry ; },
abstract = {The role of psychological factors in the development and course of Long Covid (LC) and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) remains a subject of controversial debate. We argue that psychologizing LC and ME/CFS carries significant risks: it leads to potentially harmful therapies, invalidates the patients' experience of illness, hinders effective interventions such as pacing, diverts focus from necessary physical diagnostics and treatment, disadvantages patients in medical assessments, and places a considerable additional burden on the families of affected children or other relatives. We show that many of the arguments presented for a psychological contribution are nonspecific or insufficiently supported by empirical evidence. Our essay therefore advocates for extreme caution in attributing psychological factors to these conditions, in the interest of a specific, evidence-based, and patient-centered psychiatry and psychotherapy.},
}

Humans
*Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic/psychology/therapy
*Psychotherapy
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Evidence-Based Medicine
*Patient-Centered Care
*COVID-19/psychology
Psychiatry