@article {pmid38532658,
year = {2024},
author = {Glavina, A and Badrov, J and Lukenda, M and Džaja, K and Biočina-Lukenda, D and Lugović-Mihić, L},
title = {COVID-19 and oral lesions: 2020-2024 outpatient case series and literature review.},
journal = {Acta dermatovenerologica Alpina, Pannonica, et Adriatica},
volume = {33},
number = {1},
pages = {41-48},
pmid = {38532658},
issn = {1581-2979},
mesh = {Humans ; Middle Aged ; *Candidiasis ; *COVID-19 ; Outpatients ; Prevalence ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Male ; Female ; },
abstract = {Data on oral lesions of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are conflicting, and there are few evidence-based data on oral lesions directly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The aim of this case series and literature review is to determine the prevalence of oral lesions associated with COVID-19 in outpatients and identify oral manifestations that are likely associated with COVID-19. We present 15 patients that came for their first specialist examination to the Oral Medicine Outpatient Clinic, Dental Clinic, Split, Croatia between November 2020 and January 2024. Their medical and dental history was taken following CARE guidelines. The prevalence of oral lesions associated with SARS-CoV-2 was 1.42% during the 4-year follow-up period. The most common oral lesions were nonspecific erosions, stomatitis, salivary flow disorders (xerostomia, oligosialia), salivary gland diseases (sialadenitis, chronic sialadenitis), candidiasis, pigmentation, aphthae, burning mouth syndrome, and geographic and fissured tongue. The mean latency period was 25.1 days. The site most commonly affected was the tongue (61.5%). Oral lesions associated with COVID-19 occurred in middle-aged patients, with an equal distribution by sex. They presented in a mild form and did not correlate with the severity of the clinical picture of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Middle Aged
*Candidiasis
*COVID-19
Outpatients
Prevalence
SARS-CoV-2
Male
Female

@article {pmid38532539,
year = {2024},
author = {Białkowski, A and Soszyński, P and Stencel, D and Religioni, U},
title = {Consequences of Insufficient Physical Activity: A Comparative Analysis of Poland and Europe.},
journal = {Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research},
volume = {30},
number = {},
pages = {e942552},
pmid = {38532539},
issn = {1643-3750},
mesh = {Humans ; Europe ; *Exercise ; Pandemics ; Poland/epidemiology ; Quality of Life ; },
abstract = {Physical activity remains one of the most important factors affecting the well-being, health, and quality of life of individuals and entire populations. Unfortunately, the level of physical activity in many social groups is still insufficient according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and other international and national scientific societies. This paper presents the most important aspects related to the impact of physical activity on health, including lifestyle diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes or obesity, mental health, and sleep, and overall mortality. We aimed to determine the level of physical activity in the Polish population compared with that of other European countries and in connection with guidelines and recommendations developed by various scientific societies. The most frequently reported obstacles to physical activity were also identified, and possible ways to solve these problems were discussed. Brief reference was also made to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, which had a significant impact on physical activity. We concluded that the current situation is not optimal, both in terms of implementing recommendations and guidelines for physical activity among people who are healthy and who have disease and identifying and overcoming existing barriers and limitations. We aimed to review recent trends in physical activity in Poland and the rest of Europe and discusses the potential impact of lack of physical activity on health.},
}

Humans
Europe
*Exercise
Pandemics
Poland/epidemiology
Quality of Life

@article {pmid38294616,
year = {2024},
author = {Kelleni, MT},
title = {Repurposing metformin to manage idiopathic or long COVID Tinnitus: self-report adopting a pathophysiological and pharmacological approach.},
journal = {Inflammopharmacology},
volume = {32},
number = {2},
pages = {945-948},
pmid = {38294616},
issn = {1568-5608},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Self Report ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; *Tinnitus/drug therapy ; *COVID-19 ; },
abstract = {Chronic tinnitus is a common neurological disorder that affects millions of patients globally with no available successful pharmacotherapy. It can be extremely bothersome to some patients to the extent that it occasionally qualifies as a disability that can hinder them from leading a normal life. In this short communication, the author discusses how he suffered from idiopathic tinnitus and how he managed to adopt a combined pathophysiological and pharmacological approach to the reason for the first time in the medical literature that low-dose metformin might be safely and effectively repurposed to manage at least a subset of tinnitus patients while discussing the potential role of adenosine receptor agonists as potential future tinnitus therapeutics.},
}

Male
Humans
Self Report
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
*Tinnitus/drug therapy
*COVID-19

@article {pmid38185121,
year = {2024},
author = {Stark, J and Kuster, SP and Hungerbühler, V},
title = {Impact of COVID-19 disease on the male factor in reproductive medicine - how-to advise couples undergoing IVF/ICSI.},
journal = {Reproduction, fertility, and development},
volume = {36},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1071/RD23205},
pmid = {38185121},
issn = {1448-5990},
mesh = {Male ; Humans ; Semen ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic ; Pandemics ; *COVID-19 ; DNA Fragmentation ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spermatozoa ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; *Reproductive Medicine ; },
abstract = {CONTEXT: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused widespread concern about its potential impact on various aspects of human health.

AIMS: This narrative review aims to summarise the current knowledge about the impact of COVID-19 on sperm quality and its effect on assisted reproductive technology.

METHODS: In this narrative review, a literature search using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases was conducted to identify relevant original research articles published up to 29 January 2023.

RESULTS: Thirty original studies were included in our review. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 is detectable in seminal fluid during the acute phase of infection and for up to 1month. However, the fact that SARS-CoV-2 is barely detectable in semen makes sexual transmission very unlikely. COVID-19 infection has been associated with the following changes in sperm quality: morphology, altered motility, changed DNA fragmentation-index (DFI), decreased sperm concentration, lower total number of sperm, and a significant increase in leukocytes and cytokines. The effects mostly seem to be reversible and have not been shown to negatively affect the outcome of assisted reproductive technology but should lead to further research concerning the health of the offspring, because a correlation of increased DFI after COVID-19 even 5months after disease could be assumed.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this narrative review suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may harm sperm quality in the acute phase.

IMPLICATIONS: A recovery time of at least 3months regarding assisted reproductive therapy could be reasonable.},
}

Male
Humans
Semen
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
Pandemics
*COVID-19
DNA Fragmentation
SARS-CoV-2
Spermatozoa
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
*Reproductive Medicine

@article {pmid38575263,
year = {2024},
author = {Sampaio Rocha-Filho, PA},
title = {Headache Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019.},
journal = {Neurologic clinics},
volume = {42},
number = {2},
pages = {507-520},
doi = {10.1016/j.ncl.2023.12.006},
pmid = {38575263},
issn = {1557-9875},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; Headache/etiology ; *Intracranial Hypertension/complications ; *Rhinosinusitis ; },
abstract = {Headache affects around half of patients in the acute phase of COVID-19 and generally occurs at the beginning of the symptomatic phase, has an insidious onset, and is bilateral, and of moderate to severe intensity. COVID-19 may also present complications that cause acute and persistent headaches, such as cerebrovascular diseases, rhinosinusitis, meningitis, and intracranial hypertension. In 10% to 20% of patients with COVID-19, headache may persist beyond the acute phase. In general, the headache improves over time. To date, there are no clinical trials that have assessed the treatment of persistent post-COVID-19 headache.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
Headache/etiology
*Intracranial Hypertension/complications
*Rhinosinusitis

@article {pmid38574936,
year = {2024},
author = {Moneshwaran, S and Macrin, D and Kanagathara, N},
title = {An unprecedented global challenge, emerging trends and innovations in the fight against COVID-19: A comprehensive review.},
journal = {International journal of biological macromolecules},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {131324},
doi = {10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131324},
pmid = {38574936},
issn = {1879-0003},
abstract = {Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious and dangerous virus that caused the global COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020. It primarily affects the respiratory system, leading to severe illness and high rates of mortality worldwide. The virus enters the body by binding to a receptor called ACE2, which is present in specific cells of the lungs known as type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. Numerous studies have investigated the consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, revealing various impacts on the body. This review provides an overview of SARS-CoV-2, including its structure and how it infects cells. It also examines the different variants of concern, such as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and the more recent Omicron variant, discussing their characteristics and the level of damage they cause. The usage of drugs to treat COVID-19 is another aspect that has been covered and compares the effectiveness and use of antiviral drugs in the treatment and its potential benefits in COVID-19 treatment. Furthermore, this review explores the consequences and abnormalities associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, including its impact on various organs and systems in the body. And also discussing the different COVID-19 vaccines available and their effectiveness in preventing infection and reducing the severity of illness. The current review ensures the recent update of the COVID research with expert's knowledge, collection of numerous data from reliable sources and methodologies as well as update of findings based on reviews. This review also provided clear contextual explanations to aid the interpretation and application of the results. The main motto and limitation of this manuscript are to address the computational methods of drug discovery against the rapidly evolving SARS-CoV-2 virus, which has been discussed. Additionally, current computational approaches which are cost effective and can able to predict the therapeutic agents for the treatment against the virus have also been discussed.},
}

@article {pmid38574434,
year = {2024},
author = {Winters, ME and Hu, K and Martinez, JP and Mallemat, H and Brady, WJ},
title = {The critical care literature 2022.},
journal = {The American journal of emergency medicine},
volume = {80},
number = {},
pages = {123-131},
doi = {10.1016/j.ajem.2024.03.028},
pmid = {38574434},
issn = {1532-8171},
abstract = {The number of critically ill patients that present to emergency departments across the world has risen steadily for nearly two decades. Despite a decrease in initial emergency department (ED) volumes early in the COVID-19 pandemic, the proportion of critically ill patients is now higher than pre-pandemic levels [1]. The emergency physician (EP) is often the first physician to evaluate and resuscitate a critically ill patient. In addition, EPs are frequently tasked with providing critical care long beyond the initial resuscitation. Prolonged boarding of critically ill patients in the ED is associated with increased duration of mechanical ventilation, increased intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, increased hospital length of stay, increased medication-related adverse events, and increased in-hospital, 30-day, and 90-day mortality [2-4]. Given the continued increase in critically ill patients along with the increases in boarding critically ill patients in the ED, it is imperative for the EP to be knowledgeable about recent literature in resuscitation and critical care medicine, so that critically ill patients continue to receive evidence-based care. This review summarizes important articles published in 2022 that pertain to the resuscitation and management of select critically ill ED patients. These articles have been selected based on the authors review of key critical care, resuscitation, emergency medicine, and medicine journals and their opinion of the importance of study findings as it pertains to the care of the critically ill ED patient. Topics covered in this article include cardiac arrest, post-cardiac arrest care, rapid sequence intubation, mechanical ventilation, fluid resuscitation, and sepsis.},
}

@article {pmid38574264,
year = {2024},
author = {Patel, H and Tran, L and Feldman, SR},
title = {Overview of Dermatological Manifestations Associated with the COVID-19 Infection.},
journal = {Skin therapy letter},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {7-9},
pmid = {38574264},
issn = {1201-5989},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; COVID-19 Testing ; *Urticaria/etiology ; *Exanthema/complications ; },
abstract = {COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that is characterized by respiratory symptoms, fever, and chills.[1] While these systemic symptoms are widely known and well understood, there have also been reports of dermatological manifestations in patients with COVID-19. These manifestations include chilblain-like lesions, maculopapular lesions, urticarial lesions, necrosis, and other varicella-like exanthems.[2] The pathogenesis of these lesions are not well understood, but the procoagulant and pro-inflammatory state induced by COVID-19 infections may be contributing to varied cutaneous manifestations.[3] Drug interactions and concurrent hypersensitivity reactions have also been postulated.[4] This review aims to compile and analyze various retrospective studies and case reports to summarize the clinical presentation of dermatological lesions associated with COVID-19 infections and suggest further areas of research.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Retrospective Studies
COVID-19 Testing
*Urticaria/etiology
*Exanthema/complications

@article {pmid38573476,
year = {2024},
author = {Li, J and He, S and Yang, H and Zhang, L and Xiao, J and Liang, C and Liu, S},
title = {The Main Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Treatments against COVID-19.},
journal = {Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38573476},
issn = {2212-5469},
support = {81860256//The National Nature Science Foundation of China/ ; 171098//Fok Ying-Tong Education Foundation for Young Teachers in the Higher Education Institutions of China/ ; GXMUYSF 202319//Youth Science Foundation of Guangxi Medical University/ ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a clinical manifestation of hypoxic respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome. However, COVID-19 still lacks of effective clinical treatments so far. As a promising potential treatment against COVID-19, stem cell therapy raised recently and had attracted much attention. Here we review the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments against COVID-19, and provide potential cues for the effective control of COVID-19 in the future.

METHODS: Literature is obtained from databases PubMed and Web of Science. Key words were chosen for COVID- 19, acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell therapy, and therapeutic mechanism. Then we summarize and critically analyze the relevant articles retrieved.

RESULTS: Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a potential effective treatment against COVID-19. Its therapeutic efficacy is mainly reflected in reducing severe pulmonary inflammation, reducing lung injury, improving pulmonary function, protecting and repairing lung tissue of the patients. Possible therapeutic mechanisms might include immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory effect, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis effect, antiviral, and antibacterial effect, MSC - EVs, and so on.

CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can effectively treat COVID-19 through immunoregulation, anti-inflammatory, tissue regeneration, anti-apoptosis, anti-virus and antibacterial, MSC - EVs, and other ways. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cell-based treatments for COVID-19 will provide novel insights into the follow-up research and development of new therapeutic strategies in next step.},
}

@article {pmid38573465,
year = {2024},
author = {Beurton, A and Kooistra, EJ and De Jong, A and Schiffl, H and Jourdain, M and Garcia, B and Vimpère, D and Jaber, S and Pickkers, P and Papazian, L},
title = {Specific and Non-specific Aspects and Future Challenges of ICU Care Among COVID-19 Patients with Obesity: A Narrative Review.},
journal = {Current obesity reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38573465},
issn = {2162-4968},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has infected nearly 800 million people and caused almost seven million deaths. Obesity was quickly identified as a risk factor for severe COVID-19, ICU admission, acute respiratory distress syndrome, organ support including mechanical ventilation and prolonged length of stay. The relationship among obesity; COVID-19; and respiratory, thrombotic, and renal complications upon admission to the ICU is unclear.

RECENT FINDINGS: The predominant effect of a hyperinflammatory status or a cytokine storm has been suggested in patients with obesity, but more recent studies have challenged this hypothesis. Numerous studies have also shown increased mortality among critically ill patients with obesity and COVID-19, casting doubt on the obesity paradox, with survival advantages with overweight and mild obesity being reported in other ICU syndromes. Finally, it is now clear that the increase in the global prevalence of overweight and obesity is a major public health issue that must be accompanied by a transformation of our ICUs, both in terms of equipment and human resources. Research must also focus more on these patients to improve their care. In this review, we focused on the central role of obesity in critically ill patients during this pandemic, highlighting its specificities during their stay in the ICU, identifying the lessons we have learned, and identifying areas for future research as well as the future challenges for ICU activity.},
}

@article {pmid38573001,
year = {2024},
author = {Expósito-Jiménez, A and Alcaide-Leyva, JM and Jiménez-Mérida, MDR and Martínez-Angulo, P},
title = {Health communication and shared decision-making between nurses and older adults in community setting: An integrative review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jocn.17152},
pmid = {38573001},
issn = {1365-2702},
abstract = {AIM: To explore the role of health communication in Shared Decision-Making (SDM) between nursing staff and older people in the community setting.

BACKGROUND: Society and healthcare services are marked by an exponentially ageing population, leading to a significant proportion of patients being older adults with highly demanding care needs. Scientific literature supports shared decision-making as a process that engages patients in their care. However, the increasing use of technology and the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic have influenced how nurses communicate with older patients. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how to develop health communication to reach effective, shared decision-making processes.

METHODS: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review method, the literature search comprised five databases: PubMed, CINALH, Web of Science, Scopus and PsycINFO.

RESULTS: The 12 included studies were synthesised into three study patterns: (1) nurse-older patient health communication relationship, (2) older patients' perspectives and (3) nontherapeutic communication in end-of-life care.

CONCLUSION: This review underscored the crucial role of effective health communication in shaping SDM dynamics between nursing staff and older people in the community setting. Key elements included transparent information exchange, establishing trust and maintaining communication channels with informal caregiving networks. SDM actions were aligned with preserving older people's autonomy, but communication challenges persisted, particularly in end-of-life situations. Advanced care planning was recommended to address these shortcomings and improve communication among older people, healthcare professionals and families.

IMPLICATIONS: Implementing educational measures based on verbal and nonverbal health communication in nursing training could be beneficial. Nursing research could continue to develop and refine specific communication strategies adapted to the social determinants of health for diverse clinical situations regarding older adults in the community setting.

REPORTING METHOD: The authors have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines through the PRISMA 2020 checklist. No Patient or Public Contribution.},
}

@article {pmid38572255,
year = {2024},
author = {Ocampo, JMF and Santos, RAN and Sevilleja, JEAD and Gloria, CT},
title = {The COVID-19 pandemic's effects on mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines: A scoping review.},
journal = {Global mental health (Cambridge, England)},
volume = {11},
number = {},
pages = {e27},
pmid = {38572255},
issn = {2054-4251},
abstract = {Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remained at elevated risk for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic because of persistent stressors to their health systems. Simultaneously facing high infection rates, strict containment measures and natural disasters, the Philippines provides important grounds for health research in LMICs. This review examined how the COVID-19 pandemic affected mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. This scoping review included literature in English from 2020 to mid-2022 from PubMed, PsycInfo and SCOPUS, and used the PRISMA-ScR and PCC-question model. Two independent reviewers conducted blind article screening and data extraction using COVIDENCE software, followed by consensus building, data charting and analyses. This work identified 405 publications across PubMed (N = 56), PsycInfo (N = 106) and SCOPUS (N = 243), of which 76 articles addressed the Philippines. Article types included 54 research articles, 10 opinion pieces, 4 literature reviews, 6 letters to journals, 1 study protocol and 1 other report. These findings focused primarily on health professionals (N = 23) and educators/learners (N = 22) and reported mostly on moderate-to-severe clinical outcomes such as fear, depression, anxiety or stress. Coping behaviors, like resiliency and other ways of adapting to the pandemic, including religious, spiritual and community-oriented approaches highlighted experiences with stringent infection prevention and control measures to contain COVID-19 in the Philippines. The COVID-19 pandemic brought severe challenges to mental and psychosocial health in the Philippines. The literature focused mostly on healthcare workers and educators/learners, and moderate-to-severe mental health outcomes in these groups. There is a need to expand studies to other sociodemographic groups and communities across the Philippines. Future work stands to benefit from more in-depth qualitative, mixed methods, longitudinal and representative quantitative research in LMICs following this pandemic. Literature reviews remain important to synthesize post-pandemic experiences by providing context for future studies and health practice in the Philippines and other LMICs.},
}

@article {pmid38571842,
year = {2024},
author = {Hussain, A and Augustine, SW and Pyakurel, S and Vempalli, H and Dabbara, R and O'dare, RA and Ayush, and Varghese, JJ and Inban, P and Jayan, M and Osigwe, EC and Sunkara, SM and Khan, A},
title = {Acute Pancreatitis Induced by COVID-19 Vaccine: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e55426},
pmid = {38571842},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Acute pancreatitis, marked by sudden inflammation of the pancreas, presents a complex spectrum of causative factors including gallstone obstruction, alcohol abuse, and viral infections. Recent studies have illuminated the emergence of vaccine-induced acute pancreatitis, notably associated with COVID-19 vaccinations, presenting diverse mechanisms ranging from direct viral-mediated injury to autoimmune reactions. Understanding this link is pivotal for public health, yet challenges persist in identifying and managing cases post-vaccination. Comprehensive literature reviews employing the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) statement outline the potential pathways and mechanisms leading to vaccine-induced pancreatitis, emphasizing the need for deeper investigations into underlying health conditions and modifications to vaccine components. Notably, the rare occurrences of vaccine-induced pancreatitis extend beyond COVID-19 vaccines, with reports also documenting associations with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR), human papillomavirus (HPV), and other viral vaccinations. Mechanistically, hypotheses such as molecular mimicry and immunologic injury have been proposed, necessitating ongoing vigilance and exploration. Regulatory agencies play a crucial role in monitoring and communicating vaccine safety concerns, emphasizing transparency to address potential risks and maintain public trust. Understanding and communicating these rare adverse events with transparency remain integral for informed vaccination policies and to allay concerns surrounding vaccine safety.},
}

@article {pmid38571679,
year = {2024},
author = {Shadmand Foumani Moghadam, MR and Vaezi, A and Jandari, S and Araste, A and Rezvani, R},
title = {Navigating sarcopenia in COVID-19 patients and survivors: Understanding the long-term consequences, transitioning from hospital to community with mechanisms and interventions for future preparedness.},
journal = {Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W))},
volume = {7},
number = {1},
pages = {103-114},
pmid = {38571679},
issn = {2475-0360},
abstract = {The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused widespread devastation, with millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. Although there were efforts made to develop treatments and vaccines for COVID-19, the coexistence of sarcopenia, a muscle disorder, has been largely overlooked. It is while new variants of this disease (eg, BA.2.86) are challenging the current protocols. Sarcopenia is associated with increased mortality and disability, and shares common mechanisms with COVID-19, such as inflammation, hormonal changes, and malnutrition. This can worsen the effects of both conditions. Furthermore, survived patients with COVID-19 who have elevated risk, as well as aging, which increases the process of sarcopenia. Therefore, addressing sarcopenia in patients with COVID-19 and surviving individuals can be crucial for improving outcomes and preventing long-term disability. During hospital stays, assessing sarcopenia through indicators like muscle wasting and malnutrition is important. Nutritional interventions, such as malnutrition screening and enteral feeding, play a critical role in preventing sarcopenia in hospitals. Mental health and physical activity evaluations and interventions are also necessary. Even after recovering from COVID-19, there is a risk of developing sarcopenia, requiring continued monitoring. Nutrition and physical activity considerations are vital for prevention and management, necessitating tailored training programs and diet therapy. Mental health should not be overlooked, with regular screening, and community-based interventions. Infrastructure should support physical activity, and mental health services must become more accessible. Community engagement through support groups and peer networks can foster resilience and social connection. Efforts are needed to promote healthy diets and ensure access to nutritious foods.},
}

@article {pmid38571392,
year = {2024},
author = {Sanchez-Felipe, L and Alpizar, YA and Ma, J and Coelmont, L and Dallmeier, K},
title = {YF17D-based vaccines - standing on the shoulders of a giant.},
journal = {European journal of immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e2250133},
doi = {10.1002/eji.202250133},
pmid = {38571392},
issn = {1521-4141},
support = {40007527//Flemish Research Foundation (FWO) Excellence of Science (EOS) program/ ; VirEOS2//Flemish Research Foundation (FWO) Excellence of Science (EOS) program/ ; 733176//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program/ ; RABYD-VAX//European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program/ ; INV-00636//Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation/ ; C3/19/057//European Health Emergency Preparedness and Response Authority (HERA)/ ; },
abstract = {Live-attenuated yellow fever vaccine (YF17D) was developed in the 1930s as the first ever empirically derived human vaccine. Ninety years later, it is still a benchmark for vaccines made today. YF17D triggers a particularly broad and polyfunctional response engaging multiple arms of innate, humoral and cellular immunity. This unique immunogenicity translates into an extraordinary vaccine efficacy and outstanding longevity of protection, possibly by single-dose immunization. More recently, progress in molecular virology and synthetic biology allowed engineering of YF17D as a powerful vector and promising platform for the development of novel recombinant live vaccines, including two licensed vaccines against Japanese encephalitis and dengue, even in paediatric use. Likewise, numerous chimeric and transgenic preclinical candidates have been described. These include prophylactic vaccines against emerging viral infections (e.g. Lassa, Zika and SARS-CoV-2) and parasitic diseases (e.g. malaria), as well as therapeutic applications targeting persistent infections (e.g. HIV and chronic hepatitis), and cancer. Efforts to overcome historical safety concerns and manufacturing challenges are ongoing and pave the way for wider use of YF17D-based vaccines. In this review, we summarize recent insights regarding YF17D as vaccine platform, and how YF17D-based vaccines may complement as well as differentiate from other emerging modalities in response to unmet medical needs and for pandemic preparedness.},
}

@article {pmid38571289,
year = {2024},
author = {Cope, AL and Chestnutt, IG},
title = {A systematic review of the association between food insecurity and behaviours related to caries development in adults and children in high-income countries.},
journal = {Community dentistry and oral epidemiology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/cdoe.12959},
pmid = {38571289},
issn = {1600-0528},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To synthesize and appraise the evidence regarding the relationship between food insecurity and behaviours associated with dental caries development in adults and children in high-income countries.

METHODS: A systematic review including observational studies assessing the association between food insecurity and selected dietary (free sugar consumption) and non-dietary factors (tooth brushing frequency; use of fluoridated toothpaste; dental visiting; oral hygiene aids; type of toothbrush used; interdental cleaning frequency and mouthwash use) related to dental caries development in adults and children in high-income countries. Studies specifically looking at food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded. Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health and Scopus from inception to 25 May 2023. Two authors screened the search results, extracted data and appraised the studies independently and in duplicate. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (with modifications for cross-sectional studies). Vote counting and harvest plots provided the basis for evidence synthesis.

RESULTS: Searches identified 880 references, which led to the inclusion of 71 studies with a total of 526 860 participants. The majority were cross-sectional studies, conducted in the USA and reported free sugar consumption. Evidence for the association between food insecurity and free sugar intake from 4 cohort studies and 61 cross-sectional studies including 336 585 participants was equivocal, particularly in the sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption post-hoc subgroup, where 20 out of 46 studies reported higher SSB consumption in food insecure individuals. There was consistent, but limited, evidence for reduced dental visiting in adults experiencing food insecurity compared to food secure adults from 3 cross-sectional studies including 52 173 participants. The relationship between food insecurity and dental visiting in children was less clear (3 cross-sectional studies, 138 102 participants). A single cross-sectional study of 3275 children reported an association between food insecurity and reported failure to toothbrush the previous day.

CONCLUSIONS: This review did not identify clear associations between food insecurity and behaviours commonly implicated in the development of dental caries that would explain why individuals experiencing food insecurity are more likely to have dental caries than those who have food security. There was some evidence of decreased dental visiting in adults experiencing food insecurity. Common methodological weaknesses across the evidence base related to the selection of participants or control of potentially confounding variables. Consequently, the quality of evidence for all outcomes was downgraded to very low. More research is needed to explore access to oral hygiene products and household environments conducive to habitual oral self-care in food insecure populations.},
}

@article {pmid38569716,
year = {2024},
author = {Petrie, S and Laur, C and Rios, P and Suarez, A and Makanjuola, O and Burke, E and Bhattacharyya, O and Mukerji, G},
title = {Quality measures of virtual care in ambulatory healthcare environments: a scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {14},
number = {4},
pages = {e078214},
pmid = {38569716},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *Quality Indicators, Health Care ; Pandemics ; *COVID-19 ; Quality of Health Care ; Delivery of Health Care ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Delivery of virtual care increased throughout the COVID-19 pandemic and persisted after physical distancing measures ended. However, little is known about how to measure the quality of virtual care, as current measures focus on in-person care and may not apply to a virtual context. This scoping review aims to understand the connections between virtual care modalities used with ambulatory patient populations and quality measures across the Quintuple Aim (provider experience, patient experience, per capita cost, population health and health equity).

DESIGN: Virtual care was considered any interaction between patients and/or their circle of care occurring remotely using any form of information technology. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, JBI) and grey literature sources (11 websites, 3 search engines) were searched from 2015 to June 2021 and again in August 2022 for publications that analysed virtual care in ambulatory settings. Indicators were extracted, double-coded into the Quintuple Aim framework; patient and provider experience indicators were further categorised based on the National Academy of Medicine quality framework (safety, effectiveness, patient-centredness, timeliness, efficiency and equity). Sustainability was added to capture the potential for continued use of virtual care.

RESULTS: 13 504 citations were double-screened resulting in 631 full-text articles, 66 of which were included. Common modalities included video or audio visits (n=43), remote monitoring (n=11) and mobile applications (n=11). The most common quality indicators were related to patient experience (n=58 articles), followed by provider experience (n=25 articles), population health outcomes (n=23 articles) and health system costs (n=19 articles).

CONCLUSIONS: The connections between virtual care modalities and quality domains identified here can inform clinicians, administrators and other decision-makers how to monitor the quality of virtual care and provide insights into gaps in current quality measures. The next steps include the development of a balanced scorecard of virtual care quality indicators for ambulatory settings to inform quality improvement.},
}

Humans
*Quality Indicators, Health Care
Pandemics
*COVID-19
Quality of Health Care
Delivery of Health Care

@article {pmid38336098,
year = {2024},
author = {P B, J and Kerkar, PG},
title = {Management of dyslipidemia in special groups.},
journal = {Indian heart journal},
volume = {76 Suppl 1},
number = {},
pages = {S96-S100},
doi = {10.1016/j.ihj.2024.01.018},
pmid = {38336098},
issn = {2213-3763},
abstract = {Dyslipidemia management in situations like pregnancy, in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease, chronic liver disease, and in the elderly are challenging scenarios. Pregnancy is a contraindication for many drugs. The interaction of various drugs used in HIV infection and rheumatoid arthritis makes it even more difficult to treat with conventional and approved drugs for dyslipidemia. Elderly and chronic renal failure patients often do not tolerate the drugs very well and the data of dyslipidemia management is very different. Lastly, COVID-19 is a unique scenario where clear information is yet to be provided. In this manuscript, the current understanding and available data on the treatment of dyslipidemia in these special situations are discussed.},
}

@article {pmid38571985,
year = {2024},
author = {Díaz, F and Cruces, P},
title = {Airway Management of Critically Ill Pediatric Patients with Suspected or Proven Coronavirus Disease 2019 Infection: An Intensivist Point of View.},
journal = {Journal of pediatric intensive care},
volume = {13},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
pmid = {38571985},
issn = {2146-4618},
abstract = {Advanced airway management of critically ill children is crucial for novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) management in the pediatric intensive care unit, whether due to shock and hemodynamic collapse or acute respiratory failure. In this article, intubation is challenging due to the particularities of children's physiology and the underlying disease's pathophysiology, especially when an airborne pathogen, like COVID-19, is present. Unfortunately, published recommendations and guidelines for COVID-19 in pediatrics do not address in-depth endotracheal intubation in acutely ill children. We discussed the caveats and pitfalls of intubation in critically ill children.},
}

@article {pmid38569447,
year = {2024},
author = {Xing, Y and Wang, H and Chao, C and Ding, X and Li, G},
title = {Gestational diabetes mellitus in the era of COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities.},
journal = {Diabetes & metabolic syndrome},
volume = {18},
number = {3},
pages = {102991},
doi = {10.1016/j.dsx.2024.102991},
pmid = {38569447},
issn = {1878-0334},
abstract = {BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on pregnant women, especially those with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), has yet to be fully understood. This review aims to examine the interaction between GDM and COVID-19 and to elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the comorbidity of these two conditions.

METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search using the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science with appropriate keywords and MeSH terms. Our analysis included studies published up to January 26, 2023.

RESULTS: Despite distinct clinical manifestations, GDM and COVID-19 share common pathophysiological characteristics, which involve complex interactions across multiple organs and systems. On the one hand, infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may target the pancreas and placenta, resulting in β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance in pregnant women. On the other hand, the hormonal and inflammatory changes that occur during pregnancy could also increase the risk of severe COVID-19 in mothers with GDM. Personalized management and close monitoring are crucial for treating pregnant women with both GDM and COVID-19.

CONCLUSIONS: A comprehensive understanding of the interactive mechanisms of GDM and COVID-19 would facilitate the initiation of more targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies. There is an urgent need to develop novel biomarkers and functional indicators for early identification and intervention of these conditions.},
}

@article {pmid38569331,
year = {2024},
author = {Berardi, C and Schut, F and Paolucci, F},
title = {The dynamics of international health system reforms: Evidence of a new wave in response to the 2008 economic crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic?.},
journal = {Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands)},
volume = {143},
number = {},
pages = {105052},
doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105052},
pmid = {38569331},
issn = {1872-6054},
abstract = {Global economic and health shocks, such as the 2008 global financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic typically impact healthcare financing and delivery. Cutler found that profound societal changes in the 20th century induced three waves of healthcare reform across seven major OECD countries. Our study investigates whether major crises in the 21st century induced similar reform waves. Through thematic analysis, we systematically compared health system changes in response to these shocks, using data from the Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the OECD. Our analysis reveals similar overarching reform trends across countries in response to the 2008 economic crisis: a tendency toward re-centralization of health system governance to control and leverage the efficient rationalization of public health resources. This, to some extent, countered the effects of the market-based reforms of the previous wave. The reforms induced by the 2008 crisis were mediated by its repercussions on the countries' economies. In contrast, reforms in response to the pandemic aimed primarily to address the direct impact of the shock on the health system. Despite its negative economic impact, the pandemic resulted in a substantial but temporary increase in public health spending. A better understanding reform dynamics and their impact on overarching conflicting health system objectives may prevent unintended consequences and enhance health systems' resilience in response to future shocks.},
}

@article {pmid38569271,
year = {2024},
author = {Navel, V and Labetoulle, M and Lazreg, S and Brémond-Gignac, D and Chiambaretta, F},
title = {COVID-19 pandemic and impact of universal face mask wear on ocular surface health and risk of infection.},
journal = {Journal francais d'ophtalmologie},
volume = {47},
number = {6},
pages = {104170},
doi = {10.1016/j.jfo.2024.104170},
pmid = {38569271},
issn = {1773-0597},
abstract = {Universal mask wear is an effective public health intervention to reduce SARS-Cov-2 transmission, especially in enclosed public spaces and healthcare environments. Concerns have been raised about possible transmission of the SARS-Cov-2 through ocular secretions, leading to enhanced protective measures during ophthalmic procedures. However, there is some evidence for air jets from the upper edge of the surgical mask to the ocular surface, especially when the mask is not well fit. Prolonged airflow towards the ocular surface during expiration may alter tear-film stability, leading to hyperosmolarity and ocular surface inflammation. This also raises the question of whether the ocular surface is contaminated with oral flora from airflow directed toward the eyes, thus increasing the risk of ocular infection. Herein we review the impact of patient face mask wear on the ocular surface, eyelids and risk of ocular infection, particularly during ocular surgery. There is some evidence for increased incidence of dry eye or eyelid disease during periods of mandatory face mask wear. While high daily exposure is consistent with a direct association, this should be mitigated by various cofounding factors which could also affect the ocular health during the COVID-19 pandemic. An increased risk of post-intravitreal injection endophthalmitis, possibly due to face mask wear by the patient, including culture-positive endophthalmitis, has been reported in one retrospective study. Several measures have been shown to prevent or limit the risk of developing dry eye disease or exacerbation, eyelid cyst, and ocular infection during intravitreal injections.},
}

@article {pmid38568611,
year = {2024},
author = {Myung, H and Joung, YS},
title = {Contribution of Particulates to Airborne Disease Transmission and Severity: A Review.},
journal = {Environmental science & technology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1021/acs.est.3c08835},
pmid = {38568611},
issn = {1520-5851},
abstract = {The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has catalyzed great interest in the spread of airborne pathogens. Airborne infectious diseases are classified into viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. Environmental factors can elevate their transmission and lethality. Air pollution has been reported as the leading environmental cause of disease and premature death worldwide. Notably, ambient particulates of various components and sizes are harmful pollutants. There are two prominent health effects of particles in the atmosphere: (1) particulate matter (PM) penetrates the respiratory tract and adversely affects health, such as heart and respiratory diseases; and (2) bioaerosols of particles act as a medium for the spread of pathogens in the air. Particulates contribute to the occurrence of infectious diseases by increasing vulnerability to infection through inhalation and spreading disease through interactions with airborne pathogens. Here, we focus on the synergistic effects of airborne particulates on infectious disease. We outline the concepts and characteristics of bioaerosols, from their generation to transformation and circulation on Earth. Considering that microorganisms coexist with other particulates as bioaerosols, we investigate studies examining respiratory infections associated with airborne PM. Furthermore, we discuss four factors (meteorological, biological, physical, and chemical) that may impact the influence of PM on the survival of contagious pathogens in the atmosphere. Our review highlights the significant role of particulates in supporting the transmission of infectious aerosols and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.},
}

@article {pmid38568321,
year = {2024},
author = {Jiang, Y and Sadun, RE},
title = {What the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Has Taught Us About Immunosuppression, Vaccinations, and Immune Dysregulation: The Rheumatology Experience.},
journal = {Current allergy and asthma reports},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38568321},
issn = {1534-6315},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review reflects on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the field of rheumatology, emphasizing resulting insights related to the risks of viral infections in immunosuppressed patients, vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompromised patients, and immune dysregulation in the setting of viral infection.

RECENT FINDINGS: During the pandemic, global patient registries provided real-time insights into the risk factors associated with severe COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatology patients. Updated evidence-based recommendations from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) guided rheumatology practice during a time of considerable uncertainty. Studies on COVID-19 vaccines in immunocompromised populations enhanced our understanding of specific immunosuppressive therapies on vaccine efficacy. The immune dysregulation seen in severe COVID-19 underscored a role for immunomodulation in this and other severe infections. Furthermore, novel post-infectious conditions, namely multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and Long COVID, reshaped our understanding of post-viral syndromes and revealed novel pathological mechanisms. Lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrate the power of collaborative research. The scientific revelations from this dreadful time will, nonetheless, benefit the practice of rheumatology for years to come.},
}

@article {pmid38568077,
year = {2024},
author = {Conti, V and Bertini, N and Ricciardi, R and Stefanelli, B and De Bellis, E and Sellitto, C and Cascella, M and Sabbatino, F and Corbi, G and Pagliano, P and Filippelli, A},
title = {Adverse events related to drug-drug interactions in COVID-19 patients. A persistent concern in the post-pandemic era: a systematic review.},
journal = {Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-18},
doi = {10.1080/17425255.2024.2339397},
pmid = {38568077},
issn = {1744-7607},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Since COVID-19 patients are often polytreated, monitoring drug-drug interaction (DDIs) is necessary. We evaluated whether drugs used after the second COVID-19 pandemic wave were associated with DDI-related adverse events and the role of drug interaction checkers in identifying them.

METHODS: The study (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42024507634) included: 1) consulting the drug interaction checkers Drugs.com, Liverpool COVID-19 Interactions, LexiComp, Medscape, and Micromedex; 2) systematic review; 3) reviewed studies analysis; 4) evaluating drug interaction checkers potential to anticipate DDI-related adverse events.The systematic review was performed searching PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane databases from 1 March 2022 to 11 November 2023. Observational studies, and clinical trials were included. Article without reporting direct association between DDIs and adverse events were excluded. The risk of bias was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

RESULTS: The most frequent DDIs involved nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (N/R) and fluvoxamine. Fifteen studies, including 150 patients and 35 DDI-related outcomes, were analyzed. The most frequent DDIs involved tacrolimus with N/R, resulting in creatinine increase.Eighty percent of reported DDI-related adverse events would have been identified by all drug-interaction checkers, while the remaining 20% by at least 2 of them.

CONCLUSIONS: Drug interaction checkers are useful but show inconsistencies. Multiple sources are needed to tailor treatment in the context of COVID-19.},
}

@article {pmid38567833,
year = {2024},
author = {Mishra, B and Ivashkiv, LB},
title = {Interferons and epigenetic mechanisms in training, priming and tolerance of monocytes and hematopoietic progenitors.},
journal = {Immunological reviews},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/imr.13330},
pmid = {38567833},
issn = {1600-065X},
support = {DE019420/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/United States ; AR046713/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; AR050401/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; T32 AR071302/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Training and priming of innate immune cells involve preconditioning by PAMPs, DAMPs, and/or cytokines that elicits stronger induction of inflammatory genes upon secondary challenge. Previous models distinguish training and priming based upon whether immune activation returns to baseline prior to secondary challenge. Tolerance is a protective mechanism whereby potent stimuli induce refractoriness to secondary challenge. Training and priming are important for innate memory responses that protect against infection, efficacy of vaccines, and maintaining innate immune cells in a state of readiness; tolerance prevents toxicity from excessive immune activation. Dysregulation of these processes can contribute to pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory conditions, post-COVID-19 hyperinflammatory states, or sepsis-associated immunoparalysis. Training, priming, and tolerance regulate similar "signature" inflammatory genes such as TNF, IL6, and IL1B and utilize overlapping epigenetic mechanisms. We review how interferons (IFNs), best known for activating JAK-STAT signaling and interferon-stimulated genes, also play a key role in regulating training, priming, and tolerance via chromatin-mediated mechanisms. We present new data on how monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation modulates IFN-γ-mediated priming, affects regulation of AP-1 and CEBP activity, and attenuates superinduction of inflammatory genes. We present a "training-priming continuum" model that integrates IFN-mediated priming into current concepts about training and tolerance and proposes a central role for STAT1 and IRF1.},
}

@article {pmid38567498,
year = {2024},
author = {Elgazzaz, M and Filipeanu, C and Lazartigues, E},
title = {The 2023 Lewis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Posttranslational Modifications-Implications for Hypertension and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.},
journal = {Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.124.22067},
pmid = {38567498},
issn = {1524-4563},
abstract = {ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2), a multifunctional transmembrane protein, is well recognized as an important member of the (RAS) renin-angiotensin system with important roles in the regulation of cardiovascular function by opposing the harmful effects of Ang-II (angiotensin II) and AT1R (Ang-II type 1 receptor) activation. More recently, ACE2 was found to be the entry point for the SARS-CoV-2 virus into cells, causing COVID-19. This finding has led to an exponential rise in the number of publications focused on ACE2, albeit these studies often have opposite objectives to the preservation of ACE2 in cardiovascular regulation. However, notwithstanding accumulating data of the role of ACE2 in the generation of angiotensin-(1-7) and SARS-CoV-2 internalization, numerous other putative roles of this enzyme remain less investigated and not yet characterized. Currently, no drug modulating ACE2 function or expression is available in the clinic, and the development of new pharmacological tools should attempt targeting each step of the lifespan of the protein from synthesis to degradation. The present review expands on our presentation during the 2023 Lewis K. Dahl Memorial Lecture Sponsored by the American Heart Association Council on Hypertension. We provide a critical summary of the current knowledge of the mechanisms controlling ACE2 internalization and intracellular trafficking, the mutual regulation with GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and other proteins, and posttranslational modifications. A major focus is on ubiquitination which has become a critical step in the modulation of ACE2 cellular levels.},
}

@article {pmid38522136,
year = {2024},
author = {Wu, Q and Liu, X and Wang, J and Xu, S and Zeng, F and Chen, L and Zhang, G and Wang, H},
title = {An isothermal nucleic acid amplification-based enzymatic recombinase amplification method for dual detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and porcine rotavirus A.},
journal = {Virology},
volume = {594},
number = {},
pages = {110062},
doi = {10.1016/j.virol.2024.110062},
pmid = {38522136},
issn = {1096-0341},
mesh = {Animals ; Swine ; *Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/genetics ; Recombinases/genetics ; *Swine Diseases/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; *Nucleic Acids ; *Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/veterinary ; Diarrhea/diagnosis/veterinary ; *Rotavirus ; },
abstract = {Viral diarrhea is the predominant digestive tract sickness in piglings, resulting in substantial profit losses in the porcine industry. Porcine rotavirus A (PoRVA) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are the main causes of grave gastroenteritis and massive dysentery, especially in piglets. PoRVA and PEDV have high transmissibility, exhibit similar clinical symptoms, and frequently co-occur. Therefore, to avoid financial losses, a quick, highly efficient, objective diagnostic test for the prevention and detection of these diseases is required. Enzymatic recombinase amplification (ERA) is a novel technology based on isothermal nucleic acid amplification. It demonstrates high sensitivity and excellent specificity, with a short processing time and easy operability, compared with other in vitro nucleic acid amplification technologies. In this study, a dual ERA method to detect and distinguish between PEDV and PoRVA nucleic acids was established. The method shows high sensitivity, as the detection limits were 10[1] copies/μL for both viruses. To test the usefulness of this method in clinical settings, we tested 64 swine clinical samples. Our results were 100% matched with those acquired using a commercially available kit. Therefore, we have successfully developed a dual diagnostic ERA nucleic acids method for detecting and distinguishing between PEDV and PoRVA.},
}

Animals
Swine
*Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus/genetics
Recombinases/genetics
*Swine Diseases/diagnosis
Sensitivity and Specificity
*Nucleic Acids
*Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis/veterinary
Diarrhea/diagnosis/veterinary
*Rotavirus

@article {pmid38266742,
year = {2024},
author = {Talimtzi, P and Ntolkeras, A and Kostopoulos, G and Bougioukas, KI and Pagkalidou, E and Ouranidis, A and Pataka, A and Haidich, AB},
title = {The reporting completeness and transparency of systematic reviews of prognostic prediction models for COVID-19 was poor: a methodological overview of systematic reviews.},
journal = {Journal of clinical epidemiology},
volume = {167},
number = {},
pages = {111264},
doi = {10.1016/j.jclinepi.2024.111264},
pmid = {38266742},
issn = {1878-5921},
mesh = {Humans ; Bias ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Data Collection ; Prognosis ; Systematic Reviews as Topic ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To conduct a methodological overview of reviews to evaluate the reporting completeness and transparency of systematic reviews (SRs) of prognostic prediction models (PPMs) for COVID-19.

STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Epistemonikos (epistemonikos.org) were searched for SRs of PPMs for COVID-19 until December 31, 2022. The risk of bias in systematic reviews tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The protocol for this overview was uploaded in the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/7y94c).

RESULTS: Ten SRs were retrieved; none of them synthesized the results in a meta-analysis. For most of the studies, there was absence of a predefined protocol and missing information on study selection, data collection process, and reporting of primary studies and models included, while only one SR had its data publicly available. In addition, for the majority of the SRs, the overall risk of bias was judged as being high. The overall corrected covered area was 6.3% showing a small amount of overlapping among the SRs.

CONCLUSION: The reporting completeness and transparency of SRs of PPMs for COVID-19 was poor. Guidance is urgently required, with increased awareness and education of minimum reporting standards and quality criteria. Specific focus is needed in predefined protocol, information on study selection and data collection process, and in the reporting of findings to improve the quality of SRs of PPMs for COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Bias
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Data Collection
Prognosis
Systematic Reviews as Topic

@article {pmid37957891,
year = {2024},
author = {Gan, RK and Arcos González, P and Fernandez-Tardon, G and Zerbo, A and Calota, VC and Klöslová, Z and Otelea, MR and Fabiánová, E and Rodriguez-Suarez, MM and Tardon, A},
title = {Development, validation, and accuracy of ORCHESTRA emotional exhaustion screening questionnaire among healthcare workers during COVID-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {British journal of health psychology},
volume = {29},
number = {2},
pages = {430-453},
doi = {10.1111/bjhp.12706},
pmid = {37957891},
issn = {2044-8287},
support = {101016167//European Commission, Horizon 2020 Program/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Emotional Exhaustion ; Pandemics ; Reproducibility of Results ; Health Personnel ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed unprecedented challenges, particularly for healthcare workers (HCWs). The prolonged struggles exposed the HCWs to a variety of stressors, potentially leading to burnout. Emotional exhaustion is widely recognized as the core component of burnout. This research aims to conceptualize and develop an emotional exhaustion screening questionnaire through literature review, validation, and accuracy testing.

METHOD: A literature review of questionnaires and extraction of items on emotional exhaustion were performed in June 2022. We proceed with the face validity of the items by experts. The items with good content validity ratio and index were selected and reworded to suit the context of HCWs working during the COVID-19 pandemic. A pilot test of the questionnaire was done in the Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA) from October to December 2022 with a sample of 148 HCWs from the ORCHESTRA cohort to determine its reliability, convergent validity, and accuracy.

RESULTS: Our literature review identified 15 validated questionnaires. After exclusion, 32 items were sent for content validation by experts, yielding five final items that proceeded with the pilot test. Resulting in a Cronbach's alpha-coefficient of .83 for the scale and .78 for dichotomous responses, demonstrating good internal consistency and convergent validity. The result of our accuracy test yielded sensitivity (90.6%) and specificity (91.6%) for the OEEQ scale; and sensitivity (88.7%) and specificity (89.5%) for OEEQ dichotomous responses.

CONCLUSION: This study developed and validated the ORCHESTRA Emotional Exhaustion Questionnaire, demonstrating the questionnaire's clarity, relevance, and comprehensibility in screening emotional exhaustion among HCWs.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Emotional Exhaustion
Pandemics
Reproducibility of Results
Health Personnel
Surveys and Questionnaires

@article {pmid38567066,
year = {2023},
author = {Gatt, Z and Gunes, U and Raponi, A and da Rosa, LC and Brewer, JM},
title = {Review: Unravelling the Role of DNA Sensing in Alum Adjuvant Activity.},
journal = {Discovery immunology},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {kyac012},
pmid = {38567066},
issn = {2754-2483},
abstract = {Public interest in vaccines is at an all-time high following the SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic. Currently, over 6 billion doses of various vaccines are administered globally each year. Most of these vaccines contain Aluminium-based adjuvants (alum), which have been known and used for almost 100 years to enhance vaccine immunogenicity. However, despite the historical use and importance of alum, we still do not have a complete understanding of how alum works to drive vaccine immunogenicity. In this article, we critically review studies investigating the mechanisms of action of alum adjuvants, highlighting some of the misconceptions and controversies within the area. Although we have emerged with a clearer understanding of how this ubiquitous adjuvant works, we have also highlighted some of the outstanding questions in the field. While these may seem mainly of academic interest, developing a more complete understanding of these mechanisms has the potential to rationally modify and improve the immune response generated by alum-adjuvanted vaccines.},
}

@article {pmid38567021,
year = {2024},
author = {van Schaik, EJ and Fratzke, AP and Gregory, AE and Dumaine, JE and Samuel, JE},
title = {Vaccine development: obligate intracellular bacteria new tools, old pathogens: the current state of vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria.},
journal = {Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology},
volume = {14},
number = {},
pages = {1282183},
pmid = {38567021},
issn = {2235-2988},
mesh = {Animals ; *Bacterial Vaccines ; *Chlamydia trachomatis ; Antibodies ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Antibody Formation ; },
abstract = {Obligate intracellular bacteria have remained those for which effective vaccines are unavailable, mostly because protection does not solely rely on an antibody response. Effective antibody-based vaccines, however, have been developed against extracellular bacteria pathogens or toxins. Additionally, obligate intracellular bacteria have evolved many mechanisms to subvert the immune response, making vaccine development complex. Much of what we know about protective immunity for these pathogens has been determined using infection-resolved cases and animal models that mimic disease. These studies have laid the groundwork for antigen discovery, which, combined with recent advances in vaccinology, should allow for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines. Successful vaccines against obligate intracellular bacteria should elicit potent T cell memory responses, in addition to humoral responses. Furthermore, they ought to be designed to specifically induce strong cytotoxic CD8+ T cell responses for protective immunity. This review will describe what we know about the potentially protective immune responses to this group of bacteria. Additionally, we will argue that the novel delivery platforms used during the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic should be excellent candidates to produce protective immunity once antigens are discovered. We will then look more specifically into the vaccine development for Rickettsiaceae, Coxiella burnetti, and Anaplasmataceae from infancy until today. We have not included Chlamydia trachomatis in this review because of the many vaccine related reviews that have been written in recent years.},
}

Animals
*Bacterial Vaccines
*Chlamydia trachomatis
Antibodies
CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
Antibody Formation

@article {pmid38566799,
year = {2024},
author = {Abuhaloob, L and Purnat, TD and Tabche, C and Atwan, Z and Dubois, E and Rawaf, S},
title = {Management of infodemics in outbreaks or health crises: a systematic review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1343902},
pmid = {38566799},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; Ecosystem ; Infodemic ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; *Epidemics ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization (WHO) defined an infodemic as an overabundance of information, accurate or not, in the digital and physical space, accompanying an acute health event such as an outbreak or epidemic. It can impact people's risk perceptions, trust, and confidence in the health system, and health workers. As an immediate response, the WHO developed the infodemic management (IM) frameworks, research agenda, intervention frameworks, competencies, and processes for reference by health authorities.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review explored the response to and during acute health events by health authorities and other organizations operating in health. It also assessed the effectiveness of the current interventions.

METHODS: On 26 June 2023, an online database search included Medline (Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Epistemonikos, and the WHO website. It included English-only, peer-reviewed studies or reports covering IM processes applied by health organizations that reported their effectiveness. There was no restriction on publication dates. Two independent reviewers conducted all screening, inclusion, and quality assessments, and a third reviewer arbitrated any disagreement between the two reviewers.

RESULTS: Reviewers identified 945 records. After a final assessment, 29 studies were included in the review and were published between 2021 and 2023. Some countries (Pakistan, Yemen, Spain, Italy, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom, United States, New Zealand, Finland, South Korea, and Russia) applied different methods of IM to people's behaviors. These included but were not limited to launching media and TV conservations, using web and scientific database searches, posting science-based COVID-19 information, implementing online surveys, and creating an innovative ecosystem of digital tools, and an Early AI-supported response with Social Listening (EARS) platform. Most of the interventions were effective in containing the harmful effects of COVID-19 infodemic. However, the quality of the evidence was not robust.

DISCUSSION: Most of the infodemic interventions applied during COVID-19 fall within the recommended actions of the WHO IM ecosystem. As a result, the study suggests that more research is needed into the challenges facing health systems in different operational environments and country contexts in relation to designing, implementing, and evaluating IM interventions, strategies, policies, and systems.},
}

Humans
Ecosystem
Infodemic
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
*Epidemics

@article {pmid38566466,
year = {2024},
author = {Hutto, A and Raynor, P and Baliko, B},
title = {Shared Trauma: An evolutionary model concept analysis in light of COVID-19.},
journal = {International journal of mental health nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/inm.13326},
pmid = {38566466},
issn = {1447-0349},
support = {1K23DA051626-01A/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States ; },
abstract = {Shared trauma (ST) is a term historically applied to social work experiences, but other healthcare professionals (HCP) also experience ST. With the occurrence of COVID-19, ST has impacted HCP globally and has led to new discoveries and more questions regarding its scope, impact and duration. This article aims to explore the concept of ST applied to nurses in light of COVID-19 using the Rogers and Knafl Evolutionary Model for Concept Analysis. Further examination and evolution of 'shared trauma', particularly during COVID-19, has led to the development of an adapted model to explore the implications of ST on health-related outcomes for nurses.},
}

@article {pmid38565500,
year = {2024},
author = {Chachlaki, K and Le Duc, K and Storme, L and Prevot, V},
title = {Novel insights into minipuberty and GnRH: Implications on neurodevelopment, cognition, and COVID-19 therapeutics.},
journal = {Journal of neuroendocrinology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {e13387},
doi = {10.1111/jne.13387},
pmid = {38565500},
issn = {1365-2826},
support = {ECTZ200878//Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale/ ; 810331//H2020 European Research Council/ ; 847941//H2020 European Research Council/ ; ANRS0167//Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales/ ; 101123221//ERC-2023-PoC/ ; },
abstract = {In humans, the first 1000 days of life are pivotal for brain and organism development. Shortly after birth, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the hypothalamus are activated, a phenomenon known as minipuberty. This phenomenon, observed in all mammals studied, influences the postnatal development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis and reproductive function. This review will put into perspective the results of recent studies showing that the impact of minipuberty extends beyond reproductive function, influencing sensory and cognitive maturation. Studies in mice have revealed the role of nitric oxide (NO) in regulating minipuberty amplitude, with NO deficiency linked to cognitive and olfactory deficits. Additionally, findings indicate that cognitive and sensory defects in adulthood in a mouse model of Down syndrome are associated with an age-dependent decline of GnRH production, whose origin can be traced back to minipuberty, and point to the potential therapeutic role of pulsatile GnRH administration in cognitive disorders. Furthermore, this review delves into the repercussions of COVID-19 on GnRH production, emphasizing potential consequences for neurodevelopment and cognitive function in infected individuals. Notably, GnRH neurons appear susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising concerns about potential long-term effects on brain development and function. In conclusion, the intricate interplay between GnRH neurons, GnRH release, and the activity of various extrahypothalamic brain circuits reveals an unexpected role for these neuroendocrine neurons in the development and maintenance of sensory and cognitive functions, supplementing their established function in reproduction. Therapeutic interventions targeting the HPG axis, such as inhaled NO therapy in infancy and pulsatile GnRH administration in adults, emerge as promising approaches for addressing neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders and pathological aging.},
}

@article {pmid38564853,
year = {2024},
author = {Silva, PV and Nobre, CN},
title = {Computational methods in the analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in mammals: A systematic review of the literature.},
journal = {Computers in biology and medicine},
volume = {173},
number = {},
pages = {108264},
doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108264},
pmid = {38564853},
issn = {1879-0534},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped RNA virus that causes severe respiratory illness in humans and animals. It infects cells by binding the Spike protein to the host's angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The bat is considered the natural host of the virus, and zoonotic transmission is a significant risk and can happen when humans come into close contact with infected animals. Therefore, understanding the interconnection between human, animal, and environmental health is important to prevent and control future coronavirus outbreaks. This work aimed to systematically review the literature to identify characteristics that make mammals suitable virus transmitters and raise the main computational methods used to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 in mammals. Based on this review, it was possible to identify the main factors related to transmissions mentioned in the literature, such as the expression of ACE2 and proximity to humans, in addition to identifying the computational methods used for its study, such as Machine Learning, Molecular Modeling, Computational Simulation, between others. The findings of the work contribute to the prevention and control of future outbreaks, provide information on transmission factors, and highlight the importance of advanced computational methods in the study of infectious diseases that allow a deeper understanding of transmission patterns and can help in the development of more effective control and intervention strategies.},
}

@article {pmid38564339,
year = {2024},
author = {Kardos, P and Correia de Sousa, J and Heininger, U and Konstantopoulos, A and MacIntyre, CR and Middleton, D and Nolan, T and Papi, A and Rendon, A and Rizzo, A and Sampson, K and Sette, A and Sobczyk, E and Tan, T and Weil-Olivier, C and Weinberger, B and Wilkinson, T and Wirsing von König, CH},
title = {Understanding the impact of adult pertussis and current approaches to vaccination: A narrative review and expert panel recommendations.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {2324547},
pmid = {38564339},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Adolescent ; *Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Quality of Life ; Vaccination ; *Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines ; Incidence ; },
abstract = {Pertussis has several notable consequences, causing economic burden, increased strain on healthcare facilities, and reductions in quality of life. Recent years have seen a trend toward an increase in pertussis cases affecting older children and adults. To boost immunity, and protect vulnerable populations, an enduring approach to vaccination has been proposed, but gaps remain in the evidence surrounding adult vaccination that are needed to inform such a policy. Gaps include: the true incidence of pertussis and its complications in adults; regional variations in disease recognition and reporting; and incidence of severe disease, hospitalizations, and deaths in older adults. Better data on the efficacy/effectiveness of pertussis vaccination in adults, duration of protection, and factors leading to poor vaccine uptake are needed. Addressing the critical evidence gaps will help highlight important areas of unmet need and justify the importance of adult pertussis vaccination to healthcare professionals, policymakers, and payers.},
}

Child
Humans
Aged
Adolescent
*Whooping Cough/epidemiology/prevention & control
Quality of Life
Vaccination
*Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
Incidence

@article {pmid38564321,
year = {2024},
author = {Grant, M and Ni Lee, L and Chinnakannan, S and Tong, O and Kwok, J and Cianci, N and Tillman, L and Saha, A and Pereira Almeida, V and Leung, C},
title = {Unlocking cancer vaccine potential: What are the key factors?.},
journal = {Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {2331486},
doi = {10.1080/21645515.2024.2331486},
pmid = {38564321},
issn = {2164-554X},
mesh = {Humans ; *Cancer Vaccines ; Pandemics ; *Neoplasms/prevention & control ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Global Health ; Immunotherapy/methods ; },
abstract = {Cancer is a global health challenge, with changing demographics and lifestyle factors producing an increasing burden worldwide. Screening advancements are enabling earlier diagnoses, but current cancer immunotherapies only induce remission in a small proportion of patients and come at a high cost. Cancer vaccines may offer a solution to these challenges, but they have been mired by poor results in past decades. Greater understanding of tumor biology, coupled with the success of vaccine technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic, has reinvigorated cancer vaccine development. With the first signs of efficacy being reported, cancer vaccines may be beginning to fulfill their potential. Solid tumors, however, present different hurdles than infectious diseases. Combining insights from previous cancer vaccine clinical development and contemporary knowledge of tumor immunology, we ask: who are the 'right' patients, what are the 'right' targets, and which are the 'right' modalities to maximize the chances of cancer vaccine success?},
}

Humans
*Cancer Vaccines
Pandemics
*Neoplasms/prevention & control
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Global Health
Immunotherapy/methods

@article {pmid38563052,
year = {2024},
author = {Chahal, K and Matwala, K},
title = {A systematic review of the prevalence of burnout in orthopaedic surgeons.},
journal = {Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1308/rcsann.2024.0009},
pmid = {38563052},
issn = {1478-7083},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Professional burnout is a syndrome of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and low sense of personal achievement related to the workplace. Orthopaedic surgeons train and practise in highly demanding environments. Understanding up-to-date trends in burnout, particularly following the COVID-19 pandemic, is vital. For this reason, we carried out a systematic review on this topic.

METHODS: A scoping literature review of two databases was conducted. Two authors independently screened articles and conflicts were resolved by panel discussion. Articles pertaining to orthopaedic surgeons that used validated scales and were peer reviewed research were included. Non-English or abstract-only results were excluded.

RESULTS: A total of 664 papers were identified in the literature search and 34 were included in the qualitative review. Among 8,471 orthopaedic surgeons, the mean burnout prevalence was 48.9%. The wide range in rate of burnout between the studies (15-90.4%) reflected the variety in setting, subspecialty and surgeon grade. Common protective factors comprised dedicated mentorship, surgeon seniority, sufficient exercise and family support. Substance abuse, malpractice claims, financial stress and onerous on-call responsibilities were risk factors. Burnout prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic was not noticeably different; there were a number of pandemic-associated risk and protective factors.

CONCLUSIONS: Nearly one in two orthopaedic surgeons are burnt out. There is a paucity of data on the short and long-term impact of COVID-19 on burnout. Burnout has deep organisational, personal and clinical implications. Targeted organisational interventions are required to prevent burnout from irrevocably damaging the future of orthopaedic surgery.},
}

@article {pmid38563038,
year = {2024},
author = {Abdoli, M and Khoshgoftar, M and Jadidi, H and Daniali, SS and Kelishadi, R},
title = {Screen Time and Child Behavioral Disorders During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.},
journal = {International journal of preventive medicine},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {9},
pmid = {38563038},
issn = {2008-7802},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: The extensive use of various electronic games and communication devices, particularly among children and adolescents, has raised concerns, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the link between screen time and internalizing disorders, such as anxiety and depression, among individuals aged ≤18 during the global COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS: This systematic review aims to summarize scientific publications from 2019 to early 2022 by searching databases, including the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and PsycINFO, to identify suitable studies. In each paper, we searched the following keywords and their synonyms: screen, child, high school, middle school, and psychiatric disorders. The quality of the selected papers was evaluated using a checklist recommended by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for observational cohort studies.

RESULTS: Out of 986 reports identified, we included 12 papers with 14,483 participants. The study revealed a negative correlation between screen time (TV, computer, video games, and mobile phones) and behavioral outcomes. Smartphones were the most frequently used devices, with video games being more prevalent among older participants for education, communication, and entertainment purposes. The prevalence of depression ranged between 10% and 25%. Furthermore, anxiety and depression were identified as predictors of increased screen usage. Some results displayed variation based on the type of screen exposure, the questionnaires used, and the age of the participants.

CONCLUSIONS: The findings imply an indirect association between increased screen time and depression and anxiety. It is crucial to consider limitations on screen time exposure and parental supervision as measures to prevent certain mental disorders.},
}

@article {pmid38562365,
year = {2024},
author = {Zarzeczny, A and Kahar, P},
title = {Vaccine Trends in Pakistan: A Review of Immunization Challenges and Setbacks Prompted by Inadequate Disaster Management.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e55357},
pmid = {38562365},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Pakistan bears an incredible burden of vaccine-preventable diseases, and efforts to improve widespread immunization have been hindered by inadequate public health management following disasters and other health emergencies. Through a brief review of Pakistan's health system, an understanding of routine immunization challenges is sought based on the organizational changes made to the planning and delivery of immunization activities. Further, recent immunization trends of measles, polio, and tuberculosis are examined in correspondence to health emergencies prompted by climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. The national public health response to each disease is discussed, and insight is given to how the devolution of Pakistan's health system may have influenced the severity of each emergency. Focus is given to the potential immunization challenges and how they may impact future initiatives for the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. Although incidence rates suggest increased cases of certain vaccine-preventable diseases and disruptions of immunization activities following recent disasters, further studies may need to be conducted to establish a stronger understanding of the immunization trends noted within this review.},
}

@article {pmid38561855,
year = {2024},
author = {Kendig, NE and Bur, S and Zaslavsky, J},
title = {Infection Prevention and Control in Correctional Settings.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {13},
pages = {S88-S93},
pmid = {38561855},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Humans ; United States/epidemiology ; Prisons ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Infection Control ; *Communicable Diseases ; },
abstract = {Correctional facilities house millions of residents in communities throughout the United States. Such congregate settings are critical for national infection prevention and control (IPC) efforts. Carceral settings can be sites where infectious diseases are detected in patient populations who may not otherwise have access to health care services, and as highlighted by the COVID-19 pandemic, where outbreaks of infectious diseases may result in spread to residents, correctional staff, and the community at large. Correctional IPC, while sharing commonalities with IPC in other settings, is unique programmatically and operationally. In this article, we identify common challenges with correctional IPC program implementation and recommend action steps for advancing correctional IPC as a national public health priority.},
}

Humans
United States/epidemiology
Prisons
Pandemics/prevention & control
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Infection Control
*Communicable Diseases

@article {pmid38561696,
year = {2024},
author = {Ge, J and Li, Y and Shi, D and Wei, J and Wang, J and Liu, J},
title = {Cytomegalovirus colitis as intestinal obstruction in an immunocompetent adolescent: a case report and literature review.},
journal = {BMC infectious diseases},
volume = {24},
number = {1},
pages = {365},
pmid = {38561696},
issn = {1471-2334},
support = {2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; 2022-PUMCH-B-109//National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding/ ; },
mesh = {Male ; Adult ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Aged ; *Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Ganciclovir/therapeutic use ; Colonoscopy ; *Enterocolitis/complications ; *Intestinal Obstruction ; *Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus infection manifests varying clinical characteristics and severity in diverse populations with different immune statuses. The signs and symptoms of gastrointestinal involvement are nonspecific. Here, we present a case of cytomegalovirus colitis in an immunocompetent adolescent, which manifested as intestinal pseud-obstruction.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old man who had contracted novel coronavirus infection one month earlier was admitted to our hospital with fever, abdominal pain, and hematochezia. His abdomen was distended, and laboratory evaluation revealed a decrease in the blood count, an increase in inflammatory indicators and hepatic impairment. Imaging shows bowel wall thickening and dilatation of the colon. A diagnosis of intestinal infection combined with acute intestinal pseud-obstruction was made. Diarrhea persisted despite conservative treatment with empirical antibiotics. A colonoscopy was performed. Pathology confirmed cytomegalovirus infection. Ganciclovir therapy was initiated, and subsequent review showed a good recovery.

CONCLUSIONS: The case was diagnosed as cytomegalovirus colitis. We reviewed the reports of 9 cases of bowel obstruction, including our own, and found that the majority of the adult patients were elderly with underlying disease. Clinical and endoscopic manifestations are typically nonspecific, and imaging shows typical signs of intestinal obstruction. The final diagnosis was confirmed by pathology. Most of them have a good prognosis. We suggest that cytomegalovirus colitis can also lead to intestinal obstruction and that viral reactivation in immunocompetent individuals may be associated with inflammatory conditions and viral coinfection, particularly with the novel coronavirus.},
}

Male
Adult
Humans
Adolescent
Aged
*Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
Ganciclovir/therapeutic use
Colonoscopy
*Enterocolitis/complications
*Intestinal Obstruction
*Intraabdominal Infections/drug therapy

@article {pmid38561638,
year = {2024},
author = {Saber, LB and Kennedy, SS and Yang, Y and Moore, KN and Wang, Y and Hilton, SP and Chang, TY and Liu, P and Phillips, VL and Akiyama, MJ and Moe, CL and Spaulding, AC},
title = {Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 in Wastewater and Individual Testing Results in a Jail, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {13},
pages = {S21-S27},
pmid = {38561638},
issn = {1080-6059},
support = {75N92021C00012/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States ; INV-035562/GATES/Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; Animals ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; *COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology ; Georgia/epidemiology ; Wastewater ; Jails ; Pandemics ; *Gastropoda ; RNA, Viral ; },
abstract = {Institution-level wastewater-based surveillance was implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic, including in carceral facilities. We examined the relationship between COVID-19 diagnostic test results of residents in a jail in Atlanta, Georgia, USA (average population ≈2,700), and quantitative reverse transcription PCR signal for SARS-CoV-2 in weekly wastewater samples collected during October 2021‒May 2022. The jail offered residents rapid antigen testing at entry and periodic mass screenings by reverse transcription PCR of self-collected nasal swab specimens. We aggregated individual test data, calculated the Spearman correlation coefficient, and performed logistic regression to examine the relationship between strength of SARS-CoV-2 PCR signal (cycle threshold value) in wastewater and percentage of jail population that tested positive for COVID-19. Of 13,745 nasal specimens collected, 3.9% were COVID-positive (range 0%-29.5% per week). We observed a strong inverse correlation between diagnostic test positivity and cycle threshold value (r = -0.67; p<0.01). Wastewater-based surveillance represents an effective strategy for jailwide surveillance of COVID-19.},
}

Humans
Animals
SARS-CoV-2/genetics
*COVID-19/diagnosis/epidemiology
Georgia/epidemiology
Wastewater
Jails
Pandemics
*Gastropoda
RNA, Viral

@article {pmid38561633,
year = {2024},
author = {Gurrey, SO and Strick, LB and Dov, LK and Miller, JS and Pecha, M and Stalter, RM and Miller, DL and Marshall, B and Salazar, AP and Newman, LP},
title = {Lessons Learned from Public Health and State Prison Collaborations during COVID-19 Pandemic and Multifacility Tuberculosis Outbreak, Washington, USA.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {13},
pages = {S17-S20},
pmid = {38561633},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Public Health ; Prisons ; Washington/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; *Tuberculosis/epidemiology/prevention & control ; },
abstract = {The large COVID-19 outbreaks in prisons in the Washington (USA) State Department of Corrections (WADOC) system during 2020 highlighted the need for a new public health approach to prevent and control COVID-19 transmission in the system's 12 facilities. WADOC and the Washington State Department of Health (WADOH) responded by strengthening partnerships through dedicated corrections-focused public health staff, improving cross-agency outbreak response coordination, implementing and developing corrections-specific public health guidance, and establishing collaborative data systems. The preexisting partnerships and trust between WADOC and WADOH, strengthened during the COVID-19 response, laid the foundation for a collaborative response during late 2021 to the largest tuberculosis outbreak in Washington State in the past 20 years. We describe challenges of a multiagency collaboration during 2 outbreak responses, as well as approaches to address those challenges, and share lessons learned for future communicable disease outbreak responses in correctional settings.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Public Health
Prisons
Washington/epidemiology
Pandemics/prevention & control
Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
*Tuberculosis/epidemiology/prevention & control

@article {pmid38561631,
year = {2024},
author = {Waddell, C and Meehan, A and Schoonveld, M and Kaplan, Z and Bien, M and Bailey, C and Mosites, E and Hagan, LM},
title = {Lessons Learned from COVID-19 Response in Correctional and Detention Facilities.},
journal = {Emerging infectious diseases},
volume = {30},
number = {13},
pages = {S5-S12},
pmid = {38561631},
issn = {1080-6059},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Prisons ; Public Health ; Delivery of Health Care ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected persons held in and working in correctional and detention facilities, causing facilities' traditional priorities to shift when healthcare and public health needs temporarily drove many aspects of operations. During July-August 2022, we interviewed members of health departments and criminal justice organizations to document lessons learned from the COVID-19 response in correctional settings. Participants valued enhanced partnerships, flexibility, and innovation, as well as real-time data and corrections-specific public health guidance. Challenges included cross-sector collaborations, population density, scarcity of equipment and supplies, and mental health. Most participants reported improved relationships between criminal justice and public health organizations during the pandemic. Lessons from COVID-19 can be applied to everyday public health preparedness and emergency response in correctional facilities by ensuring representation of correctional health in public health strategy and practice and providing timely, data-driven, and partner-informed guidance tailored to correctional environments when public health needs arise.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics/prevention & control
Prisons
Public Health
Delivery of Health Care

@article {pmid38462432,
year = {2024},
author = {Moro, PL and Carlock, G and Fifadara, N and Habenicht, T and Zhang, B and Strid, P and Marquez, P},
title = {Safety monitoring of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant persons in the vaccine adverse event reporting System - United States, September 1, 2022 - March 31, 2023.},
journal = {Vaccine},
volume = {42},
number = {9},
pages = {2380-2384},
doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.02.084},
pmid = {38462432},
issn = {1873-2518},
mesh = {Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Pregnancy ; Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems ; BNT162 Vaccine ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; United States/epidemiology ; *Vaccines ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Pregnant persons are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 illness. Bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination is recommended for everyone, including pregnant persons. However, data are limited on the safety of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and summarize reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), a national spontaneous reporting system, among pregnant persons who received bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine.

METHODS: VAERS U.S. reports of adverse events (AEs) in pregnant persons who received the bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine from 9/1/2022-03/31/2023 were identified. Clinicians reviewed all reports and available medical records. AEs of these reports were compared with AEs reported to VAERS following monovalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination in pregnancy.

RESULTS: VAERS received 136 reports for pregnant persons who received bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccine; 87 (64 %) after BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech), and 48 (35 %) after mRNA-1273 (Moderna); 28 (20.6 %) reports were classified as serious. The most common pregnancy-specific outcomes reported included 12 (8.8 %) spontaneous abortions (<20 weeks gestation), 6 (4.4 %) episodes of preterm delivery, and 5 (3.7 %) reports of preeclampsia. One stillbirth (≥20 weeks gestation) was reported. No maternal or infant deaths were reported. There were 6 reports of AEs in infants, which included 3 reports of admissions to the neonatal intensive care unit: two infants with low birth weight, and one infant with a patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale. Non-pregnancy-specific adverse events were mostly COVID-19 infection and systemic reactions (e.g., headache, fatigue). Pregnancy-specific conditions were reported less frequently after bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination compared to monovalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination (3rd and 4th dose).

CONCLUSIONS: Based on this review of reports to VAERS, the safety profile of bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant persons was comparable to that observed for monovalent mRNA COVID-19 booster vaccination (3rd and 4th dose) in pregnant persons.},
}

Female
Humans
Infant, Newborn
Pregnancy
Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems
BNT162 Vaccine
*COVID-19/prevention & control
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
United States/epidemiology
*Vaccines

@article {pmid38284949,
year = {2024},
author = {Henriques, C and Lopes, MM and Silva, AC and Lobo, DD and Badin, RA and Hantraye, P and Pereira de Almeida, L and Nobre, RJ},
title = {Viral-based animal models in polyglutamine disorders.},
journal = {Brain : a journal of neurology},
volume = {147},
number = {4},
pages = {1166-1189},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awae012},
pmid = {38284949},
issn = {1460-2156},
support = {//European Regional Development Fund/ ; UIDB/04539/2020//Portuguese National Funds/ ; POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029716//SpreadSilencing/ ; CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022095//ViraVector/ ; CENTRO-01-01D2-FEDER-000002//Fighting Sars-CoV-2/ ; CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181240//BDforMJD/ ; CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181258//ModelPolyQ2.0/ ; CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-181266//MJDEDIT/ ; //European Union's H2020/ ; //American Portuguese Biomedical Research Fund/ ; 2021.06939.BD//Richard Chin and Lily Lock Machado-Joseph Disease Research/ ; },
mesh = {Animals ; *Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion ; *Peptides/genetics ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transgenes ; },
abstract = {Polyglutamine disorders are a complex group of incurable neurodegenerative disorders caused by an abnormal expansion in the trinucleotide cytosine-adenine-guanine tract of the affected gene. To better understand these disorders, our dependence on animal models persists, primarily relying on transgenic models. In an effort to complement and deepen our knowledge, researchers have also developed animal models of polyglutamine disorders employing viral vectors. Viral vectors have been extensively used to deliver genes to the brain, not only for therapeutic purposes but also for the development of animal models, given their remarkable flexibility. In a time- and cost-effective manner, it is possible to use different transgenes, at varying doses, in diverse targeted tissues, at different ages, and in different species, to recreate polyglutamine pathology. This paper aims to showcase the utility of viral vectors in disease modelling, share essential considerations for developing animal models with viral vectors, and provide a comprehensive review of existing viral-based animal models for polyglutamine disorders.},
}

Animals
*Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
*Peptides/genetics
Disease Models, Animal
Transgenes

@article {pmid38151821,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, SC and Yao, YT and , },
title = {The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in China.},
journal = {Transfusion medicine (Oxford, England)},
volume = {34},
number = {2},
pages = {124-135},
doi = {10.1111/tme.13020},
pmid = {38151821},
issn = {1365-3148},
support = {2021-I2M-C&T-B-038//This work was partially funded by CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)/ ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *Blood Donation ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Pandemics ; Blood Component Transfusion ; Blood Transfusion ; Blood Donors ; },
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a sharp decline in blood donation which posed a serious threat to the clinical blood supply worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on blood donation and supply in China on a nationwide level.

METHODS: A comprehensive review of the published literature was performed using eight databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Embase, CNKI, WANFANG, and VIP by searching relevant words combinations.

RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were determined to be eligible and included. Among them, 21 studies reported the situation of blood donation during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. The donation of both whole blood and platelet concentrates declined (with a decline of 5%-86% for whole blood and 3%-34% for platelet concentrates), with this especially evident in February 2020. The COVID-19 pandemic changed the pattern of blood donation and the composition of blood donors accordingly. Fifteen articles reported the supply of various blood components during the COVID-19 pandemic. The supply and usage of both packed red blood cell (PRBC) and fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) decreased (with a decrease of 4%-40% for PRBC and 9%-58% for FFP). The proportion of blood transfusions in different departments changed too. Compared to 2019, there was a decrease in surgical blood transfusions, and an increase in that used in treatments performed in emergency and internal medicine departments.

CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an overall reduction of blood transfusion activities in most cities in China, in particular blood donations and blood demands.},
}

Humans
*Blood Donation
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Pandemics
Blood Component Transfusion
Blood Transfusion
Blood Donors

@article {pmid37816384,
year = {2024},
author = {Führer, A and Pacolli-Tabaku, L and Kompa, P and Yılmaz-Aslan, Y and Brzoska, P},
title = {[Management Of Covid-19 Pandemic In Shelters For Asylum Seekers: Results From A Mixed Methods Study.].},
journal = {Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))},
volume = {86},
number = {4},
pages = {315-321},
doi = {10.1055/a-2144-5841},
pmid = {37816384},
issn = {1439-4421},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; *Refugees ; Pandemics ; Germany/epidemiology ; Housing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Refugees in Germany are often housed in shelters, where their influence on the organization of everyday life is severely limited. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these shelters therefore had a special responsibility to take measures to protect the health of their residents. The aim of this research project was to examine how this task was managed and how the pandemic affected daily life in refugee shelters, with the aim to formulate recommendations for practice.

METHODS: Using a mixed-methods study, the first step was a scoping review of the literature on the management of infectious disease outbreaks in refugee shelters. Building on the findings of the review, management of the pandemic was then explored in an online survey and in interviews with experts and residents of shelters. In a third step, the results of the preceding steps were summarized and discussed with a panel of experts. Recommendations for practice were developed with the expert panel in two discussion rounds two months apart.

RESULTS: The refugee shelters included in the study were inadequately prepared for the pandemic and often did not develop contingency plans until the pandemic was underway. In many cases, the contingency plans included the establishment of crisis teams, but the interests and perspectives of facility residents were generally not represented by these teams. This subsequently led to problems: Pandemic measures were often not communicated in a timely or sufficiently understandable manner, gaps in care resulting from measures were not identified or addressed, and psychosocial stresses associated with the pandemic and quarantine measures were not adequately mitigated.

CONCLUSION: • Refugee shelters should establish mechanisms to integrate residents' interests and perspectives into decision-making processes in a structured manner, regardless of the pandemic.• Depending on the type of shelter, this should be realized through resident involvement in decision-making bodies or other appropriate representation of interests. • Measures introduced during the pandemic that may have a negative impact on the psychosocial situation of residents should be terminated as soon as the epidemic justification for the measures no longer applies.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
*Refugees
Pandemics
Germany/epidemiology
Housing

@article {pmid38566903,
year = {2022},
author = {McCulloch, L and Mouat, IC and South, K and McColl, BW and Allan, SM and Smith, CJ},
title = {Stroke-induced changes to immune function and their relevance to increased risk of severe COVID-19 disease.},
journal = {Discovery immunology},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {kyac004},
pmid = {38566903},
issn = {2754-2483},
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic moves towards endemic disease, it remains of key importance to identify groups of individuals vulnerable to severe infection and understand the biological factors that mediate this risk. Stroke patients are at increased risk of developing severe COVID-19, likely due to stroke-induced alterations to systemic immune function. Furthermore, immune responses associated with severe COVID-19 in patients without a history of stroke parallel many of the immune alterations induced by stroke, possibly resulting in a compounding effect that contributes to worsened disease severity. In this review, we discuss the changes to systemic immune function that likely contribute to augmented COVID-19 severity in patients with a history of stroke and the effects of COVID-19 on the immune system that may exacerbate these effects.},
}

@article {pmid38561563,
year = {2024},
author = {Zhang, Z and Yan, Y and Zhao, L and Bian, Y and Zhao, N and Wu, Y and Zhao, D and Zhang, Z},
title = {Trajectory of COVID-19 response and management strategy in China: scientific rationale driven strategy adjustments.},
journal = {Frontiers of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38561563},
issn = {2095-0225},
abstract = {The pneumonia caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection in early December 2019, which was later named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by the World Health Organization (WHO), rapidly spread across the world. China has made extraordinary efforts to this unprecedented pandemic, put its response and control at a very high level of infectious disease management (Category B but with measures for Category A), given top priority to the people and their lives, and balanced the pandemic control and socio-economic development. After more than three years' fighting against this disease, China downgraded the management of COVID-19 to Category B infectious disease on January 8, 2023 and the WHO declared the end of public health emergency on May 5, 2023. However, the ending of pandemic does not mean that the disease is no longer a health threat. Experiences against COVID-19 from China and the whole world should be learned to prepare well for the future public health emergencies. This article gives a systematic review of the trajectory of COVID-19 development in China, summarizes the critical policy arrangements and provides evidence for the adjustment during policy making process, so as to share experiences with international community and contribute to the global health for all humanity.},
}

@article {pmid38561562,
year = {2024},
author = {Hu, B and Guo, H and Si, H and Shi, Z},
title = {Emergence of SARS and COVID-19 and preparedness for the next emerging disease X.},
journal = {Frontiers of medicine},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38561562},
issn = {2095-0225},
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are two human Coronavirus diseases emerging in this century, posing tremendous threats to public health and causing great loss to lives and economy. In this review, we retrospect the studies tracing the molecular evolution of SARS-CoV, and we sort out current research findings about the potential ancestor of SARS-CoV-2. Updated knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-like viruses found in wildlife, the animal susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2, as well as the interspecies transmission risk of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) are gathered here. Finally, we discuss the strategies of how to be prepared against future outbreaks of emerging or re-emerging coronaviruses.},
}

@article {pmid38561236,
year = {2024},
author = {Nlandu, Y and Tannor, EK and Bafemika, T and Makulo, JR},
title = {Kidney damage associated with COVID-19: from the acute to the chronic phase.},
journal = {Renal failure},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {2316885},
pmid = {38561236},
issn = {1525-6049},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/complications ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Kidney/pathology ; *Acute Kidney Injury/etiology/pathology ; Inflammation/pathology ; },
abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) infection is well established as a systemic disease including kidney damage. The entry point into the renal cell remains the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor and the spectrum of renal lesions is broad, with a clear predominance of structural and functional tubular lesions. The most common form of glomerular injury is collapsing glomerulopathy (CG), which is strongly associated with apolipoprotein L1(APOL-1) risk variants. These acute lesions, which are secondary to the direct or indirect effects of SARS-CoV-2, can progress to chronicity and are specific to long COVID-19 in the absence of any other cause. Residual inflammation associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in addition to acute kidney injury (AKI) as a transitional state with or without severe histological lesions, may be responsible for greater kidney function decline in mild-to-moderate COVID-19. This review discusses the evidence for renal histological markers of chronicity in COVID-19 patients and triggers of low-grade inflammation that may explain the decline in kidney function in the post-COVID-19 period.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/complications
SARS-CoV-2
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Kidney/pathology
*Acute Kidney Injury/etiology/pathology
Inflammation/pathology

@article {pmid38560644,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, DY and Huang, PI and Tang, KT},
title = {Characteristics of long COVID in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.},
journal = {Rheumatology advances in practice},
volume = {8},
number = {2},
pages = {rkae027},
pmid = {38560644},
issn = {2514-1775},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Numerous cases of long coronavirus disease (long COVID) have been reported in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). Despite the reviews on clinical manifestations of long COVID in the general population, systematic reviews on ARD patients are scarce. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and characteristics of long COVID in ARD patients.

METHODS: We searched the literature in PubMed and Embase as of 27 December 2022. Cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies relevant to long COVID in ARD patients were collected. Stratification based on the severity of COVID infection and subtypes of rheumatic diseases [systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease (SARD) vs non-autoimmune rheumatic disease (NARD)] was also undertaken. A random-effects model was used in the meta-analysis.

RESULTS: A total of 15 relevant studies were identified from the literature. The prevalence of long COVID was 56% (95% CI 34, 76) in 2995 patients. Hospitalized COVID patients had a higher proportion of long COVID than non-hospitalized patients. The prevalence of long COVID was similar between SARD and NARD patients. In terms of symptoms, fatigue, arthralgia and pain were commonly reported in long COVID patients with ARDs.

CONCLUSION: The characteristics of long COVID in ARD patients are generally similar to those in the general population despite a higher prevalence and a higher proportion of arthralgia and pain.},
}

@article {pmid38560615,
year = {2024},
author = {Bramanti, A and Ciurleo, R and Vecchione, C and Turolla, A and Piramide, N and Ciccarelli, M and Piramide, E and Garofano, M and Senatore, M and Calabrese, M},
title = {Telerehabilitation: A Solution for Patients After Hip Fracture?.},
journal = {Translational medicine @ UniSa},
volume = {26},
number = {1},
pages = {30-37},
pmid = {38560615},
issn = {2239-9747},
abstract = {- Hip fracture is the most common cause of hospitalization in frail geriatric subjects due to osteoporosis and recurrent falls. The clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation after surgery in patients with hip fractures recommend to start treatment early. However, the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic between December 2019 and January 2020 forced to lockdown. Thus, telerehabilitation seemed the best solution to remote assistance. In this scenario, the aim of our study is to assess the effects of telerehabilitation and to clarify and rearrange the knowledge about its usability and feasibility in patients after hip fracture in emergency conditions, such as the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2. Three databases were systematically searched from caption to December 2023, considering only articles published in peer-reviewed journals, with the use of three macro-areas: 'telerehabilitation', 'remote rehabilitation' and 'hip fracture'. In the present review, 26 articles were considered eligible and 10 were included. Heterogeneous results were found due to the different characteristics of the patients recruited in the studies, designs and type of the studies, and reporting/conducting of the research. Also, the typologies of telerehabilitation provided were various. In conclusion, this review demonstrated that telerehabilitation is safe, effective and well tolerated from patients and seems to be not inferior to the conventional physiotherapy. It also plays a positive role in psychological rehabilitation, in the prevention of complications and in the maintenance of achieved goals. However, further studies are needed to guide the clinical practice in providing the better posology and typology of telerehabilitation.},
}

@article {pmid38559785,
year = {2024},
author = {Reddy, KR and Freeman, AM},
title = {Lifestyle Medicine: An Antidote to Cardiovascular Diseases.},
journal = {American journal of lifestyle medicine},
volume = {18},
number = {2},
pages = {216-232},
pmid = {38559785},
issn = {1559-8284},
abstract = {Despite numerous advances in basic understanding of cardiovascular disease pathophysiology, pharmacology, therapeutic procedures, and systems improvement, there hasn't been much decline in heart disease related mortality in the US since 2010. Hypertension and diet induced risk continue to be the leading causes of cardiovascular morbidity. Even with the excessive mortality associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2020, heart disease remained the leading cause of death. Given the degree of disease burden, morbidity, and mortality, there is an urgent need to redirect medical professionals' focus towards prevention through simple and cost effective lifestyle strategies. However, current practice paradigm and financial compensation systems are mainly centered disease management and not health promotion. For example, the financial value placed on 3-10 min smoking cessation counseling (.24RVUs) is 47-fold lower than an elective PCI (11.21 RVUs). The medical community seems to be enamored with the latest and greatest technology, new devices, and surgical procedures. What if the greatest technology of all was simply the way we live every day? Perhaps when this notion is known by enough, we will switch to this lifestyle medicine technology to prevent disease in the first place.},
}

@article {pmid38559578,
year = {2024},
author = {Kasahara, A and Mitchell, J and Yang, J and Cuomo, RE and McMann, TJ and Mackey, TK},
title = {Digital technologies used in clinical trial recruitment and enrollment including application to trial diversity and inclusion: A systematic review.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {20552076241242390},
pmid = {38559578},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Many clinical trials fail because of poor recruitment and enrollment which can directly impact the success of biomedical and clinical research outcomes. Options to leverage digital technology for improving clinical trial management are expansive, with potential benefits for improving access to clinical trials, encouraging trial diversity and inclusion, and potential cost-savings through enhanced efficiency.

OBJECTIVES: This systematic review has two key aims: (1) identify and describe the digital technologies applied in clinical trial recruitment and enrollment and (2) evaluate evidence of these technologies addressing the recruitment and enrollment of racial and ethnic minority groups.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-disciplinary review of articles from PubMed, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library, published in English between January 2012 and July 2022, using MeSH terms and keywords for digital health, clinical trials, and recruitment and enrollment. Articles unrelated to technology in the recruitment/enrollment process or those discussing recruitment/enrollment without technology aspects were excluded.

RESULTS: The review returned 614 results, with 21 articles (four reviews and 17 original research articles) deemed suitable for inclusion after screening and full-text review. To address the first objective, various digital technologies were identified and characterized, which included articles with more than one technology subcategory including (a) multimedia presentations (19%, n = 4); (b) mobile applications (14%, n = 3); (c) social media platforms (29%, n = 6); (d) machine learning and computer algorithms (19%, n = 4); (e) e-consenting (24%, n = 5); (f) blockchain (5%, n = 1); (g) web-based programs (24%, n = 5); and (h) virtual messaging (24%, n = 5). Additionally, subthemes, including specific diseases or conditions addressed, privacy and regulatory concerns, cost/benefit analyses, and ethnic and minority recruitment considerations, were identified and discussed. Limited research was found to support a particular technology's effectiveness in racial and ethnic minority recruitment and enrollment.

CONCLUSION: Results from this review illustrate that several types of technology are currently being explored and utilized in clinical trial recruitment and enrollment stages. However, evidence supporting the use of digital technologies is varied and requires further research and evaluation to identify the most valuable opportunities for encouraging diversity in clinical trial recruitment and enrollment practices.},
}

@article {pmid38559465,
year = {2024},
author = {Moriarty, KL and Oyenuga, RO and Olafuyi, O and Schwartz, DA},
title = {Causes and Effects of COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Pregnant Women and its Association with Adverse Maternal, Placental, and Perinatal Outcomes.},
journal = {The Yale journal of biology and medicine},
volume = {97},
number = {1},
pages = {73-84},
pmid = {38559465},
issn = {1551-4056},
mesh = {Pregnancy ; Humans ; Female ; *Pregnant Women ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Placenta ; Educational Status ; Vaccination ; },
abstract = {Populations identified to be severely affected by COVID-19, such as pregnant patients, require special consideration in vaccine counseling, access, and provider education. Maternal infection with COVID-19 poses a significant risk to the maternal-fetal dyad with known adverse placenta destruction [1-5]. Despite the widespread access and availability of vaccinations, vaccine hesitancy continues to persist and is highly prevalent in pregnant populations [6-9]. Addressing the multitude of social ecological factors surrounding vaccine hesitancy can aid in providing holistic counseling [10]. However, such factors are foremost shaped by maternal concern over possible fetal effects from vaccination. While changes in policy can help foster vaccine access and acceptance, increasing global provider education and incorporation of motivational interviewing skills are the first steps towards increasing maternal acceptance.},
}

Pregnancy
Humans
Female
*Pregnant Women
COVID-19 Vaccines
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Placenta
Educational Status
Vaccination

@article {pmid38558789,
year = {2024},
author = {Hostiuc, M and Scafa, A and Iancu, B and Iancu, D and Isailă, OM and Ion, OM and Stroe, A and Diaconu, C and Epistatu, D and Hostiuc, S},
title = {Ethical implications of developing RNA-based therapies for cardiovascular disorders.},
journal = {Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1370403},
pmid = {38558789},
issn = {2296-4185},
abstract = {The awareness concerning RNA-based therapies was boosted significantly after the successful development of COVID-19 vaccines. However, they can potentially lead to significant advances in other areas of medicine, such as oncology or chronic diseases. In recent years, there has been an exponential increase in the number of RNA-based therapies that were evaluated as potential treatments for cardiovascular disorders. One of the areas that was not explicitly assessed about these therapies is represented by their overall ethical framework. Some studies evaluate ethical issues of RNA-based treatments in general or targeting specific disorders (especially neurodegenerative) or interventions for developing RNA-based vaccines. Much less information is available regarding the ethical issues associated with developing these therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disorders, which is the main aim of this study. We will focus our analysis on three main topics: risk-benefit analysis (including the management of public awareness about these technologies), and justice (in both research and clinical medicine).},
}

@article {pmid38558647,
year = {2024},
author = {Agwuegbo, CC and Ahmed, EN and Olumuyide, E and Moideen Sheriff, S and Waduge, SA},
title = {Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection: An Updated Comprehensive Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e55106},
pmid = {38558647},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is defined as a non-iatrogenic, non-traumatic separation of the coronary artery wall, which has gained considerable recognition as an important cause of acute coronary syndrome. Despite the emerging evidence, it is still frequently missed and requires a high index of suspicion, as failure to accurately identify SCAD promptly could prove fatal. SCAD is most prevalent among middle-aged women, although it can also be found in men and postmenopausal women. Risk factors of SCAD include exogenous hormone use, physical and emotional stressors, pregnancy, and several inflammatory and connective tissue disorders. COVID-19 also contributes to the prevalence of SCAD. SCAD is classified into four main types based on the angiographic findings - type 1, type 2, type 3, and type 4. The gold standard for diagnosis is coronary angiography; however, intracardiac imaging is useful if diagnostic doubts persist. Despite the increasing recognition of this disease, there is a paucity in the guidelines on the management of SCAD. Management may be conservative, medical, or interventional. Cardiac rehabilitation is also necessary in the management of patients with SCAD. In light of the gaps in evidence, the authors aim to provide a comprehensive review of the existing literature, outlining the pathophysiology, classification, and, most importantly, the evidence and pitfalls circulating diagnosis, acute, and long-term management of SCAD.},
}

@article {pmid38557953,
year = {2024},
author = {Hakak, F and Patel, RN and Gearry, RB},
title = {Review article: Telecare in gastroenterology-Within the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond.},
journal = {Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/apt.17956},
pmid = {38557953},
issn = {1365-2036},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Telehealth is a growing model of care, greatly accelerated with the demands of the COVID-19 pandemic. Telecare is a synchronous audio-visual or audio-only format of health delivery.

AIMS: To evaluate the existing literature on telecare within adult gastroenterology subspecialties to determine if outcomes are comparable to traditional in-person consultations and to highlight the Pokapū Network, a local initiative in the Lakes Region of New Zealand, amongst these international findings.

METHODS: We completed an OVID MEDLINE search using the terms gastroenterology, endoscopy, digestive system, inflammatory bowel disease, functional, hepatology, liver, telemedicine, telehealth, videoconferencing, remote consultation, video clinic and telephone clinic.

RESULTS: Patients showed positive attitudes towards telecare and, in several reports, would elect to have telecare consults in the future. Telecare reduces travel time and out-of-pocket costs for patients and the need for patients to take time off work. Generally, patients engaging with telecare show equivalent health outcomes to patients engaging with traditional models of care. Patients from ethnic minority groups or lower socio-economic backgrounds, or who are older, are less likely to complete a 'successful' telecare consult.

CONCLUSION: Telecare is a useful model of care to allow gastroenterology centres to function within the context of COVID-19 isolation and beyond. It has significant benefits for patients who face geographical and financial barriers to accessing healthcare. Telecare models such as the Pokapū Network hold promise in reducing inequities for gastroenterology patients. Such models must be introduced with consideration of digital disparities that exist amongst patients to avoid worsening the digital divide.},
}

@article {pmid38557549,
year = {2024},
author = {Tasnim, A and Rahman, FN and Rakhshanda, S and Karim, A},
title = {Ageing and Mental Health in the Context of Social Isolation in Covid-19 Pandemic.},
journal = {Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ},
volume = {33},
number = {2},
pages = {626-635},
pmid = {38557549},
issn = {2408-8757},
mesh = {Aged ; Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; Mental Health ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Pandemics ; Social Isolation/psychology ; Aging ; Depression/epidemiology/etiology/psychology ; },
abstract = {The Covid-19 pandemic has introduced the world to a new chapter in the last three to four years. The focus of this review is on a significant but often overlooked group and topic that has received limited research attention. Recent studies show that the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is still intense, even around three years later. This article will summarize and discuss the results of 52 studies on anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), fear of loneliness, suicidal ideation, and resilience in the elderly population before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In addition to detrimental effects, attention is also given to the improved coping abilities and lack of significant psychological distress among the geriatric population when compared to younger age groups. This review will encompass research conducted on both the population of Bangladesh and the global population as a whole.},
}

Aged
Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology
Mental Health
SARS-CoV-2
Pandemics
Social Isolation/psychology
Aging
Depression/epidemiology/etiology/psychology

@article {pmid38555743,
year = {2024},
author = {Hoenigsperger, H and Sivarajan, R and Sparrer, KM},
title = {Differences and similarities between innate immune evasion strategies of human coronaviruses.},
journal = {Current opinion in microbiology},
volume = {79},
number = {},
pages = {102466},
doi = {10.1016/j.mib.2024.102466},
pmid = {38555743},
issn = {1879-0364},
abstract = {So far, seven coronaviruses have emerged in humans. Four recurring endemic coronaviruses cause mild respiratory symptoms. Infections with epidemic Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-1 are associated with high mortality rates. SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. To establish an infection, coronaviruses evade restriction by human innate immune defenses, such as the interferon system, autophagy and the inflammasome. Here, we review similar and distinct innate immune manipulation strategies employed by the seven human coronaviruses. We further discuss the impact on pathogenesis, zoonotic emergence and adaptation. Understanding the nature of the interplay between endemic/epidemic/pandemic coronaviruses and host defenses may help to better assess the pandemic potential of emerging coronaviruses.},
}

@article {pmid38555403,
year = {2024},
author = {Naidu, AS and Wang, CK and Rao, P and Mancini, F and Clemens, RA and Wirakartakusumah, A and Chiu, HF and Yen, CH and Porretta, S and Mathai, I and Naidu, SAG},
title = {Precision nutrition to reset virus-induced human metabolic reprogramming and dysregulation (HMRD) in long-COVID.},
journal = {NPJ science of food},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {19},
pmid = {38555403},
issn = {2396-8370},
abstract = {SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19, is devoid of any metabolic capacity; therefore, it is critical for the viral pathogen to hijack host cellular metabolic machinery for its replication and propagation. This single-stranded RNA virus with a 29.9 kb genome encodes 14 open reading frames (ORFs) and initiates a plethora of virus-host protein-protein interactions in the human body. These extensive viral protein interactions with host-specific cellular targets could trigger severe human metabolic reprogramming/dysregulation (HMRD), a rewiring of sugar-, amino acid-, lipid-, and nucleotide-metabolism(s), as well as altered or impaired bioenergetics, immune dysfunction, and redox imbalance in the body. In the infectious process, the viral pathogen hijacks two major human receptors, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-2 and/or neuropilin (NRP)-1, for initial adhesion to cell surface; then utilizes two major host proteases, TMPRSS2 and/or furin, to gain cellular entry; and finally employs an endosomal enzyme, cathepsin L (CTSL) for fusogenic release of its viral genome. The virus-induced HMRD results in 5 possible infectious outcomes: asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe to fatal episodes; while the symptomatic acute COVID-19 condition could manifest into 3 clinical phases: (i) hypoxia and hypoxemia (Warburg effect), (ii) hyperferritinemia ('cytokine storm'), and (iii) thrombocytosis (coagulopathy). The mean incubation period for COVID-19 onset was estimated to be 5.1 days, and most cases develop symptoms after 14 days. The mean viral clearance times were 24, 30, and 39 days for acute, severe, and ICU-admitted COVID-19 patients, respectively. However, about 25-70% of virus-free COVID-19 survivors continue to sustain virus-induced HMRD and exhibit a wide range of symptoms that are persistent, exacerbated, or new 'onset' clinical incidents, collectively termed as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or long COVID. PASC patients experience several debilitating clinical condition(s) with >200 different and overlapping symptoms that may last for weeks to months. Chronic PASC is a cumulative outcome of at least 10 different HMRD-related pathophysiological mechanisms involving both virus-derived virulence factors and a multitude of innate host responses. Based on HMRD and virus-free clinical impairments of different human organs/systems, PASC patients can be categorized into 4 different clusters or sub-phenotypes: sub-phenotype-1 (33.8%) with cardiac and renal manifestations; sub-phenotype-2 (32.8%) with respiratory, sleep and anxiety disorders; sub-phenotype-3 (23.4%) with skeleto-muscular and nervous disorders; and sub-phenotype-4 (10.1%) with digestive and pulmonary dysfunctions. This narrative review elucidates the effects of viral hijack on host cellular machinery during SARS-CoV-2 infection, ensuing detrimental effect(s) of virus-induced HMRD on human metabolism, consequential symptomatic clinical implications, and damage to multiple organ systems; as well as chronic pathophysiological sequelae in virus-free PASC patients. We have also provided a few evidence-based, human randomized controlled trial (RCT)-tested, precision nutrients to reset HMRD for health recovery of PASC patients.},
}

@article {pmid38555250,
year = {2024},
author = {Seliger, B},
title = {Role of HLA-G in tumors and upon COVID-19 infection.},
journal = {Human immunology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {110792},
doi = {10.1016/j.humimm.2024.110792},
pmid = {38555250},
issn = {1879-1166},
abstract = {HLA-G expression of tumors and upon viral infections is involved in their immune escape leading to the evasion from both T and NK cell recognition. The underlying mechanisms of HLA-G expression in both pathophysiologic conditions are broad and range from genetic abnormalities to epigenetic, transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the frequency, regulation and clinical relevance of HLA-G expression upon neoplastic and viral transformation, its interaction with components of the microenvironment as well as its potential as diagnostic marker and/or therapeutic target. In addition, it discusses urgent topics, which have to be addressed in HLA-G research.},
}

@article {pmid38554565,
year = {2024},
author = {Russell, C and Ashley, J and Ali, F and Bozinoff, N and Corace, K and Marsh, DC and Mushquash, C and Wyman, J and Zhang, M and Lange, S},
title = {Examining inequities in access to opioid agonist treatment (OAT) take-home doses (THD): A Canadian OAT guideline synthesis and systematic review.},
journal = {The International journal on drug policy},
volume = {127},
number = {},
pages = {104343},
doi = {10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104343},
pmid = {38554565},
issn = {1873-4758},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Daily supervised Opioid Agonist Treatment (OAT) medication has been identified as a barrier to treatment retention. Canadian OAT guidelines outline take-home dose (THD) criteria, yet, OAT prescribers use their clinical judgement to decide whether an individual is 'clinically stable' to receive THD. There is limited information regarding whether these decisions may result in inequitable access to THD, including in the context of updated COVID-19 guidance. The current Canadian OAT THD guideline synthesis and systematic review aimed to address this knowledge gap.

METHODS: This systematic review included a two-pronged approach. First, we searched available academic literature in Embase, Medline, and PsychINFO up until October 12th, 2022, to identify studies that compared characteristics of individuals on OAT who had and had not been granted access to THD to explore potential inequities in access. Next, we identified all Canadian national and provincial OAT guidelines through a semi-structured grey literature search (conducted between September-October 2022) and extracted all THD 'stability' and allowances/timeline criteria to compare against characteristics identified in the literature search. Data from both review arms were synthesized and narratively presented.

RESULTS: A total of n = 56 guidelines and n = 7 academic studies were included. The systematic review identified a number of patient characteristics such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, housing, employment, neighborhood income, drug use, mental health, health service utilization, as well as treatment duration that were associated with differential access to THD. The Canadian OAT THD guideline synthesis identified many of these same characteristics as 'stability' criteria, underscoring the potential for Canadian OAT guidelines to result in inequitable access to THD.

CONCLUSIONS: This two-pronged literature review demonstrated that current guidelines likely contribute to inequitable OAT THD access due primarily to inconsistent 'stability' criteria across guidelines. More research is needed to understand differential OAT THD access with a focus on prescriber decision-making and evaluating associated treatment and safety outcomes. The development of a client-centered, equity-focused, and evidence-informed decision making framework that incorporates more clear definitions of 'stability' criteria and indications for prescriber discretion is warranted.},
}

@article {pmid38554253,
year = {2024},
author = {Hattab, D and Amer, MFA and Al-Alami, ZM and Bakhtiar, A},
title = {SARS-CoV-2 journey: from alpha variant to omicron and its sub-variants.},
journal = {Infection},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38554253},
issn = {1439-0973},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has affected hundreds of millions of individuals and caused more than six million deaths. The prolonged pandemic duration and the continual inter-individual transmissibility have contributed to the emergence of a wide variety of SARS-CoV-2 variants. Genomic surveillance and phylogenetic studies have shown that substantial mutations in crucial supersites of spike glycoprotein modulate the binding affinity of the evolved SARS-COV-2 lineages to ACE2 receptors and modify the binding of spike protein with neutralizing antibodies. The immunological spike mutations have been associated with differential transmissibility, infectivity, and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccines and the immunological therapies among the new variants. This review highlights the diverse genetic mutations assimilated in various SARS-CoV-2 variants. The implications of the acquired mutations related to viral transmission, infectivity, and COVID-19 severity are discussed. This review also addresses the effectiveness of human neutralizing antibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or immunization and the therapeutic antibodies against the ascended variants.},
}

@article {pmid38553869,
year = {2024},
author = {Martin, M and Rice, K and Murray, CV and Thorsteinsson, EB and Usher, KJ},
title = {COVID-19 and beyond: A systematic review of adaptations to psychosocial support in oncology.},
journal = {Journal of advanced nursing},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/jan.16175},
pmid = {38553869},
issn = {1365-2648},
support = {//Australian Government/ ; },
abstract = {AIMS: To understand the strategies used to continue providing psychosocial support to cancer patients during the pandemic, including outcomes and implications beyond the pandemic.

DESIGN: A systematic review of original research.

DATA SOURCES: ProQuest Health & Medicine, CINAHL Complete (via EBSCOhost), Scopus, and PubMed were searched for original work published between January 2020 and December 2022.

METHODS: Abstract and title screening identified eligible articles for full-text review. Following a full-text review, data were extracted from eligible articles, and a risk of bias assessment was conducted. A synthesis without meta-analysis was performed.

RESULTS: Thirty-four articles met the selection criteria. These articles provide evidence that systematic adaptations during the pandemic improved the assessment and screening of psychological needs and/or increased the number of clients accessing services. Additionally, while the pandemic was associated with decreased psychosocial well-being for cancer patients, five intervention studies reported improvements in psychosocial well-being. Barriers, strategies, and recommendations were described.

CONCLUSION: Adapting psychosocial support during a pandemic can be successful, achieved relatively quickly, and can increase the uptake of support for people experiencing cancer.

IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE: It is imperative that these adaptations continue beyond the pandemic to maximize adaptive psychosocial outcomes for a group vulnerable to ongoing mental health concerns.

IMPACT: While the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with increased psychosocial need for cancer patients, evidence in the review suggested that adaptations made to service delivery facilitated increased access for patients who may not previously have been able to access support. Additionally, improvements in psychosocial well-being were achieved. These findings are relevant for clinicians and decision-makers who fund and design psychosocial support services for cancer patients.

REPORTING METHOD: The review was guided by PRISMA Guidelines and the SWiM Reporting Guideline.

No patient or public contribution.},
}

@article {pmid38553406,
year = {2024},
author = {Ladbury, C and Eustace, N and Kassardjian, A and Amini, A and Chen, YJ and Wang, E and Kohut, A and Tergas, A and Han, E and Song, M and Glaser, S},
title = {Explainable artificial intelligence analysis of brachytherapy boost receipt in cervical cancer during the COVID-19 era.},
journal = {Brachytherapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.brachy.2024.01.005},
pmid = {38553406},
issn = {1873-1449},
abstract = {PURPOSE: Brachytherapy is a critical component of the standard-of-care curative radiotherapy regimen for women with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC). However, existing literature suggests that many patients will not receive the brachytherapy boost. We used machine learning (ML) and explainable artificial intelligence to characterize this disparity.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with LACC diagnosed from 2004 to 2020 who received definitive radiation were identified in the National Cancer Database. Five ML models were trained to predict if a patient received a brachytherapy boost. The best-performing model was explained using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) values. To identify trends that may be attributable to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the previous analysis was repeated and limited to 2019 to 2020.

RESULTS: A total of 37,564 patients with LACC were identified; 5799 were diagnosed from 2019 to 2020 (COVID cohort). Of these patients, 59.3% received a brachytherapy boost, with 76.4% of patients diagnosed in 2019 to 2020 receiving a boost. The random forest model achieved the best performance for both the overall and COVID cohorts. In the overall cohort, the most important predictive features were the year of diagnosis, stage, age, and insurance status. In the COVID cohort, the most important predictive features were FIGO stage, age, insurance status, and hospital type. Of the 26 patients who tested positive for COVID-19 during their course of radiotherapy, 19 (73.1%) received a brachytherapy boost.

CONCLUSIONS: A gradual increase in brachytherapy boost utilization has been noted, which did not seem to be significantly impacted by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. ML could be considered to identify patient populations where brachytherapy is underutilized, which can provide actionable feedback for improving access.},
}

@article {pmid38553081,
year = {2024},
author = {Keene, CM and Dickinson, S and Naidoo, R and Andersen-Waine, B and Ferguson-Lewis, A and Polner, A and Amswych, M and White, L and Molyneux, S and Wanat, M and , },
title = {Decision to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a rapid scoping review.},
journal = {BMJ open},
volume = {14},
number = {3},
pages = {e084437},
pmid = {38553081},
issn = {2044-6055},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 Testing ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Testing for COVID-19 was a key component of the UK's response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy relied on positive individuals self-isolating to reduce transmission, making isolation the lynchpin in the public health approach. Therefore, we scoped evidence to systematically identify and categorise barriers and facilitators to compliance with self-isolation guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, to inform public health strategies in future pandemics.

DESIGN: A rapid scoping review was conducted.

SEARCH STRATEGY: Key terms were used to search literature databases (PubMed, Scopus and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database, on 7 November 2022), Google Scholar and stakeholder-identified manuscripts, ultimately including evidence published in English from UK-based studies conducted between 2020 and 2022.

DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data were extracted and synthesised into themes, organised broadly into capability, opportunity and motivation, and reviewed with key stakeholders from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).

RESULTS: We included 105 sources, with 63 identified from UKHSA and used to inform their decision-making during the pandemic. Influences on the decision to comply with isolation guidance were categorised into six themes: perceived ability to isolate; information and guidance; logistics; social influences, including trust; perceived value; and perceived consequences. Individuals continuously assessed these factors in deciding whether or not to comply with guidance and self-isolate.

CONCLUSIONS: Decisions to self-isolate after a positive test were influenced by multiple factors, including individuals' beliefs, concerns, priorities and personal circumstances. Future testing strategies must facilitate meaningful financial, practical and mental health support to allow individuals to overcome the perceived and actual negative consequences of isolating. Clear, consistent communication of the purpose and procedures of isolating will also be critical to support compliance with self-isolation guidance, and should leverage people's perceived value in protecting others. Building public trust is also essential, but requires investment before the next pandemic starts.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology/prevention & control
Pandemics/prevention & control
SARS-CoV-2
COVID-19 Testing
United Kingdom/epidemiology

@article {pmid37951572,
year = {2024},
author = {Theoharides, TC and Twahir, A and Kempuraj, D},
title = {Mast cells in the autonomic nervous system and potential role in disorders with dysautonomia and neuroinflammation.},
journal = {Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology},
volume = {132},
number = {4},
pages = {440-454},
doi = {10.1016/j.anai.2023.10.032},
pmid = {37951572},
issn = {1534-4436},
mesh = {Humans ; Mast Cells ; Neuroinflammatory Diseases ; *Autism Spectrum Disorder ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; Autonomic Nervous System ; *Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ; },
abstract = {Mast cells (MC) are ubiquitous in the body, and they are critical for not only in allergic diseases but also in immunity and inflammation, including having potential involvement in the pathophysiology of dysautonomias and neuroinflammatory disorders. MC are located perivascularly close to nerve endings and sites such as the carotid bodies, heart, hypothalamus, the pineal gland, and the adrenal gland that would allow them not only to regulate but also to be affected by the autonomic nervous system (ANS). MC are stimulated not only by allergens but also many other triggers including some from the ANS that can affect MC release of neurosensitizing, proinflammatory, and vasoactive mediators. Hence, MC may be able to regulate homeostatic functions that seem to be dysfunctional in many conditions, such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome, autism spectrum disorder, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, and Long-COVID syndrome. The evidence indicates that there is a possible association between these conditions and diseases associated with MC activation. There is no effective treatment for any form of these conditions other than minimizing symptoms. Given the many ways MC could be activated and the numerous mediators released, it would be important to develop ways to inhibit stimulation of MC and the release of ANS-relevant mediators.},
}

Humans
Mast Cells
Neuroinflammatory Diseases
*Autism Spectrum Disorder
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome
Autonomic Nervous System
*Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome

@article {pmid36239319,
year = {2024},
author = {Chen, J and Zhang, X and Bassey, AP and Xu, X and Gao, F and Guo, K and Zhou, G},
title = {Prospects for the next generation of artificial enzymes for ensuring the quality of chilled meat: Opportunities and challenges.},
journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
volume = {64},
number = {11},
pages = {3583-3603},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2022.2133077},
pmid = {36239319},
issn = {1549-7852},
mesh = {*Meat ; *Hot Temperature ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; },
abstract = {As living standards rise, the demand for high-quality chilled meat among consumers also grows. Researchers and enterprises have been interested in ensuring the quality of chilled meat in all links of the downstream industry. Nanozyme has shown the potential to address the aforementioned requirements. Reasons and approaches for the application of nanozymes in the freshness assessment or shelf life extension of chilled meat were discussed. The challenges for applying these nanozymes to ensure the quality of chilled meat were also summarized. Finally, this review examined the safety, regulatory status, and consumer attitudes toward nanozymes. This review revealed that the freshness assessment of chilled meat is closely related to mimicking the enzyme activities of nanozymes, whereas the shelf life changes of chilled meat are mostly dependent on the photothermal activities and pseudophotodynamic activities of nanozymes. In contrast, studies regarding the shelf life of chilled meat are more challenging to develop, as excessive heat or reactive oxygen species impair its quality. Notably, meat contains a complex matrix composition that may interact with the nanozyme, reducing its effectiveness. Nanopollution and mass manufacturing are additional obstacles that must be overcome. Therefore, it is vital to choose suitable approaches to ensure meat quality. Furthermore, the safety of nanozymes in meat applications still needs careful consideration owing to their widespread usage.},
}

*Meat
*Hot Temperature
Reactive Oxygen Species

@article {pmid38552795,
year = {2024},
author = {Manuelpillai, B and Zendt, M and Chang-Rabley, E and Ricotta, EE},
title = {"Stuck in pandemic uncertainty: A review of the persistent Effects of COVID-19 infection in immune deficient people".},
journal = {Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1016/j.cmi.2024.03.027},
pmid = {38552795},
issn = {1469-0691},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Immune-deficient/disordered people (IDP) are underrepresented in COVID-19 studies. Specifically, there is limited research on post-SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes, including viral persistence and long-term sequelae in these populations.

OBJECTIVES: This review aimed to examine the published literature on the occurrence of persistent SARS-CoV-2 positivity, relapse, reinfections, variant coinfection, and post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in IDP. While the available literature largely centered on those with secondary immunodeficiencies, studies on people with inborn errors of immunity are also included.

SOURCES: PubMed was searched using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms to identify relevant articles from the last four years. Articles on primary and secondary immunodeficiencies were chosen and a special emphasis was placed on including articles that studied people with inborn errors of immunity. The absence of extensive cohort studies including these individuals has limited most articles in this review to case reports, whereas the articles focusing on secondary immunodeficiencies include larger cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. Articles focusing solely on HIV/AIDS were excluded.

CONTENT: Scientific literature suggests that IDP of any age are more likely to experience persistent SARS-CoV-2 infections. While adult IDP exhibit a higher rate of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), milder COVID-19 infections in children may reduce their risk of experiencing PASC. Reinfections and coinfections may occur at a slightly higher rate in IDP than the general population.

IMPLICATIONS: While IDP experience increased viral persistence and inter-host evolution, it is unlikely that enough evidence can be generated at the population-level to support or refute the hypothesis that infections in IDP are significantly more likely to result in variants of concern than infections in the general population. Additional research on the relationship between viral persistence and the rate of long-term sequelae in IDP could inform the understanding of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in IDP and the general population.},
}

@article {pmid38551676,
year = {2024},
author = {Hirota, K},
title = {Are there beneficial effects to hybrid anesthesia*?.},
journal = {Journal of anesthesia},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38551676},
issn = {1438-8359},
abstract = {As the COVID-19 pandemic increased the use of propofol in the intensive care unit for the management of respiratory sequelae and supply had become a major issue. Indeed, most hospitals in Japan were forced to use propofol only for induction of anesthesia with inhalational maintenance. Large amounts of propofol remain in the syringe which exacerbates the problems by increased waste. I propose that use of low dose propofol in combination with a low concentration inhaled anesthetic as an alternative and call this hybrid anesthesia. Several advantages of hybrid anesthesia are evident in the literature. Volatile anesthesia has several disadvantages such as cancer progression, emergence agitation, marked reduction in motor evoked potentials (MEP), laryngospasm with desflurane and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Volatile anesthesia exerts some beneficial actions such as myocardial protection and fast emergence with desflurane. In contrast, total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) provides better survival in patients undergoing radical cancer surgery, reduction in emergence agitation, laryngospasm, PONV and better MEP trace Intraoperative awareness occurs more often during TIVA. When intravenous and volatile anesthesia are combined (hybrid anesthesia), the disadvantages of both methods may be offset by clear advantages. Thus, hybrid anesthesia may, therefore, be a viable anesthetic choice.},
}

@article {pmid38551361,
year = {2024},
author = {Prieto, S and Bangen, KJ and Riegler, K and Kim, SH and Mahmood, Z and Kaseda, ET and Ellison, RL and Sullivan-Baca, E},
title = {Representation of women in neuropsychology research prior to the COVID-19 pandemic.},
journal = {Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {1-14},
doi = {10.1080/13803395.2024.2335109},
pmid = {38551361},
issn = {1744-411X},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Prior work has demonstrated that women have been historically underrepresented across various research fields, including neuropsychology. Given these disparities, the goal of this study was to systematically evaluate the inclusion of women as participants in neuropsychology research. The current study builds upon previous research by examining articles from eight peer-reviewed neuropsychology journals published in 2019.

METHOD: Empirical articles examining human samples were included in the current review if they were available in English. Eligible articles were examined to glean whether the main topic of the article was related to a gender issue, how gender was categorized, the gender distribution of the sample, whether gender was considered in analyses, whether gender was addressed in the discussion, and what age categories the study examined.

RESULTS: There was a relatively even distribution of men (51.76%) and women (48.24%) in neuropsychological research studies reviewed. There were twice as many studies that included only men compared to only women (16 vs. 8 studies), and nearly twice as many studies consisted of ≥ 75% men (16.6%) compared to ≥75% of women (8.5%). Gender-focused research was limited (3%). Furthermore, gender was frequently disregarded in analyses (58%) and often not addressed in the discussion (75%).

CONCLUSIONS: The current study highlights the limitations within neuropsychology related to the representation of women in research. Although it is encouraging that neuropsychological research is generally inclusive of women participants, future research should aim to more comprehensively investigate how gender may influence cognitive risk and resilience factors across different clinical presentations. Recommendations to begin addressing this challenge and to move toward more gender-equitable research are provided.},
}

@article {pmid38550926,
year = {2023},
author = {Feng, Q and Lacey, B and Bešević, J and Omiyale, W and Conroy, M and Starkey, F and Calvin, C and Callen, H and Bramley, L and Welsh, S and Young, A and Effingham, M and Young, A and Collins, R and Holliday, J and Allen, N},
title = {UK biobank: Enhanced assessment of the epidemiology and long-term impact of coronavirus disease-2019.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {e30},
pmid = {38550926},
issn = {2752-6143},
abstract = {UK Biobank is an intensively characterised prospective cohort of 500,000 adults aged 40-69 years when recruited between 2006 and 2010. The study was established to enable researchers worldwide to undertake health-related research in the public interest. The existence of such a large, detailed prospective cohort with a high degree of participant engagement enabled its rapid repurposing for coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) research. In response to the pandemic, the frequency of updates on hospitalisations and deaths among participants was immediately increased, and new data linkages were established to national severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) testing and primary care health records to facilitate research into the determinants of severe COVID-19. UK Biobank also instigated several sub-studies on COVID-19. In 2020, monthly blood samples were collected from approximately 20,000 individuals to investigate the distribution and determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to assess the persistence of antibodies following infection with another blood sample collected after 12 months. UK Biobank also performed repeat imaging of approximately 2,000 participants (half of whom had evidence of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and half did not) to investigate the impact of the virus on changes in measures of internal organ structure and function. In addition, approximately 200,000 UK Biobank participants took part in a self-test SARS-CoV-2 antibody sub-study (between February and November 2021) to collect objective data on previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. These studies are enabling unique research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, as well as their long-term health effects. UK Biobank's contribution to the national and international response to the pandemic represents a case study for its broader value, now and in the future, to precision medicine research.},
}

@article {pmid38550825,
year = {2024},
author = {Aiholli, S and Adya, KA and Inamadar, AC},
title = {Role of Hematological Indices as Predictors of Systemic Inflammation in Dermatology.},
journal = {Indian dermatology online journal},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {188-195},
pmid = {38550825},
issn = {2229-5178},
abstract = {Hematological indices have long been used in a variety of conditions as indicators of systemic inflammation. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are inexpensive tools in predicting severity and disease activity in acute coronary syndrome, malignancy, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness, and other autoimmune conditions. Evidence suggests that such hematological indices can be used in various dermatoses as predictors of systemic inflammation, to assess the severity of the disease, prognosis, and treatment response.},
}

@article {pmid38550582,
year = {2024},
author = {Di Florio, DN and Beetler, DJ and McCabe, EJ and Sin, J and Ikezu, T and Fairweather, D},
title = {Mitochondrial extracellular vesicles, autoimmunity and myocarditis.},
journal = {Frontiers in immunology},
volume = {15},
number = {},
pages = {1374796},
pmid = {38550582},
issn = {1664-3224},
mesh = {Humans ; *Myocarditis ; Autoimmunity ; *Coxsackievirus Infections ; Enterovirus B, Human ; *Autoimmune Diseases ; Mitochondria/metabolism ; *Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism ; },
abstract = {For many decades viral infections have been suspected as 'triggers' of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur have been difficult to establish. Recent studies have shown that viral infections that are commonly associated with viral myocarditis and other autoimmune diseases such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and SARS-CoV-2 target mitochondria and are released from cells in mitochondrial vesicles that are able to activate the innate immune response. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and the inflammasome pathway are activated by mitochondrial components. Autoreactivity against cardiac myosin and heart-specific immune responses that occur after infection with viruses where the heart is not the primary site of infection (e.g., CVB3, SARS-CoV-2) may occur because the heart has the highest density of mitochondria in the body. Evidence exists for autoantibodies against mitochondrial antigens in patients with myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Defects in tolerance mechanisms like autoimmune regulator gene (AIRE) may further increase the likelihood of autoreactivity against mitochondrial antigens leading to autoimmune disease. The focus of this review is to summarize current literature regarding the role of viral infection in the production of extracellular vesicles containing mitochondria and virus and the development of myocarditis.},
}

Humans
*Myocarditis
Autoimmunity
*Coxsackievirus Infections
Enterovirus B, Human
*Autoimmune Diseases
Mitochondria/metabolism
*Extracellular Vesicles/metabolism

@article {pmid38550464,
year = {2024},
author = {Tawde, P and Igburuke, L and Olanipekun, D and Marwaha, V and Lambo, J},
title = {Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 Infection in the Americas.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {2},
pages = {e55044},
pmid = {38550464},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {Many reports on COVID-19 have highlighted an association between patient characteristics upon admission for COVID-19 and how they affect variable progressions of the disease severity and, ultimately mortality. In this cohort, we analyzed data from patients in the Americas who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes COVID-19, and were hospitalized. We retrieved data from identified studies selected from full-text screening to identify relevant patient demographics: age, gender, race, duration of hospital stay, and comorbidities. Data were assessed for consistency, missing values, presence of outliers, and implausible values were documented. Our analysis was performed by calculating the case fatality rates for data reported by the original authors within the studies. The primary outcome was mortality. Participants in the review were COVID-19 inpatients diagnosed through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) and above the age of 45 years in the North and South American continents. The study included 12,895 patients who were hospitalized with the COVID-19 infection, and an overall 14.4% in-hospital case-fatality rate was demonstrated. The prognostic factor with the most significant association for increased risk of in-hospital mortality in the elderly was having a high viral load of the COVID-19 virus with a case-fatality rate of 41.4%. In addition, being of Caucasian ethnicity and having the comorbidity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were also associated with higher rates of mortality among elderly hospitalized patients with case-fatality rates of 40.8% and 35.7% respectively. Prognostic factors for COVID-19 mortality were determined by having a high viral load of the infection, being of Caucasian ethnicity, and having underlying pulmonary comorbidities such as COPD. In the future research should be undertaken to determine the underlying mechanisms behind these effects.},
}

@article {pmid38550317,
year = {2024},
author = {Aikebaier, S},
title = {COVID-19, new challenges to human safety: a global review.},
journal = {Frontiers in public health},
volume = {12},
number = {},
pages = {1371238},
pmid = {38550317},
issn = {2296-2565},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19/epidemiology ; },
abstract = {In the context of sustainable human development, human safety has gradually shifted from traditional state and political conflict to social conflict and horizontal inequality, and the pandemic has exacerbated this variation risk. This narrative review includes literature from 40 countries on five continents since 2020, explored and tidy up the impacts of pandemics on human safety based on three perspectives: personal safety, family safety and social safety, refined the macroscopic concept of human safety. The comprehensibility of the global review conclusions is enhanced by combining it with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Finally, some novel and comparative results are included to broaden the understanding of the impact of the pandemic, and help policymaker better understand human safety changes from a new perspective.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19/epidemiology

@article {pmid38550265,
year = {2024},
author = {Haimi, M and Goren, U and Grossman, Z},
title = {Barriers and challenges to telemedicine usage among the elderly population in Israel in light of the COVID-19 era: A qualitative study.},
journal = {Digital health},
volume = {10},
number = {},
pages = {20552076241240235},
pmid = {38550265},
issn = {2055-2076},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although there may still be many challenges to its adoption, telemedicine is becoming more and more popular for helping elderly people preserve their independence and continue to live in their own homes. We intended to investigate the challenges and barriers (if any) experienced by the elderly population when using telemedicine services in Israel.

METHODS: Fourteen elderly people were recruited for the study and interviewed in person using a semistructured interview protocol, using a qualitative technique. Participants' replies were evaluated and analyzed thematically. The participants were questioned regarding their usage of telehealth services, the benefits they perceive in them, any potential difficulties or hurdles to use, and suggestions they had for making these services more readily available and simpler to use for the elderly.

RESULTS: Most participants recognized the advantages of telehealth services, particularly for the elderly population during pandemics and normal times. However, most of them also expressed various challenges that face the elderly population in using these services. Many participants were concerned that the quality of telemedicine sessions may not be good enough compared to in-person sessions, and expressed a lack of confidence in telemedicine services, and frustration from the absence of in-person interaction and communication. Many participants highlighted the technological challenges in the use of computers and applications in general and in the context of healthcare, in particular, in addition to physiological and literacy difficulties. Finally, the participants suggested several ways to increase the accessibility and usage of telemedicine solutions by elderly people.

CONCLUSIONS: A proactive approach to identifying and resolving telehealth barriers can maximize virtual interactions for the older population and alleviate care inequities. In addition to identifying barriers that impede older patients from using telemedicine, there is a need to increase awareness of the availability, benefits, and uses of each telehealth service in comparison to in-person consultations.},
}

@article {pmid38549864,
year = {2024},
author = {Bocquet-Garçon, A},
title = {Impact of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein on the Innate Immune System: A Review.},
journal = {Cureus},
volume = {16},
number = {3},
pages = {e57008},
pmid = {38549864},
issn = {2168-8184},
abstract = {The Spike protein enables the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by binding to multiple receptors, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Scientific studies also indicate that Spike is involved in severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), "long-haul COVID diseases" - also known as "long COVID syndromes" or "post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection" (PACS) - or, recently, in adverse reactions to lipid nanoparticle-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccines or other anti-COVID19 products. Numerous mutations, notably within the subunit 1 of Spike (S1), prevent neutralization by antibodies, but more generally, the virus has developed numerous strategies to avoid immune system surveillance, especially type-I interferons (IFN-I). Meanwhile, a "hyperinflammatory" state, named "cytokine storm," sets in. However, what role does the Spike protein play in the immune escape mechanisms? Can its inflammatory activities affect IFN-I? Does Spike block IFN-I or hijack them for the virus benefits? What are the other potential consequences? This article was written to provide an up-to-date and more general overview of the impact of the Spike protein on the innate immune system and its effectors at the molecular level.},
}

@article {pmid38549622,
year = {2024},
author = {Ceglie, N and Petito, A and Cibelli, G},
title = {Return to play of young and adult professional athletes after COVID-19: A scoping review.},
journal = {Journal of exercise science and fitness},
volume = {22},
number = {3},
pages = {208-220},
pmid = {38549622},
issn = {1728-869X},
abstract = {BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Given the persistence of COVID-19 under various facets and mutations, there is an urgent need to understand the debate on a safe return to play for professional athletes (young and adults) recovering from the infection. This work offers a scoping and comprehensive review on the topic during the first two years of the pandemic event by providing an identification of main clusters of research, relevant gaps and significant insights for future investigation.

METHODS: The literature is selected using the search engines of: PubMed®, SCIENCEDIRECT, and SCOPUS. Further criteria for selection are: Time range of 2020-2022; Scope: Return to play of professional athletes recovering from COVID-19 infection; 3) Types of publications: Research papers, reviews, practice guidelines, case reports; 4) Language: English. Two independent researchers performed a quality check on a random sample (n = 30%) of publications.

RESULTS: Main results reveal four research clusters deepening the analysis on: myocarditis, cardiac diseases and return to play, training and rehabilitation, mass screening and risk assessment, and sport and bio-psycho-social sphere for a safe return to play. Major collaborations occur between UK-South Africa, UK-USA, USA-Canada, and USA-Australia.

CONCLUSIONS: Important gaps refer to a lack of investigation on a safe return to play for female athletes in mostly all sports disciplines; on the other hand, sport and the bio-psycho-social sphere of the athlete is a fast-growing topic. Both deserve further attention in the immediate future to improve ad-hoc sport and exercise practices.},
}

@article {pmid38548344,
year = {2024},
author = {Mohamed-Ahmed, O and Aboutaleb, H and Latif, S and Watson, HL and Handley, R and Humphreys, E and Gedik, FG and De Sa, J and Zhang, Y and Bhatia, T and Dar, O and Saikat, S and Squires, N and Mataria, A},
title = {Reviewing essential public health functions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region post COVID-19 pandemic: a foundation for system resilience.},
journal = {BMJ global health},
volume = {9},
number = {3},
pages = {},
pmid = {38548344},
issn = {2059-7908},
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; Public Health ; *Resilience, Psychological ; Mediterranean Region ; },
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic exposed vulnerabilities in many health systems worldwide with profound implications for health and society. The public health challenges experienced during the pandemic have highlighted the importance of resilient health systems, that can adapt and transform to meet the population's evolving health needs. Essential public health functions (EPHFs) offer a holistic, integrated and sustainable approach to public health by contributing to achieving several health priorities and goals. In recent years, there has been a focused effort to conceptualise and define the EPHFs. In this paper, we describe the collaborative approach undertaken by the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and UK Health Security Agency and present the findings and results of the revised EPHFs, in view of lessons learnt from the COVID-19 pandemic and the current priorities for countries across the EMR. This included conducting a desktop review, a gap and bottleneck analysis and stakeholder consultation to arrive at the revised EPHF model including four enablers and nine core functions, including a new function: public health services. The EPHFs will offer countries a complementary and synergistic approach to strengthen health systems and public health capacities and contribute to the region's ability to effectively respond to future health challenges and emergencies. By focusing on the EPHFs, countries can work towards ensuring health security as an integral goal for the health system besides universal health coverage, thus strengthening and building more resilient and equitable health systems.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19
Pandemics
Public Health
*Resilience, Psychological
Mediterranean Region

@article {pmid38391275,
year = {2024},
author = {Ngo-Hamilton, A and Agakishiev, D and Maharaj, V},
title = {Cardiac rehabilitation for heart failure: progress and gaps in evidence and policy.},
journal = {Current opinion in cardiology},
volume = {39},
number = {3},
pages = {196-201},
doi = {10.1097/HCO.0000000000001129},
pmid = {38391275},
issn = {1531-7080},
mesh = {Adult ; Humans ; Female ; *Heart Failure ; *Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods ; Quality of Life ; Stroke Volume ; Policy ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review synthesizes recent research on the efficacy, optimal design, and delivery methods of cardiac rehabilitation tailored to heart failure patients. Despite established benefits, cardiac rehabilitation referral and access disparities persist, necessitating elucidation of limitations and solutions.

RECENT FINDINGS: Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation improves long-term mortality and hospitalization rates but not short-term mortality. cardiac rehabilitation further enhances quality of life and medical therapy adherence. However, cardiac rehabilitation relies on in-person delivery, presenting access barriers exacerbated during COVID-19. Significant geographic disparities exist, with analyses indicating current capacity only serves 45% of eligible US adults even if fully utilized. Referral rates also lag, disproportionately affecting women and minority groups. Research increasingly focuses on home-based and digital therapeutics modalities to expand reach, with evidence demonstrating comparable improvements across settings. Protocols and research center on heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), despite growing heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) prevalence.

SUMMARY: Increasing referrals through standardized procedures and addressing multifactorial geographic, economic, and capacity limitations are imperative to ensure equitable cardiac rehabilitation access. Broadening HFpEF rehabilitation research and care standards also constitutes a critical practice gap requiring alignment with projected epidemiologic shifts. Advancing patient-centered, evidence-based solutions can promote rehabilitation as essential secondary prevention for wider cardiac populations.

VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/HCO/A97.},
}

Adult
Humans
Female
*Heart Failure
*Cardiac Rehabilitation/methods
Quality of Life
Stroke Volume
Policy

@article {pmid38353234,
year = {2024},
author = {Shroff, H},
title = {COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury.},
journal = {Current opinion in gastroenterology},
volume = {40},
number = {3},
pages = {119-125},
doi = {10.1097/MOG.0000000000001012},
pmid = {38353234},
issn = {1531-7056},
mesh = {Humans ; COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects ; *Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/complications ; *COVID-19/prevention & control/complications ; *Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology ; Vaccination/adverse effects ; },
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The rapid rollout and uptake of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines has been accompanied by a small yet noticeable accumulation of reports of liver injury occurring after vaccination. This review describes the present evidence surrounding COVID-19 vaccine-induced liver injury (VILI).

RECENT FINDINGS: Liver injury occurring after the COVID-19 vaccine often presents clinically similar to autoimmune hepatitis, with positive autoantibodies and a portal and lobular inflammatory infiltrate and varying degrees of necrosis on biopsy. The overwhelming majority of patients recover, often spontaneously or with a limited course of immunosuppression. The overall incidence of this phenomenon appears to be exceedingly low.

SUMMARY: Providers should remain vigilant for ongoing reports of VILI after COVID-19 and yet feel reassured by the low incidence and high likelihood of recovery. Ongoing genetic and histological study, as well as longer-term follow-up of presently identified cases, will shed further light on the clinical entity of VILI.},
}

Humans
COVID-19 Vaccines/adverse effects
*Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic/complications
*COVID-19/prevention & control/complications
*Hepatitis, Autoimmune/etiology
Vaccination/adverse effects

@article {pmid38039096,
year = {2024},
author = {Heaney, CD and Hempel, H and DeRosa, KL and Pinto, LA and Mantis, NJ},
title = {Clinical Assessment of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Oral Fluids Following Infection and Vaccination.},
journal = {Clinical chemistry},
volume = {70},
number = {4},
pages = {589-596},
pmid = {38039096},
issn = {1530-8561},
support = {75N91019D00024/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01 CA260508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; U01CA260508/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States ; 75N91019D00024/NH/NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; *COVID-19 Vaccines ; SARS-CoV-2 ; *COVID-19/prevention & control ; Antibodies, Viral ; Vaccination ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin A ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; },
abstract = {BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to circulate globally, even within highly vaccinated populations. The first-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccines elicit neutralizing immunoglobin G (IgG) antibodies that prevent severe COVID-19 but induce only weak antibody responses in mucosal tissues. There is increasing recognition that secretory immunoglobin A (SIgA) antibodies in the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity are critical in interrupting virus shedding, transmission, and progression of disease. To fully understand the immune-related factors that influence SARS-CoV-2 dynamics at the population level, it will be necessary to monitor virus-specific IgG and SIgA in systemic and mucosal compartments.

CONTENT: Oral fluids and saliva, with appropriate standardized collection methods, constitute a readily accessible biospecimen type from which both systemic and mucosal antibodies can be measured. Serum-derived IgG and immunoglobin A (IgA) are found in gingival crevicular fluids and saliva as the result of transudation, while SIgA, which is produced in response to mucosal infection and vaccination, is actively transported across salivary gland epithelia and present in saliva and passive drool. In this mini-review, we summarize the need for the implementation of standards, highly qualified reagents, and best practices to ensure that clinical science is both rigorous and comparable across laboratories and institutions. We discuss the need for a better understanding of sample stability, collection methods, and other factors that affect measurement outcomes and interlaboratory variability.

SUMMARY: The establishment of best practices and clinical laboratory standards for the assessment of SARS-CoV-2 serum and mucosal antibodies in oral fluids is integral to understanding immune-related factors that influence COVID-19 transmission and persistence within populations.},
}

Humans
*COVID-19 Vaccines
SARS-CoV-2
*COVID-19/prevention & control
Antibodies, Viral
Vaccination
Immunoglobulin A, Secretory
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin A
Antibodies, Neutralizing

@article {pmid37470218,
year = {2024},
author = {Gallorini, M and Carradori, S and Panieri, E and Sova, M and Saso, L},
title = {Modulation of NRF2: Biological Dualism in Cancer, Targets and Possible Therapeutic Applications.},
journal = {Antioxidants & redox signaling},
volume = {40},
number = {10-12},
pages = {636-662},
doi = {10.1089/ars.2022.0213},
pmid = {37470218},
issn = {1557-7716},
abstract = {Significance: The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) system is a master regulator of redox homeostasis and cell adaptation to a variety of exogenous and endogenous stressors. Accumulating evidence from the last decade indicates that the impairment of the redox balance leads to oxidative stress (OS), a common alteration occurring in many human acute and chronic inflammatory diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders, and aging. Recent Advances: Being located at the intersection of crucial signaling pathways, NRF2 can influence several cellular functions, which extend beyond the maintenance of the redox balance and include cellular metabolism, proteostasis, mitochondrial function and inflammation. For this reason, there is a growing interest in the pharmacologic manipulation of NRF2 for therapeutic purposes, which requires the accurate knowledge of the cell context and the specific time frame both of NRF2 activation and inhibition. This appears to be an important prerequisite and reflects the extreme complexity of the NRF2 signaling, characterized by an intrinsic dualism that mediates beneficial or detrimental effects even in the same biological process. Critical Issues: Of crucial importance will be to understand whether the NRF2 activity modulation might be exploited to exert beneficial outcomes in patients suffering from pathological conditions, in which the OS and the deregulation of inflammatory processes play a crucial role. Future Directions: In this review, we discuss the dual involvement of NRF2 in aging, neurodegeneration, metabolic diseases, long-COVID-19, and carcinogenesis and we present an overview of the most recent therapeutic modulators of NRF2, particularly emphasizing on those selected for clinical trials. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 40, 636-662.},
}

@article {pmid38550941,
year = {2023},
author = {Ellinghaus, D},
title = {COVID-19 host genetics and ABO blood group susceptibility.},
journal = {Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine},
volume = {1},
number = {},
pages = {e10},
pmid = {38550941},
issn = {2752-6143},
abstract = {Twenty-five susceptibility loci for SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or COVID-19 disease severity have been identified in the human genome by genome-wide association studies, and the most frequently replicated genetic findings for susceptibility are genetic variants at the ABO gene locus on chromosome 9q34.2, which is supported by the association between ABO blood group distribution and COVID-19. The ABO blood group effect appears to influence a variety of disease conditions and pathophysiological mechanisms associated with COVID-19. Transmission models for SARS-CoV-2 combined with observational public health and genome-wide data from patients and controls, as well as receptor binding experiments in cell lines and human samples, indicate that there may be a reduction or slowing of infection events by up to 60% in certain ABO blood group constellations of index and contact person in the early phase of a SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. The strength of the ABO blood group effect on reducing infection rates further depends on the distribution of the ABO blood groups in the respective population and the proportion of blood group O in that population. To understand in detail the effect of ABO blood groups on COVID-19, further studies are needed in relation to different demographic characteristics, but also in relation to recent data on reinfection with new viral variants and in the context of the human microbiome.},
}

@article {pmid35298352,
year = {2024},
author = {Hollowell, A and Swartz, J and Myers, E and Erkanli, A and Hu, C and Shin, A and Bentley-Edwards, K},
title = {Telemedicine services in higher education: a review of college and university websites.},
journal = {Journal of American college health : J of ACH},
volume = {72},
number = {2},
pages = {548-553},
pmid = {35298352},
issn = {1940-3208},
support = {K12 HD103083/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/United States ; },
mesh = {Humans ; United States ; Universities ; *Students ; Pandemics ; Longitudinal Studies ; *Student Health Services ; },
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To identify rates of telemedicine provision during the COVID-19 pandemic and predictive institutional factors among 4-year and graduate colleges and universities.

PARTICIPANTS: The study (n = 364) included the websites (.edu) of accredited public nonprofit, private nonprofit, and private for-profit institutions of higher education in the United States that award bachelors, masters, or doctoral degrees.

METHODS: Using digital content analysis, human coders analyzed institution websites for informational text indicating student telemedicine services.

RESULTS: Findings indicate that a minority of 4-year and above institutions offer telemedicine access. Institution type, institution size, and the presence of campus student health services were predictive. Endowment size and Minority Serving Institution status were not predictive.

CONCLUSION: This study illustrates the ongoing need for increased access to remote health services across higher education, especially among smaller private and public nonprofit colleges and universities and all private for-profit institutions.},
}

Humans
United States
Universities
*Students
Pandemics
Longitudinal Studies
*Student Health Services

@article {pmid38548022,
year = {2024},
author = {De Meyer, A and Meuleman, P},
title = {Preclinical animal models to evaluate therapeutic antiviral antibodies.},
journal = {Antiviral research},
volume = {225},
number = {},
pages = {105843},
doi = {10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105843},
pmid = {38548022},
issn = {1872-9096},
abstract = {Despite the availability of effective preventative vaccines and potent small-molecule antiviral drugs, effective non-toxic prophylactic and therapeutic measures are still lacking for many viruses. The use of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies in an antiviral context could fill this gap and provide effective virus-specific medical interventions. In order to develop these therapeutic antibodies, preclinical animal models are of utmost importance. Due to the variability in viral pathogenesis, immunity and overall characteristics, the most representative animal model for human viral infection differs between virus species. Therefore, throughout the years researchers sought to find the ideal preclinical animal model for each virus. The most used animal models in preclinical research include rodents (mice, ferrets, …) and non-human primates (macaques, chimpanzee, ….). Currently, antibodies are tested for antiviral efficacy against a variety of viruses including different hepatitis viruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and rabies virus. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge about the preclinical animal models that are used for the evaluation of therapeutic antibodies for the abovementioned viruses.},
}

@article {pmid38547841,
year = {2024},
author = {Liu, X and Sun, Y and Song, H and Zhang, W and Liu, T and Chu, Z and Gu, X and Ma, Z and Jin, W},
title = {Nanomaterials-based electrochemical biosensors for diagnosis of COVID-19.},
journal = {Talanta},
volume = {274},
number = {},
pages = {125994},
doi = {10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125994},
pmid = {38547841},
issn = {1873-3573},
abstract = {Since the outbreak of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19), this pandemic has caused severe death and infection worldwide. Owing to its strong infectivity, long incubation period, and nonspecific symptoms, the early diagnosis is essential to reduce risk of the severe illness. The electrochemical biosensor, as a fast and sensitive technique for quantitative analysis of body fluids, has been widely studied to diagnose different biomarkers caused at different infective stages of COVID-19 virus (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, many reports have proved that nanomaterials with special architectures and size effects can effectively promote the biosensing performance on the COVID-19 diagnosis, there are few comprehensive summary reports yet. Therefore, in this review, we will pay efforts on recent progress of advanced nanomaterials-facilitated electrochemical biosensors for the COVID-19 detections. The process of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans will be briefly described, as well as summarizing the types of sensors that should be designed for different infection processes. Emphasis will be supplied to various functional nanomaterials which dominate the biosensing performance for comparison, expecting to provide a rational guidance on the material selection of biosensor construction for people. Finally, we will conclude the perspective on the design of superior nanomaterials-based biosensors facing the unknown virus in future.},
}

@article {pmid38547670,
year = {2024},
author = {Khounsarian, F and Abu-Omar, A and Emara, A and Marinescu, D and Yong-Hing, CJ and Ali, IT and Khosa, F},
title = {A trend, analysis, and solution on women's representation in diagnostic radiology in North America: a narrative review.},
journal = {Clinical imaging},
volume = {109},
number = {},
pages = {110135},
doi = {10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110135},
pmid = {38547670},
issn = {1873-4499},
abstract = {Despite the demonstrated benefits of gender diversity in medicine, women in Radiology in North America are still underrepresented. We reviewed the literature to highlight the current status of women in Radiology in North America, identify the underlying causes of the gender gap, and provide potential strategies to close this gap. We conducted a narrative literature review using the terms ("Gender Disparity" OR "Gender Inequality") AND ("Radiology Department" OR "Radiology Residency"), searching data from April 2000 to April 2022 in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. Our results indicate that Radiology in North America lacks gender diversity in its subspecialties, academic leadership, and research productivity, which the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated. Challenges stemming from a dearth of women role models, limited preclinical contact, and a high rate of burnout contribute to the current gender inequality. Several complementary and supplementary steps can enhance gender diversity in Radiology. These include increasing education and exposure to Radiology at earlier stages and optimizing mentorship opportunities to attract a more diverse pool of talent to the discipline. In addition, supporting resident parents and enhancing the residency program's culture can decrease the rate of burnout and encourage women to pursue careers and leadership positions in Radiology.},
}

@article {pmid38546953,
year = {2024},
author = {Hong, QN and Li, J and Kersalé, M and Dieterlen, E and Mares, A and Ahmadian Sangkar, Z and Paquet, V and Lederer, V and Laberge, M and Coutu, MF},
title = {Work Disability and Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Teleworkers: A Scoping Review.},
journal = {Journal of occupational rehabilitation},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
pmid = {38546953},
issn = {1573-3688},
abstract = {PURPOSE: This project aimed to examine the existing evidence on work disability or musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among teleworkers.

METHOD: A scoping review was conducted in eight bibliographic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, ABI/Inform Global, EBM Reviews, Web of Science, Dissertations & Theses Global) from inception to June 2022.

RESULTS: Out of 9192 records identified, a total of 79 selected articles representing 77 studies were retained. Most studies were published after 2019, aligning with the COVID-19 pandemic's telework surge. Among the included papers, 51 addressed MSDs among teleworkers, 17 were on work disability, and 11 addressed both concepts. The studies were predominantly cross-sectional. Some trends are emerging, although study results are contradictory. Several papers reported increased musculoskeletal discomfort among teleworkers. Factors associated with MSDs among teleworkers include poor workstation setup, extended workdays, sedentary lifestyle, excessive devices use, and psychological factors. Regarding work disability, studies found that telework is associated with reduced absenteeism but increased presenteeism, with employees more likely to work while unwell from home than when on-site. Mixed results were found regarding teleworkers' work ability and functioning.

CONCLUSION: This paper provides an overview of the literature on work disability and MSDs among teleworkers. It identifies literature gaps, underlining the need for ergonomic improvements, long-term impact studies, a better conceptualization of presenteeism in the context of telework, and tailored interventions to enhance the telework experience.},
}

@article {pmid38546893,
year = {2024},
author = {Haghtalab, A and Hejazi, M and Goharnia, N and Yekanlou, A and Hazhir, K and Barghi, A and Bazzaz, Z and Allahverdizadeh, I and GhalibafSabbaghi, A},
title = {Investigating the correlation between prominent viruses and hematological malignancies: a literature review.},
journal = {Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England)},
volume = {41},
number = {5},
pages = {102},
pmid = {38546893},
issn = {1559-131X},
mesh = {Humans ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; *Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; *Neoplasms ; *Viruses ; *Hematologic Neoplasms ; },
abstract = {Extensive research has been conducted on the correlation between viral infections and hematological cancers ever since the identification of the Rous Sarcoma Virus as a cancer-causing agent. Numerous viruses, such as the Epstein-Barr virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, human T-lymphotropic virus 1, and severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2, have been identified as potential contributors to the development and progression of cancer by disrupting normal cellular processes. Different viruses are associated with distinct forms of blood cancers, each exhibiting unique infection mechanisms, pathogenesis, and clinical symptoms. Understanding these connections is crucial for the development of effective prevention and treatment strategies. Healthcare professionals who possess a solid understanding of these associations can offer precise treatments and closely monitor potential complications in individuals with blood cancers and viral infections. By leveraging this information, healthcare providers can optimize patient care and improve outcomes for those affected by both viral infections and hematological cancers.},
}

Humans
Herpesvirus 4, Human
*Epstein-Barr Virus Infections
*Neoplasms
*Viruses
*Hematologic Neoplasms

@article {pmid38545743,
year = {2024},
author = {Yuan, L and Mehmood, A and Meng, L},
title = {A meta-analysis of risk factors for acute kidney injury in pneumonia: Effectiveness of nursing interventions.},
journal = {Therapeutic apheresis and dialysis : official peer-reviewed journal of the International Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Apheresis, the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy},
volume = {},
number = {},
pages = {},
doi = {10.1111/1744-9987.14124},
pmid = {38545743},
issn = {1744-9987},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide since November 2019 is of interest to understand its impact on various organs. COVID-19 patients experience a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with non-COVID-19 patients.

METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted that covered the period from November 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021.

RESULTS: The analysis incorporated a comprehensive review of 19 studies of 21 362 patients. The older age (mean difference [MDs] = 5.11), cardiovascular disease (CVD) (odds ratio [OR] = 1.94), male sex (OR = 1.55), chronic kidney disease (CKD) (OR = 3.82), hypertension (OR = 2.15), diabetes (OR = 1.71), cancer (OR = 1.16), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR = 1.40), mechanical ventilation (OR = 8.66), and vasopressor (OR = 6.30), were significantly associated with risk factor for AKI (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The analysis revealed independent risk factors for AKI.},
}

@article {pmid38217475,
year = {2024},
author = {Rosenberg, R and Thorpy, MJ and Doghramji, K and Morse, AM},
title = {Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review.},
journal = {Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine},
volume = {20},
number = {4},
pages = {643-651},
pmid = {38217475},
issn = {1550-9397},
mesh = {Humans ; *Idiopathic Hypersomnia/diagnosis ; *Depressive Disorder, Major ; *Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology ; *Narcolepsy/diagnosis ; Mental Fatigue ; },
abstract = {UNLABELLED: Brain fog is an undefined term describing a cluster of symptoms related to fatigue and impaired memory, attention, and concentration. Brain fog or brain fog-like symptoms have been reported in central disorders of hypersomnolence and in a range of seemingly unrelated disorders, including coronavirus disease 2019, major depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, lupus, and celiac disease. This narrative review summarizes current evidence and proposes a consensus definition for brain fog. Brain fog is prevalent in narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia, with more than three-quarters of patients with either disorder reporting this symptom in a registry study; it has also been reported as particularly difficult to treat in idiopathic hypersomnia. Studies directly evaluating brain fog are rare; tools for evaluating this symptom cluster typically are patient reports, with few objective measures validated in any disorder. Evaluating brain fog is further complicated by confounding symptoms, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, which is a hallmark of hypersomnolence disorders. No treatments specifically address brain fog. The paucity of literature, assessment tools, and medications for brain fog highlights the need for research leading to better disambiguation and treatment. Until a clear consensus definition is established, we propose brain fog in hypersomnia disorders be defined as a cognitive dysfunction that may or may not be linked with excessive sleepiness, related to an underlying neuronal dysfunction, which reduces concentration and impairs information processing, leading to a complaint of lack of clarity of mental thinking and awareness.

CITATION: Rosenberg R, Thorpy MJ, Doghramji K, Morse AM. Brain fog in central disorders of hypersomnolence: a review. J Clin Sleep Med. 2024;20(4):643-651.},
}

Humans
*Idiopathic Hypersomnia/diagnosis
*Depressive Disorder, Major
*Disorders of Excessive Somnolence/etiology
*Narcolepsy/diagnosis
Mental Fatigue

@article {pmid38097820,
year = {2024},
author = {Plut, D and Winant, AJ and Mahomed, N and Sodhi, KS and Kasznia-Brown, J and Williams-Weekes, T and Daltro, P and Das, KM and Lee, EY},
title = {Unusual pediatric lung infections: imaging findings.},
journal = {Pediatric radiology},
volume = {54},
number = {4},
pages = {516-529},
pmid = {38097820},
issn = {1432-1998},
mesh = {Child ; Humans ; Lung/diagnostic imaging ; *Pneumonia ; *COVID-19 ; *Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging ; Thorax ; },
abstract = {Pediatric lung infections continue to be a leading cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality. Although both pediatric and general radiologists are familiar with typical lung infections and their imaging findings in children, relatively rare lung infections continue to present a diagnostic challenge. In addition, the advances in radiological imaging and emergence of several new lung infections in recent years facilitated the need for up-to-date knowledge on this topic. In this review article, we discuss the imaging findings of pediatric lung infections caused by unusual/uncommon and new pathogens. We review the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological imaging findings of viral (coronavirus disease 2019, Middle East respiratory syndrome, bird flu), bacterial (Streptococcus anginosus, Francisella tularensis, Chlamydia psittaci), and parasitic lung infections (echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, amoebiasis). Additional disorders whose clinical course and imaging findings may mimic lung infections in children (hypersensitivity pneumonitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, eosinophilic pneumonia) are also presented, to aid in differential diagnosis. As the clinical presentation of children with new and unusual lung infections is often non-specific, imaging evaluation plays an important role in initial detection, follow-up for disease progression, and assessment of potential complications.},
}

Child
Humans
Lung/diagnostic imaging
*Pneumonia
*COVID-19
*Lung Diseases/diagnostic imaging
Thorax

@article {pmid36310425,
year = {2024},
author = {Yu, H and Liu, S and Qin, H and Zhou, Z and Zhao, H and Zhang, S and Mao, J},
title = {Artificial intelligence-based approaches for traditional fermented alcoholic beverages' development: review and prospect.},
journal = {Critical reviews in food science and nutrition},
volume = {64},
number = {10},
pages = {2879-2889},
doi = {10.1080/10408398.2022.2128034},
pmid = {36310425},
issn = {1549-7852},
mesh = {*Artificial Intelligence ; *Big Data ; Beverages ; Diet ; Alcoholic Beverages ; },
abstract = {Traditional fermented alcoholic beverages (TFABs) have gained widespread acceptance and enjoyed great popularity for centuries. COVID-19 pandemics lead to the surge in health demand for diet, thus TFABs once again attract increased focus for the health benefits. Though the production technology is quite mature, food companies and research institutions are looking for transformative innovation in TFABs to make healthy, nutritious offerings that give a competitive advantage in current beverage market. The implementation of intelligent platforms enables companies and researchers to gather, store and analyze data in a more convenient way. The development of data collection methods contributed to the big data environment of TFABs, providing a fresh perspective that helps brewers to observe and improve the production steps. Among data analytical tools, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is considered to be one of the most promising methodological approaches for big data analytics and decision-making of automated production, and machine learning (ML) is an important method to fulfill the goal. This review describes the development trends and challenges of TFABs in big data era and summarize the application of AI-based methods in TFABs. Finally, we provide perspectives on the potential research directions of new frontiers in application of AI approaches in the supply chain of TFABs.},
}

*Artificial Intelligence
*Big Data
Beverages
Diet
Alcoholic Beverages